{ "version": 1, "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "rosterPolicy": "roster-policy-2026-10-11-v14", "scope": "Expert reference curated from the 9 October 2026 PBDB snapshot, reviewed primary literature and explicit close-relative diet inferences. Approved Expert reference; legal guesses and eligible answers remain distinct. The original sample is preserved separately.", "records": [ { "id": "157362", "name": "Aardonyx", "displayName": "Aardonyx", "attribution": "Yates et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Yates et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=157362", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Aardonyx" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "157362" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Genus included in published craniodental comparisons; broad plant dependence is supported.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Sauropodiformes › Aardonyx; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D2", "title": "Skull remains of the dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil): With comments on the early evolution of sauropodomorph feeding behaviour", "authors": "Bronzati, Müller and Langer", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; cranial description and feeding discussion read", "dietSupport": "Saturnalia retained predatory capability. Early sauropodomorph diets varied; Bagualosaurus shows an earlier shift towards greater plant consumption. Provides craniodental comparisons of multiple later plant-adapted genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn459view0", "turn465view3" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=157362", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Aardonyx", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=157362" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "157362", "genus": "Aardonyx", "occurrenceId": "711596", "collectionId": "47031", "identifiedName": "Aardonyx celestae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Aardonyx celestae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31154", "collectionReferenceId": "12502", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Senekal", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Marc's Quarry, farm Spion Kop 932 (BPI)", "collection_aka": "MQ, Spioenkop", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farm Spion Kop 932 (Spioenkop), Senekal district, northern Free State, South Africa" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Aardonyx" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "genus:157362" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "157362", "377354", "38648", "322707" ], "candidateIds": [ "157362", "377354", "38648", "322707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "407882", "name": "Abdarainurus", "displayName": "Abdarainurus", "attribution": "Averianov and Lopatin 2020", "rawAttribution": "Averianov and Lopatin 2020", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=407882", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Abdarainurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "407882" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=407882", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Abdarainurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=407882" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "407882", "genus": "Abdarainurus", "occurrenceId": "1494794", "collectionId": "207803", "identifiedName": "Abdarainurus barsboldi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Abdarainurus barsboldi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71707", "collectionReferenceId": "81065", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omngov", "county": "", "formation": "Alagteeg", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Abdrant Nuru [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Abdarain Nuru", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "layer 2 of Sochava (1975)", "geogcomments": "The Abdrant Nuru [=Abdarain Nuru in Russian transcription] locality is situated in the Ulan-Nuur Depression in the northern Gobi Desert, Mongolia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Abdarainurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "genus:407882" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "407882", "153876", "84659", "202260", "482171", "440882", "38708" ], "candidateIds": [ "407882" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "alagteeg" ], "label": "Alagteeg Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1494794", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Abdarainurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Baotianmansaurus", "Borealosaurus", "Dongyangosaurus", "Gandititan", "Hamititan", "Mongolosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Abdarainurus": [ "1494794" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "407882" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "450821", "name": "Abditosaurus", "displayName": "Abditosaurus", "attribution": "Vila et al. 2022", "rawAttribution": "Vila et al. 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=450821", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Saltasauroidea", "Lohuecosauria", "Saltasauridae", "Abditosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "71974", "455537", "498066", "64335", "450821" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=450821", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Abditosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=450821" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "450821", "genus": "Abditosaurus", "occurrenceId": "382586", "collectionId": "36380", "identifiedName": "Abditosaurus kuehnei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Abditosaurus kuehnei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79613", "collectionReferenceId": "45823", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "Conques", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Orcau-1 (Isona)", "collection_aka": "Point 5, Orcau ravine; Barranco de Orcau", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"level b\"; \"Garumnian\", in the lower gray unit\r\n\r\nThe Conques Formation is equivalent to the \"lower Red Garumen\" facies. The Conques Formation was previously assigned a late maastrichtian age (Sellés and Villa 2015; Villa et al. 2015) Biostratigraphy and Sr stable isotope geochemistry suggest that the La Posa and Conques Formation are entirely early Maastrichtian, lying within chron C31r (see Caus et al. 2016; Oms et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2019).\r\n\r\nLa Posa Fm. = early Maastrichtian (Fondevilla et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "toward the east, leaving the castle of Orcau; Tremp Basin; in the Orcau ravines, after the construction of the Tremp Dam, in a barranco that borders the road from Suterranya to Orcau; locality 5 of Lapparent and Aguirre (1956)" }, { "genusId": "450821", "genus": "Abditosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1555124", "collectionId": "36380", "identifiedName": "Abditosaurus kuehnei", "acceptedName": "Abditosaurus kuehnei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79613", "collectionReferenceId": "45823", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "Conques", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Orcau-1 (Isona)", "collection_aka": "Point 5, Orcau ravine; Barranco de Orcau", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"level b\"; \"Garumnian\", in the lower gray unit\r\n\r\nThe Conques Formation is equivalent to the \"lower Red Garumen\" facies. The Conques Formation was previously assigned a late maastrichtian age (Sellés and Villa 2015; Villa et al. 2015) Biostratigraphy and Sr stable isotope geochemistry suggest that the La Posa and Conques Formation are entirely early Maastrichtian, lying within chron C31r (see Caus et al. 2016; Oms et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2019).\r\n\r\nLa Posa Fm. = early Maastrichtian (Fondevilla et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "toward the east, leaving the castle of Orcau; Tremp Basin; in the Orcau ravines, after the construction of the Tremp Dam, in a barranco that borders the road from Suterranya to Orcau; locality 5 of Lapparent and Aguirre (1956)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Saltasauroidea", "Lohuecosauria", "Saltasauridae", "Abditosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "clade:Saltasauroidea", "clade:Lohuecosauria", "clade:Saltasauridae", "genus:450821" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "450821", "498067" ], "candidateIds": [ "450821", "498067" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "53946", "name": "Abelisaurus", "displayName": "Abelisaurus", "attribution": "Bonaparte 1984", "rawAttribution": "Bonaparte 1984", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53946", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Furileusauria", "Abelisaurinae", "Abelisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "138556", "336873", "67926", "53946" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53946", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Abelisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53946" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "53946", "genus": "Abelisaurus", "occurrenceId": "343835", "collectionId": "32339", "identifiedName": "Abelisaurus comahuensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Abelisaurus comahuensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8721", "collectionReferenceId": "63573", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "General Roca", "formation": "Allen", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Malargüe", "collection_name": "Cantera de la Pala Mécanica (MPCA)", "collection_aka": "Cinco Saltos, Lago Pellegrini", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The abelisaurid Abelisaurus comahuensis was long thought to come from the Anacleto Formation, from sedimentary beds near Pellegrini Lake (Heredia and Salgado 1999, Leanza et al., 2004). However, a recent communication referred Abelisaurus to the lower member of the Allen Formation (Delaloye and Garrido 2017). Nonetheless, Giannechini et al. (2015), following information from local farmers, raised the possibility that the Abelisaurus holotype does not come from Pellegrini Lake, and instead, belongs to a farm close to Salitral Moreno in which continental sediments from Allen Formation outcrops, however, as pointed out these authors there is no record or field notes to assert this line of evidence (Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "Lago Pellegrini stone quarries, Department of General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina, specifically the Cantera de la Pala Mécanica (now INDUPA) along the SW shore of the lake, a few km NE of Cinco Saltos" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Furileusauria", "Abelisaurinae", "Abelisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauridae", "clade:Brachyrostra", "clade:Furileusauria", "clade:Abelisaurinae", "genus:53946" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53946", "427781" ], "candidateIds": [ "53946", "427781" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38723", "name": "Abrictosaurus", "displayName": "Abrictosaurus", "attribution": "Hopson 1975", "rawAttribution": "Hopson 1975", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38723", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Heterodontosauridae", "Heterodontosaurinae", "Abrictosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "38722", "248277", "38723" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38723", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Abrictosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38723" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38723", "genus": "Abrictosaurus", "occurrenceId": "645108", "collectionId": "69695", "identifiedName": "Lycorhinus consors n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Abrictosaurus consors", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14203", "collectionReferenceId": "14203", "cc": "LS", "state": "Qacha's Nek", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Noosi (UCL)", "collection_aka": "Abrictosaurus type, Nosi", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of Red Beds", "geogcomments": "streamside exposure, Noosi village, 5.1 mi E of Whitehill, S Lesotho; located where road to Qacha's Nek crosses stream, just N of road and about 20 ft below a small waterfall" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Heterodontosauridae", "Heterodontosaurinae", "Abrictosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "path-audit-heterodontosauridae-ancestry", "rationale": "Apply the same published early ornithischian grade to core descendants and Eocursor; do not mix incompatible parents.", "references": [ { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Heterodontosauridae", "clade:Heterodontosaurinae", "genus:38723" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38723", "38725", "38727", "248276" ], "candidateIds": [ "38723", "38725", "38727", "248276" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "56458", "name": "Abrosaurus", "displayName": "Abrosaurus", "attribution": "Ouyang 1989", "rawAttribution": "Ouyang 1989", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56458", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Abrosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "53026", "56458" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56458", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Abrosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56458" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "56458", "genus": "Abrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "939383", "collectionId": "24883", "identifiedName": "Abrosaurus dongpoensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Abrosaurus dongpoensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35971", "collectionReferenceId": "6976", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry [lower]", "collection_aka": "Dashanpu Town", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating from this formation (but not this locality), Wang et al. (2018) suggested an Oxfordian age for the lower beds, rather than Middle Jurassic, with 159 ± 2 Ma as the maximum depositional age. However, from a section near the Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry, Ren et al. (2022) documented the youngest age for the zircon sample as 166.0 ± 1.59 Ma, and weighed average ages of the youngest subpopulation under the constraints of 1σ and 2σ are 170.9 ± 0.64 Ma and 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma, with a maximum confidence age of 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma selected as the final result.", "geogcomments": "Dashanpu quarry, 10 km NE of Zigong, Sichuan, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Abrosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Mamenchisauridae", "genus:56458" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "56458", "146463", "38670", "38702" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "shaximiao" ], "label": "Shaximiao Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "939383", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Abrosaurus": [ "939383" ], "Daanosaurus": [ "811556" ], "Mamenchisaurus": [ "256216", "295292", "475132", "522048", "564597", "564598", "572131", "1429041", "2063347" ], "Omeisaurus": [ "474577", "474578", "522064", "557581", "572130", "739555", "975914", "1066328", "1472810", "1639782" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Daanosaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-18" ], "Mamenchisaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-18" ], "Omeisaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-18" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "56458", "146463", "38670", "38702" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "163941", "name": "Abydosaurus", "displayName": "Abydosaurus", "attribution": "Chure et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Chure et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=163941", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Brachiosauridae", "Abydosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "38673", "163941" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=163941", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Abydosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=163941" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "163941", "genus": "Abydosaurus", "occurrenceId": "850676", "collectionId": "94550", "identifiedName": "Abydosaurus mcintoshi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Abydosaurus mcintoshi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32168", "collectionReferenceId": "32168", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "DNM 16, Dinosaur National Monument", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "27 m above base of Cedar Mountain Fm, near base of member; zircon age is middle Albian, chemostratigraphic age is early Albian.\r\nA radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ± 0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94 Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "375 m WSW of Carnegie Quarry, visitors center, Dinosaur National Monument - photo in paper shows site very precisely" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Brachiosauridae", "Abydosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Brachiosauridae", "genus:163941" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163941", "64905", "68169", "66515" ], "candidateIds": [ "163941", "64905", "68169", "66515" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "377303", "name": "Acantholipan", "displayName": "Acantholipan", "attribution": "Rivera-Sylva et al. 2018", "rawAttribution": "Rivera-Sylva et al. 2018", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=377303", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Acantholipan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "377303" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=377303", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Acantholipan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=377303" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "377303", "genus": "Acantholipan", "occurrenceId": "1066587", "collectionId": "127272", "identifiedName": "Acantholipan gonzalezi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Acantholipan gonzalezi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66935", "collectionReferenceId": "42526", "cc": "MX", "state": "Coahuila", "county": "", "formation": "Pen", "member": "", "geological_group": "Terlingua", "collection_name": "Los Primos, south of San Miguel", "collection_aka": "Ocampo", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "marine member of this formation", "geogcomments": "Los Primos, south of San Miguel, Ocampo municipality, Coahuila" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Acantholipan" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:377303" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "377303" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MX", "pen" ], "label": "Pen Formation · MX", "occurrenceId": "1066587", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Acantholipan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Acantholipan": [ "1066587" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "377303" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "53956", "name": "Achelousaurus", "displayName": "Achelousaurus", "attribution": "Sampson 1994", "rawAttribution": "Sampson 1994", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53956", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Centrosaurinae", "Pachyrhinosaurini", "Achelousaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "53953", "251723", "53956" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53956", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Achelousaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53956" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "53956", "genus": "Achelousaurus", "occurrenceId": "584095", "collectionId": "22652", "identifiedName": "Achelousaurus horneri", "acceptedName": "Achelousaurus horneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8729", "collectionReferenceId": "5724", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Blacktail Creek North, MOR TM-072", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1526, BC/N, Black Tail Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53956", "genus": "Achelousaurus", "occurrenceId": "1667749", "collectionId": "236765", "identifiedName": "Achelousaurus horneri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Achelousaurus horneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14725", "collectionReferenceId": "14725", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Achelousaurus type, MOR TM-060", "collection_aka": "Landslide Butte Field Area", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"upper lithofacies suite\", approx. 20 m below Bearpaw Fm.", "geogcomments": "approx. 40 km NW of Cut Bank" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Centrosaurinae", "Pachyrhinosaurini", "Achelousaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Centrosaurinae", "clade:Pachyrhinosaurini", "genus:53956" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53956", "53952", "38858" ], "candidateIds": [ "53956", "53952", "38858" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "283585", "name": "Acheroraptor", "displayName": "Acheroraptor", "attribution": "Evans et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Evans et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=283585", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Velociraptorinae", "Acheroraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "143994", "54553", "283585" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=283585", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Acheroraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=283585" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "283585", "genus": "Acheroraptor", "occurrenceId": "280103", "collectionId": "26760", "identifiedName": "Acheroraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Acheroraptor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84885", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Grave bonebed, Hanson Ranch", "collection_aka": "Edmontosaurus bonebed, Dragons' Grave, Roxson, HR", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY. Includes five quarries from the same bonebed: North (N), South (S), Southeast (SE), West (W), and Teague (T) plus three exploratory quarries to determine extent: Toe, Neufeld (Neu), and DKC." }, { "genusId": "283585", "genus": "Acheroraptor", "occurrenceId": "1182422", "collectionId": "152397", "identifiedName": "Acheroraptor temertyorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Acheroraptor temertyorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49049", "collectionReferenceId": "49049", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield County", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "45 km southwest of Jordan (NCD01)", "collection_aka": "Acheroraptor temertyorum type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "The holotype was found in strata of the Hell Creek Formation (Upper Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous)", "geogcomments": "Approximately 45 km southwest of the town of Jordan, Garfield County, MT, USA. ROM 53665 from same deposit, but 0.6 km away" }, { "genusId": "283585", "genus": "Acheroraptor", "occurrenceId": "1588484", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Acheroraptor temertyorum", "acceptedName": "Acheroraptor temertyorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Velociraptorinae", "Acheroraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Eudromaeosauria", "clade:Velociraptorinae", "genus:283585" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "283585", "413090", "38564" ], "candidateIds": [ "283585", "413090", "38564" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "133925", "name": "Achillesaurus", "displayName": "Achillesaurus", "attribution": "Martinelli and Vera 2007", "rawAttribution": "Martinelli and Vera 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=133925", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Achillesaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "162354", "64116", "133925" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. Animal-based feeding is the broad guild; later derived small forms may specialise on insects. Insectivore is a qualified subtype, not proof of exclusively ants or termites. Explicit early-genus profiles override this rule.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "205433", "name": "Acristavus", "displayName": "Acristavus", "attribution": "Gates et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Gates et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=205433", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Brachylophosaurini", "Acristavus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "205434", "205433" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38597", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Acrocanthosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38597" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "260040", "collectionId": "25147", "identifiedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7057", "collectionReferenceId": "7057", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "McCurtain", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Idabel (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower part of formation\"", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality near Idabel, McCurtain Co., OK." }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "260041", "collectionId": "25148", "identifiedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7059", "collectionReferenceId": "7059", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Arnold farm, OMNH V67", "collection_aka": "Acrocanthosaurus paratype site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SE part of SW 1/4 of Section 26, T4S, R14E (OK Indian meridian), on Herman Arnold's farm, " }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "260042", "collectionId": "25149", "identifiedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7059", "collectionReferenceId": "7059", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Cochran farm, OMNH V68", "collection_aka": "Acrocanthosaurus holotype site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "3/4 mile east of paratype site (SE part of SW 1/4 of section 26, T4S, R14E, Oklahoma Indian meridian), Atoka County, OK" }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "468623", "collectionId": "14392", "identifiedName": "Acrocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12427", "collectionReferenceId": "1212", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "middle", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "McLeod Prison (OMNH V706), Tomato Hill", "collection_aka": "Howard McLeod Correctional Center; HMCC; McLeod 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "said to be late Aptian to early Albian\r\nmicrovertebrates (V706) are from \"1-1.5 m below the dinosaur-bearing horizon\" (Nydam and Cifelli 2002b)", "geogcomments": "\"Tomato Hill,\" a vocational training center for the Howard McLeod Correctional Center, 23 km WSW of Antlers" }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498920", "collectionId": "50498", "identifiedName": "? Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81898", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-19, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 118", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 0-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 30 yds NW of YPM 63-18" }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "509484", "collectionId": "51709", "identifiedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13773", "collectionReferenceId": "13773", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Parker", "formation": "Twin Mountains", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Hobson Ranch, SMU Loc. 261", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "130 m below nearest outcrop of overlying Glen Rose Limestone; upper Twin Mountains Fm.", "geogcomments": "Hobson Ranch, Parker County west of Forth Worth (exact locality on file at SMU). Near Weatherford." }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1332073", "collectionId": "13105", "identifiedName": "Acrocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92218", "collectionReferenceId": "27971", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Cochise", "formation": "Turney Ranch", "member": "", "geological_group": "Bisbee", "collection_name": "\"Sonorasaurus\" site, Whetstone Mountains", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "southwest foothills of Whetstone Mountains, SE Arizona" }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1576884", "collectionId": "60815", "identifiedName": "cf. Acrocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78389", "collectionReferenceId": "78389", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Price River III site (Utah Em273)", "collection_aka": "PR-3", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Overall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "site in Carbon Co. SE of Price, at N end of San Rafael Swell, but est'd coordinates are in Emery Co., located SE of Wellington, UT" }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1578501", "collectionId": "222851", "identifiedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78417", "collectionReferenceId": "14027", "cc": "US", "state": "Arkansas", "county": "Howard", "formation": "Holly Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Weyerhaeuser Briar Plant Quarry [Holly Creek]", "collection_aka": "ca. 18 km NNW Nashville, Briar Mining Site, CertainTeed Mining", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "In Arkansas, the Trinity Group consists of the Delight Sand/Pike Gravel, the Dierks Limestone, the Holly Creek Formation (which interfingers with the Ultima Thule Gravel), the De Queen Formation, and the Paluxy Formation (Vanderpool, 1928; Miser & Purdue, 1929; McFarland, 2004).\r\nThe upper part of the Holly Creek Formation, at least, is thought to be Albian in age. This is based on similarity of the oyster assemblage (Ostrea franklini) to that found in the overlying De Queen Formation (Miser & Purdue, 1929), suggesting an Albian age for the upper boundary of the Holly Creek Formation. Also, the presence of the foraminiferan Orbitolina texana in the Ferry Lake Anhydrite, a correlative unit to anhydrite beds of the lower De Queen Formation, and the presence of the ammonite Douvilleiceras sp. within the De Queen Formation units at the CertainTeed mine, support an Albian age (Loucks & Longman, 1982; Pittman, 1984, 1985).", "geogcomments": "In the 1980s, during the course of field investigations on the De Queen sauropod trackways (Pittman & Gillette, 1989), one of us (JGP) collected vertebrate remains and fossiliferous rock matrix from the upper part of the Holly Creek Formation, which cropped out in a drainage ditch excavated by the mining company (formerly Briar Mining Site, now CertainTeed Mining) in association with a reservoir to hold wastewater and mined residues." }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1583992", "collectionId": "223865", "identifiedName": "? Acrocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78851", "collectionReferenceId": "78851", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "McLeod south", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "south of Arnold's Bottom, at the Howard McLeod Correctional Center" }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1599669", "collectionId": "50496", "identifiedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81898", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-18, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 115", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 2-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 20 yds NW of YPM 63-17. Includes UM 20797, from 20 m SE of site and same horizon" }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1620756", "collectionId": "14376", "identifiedName": "Acrocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66681", "collectionReferenceId": "83879", "cc": "US", "state": "Maryland", "county": "Prince George's", "formation": "Arundel Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Potomac", "collection_name": "Cherokee-Sanford Brick Clay Pit (USNM Loc. 41614, 41615)", "collection_aka": "Hotton locality; Dinosaur Park, M-NCPPC, Washington Brick Company; Muirkirk", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Palynology of the Potomac Group suggests a late Aptian age for the Arundel facies (Brenner, 1963; Doyle and Robbins, 1977; Hochuli et al., 2006; Doyle, 2012)\r\nArundel Clay facies of the Patuxent Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous).", "geogcomments": "\"east of US route 1 and south of Contee Road, Muirkirk\"; \"on south side of B & O tracks in Muirkirk.\"\r\nStation 16 in Brenner (1963).\r\nUSNM locality 41614 (39°04'14\"N 76°52'08\"W), open-pit clay mine near Muirkirk, near the O'Brien and Hooff ore banks in Singewald (1911). Later the Washington Brick Company brick pit, then the Cherokee-Sanford Brick Clay Pit, presently Dinosaur Park (M-NCPPC)i" }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1620781", "collectionId": "50496", "identifiedName": "? Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81898", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-18, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 115", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 2-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 20 yds NW of YPM 63-17. Includes UM 20797, from 20 m SE of site and same horizon" }, { "genusId": "38597", "genus": "Acrocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1645304", "collectionId": "14376", "identifiedName": "Acrocanthosaurus cf. atokensis", "acceptedName": "Acrocanthosaurus atokensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "87438", "collectionReferenceId": "83879", "cc": "US", "state": "Maryland", "county": "Prince George's", "formation": "Arundel Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Potomac", "collection_name": "Cherokee-Sanford Brick Clay Pit (USNM Loc. 41614, 41615)", "collection_aka": "Hotton locality; Dinosaur Park, M-NCPPC, Washington Brick Company; Muirkirk", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Palynology of the Potomac Group suggests a late Aptian age for the Arundel facies (Brenner, 1963; Doyle and Robbins, 1977; Hochuli et al., 2006; Doyle, 2012)\r\nArundel Clay facies of the Patuxent Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous).", "geogcomments": "\"east of US route 1 and south of Contee Road, Muirkirk\"; \"on south side of B & O tracks in Muirkirk.\"\r\nStation 16 in Brenner (1963).\r\nUSNM locality 41614 (39°04'14\"N 76°52'08\"W), open-pit clay mine near Muirkirk, near the O'Brien and Hooff ore banks in Singewald (1911). Later the Washington Brick Company brick pit, then the Cherokee-Sanford Brick Clay Pit, presently Dinosaur Park (M-NCPPC)i" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Acrocanthosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Carcharodontosauridae", "genus:38597" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38597", "38576", "54540", "440804", "77205", "345410", "58907" ], "candidateIds": [ "38597" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "antlers" ], "label": "Antlers Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "468623", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Acrocanthosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Carcharodontosaurus", "Giganotosaurus", "Lajasvenator", "Mapusaurus", "Taurovenator", "Unquillosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Acrocanthosaurus": [ "260040", "260041", "260042", "468623", "1583992" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38597" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "267728", "name": "Acrotholus", "displayName": "Acrotholus", "attribution": "Evans et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Evans et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=267728", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosauridae", "Pachycephalosaurinae", "Acrotholus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38782", "38783", "67626", "267728" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=267728", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Acrotholus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=267728" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "267728", "genus": "Acrotholus", "occurrenceId": "1135009", "collectionId": "125521", "identifiedName": "Acrotholus audeti n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Acrotholus audeti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46763", "collectionReferenceId": "40783", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Black Coulee", "collection_aka": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "ca. 10 km E of Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, Alberta" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosauridae", "Pachycephalosaurinae", "Acrotholus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57222", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Agilisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57222" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "57222", "genus": "Agilisaurus", "occurrenceId": "402860", "collectionId": "24883", "identifiedName": "Agilisaurus louderbacki n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Agilisaurus louderbacki", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10370", "collectionReferenceId": "6976", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry [lower]", "collection_aka": "Dashanpu Town", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating from this formation (but not this locality), Wang et al. (2018) suggested an Oxfordian age for the lower beds, rather than Middle Jurassic, with 159 ± 2 Ma as the maximum depositional age. However, from a section near the Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry, Ren et al. (2022) documented the youngest age for the zircon sample as 166.0 ± 1.59 Ma, and weighed average ages of the youngest subpopulation under the constraints of 1σ and 2σ are 170.9 ± 0.64 Ma and 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma, with a maximum confidence age of 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma selected as the final result.", "geogcomments": "Dashanpu quarry, 10 km NE of Zigong, Sichuan, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Agilisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "genus:57222" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "474946", "519526", "424322", "53226", "52891" ], "candidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "53226", "52891" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "shaximiao" ], "label": "Shaximiao Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "402860", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Agilisaurus", "Hexinlusaurus", "Xiaosaurus", "Yandusaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Minimocursor", "Pulaosaurus", "Sanxiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Agilisaurus": [ "402860" ], "Hexinlusaurus": [ "402859" ], "Xiaosaurus": [ "402865" ], "Yandusaurus": [ "545083", "1404246" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57222", "71336", "53226", "52891" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "53364", "name": "Agnosphitys", "displayName": "Agnosphitys", "attribution": "Fraser et al. 2002", "rawAttribution": "Fraser et al. 2002", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53364", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Guaibasauridae", "Agnosphitys" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "66572", "53364" ], "diet": { "values": [], "status": "unresolved", "rationale": "Association and stable phylogenetic identity need resolution before inferring diet.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Guaibasauridae › Agnosphitys; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "I1", "title": "Basal dinosauriform remains from Britain and the diagnosis of the Dinosauria", "authors": "Fraser, Padian, Walkden and Davis", "year": 2002, "doi": "10.1111/1475-4983.00228", "url": "https://palass.org/publications/palaeontology-journal/archive/45/1/article_pp79-95", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Agnosphitys consists of isolated associated elements; diet should not be asserted from a broad unstable placement. This is identity/placement context, not a diet demonstration.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view0" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-evidence", "qualifier": null, "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53364", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Agnosphitys", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53364" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "53364", "genus": "Agnosphitys", "occurrenceId": "261810", "collectionId": "25298", "identifiedName": "Agnosphitys cromhallensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Agnosphitys cromhallensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7095", "collectionReferenceId": "17019", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cromhall Quarry (1990 fill)", "collection_aka": "Slickstones", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Whiteside & Marshall (2008) argue for a Rhaetian age based upon the shared presence of Planocephalosaurus with deposits at Tytherington dated as Rhaetian on the basis of palynomorphs, and the presence of fish remains that are typical of the Rhaetian Penarth Group. \r\n\r\nMorton et al. 2017: biostratigraphy of conchostracans from the fissure deposits of Cromhall Quarry also support a late Rhaetian age", "geogcomments": "OS coordinates ST 704 916. This locality is the new fissure fill discovered in 1990. " } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "diet", "reason": "No defensible diet clue is currently supported." } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Guaibasauridae", "Agnosphitys" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Guaibasauridae", "genus:53364" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "112568", "name": "Agujaceratops", "displayName": "Agujaceratops", "attribution": "Lucas et al. 2006", "rawAttribution": "Lucas et al. 2006", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=112568", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Agujaceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "52773", "112568" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=112568", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Agujaceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=112568" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Lehman et al. (2017), New specimens from the Aguja Formation and a revision of Agujaceratops", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14772019.2016.1210683", "access": "Publisher abstract" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "112568", "genus": "Agujaceratops", "occurrenceId": "229342", "collectionId": "22709", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus mariscalensis", "acceptedName": "Agujaceratops mariscalensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5684", "collectionReferenceId": "5684", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "WPA Quarry L1, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1584, WPA 1 bonebed, Fresno Creek, LSUMNH 20010", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, near base of section", "geogcomments": "NW flank of Talley Mtn., S side of Glenn Spring/Castalon Road NE of where it crosses Fresno Creek" }, { "genusId": "112568", "genus": "Agujaceratops", "occurrenceId": "259283", "collectionId": "25073", "identifiedName": "Agujaceratops mavericus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Agujaceratops mavericus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89714", "collectionReferenceId": "7029", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Windy City, Rattlesnake Mountain, Big Bend", "collection_aka": "LSUMG 842, VL-842, TMM 43098, TxVP 43098", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Windy City, southwest of Rattlesnake Mountain, Big Bend National Park. Site is near S end of \"Purple Hill\", near Rattlesnake Mtn." }, { "genusId": "112568", "genus": "Agujaceratops", "occurrenceId": "487484", "collectionId": "48941", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus mariscalensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Agujaceratops mariscalensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14107", "collectionReferenceId": "68428", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "WPA Quarry L3 (TMM)", "collection_aka": "Glenn Spring", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near base of section", "geogcomments": "Big Bend NP, Brewster Co., W of WPA Quarry L1, NW of Talley Mtn., S side of Glenn Spring/Castalon Road" }, { "genusId": "112568", "genus": "Agujaceratops", "occurrenceId": "517527", "collectionId": "52462", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus mariscalensis", "acceptedName": "Agujaceratops mariscalensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14107", "collectionReferenceId": "14107", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "TMM 42303, NW Talley Mtn.", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Big Bend NP, Brewster Co., near quarries WPA 1 & 3, NW of Talley Mtn." }, { "genusId": "112568", "genus": "Agujaceratops", "occurrenceId": "517528", "collectionId": "52463", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus mariscalensis", "acceptedName": "Agujaceratops mariscalensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14107", "collectionReferenceId": "14107", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "TMM 42534, SW Rattlesnake Mtn.", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW of Rattlesnake Mtn., Brewster Co., Big Bend NP" }, { "genusId": "112568", "genus": "Agujaceratops", "occurrenceId": "517529", "collectionId": "52464", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus mariscalensis", "acceptedName": "Agujaceratops mariscalensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14107", "collectionReferenceId": "14107", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "TMM 41838, NE Sierra Aguja", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE of Sierra Aguja, Brewster Co., Big Bend NP" }, { "genusId": "112568", "genus": "Agujaceratops", "occurrenceId": "850791", "collectionId": "94373", "identifiedName": "Agujaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Agujaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32091", "collectionReferenceId": "32091", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "East of WPA 1 Quarry", "collection_aka": "LSUMNS 20012", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "1 km east of WPA 1 bonebed; coordinates based on WPA 1" }, { "genusId": "112568", "genus": "Agujaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1606508", "collectionId": "35353", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus mariscalensis", "acceptedName": "Agujaceratops mariscalensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82641", "collectionReferenceId": "82641", "cc": "MX", "state": "Chihuahua", "county": "", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Los Altares", "collection_aka": "Manuel Benavides", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper part of Aguja Formation", "geogcomments": "Altares, NE corner of Chihuahua, just S of the Rio Bravo, Mexico. Manuel Benavides municipality." }, { "genusId": "112568", "genus": "Agujaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1606846", "collectionId": "227230", "identifiedName": "cf. Chasmosaurus mariscalensis", "acceptedName": "Agujaceratops mariscalensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82688", "collectionReferenceId": "82688", "cc": "MX", "state": "Chihuahua", "county": "", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Parque Nacional Cañon de Santa Elena", "collection_aka": "Ojinaga", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Parque Nacional Cañon de Santa Elena, Ojinaga" }, { "genusId": "112568", "genus": "Agujaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1667790", "collectionId": "236769", "identifiedName": "Agujaceratops mariscalensis", "acceptedName": "Agujaceratops mariscalensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89714", "collectionReferenceId": "89714", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "TMM 46502, Bruja Canyon", "collection_aka": "Big Bend NP", "geogscale": 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Lambeosaurinae", "clade:Arenysaurini", "genus:428182" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "428182", "484242", "520797" ], "candidateIds": [ "428182", "484242", "520797" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "377176", "name": "Akainacephalus", "displayName": "Akainacephalus", "attribution": "Wiersma and Irmis 2018", "rawAttribution": "Wiersma and Irmis 2018", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=377176", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Ankylosaurini", "Akainacephalus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52798", "363980", "377176" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=377176", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Akainacephalus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=377176" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "377176", "genus": "Akainacephalus", "occurrenceId": "1418875", "collectionId": "196592", "identifiedName": "Akainacephalus johnsoni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Akainacephalus johnsoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66889", "collectionReferenceId": "66889", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UMNH VP Loc. 1109, HMG Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower portion of the middle unit of the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation. The stratigraphic position of this site is approximately 190 m from the base of the formation (Roberts et al., 2013: fig. 6.3) and within approximately one meter stratigraphic proximity of bentonite ash bed KP-07, which has produced a U-Pb zircon age of 76.26 ± 0.10 Ma (Roberts et al., 2013), providing a precise age constraint for Akainacephalus johnsoni.", "geogcomments": "Horse Mountain area" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Ankylosaurini", "Akainacephalus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "clade:Ankylosaurinae", "clade:Ankylosaurini", "genus:377176" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377176", "320257" ], "candidateIds": [ "377176", "320257" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38683", "name": "Alamosaurus", "displayName": "Alamosaurus", "attribution": "Gilmore 1922", "rawAttribution": "Gilmore 1922", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38683", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Saltasauroidea", "Lohuecosauria", "Saltasauridae", "Saltasaurinae", "Alamosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "71974", "455537", "498066", "64335", "58925", "38683" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38683", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Alamosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38683" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463300", "collectionId": "45718", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12090", "collectionReferenceId": "65451", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "North Horn", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "southwest toe, North Horn Mountain", "collection_aka": "1937 Smithsonian Paleontological Expedition, USNM 15560", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "SW toe of North Horn Mtn., Manti National Forest, Emery Co., UT" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463303", "collectionId": "45721", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12090", "collectionReferenceId": "14585", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "North Horn", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "South Dragon Canyon, \"lizard locality\"", "collection_aka": "1937 Smithsonian Paleontological Expedition, CM Loc. 3022", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "S 1/2, Sec 17, T19S, R6E; South Dragon Valley" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463306", "collectionId": "45722", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12090", "collectionReferenceId": "12090", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "North Horn", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Alamosaurus locality, South Dragon Valley", "collection_aka": "1939 Smithsonian Expedition, North Horn Mountain, Sauropod Locality", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "South Dragon Valley, North Horn Mtn, Emery Co., UT; NE 1/4, Sec 12, T19S, R5E" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "472683", "collectionId": "14518", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23604", "collectionReferenceId": "23604", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "BUNM-77-675 (NMMNH L-929)", "collection_aka": "Alamo Wash (in part), Rick's Site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T24N, R11W, sec 18, NE 1/4, NW 1/4; about 1.5 km SW of Ojo Alamo, = Rick's Site" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "472698", "collectionId": "46992", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14569", "collectionReferenceId": "14568", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Barrel Springs arroyo (UNM V-143)", "collection_aka": "Alamosaurus type site, Bauer 67, NMMNH Loc. L-4225", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from lower part of layer at this site\r\n\r\nFlynn et al. 2020: The mammalian faunas of the Naashoibito Member correlates to the Lancian Land Mammal Age, which suggests a late Maastrichtian age (Williamson and Weil, 2008a). Paleobotanical analyses on the megaflora and pollen indicates that the Ojo Alamo Sandstone is earliest Paleocene in age and is correlated with palynostratigraphic zones P1 or P2 ( Anderson, 1959; Nichols, 2003; Williamson et al., 2008; Flynn and Peppe, in press). Recent detrital sanidine and paleomagnetic work has constrained the Naashoibito Member to the latest Maastrichtian indicating the K/Pg boundary is represented by the unconformity between the Naashoibito Member and the Ojo Alamo Sandstone (Peppe et al., 2013; Flynn et al., 2019). These data, coupled with previous sedimentological analyses, demonstrate that the Naashoibito Member is late Maastrichtian in age and the Ojo Alamo Sandstone is early Paleocene in age with an erosive unconformity, that cuts out the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, separating the two units", "geogcomments": "T24N, R11W, sec 17, NW 1/4, SW 1/4; N side of Barrel Springs arroyo (= De-na-zin Wash), 1 mi S of Ojo Alamo" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "472832", "collectionId": "47010", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12486", "collectionReferenceId": "12486", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UNM 77-505", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T24N,R12W,sec3, NE 1/4, NW 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "479717", "collectionId": "47815", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12807", "collectionReferenceId": "12807", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-1671", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Provenance uncertain: originally reported as from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation (Lucas and Sullivan), but probably an error (Williamson and Weil 2008)", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 34, T24N, R13W" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "479718", "collectionId": "47817", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12807", "collectionReferenceId": "12807", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-4224", "collection_aka": "JH-3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to De-na-zin Member", "geogcomments": "from a ridge running parallel to road that crosses De-na-zin Wash (N-S); center, NE 1/4, NW 1/4, NE 1/4, sec 12 T24N, R12W" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "479719", "collectionId": "47818", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12807", "collectionReferenceId": "12807", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 363a", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "479748", "collectionId": "47819", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12807", "collectionReferenceId": "12807", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 319b", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513908", "collectionId": "52087", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13959", "collectionReferenceId": "13959", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Black Peaks", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tornillo", "collection_name": "TMM 43621-1, North Grapevine Hills (170 m)", "collection_aka": " Big Bend N.P.", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Just below the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary and approx. 50 m above the Javelina Formation; located about 90 meters above a tuff dated as 69.0 ± 0.9 Ma (U-Pb) (late Edmontonian to Lancian NALMA)", "geogcomments": "a small hill, N of Grapevine Hills, in Big Bend National Park, TX" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513911", "collectionId": "52090", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13959", "collectionReferenceId": "13959", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "North Grapevine Hills (110 m), Big Bend N.P.", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "located about 25 meters above a tuff dated as 69.0 ± 0.9 Ma (U-Pb) (late Edmontonian to Lancian NALMA)", "geogcomments": "North Grapevine Hills, in Big Bend National Park, TX" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513913", "collectionId": "52091", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13959", "collectionReferenceId": "85562", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "North Grapevine Hills (80 m), Big Bend N.P.", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "located a few meters below a tuff dated as 69.0 ± 0.9 Ma (U-Pb) (late Edmontonian to Lancian NALMA)", "geogcomments": "North Grapevine Hills, in Big Bend National Park, TX" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "529517", "collectionId": "54103", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14618", "collectionReferenceId": "14618", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH Loc. 4496, Bentonnie Tsosie Wash", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534503", "collectionId": "55289", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6835", "collectionReferenceId": "6835", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sierra", "formation": "McRae", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "TKM007, Elephant Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found at the boundary of the Hall Lake Member and Jose Creek Member\r\nAmato et al. 2017 dated Jose Creek member and lower Hall Lake member of the McRae Formation to Late Campanian", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "586582", "collectionId": "61847", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17861", "collectionReferenceId": "17861", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tornillo Flats, Big Bend NP (UT-Dallas)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Tornillo Flats area of Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "650582", "collectionId": "70335", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23604", "collectionReferenceId": "23604", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Barrel Springs Arroyo, UNM V-069", "collection_aka": "NMMNH Loc. L-4226", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from lower part of layer at this site", "geogcomments": "just N of Alamosaurus type locality, Barrel Springs arroyo (= De-na-zin Wash), 1 mi S of Ojo Alamo" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "788611", "collectionId": "85189", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28672", "collectionReferenceId": "28672", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tornillo", "collection_name": "TMM 40597, Tornillo Flat, Big Bend NP", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower third of the Tornillo Group\", and low in the Javelina Fm.", "geogcomments": "Tornillo Flat, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "788613", "collectionId": "85191", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28672", "collectionReferenceId": "28672", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tornillo", "collection_name": "TMM 41398, Tornillo Flat, Big Bend NP", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower third of the Tornillo Group\"", "geogcomments": "Tornillo Flat, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "980828", "collectionId": "117451", "identifiedName": "? Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "38490", "collectionReferenceId": "38490", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH locality 6553", "collection_aka": "?Alamosaurus pes locality", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near the southern edge of “South Mesa,” near the “Barnum Brown Amphitheater” in the Bisti/De Na Zin Wilderness Area" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1000851", "collectionId": "97795", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "38769", "collectionReferenceId": "33791", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 410b, Willow Wash", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "a few meters above the base of the Naashoibito Member (Ojo Alamo Formation)", "geogcomments": "approx. sec 1, T24N, R12W, head of Willow Wash, San Juan Basin; Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1000852", "collectionId": "121580", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "38769", "collectionReferenceId": "38769", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP loc. 389b, Willow Wash", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Willow Wash (SMP loc. 389b)" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1000853", "collectionId": "121581", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "38769", "collectionReferenceId": "38769", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP loc. 884b", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "De−na−zin Wash (SMP loc. 884b)" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1251417", "collectionId": "165198", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1135", "collectionReferenceId": "1135", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "3 miles northeast of Grapevine Ranch", "collection_aka": "Big Bend", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Said to come from the \"upper Aguja\", but provenance unclear - given distribution of other titanosaurs in North America, and other units in Big Bend area, potentially more likely to be from Ojo Alamo Formation", "geogcomments": "ca. 3 mi NE of Grapevine Ranch, Big Bend National Park, TX" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1252648", "collectionId": "165562", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus cf. sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85562", "collectionReferenceId": "54129", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tornillo", "collection_name": "TMM Loc. 41541", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "in the general vicinity of Grapevine Hills, in Big Bend National Park, TX" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1284951", "collectionId": "171027", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12807", "collectionReferenceId": "12807", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 360b", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1331516", "collectionId": "179272", "identifiedName": "? Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59352", "collectionReferenceId": "59352", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UNM 77-492", "collection_aka": "north Willow Wash", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UNM 77-492, along north bank of WIllow Wash" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1410231", "collectionId": "138836", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "44515", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 384b, De-na-zin Microsite (S)", "collection_aka": "Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality within the Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1410237", "collectionId": "138834", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "44513", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 392b, De-na-zin Wash (SE)", "collection_aka": "Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality within the Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1411227", "collectionId": "194978", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "66250", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "head of Willow Wash, SMP loc. 376b", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"at the heads of Hunter, Willow, Alamo, and De-na-zin washes\" (Willow Wash used for coordinate)" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1572028", "collectionId": "222071", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "66250", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sandoval", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-6501", "collection_aka": "UALP 7791", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1572136", "collectionId": "222089", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "66250", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-1585", "collection_aka": "SGL 77-048, BUNM 77-0497", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1586556", "collectionId": "224185", "identifiedName": "? Alamosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79241", "collectionReferenceId": "79241", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "North Horn", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "southeast of Flagstaff Peak", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "southeast of Flagstaff Peak, in secs. 29 and 30, T. 20 S., R. 6 E, ca. 10 mi. W of the earlier dinosaur localities on North Horn Mtn.; also indicated on map as locality 1 - highest dinosaur bone, W part of sec. 29" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1604989", "collectionId": "226999", "identifiedName": "cf. Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82409", "collectionReferenceId": "82409", "cc": "MX", "state": "Chihuahua", "county": "", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MUDECH-2, 23 km SE of Manuel Benavides", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "23 km southeast of the town of Manuel Benavides; municipality of Manuel Benavides, Chihuahua, Mexico." }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1631435", "collectionId": "231098", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85562", "collectionReferenceId": "85562", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tornillo", "collection_name": "Paint Gap Hills (Javelina Fm.)", "collection_aka": "Big Bend NP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in Paint Gap Hills" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1631436", "collectionId": "231099", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85562", "collectionReferenceId": "85562", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tornillo", "collection_name": "Dagger Flat (Javelina Fm.)", "collection_aka": "Big Bend N.P.", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "three fossiliferous horizons", "geogcomments": "unspecified location on Dagger Flat, Big Bend Park, Brewster Co., Texas" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1631438", "collectionId": "231100", "identifiedName": "Alamosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85562", "collectionReferenceId": "85562", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tornillo", "collection_name": "Canoe (Javelina Fm.)", "collection_aka": "Big Bend N.P.", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Big Bend National Park; T8; prominent SE-plunging syncline W of highway, N part of Tornillo Flat; = Canoe" }, { "genusId": "38683", "genus": "Alamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1645200", "collectionId": "233251", "identifiedName": "cf. Alamosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alamosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "87407", "collectionReferenceId": "87407", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sierra", "formation": "Hall Lake", "member": "", "geological_group": "McRae", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-11834 [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "SGL 014-086", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Truth or Consequences 85 quad" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Saltasauroidea", "Lohuecosauria", "Saltasauridae", "Saltasaurinae", "Alamosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "clade:Saltasauroidea", "clade:Lohuecosauria", "clade:Saltasauridae", "clade:Saltasaurinae", "genus:38683" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "candidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "137133", "name": "Alaskacephale", "displayName": "Alaskacephale", "attribution": "Sullivan 2006", "rawAttribution": "Sullivan 2006", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=137133", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosauridae", "Pachycephalosaurini", "Alaskacephale" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38782", "38783", "67697", "137133" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=267486", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Albertadromeus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=267486" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "267486", "genus": "Albertadromeus", "occurrenceId": "1134765", "collectionId": "144510", "identifiedName": "Albertadromeus syntarsus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertadromeus syntarsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46723", "collectionReferenceId": "46723", "cc": "US", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Canal Creek", "collection_aka": "Pinhorn Provincial Grazing Reserve, Albertadromeus syntarsus type locality ", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "Upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Orodrominae", "Albertadromeus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Thescelosauridae", "clade:Orodrominae", "genus:267486" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "candidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "470379", "name": "Albertavenator", "displayName": "Albertavenator", "attribution": "Evans et al. 2017", "rawAttribution": "Evans et al. 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=470379", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Troodontini", "Albertavenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "379275", "518011", "470379" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=470379", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Albertavenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=470379" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "470379", "genus": "Albertavenator", "occurrenceId": "575887", "collectionId": "60563", "identifiedName": "Albertavenator curriei", "acceptedName": "Albertavenator curriei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84397", "collectionReferenceId": "17404", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "RTMP L2000, Horsethief Canyon", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Horsethief Canyon, near Drumheller in the Red Deer Valley" }, { "genusId": "470379", "genus": "Albertavenator", "occurrenceId": "1624558", "collectionId": "229870", "identifiedName": "Albertavenator curriei", "acceptedName": "Albertavenator curriei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84397", "collectionReferenceId": "84397", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Felber Troodontid Site 2", "collection_aka": "FTS-2, Felber-Dohy Troodontid Site 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farther north than L2000 in Horsethief Canyon, near the Morrin Bridge. Site is \"in Treaty 7 Territory, the traditional home of the Kanai (Blood), Tsuu T’ina (Sacree), Siksika (Blackfoot), Piikani (Peigan), and Nakoda (Stoney) First Nations, and Métis Nation.\" (GPS: 12U 368023, 5726540, WGS 84)" }, { "genusId": "470379", "genus": "Albertavenator", "occurrenceId": "1625079", "collectionId": "229966", "identifiedName": "Albertavenator curriei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertavenator curriei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84517", "collectionReferenceId": "84517", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "25 m northeast of Bleriot Ferry bonebed", "collection_aka": "Day Digs", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "level of coal zone 8", "geogcomments": "25 m NE of the BF Bonebed occurs, E side of the river, just S of the Bleriot Ferry (Provincial Highway 838)" }, { "genusId": "470379", "genus": "Albertavenator", "occurrenceId": "1625080", "collectionId": "152270", "identifiedName": "Albertavenator curriei", "acceptedName": "Albertavenator curriei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84517", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Morrin Bridge", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "at the level of coal zones 8–9", "geogcomments": "near Morrin Bridge. TRMP database for Albertosaurus specimen: sec. 34, T30N, R21W, W 4th meridian." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Troodontini", "Albertavenator" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Troodontinae", "clade:Troodontini", "genus:470379" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470379", "38572", "518010" ], "candidateIds": [ "470379", "38572", "518010" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "140785", "name": "Albertonykus", "displayName": "Albertonykus", "attribution": "Longrich and Currie 2009", "rawAttribution": "Longrich and Currie 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=140785", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Albertonykus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "162354", "64116", "140785" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. Animal-based feeding is the broad guild; later derived small forms may specialise on insects. Insectivore is a qualified subtype, not proof of exclusively ants or termites. Explicit early-genus profiles override this rule.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] }, { "id": "G3", "title": "Growth and miniaturization among alvarezsauroid dinosaurs", "authors": "Qin et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "citation verified in D6; full paper not read in this task", "dietSupport": "Used only as background for the later miniaturisation/insectivory hypothesis; not sufficient alone to assign a particular genus an exclusive insect diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=140785", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Albertonykus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=140785" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "140785", "genus": "Albertonykus", "occurrenceId": "796106", "collectionId": "55363", "identifiedName": "Albertonykus borealis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertonykus borealis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29124", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Albertosaurus Bonebed, Dry Island Buffalo Jump", "collection_aka": "Albertosaurus Quarry, Big Valley Creek, ABB, RTMP L2204", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from transition between Units 4 and 5, HCF \"B\", should be top of Tolman Mb.", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection # 52468, near Dry Island, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "140785", "genus": "Albertonykus", "occurrenceId": "1588489", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "cf. Albertonykus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertonykus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Albertonykus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "alvarezsaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Add conventional maniraptoran ancestors; this is chosen game topology, not proof every competing high-level analysis is false.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Alvarezsauria", "clade:Alvarezsauroidea", "clade:Alvarezsauridae", "genus:140785" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "candidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38607", "name": "Albertosaurus", "displayName": "Albertosaurus", "attribution": "Osborn 1905", "rawAttribution": "Osborn 1905", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38607", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Albertosaurinae", "Albertosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "38606", "67658", "38607" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38607", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Albertosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38607" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/albertosaurus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139255", "collectionId": "11898", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9259", "collectionReferenceId": "25123", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "east bank Red Deer River, GSC (NMC 5601)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Edmonton Formation (\"Edmonton B\")", "geogcomments": "unknown section, township 33, range 22, W 4th meridian; east bank of Red Deer River, about 21 mi above mouth of Kneehills Creek (= Knee Hills Creek) between Morrin and Tolman bridges" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139256", "collectionId": "11899", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4205", "collectionReferenceId": "54104", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Morrin", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "2 miles below Tolman Ferry (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation (\"Edmonton B\"); 350 feet below top", "geogcomments": "section 12?, township 33, range 22, W 4th meridian; 150 feet above east bank of Red Deer River, 2 miles below Tolman Ferry" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139257", "collectionId": "11900", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus arctunguis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12347", "collectionReferenceId": "12347", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "2.5 miles above Bleriot ferry, Red Deer River (ROM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation (\"Edmonton A\"), 8 coal", "geogcomments": "section 27 or 34, township 30, range 21, W 4th meridian. 100 feet above west bank of Red Deer River. 2.5 miles above Bleriot ferry (possibly from Kneehills Creek)" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139258", "collectionId": "11901", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9259", "collectionReferenceId": "25123", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Bleriot", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Kneehills Creek, GSC (NMC 5600)", "collection_aka": "Knee Hills Creek, Kirkpatrick Coulee, Dunphy", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of Edmonton Formation (\"Edmonton A\"); 7-8 coal", "geogcomments": "section 11?, township 29, range 21, W. 4th meridian; approximately 100 feet above Red Deer River about 2 mi upstream from mouth of Kneehills Creek (tributary of Red Deer River). Possibly from Kirkpatrick Coulee, near the Dunphy cemetery" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139259", "collectionId": "11902", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4205", "collectionReferenceId": "4205", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Drumheller, Red Deer River (NMC Loc. 5)", "collection_aka": "NMC 2196", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of Edmonton formation (A), above 7 coal", "geogcomments": "section 35?, township 28, range 20, W. 4th meridian. West bank of Red Deer River near Drumheller" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139291", "collectionId": "11916", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76179", "collectionReferenceId": "4205", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "South bank of Red Deer River, upstream of Tolman Bridge", "collection_aka": "Near Scollard", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Edmonton B\"; possibly same horizon as the Albertosaurus Bonebed", "geogcomments": "SW 1/8 of section 20, township 34, range 21, W. 4th meridian; 150 feet above south bank of Red Deer River; near Scollard, AB, upriver from Tolman Bridge." }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "287916", "collectionId": "14557", "identifiedName": "cf. Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "774", "collectionReferenceId": "774", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Greasewood Creek", "collection_aka": "SDSM V-685", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from \"a blowout\"" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "368114", "collectionId": "34826", "identifiedName": "? Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9303", "collectionReferenceId": "9303", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "5 km east of Burnham Trading Post (MNA)", "collection_aka": "Pentaceratops", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation; approx. 145 m above base of formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec. 28, T24N, R13W, approx. 5 km E of Burnham Trading Post, San Juan Co., NM" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "382141", "collectionId": "36269", "identifiedName": "aff. Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9737", "collectionReferenceId": "59350", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "head of Willow Wash, SMP loc. 376a", "collection_aka": "NMMNH L-346, P1041", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "lower part of De-na-zin member", "geogcomments": "\"at the heads of Hunter, Willow, Alamo, and De-na-zin washes\" (Willow Wash used for coordinate)" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483681", "collectionId": "14492", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "2602", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Makela-French 2", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-77084", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517552", "collectionId": "52485", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34553", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (50 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "USNM 12814", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "R bank Sand Creek, 50 ft above river, near Red Deer River, Little Sandhill Creek basin" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "521248", "collectionId": "14494", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3313", "collectionReferenceId": "3313", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "Coal Ridge", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Woodpile Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534994", "collectionId": "55363", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14866", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Albertosaurus Bonebed, Dry Island Buffalo Jump", "collection_aka": "Albertosaurus Quarry, Big Valley Creek, ABB, RTMP L2204", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from transition between Units 4 and 5, HCF \"B\", should be top of Tolman Mb.", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection # 52468, near Dry Island, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541265", "collectionId": "56614", "identifiedName": "? Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15240", "collectionReferenceId": "15240", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Mesaverde", "collection_name": "Chandler locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S of Rangely" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "566943", "collectionId": "34744", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17034", "collectionReferenceId": "9231", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Drumheller bone bed, Munson Ferry (80 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Bleriot Ferry; RTMP Locality L1504", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "found \"low in the lower member of the Edmonton Formation\" (now = Horseshoe Canyon Fm.)", "geogcomments": "1.5 miles S of Munson Ferry on Red Deer River near Drumheller, Alberta. SW corner of subdivision 6, section 10, T30, R21, W of 4th meridian. Approx. 9.5 miles NW of Drumheller. Horizon is about 80 ft. above river. (Also described as near Bleriot Ferry, about 10 km NW of RTMP.)" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "621183", "collectionId": "66908", "identifiedName": "? Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19041", "collectionReferenceId": "19041", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Gunnison", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Mesaverde", "collection_name": "Weaver coal mine tracksite, Gunnison", "collection_aka": "Grand Mesa Coal Field", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of #2 coal", "geogcomments": "Weaver family coal mine between Gunnison and Crested Butte; part of the Grand Mesa Coal Field" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "698391", "collectionId": "75030", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25308", "collectionReferenceId": "25308", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "SMNH Locality 72K09-0005", "collection_aka": "Lake Diefenbaker", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"at the base of exposures...approximately 3 m in thickness\"", "geogcomments": "\"about 270 m from of the north bank of the Saskatchewan River... approximately 10 km west of Saskatchewan Landing along Lake Diefenbaker\"" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "710079", "collectionId": "76062", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "87547", "collectionReferenceId": "25756", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Danek Bonebed (TMP L2379)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Danek Bonebed, in south-suburban Edmonton, along the banks of Whitemud Creek (according to news reports)" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "812410", "collectionId": "45679", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29954", "collectionReferenceId": "17004", "cc": "US", "state": "Missouri", "county": "Bollinger", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chronister Site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Has previously been assigned to the McNairy Sand, within the Ripley Formation, but this is uncertain, and most authors consider the bed to be an unnamed smectite clay unit overlapping in age with the Coffee Sand, Mooreville Chalk, and Blufftown formations, and local in extent.", "geogcomments": "from a well dug on the Chronister residence/farm, near the center of sec. 26, T31N, R9E, in a small valley 0.6 miles NW of Glen Allen-Patton road, about 1 mile N of Glen Allen (now Glenallen, coordinates given above), Crooked Creek township, Bollinger Co., MO. Within Ozark geological province, 30 miles W of Cape Girardeau and 12 miles NW of the Cape Girardeau-Poplar Bluff Escarpment." }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "825967", "collectionId": "46163", "identifiedName": "cf. Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30640", "collectionReferenceId": "12323", "cc": "MX", "state": "Sonora", "county": "", "formation": "Corral de Enmedio", "member": "", "geological_group": "Cabullona", "collection_name": "Mustenas–Magallanes Peak", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 49, Naco-Cananea", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation, described as \"comparable in age to the Edmonton formation\", originally \"Snake Ridge Formation.\" Later assigned to \"Packard\" beds by Lucas & González-Léon.", "geogcomments": "in a rectangle 13 miles N-S by 10 miles E-W, about 25 miles SW of Douglas and 25 miles SE of Naco, 15 miles S of the international boundary, in the gap between the Mustenas and Magallanes Peaks, Sonora, Mexico. Southern Naco-Cananea area." }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "848407", "collectionId": "94370", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4218", "collectionReferenceId": "4218", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Fox Coulee Quarry", "collection_aka": "FC, Midland Provincial Park, Day Digs", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Fox Coulee, about 3 km E of the RTMP. LSD 14-16-29-20W4; on E side of the abandoned railroad right-of-way in Midland Provincial Park. Listed in Bogner et al. 2005: 2001 Day Digs Site, 12U0377631 UTM 5704236; Dominion Land Survey SW 1/4-2-16-29-20-W4M" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1482986", "collectionId": "206395", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70928", "collectionReferenceId": "70928", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "west of Tolman Bridge", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "west of Tolman Bridge. sec 18, T32N, R21W, W 4th meridian according to RTMP database." }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1482987", "collectionId": "152268", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70928", "collectionReferenceId": "70928", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Dunphy, Kneehills Creek (RTMP L1517)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Dunphy, along Kneehills Creek. TMP database: sec. 14, T29N, R21W, W 4th meridian. UTM: 12U 370641, 5704817" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1482989", "collectionId": "206396", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70928", "collectionReferenceId": "70928", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Dunphy, Kneehills Creek (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two levels, 1-2 m apart", "geogcomments": "near Dunphy, along Kneehills Creek. TMP database: sec. 14, T29N, R21W, W 4th meridian. UTM: 12U 371125, 5705128" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1482990", "collectionId": "204724", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70928", "collectionReferenceId": "70928", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Drumheller golf course", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Drumheller golf course, 2.4 km NW of RTMP, 50 m off North Dinosaur Trail. UTM: 12U 374016, 5706458" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1482991", "collectionId": "206397", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70928", "collectionReferenceId": "70928", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Willow Creek, near Calmar", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along 0.5 km along bottom of Willow Creek, near Calmar. RTMP database: sec. 13, T50N, R28W, W 4th meridian." }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1482996", "collectionId": "206399", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70928", "collectionReferenceId": "70928", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Horsethief Canyon", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Horsethief Canyon, near Drumheller in the Red Deer Valley" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1482998", "collectionId": "152270", "identifiedName": "cf. Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70928", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Morrin Bridge", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "at the level of coal zones 8–9", "geogcomments": "near Morrin Bridge. TRMP database for Albertosaurus specimen: sec. 34, T30N, R21W, W 4th meridian." }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559726", "collectionId": "220119", "identifiedName": "cf. Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76810", "collectionReferenceId": "76810", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Bleriot Ferry bonebed", "collection_aka": "Day Digs, BF", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "The BF Bonebed occurs on the east side of the river, just south of the Bleriot Ferry (Provincial Highway 838)" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1600995", "collectionId": "91378", "identifiedName": "cf. Albertosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82042", "collectionReferenceId": "82042", "cc": "MX", "state": "Sonora", "county": "", "formation": "Corral de Enmedio", "member": "", "geological_group": "Cabullona", "collection_name": "locality 4, Cabullona Basin", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. \"Areniscas Camas\"", "geogcomments": "central Cabullona Basin, just S of Arroyo Corral de Enmedio" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1662227", "collectionId": "229870", "identifiedName": "cf. Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89295", "collectionReferenceId": "84397", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Felber Troodontid Site 2", "collection_aka": "FTS-2, Felber-Dohy Troodontid Site 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farther north than L2000 in Horsethief Canyon, near the Morrin Bridge. Site is \"in Treaty 7 Territory, the traditional home of the Kanai (Blood), Tsuu T’ina (Sacree), Siksika (Blackfoot), Piikani (Peigan), and Nakoda (Stoney) First Nations, and Métis Nation.\" (GPS: 12U 368023, 5726540, WGS 84)" }, { "genusId": "38607", "genus": "Albertosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1662228", "collectionId": "235954", "identifiedName": "cf. Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "acceptedName": "Albertosaurus sarcophagus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89295", "collectionReferenceId": "89295", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Horsethief Canyon [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified localiy in Horsethief Canyon, NW of Drumheller in the Red Deer Valley. Site is \"in Treaty 7 Territory, the traditional home of the Kanai (Blood), Tsuu T’ina (Sacree), Siksika (Blackfoot), Piikani (Peigan), and Nakoda (Stoney) First Nations, and Métis Nation.\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Albertosaurinae", "Albertosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "clade:Tyrannosauridae", "clade:Albertosaurinae", "genus:38607" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38607", "53193" ], "candidateIds": [ "38607", "53193" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "177464", "name": "Albinykus", "displayName": "Albinykus", "attribution": "Nesbitt et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Nesbitt et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=177464", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Parvicursorinae", "Albinykus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "162354", "64116", "68181", "177464" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. Animal-based feeding is the broad guild; later derived small forms may specialise on insects. Insectivore is a qualified subtype, not proof of exclusively ants or termites. Explicit early-genus profiles override this rule.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] }, { "id": "G3", "title": "Growth and miniaturization among alvarezsauroid dinosaurs", "authors": "Qin et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "citation verified in D6; full paper not read in this task", "dietSupport": "Used only as background for the later miniaturisation/insectivory hypothesis; not sufficient alone to assign a particular genus an exclusive insect diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=177464", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Albinykus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=177464" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "177464", "genus": "Albinykus", "occurrenceId": "920587", "collectionId": "80183", "identifiedName": "Albinykus baatar n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Albinykus baatar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35185", "collectionReferenceId": "18688", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Javkhlant", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khugenetjavkhlant", "collection_aka": "Khugenetslavkant, Khugenetslavkant", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "described informally as the \"Khugenetslavkant sandstone facies\", overlying the Khar Khutul (= Khar Hötöl) beds; corrected to Late Cretaceous Shine Us Khudag redbeds = Javkhlant Formation. Middle of formation", "geogcomments": "Khugenetjavkhlant (misspelled as Khugenetslavkant, Khugenetslavkant) Shine Us Khudag badlands, 3 sq. km area" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Parvicursorinae", "Albinykus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "alvarezsaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Add conventional maniraptoran ancestors; this is chosen game topology, not proof every competing high-level analysis is false.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Alvarezsauria", "clade:Alvarezsauroidea", "clade:Alvarezsauridae", "clade:Parvicursorinae", "genus:177464" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "177464" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "javkhlant" ], "label": "Javkhlant Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "920587", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Albinykus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ceratonykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Albinykus": [ "920587" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "177464" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "376422", "name": "Alcovasaurus", "displayName": "Alcovasaurus", "attribution": "Galton and Carpenter 2016", "rawAttribution": "Galton and Carpenter 2016", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=376422", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Neostegosauria", "Dacentrurinae", "Alcovasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "38803", "519743", "81342", "376422" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "UW 20503 comes from Alcova Quarry, Wyoming, in the Morrison Formation. Jurassic and North America remain reliable regardless of genus combination.", "references": [ { "title": "Costa2026 Dacentrurine Stegosaurs in North America", "doi": "10.3390/d18030143", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/18/3/143", "access": "Original full PDF read from publisher download, also web mirror full extraction; local alco2026.txt. Holotype UW20503 Alcova Quarry Morrison stated in body." } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "UW 20503 comes from Alcova Quarry, Wyoming, in the Morrison Formation. Jurassic and North America remain reliable regardless of genus combination.", "references": [ { "title": "Costa2026 Dacentrurine Stegosaurs in North America", "doi": "10.3390/d18030143", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/18/3/143", "access": "Original full PDF read from publisher download, also web mirror full extraction; local alco2026.txt. Holotype UW20503 Alcova Quarry Morrison stated in body." } ] }, "footprint": [], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Costa 2026 treats longispinus as Miragaia, while March 2026 Sánchez-Fenollosa et al. endorse Miragaia longicollum within Dacentrurus and explicitly do not support Alcovasaurus–Dacentrurus synonymy. There is no single uncontested latest generic scheme.", "references": [ { "id": "costa2026", "title": "Dacentrurine Stegosaurs in North America: New Occurrences from the Upper Jurassic of USA (Morrison Formation)", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-27", "doi": "10.3390/d18030143", "url": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_d/2026/diversity-18-00143_dd.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Miragaia longispinus systematics", "UW 20503 comparisons", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "sanchezfenollosa2026", "title": "The plated dinosaurs (Ornithischia, Stegosauria) of eastern Iberia (Spain): Taxonomy, diversity, and ecology", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-03", "doi": "10.26879/1637", "url": "https://www.palaeo-electronica.org/content/2026/5818-stegosaurs-of-eastern-iberia", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Introduction taxonomic review", "Systematic palaeontology", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Accepted 2026-03-10. Endorses the 2025 Miragaia longicollum = Dacentrurus armatus proposal but explicitly does not support synonymising Alcovasaurus with Dacentrurus." }, { "id": "costamateus2019", "title": "Dacentrurine stegosaurs: a new specimen of Miragaia longicollum from the Late Jurassic of Portugal resolves taxonomical validity and shows the occurrence of the clade in North America", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0224263", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0224263", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Systematics", "Miragaia validity", "Alcovasaurus comparison" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ] } ], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Costa 2026 treats longispinus as Miragaia, while March 2026 Sánchez-Fenollosa et al. endorse Miragaia longicollum within Dacentrurus and explicitly do not support Alcovasaurus–Dacentrurus synonymy. There is no single uncontested latest generic scheme.", "references": [ { "id": "costa2026", "title": "Dacentrurine Stegosaurs in North America: New Occurrences from the Upper Jurassic of USA (Morrison Formation)", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-27", "doi": "10.3390/d18030143", "url": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_d/2026/diversity-18-00143_dd.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Miragaia longispinus systematics", "UW 20503 comparisons", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "sanchezfenollosa2026", "title": "The plated dinosaurs (Ornithischia, Stegosauria) of eastern Iberia (Spain): Taxonomy, diversity, and ecology", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-03", "doi": "10.26879/1637", "url": "https://www.palaeo-electronica.org/content/2026/5818-stegosaurs-of-eastern-iberia", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Introduction taxonomic review", "Systematic palaeontology", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Accepted 2026-03-10. Endorses the 2025 Miragaia longicollum = Dacentrurus armatus proposal but explicitly does not support synonymising Alcovasaurus with Dacentrurus." }, { "id": "costamateus2019", "title": "Dacentrurine stegosaurs: a new specimen of Miragaia longicollum from the Late Jurassic of Portugal resolves taxonomical validity and shows the occurrence of the clade in North America", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0224263", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0224263", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Systematics", "Miragaia validity", "Alcovasaurus comparison" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Neostegosauria", "Dacentrurinae", "Alcovasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Stegosauridae", "clade:Neostegosauria", "clade:Dacentrurinae", "genus:376422" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "38610", "name": "Alectrosaurus", "displayName": "Alectrosaurus", "attribution": "Gilmore 1933", "rawAttribution": "Gilmore 1933", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38610", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Alectrosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "38610" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38610", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489802", "collectionId": "49356", "identifiedName": "Alectrosaurus olseni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus olseni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13061", "collectionReferenceId": "13061", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Iren Dabasu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH quarry 136, Iren Dabasu", "collection_aka": "Erlian, Ehrlien, site B, CAE", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Iren Dabasu Formation is Early-Middle Campanian according to Xing et al. (2012)", "geogcomments": "S and W of ruins of telegraph station, about 1 km S of Erhlien; 200 yds S of camp at Iren Dabasu telegraph station; 2 specimens found 100 feet apart" }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489850", "collectionId": "49369", "identifiedName": "Alectrosaurus olseni", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus olseni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13181", "collectionReferenceId": "11751", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Iren Dabasu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SCDP site 9, Iren Dabasu", "collection_aka": "Erlian, site G", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Iren Dabasu Formation is Middle–Late Campanian according to Xing et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "S and W of ruins of telegraph station" }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557951", "collectionId": "53132", "identifiedName": "? Alectrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15559", "collectionReferenceId": "57423", "cc": "KZ", "state": "Turkistan", "county": "", "formation": "Dabrazhin", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kyrkkuduk I (Dabrazhin)", "collection_aka": "Kyrk-Kuduk, Sary-Agach, Chingeldy ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Nessov (1997) noted that trionychid remains, probably, come from the Syuk-Syuk Formation rather than from Darbaza Formation (= Darbazin Svita) as indicated by Kordikova (1994).", "geogcomments": "near Sary-Agach (Chengel'dy) railway station, Kyrk-Kuduk region, near Alym-Tau range, southern Kazakhstan\n\nVitke & Danilov (2012): Kyrkkuduk I locality (= Sary-Agach, Riabinin 1938 = area of Kyrkkuduk Well, Danilov and Vitek 2009, in press), area about 2 km in length along the northern slope of Alymtau Ridge, 6–7 km south from the well and also 3–5 km south-west from the well, Circum-Tashkent Chul, South Kazakhstan Province, Syuk-Syuk Formation and, probably, the lower part of the Darbaza Formation, Santonian – ?middle Campanian (Nessov 1997)." }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "559629", "collectionId": "58158", "identifiedName": "? Alectrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CDZh-16, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower part of the formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "559631", "collectionId": "58159", "identifiedName": "? Alectrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CDZh-14a, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower part of the formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "559634", "collectionId": "58161", "identifiedName": "? Alectrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CDZh-17, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower part of the formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "559637", "collectionId": "58161", "identifiedName": "Alectrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CDZh-17, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower part of the formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "559646", "collectionId": "58164", "identifiedName": "? Alectrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "38127", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CDZh-17g, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower part of the formation", "geogcomments": "Kyzyl-Kum, Dzharakuduk" }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "559647", "collectionId": "46959", "identifiedName": "? Alectrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "64195", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CDZh-17a, Dzharakuduk II, Kulbeke", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 26 m above base\r\n\r\nAlso described as Taykarshinskaya beds.", "geogcomments": "Dzhyrakuduk (Dzharakuduk), near Bukhara, central Kyzylkum Desert, Kulbeke spring" }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "559670", "collectionId": "58166", "identifiedName": "? Alectrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-5a, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, TsBI-5a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 67 m above the base of the formation, 10 m above CBI-14", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area" }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "559674", "collectionId": "58167", "identifiedName": "Alectrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "38131", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-28, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area" }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "559694", "collectionId": "58168", "identifiedName": "? Alectrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "38131", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-14, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk; Dzhara-Kuduk, Dzhirakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk, Kul’beke, TsBI-14", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 57 m above the base of the formation", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area, 32 km SW of Mynbulak" }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "559719", "collectionId": "58177", "identifiedName": "? Alectrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Alectrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-1, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area" }, { "genusId": "38610", "genus": "Alectrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560888", "collectionId": "58475", "identifiedName": "? 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Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38590", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Allosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38590" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/allosaurus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "149592", "collectionId": "13212", "identifiedName": "Creosaurus atrox n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7813", "collectionReferenceId": "7811", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 1, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-21", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "referred to in paper as \"Atlantosaurus Beds\" and \"Como Beds\"; upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of SW 1/4 of sec. 10, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "149596", "collectionId": "13214", "identifiedName": "Creosaurus atrox", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4387", "collectionReferenceId": "52556", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Converse", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freeze Out Mtns. Kansas Univ. Expedition", "collection_aka": "Freezeout Hills Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "referred to in text as \"Atlantosaurus Beds\" and \"Como Beds\", and as Lower Cretaceous", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in the Freeze Out Mountains, Converse Co." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "149597", "collectionId": "13214", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4387", "collectionReferenceId": "52556", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Converse", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freeze Out Mtns. Kansas Univ. Expedition", "collection_aka": "Freezeout Hills Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "referred to in text as \"Atlantosaurus Beds\" and \"Como Beds\", and as Lower Cretaceous", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in the Freeze Out Mountains, Converse Co." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "149601", "collectionId": "13214", "identifiedName": "Antrodemus valens", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4387", "collectionReferenceId": "52556", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Converse", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freeze Out Mtns. Kansas Univ. Expedition", "collection_aka": "Freezeout Hills Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "referred to in text as \"Atlantosaurus Beds\" and \"Como Beds\", and as Lower Cretaceous", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in the Freeze Out Mountains, Converse Co." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "219975", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Creosaurus atrox", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13098", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220058", "collectionId": "22678", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5760", "collectionReferenceId": "50240", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Spings", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RB Quarry, Warm Springs Ranch", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1553, Bone Bed, BB Quarry, I Quarry, WY-99, WY-100, WY--101, WY-102, RoadBone", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "seven fossiliferous layers", "geogcomments": "name originally given as \"RB\" but should be \"BB\"?; Also listed as the \"RoadBone Quarries: - PL, AD, RB, and TH; probably includes the \"I Quarry\" of Foster (2003)." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220162", "collectionId": "22711", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15020", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 94, Rainbow Park microsite", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur National Monument, UT-25", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, \"zone 6\"", "geogcomments": "northern part of Dinosaur National Monument" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "382123", "collectionId": "36265", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81462", "collectionReferenceId": "81462", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Cibola", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Suwanee Peak", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Suwanee Peak, near Rio San José; near SE 1/4, sec. 2, T8N, R3W" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "403027", "collectionId": "38680", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus europaeus", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus europaeus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19890", "collectionReferenceId": "10381", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Andrès (MNHN-UL)", "collection_aka": "Andrés. Andres, Pombal", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Camadas de Alcobaça, could also be from lowermost Bombarral Formation (= Grès superiores); Malafaia et al 2010 consider the site to be ?upper Kimmeridgian to Tithonian in age\r\n\r\n Previously assigned to Bombarral Formation. Lourinhã Fm is considered late Kimmeridgian-late Tithonian and it incorporates the Alcobaça Fm (Kimmeridgian) and the Bombarral Fm (also known as Grés Superiores; late Tithonian-early Berrisian). Taylor et al. 2013 suggested the Lourinhã Fm be subdivided into members, but Mateus et al. 2017 proposed a revised stratiraphy of the Luisitanian Basin. The Alcobaça Formation is Late Kimmeridigan and overlain by the Lourinha Formation. The Lourinhã Formation is made up of the Praia da Amoreira and Porto Novo (late Kimmeridgian) members, Praia Azul member (latest Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian) and the Assenta member (late Tithonian-earliest Berrisian). The Lourinha Formation is overlain by the Porto da Calada Formation (Berrisian).", "geogcomments": "near village of Andrés, parish of Santiago de Litém, Leiria district, Pombal, W-central Portugal, about 135 km NNE of Lisbon; region of Bombal Litoral, Mamede Sub-basin" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "405146", "collectionId": "38871", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10492", "collectionReferenceId": "10492", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sandoval", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-3285", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "405200", "collectionId": "38883", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10502", "collectionReferenceId": "10502", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Gunnison", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CO-49, Dino Cove", "collection_aka": "Curecanti N.R.A., Blue Mesa Apatosaurus Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dino Cove, on Blue Mesa Reservoir, Curecanti N.R.A." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "405201", "collectionId": "38884", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "10503", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Meilyn Quarry, Flat Top Anticline", "collection_aka": "WY-83", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in the Morrison Fm.", "geogcomments": "Meilyn Quarry, 1.5 mi. NE of Ninemile Hill, on Flat Top Anticline, approx. sec. 11, T23N, R78W" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408071", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408087", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408734", "collectionId": "39337", "identifiedName": "Antrodemus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "7814", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 1A, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Big Canyon Quarry, WY-27", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of NE 1/4 of sec. 17, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408735", "collectionId": "39337", "identifiedName": "Camptonotus amplus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus amplus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7814", "collectionReferenceId": "7814", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 1A, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Big Canyon Quarry, WY-27", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of NE 1/4 of sec. 17, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408737", "collectionId": "39338", "identifiedName": "Antrodemus valens", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 1-1/2, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-30, Quarry 1.5", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 of sec. 8, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff. Along NW edge of Aurora Lake/Lake Como, NW of old Como RR station" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408739", "collectionId": "39340", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus lucaris n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7813", "collectionReferenceId": "7813", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 3, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "S 1/2 of SW 1/4 of sec. 11, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408750", "collectionId": "39342", "identifiedName": "Antrodemus valens", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 4, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Truckstop Quarry, WY-40", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "top of Unit B", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4 of sec. 6 (listed as sec. 5 in Connely 2002), T22N, R76W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408762", "collectionId": "39347", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 8, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-19", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "S 1/2 of sec. 11, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408774", "collectionId": "12816", "identifiedName": "Antrodemus valens", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10608", "collectionReferenceId": "10624", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 9, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Mammal Quarry, WY-15", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle upper part of the Morrison series; Unit B", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of sec. 12, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408853", "collectionId": "39370", "identifiedName": "Antrodemus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "7814", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 12, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Robber's Roost, WY-29, Robber's Gulch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 of sec. 18, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408872", "collectionId": "39371", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus ferox n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14074", "collectionReferenceId": "14074", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 14, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-16", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of SW 1/4 of sec. 12, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408893", "collectionId": "39373", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "10608", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry C, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408903", "collectionId": "39374", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "10608", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry D, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "E 1/2 of NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408915", "collectionId": "13341", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "7811", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lakes Quarry 10, Morrison (YPM)", "collection_aka": "A. laticollis type, Dinosaur Ridge", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two layers; upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "sec. 35, T4S, R70W, Morrison, Colorado; along Dinosaur Ridge" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408918", "collectionId": "39375", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "7812", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lakes Quarry 1, Morrison (YPM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "sec. 26, T4S, R70W, Morrison, CO" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408922", "collectionId": "39377", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "5669", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 2, Garden Park (YPM)", "collection_aka": "CO-4", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in sandbody 4, upper interval of Morrison, 47.9 m above J5 unconformity (base of Morrison), below Felch Quarry 1", "geogcomments": "sec. 28, T17S, R70W, Garden Park, CO, across arroyo from Felch Quarry 1." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "409323", "collectionId": "11611", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14826", "collectionReferenceId": "5767", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mygatt-Moore Quarry, lower mudstone", "collection_aka": "MWC Loc. 1.05.86, MWC Loc. 2, CO-21, main quarry, MMQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "middle part of member\r\n\r\nAsh fall zircons from the site were U-Pb dated to 152.3 +/- 0.2Ma placing the site near the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian boundary (Trujillo et al. 2014)", "geogcomments": "NW part of Rabbit Valley, Mesa Co., Colorado" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "467535", "collectionId": "46460", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12387", "collectionReferenceId": "63395", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-62, Red Gulch Quarry, Question Mark Quarry, Keyhole Canyon", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "On the Barker Howe ranch; coordinates for nearby Shell, WY. ca. 25 mi. E of Greybull, also called the \"Red Gulch Quarry\" and supposedly \"in the vicinity of Keyhole Canyon,\" as well as \"Question Mark Quarry.\"" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "467544", "collectionId": "46465", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71691", "collectionReferenceId": "12389", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe-Stephens Quarry", "collection_aka": "Sauriermuseum, HSQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower or middle part of formation (below \"clay change\"), 10 m above Howe Q", "geogcomments": "450 m SW of original Howe Q, on Howe Ranch" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "467553", "collectionId": "46462", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12389", "collectionReferenceId": "77733", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe Quarry 2", "collection_aka": "Sauriermuseum", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "close to the original Howe Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "467555", "collectionId": "46468", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71691", "collectionReferenceId": "14707", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Big Al Quarry (MOR M-106)", "collection_aka": "WY-61, BAQ", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle of formation", "geogcomments": "coordinates for nearby Shell, WY; site is 300 m NE of Howe Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "477075", "collectionId": "47196", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "39692", "collectionReferenceId": "12622", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Willow Springs Quarry", "collection_aka": "BYU ESM-163R", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near base of Upper = Brushy Basin Member", "geogcomments": "approx. 5 miles E of Willow Springs, Emery Co., UT" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481742", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Labrosaurus ferox n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12248", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481756", "collectionId": "48127", "identifiedName": "Laelaps trihedrodon n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15653", "collectionReferenceId": "15653", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry I, Cope's Nipple", "collection_aka": "Saurian Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, CO. N side of Saurian Hill. About 500 yds SW of \"Cope's Nipple\"" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481761", "collectionId": "48129", "identifiedName": "Epanterias amplexus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9077", "collectionReferenceId": "4402", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry III, Cope's Nipple", "collection_aka": "Saurian Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near the top of the Morrison Formation", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, CO. Near Quarry II on SW side of Saurian Hill. Located S of the Camarasaurus supremus Quarry (Quarry I)." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481969", "collectionId": "48160", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "63580", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kessler's Quarry, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "DMNH Quarry 2, CO-7", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "E side (also \"south end\") of Garden Park, 10 mi. N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO. On property owned by the Diamond Fire Brick Company" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481992", "collectionId": "48162", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lindsey Quarry (DMNH)", "collection_aka": "Garden Park, CO-8, Lindsey's, DMNH Quarry 3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "E part of Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO. General vicinity of DeWeese Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "482010", "collectionId": "48172", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Meyer Site 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-73", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487146", "collectionId": "48837", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "53184", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry N, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "Freezeout Mountains, Freezeout Hills", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.), orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487804", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489691", "collectionId": "49338", "identifiedName": "Saurophagus maximus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10389", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 1, Kenton (OMNH V92)", "collection_aka": "OK-1, WPA, OMNH Quarry 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12.04 m below top of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co. On Hwy 64, about 100 yds E of bridge crossing Carrizo Creek, 10 mi E of NM-OK line" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490818", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71691", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491207", "collectionId": "49595", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18472", "collectionReferenceId": "18403", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Brush Creek, Yale College Scientific Party", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Brush Creek, about 6 miles from Green River, along hogback in the Questar Pipeline corridor that cuts the plunging nose of Split Mtn near the W boundary of Dinosaur NM" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491217", "collectionId": "49596", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 5, Kenton (OMNH V94)", "collection_aka": "OK-2, WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "39 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "0.8 km northeast of Quarry 6 along the SE margin of Black Mesa; E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491247", "collectionId": "49577", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "12200", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry West (BCQ West)", "collection_aka": "WY-79, Bone Cabin Quarry Extension, Bone Cabin Quarry-E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"equivalent to Upper Salt Wash Member\" and in \"Lower Dinosaur Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491316", "collectionId": "49614", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13284", "collectionReferenceId": "62005", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hinkle Site (BYU)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member", "geogcomments": "Grand Co. near CO border, about 40 km from Rabbit Valley, CO" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491424", "collectionId": "48124", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "61344", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hups Quarry, MWC Loc. 197", "collection_aka": "Cactus Park, CO-57", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle to upper part of member (orig. reported as lower part)\r\n\r\nTrujillo et al. 2015: Recalibrated 40Ar/39Ar ages from the Morrison Formation suggest Brushy Basin member is early Tithonian", "geogcomments": "Cactus Park, ca. 29 KM S of Grand Junction, Mesa Co. Colorado" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491425", "collectionId": "49622", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jones Hole Quarry", "collection_aka": "CO-59, Dry Mesa Quarry 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491429", "collectionId": "49624", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "15193", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Park", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Upper Strickland Creek Quarry", "collection_aka": "MT-2, O'Hair Quarry, Lower O'Hair Quarry, MOR Loc. M-048", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ca. 15 m above Swift Fm. and ca. 40 m below Kootenai Fm. (= Lower Morrison?)", "geogcomments": "T3S, R9E, near Strickland Creek, SW Montana" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491432", "collectionId": "49626", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41026", "collectionReferenceId": "41026", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Green River Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "UT-9; UMNH VP Loc. 60, UGS EM363V", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "just W of Green River; sec 3, T21S, R14E, Emery Co. = Utah Geol. Survey EM363V = UMNH VP LOC 60" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491437", "collectionId": "49628", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Louise Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-22", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near center of the upper N face of Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491441", "collectionId": "49627", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nail Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WY-39, WDIS Quarry 2b", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Talking Rocks Member\" near middle of formation; located just above caliche boundary in Unit B.", "geogcomments": "a few km E of Louise Quarry, near Como Bluff; T. 22 N ., R. 77 W ., Sec. 1" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491454", "collectionId": "49630", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13295", "collectionReferenceId": "55474", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Lawrence", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fuller's 351 (SDSM V351)", "collection_aka": "SD-2, St. Onge", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of formation (within 3-4 m)", "geogcomments": "NE of Spearfish, northern Black Hills, 6 mi. E of St. Onge" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491456", "collectionId": "49631", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13295", "collectionReferenceId": "13295", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Meade", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wonderland Quarry (SDSM V9141)", "collection_aka": "Piedmont, SD-4", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "5 m above top of Unkpapa Sandstone", "geogcomments": "S of Piedmont, about 18 km N of Rapid City" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491749", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35013", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519727", "collectionId": "52872", "identifiedName": "Poicilopleuron valens n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30725", "collectionReferenceId": "30725", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Middle Park (USNM 218)", "collection_aka": "Antrodemus type site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Middle Park, Grand County" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "528338", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534769", "collectionId": "55330", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14822", "collectionReferenceId": "14822", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Mountain", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541212", "collectionId": "56586", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15239", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bollan Quarry, Rabbit Valley", "collection_aka": "Bollan Stegosaurus, CO-27, Bollan's Site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in Brushy Basin Mbr., 25 ft. above the base", "geogcomments": "amphitheater at head of McDonald Creek, just N of I-70 in Rabbit Valley; part of Rabbit Valley Research Natural Area" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541222", "collectionId": "56590", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15239", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rabbit Valley Iguanodon", "collection_aka": "RVRNA-13, CO-23", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "E part of amphitheater at head of McDonald Creek, just N of I-70 in Rabbit Valley; part of Rabbit Valley Research Natural Area" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541717", "collectionId": "56684", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53013", "collectionReferenceId": "53013", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Holt Quarry", "collection_aka": "Riggs Hill, Fruita, Holt's Quarry 1, Holt's Quarry 2, CO-46, CO-47", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "116 ft below top of member (48 ft above Riggs Quarry 13)", "geogcomments": "150 ft NW of Riggs Quarry 13, near Fruita, CO. 3 mi N of Quarry 12. in N 1/2, NE 1/4, sec 26, T11S, R101W, approx 5 mi W of downtown Grand Junction.\r\nSeems to combine taxa listed as pertaining to Holt's Quarry 1 and 2 in Turner and Peterson (1999)." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541886", "collectionId": "55487", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "14073", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bertha Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WY-44, WDIS Quarry 4a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"close to the level of Marsh Quarry 13\"; Unit A", "geogcomments": "E part of Como Bluff; T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 6?" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557962", "collectionId": "57894", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78581", "collectionReferenceId": "78581", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freezeout Hills Quarry 6 (FMNH)", "collection_aka": "Carnegie Quarry M, University of Kansas Loc. 17", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.)" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557977", "collectionId": "57903", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30946", "collectionReferenceId": "77734", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry R (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two distinct layers", "geogcomments": "SE of Como Bluff, 14 mi S of Bone Cabin Quarry on Prager Anticline, along Union Pacific Railroad line" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557984", "collectionId": "57905", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "12250", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Meade", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hatch Ranch, Piedmont Butte", "collection_aka": "Barosaurus type, SDSM V9140, SD-3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several meters above the Unkpapa Sandston Member; Zone 5; Morrison of S. Dakota sometimes referred to as the \"Beulah shales\"", "geogcomments": "Several miles (also listed as \"about 10 miles\") N of Rapid City and 1.5 mi E of Piedmont, in E part of Black Hills (\"on the eastern 'Rim' of the Black Hills\"), a few rods SW of house on land belonging to Rachel Hatch" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557989", "collectionId": "57910", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81462", "collectionReferenceId": "81462", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Cibola", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Acoma Site", "collection_aka": "NM-1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Zone 2", "geogcomments": "near Acoma, Cibola Co.; NW 1/4, sec. 8, T8N, R7W" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "558003", "collectionId": "57913", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15567", "collectionReferenceId": "15567", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 96, Rainbow Park microsite", "collection_aka": "UT-26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Located in Rainbow Park where the Green River enters Split Mountain Gorge" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560965", "collectionId": "58509", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "12961", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Fork Powder River Quarry B", "collection_aka": "RFPR", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Red Fork of the Powder River, along SE edge of Big Horn Mtns. On hill above Quarry A" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560970", "collectionId": "58510", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry (MSM)", "collection_aka": "WY-71", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo; on the sheep ranch of John Arno, NW 1/4, Sec. 36, T48N, R83W, Johnson County, Wyoming, Robinson Canyon Quadrangle 7.5 series" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560983", "collectionId": "58516", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63754", "collectionReferenceId": "53254", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mill Canyon Quarry (BYU)", "collection_aka": "Mill Canyon Dinosaur Trail", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NW of Moab; near I-70 milepost 141. T24S, R20E (no section given), in the Salt Valley, ca. 9 km NE of the axis of the Salt Valley Anticline. From a 9-m-high ridge on the W side of Mill Canyon Wash. Also includes nearby Mill Canyon Dinosaur Trail." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "561620", "collectionId": "58551", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16610", "collectionReferenceId": "16610", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Emery County sauropod site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northwest side of a prominent butte in the southeast corner of sec. 4, T23S, R7E" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "561626", "collectionId": "48128", "identifiedName": "Laelaps trihedrodon", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16612", "collectionReferenceId": "13078", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry II, Cope's Nipple", "collection_aka": "Saurian Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N of Cañon City, CO; Garden Park; SW side of Saurian hill, 200 yds from C. supremus site." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "562993", "collectionId": "56654", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ninemile Hill", "collection_aka": "UW V-98046, WY-82", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "< 1 m below contact of approx. 15-m-thick unit of dark gray mudstone marking top of Morrison; total unit thickness here = 143 m", "geogcomments": "on Graff Ranch, about 13 km NNW of Como Bluff, a few km SW of Bone Cabin Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "578087", "collectionId": "28382", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17535", "collectionReferenceId": "7808", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lakes Quarry 5, Morrison (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Beckwith Quarry, Dinosaur Ridge, Saurian Quarry 5", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "\"eastern flank of Rocky Mountains,\" near Morrison, Jefferson Co., Colorado. Near locality of Atlantosaurus montanus. sec. 26, T4S, R70W, and possibly now part of a roadcut for the Alameda Parkway on the W side of Dinosaur Ridge" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "591705", "collectionId": "62561", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18062", "collectionReferenceId": "18060", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Canyon Ranch Quarry", "collection_aka": "Hope College REU, Dinosaur Safari Inc., Simon Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper Morrison", "geogcomments": "Red Canyon Ranch, near Shell" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647310", "collectionId": "58507", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23484", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Weston", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bobcat Pit", "collection_aka": "Black Hills; KU-WY-121, KU Dinosaur Quarry, CU Pit", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "on private land belonging to M.Y. 140 Ranch LLC, S of Sundance, NW Black Hills in NE Wyoming, Weston Co." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647849", "collectionId": "70026", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wilson Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Wilson Creek" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647850", "collectionId": "70027", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Radium Locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647854", "collectionId": "70029", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "10638", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Larimer", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Masonville locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in formation", "geogcomments": "near Masonville, CO" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647858", "collectionId": "70031", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "81134", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cactus Park Quarry 3A (CU-Denver)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "sec. 9, T14S, R99W" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647862", "collectionId": "68099", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28253", "collectionReferenceId": "57359", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sandoval", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-555, San Ysidro Camarasaurus Quarry", "collection_aka": "San Ysidro 1, Rigby's Camarasaurus, NM-3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ca. 27 m below base of overlying Jackpile Sandstone", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, SE 1/4, SW 1/4 of sec 22, T15N, R1E; near San Ysidro, in a small arroyo" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "688012", "collectionId": "73998", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24837", "collectionReferenceId": "53937", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aurora Quarry 3 (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Como Bluff", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Como Bluff, near Medicine Bow" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "688015", "collectionId": "74000", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24837", "collectionReferenceId": "54059", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Como Bluff (AMNH 222)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Como Bluff, near Medicine Bow" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "782368", "collectionId": "84308", "identifiedName": "cf. Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28253", "collectionReferenceId": "28253", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "McKinley", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Section 19 Mine (stope 4303)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "economic usage, \"Westwater Canyon Member\" synonymous with Salt Wash Member", "geogcomments": "from the underground workings of the Section 19 Mine; sec. 19, T14N, R9W - listed as Cibola Co. but coordinates are in McKinley Co. Bones discovered after blasting an access drift in waste rock in stope 4303." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "989286", "collectionId": "119021", "identifiedName": "cf. Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13886", "collectionReferenceId": "13886", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sandoval", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "McConnell I", "collection_aka": "MCI", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of member; 13 m below MCII site", "geogcomments": "2.8 km SE of Seismosaurus I (SSI)" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1033189", "collectionId": "126540", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus jimmadsoni", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41030", "collectionReferenceId": "41030", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dana Quarry", "collection_aka": "DQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 6-9 m above contact w/underlying Sundance Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dana Quarry, near Ten Sleep; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 6, T48N, R89W (title incorrectly states Big Horn Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1096564", "collectionId": "138442", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus europaeus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus europaeus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19890", "collectionReferenceId": "19890", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Louriñha", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Santa Rita/Praia Azul", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Praia de Vale Frades", "collection_aka": "Praia de Vale de Frades north", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"The specific area from which the fossil was obtained is uncertain, but it is believed to be from either the uppermost light-grey medium-sandstone body at the top of the Praia Azul Member or the base of the Santa Rita Member. These levels differ by approximately five meters between them.\"", "geogcomments": "discovered in a rockfall on the beach, Praia de Vale Frades, 5 km N of Louriñha\r\n\"Praia de Vale Frades, Lourinhã Municipality, central-west Portugal (ca. 39.27◦ N, 9.33◦ W).\"" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098144", "collectionId": "58514", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44416", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Wayne", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hanksville-Burpee Quarry", "collection_aka": "UT-1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of upper Brushy Basin Member", "geogcomments": "near Hanksville" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1197959", "collectionId": "154925", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50456", "collectionReferenceId": "50456", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Gunnison", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur Beach (CURE)", "collection_aka": "Curecanti, South Beach", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower than Dino Cove site", "geogcomments": "Dinosaur Beach, Blue Mesa Reservoir, Curecanti National Recreation Area" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1197963", "collectionId": "154924", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50456", "collectionReferenceId": "50456", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Gunnison", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Northern Dinosaur Beach (CURE)", "collection_aka": "Curecanti, North Beach II", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Northern Dinosaur Beach, Blue Mesa Reservoir, Curecanti National Recreation Area; includes extension known as North Beach II" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1248847", "collectionId": "39370", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53863", "collectionReferenceId": "7814", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 12, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Robber's Roost, WY-29, Robber's Gulch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 of sec. 18, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1248853", "collectionId": "164830", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus lucasi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus lucasi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montezuma", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "McElmo Canyon", "collection_aka": "Allosaurus lucasi type locality", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from \"top of the Morrison Formation\"", "geogcomments": "west of Cortez in McElmo Canyon, SW Colorado" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1254496", "collectionId": "166080", "identifiedName": "cf. Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54282", "collectionReferenceId": "54282", "cc": "FR", "state": "Rhone-Alpes", "county": "Haute-Savoie", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chavardon trail, Saléve tracksite", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "top of the Purbeck facies", "geogcomments": "near Saléve, in a steep, dangerous area just above the Chavardon trail leading to the Grotte de la Mule" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1317661", "collectionId": "55482", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "14966", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lynn Quarry", "collection_aka": "UW V-97014, Ninemile Hill, WY-84", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in Morrison Fm.", "geogcomments": "on Graff Ranch, about 13 km NNW of Como Bluff, a few km SW of Bone Cabin Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1317667", "collectionId": "176983", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry 1", "collection_aka": "WY-72", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1317674", "collectionId": "176985", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry 3", "collection_aka": "WY-74", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1320131", "collectionId": "177496", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "58659", "collectionReferenceId": "58659", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Otero", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Unit B", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Picketwire Canyonlands (upper)", "collection_aka": "Purgatory River, Purgatoire River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "in the canyonlands of the Purgatoire River (= Picketwire)" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1320133", "collectionId": "25141", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "58661", "collectionReferenceId": "12264", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Moffat", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Calico Gulch Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "Lily Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Calico Gulch Quarry at Lily Park, 195 miles from Dry Mesa Quarry, Moffat Co." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1358693", "collectionId": "184627", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61877", "collectionReferenceId": "61877", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Taildust Theropod Quarry, FPA (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "Fruita", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, above the local \"clay change\"", "geogcomments": "near Fruita, CO" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1377736", "collectionId": "188395", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63168", "collectionReferenceId": "63168", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Union County", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "5 km west of Exter", "collection_aka": "Exeter", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "5 km west of Exter (Exeter), on W side of CImarron River" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1396840", "collectionId": "192428", "identifiedName": "? Antrodemus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65131", "collectionReferenceId": "65131", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Montezuma Canyon", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from talus in Montezuma Canyon" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1396903", "collectionId": "22650", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65148", "collectionReferenceId": "50240", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Springs", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "BS Quarry + S Quarry, Warm Springs Ranch", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1524, Beside Sauropod, Sauropod, WY-98", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally entered as Cloverly (Aptian-Albian) but later abstract says Morrison; quarry has been placed just below the Kimm-Tith boundary", "geogcomments": "both Sauropod (S) and Beside Sauropods (BS) quarries are directly adjacent and in the same layer, so are here combined as one collection. Bones from different individuals are mixed throughout." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1397030", "collectionId": "192455", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65150", "collectionReferenceId": "65150", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fossil Ridge, FPA", "collection_aka": "Fruita, CO-33", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Fruita, CO" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1397885", "collectionId": "192707", "identifiedName": "? Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65403", "collectionReferenceId": "65403", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Springs", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Warm Springs Ranch tracksite, unit 1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "stratigraphic section 2, on the Warm Springs Ranch, SE of Thermopolis" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1401730", "collectionId": "193250", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31174", "collectionReferenceId": "65665", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 116, N.A.A. Quarry", "collection_aka": "Allosaurus Quarry, UT-20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation", "geogcomments": "ca. 1 km E of Dinosaur National Monument headquarters buildings and Carnegie Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1467171", "collectionId": "48171", "identifiedName": "? Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49550", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Meyer Site 2, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-73", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1494705", "collectionId": "46469", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71691", "collectionReferenceId": "12389", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Spring Hill, Howe Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates for nearby Shell, WY" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1494707", "collectionId": "49636", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus jimmadseni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71691", "collectionReferenceId": "5792", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Crook", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Little Houston Quarry (SDSM V9138, SDSM V941)", "collection_aka": "WY-11, Main Quarry, Mammal Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two closely spaced beds, Unit 2 and Unit 3", "geogcomments": "approx. 21 km W of Sundance, just N of Little Houston Creek. Includes both Main Quarry and Mammal Quarry, as the two are just 70 m apart and laterally continuous." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1523588", "collectionId": "213292", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73619", "collectionReferenceId": "73619", "cc": "DE", "state": "Lower Saxony", "county": "", "formation": "Lepidotus Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kahlberg near Echte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1523741", "collectionId": "24563", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73624", "collectionReferenceId": "6907", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Guimarota", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two lignite coal layers wth vertebrate fossils. Dated as Oxfordian based on microflora, Kimmeridgian based on ostracods. Recent work (Schudack 1993) favors Kimmeridgian.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1523742", "collectionId": "24563", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73624", "collectionReferenceId": "6907", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Guimarota", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two lignite coal layers wth vertebrate fossils. Dated as Oxfordian based on microflora, Kimmeridgian based on ostracods. Recent work (Schudack 1993) favors Kimmeridgian.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1523743", "collectionId": "24563", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73624", "collectionReferenceId": "6907", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Guimarota", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two lignite coal layers wth vertebrate fossils. Dated as Oxfordian based on microflora, Kimmeridgian based on ostracods. Recent work (Schudack 1993) favors Kimmeridgian.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1523744", "collectionId": "24563", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73624", "collectionReferenceId": "6907", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Guimarota", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two lignite coal layers wth vertebrate fossils. Dated as Oxfordian based on microflora, Kimmeridgian based on ostracods. Recent work (Schudack 1993) favors Kimmeridgian.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1523745", "collectionId": "24563", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73624", "collectionReferenceId": "6907", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Guimarota", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two lignite coal layers wth vertebrate fossils. Dated as Oxfordian based on microflora, Kimmeridgian based on ostracods. Recent work (Schudack 1993) favors Kimmeridgian.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1532903", "collectionId": "215054", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74176", "collectionReferenceId": "74175", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Fergus", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "JRDI Quarry 2, Spindletop Dome", "collection_aka": "Judith River Dinosaur Institute 5ES Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "47 m above Swift Formation", "geogcomments": "JRDI 5ES Quarry, on flanks of Spindletop Dome, near Grass Range; 5E Ranch Q2 Section; E1/2, NW 1/4, Sec 34 T13N, R23E, Tyler, MT; 46°50'46.65\"N, 108°47'35.76\"W" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1543896", "collectionId": "49636", "identifiedName": "? Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75375", "collectionReferenceId": "5792", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Crook", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Little Houston Quarry (SDSM V9138, SDSM V941)", "collection_aka": "WY-11, Main Quarry, Mammal Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two closely spaced beds, Unit 2 and Unit 3", "geogcomments": "approx. 21 km W of Sundance, just N of Little Houston Creek. Includes both Main Quarry and Mammal Quarry, as the two are just 70 m apart and laterally continuous." }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1561456", "collectionId": "220417", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus cf. fragilis", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus fragilis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76997", "collectionReferenceId": "76998", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aaron Scott Quarry [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. Em466V", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "Aaron Scott Quarry, on W flank of San Rafael Swell, SE of Ferron" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1587779", "collectionId": "224376", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheridan College Allosaur Quarry (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "vinicity of Poison Creek" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1606917", "collectionId": "227262", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82719", "collectionReferenceId": "82720", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nickopod Quarry (VMNH)", "collection_aka": "Coyote Basin", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's \"Unit I\"", "geogcomments": "\"Nickopod\" quarry, Coyote Basin" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1606923", "collectionId": "227263", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82719", "collectionReferenceId": "82719", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Little Al site (VMNH)", "collection_aka": "Coyote Basin", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's \"Unit I\"", "geogcomments": "\"Little Al\" site, Coyote Basin" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1609859", "collectionId": "227703", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82942", "collectionReferenceId": "82949", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Larimer", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UCM Loc. 86050", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"UCM L. 86050 is a roadcut in the Morrison Formation north of Ted’s Place along U.S. 287\"; also \"north of Laporte\" and 10 km NW of Fort Collins" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1629366", "collectionId": "230769", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bronte Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 1a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 77 W ., Sec 1" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1629377", "collectionId": "230770", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Claw Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 3c, Breakfast Bench", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 5.; along Breakfast Bench" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1629411", "collectionId": "230774", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85752", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nasa Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 9a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 4" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633384", "collectionId": "231532", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Gallatin", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "T and J Quarry", "collection_aka": "Ted and Jane Quarry, Toston, MT-6", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "? possibly below \"clay change\"", "geogcomments": "T and J (Ted and Jane) Quarry, Toston area" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633395", "collectionId": "231533", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Moffat", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wolf Creek Quarry", "collection_aka": "CO-17", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "Wolf Creek Quarry, N of Massadona, SE of Dinosaur National Monument" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633415", "collectionId": "207749", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheridan College Quarry 1", "collection_aka": "SCQ1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheridan College Quarry, ca. 20 mi. S of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633420", "collectionId": "207747", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Boris Quarry", "collection_aka": "Como Bluff", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Boris Quarry, near Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633422", "collectionId": "231534", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ferron Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in member", "geogcomments": "E of Ferron, in western San Rafarl Swell" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633440", "collectionId": "231545", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Truck Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 10c", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 6" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633632", "collectionId": "231568", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fredlin Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 25a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A, just below caliche boundary", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N., R. 77W., Sec. 1" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633634", "collectionId": "231569", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mel's Femur Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 25a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 6" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633656", "collectionId": "231581", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85715", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 15", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur National Monument; UT-17", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "within Dinosaur National Monument, 60-90 m from the Carnegie Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633659", "collectionId": "231583", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 5", "collection_aka": "UT-14, Dinosaur National Monument", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of member", "geogcomments": "west of Green River, Dinosaur National Monument" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633671", "collectionId": "231594", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Saguache", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Los Ocho Mine", "collection_aka": "Los Ochos", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Los Ocho Mine" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633705", "collectionId": "231615", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Summit", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Heeney", "collection_aka": "Green Mountain Reservoir", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Henney, near Green Mountain Reservoir along Blue River" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633714", "collectionId": "231619", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "81134", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wolny Site", "collection_aka": "Wolney Site", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower to middle part of member", "geogcomments": "Fruita Paleontological Area, N flank of Al Look Hill" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633722", "collectionId": "231620", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lower Split Rock Site 1", "collection_aka": "Rabbit Valley; CO-24", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower sandstone bed", "geogcomments": "near Split Rock, Rabbit Valley" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1685352", "collectionId": "49338", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus anax n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus anax", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90751", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 1, Kenton (OMNH V92)", "collection_aka": "OK-1, WPA, OMNH Quarry 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12.04 m below top of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co. On Hwy 64, about 100 yds E of bridge crossing Carrizo Creek, 10 mi E of NM-OK line" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1685355", "collectionId": "49338", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90751", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 1, Kenton (OMNH V92)", "collection_aka": "OK-1, WPA, OMNH Quarry 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12.04 m below top of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co. On Hwy 64, about 100 yds E of bridge crossing Carrizo Creek, 10 mi E of NM-OK line" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1699472", "collectionId": "240799", "identifiedName": "cf. Creosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81509", "collectionReferenceId": "81509", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "McKinley", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Lake Store", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. McElmo Formation", "geogcomments": "near the cliffs at Red Lake Store, on the Kaibito Plateau" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1700488", "collectionId": "240960", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92238", "collectionReferenceId": "92238", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cosm Quarry", "collection_aka": "Cosm-II, Bobcat Hill", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "2-3 closely spaced bone-bearing layers", "geogcomments": "approximate location: \"Cosm Quarry is located close to the southern border of Big Horn County, northwest from Ten Sleep, near an area known to the locals as Bobcat Hill/Ridge\"" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1700511", "collectionId": "240960", "identifiedName": "? Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92238", "collectionReferenceId": "92238", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cosm Quarry", "collection_aka": "Cosm-II, Bobcat Hill", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "2-3 closely spaced bone-bearing layers", "geogcomments": "approximate location: \"Cosm Quarry is located close to the southern border of Big Horn County, northwest from Ten Sleep, near an area known to the locals as Bobcat Hill/Ridge\"" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2055665", "collectionId": "38680", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94124", "collectionReferenceId": "10381", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Andrès (MNHN-UL)", "collection_aka": "Andrés. Andres, Pombal", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Camadas de Alcobaça, could also be from lowermost Bombarral Formation (= Grès superiores); Malafaia et al 2010 consider the site to be ?upper Kimmeridgian to Tithonian in age\r\n\r\n Previously assigned to Bombarral Formation. Lourinhã Fm is considered late Kimmeridgian-late Tithonian and it incorporates the Alcobaça Fm (Kimmeridgian) and the Bombarral Fm (also known as Grés Superiores; late Tithonian-early Berrisian). Taylor et al. 2013 suggested the Lourinhã Fm be subdivided into members, but Mateus et al. 2017 proposed a revised stratiraphy of the Luisitanian Basin. The Alcobaça Formation is Late Kimmeridigan and overlain by the Lourinha Formation. The Lourinhã Formation is made up of the Praia da Amoreira and Porto Novo (late Kimmeridgian) members, Praia Azul member (latest Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian) and the Assenta member (late Tithonian-earliest Berrisian). The Lourinha Formation is overlain by the Porto da Calada Formation (Berrisian).", "geogcomments": "near village of Andrés, parish of Santiago de Litém, Leiria district, Pombal, W-central Portugal, about 135 km NNE of Lisbon; region of Bombal Litoral, Mamede Sub-basin" }, { "genusId": "38590", "genus": "Allosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056515", "collectionId": "277753", "identifiedName": "Allosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Allosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aurora Quarry 4 (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Como Bluff", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Como Bluff, near Medicine Bow" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Allosaurus anax has a new diagnostic postorbital type and specific referred material from the Kenton Morrison quarries. It adds a species, not a new genus answer.", "references": [ { "id": "danison2024", "title": "Chimerism of specimens referred to Saurophaganax maximus reveals a new species of Allosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda)", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": "2024-12-21", "doi": "10.18435/vamp29404", "url": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_c/2024/Danison%2Bet%2Bal%2BSaurophaganax_dd.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Systematics", "OMNH 1123 discussion", "Allosaurus anax diagnosis", "Table 3 referrals", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Important version discrepancy: the DOI landing-page abstract says dual validity / valid diplodocid, but the final published PDF abstract and text explicitly state nomen dubium. Findings here follow the final 2024-12-21 PDF, not the stale landing-page abstract." } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Allosauridae", "Allosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "38590", "rationale": "Restore diagnosed family skipped by captured source branch.", "references": [ { "id": "allosaurus2025", "title": "Cranial osteology of a new specimen of Allosaurus Marsh, 1877 and specimen-level phylogenetic analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf029", "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf029", "year": 2025, "access": "Publisher original indexed abstract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Allosaurus retained within Allosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Allosauridae", "genus:38590" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38590" ], "candidateIds": [ "38590" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "391227", "name": "Almas", "displayName": "Almas", "attribution": "Pei et al. 2017", "rawAttribution": "Pei et al. 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=391227", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Almas" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "391227" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=391227", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Almas", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=391227" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "391227", "genus": "Almas", "occurrenceId": "1456457", "collectionId": "190544", "identifiedName": "Almas ukhaa n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Almas ukhaa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69687", "collectionReferenceId": "64073", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ukhaa Tolgod (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Almas" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "genus:391227" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "391227", "65529" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "djadokhta", "omnogov" ], "label": "Djadokhta Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "1456457", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daliansaurus", "Gobivenator", "Harenadraco", "Papiliovenator", "Pectinodon", "Sinusonasus", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Almas": [ "1456457" ], "Archaeornithoides": [ "490894" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "391227", "65529" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "249147", "name": "Alnashetri", "displayName": "Alnashetri", "attribution": "Makovicky et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Makovicky et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=249147", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Alnashetri" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "162354", "64116", "249147" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. Animal-based feeding is the broad guild; later derived small forms may specialise on insects. Insectivore is a qualified subtype, not proof of exclusively ants or termites. Explicit early-genus profiles override this rule.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] }, { "id": "G3", "title": "Growth and miniaturization among alvarezsauroid dinosaurs", "authors": "Qin et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "citation verified in D6; full paper not read in this task", "dietSupport": "Used only as background for the later miniaturisation/insectivory hypothesis; not sufficient alone to assign a particular genus an exclusive insect diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=249147", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Alnashetri", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=249147" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "249147", "genus": "Alnashetri", "occurrenceId": "1555179", "collectionId": "206599", "identifiedName": "Alnashetri cerropoliciensis", "acceptedName": "Alnashetri cerropoliciensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76338", "collectionReferenceId": "76338", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Candeleros", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Cerro Policía", "collection_aka": "La Buitrera Paleontological Area, LBPA, Cerro Policia", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The outcrops exposed at the LBPA belong to the upper section of the Candeleros Formation, the basal unit of the Neuquén Group, which is considered to have accumulated during the Cenomanian\r\nWithin each of these localities, snake remains were recovered from a large number of different sublocalities, sites, or one-off quarries.", "geogcomments": "All the specimens of Najash come from the LBPA, a vast area in the Río Negro province (northern Patagonia, Argentina), northwest of the town of Cerro Policía, which includes within its extension a number of paleontological localities: La Buitrera, Cerro Policía, El Loro, La Escondida, and El Pueblito. This locality is Cerro Policia, named for a prominent hill in the southern part of the LBPA." }, { "genusId": "249147", "genus": "Alnashetri", "occurrenceId": "1598309", "collectionId": "225915", "identifiedName": "Alnashetri cerropoliciensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Alnashetri cerropoliciensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43343", "collectionReferenceId": "37372", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Candeleros", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "La Buitrera (Hoyada de los esfenodontes)", "collection_aka": "He1, He2, La Buitrera Paleontological Area, LBPA", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper member of formation\r\n\"it is now considered that the Candeleros Formation is wholly Cenomanian, likely lower Cenomanian (Garrido 2010)\" (Rougier et al. 2011)", "geogcomments": "In NW Patagonia ca. 80 km SW of Cipolletti close to the S shore of Lake Ezequiel Ramos-Mexía, 30 km S of El Chocón. Near Cerro Policia. Includes the \"Hoyada de los esfenodontes 1\" and \"Hoyada de los esfenodontes 2\" sublocalities." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Alnashetri" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "alvarezsaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Add conventional maniraptoran ancestors; this is chosen game topology, not proof every competing high-level analysis is false.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Alvarezsauria", "clade:Alvarezsauroidea", "clade:Alvarezsauridae", "genus:249147" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "candidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "414475", "name": "Analong", "displayName": "Analong", "attribution": "Ren et al. 2021", "rawAttribution": "Ren et al. 2021", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=414475", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Analong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "53026", "414475" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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(2015).\r\n\r\nOriginally assigned to Lufeng but ascribed to Upper Jurassic based on vertebrate fossils. Considered base (lower member) of Upper Lufeng and thus early Middle Jurassic by Wu et al. 2009 (equivalent to Chuanjie Fm.)", "geogcomments": "S slope of hill, 50 m from highway connecting Kunming and Dali. Approx. 20 km S/SE of Lufeng, near Lao Chang Qing (= Laochangjing), A'na village, Chuanjie township, Lufeng county (GPS: 24°58'20.84\"N, 102° 4'34.31\"E)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Analong" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Mamenchisauridae", "genus:414475" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "414475", "71525" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "chuanjie", "yunnan" ], "label": "Chuanjie Formation · Yunnan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1499899", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Analong", "Chuanjiesaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Analong": [ "1499899" ], "Chuanjiesaurus": [ "651334" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "414475", "71525" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66592", "name": "Anasazisaurus", "displayName": "Anasazisaurus", "attribution": "Hunt and Lucas 1993", "rawAttribution": "Hunt and Lucas 1993", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66592", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Anasazisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "66592" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66592", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Anasazisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66592" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66592", "genus": "Anasazisaurus", "occurrenceId": "715657", "collectionId": "76753", "identifiedName": "Anasazisaurus horneri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anasazisaurus horneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1965", "collectionReferenceId": "1965", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Farmington", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Betonnie Tstosie Wash (BYU)", "collection_aka": "KU-16, Kimbeto Arroyo", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Kirtlandian, \"a little older than 73 Ma\" - member assignment is disputed.", "geogcomments": "NW flank of Betonnie Tstosie Wash; SE 1/4, sec 8, T22N, R9W. Same as historic KU-16 site (Black Ridge), also referred to as Kimbeto Arroyo in ref 1965" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Anasazisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "hadrosaur-saurolophine-working-model", "rationale": "Reconcile imported traditional crestless-hadrosaur branches with the chosen basal-Hadrosaurus topology; preserve all finer descendants and apply the Hadrosaurus genus override last. This is a topology choice, not a synonym assertion.", "references": [ { "id": "addendum-madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary article indexed full-text extracts of the Hadrosaurinae, Saurolophinae and Brachylophosaurini entries; direct PMC open CAPTCHA and PeerJ open 403.", "finding": "Hadrosaurinae has Hadrosaurus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier. Saurolophinae has Saurolophus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier, with an additional exclusion condition for Hadrosaurus. These names are topology-dependent alternatives for the Saurolophus branch; they are not unconditional synonyms. Brachylophosaurini explicitly excludes Hadrosaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn656search0", "turn659search0" ] }, { "id": "addendum-ma2026", "title": "First Report of a Hollow Cranial Crest in an Early-Diverging Duck-Billed Dinosaur, with Implications for Convergent Evolution of Acoustic Signaling", "doi": "10.3390/biology15080615", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/15/8/615", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-04-13", "access": "Primary publisher indexed full-text section 5; direct open 429.", "finding": "Updated hadrosauroid analysis recovers Hadrosaurus as the earliest-diverging hadrosaurid, separate from Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae. This supplies a recent primary precedent for the chosen basal placement.", "webRefs": [ "turn670search0" ] } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Saurolophinae", "genus:66592" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "516650", "66592", "358686", "461658", "461656", "305972", "38781" ], "candidateIds": [ "516650", "66592" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "kirtland" ], "label": "Kirtland Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "715657", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ahshislesaurus", "Anasazisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bonapartesaurus", "Huallasaurus", "Kelumapusaura", "Rhinorex", "Secernosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ahshislesaurus": [ "528343", "590222", "2042756" ], "Anasazisaurus": [ "715657" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "516650", "66592" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38852", "name": "Anchiceratops", "displayName": "Anchiceratops", "attribution": "Brown 1914", "rawAttribution": "Brown 1914", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38852", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Anchiceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "52773", "38852" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38852", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Anchiceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38852" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Fowler and Freedman Fowler (2020), Transitional evolutionary forms in chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs", "url": "https://peerj.com/articles/9251/", "access": "Publisher/PMC indexed full-text passages; publisher access blocked" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38852", "genus": "Anchiceratops", "occurrenceId": "297616", "collectionId": "28548", "identifiedName": "Anchiceratops longirostris n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anchiceratops ornatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7884", "collectionReferenceId": "7884", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "12 miles north of Morrin (70 ft level)", "collection_aka": "A. longirostris type", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec. 8, T32, R21, W 4th principal meridian, on the W side of and 70 feet above the Red Deer River. About 12 miles N (or NW) of Morrin, AT, approximately the same locality as for the types of Anchiceratops ornatus Brown 1914." }, { "genusId": "38852", "genus": "Anchiceratops", "occurrenceId": "513821", "collectionId": "52072", "identifiedName": "Anchiceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Anchiceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13943", "collectionReferenceId": "62727", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "St. Mary River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Scabby Butte, Site 2", "collection_aka": "NMC Locality P-5510", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "On the westerly escarpment in SE1/4, SE1/4, sec. 19" }, { "genusId": "38852", "genus": "Anchiceratops", "occurrenceId": "606103", "collectionId": "64629", "identifiedName": "Anchiceratops ornatus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anchiceratops ornatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18646", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "7 miles below Tolman Ferry (50 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Anchiceratops type, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Red Deer River, 7 mi below Tolman Ferry, 5o ft above river" }, { "genusId": "38852", "genus": "Anchiceratops", "occurrenceId": "606104", "collectionId": "64630", "identifiedName": "Anchiceratops ornatus", "acceptedName": "Anchiceratops ornatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18646", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "10 miles below Tolman Ferry (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "W bank, Red Deer River, approx. 10 mi below Tolman Ferry, 150 ft above river. ?sec 32, T31, R21. Close to type locality of Leurospondylus ultimus." }, { "genusId": "38852", "genus": "Anchiceratops", "occurrenceId": "1391276", "collectionId": "191401", "identifiedName": "Anchiceratops ornatus", "acceptedName": "Anchiceratops ornatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "7.5 miles southwest of Morrin [NMC]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "7.5 mi SW of Morrin" }, { "genusId": "38852", "genus": "Anchiceratops", "occurrenceId": "1391290", "collectionId": "191402", "identifiedName": "Anchiceratops ornatus", "acceptedName": "Anchiceratops ornatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "6 miles west of Morrin", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "6 miles W of Morrin" }, { "genusId": "38852", "genus": "Anchiceratops", "occurrenceId": "1472806", "collectionId": "76062", "identifiedName": "? Anchiceratops ornatus", "acceptedName": "Anchiceratops ornatus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70521", "collectionReferenceId": "25756", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Danek Bonebed (TMP L2379)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Danek Bonebed, in south-suburban Edmonton, along the banks of Whitemud Creek (according to news reports)" }, { "genusId": "38852", "genus": "Anchiceratops", "cc": "CA", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-4", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Anchiceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Chasmosaurinae", "genus:38852" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "38852", "38855", "38859" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "st. mary river" ], "label": "St. Mary River Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "513821", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anchiceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Chasmosaurus", "Pentaceratops" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anchiceratops": [ "513821" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38852", "38855", "38859" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "155058", "name": "Anchiornis", "displayName": "Anchiornis", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=155058", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Anchiornis" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "155058" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Animal feeding directly documented; omnivory remains compatible because exclusivity is not observed.; Associated fish/lizard pellets", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "direct-regurgitated-prey-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=155058", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Anchiornis", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=155058" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Targeted review", "url": "audit.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "155058", "genus": "Anchiornis", "occurrenceId": "829458", "collectionId": "91487", "identifiedName": "Anchiornis huxleyi", "acceptedName": "Anchiornis huxleyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30823", "collectionReferenceId": "30823", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Jianchang", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Daxishan", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"The Tiaojishan Formation is generally regarded as Middle (Zhang & Zheng 1991; Liu et al. 2006; Cheng & Li 2007) to Upper Jurassic (Chang et al. 2009) (Late Bathonian-Early Kimmeridgian) in age, although it may date to the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) in Jianchang County (Davis et al. 2001). The unit has been dated using radiometric techniques at 169-152 Mya by Liu et al. (2006) and 165-156 Mya by Zhang et al. (2008).\" (Lü et al. 2010, Proceedings B: supplement)\r\n\r\n160 Ma according to Bi et al 2014 (supp info)", "geogcomments": "\"Daxishan locality, Jianchang County\" (coordinate based on Daxishan)" }, { "genusId": "155058", "genus": "Anchiornis", "occurrenceId": "929493", "collectionId": "106306", "identifiedName": "Anchiornis huxleyi", "acceptedName": "Anchiornis huxleyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56199", "collectionReferenceId": "35452", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Jianchang", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Yaolugou locality", "collection_aka": "Jianchang", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Not clear if specimens come from one or multiple beds. \r\n\r\n\"The Tiaojishan Formation is generally regarded as Middle (Zhang & Zheng 1991; Liu et al. 2006; Cheng & Li 2007) to Upper Jurassic (Chang et al. 2009) (Late Bathonian-Early Kimmeridgian) in age, although it may date to the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) in Jianchang County (Davis et al. 2001). The unit has been dated using radiometric techniques at 169-152 Mya by Liu et al. (2006) and 165-156 Mya by Zhang et al. (2008).\" (Lü et al. 2010, Proc Roy Soc B 277, 383-389: supplement)", "geogcomments": "\"Yaolugou\", Jianchang county, W Liaoning. Not clear if this is a single locality or multiple within a local area. " }, { "genusId": "155058", "genus": "Anchiornis", "occurrenceId": "1191912", "collectionId": "92421", "identifiedName": "Anchiornis huxleyi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anchiornis huxleyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35452", "collectionReferenceId": "31153", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Jianchang", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Daxishan, Linglongta", "collection_aka": "Wukongopterus, Darwinopterus type locality, Linglengta", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Wang et al. (2009) referred to this locality as from the Daohugou Formation (?Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous), while Lü et al. (2009) suggested that it is the Tiaojishan Formation (Middle Jurassic). \r\n\r\n\"The Tiaojishan Formation is generally regarded as Middle (Zhang & Zheng 1991; Liu et al. 2006; Cheng & Li 2007) to Upper Jurassic (Chang et al. 2009) (Late Bathonian-Early Kimmeridgian) in age, although it may date to the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) in Jianchang County (Davis et al. 2001). The unit has been dated using radiometric techniques at 169-152 Mya by Liu et al. (2006) and 165-156 Mya by Zhang et al. (2008).\" (Lü et al. 2010: supplement)", "geogcomments": "Daxishan fossil site, Longlongta town, Jianchang county; section extends from 40° 51' 45\" N, 119° 59' 59\" E (240 m asl) to 40° 52' 20\" N, 119° 59' 03\" E (309m asl)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Anchiornis" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] }, { "id": "155058", "rationale": "Use stable Paraves rather than inconsistent Troodontidae/Anchiornithidae fine assignments. Do not use a working move to alter PBDB-defined bird-subtree roster scope.", "references": [ { "id": "foth2017", "title": "Re-evaluation of the Haarlem Archaeopteryx and the radiation of maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5712154/", "doi": "10.1186/s12862-017-1076-y", "year": 2017, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ostromia and Anchiornis placed within Anchiornithidae near early avialans; conflicts with troodontid placement." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "genus:155058" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "255864", "38565", "68247", "372484", "193133" ], "candidateIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning" ], "label": "Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "1191912", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Eosinopteryx", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Caihong", "Paronychodon", "Pedopenna" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anchiornis": [ "829458", "929493", "1191912" ], "Eosinopteryx": [ "1097931" ], "Serikornis": [ "1407965" ], "Xiaotingia": [ "964027" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38637", "name": "Anchisaurus", "displayName": "Anchisaurus", "attribution": "Marsh 1885", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1885", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38637", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Anchisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "38637" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Anchisaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Plant dependence is broadly supported by craniodental evolution; feeding specialisation varies and exclusivity is not assumed.", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38637", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Anchisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38637" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38637", "genus": "Anchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "477078", "collectionId": "47197", "identifiedName": "Anchisaurus major n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anchisaurus polyzelus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10620", "collectionReferenceId": "10620", "cc": "US", "state": "Connecticut", "county": "Hartford", "formation": "Portland", "member": "", "geological_group": "Agawam", "collection_name": "Wolcott quarry, Manchester", "collection_aka": "Buckland Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two layers within 5 m of one another; high in the \"Portland Arkose\"", "geogcomments": "in quarry of Mr. Charles O. Wolcott, about 1 mile N of Buckland station, Manchester" }, { "genusId": "38637", "genus": "Anchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "477079", "collectionId": "47197", "identifiedName": "Anchisaurus colurus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anchisaurus polyzelus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12251", "collectionReferenceId": "10620", "cc": "US", "state": "Connecticut", "county": "Hartford", "formation": "Portland", "member": "", "geological_group": "Agawam", "collection_name": "Wolcott quarry, Manchester", "collection_aka": "Buckland Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two layers within 5 m of one another; high in the \"Portland Arkose\"", "geogcomments": "in quarry of Mr. Charles O. Wolcott, about 1 mile N of Buckland station, Manchester" }, { "genusId": "38637", "genus": "Anchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "477080", "collectionId": "47197", "identifiedName": "Anchisaurus solus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anchisaurus polyzelus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10622", "collectionReferenceId": "10620", "cc": "US", "state": "Connecticut", "county": "Hartford", "formation": "Portland", "member": "", "geological_group": "Agawam", "collection_name": "Wolcott quarry, Manchester", "collection_aka": "Buckland Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two layers within 5 m of one another; high in the \"Portland Arkose\"", "geogcomments": "in quarry of Mr. Charles O. Wolcott, about 1 mile N of Buckland station, Manchester" }, { "genusId": "38637", "genus": "Anchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "477083", "collectionId": "47199", "identifiedName": "Megadactylus polyzelus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anchisaurus polyzelus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30861", "collectionReferenceId": "23643", "cc": "US", "state": "Massachusetts", "county": "Hampden", "formation": "Portland", "member": "", "geological_group": "Agawam", "collection_name": "Springfield Armory", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also called \"Portland beds\", Longmeadow Sandstone", "geogcomments": "discovered during blasting at the Water shops, Mill Pond, U.S. Armory, Springfield, MA" }, { "genusId": "38637", "genus": "Anchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "520110", "collectionId": "52965", "identifiedName": "Anchisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Anchisaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85047", "collectionReferenceId": "14628", "cc": "US", "state": "Massachusetts", "county": "Franklin", "formation": "Portland", "member": "", "geological_group": "Agawam", "collection_name": "Greenfield \"bone locality\" (YPM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also called \"Longmeadow Sandstone\"", "geogcomments": "0.5 mi N of Greenfield, in red sandstone quarry" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Anchisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "genus:38637" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38637" ], "candidateIds": [ "38637" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "58917", "name": "Andesaurus", "displayName": "Andesaurus", "attribution": "Calvo and Bonaparte 1991", "rawAttribution": "Calvo and Bonaparte 1991", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58917", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Andesaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "58917" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58917", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Andesaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58917" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "58917", "genus": "Andesaurus", "occurrenceId": "460637", "collectionId": "45409", "identifiedName": "Andesaurus delgadoi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Andesaurus delgadoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11825", "collectionReferenceId": "11825", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "Confluencia", "formation": "Candeleros", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Villa El Chocón, 5 km southwest (MUCP)", "collection_aka": "Andesaurus delgadoi type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Río Limay Subgroup; 10 m from base of section (lower part of formation)", "geogcomments": "5 km SW of El Chocón, Dept. Confluencia, Neuquén province, Patagonia, Argentina" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Andesaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "genus:58917" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "58917" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "candeleros" ], "label": "Candeleros Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "460637", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Andesaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Andesaurus": [ "460637" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "58917" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64275", "name": "Angaturama", "displayName": "Angaturama", "attribution": "Kellner and Campos 1996", "rawAttribution": "Kellner and Campos 1996", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64275", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Spinosaurinae", "Angaturama" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38595", "53371", "64275" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64275", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Angaturama", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64275" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64275", "genus": "Angaturama", "occurrenceId": "508710", "collectionId": "51693", "identifiedName": "Angaturama limai n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Angaturama limai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13765", "collectionReferenceId": "13765", "cc": "BR", "state": "Ceará", "county": "", "formation": "Romualdo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Santana", "collection_name": "Angaturama type, Chapada do Araripe [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "Araripe Plateau", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "From Melo et al. 2020: In summary, this integrated study of foraminifera, ostracodes and other microfossil data from the Romualdo Formation indicates that the local Alagoas Stage (Ostracoda Zone RT-011) can now be constrained to the Aptian. 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(originally Converse and not Weston Co.), Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38837", "genus": "Ankylosaurus", "occurrenceId": "464522", "collectionId": "45879", "identifiedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "acceptedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11822", "collectionReferenceId": "11822", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Powder River", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "east side, Powder River drainage, CCM V03", "collection_aka": "Ekalaka Ankylosaurus site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in formation", "geogcomments": "about 24 km S of Powderville, MT; E side along Powder River drainage. R1S, T53E" }, { "genusId": "38837", "genus": "Ankylosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488358", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "acceptedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12202", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38837", "genus": "Ankylosaurus", "occurrenceId": "591635", "collectionId": "62535", "identifiedName": "? Ankylosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ankylosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15088", "collectionReferenceId": "18036", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "2 mi northwest of Ojo Alamo Store (USNM)", "collection_aka": "Gilmore locality 59", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "20 ft below the conglomerate", "geogcomments": "2 mi NW of Ojo Alamo Store" }, { "genusId": "38837", "genus": "Ankylosaurus", "occurrenceId": "700664", "collectionId": "14544", "identifiedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "acceptedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71136", "collectionReferenceId": "1419", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Baba O'Reilly (UW V-93002)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38837", "genus": "Ankylosaurus", "occurrenceId": "700722", "collectionId": "14541", "identifiedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "acceptedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71136", "collectionReferenceId": "1419", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "A Gathering of Ankylosaurs (UW V-92027)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38837", "genus": "Ankylosaurus", "occurrenceId": "700759", "collectionId": "75289", "identifiedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "acceptedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71136", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-92041, Return of the Happy Little Elf", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38837", "genus": "Ankylosaurus", "occurrenceId": "702694", "collectionId": "75430", "identifiedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "acceptedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71136", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-92012, No Ankylosaurs in Site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38837", "genus": "Ankylosaurus", "occurrenceId": "702718", "collectionId": "75435", "identifiedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "acceptedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71136", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93016, Won't Anton Be Jealous", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38837", "genus": "Ankylosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1486478", "collectionId": "206819", "identifiedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "acceptedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64040", "collectionReferenceId": "64040", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south of Simmie (RSM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coulee S of Simmie" }, { "genusId": "38837", "genus": "Ankylosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1588501", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "acceptedName": "Ankylosaurus magniventris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Ankylosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "clade:Ankylosaurinae", "genus:38837" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "candidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "63439", "name": "Anodontosaurus", "displayName": "Anodontosaurus", "attribution": "Sternberg 1929", "rawAttribution": "Sternberg 1929", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63439", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Euoplocephalini", "Anodontosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52798", "374251", "63439" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63439", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Anodontosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63439" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463382", "collectionId": "45733", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12107", "collectionReferenceId": "62882", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "8 miles southwest of Morrin (90 ft level) [NMC]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "8-9 coal", "geogcomments": "Sec 5 (Lambe lists sec. 3), T31, R21, W of 4th meridian; 90 ft above Red Deer River, 8 miles SW of Morrin, opposite Neil's ranch house on the river" }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513437", "collectionId": "51966", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "58800", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "3.5 miles below Tolman Ferry (100 ft level)", "collection_aka": "AMNH", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "approx. 3.5 mi below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, R bank, 100 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1134937", "collectionId": "11899", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46759", "collectionReferenceId": "54104", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Morrin", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "2 miles below Tolman Ferry (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation (\"Edmonton B\"); 350 feet below top", "geogcomments": "section 12?, township 33, range 22, W 4th meridian; 150 feet above east bank of Red Deer River, 2 miles below Tolman Ferry" }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1134942", "collectionId": "64630", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46759", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "10 miles below Tolman Ferry (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "W bank, Red Deer River, approx. 10 mi below Tolman Ferry, 150 ft above river. ?sec 32, T31, R21. Close to type locality of Leurospondylus ultimus." }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1134980", "collectionId": "94370", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46759", "collectionReferenceId": "4218", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Fox Coulee Quarry", "collection_aka": "FC, Midland Provincial Park, Day Digs", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Fox Coulee, about 3 km E of the RTMP. LSD 14-16-29-20W4; on E side of the abandoned railroad right-of-way in Midland Provincial Park. Listed in Bogner et al. 2005: 2001 Day Digs Site, 12U0377631 UTM 5704236; Dominion Land Survey SW 1/4-2-16-29-20-W4M" }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1134990", "collectionId": "144561", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46759", "collectionReferenceId": "46759", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Morrin", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Rosebud Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Rosebud Creek, S12 T027N R22W 04; UTM = 12; 362800; 5684000" }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1200020", "collectionId": "155221", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus inceptus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus inceptus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "46759", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hilda, South Saskatchewan River (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"about 30m above the Oldman/Dinosaur Park contact; DPF in this area is about 60m thick; specimen’s stratigraphic position correlates roughly with middle of DPF at Dinosaur Provincial Park\"", "geogcomments": "Hilda; UTM = 12; 543367; 5596003" }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1200021", "collectionId": "155222", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46759", "collectionReferenceId": "46759", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Drumheller", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Day Digs trail, Bleriot ferry, Red Deer River (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation (\"Edmonton A\")\r\nFor revised age stratigraphy of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, see Eberth and Braman 2012 and Eberth et al. 2020", "geogcomments": "Bleriot Ferry, Drumheller Valley; Horsethief Canyon, northern portion, along trail to TMP Day Digs bonebed excavation" }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1200022", "collectionId": "155224", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus inceptus", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus inceptus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "54104", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "near mouth of Berry Creek (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "precise stratigraphic locality unknown", "geogcomments": "Near mouth of Berry Creek" }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1200023", "collectionId": "155226", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46759", "collectionReferenceId": "46759", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Three Hills Locality (TMP)", "collection_aka": "Three Hills Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Three Hills Locality, Three Hills Creek, S16 T020N R22W 04; UTM = 12: 359755; 5714550; Three Hills Creek, downstream from HWY 836 intersection with creek." }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1200024", "collectionId": "155227", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46759", "collectionReferenceId": "62882", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Joe's place, 7 miles northwest of Morrin (50 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "7 mi. W, 2 mi. N of Morrin, Alta, sec. 28, T. 31, R. 21, on old Joe’s place…E side of river about 50 ft above the water.”; “2 mi up river from Starland Rec Area (east side)”" }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1373086", "collectionId": "155225", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46759", "collectionReferenceId": "62882", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Neal's Ranch, 7 miles southwest of Morrin (75 ft level) [ROM]", "collection_aka": "Neill's ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "opposite Neal’s ranch, sec. 10, T. 31, R. 21. Found 7 mi SW of Morrin, about 75 ft above the water." }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1413467", "collectionId": "155223", "identifiedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46759", "collectionReferenceId": "17500", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Morrin", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "1.5 miles below Tolman Ferry (30 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "1.5 mi. below (listed as 0.5 miles above in later papers) Tolman Ferry, left bank, 30 ft. above river" }, { "genusId": "63439", "genus": "Anodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1662232", "collectionId": "229870", "identifiedName": "cf. Anodontosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Anodontosaurus lambei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89296", "collectionReferenceId": "84397", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Felber Troodontid Site 2", "collection_aka": "FTS-2, Felber-Dohy Troodontid Site 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farther north than L2000 in Horsethief Canyon, near the Morrin Bridge. Site is \"in Treaty 7 Territory, the traditional home of the Kanai (Blood), Tsuu T’ina (Sacree), Siksika (Blackfoot), Piikani (Peigan), and Nakoda (Stoney) First Nations, and Métis Nation.\" (GPS: 12U 368023, 5726540, WGS 84)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Euoplocephalini", "Anodontosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "clade:Ankylosaurinae", "clade:Euoplocephalini", "genus:63439" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "candidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372266", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Anomalipes", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372266" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "372266", "genus": "Anomalipes", "occurrenceId": "1407531", "collectionId": "91473", "identifiedName": "Anomalipes zhaoi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anomalipes zhaoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66090", "collectionReferenceId": "30820", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Zhucheng", "formation": "Hongtuya", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wangshi", "collection_name": "Kugou Quarry, Zhucheng", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "bonebed(s) Kugou locality, near Zhucheng" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Anomalipes" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "clade:Caenagnathidae", "genus:372266" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "372266", "372793", "103707" ], "candidateIds": [ "372266", "372793", "103707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38745", "name": "Anoplosaurus", "displayName": "Anoplosaurus", "attribution": "Seeley 1879", "rawAttribution": "Seeley 1879", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38745", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Anoplosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "38745" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66671", "name": "Anserimimus", "displayName": "Anserimimus", "attribution": "Barsbold 1988", "rawAttribution": "Barsbold 1988", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66671", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Anserimimus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "55491", "38539", "66671" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad plant-based or mixed compatibility is defensible for derived forms; Deinocheirus has direct fish evidence. 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Harpymimus assignment not a simple database error." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Ornithomimosauria", "clade:Ornithomimidae", "genus:66671" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370065", "66671", "38540", "519528", "38547", "176037", "68341" ], "candidateIds": [ "66671", "38547" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "nemegt" ], "label": "Nemegt Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "513562", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anserimimus", "Gallimimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aepyornithomimus", "Archaeornithomimus", "Dzharacursor", "Qiupalong", "Sinornithomimus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anserimimus": [ "513562", "1626728" ], "Gallimimus": [ "387402", "403444", "404787", "534085", "1035257", "1058795", "1058796", "1058810", "1244156", "1267017", "1267110", "1267112", "1269348", "1337488", "1337490", "1337491", "1338362", "1338366", "1338412", "1338418", "1338419", "1338568", "1338569", "1338652", "1587770", "1619349", "2056773", "2056804" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66671", "38547" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38685", "name": "Antarctosaurus", "displayName": "Antarctosaurus", "attribution": "Huene 1927", "rawAttribution": "Huene 1927", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38685", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Antarctosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "71974", "38685" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Egg from the lower part of the \"classic Rocanian locality of General Roca\"", "geogcomments": "close to R (S) bank of Río Negro, 15 km SW of General Roca, 4.5 km W of only bridge over the Río Negro" }, { "genusId": "38685", "genus": "Antarctosaurus", "occurrenceId": "508516", "collectionId": "51627", "identifiedName": "Antarctosaurus brasiliensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Antarctosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13713", "collectionReferenceId": "13713", "cc": "BR", "state": "São Paulo", "county": "", "formation": "Adamantina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Bauru", "collection_name": "São Jose do Río Preto–Barretos road", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Whereas a Turonian–Santonian age for the Adamantina Formation, based on ostracods and charophytes, has been proposed (Dias-Brito et al. 2001), other authors have argued for a Campanian–Maastrichtian age, based on vertebrate fossils and an alternative interpretation of the ostracod fauna (e.g. Gobbo-Rodrigues et al. 1999; Fernandes and Coimbra 2000). Most recently, stratigraphic work on the Bauru Basin has argued for a late Campanian–early Maastrichtian age for this stratigraphic unit (Batezelli 2017).", "geogcomments": "state road (ruta estatal) São Jose do Río Preto-Barretos, 5 km from Von Ihering locality (1911), NW São Paolo state" }, { "genusId": "38685", "genus": "Antarctosaurus", "occurrenceId": "544657", "collectionId": "57002", "identifiedName": "Antarctosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Antarctosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17380", "collectionReferenceId": "15373", "cc": "IN", "state": "Maharashtra", "county": "Nagpur", "formation": "Lameta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rajulwari village", "collection_aka": "Umrer, Umred", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Around Rajulwari village, N of Umrer (Umred)" }, { "genusId": "38685", "genus": "Antarctosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565616", "collectionId": "59147", "identifiedName": "Antarctosaurus wichmannianus", "acceptedName": "Antarctosaurus wichmannianus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16890", "collectionReferenceId": "16890", "cc": "UY", "state": "Soriano", "county": "", "formation": "Asencio", "member": "Del Palacio", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bermúdez, Drable-Palmitas", "collection_aka": "Arroyo La Lancha, Arroyo Maciel, Corralito, Mones Loc. 20, Drabble, La Laucha\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"upper Senonian\"", "geogcomments": "SE of Palmitas railway station, 10 km from Drable railway station, 80 km from Mercedes & 220 km from Montevideo. Between upper run of the Arroyo Maciel and its northern tributary, Arroyo La Lancha, in open fields. 10 km W of José E. Rodó. Powell (2003): near village of Bermúdez, among arroyos La Lancha and Maceil, 35 km from Palmitas station. On lands of José Gallo. Mones (1997): includes arroyo Corralito" }, { "genusId": "38685", "genus": "Antarctosaurus", "occurrenceId": "950136", "collectionId": "26370", "identifiedName": "? 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "515869", "name": "Anteavis", "displayName": "Anteavis", "attribution": "Martínez et al. 2025", "rawAttribution": "Martínez et al. 2025", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=515869", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Anteavis" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "515869" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=515869", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Anteavis", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=515869" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "515869", "genus": "Anteavis", "occurrenceId": "2039749", "collectionId": "275596", "identifiedName": "Anteavis crurilongus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anteavis crurilongus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93285", "collectionReferenceId": "93285", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "", "formation": "Ischigualasto", "member": "Cancha de Bochas", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "North of Agua de la Peña", "collection_aka": "Anteavis crurilongus type locality, Ischigualasto", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower portion of the Cancha de Bochas Member, Ischigualasto Formation, late Carnian (slightly above a level radioisotopically dated to 231.4 ± 0.3 Ma. 105 m above the base of the Ischigualasto Formation", "geogcomments": "from the \"North of Agua de la Peña\" locality, Ischigualasto Provincial Park, Hoyada de Ischigualasto, San Juan Province, Argentina (30° 04′ S, 67° 56′ W)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Anteavis" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "genus:515869" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "515869", "174878", "430203" ], "candidateIds": [ "515869", "174878", "430203" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "57753", "name": "Antetonitrus", "displayName": "Antetonitrus", "attribution": "Yates and Kitching 2003", "rawAttribution": "Yates and Kitching 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57753", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Lessemsauridae", "Antetonitrus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "378704", "57753" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57753", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Antetonitrus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57753" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "57753", "genus": "Antetonitrus", "occurrenceId": "410610", "collectionId": "39659", "identifiedName": "Antetonitrus ingenipes n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Antetonitrus ingenipes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10741", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ladybrand", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Antetonitrus type, Welbedacht (611)/Edelweiss (698)", "collection_aka": "Ladybrand", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Originally thought to be from the lower member, but McPhee et al. (2017) demonstrate that it is more likely to be from the upper member", "geogcomments": "saddle between farms Welbedacht 611 and Edelweiss 698, Ladybrand district, Free State, South Africa" }, { "genusId": "57753", "genus": "Antetonitrus", "occurrenceId": "1608588", "collectionId": "227614", "identifiedName": "Antetonitrus ingenipes", "acceptedName": "Antetonitrus ingenipes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78574", "collectionReferenceId": "78574", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Excelsior district", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from the Excelsior District, Free State" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Lessemsauridae", "Antetonitrus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Lessemsauridae", "genus:57753" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57753" ], "candidateIds": [ "57753" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "290022", "name": "Anzu", "displayName": "Anzu", "attribution": "Lamanna et al. 2014", "rawAttribution": "Lamanna et al. 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=290022", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Caenagnathinae", "Anzu" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "54544", "67954", "290022" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. A blanket verified omnivore label is too strong; preserve potential animal supplementation and genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=290022", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Anzu", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=290022" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "290022", "genus": "Anzu", "occurrenceId": "1197891", "collectionId": "48235", "identifiedName": "Anzu wyliei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Anzu wyliei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50440", "collectionReferenceId": "7941", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sandy Site, KJ9536 (DMNH 1492)", "collection_aka": "Triebold's Sandy Site, KJ9536", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "-50m to Hell Creek-Fort Union contact datum, -50m to K-T boundary based on calculations in Johnson (2002)", "geogcomments": "Chimney Butte 7.5'" }, { "genusId": "290022", "genus": "Anzu", "occurrenceId": "1197990", "collectionId": "154928", "identifiedName": "Anzu wyliei", "acceptedName": "Anzu wyliei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50440", "collectionReferenceId": "50440", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "5 km northwest of Marmarth (MRF)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper 1/3 of formation", "geogcomments": "ca. 5 km NW of Marmarth, ND" }, { "genusId": "290022", "genus": "Anzu", "occurrenceId": "1380747", "collectionId": "189003", "identifiedName": "Anzu sp.", "acceptedName": "Anzu", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63480", "collectionReferenceId": "63480", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ninja Turtle locality", "collection_aka": "Ekalaka", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ninja Turtle locality is located in T1N, R55E near the town of Ekalaka, Carter County, southeastern Montana" }, { "genusId": "290022", "genus": "Anzu", "occurrenceId": "1554584", "collectionId": "48235", "identifiedName": "cf. Anzu wyliei", "acceptedName": "Anzu wyliei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76230", "collectionReferenceId": "7941", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sandy Site, KJ9536 (DMNH 1492)", "collection_aka": "Triebold's Sandy Site, KJ9536", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "-50m to Hell Creek-Fort Union contact datum, -50m to K-T boundary based on calculations in Johnson (2002)", "geogcomments": "Chimney Butte 7.5'" }, { "genusId": "290022", "genus": "Anzu", "occurrenceId": "1554594", "collectionId": "152397", "identifiedName": "cf. Anzu wyliei", "acceptedName": "Anzu wyliei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76231", "collectionReferenceId": "49049", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield County", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "45 km southwest of Jordan (NCD01)", "collection_aka": "Acheroraptor temertyorum type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "The holotype was found in strata of the Hell Creek Formation (Upper Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous)", "geogcomments": "Approximately 45 km southwest of the town of Jordan, Garfield County, MT, USA. ROM 53665 from same deposit, but 0.6 km away" }, { "genusId": "290022", "genus": "Anzu", "occurrenceId": "1588482", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Anzu wyliei", "acceptedName": "Anzu wyliei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Caenagnathinae", "Anzu" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "clade:Caenagnathidae", "clade:Caenagnathinae", "genus:290022" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "290022", "345864", "38558", "427201", "256492", "71334" ], "candidateIds": [ "290022" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "US", "north dakota" ], "label": "North Dakota · US", "occurrenceId": "1197990", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anzu" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Apatoraptor", "Caenagnathus", "Citipes", "Epichirostenotes", "Hagryphus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anzu": [ "1197990" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "290022" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "345412", "name": "Aoniraptor", "displayName": "Aoniraptor", "attribution": "Motta et al. 2016", "rawAttribution": "Motta et al. 2016", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=345412", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Megaraptora", "Aoniraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "160851", "345412" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Megaraptora predatory-relative bracket; rule MEGARAPTORA_ANIMAL_GUILD.", "references": [ { "id": "DE1", "title": "Latest Cretaceous megaraptorid theropod dinosaur sheds light on megaraptoran evolution and palaeobiology", "authors": "Ibiricu et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-025-63793-5", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-63793-5", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Publisher full text; abstract, descriptions and ecological discussion read", "dietSupport": "Megaraptora is characterized as predatory; Joaquinraptor preserves cutting teeth and a crocodyliform humerus between its jaws. The bone association is possible feeding evidence, not an attributable digestive residue.", "webRefs": [ "turn639view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "relative-inferred", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=345412", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Aoniraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=345412" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "345412", "genus": "Aoniraptor", "occurrenceId": "1337637", "collectionId": "180530", "identifiedName": "Aoniraptor libertatem n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Aoniraptor libertatem", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59904", "collectionReferenceId": "59904", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Huincul", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Violante farm", "collection_aka": "Violante’s farm, Pueblo Blanco Natural Reserve", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Violante farm, SE of Ezequiel Ramos-Mexia lake, NW Río Negro province - specimens from an area at least 800 m in extent: specimen MPCA-Pv 803 was found at 39° 24′ 10.17′′ S, 68° 36′ 53.37′′ W, that is, 800 m far from the site where the holotype (MPCA PV 802) was recovered (39° 23′ 45.24′′ S, 68° 36′ 40.80′′ W)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Megaraptora", "Aoniraptor" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Megaraptora", "genus:345412" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "345412", "283700" ], "candidateIds": [ "345412", "283700" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=267166", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Aorun", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=267166" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "267166", "genus": "Aorun", "occurrenceId": "1134243", "collectionId": "144354", "identifiedName": "Aorun zhaoi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Aorun zhaoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46671", "collectionReferenceId": "46671", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Shishugou", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aorun zhaoi type locality", "collection_aka": "Wucaiwan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "13 m below a tuffaceous mudstone horizon that has been assessed a radiometric (40Ar/39Ar) age of 161.2 ± 0.2 Ma, approximately at the Oxfordian/Callovian boundary", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Alvarezsauria", "Aorun" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "alvarezsaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Add conventional maniraptoran ancestors; this is chosen game topology, not proof every competing high-level analysis is false.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Alvarezsauria", "genus:267166" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267166", "424325" ], "candidateIds": [ "267166", "424325" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38665", "name": "Apatosaurus", "displayName": "Apatosaurus", "attribution": "Marsh 1877", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1877", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38665", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Apatosaurinae", "Apatosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57361", "38664", "66543", "38665" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38665", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Apatosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38665" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/apatosaurus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "150311", "collectionId": "13341", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus laticollis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus louisae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5981", "collectionReferenceId": "7811", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lakes Quarry 10, Morrison (YPM)", "collection_aka": "A. laticollis type, Dinosaur Ridge", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two layers; upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "sec. 35, T4S, R70W, Morrison, Colorado; along Dinosaur Ridge" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "225583", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15567", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "405117", "collectionId": "38867", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10492", "collectionReferenceId": "10492", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Union", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-3281", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Beenham 1973 quadrangle" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "405199", "collectionId": "38883", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "10502", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Gunnison", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CO-49, Dino Cove", "collection_aka": "Curecanti N.R.A., Blue Mesa Apatosaurus Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dino Cove, on Blue Mesa Reservoir, Curecanti N.R.A." }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408738", "collectionId": "39339", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 2, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-23", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 of sec. 16, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408747", "collectionId": "39342", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 4, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Truckstop Quarry, WY-40", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "top of Unit B", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4 of sec. 6 (listed as sec. 5 in Connely 2002), T22N, R76W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408913", "collectionId": "13341", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus ajax n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus ajax", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7811", "collectionReferenceId": "7811", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lakes Quarry 10, Morrison (YPM)", "collection_aka": "A. laticollis type, Dinosaur Ridge", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two layers; upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "sec. 35, T4S, R70W, Morrison, Colorado; along Dinosaur Ridge" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408920", "collectionId": "39376", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus ajax", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus ajax", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lakes Quarry 8, Morrison (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur Ridge", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec. 26, T4S, R70W, Morrison, CO; close to present roadcut for Alameda Parkway through Dinosaur Ridge" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "409321", "collectionId": "11611", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus cf. louisae", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus louisae", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78052", "collectionReferenceId": "5767", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mygatt-Moore Quarry, lower mudstone", "collection_aka": "MWC Loc. 1.05.86, MWC Loc. 2, CO-21, main quarry, MMQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "middle part of member\r\n\r\nAsh fall zircons from the site were U-Pb dated to 152.3 +/- 0.2Ma placing the site near the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian boundary (Trujillo et al. 2014)", "geogcomments": "NW part of Rabbit Valley, Mesa Co., Colorado" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "467548", "collectionId": "46465", "identifiedName": "cf. Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14821", "collectionReferenceId": "12389", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe-Stephens Quarry", "collection_aka": "Sauriermuseum, HSQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower or middle part of formation (below \"clay change\"), 10 m above Howe Q", "geogcomments": "450 m SW of original Howe Q, on Howe Ranch" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "474524", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus louisae n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus louisae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14351", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481757", "collectionId": "48128", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus laticollis", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus louisae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "13078", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry II, Cope's Nipple", "collection_aka": "Saurian Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N of Cañon City, CO; Garden Park; SW side of Saurian hill, 200 yds from C. supremus site." }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490811", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13255", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491212", "collectionId": "49338", "identifiedName": "cf. Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 1, Kenton (OMNH V92)", "collection_aka": "OK-1, WPA, OMNH Quarry 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12.04 m below top of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co. On Hwy 64, about 100 yds E of bridge crossing Carrizo Creek, 10 mi E of NM-OK line" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491219", "collectionId": "49596", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85444", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 5, Kenton (OMNH V94)", "collection_aka": "OK-2, WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "39 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "0.8 km northeast of Quarry 6 along the SE margin of Black Mesa; E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491226", "collectionId": "49597", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 6, Kenton (OMNH V95)", "collection_aka": "OK-3, WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in beds equivalent to Brushy Basin Mbr.; upper middle part of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "13.7 km NW of Quarry 1, E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491251", "collectionId": "49577", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "12200", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry West (BCQ West)", "collection_aka": "WY-79, Bone Cabin Quarry Extension, Bone Cabin Quarry-E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"equivalent to Upper Salt Wash Member\" and in \"Lower Dinosaur Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491423", "collectionId": "49621", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81463", "collectionReferenceId": "81463", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Gunnison", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cabin Creek Quarry", "collection_aka": "CO-48", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "6 mi (10 km) E of Gunnison, along lower Cabin Creek; sec. 1, T49N, R1E" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491431", "collectionId": "49625", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "42580", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Meade", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bear Butte Quarry", "collection_aka": "SD-1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of formation", "geogcomments": "W slope of Bear Butte, NE of Sturgis" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491439", "collectionId": "49628", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Louise Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-22", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near center of the upper N face of Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491453", "collectionId": "49630", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13295", "collectionReferenceId": "55474", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Lawrence", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fuller's 351 (SDSM V351)", "collection_aka": "SD-2, St. Onge", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of formation (within 3-4 m)", "geogcomments": "NE of Spearfish, northern Black Hills, 6 mi. E of St. Onge" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519728", "collectionId": "52815", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "10490", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry C, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "536376", "collectionId": "55486", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14966", "collectionReferenceId": "14966", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bernice Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WY-42; WDIS Quarry 14c", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "about 2 km E of Nail Quarry, E of Marshall Road, Como Bluff; T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 5" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "540083", "collectionId": "48837", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15177", "collectionReferenceId": "53184", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry N, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "Freezeout Mountains, Freezeout Hills", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.), orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "540441", "collectionId": "56422", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 9, Kenton (OMNH V98)", "collection_aka": "WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation; 33 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557963", "collectionId": "57894", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15177", "collectionReferenceId": "78581", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freezeout Hills Quarry 6 (FMNH)", "collection_aka": "Carnegie Quarry M, University of Kansas Loc. 17", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.)" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557967", "collectionId": "57896", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freezeout Hills Quarry O", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.)" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557979", "collectionId": "57903", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "77734", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry R (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two distinct layers", "geogcomments": "SE of Como Bluff, 14 mi S of Bone Cabin Quarry on Prager Anticline, along Union Pacific Railroad line" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560973", "collectionId": "58510", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry (MSM)", "collection_aka": "WY-71", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo; on the sheep ranch of John Arno, NW 1/4, Sec. 36, T48N, R83W, Johnson County, Wyoming, Robinson Canyon Quadrangle 7.5 series" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560979", "collectionId": "58512", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dyer Ranch Quarry 1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560981", "collectionId": "58514", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Wayne", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hanksville-Burpee Quarry", "collection_aka": "UT-1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of upper Brushy Basin Member", "geogcomments": "near Hanksville" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "625877", "collectionId": "55320", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19240", "collectionReferenceId": "14803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Springs", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Something Interesting Quarry (SI), unit 1", "collection_aka": "Warm Springs Ranch", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "tracks associated with bone quarry, but at 3 levels in total within this unit 1", "geogcomments": "2.5 mi SE of Thermopolis, N-central Wyoming, Bighorn Basin" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "632838", "collectionId": "46460", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19565", "collectionReferenceId": "63395", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-62, Red Gulch Quarry, Question Mark Quarry, Keyhole Canyon", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "On the Barker Howe ranch; coordinates for nearby Shell, WY. ca. 25 mi. E of Greybull, also called the \"Red Gulch Quarry\" and supposedly \"in the vicinity of Keyhole Canyon,\" as well as \"Question Mark Quarry.\"" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647847", "collectionId": "70024", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Navajo", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Piñon Locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647859", "collectionId": "70032", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "33033", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cactus Park Quarry (BYU Loc. 681)", "collection_aka": "CO-55", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "663696", "collectionId": "71476", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "63779", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "FPA General Site (LACM)", "collection_aka": "Fruita Paleontological Area, LACM Loc. 4684, 6174, CO-33", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Base of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation immediately above the \"clay change\" horizon (see Kirkland 2006, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36:67-95, fig. 6, pg. 93). Turner & Peterson (1999, Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geol. Survey Misc. Publ. 99-1, 77-114) placed the Fruita localities (listed as CO-33 in their stratigraphic sections) within the Kimmeridgian, and within their \"Dinosaur Zone 2\" and \"charophyte-ostracod Zone 4\". Stratigraphic horizons closely equivalent to the Fruitadens quarries yield 40Ar/39Ar isotopic dates of 150.3 +/- 0.3 Ma and 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma (see Turner & Peterson 1999). This would place the Fruita quarries within the early Tithonian on recent timescales. ", "geogcomments": "Fruita Paleontological Area, 4.8 km WSW of Fruita; S 1/2 sec 13 and N 1/2 sec 24, T1N, R3W, Ute principal meridian. Evans 1996: \"a series of sublocalities...all apparently exposing the same horizon\"" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "702804", "collectionId": "75453", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zane Quarry, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "WY-92", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"lowermost two meters of the Morrison Formation\" - four quarries within 16.5 m. 9-Mile Ranch facies", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek area; specific location not given. Four quarries are present, but it is not clear whether this list pertains to one or all of them." }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123324", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "? Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1189697", "collectionId": "126540", "identifiedName": "? Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49550", "collectionReferenceId": "41030", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dana Quarry", "collection_aka": "DQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 6-9 m above contact w/underlying Sundance Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dana Quarry, near Ten Sleep; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 6, T48N, R89W (title incorrectly states Big Horn Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1197962", "collectionId": "154924", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50456", "collectionReferenceId": "50456", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Gunnison", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Northern Dinosaur Beach (CURE)", "collection_aka": "Curecanti, North Beach II", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Northern Dinosaur Beach, Blue Mesa Reservoir, Curecanti National Recreation Area; includes extension known as North Beach II" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1227703", "collectionId": "52815", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus louisae", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus louisae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52605", "collectionReferenceId": "10490", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry C, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1237630", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "? Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53051", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1317658", "collectionId": "96826", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "33033", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jensen/Jensen Quarry, DNM", "collection_aka": "UT-12, Dinosaur National Monument", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"basal Brushy Basin Member sediments of the Morrison Formation near Jensen, Utah\"", "geogcomments": "\"near Jensen, Utah. This deposit (the Jensen/Jensen Quarry) is located south of the Green River, a few miles from the Dinosaur National Monument Quarry\"" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1317670", "collectionId": "176983", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry 1", "collection_aka": "WY-72", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1320132", "collectionId": "177497", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69484", "collectionReferenceId": "58659", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Otero", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Unit B", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Picketwire Canyonlands (middle)", "collection_aka": "Purgatory River, Purgatoire River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "in the canyonlands of the Purgatoire River (= Picketwire)" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1398266", "collectionId": "192748", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65427", "collectionReferenceId": "65427", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheep Creek tracksite", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lowermost limestone\"", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1400765", "collectionId": "49624", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65628", "collectionReferenceId": "15193", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Park", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Upper Strickland Creek Quarry", "collection_aka": "MT-2, O'Hair Quarry, Lower O'Hair Quarry, MOR Loc. M-048", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ca. 15 m above Swift Fm. and ca. 40 m below Kootenai Fm. (= Lower Morrison?)", "geogcomments": "T3S, R9E, near Strickland Creek, SW Montana" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1453599", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69484", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1453601", "collectionId": "58517", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69484", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Floy Junction", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1467172", "collectionId": "48171", "identifiedName": "? Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49550", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Meyer Site 2, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-73", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1493814", "collectionId": "207744", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69484", "collectionReferenceId": "69484", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Twin Juniper Quarry", "collection_aka": "Rabbit Valley", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Twin Juniper Quarry, Rabbit Valley" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1493854", "collectionId": "207747", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Boris Quarry", "collection_aka": "Como Bluff", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Boris Quarry, near Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1493855", "collectionId": "207748", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69484", "collectionReferenceId": "69484", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "McKinsey-REX pipeline quarry (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "McKinsey-REX pipeline quarry, near Laramie" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1493856", "collectionId": "207749", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheridan College Quarry 1", "collection_aka": "SCQ1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheridan College Quarry, ca. 20 mi. S of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1554262", "collectionId": "28382", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus ajax", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus ajax", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76171", "collectionReferenceId": "7808", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lakes Quarry 5, Morrison (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Beckwith Quarry, Dinosaur Ridge, Saurian Quarry 5", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "\"eastern flank of Rocky Mountains,\" near Morrison, Jefferson Co., Colorado. Near locality of Atlantosaurus montanus. sec. 26, T4S, R70W, and possibly now part of a roadcut for the Alameda Parkway on the W side of Dinosaur Ridge" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1561462", "collectionId": "220417", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76997", "collectionReferenceId": "76998", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aaron Scott Quarry [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. Em466V", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "Aaron Scott Quarry, on W flank of San Rafael Swell, SE of Ferron" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1592269", "collectionId": "225118", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35044", "collectionReferenceId": "35044", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "ARCH 3151 locality [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "Arches N.P.", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in member, \"from a level near and perhaps above that of Cope's Quarry 8 at Garden Park\", ca. 13 m below top of formation", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality within Arches NP" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1592304", "collectionId": "225131", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "81462", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "McKinley", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Blue Peak, near Grants", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Blue Peak, NE of Grants, N 1/2, sec. 20, T13N, R9W" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1606918", "collectionId": "227262", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82719", "collectionReferenceId": "82720", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nickopod Quarry (VMNH)", "collection_aka": "Coyote Basin", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's \"Unit I\"", "geogcomments": "\"Nickopod\" quarry, Coyote Basin" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633385", "collectionId": "231532", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Gallatin", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "T and J Quarry", "collection_aka": "Ted and Jane Quarry, Toston, MT-6", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "? possibly below \"clay change\"", "geogcomments": "T and J (Ted and Jane) Quarry, Toston area" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633629", "collectionId": "231567", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wkat Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 24c", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 6, just W of OPK Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633655", "collectionId": "231581", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 15", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur National Monument; UT-17", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "within Dinosaur National Monument, 60-90 m from the Carnegie Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633658", "collectionId": "231582", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 8, Soft Sauropod Quarry", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur National Monument, UT-24, Rainbow Park", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member", "geogcomments": "northern part of Dinosaur National Monument, Rainbow Park area" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633707", "collectionId": "231617", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montezuma", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Yellow Jacket Canyon [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "Yellowjacket", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified location in Yellow Jacket Canyon" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633727", "collectionId": "231621", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Upper Split Rock Site 2", "collection_aka": "Rabbit Valley; CO-25", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper sandstone bed", "geogcomments": "near Split Rock, Rabbit Valley" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1700505", "collectionId": "126540", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92238", "collectionReferenceId": "41030", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dana Quarry", "collection_aka": "DQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 6-9 m above contact w/underlying Sundance Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dana Quarry, near Ten Sleep; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 6, T48N, R89W (title incorrectly states Big Horn Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38665", "genus": "Apatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056518", "collectionId": "277754", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Apatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry 5 (AMNH) [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "Como Bluff", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Como Bluff, near Medicine Bow" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Apatosaurinae", "Apatosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Flagellicaudata", "clade:Diplodocidae", "clade:Apatosaurinae", "genus:38665" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38665", "52983" ], "candidateIds": [ "38665", "52983" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65079", "name": "Appalachiosaurus", "displayName": "Appalachiosaurus", "attribution": "Carr et al. 2005", "rawAttribution": "Carr et al. 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65079", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Appalachiosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "65079" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65079", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Appalachiosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65079" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65079", "genus": "Appalachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "372844", "collectionId": "35289", "identifiedName": "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis", "acceptedName": "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85879", "collectionReferenceId": "9505", "cc": "US", "state": "Georgia", "county": "Stewart", "formation": "Blufftown", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hannahatchee Creek ‘‘longwalk’’ outcrop", "collection_aka": "locality 1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "many layers are fossiliferous, but only one contains vertebrates", "geogcomments": "along Hannahatchee Creek in Stewart, Co. 3 km west of town of Union. Approximately 3 km of strata are exposed." }, { "genusId": "65079", "genus": "Appalachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486392", "collectionId": "48682", "identifiedName": "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12992", "collectionReferenceId": "82757", "cc": "US", "state": "Alabama", "county": "Montgomery", "formation": "Demopolis Chalk", "member": "", "geological_group": "Selma", "collection_name": "Turnipseed Dinosaur Site (RMM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "9.7 meters above the basal conglomerate of the Demopolis Formation", "geogcomments": "1.77 km north of US Highway 82 at the Downing Crossroads: SE1/4, NE1/4, NE1/4, Sec 35, T14N, R20E" }, { "genusId": "65079", "genus": "Appalachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "530225", "collectionId": "54139", "identifiedName": "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis", "acceptedName": "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85879", "collectionReferenceId": "92797", "cc": "US", "state": "Alabama", "county": "Barbour", "formation": "Blufftown", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Middle Fork Cowikee Creek, locality 4", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "65079", "genus": "Appalachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1443743", "collectionId": "180790", "identifiedName": "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis", "acceptedName": "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68976", "collectionReferenceId": "68976", "cc": "US", "state": "South Carolina", "county": "Darlington", "formation": "Coachman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stokes Quarry [reworked]", "collection_aka": "site 1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"middle Campanian\"; age determined from pollen from an auger sample", "geogcomments": "Stokes Quarry, S side of County Road 407, ca. 0.25 mi. (0.40 km) W of County Road 49, 2.85 mi. (4.58 km) W of S.C. Rte. 340. Site is in a small sand quarry operated by the Stokes Sand and Gravel Co. until 2006. Collections are from spoil piles." }, { "genusId": "65079", "genus": "Appalachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1443763", "collectionId": "201601", "identifiedName": "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis", "acceptedName": "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68976", "collectionReferenceId": "68976", "cc": "US", "state": "South Carolina", "county": "Clarendon", "formation": "Steel Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Turbeville", "collection_aka": "site 3, Tuberville", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"Steel Creek Formation equivalent\"", "geogcomments": "spoil from pond on Richard Byrd property, S side of County Road 45 (Puddin Swamp Road), ca. 0.7 mi. (1.13 km) S of US Rte 378 near Turbeville." }, { "genusId": "65079", "genus": "Appalachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1443829", "collectionId": "79363", "identifiedName": "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis", "acceptedName": "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68976", "collectionReferenceId": "85047", "cc": "US", "state": "South Carolina", "county": "Florence", "formation": "Donoho Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Black Creek", "collection_name": "Burches Ferry (upper)", "collection_aka": "site 8", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "within calcareous nannofossil zone CC 22c; bed shows a color change from top to bottom but is interpreted as a single lithological unit", "geogcomments": "Burches Ferry, near type section for Peedee Formation, near Pamplico. W bank of Pee Dee River, ca. 0.57 mi. (1.21 km) E of County Road 52, ca. 0.08 mi. (0.18 km) NW of junction of Mill Branch and Pee Dee River." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Appalachiosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "genus:65079" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65079", "38605", "372448", "399346", "53212", "395956", "362111" ], "candidateIds": [ "65079" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "demopolis chalk" ], "label": "Demopolis Chalk Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "486392", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Appalachiosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dryptosaurus", "Gualicho", "Moros", "Nanotyrannus", "Suskityrannus", "Teihivenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Appalachiosaurus": [ "486392" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "65079" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "424515", "name": "Aquilarhinus", "displayName": "Aquilarhinus", "attribution": "Prieto-Márquez et al. 2020", "rawAttribution": "Prieto-Márquez et al. 2020", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=424515", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Aquilarhinus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "424515" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=503585", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Archaeocursor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=503585" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "503585", "genus": "Archaeocursor", "occurrenceId": "1686746", "collectionId": "239044", "identifiedName": "Archaeocursor asiaticus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Archaeocursor asiaticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90958", "collectionReferenceId": "90958", "cc": "CN", "state": "Chongqing", "county": "Chongqing Shi", "formation": "Ziliujing", "member": "Dongyuemiao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Congyansi subway station", "collection_aka": "Xiantao Street", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "Dongyuemiao Member of the Ziliujing Formation, Early Jurassic, late Sinemurian-Pliensbachian", "geogcomments": "Xiantao Street near Congyansi subway station, GPS coordinates N 29°44'57.0\" E 106°34'57.0\", approximately 2 km north of Chongqing Central Park in Yubei District, Chongqing Municipality, southwestern China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Archaeocursor" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "genus:503585" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "503585" ], "candidateIds": [ "503585" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68475", "name": "Archaeodontosaurus", "displayName": "Archaeodontosaurus", "attribution": "Buffetaut 2005", "rawAttribution": "Buffetaut 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68475", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Archaeodontosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "68475" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68475", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Archaeodontosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68475" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68475", "genus": "Archaeodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "538368", "collectionId": "55884", "identifiedName": "Archaeodontosaurus descouensi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Archaeodontosaurus descouensi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15067", "collectionReferenceId": "15067", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Isalo IIIb", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "west of Ambondromamy", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "hills west of Ambondromamy, a village located in the valley of Kamoro River, approx. 150 km SW of Mahajanga, in the Majunga basin, of northwestern Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "68475", "genus": "Archaeodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1586690", "collectionId": "55318", "identifiedName": "Archaeodontosaurus descouensi", "acceptedName": "Archaeodontosaurus descouensi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70103", "collectionReferenceId": "14801", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Isalo IIIb", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ambondromamy", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Sakaraha Formation (= Isalo IIIb “faciès mixte – dinosauriens”), Bathonian, Middle Jurassic (Maganuco et al., 2005)", "geogcomments": "near village of Ambondromamy" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Archaeodontosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "genus:68475" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68475", "327196", "38650" ], "candidateIds": [ "68475", "327196", "38650" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65529", "name": "Archaeornithoides", "displayName": "Archaeornithoides", "attribution": "Elzanowski and Wellnhofer 1992", "rawAttribution": "Elzanowski and Wellnhofer 1992", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65529", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Archaeornithoides" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "65529" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65529", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Archaeornithoides", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65529" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65529", "genus": "Archaeornithoides", "occurrenceId": "490894", "collectionId": "37009", "identifiedName": "Archaeornithoides deinosauriscus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Archaeornithoides deinosauriscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13265", "collectionReferenceId": "9902", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak site [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition 3, Shabarak Usu", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bayn Dzak (= Shabarak Usu), Omnogov" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Archaeornithoides" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "genus:65529" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "391227", "65529" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "djadokhta", "omnogov" ], "label": "Djadokhta Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "490894", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daliansaurus", "Gobivenator", "Harenadraco", "Papiliovenator", "Pectinodon", "Sinusonasus", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Almas": [ "1456457" ], "Archaeornithoides": [ "490894" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "391227", "65529" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38540", "name": "Archaeornithomimus", "displayName": "Archaeornithomimus", "attribution": "Russell 1972", "rawAttribution": "Russell 1972", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38540", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Archaeornithomimus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "55491", "38539", "38540" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad plant-based or mixed compatibility is defensible for derived forms; Deinocheirus has direct fish evidence. Early toothed forms require wider uncertainty.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G8", "title": "Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1038/nature13874", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13874", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "author-institution abstract and publisher summary read", "dietSupport": "Plant-feeding cranial morphology plus fish gut remains support omnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view2", "turn591search13" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38540", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38540", "genus": "Archaeornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "487439", "collectionId": "48932", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus asiaticus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Archaeornithomimus asiaticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10410", "collectionReferenceId": "13074", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Iren Dabasu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kaisen Quarry, Iren Dabasu", "collection_aka": "AMNH quarry 140", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Iren Dabasu Formation is Middle–Late Campanian according to Xing et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "8 miles E of Iren Dabasu (= Ehrlien)" }, { "genusId": "38540", "genus": "Archaeornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "487441", "collectionId": "48933", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus asiaticus", "acceptedName": "Archaeornithomimus asiaticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13061", "collectionReferenceId": "13074", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Iren Dabasu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Johnson Quarry, Iren Dabasu", "collection_aka": "SCDP site 1, site K, AMNH quarry 141, Johnson's Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Iren Dabasu Formation is Middle–Late Campanian according to Xing et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "Erhlien, Iren Dabasu, 8 miles E (S?) of Telegraph Station" }, { "genusId": "38540", "genus": "Archaeornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "557948", "collectionId": "53132", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus cf. asiaticus", "acceptedName": "Archaeornithomimus asiaticus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15559", "collectionReferenceId": "57423", "cc": "KZ", "state": "Turkistan", "county": "", "formation": "Dabrazhin", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kyrkkuduk I (Dabrazhin)", "collection_aka": "Kyrk-Kuduk, Sary-Agach, Chingeldy ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Nessov (1997) noted that trionychid remains, probably, come from the Syuk-Syuk Formation rather than from Darbaza Formation (= Darbazin Svita) as indicated by Kordikova (1994).", "geogcomments": "near Sary-Agach (Chengel'dy) railway station, Kyrk-Kuduk region, near Alym-Tau range, southern Kazakhstan\n\nVitke & Danilov (2012): Kyrkkuduk I locality (= Sary-Agach, Riabinin 1938 = area of Kyrkkuduk Well, Danilov and Vitek 2009, in press), area about 2 km in length along the northern slope of Alymtau Ridge, 6–7 km south from the well and also 3–5 km south-west from the well, Circum-Tashkent Chul, South Kazakhstan Province, Syuk-Syuk Formation and, probably, the lower part of the Darbaza Formation, Santonian – ?middle Campanian (Nessov 1997)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Archaeornithomimus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. Harpymimus assignment not a simple database error." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Ornithomimosauria", "clade:Ornithomimidae", "genus:38540" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370065", "66671", "38540", "519528", "38547", "176037", "68341" ], "candidateIds": [ "38540" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "iren dabasu" ], "label": "Iren Dabasu Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "487441", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Archaeornithomimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aepyornithomimus", "Anserimimus", "Dzharacursor", "Gallimimus", "Qiupalong", "Sinornithomimus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Archaeornithomimus": [ "487439", "487441" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38540" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "285748", "name": "Arcovenator", "displayName": "Arcovenator", "attribution": "Tortosa et al. 2014", "rawAttribution": "Tortosa et al. 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=285748", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Carnotaurinae", "Majungasaurini", "Arcovenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "54527", "285747", "285748" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=285748", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Arcovenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=285748" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "285748", "genus": "Arcovenator", "occurrenceId": "508693", "collectionId": "51692", "identifiedName": "? Arcovenator sp.", "acceptedName": "Arcovenator", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80599", "collectionReferenceId": "13763", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Var", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pourcieux, Les Tuillières", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Rognacian", "geogcomments": "Les Tuillières, near village of Porcieux, E part of Aix-en-Provence basin" }, { "genusId": "285748", "genus": "Arcovenator", "occurrenceId": "1188017", "collectionId": "89990", "identifiedName": "Arcovenator escotae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Arcovenator escotae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49429", "collectionReferenceId": "30133", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Var", "formation": "Argiles rutilantes", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "A8 motorway, Pourrières", "collection_aka": "Jas Neuf Sud, Pourrières-Jas Neuf, Jas-Neuf Sud", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near the village of Pourrières, two distinct localities but no further details given. One is Pourrières-Les Eysarettes (titanosaur)" }, { "genusId": "285748", "genus": "Arcovenator", "occurrenceId": "1404601", "collectionId": "48861", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "188978", "name": "Arcusaurus", "displayName": "Arcusaurus", "attribution": "Yates et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Yates et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=188978", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Arcusaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "188978" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Core sauropodomorph functional comparison supports increased plant dependence; unspecialised teeth allow animal supplementation.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Arcusaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=188978", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Arcusaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=188978" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "188978", "genus": "Arcusaurus", "occurrenceId": "711598", "collectionId": "76191", "identifiedName": "Arcusaurus pereirabdalorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Arcusaurus pereirabdalorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36469", "collectionReferenceId": "25828", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Senekal", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Sauropod Quarry, farm Spion Kop 932 (BPI)", "collection_aka": "Spioenkop, Spionkop, SQ", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Elliot Fm. dated as Hettangian (McPhee et al., 2017)", "geogcomments": "small quarry on farm Spioenkop/Spionkop/Spion Kop 932, Senekal district, northern Free State. 1 km ENE of Aardonyx holotype locality." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Arcusaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "genus:188978" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "188978", "53022" ], "candidateIds": [ "188978", "53022" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=498483", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ardetosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=498483" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "498483", "genus": "Ardetosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2041326", "collectionId": "46465", "identifiedName": "Ardetosaurus viator n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ardetosaurus viator", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89446", "collectionReferenceId": "12389", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe-Stephens Quarry", "collection_aka": "Sauriermuseum, HSQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower or middle part of formation (below \"clay change\"), 10 m above Howe Q", "geogcomments": "450 m SW of original Howe Q, on Howe Ranch" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Diplodocinae", "Ardetosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Flagellicaudata", "clade:Diplodocidae", "clade:Diplodocinae", "genus:498483" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "candidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=161195", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Arenysaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=161195" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "161195", "genus": "Arenysaurus", "occurrenceId": "460772", "collectionId": "45438", "identifiedName": "Arenysaurus ardevoli n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Arenysaurus ardevoli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31506", "collectionReferenceId": "17660", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Huesca", "formation": "La Posa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Blasi 3, Arén", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation; upper part of chron c30n\r\nThe Conques Formation is equivalent to the \"lower Red Garumen\" facies. The Conques Formation was previously assigned a late maastrichtian age (Sellés and Villa 2015; Villa et al. 2015) Biostratigraphy and Sr stable isotope geochemistry suggest that the La Posa and Conques Formation are entirely early Maastrichtian, lying within chron C31r (see Caus et al. 2016; Oms et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2019).\r\nActually in the \"Grey Garumnian\" = La Posa Fm.", "geogcomments": "on N limb of Tremp syncline, near Arén, Huesca, south-central Pyrenees, Spain" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Arenysaurini", "Arenysaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66645", "name": "Argentinosaurus", "displayName": "Argentinosaurus", "attribution": "Bonaparte and Coria 1993", "rawAttribution": "Bonaparte and Coria 1993", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66645", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Argentinosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "58924", "66645" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38686", "name": "Argyrosaurus", "displayName": "Argyrosaurus", "attribution": "Lydekker 1893", "rawAttribution": "Lydekker 1893", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38686", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Argyrosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "38686" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38686", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Argyrosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38686" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38686", "genus": "Argyrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "508502", "collectionId": "51618", "identifiedName": "Argyrosaurus superbus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Argyrosaurus superbus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36798", "collectionReferenceId": "15092", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "", "formation": "Lago Colhué Huapi", "member": "", "geological_group": "Chubut", "collection_name": "La Angostura, Río Chico (MLP)", "collection_aka": "Argyrosaurus type, Pampa Pelada", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "supposedly 100 m below the \"Notostylops beds\"; sometimes listed as Castillo Fm.\r\n\r\nProbably upper member of the Bajo Barreal Formation, Chubut Group (Bonaparte and Gasparini, 1979); Campanian–?Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) (Casal et al., 2007). Based on outcrops in the western part of the San Jorge Basin, the Bajo Barreal Formation is generally considered middle Cenomanian–Turonian in age (Bridge et al., 2000, Lamanna et al., 2002); however, recent evidence indicates that the more easterly exposures in the less well-studied Rio Chico area are much younger, i.e., Campanian–?Maastrichtian (Casal et al., 2007) (Mannion and Otero, 2012).", "geogcomments": "from a barranca in the angle between Lago Musters and Río Chico, on estancia \"La Angostura\", S bank of Río Chico. However, Huene (1929) and Feruglio (1931) claimed it was from the L (= NW) bank of the river, about 5 km to the E, in the Pampa Pelada (= Pampa de los Boers), 14 km S of 45° latitude, NE of Lago Colhué-Huapi.\r\n\r\nUpdate from Mannion and Otero (2012): Left bank (northwest) of the Río Chico, near Pampa Pelada, northeast of Lago Colhué Huapi, Chubut Province, Argentina" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Argyrosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "genus:38686" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "38686" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "lago colhué huapi" ], "label": "Lago Colhué Huapi Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "508502", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Argyrosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Argyrosaurus": [ "508502" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38686" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38527", "name": "Aristosuchus", "displayName": "Aristosuchus", "attribution": "Seeley 1887", "rawAttribution": "Seeley 1887", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38527", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Compsognathidae", "Aristosuchus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "38537", "38527" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38527", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Aristosuchus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38527" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38527", "genus": "Aristosuchus", "occurrenceId": "1429044", "collectionId": "92917", "identifiedName": "Poikilopleuron pusillus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Aristosuchus pusillus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67602", "collectionReferenceId": "17375", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Isle of Wight (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "\"This material cannot be satisfactorily assigned to a Wealden Group horizon\" (Sweetman & Martill 2010)", "geogcomments": "No detailed locality details available - \"Wealden of Brook\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Aristosuchus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "compsognathid-grades", "rationale": "Avoid insisting on a traditional compsognathid clade when 2024/2025 character analyses dispute it; use broad Coelurosauria until precise original taxon reviews.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "qiu2025", "title": "Two new compsognathid-like theropods show diversified predation strategies in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11970238/", "doi": "10.1093/nsr/nwaf068", "year": 2025, "access": "Full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Jehol compsognathid-like theropods recovered as Sinosauropterygidae, while Compsognathus not included." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "genus:38527" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38527", "57427" ], "candidateIds": [ "38527", "57427" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Friday near Lockesburg, E-central Sevier Co." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Arkansaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38853", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Arrhinoceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38853" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Fowler and Freedman Fowler (2020), Transitional evolutionary forms in chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs", "url": "https://peerj.com/articles/9251/", "access": "Publisher/PMC indexed full-text passages; publisher access blocked" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38853", "genus": "Arrhinoceratops", "occurrenceId": "626784", "collectionId": "67612", "identifiedName": "Arrhinoceratops brachyops n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Arrhinoceratops brachyops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19269", "collectionReferenceId": "19269", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Neill's Ranch, Red Deer River (125 ft level) [ROM]", "collection_aka": "Bleriot", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Red Deer River, opposite Neill's Ranch, 6 mi. W and 3 mi above (N of) Bleriot Ferry, 125 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "38853", "genus": "Arrhinoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1182432", "collectionId": "152403", "identifiedName": "Arrhinoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Arrhinoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49055", "collectionReferenceId": "49055", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "8 miles upriver from Devon bridge", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "bonebed ca. 15 ft. above river level. \"equivalent\" to Horseshoe Canyon Fm.\r\nFor revised age stratigraphy of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, see Eberth and Braman 2012 and Eberth et al. 2020", "geogcomments": "8 mi. upriver from Devon bridge, N bacnk of North Saskatchewan River. Ceratopsian specimen from 0.25 mi. upriver." }, { "genusId": "38853", "genus": "Arrhinoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1208345", "collectionId": "156799", "identifiedName": "Arrhinoceratops brachyops", "acceptedName": "Arrhinoceratops brachyops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "2.5 miles above Munson Ferry (75 ft level) [ROM]", "collection_aka": "Bleriot, Munson", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "“Found 2.5 miles above Munson [Bleriot] Ferry on west side of [Red Deer] river, about 75 feet [22.86 m] above the river” (field notes of L. Sternberg 1931, ROM). 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "436895", "name": "Arrudatitan", "displayName": "Arrudatitan", "attribution": "Silva Junior et al. 2022", "rawAttribution": "Silva Junior et al. 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=436895", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Rinconsauria", "Arrudatitan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "389116", "122470", "436895" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=436895", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Arrudatitan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=436895" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "436895", "genus": "Arrudatitan", "occurrenceId": "625892", "collectionId": "67540", "identifiedName": "Aeolosaurus maximus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Arrudatitan maximus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "38516", "collectionReferenceId": "17227", "cc": "BR", "state": "São Paulo", "county": "", "formation": "Adamantina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Bauru", "collection_name": "Santa Irene farm", "collection_aka": "Monte Alto, Cândido Rodrigues, MPMA 12", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Top of Adamantina Formation\nWhereas a Turonian–Santonian age for the Adamantina Formation, based on ostracods and charophytes, has been proposed (Dias-Brito et al. 2001), other authors have argued for a Campanian–Maastrichtian age, based on vertebrate fossils and an alternative interpretation of the ostracod fauna (e.g. Gobbo-Rodrigues et al. 1999, Fernandes and Coimbra 2000). Most recently, stratigraphic work on the Bauru Basin has argued for a late Campanian–early Maastrichtian age for this stratigraphic unit (Batezelli 2017).", "geogcomments": "Santa Irene farm, a property located near the limits between Monte Alto and Cândido Rodrigues municipalities (Iori 2019, GPS = S21º19′44.3″/W 48º34′54.6″). Santucci and Arruda-Campos (2011) mentioned that the site is located about 12 km southwest of Monte Alto, but its position in their map (Santucci and Arruda-Campos 2011: Figure 1) is not correct. In fact, the outcrop is located further 9 km to northwest of the point marked at that map, within Cândido Rodrigues municipality (Silva Junior et al. 2021).\n- Theropod teeth inferred to come from this site based on specimen numbers and text description in Tavares et al. 2014: \"These teeth were collected during the field seasons (1997–1998) which focused on the recovery of a semi-articulated titanosaur skeleton.\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Rinconsauria", "Arrudatitan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Colossosauria", "clade:Rinconsauria", "genus:436895" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "BR", "são paulo" ], "label": "São Paulo · BR", "occurrenceId": "625892", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bravasaurus", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Overosaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Punatitan", "Rinconsaurus", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Adamantisaurus": [], "Arrudatitan": [ "625892" ], "Brasilotitan": [ "536069" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Adamantisaurus": [ "adamantisaurus-type-2006-formation" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "402053", "name": "Asfaltovenator", "displayName": "Asfaltovenator", "attribution": "Rauhut and Pol 2019", "rawAttribution": "Rauhut and Pol 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=402053", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Asfaltovenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "64112", "402053" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=402053", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Asfaltovenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=402053" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "402053", "genus": "Asfaltovenator", "occurrenceId": "1488143", "collectionId": "207101", "identifiedName": "Asfaltovenator vialidadi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Asfaltovenator vialidadi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71295", "collectionReferenceId": "71295", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "Paso de Indios", "formation": "Cañadón Asfalto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Sierra de Olte", "collection_name": "1.6  km northeast of Cerro Cóndor", "collection_aka": "Asfaltovenator type locality", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "ca. 1.6  km NE of the village of Cerro Cóndor" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Asfaltovenator" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "genus:402053" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "402053" ], "candidateIds": [ "402053" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66588", "name": "Asiaceratops", "displayName": "Asiaceratops", "attribution": "Nessov et al. 1989", "rawAttribution": "Nessov et al. 1989", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66588", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Asiaceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "52774", "66588" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66588", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Asiaceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66588" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66588", "genus": "Asiaceratops", "occurrenceId": "560920", "collectionId": "58490", "identifiedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "acceptedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "41769", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Karakalpakstan", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SH-5, Khodzhakulsai ravine", "collection_aka": "Khodzhakulsay, SKh-5, Khodzhakul'sai", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper part of the Khodzhakul formation", "geogcomments": "ca. 1 km NW from Sheikhdzheili; N extremity of Sheikhdzheili Range; southwest Kyzylkum Desert, Karakalpakistan" }, { "genusId": "66588", "genus": "Asiaceratops", "occurrenceId": "602427", "collectionId": "64098", "identifiedName": "Asiaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Asiaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Karakalpakistan", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khodzhakul II (reworked)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "reworked into Paleogene sediments", "geogcomments": "surface of plateau N and E of basin of the former Khodzhakul Lake, SW Kyzylkum, Karakalpakistan" }, { "genusId": "66588", "genus": "Asiaceratops", "occurrenceId": "606267", "collectionId": "64682", "identifiedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "64195", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SH-25, Khodzhakul", "collection_aka": "Khodzhakulsai, SKh-25, Khodzhakulsay", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the formation", "geogcomments": "on plateau between Khodzhakulsai and Sheikhdzheili" }, { "genusId": "66588", "genus": "Asiaceratops", "occurrenceId": "606268", "collectionId": "64683", "identifiedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "acceptedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SH-0, Khodzhakul (reworked)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the formation - redeposited into late Paleocene beds", "geogcomments": "on plateau between Khodzhakulsai and Sheikhdzheili" }, { "genusId": "66588", "genus": "Asiaceratops", "occurrenceId": "606275", "collectionId": "64684", "identifiedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "acceptedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "38131", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SSHD-8, Sheikhdzheili", "collection_aka": "SSHD-8 Sheikdzheili", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the formation - redeposited into late Paleocene beds", "geogcomments": "N end of Sheikhdzheili Range, SW Kyzylkum Desert, Karakalpakistan" }, { "genusId": "66588", "genus": "Asiaceratops", "occurrenceId": "606279", "collectionId": "64685", "identifiedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "acceptedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "64195", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SSHD-8a, Sheikhdzheili", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the formation - redeposited into late Paleocene beds", "geogcomments": "western Kyzyl-Kum, Sheikh-Dzheili, Sultan-Uvais" }, { "genusId": "66588", "genus": "Asiaceratops", "occurrenceId": "606331", "collectionId": "64689", "identifiedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "acceptedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "38131", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Karakalpakstan", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SCH-1, Chelpyk", "collection_aka": "Cholpuk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "small hill topped by the ruins of a Khorezm castle, N of the W end of the Sultan Uvais range, SW Kyzylkum Desert, Karakalpakistan" }, { "genusId": "66588", "genus": "Asiaceratops", "occurrenceId": "606334", "collectionId": "64690", "identifiedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "acceptedName": "Asiaceratops salsopaludalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Karakalpakstan", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SCH-B, Chelpyk", "collection_aka": "Cholpuk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "small hill N of the W end of the Sultan Uvais range, Karakalpakistan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Asiaceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "genus:66588" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55575", "66588", "94031", "426795", "67673", "55581", "328822", "498078", "85967" ], "candidateIds": [ "66588" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UZ", "khodzhakul" ], "label": "Khodzhakul Formation · UZ", "occurrenceId": "606334", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Asiaceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Archaeoceratops", "Auroraceratops", "Beg", "Graciliceratops", "Liaoceratops", "Mosaiceratops", "Sasayamagnomus", "Yamaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Asiaceratops": [ "560920", "606267", "606268", "606275", "606279", "606331", "606334" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66588" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "494873", "name": "Asiatyrannus", "displayName": "Asiatyrannus", "attribution": "Zheng et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Zheng et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=494873", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Asiatyrannus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "38606", "65352", "494873" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=494873", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Asiatyrannus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=494873" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "494873", "genus": "Asiatyrannus", "occurrenceId": "1660493", "collectionId": "235730", "identifiedName": "Asiatyrannus xui n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Asiatyrannus xui", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89047", "collectionReferenceId": "89047", "cc": "CN", "state": "Jiangxi", "county": "", "formation": "Nanxiong", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shahe Town construction site [Nanxiong Fm.]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shahe Town, Nankang District, Ganzhou City" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Asiatyrannus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "clade:Tyrannosauridae", "clade:Tyrannosaurinae", "genus:494873" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494873" ], "candidateIds": [ "494873" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "164324", "name": "Asilisaurus", "displayName": "Asilisaurus", "attribution": "Nesbitt et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Nesbitt et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=164324", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Silesauridae", "Asilisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "163003", "164324" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Qualified inference only.; Early dinosauriform feeding was varied; nearby plant-adapted and mixed-feeding comparisons", "references": [ { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "low", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=164324", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Asilisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=164324" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "164324", "genus": "Asilisaurus", "occurrenceId": "851246", "collectionId": "94651", "identifiedName": "Asilisaurus kongwe n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Asilisaurus kongwe", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32231", "collectionReferenceId": "32231", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Ruvuma", "county": "", "formation": "Manda Beds", "member": "Lifua", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Litumba Ndyosi (NMT Z34)", "collection_aka": "Asilisaurus holotype", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"above the base of the Lifua Member, probably near middle of the member...correlated with Subzone C of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "57103", "name": "Atlascopcosaurus", "displayName": "Atlascopcosaurus", "attribution": "Rich and Vickers-Rich 1989", "rawAttribution": "Rich and Vickers-Rich 1989", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57103", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Elasmaria", "Atlascopcosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "122465", "57103" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57103", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Oceania" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Atlascopcosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57103" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "57103", "genus": "Atlascopcosaurus", "occurrenceId": "401698", "collectionId": "38534", "identifiedName": "Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "acceptedName": "Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10342", "collectionReferenceId": "63316", "cc": "AU", "state": "Victoria", "county": "", "formation": "Eumeralla", "member": "", "geological_group": "Otway", "collection_name": "Dinosaur Cove East", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dinosaur Cove East, Dinosaur Cove, about 50 m NW of Slippery Rock" }, { "genusId": "57103", "genus": "Atlascopcosaurus", "occurrenceId": "401707", "collectionId": "38537", "identifiedName": "Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "acceptedName": "Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10342", "collectionReferenceId": "19908", "cc": "AU", "state": "Victoria", "county": "", "formation": "Eumeralla", "member": "", "geological_group": "Otway", "collection_name": "Dinosaur Cove West", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "stratigraphically above Dinosaur Cove East", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "57103", "genus": "Atlascopcosaurus", "occurrenceId": "401720", "collectionId": "38540", "identifiedName": "Atlascopcosaurus loadsi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10342", "collectionReferenceId": "63316", "cc": "AU", "state": "Victoria", "county": "", "formation": "Eumeralla", "member": "", "geological_group": "Otway", "collection_name": "Point Lewis", "collection_aka": "Lungfish Site", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "actual area ranges from 143°34'53\" to 57\"; from shore platform exposures near Point Lewis, Otway Basin" }, { "genusId": "57103", "genus": "Atlascopcosaurus", "occurrenceId": "401728", "collectionId": "38542", "identifiedName": "Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "acceptedName": "Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10342", "collectionReferenceId": "19908", "cc": "AU", "state": "Victoria", "county": "", "formation": "Eumeralla", "member": "", "geological_group": "Otway", "collection_name": "Slippery Rock, Dinosaur Cove", "collection_aka": "Slippery Rocks", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "stratigraphically below Dinosaur Cove East", "geogcomments": "Slippery Rock site, Dinosaur Cove, including tunneling (e.g. First Cross Tunnel, East Tunnel, West Tunnel) and multiple smaller sites (e.g. The Pillar); ca. 50 m SE of Dinosaur Cove East" }, { "genusId": "57103", "genus": "Atlascopcosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1550657", "collectionId": "51961", "identifiedName": "cf. Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "acceptedName": "Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75855", "collectionReferenceId": "63249", "cc": "AU", "state": "Victoria", "county": "", "formation": "\"Wonthaggi\"", "member": "", "geological_group": "Strzelecki", "collection_name": "Flat Rocks, Bunurong Marine Park", "collection_aka": "Inverloch, Dinosaur Dreaming", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "early Aptian according to Rich et al. 2005 and Benson et al. 2012; late Aptian according to Salisbury et al. 2016\r\ninformal formation name for upper Strzelecki Group", "geogcomments": "on shore platform of Bunurong Marine Park, W of Inverloch. Includes site listed as \"800 m east of Flat Rocks\" in ref 38205" }, { "genusId": "57103", "genus": "Atlascopcosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1604560", "collectionId": "118946", "identifiedName": "Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "acceptedName": "Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82345", "collectionReferenceId": "38204", "cc": "AU", "state": "Victoria", "county": "", "formation": "Eumeralla", "member": "", "geological_group": "Otway", "collection_name": "Eric the Red West", "collection_aka": "Crayfish Bay, ETRW, Eric the Crayfish", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a bed locally termed the \"ETRW Sandstone,\" above the Anchor Sandstone", "geogcomments": "Otway Basin, E of Crayfish Bay; includes sublocalities such as \"Alan’s #3 Hole 2016 Extension\" and \"Alan's #3 Hole.\" Located 170 m W of rusted anchor from the shipwreck \"Eric the Red\"" }, { "genusId": "57103", "genus": "Atlascopcosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1604564", "collectionId": "118946", "identifiedName": "cf. Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "acceptedName": "Atlascopcosaurus loadsi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82345", "collectionReferenceId": "38204", "cc": "AU", "state": "Victoria", "county": "", "formation": "Eumeralla", "member": "", "geological_group": "Otway", "collection_name": "Eric the Red West", "collection_aka": "Crayfish Bay, ETRW, Eric the Crayfish", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a bed locally termed the \"ETRW Sandstone,\" above the Anchor Sandstone", "geogcomments": "Otway Basin, E of Crayfish Bay; includes sublocalities such as \"Alan’s #3 Hole 2016 Extension\" and \"Alan's #3 Hole.\" Located 170 m W of rusted anchor from the shipwreck \"Eric the Red\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Elasmaria", "Atlascopcosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Elasmaria", "genus:57103" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "398669", "434090", "57101", "38750", "66575", "396013" ], "candidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "434090", "57101" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AU", "eumeralla" ], "label": "Eumeralla Formation · AU", "occurrenceId": "1604560", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus", "Diluvicursor", "Galleonosaurus", "Leaellynasaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Galleonosaurus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Fostoria", "Muttaburrasaurus", "Qantassaurus", "Weewarrasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Atlascopcosaurus": [ "401698", "401707", "401720", "401728", "1604560", "1604564" ], "Diluvicursor": [ "1508978" ], "Galleonosaurus": [ "1604562" ], "Leaellynasaura": [ "401697", "401706", "401729", "1604533" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57103", "372639", "434090", "57101" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "132125", "name": "Atrociraptor", "displayName": "Atrociraptor", "attribution": "Currie and Varricchio 2004", "rawAttribution": "Currie and Varricchio 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=132125", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Saurornitholestinae", "Atrociraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "143994", "143992", "132125" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=132125", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Atrociraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=132125" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "132125", "genus": "Atrociraptor", "occurrenceId": "796112", "collectionId": "55363", "identifiedName": "Atrociraptor marshalli", "acceptedName": "Atrociraptor marshalli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43426", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Albertosaurus Bonebed, Dry Island Buffalo Jump", "collection_aka": "Albertosaurus Quarry, Big Valley Creek, ABB, RTMP L2204", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from transition between Units 4 and 5, HCF \"B\", should be top of Tolman Mb.", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection # 52468, near Dry Island, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "132125", "genus": "Atrociraptor", "occurrenceId": "837817", "collectionId": "92963", "identifiedName": "Atrociraptor marshalli n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Atrociraptor marshalli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31419", "collectionReferenceId": "31419", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "5 km west of Royal Tyrrell Museum", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 5 m above Daly Coal Seam #7", "geogcomments": "5 km W of the Royal Tyrrell Museum; UTM 12U, 372125 E, 5708055 N" }, { "genusId": "132125", "genus": "Atrociraptor", "occurrenceId": "1181798", "collectionId": "152270", "identifiedName": "Atrociraptor marshalli", "acceptedName": "Atrociraptor marshalli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Morrin Bridge", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "at the level of coal zones 8–9", "geogcomments": "near Morrin Bridge. TRMP database for Albertosaurus specimen: sec. 34, T30N, R21W, W 4th meridian." }, { "genusId": "132125", "genus": "Atrociraptor", "occurrenceId": "1181799", "collectionId": "152268", "identifiedName": "Atrociraptor marshalli", "acceptedName": "Atrociraptor marshalli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "70928", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Dunphy, Kneehills Creek (RTMP L1517)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Dunphy, along Kneehills Creek. TMP database: sec. 14, T29N, R21W, W 4th meridian. UTM: 12U 370641, 5704817" }, { "genusId": "132125", "genus": "Atrociraptor", "occurrenceId": "1181800", "collectionId": "152271", "identifiedName": "Atrociraptor marshalli", "acceptedName": "Atrociraptor marshalli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Whitemud Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Whitemud Creek" }, { "genusId": "132125", "genus": "Atrociraptor", "occurrenceId": "1662233", "collectionId": "229870", "identifiedName": "cf. Atrociraptor marshalli", "acceptedName": "Atrociraptor marshalli", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89296", "collectionReferenceId": "84397", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Felber Troodontid Site 2", "collection_aka": "FTS-2, Felber-Dohy Troodontid Site 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farther north than L2000 in Horsethief Canyon, near the Morrin Bridge. Site is \"in Treaty 7 Territory, the traditional home of the Kanai (Blood), Tsuu T’ina (Sacree), Siksika (Blackfoot), Piikani (Peigan), and Nakoda (Stoney) First Nations, and Métis Nation.\" (GPS: 12U 368023, 5726540, WGS 84)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Saurornitholestinae", "Atrociraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Eudromaeosauria", "clade:Saurornitholestinae", "genus:132125" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "132125", "38567" ], "candidateIds": [ "132125", "38567" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "169824", "name": "Atsinganosaurus", "displayName": "Atsinganosaurus", "attribution": "Garcia et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Garcia et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=169824", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Lirainosaurinae", "Atsinganosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "58924", "373264", "169824" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=169824", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Atsinganosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=169824" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "169824", "genus": "Atsinganosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559808", "collectionId": "220134", "identifiedName": "Atsinganosaurus velauciensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Atsinganosaurus velauciensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33197", "collectionReferenceId": "33197", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Bouches-du-Rhône", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Velaux-La Bastide Neuve", "collection_aka": "VBN", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "three fossil-bearing horizons, \"Bégudien\" facies. The age of the site is based in part on magnetostratigraphic data, which correspond to chron C32n. The correlations with charophytes and dinosaur eggshell biozones allow us to affirm that the locality is late Campanian in age.", "geogcomments": "Velaux-La Bastide Neuve, 35 km W of Draguignan, Bouches du Rhône Department, southern France. In the Fox-Amphoux syncline." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Lirainosaurinae", "Atsinganosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Eutitanosauria", "clade:Lirainosaurinae", "genus:169824" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65139", "169824", "430752", "65826" ], "candidateIds": [ "65139", "169824", "430752", "65826" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "54523", "name": "Aucasaurus", "displayName": "Aucasaurus", "attribution": "Coria et al. 2002", "rawAttribution": "Coria et al. 2002", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54523", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Aucasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "138556", "54523" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54523", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Aucasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54523" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "54523", "genus": "Aucasaurus", "occurrenceId": "297302", "collectionId": "28461", "identifiedName": "Aucasaurus garridoi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Aucasaurus garridoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7849", "collectionReferenceId": "17232", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Auca Mahuevo theropod site", "collection_aka": "Aucasaurus holotype site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "now Río Colorado Subgroup, 25 m above egg-bed 4. Pubis found a few meters above Aucasaurus skeleton, but during same excavation. Post-C33R interval", "geogcomments": "Auca Mahuevo, near Mina La Escondida, NE corner of Neuquén province, Argentina." }, { "genusId": "54523", "genus": "Aucasaurus", "occurrenceId": "955293", "collectionId": "61458", "identifiedName": "? Aucasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Aucasaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77156", "collectionReferenceId": "5905", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Auca Mahuevo, egg-bed 4", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1511, Auca Mahuevo", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min\ntwo layers close together in middle of section, Río Colorado Subgroup, post-C33R interval", "geogcomments": "120 km NW of city of Neuquén, in the Auca Mahuida valley" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Aucasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauridae", "clade:Brachyrostra", "genus:54523" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54523", "65415", "460113", "54531", "138555", "379317" ], "candidateIds": [ "54523" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "anacleto" ], "label": "Anacleto Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "297302", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Aucasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ekrixinatosaurus", "Guemesia", "Ilokelesia", "Skorpiovenator", "Thanos" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Aucasaurus": [ "297302", "955293" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54523" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "351776", "name": "Augustynolophus", "displayName": "Augustynolophus", "attribution": "Prieto-Márquez et al. 2015", "rawAttribution": "Prieto-Márquez et al. 2015", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=351776", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Saurolophini", "Augustynolophus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "320934", "351776" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=351776", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Augustynolophus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=351776" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "351776", "genus": "Augustynolophus", "occurrenceId": "534988", "collectionId": "55358", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus morrisi", "acceptedName": "Augustynolophus morrisi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46760", "collectionReferenceId": "52135", "cc": "US", "state": "California", "county": "Fresno", "formation": "Moreno", "member": "Marca", "geological_group": "Great Valley", "collection_name": "Panoche-Tumey Hills (CIT Loc. 336)", "collection_aka": "CIT Loc. 3361", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "There is uncertainty on the boundary between the Moreno and Panoche Formations in the area. Stock (1941) reported the specimen was found in strata 150 ft. below the Siphagenerinoides zone, however this zone has been referred to the Moreno Formation and the Panoche Formation by geologists. Considered to come from upper part (Marca Mb.) by Bell & Evans 2010.", "geogcomments": "CIT locality 3361, in the Panoche-Tumey Hills" }, { "genusId": "351776", "genus": "Augustynolophus", "occurrenceId": "534989", "collectionId": "55359", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus morrisi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Augustynolophus morrisi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46760", "collectionReferenceId": "52154", "cc": "US", "state": "California", "county": "Fresno", "formation": "Moreno", "member": "Marca", "geological_group": "Great Valley", "collection_name": "Panoche-Tumey Hills (CIT Loc. 357)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "There is uncertainty on the boundary between the Moreno and Panoche Formations in the area. Stock (1941) reported the specimen was found in strata 150 ft. below the Siphagenerinoides zone, however this zone has been referred to the Moreno Formation and the Panoche Formation by geologists. Considered to come from upper part (Marca Mb.) by Bell & Evans 2010.", "geogcomments": "CIT locality 3571, in the Panoche-Tumey Hills" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Saurolophini", "Augustynolophus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "hadrosaur-saurolophine-working-model", "rationale": "Reconcile imported traditional crestless-hadrosaur branches with the chosen basal-Hadrosaurus topology; preserve all finer descendants and apply the Hadrosaurus genus override last. This is a topology choice, not a synonym assertion.", "references": [ { "id": "addendum-madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary article indexed full-text extracts of the Hadrosaurinae, Saurolophinae and Brachylophosaurini entries; direct PMC open CAPTCHA and PeerJ open 403.", "finding": "Hadrosaurinae has Hadrosaurus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier. Saurolophinae has Saurolophus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier, with an additional exclusion condition for Hadrosaurus. These names are topology-dependent alternatives for the Saurolophus branch; they are not unconditional synonyms. Brachylophosaurini explicitly excludes Hadrosaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn656search0", "turn659search0" ] }, { "id": "addendum-ma2026", "title": "First Report of a Hollow Cranial Crest in an Early-Diverging Duck-Billed Dinosaur, with Implications for Convergent Evolution of Acoustic Signaling", "doi": "10.3390/biology15080615", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/15/8/615", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-04-13", "access": "Primary publisher indexed full-text section 5; direct open 429.", "finding": "Updated hadrosauroid analysis recovers Hadrosaurus as the earliest-diverging hadrosaurid, separate from Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae. 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(2016), Spiclypeus shipporum gen. et sp. nov.", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154218", "access": "Full article reviewed" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "55538", "genus": "Avaceratops", "occurrenceId": "248075", "collectionId": "14437", "identifiedName": "Avaceratops lammersi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Avaceratops lammersi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25472", "collectionReferenceId": "25474", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Careless Creek Quarry (CCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the lower 1/3rd of the local section according to Penkalski and Dodson 1999\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. 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Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68481", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Aviatyrannis", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68481" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68481", "genus": "Aviatyrannis", "occurrenceId": "403137", "collectionId": "24563", "identifiedName": "Aviatyrannis jurassica n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Aviatyrannis jurassica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15071", "collectionReferenceId": "6907", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Guimarota", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two lignite coal layers wth vertebrate fossils. 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Recent work (Schudack 1993) favors Kimmeridgian.", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Aviatyrannis" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. Harpymimus assignment not a simple database error." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Ornithomimosauria", "genus:68481" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68481" ], "candidateIds": [ "68481" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38615", "name": "Avimimus", "displayName": "Avimimus", "attribution": "Kurzanov 1981", "rawAttribution": "Kurzanov 1981", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38615", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Avimimus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "38615" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. 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Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38615", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Avimimus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38615" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38615", "genus": "Avimimus", "occurrenceId": "513488", "collectionId": "51971", "identifiedName": "Avimimus portentosus", "acceptedName": "Avimimus portentosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59518", "collectionReferenceId": "59518", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shara-Tsav [SMPE] (PIN coll. 3906)", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Shar Tsav", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "W part of Shara-Tsav bluffs, 8 km N of Bayshin-Tsav" }, { "genusId": "38615", "genus": "Avimimus", "occurrenceId": "899613", "collectionId": "59087", "identifiedName": "Avimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Avimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34415", "collectionReferenceId": "76471", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shar Tsav tracksite", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "questionable formation assignment; 4 track-bearing layers, with some incomplete tracks on layers in-between.", "geogcomments": "Shar Tsav, 275 km E of Dalanzadgad, 95 km SE from the new som Manlai, ca. 53 km SE from the Uguumur Brigade. Footprints are in the main outcrop at the E end of the cliff." }, { "genusId": "38615", "genus": "Avimimus", "occurrenceId": "937811", "collectionId": "108341", "identifiedName": "Avimimus portentosus", "acceptedName": "Avimimus portentosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70806", "collectionReferenceId": "53760", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shar Tsav West [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-34-28.45; E: 107-46-42.31; A: 896m\r\nShar Tsav (western area, mudstone dominant)" }, { "genusId": "38615", "genus": "Avimimus", "occurrenceId": "937817", "collectionId": "108344", "identifiedName": "Avimimus portentosus", "acceptedName": "Avimimus portentosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82280", "collectionReferenceId": "42293", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Yagaan Khovil [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "questionable formation assignment. Lower part of section", "geogcomments": "N: 44-04-1940; E: 102-40-1091; A: 1286m" }, { "genusId": "38615", "genus": "Avimimus", "occurrenceId": "1231953", "collectionId": "162141", "identifiedName": "Avimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Avimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52782", "collectionReferenceId": "52782", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Trenville Park", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 7, T36N, R21W, 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38615", "genus": "Avimimus", "occurrenceId": "1273550", "collectionId": "55257", "identifiedName": "Avimimus portentosus", "acceptedName": "Avimimus portentosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70806", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav I [HMNS-GIN/KID]", "collection_aka": "Bugin-tsav, northern outcrops of Bugin Tsav; Bügiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern area of Bugin Tsav; N: 43-51-5909; E: 100-00-3976; A: 982m\r\nBugin-tsav, southern Gobi Desert" }, { "genusId": "38615", "genus": "Avimimus", "occurrenceId": "1333293", "collectionId": "65344", "identifiedName": "Avimimus portentosus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Avimimus portentosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59518", "collectionReferenceId": "59518", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Udan-Sayr (PIN Loc. 3907) [MPE/SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Uuden Sayr, Uuden Sajr, Uuden Sair, Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Udan Sayr, Tüshleg", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Udanoceratops from bed 2\r\n\r\nDashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Udan-Sayr locality, in depression between Arts Bogdo and Gurvan-Sayhan ranges, N of Nemegt, \"south of Hovd-somon Ubur-Hangayskaymak\"" }, { "genusId": "38615", "genus": "Avimimus", "occurrenceId": "1566047", "collectionId": "221153", "identifiedName": "Avimimus nemegtensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Avimimus nemegtensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77379", "collectionReferenceId": "77377", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Avimimus bonebed, Nemegt", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, \"10.5 m above an interfingered Nemegt-Baruungoyot contact\"", "geogcomments": "near base of low, isolated hill at the Nemegt locality" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Avimimus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "genus:38615" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38615", "66065", "64890", "261035", "66067", "502773" ], "candidateIds": [ "38615" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "djadokhta" ], "label": "Djadokhta Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1333293", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Avimimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Caudipteryx", "Incisivosaurus", "Ningyuansaurus", "Protarchaeopteryx", "Yuanyanglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Avimimus": [ "1333293" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38615" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "379935", "name": "Baalsaurus", "displayName": "Baalsaurus", "attribution": "Calvo and Gonzalez Riga 2019", "rawAttribution": "Calvo and Gonzalez Riga 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=379935", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Baalsaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "379935" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=379935", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Baalsaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=379935" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "379935", "genus": "Baalsaurus", "occurrenceId": "1427413", "collectionId": "79953", "identifiedName": "Baalsaurus mansillai n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Baalsaurus mansillai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67594", "collectionReferenceId": "85647", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Portezuelo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Baal Quarry, Lago Barreales [MUCP]", "collection_aka": "North coast of Barreales lake", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper levels of the Portezuelo Formation", "geogcomments": "Baal Quarry, Loma de La Lata area, near the northern coast of Lago Los Barreales, 12 km south of Anelo city; coordinates based on map in Porfiri et al. (2011: fig. 1)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Baalsaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "genus:379935" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "379935", "153725" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "portezuelo" ], "label": "Portezuelo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1427413", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Barrosasaurus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Baalsaurus": [ "1427413" ], "Barrosasaurus": [ "1555070" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "379935", "153725" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38770", "name": "Bactrosaurus", "displayName": "Bactrosaurus", "attribution": "Gilmore 1933", "rawAttribution": "Gilmore 1933", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38770", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Bactrosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38770" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38770", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38770", "genus": "Bactrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "299144", "collectionId": "28778", "identifiedName": "Bactrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Bactrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7905", "collectionReferenceId": "7905", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Iren Dabasu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "north side of Iren Dabasu lake", "collection_aka": "site L", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "The Iren Dabasu Formation is Middle–Late Campanian according to Xing et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "30 km NE of Erlien railway station (Iren Dabasu), on the N side of Iren Dabasu Lake, Nei Mongol, China." }, { "genusId": "38770", "genus": "Bactrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "404942", "collectionId": "38833", "identifiedName": "Bactrosaurus johnsoni", "acceptedName": "Bactrosaurus johnsoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10471", "collectionReferenceId": "10471", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Iren Dabasu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SBDE Quarry 95E5, Erenhot", "collection_aka": "Iren Dabasu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "10 cm thick bonebed, on top of 40-55 cm thick sandy sequence.\r\nThe Iren Dabasu Formation is Middle–Late Campanian according to Xing et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "16 km NE of Erenhot, 7 km E of Iren Nor salt pan" }, { "genusId": "38770", "genus": "Bactrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487440", "collectionId": "48933", "identifiedName": "Bactrosaurus johnsoni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Bactrosaurus johnsoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13061", "collectionReferenceId": "13074", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Iren Dabasu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Johnson Quarry, Iren Dabasu", "collection_aka": "SCDP site 1, site K, AMNH quarry 141, Johnson's Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Iren Dabasu Formation is Middle–Late Campanian according to Xing et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "Erhlien, Iren Dabasu, 8 miles E (S?) of Telegraph Station" }, { "genusId": "38770", "genus": "Bactrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489854", "collectionId": "48933", "identifiedName": "Bactrosaurus johnsoni", "acceptedName": "Bactrosaurus johnsoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10471", "collectionReferenceId": "13074", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Iren Dabasu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Johnson Quarry, Iren Dabasu", "collection_aka": "SCDP site 1, site K, AMNH quarry 141, Johnson's Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Iren Dabasu Formation is Middle–Late Campanian according to Xing et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "Erhlien, Iren Dabasu, 8 miles E (S?) of Telegraph Station" }, { "genusId": "38770", "genus": "Bactrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520731", "collectionId": "53132", "identifiedName": "Bactrosaurus prynadai n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Bactrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "57423", "collectionReferenceId": "57423", "cc": "KZ", "state": "Turkistan", "county": "", "formation": "Dabrazhin", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kyrkkuduk I (Dabrazhin)", "collection_aka": "Kyrk-Kuduk, Sary-Agach, Chingeldy ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Nessov (1997) noted that trionychid remains, probably, come from the Syuk-Syuk Formation rather than from Darbaza Formation (= Darbazin Svita) as indicated by Kordikova (1994).", "geogcomments": "near Sary-Agach (Chengel'dy) railway station, Kyrk-Kuduk region, near Alym-Tau range, southern Kazakhstan\n\nVitke & Danilov (2012): Kyrkkuduk I locality (= Sary-Agach, Riabinin 1938 = area of Kyrkkuduk Well, Danilov and Vitek 2009, in press), area about 2 km in length along the northern slope of Alymtau Ridge, 6–7 km south from the well and also 3–5 km south-west from the well, Circum-Tashkent Chul, South Kazakhstan Province, Syuk-Syuk Formation and, probably, the lower part of the Darbaza Formation, Santonian – ?middle Campanian (Nessov 1997)." }, { "genusId": "38770", "genus": "Bactrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "667042", "collectionId": "71840", "identifiedName": "Bactrosaurus johnsoni", "acceptedName": "Bactrosaurus johnsoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24279", "collectionReferenceId": "24279", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shanxi", "county": "", "formation": "Zouyun", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tanankou, Hsingyaokou, Tzoyun (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Danangou, Tanangou, Xinyaogou", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from Tanankou (Danangou), Hsingyaokou, S of Tzoyun, N Shanxi = Tanangou, Xinyaogou" }, { "genusId": "38770", "genus": "Bactrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1058686", "collectionId": "55254", "identifiedName": "Bactrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Bactrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42154", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayshin Tsav II (HMNS-GIN)", "collection_aka": "Bayshin-Tsav, BTs-II", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Baynshire Suite = Bayn Shire = Baynshiree. Cenomanian to Santonian date is based upon palaeomagnetic analyses (see Watabe et al. 2009)", "geogcomments": "N: 43-30-00.64; E: 107-45-51.20; A: 905m\r\n95km southeast of Manlai Somon and 64km northeast of Khan Bogd Somonin the eastern part of Southern Gobi Aimag" }, { "genusId": "38770", "genus": "Bactrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1271480", "collectionId": "137858", "identifiedName": "cf. Bactrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Bactrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42292", "collectionReferenceId": "76481", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayshin Tsav I (HMNS-GIN)", "collection_aka": "Bayshin-Tsav, BTs-I", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Baynshire Suite = Bayn Shire = Baynshiree. Cenomanian to Santonian date is based upon palaeomagnetic analyses (see Watabe et al. 2009)", "geogcomments": "At BTs-I, at a cliff facing to the south and extending with E-W trend" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Bactrosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:38770" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "38770" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "KZ", "dabrazhin" ], "label": "Dabrazhin Formation · KZ", "occurrenceId": "520731", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bactrosaurus": [ "520731" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38770" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38846", "name": "Bagaceratops", "displayName": "Bagaceratops", "attribution": "Maryanska and Osmólska 1975", "rawAttribution": "Maryanska and Osmólska 1975", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38846", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Protoceratopsidae", "Bagaceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "52774", "52819", "38845", "38846" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38846", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Bagaceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38846" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "154975", "collectionId": "13777", "identifiedName": "Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6048", "collectionReferenceId": "9899", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermeen Tsav I, Red Beds [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Khermin Tsav", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "= \"Khermeen Tsav Formation\" = \"Red Beds of Khermeen Tsav\" = \"Protoceratops horizon\". Collection from two beds within the formation, close together near middle of section; cannot be separated based on reported sample.", "geogcomments": "along central sayr of Khermeen Tsav, 40 km SW of westernmost part of Nemegt Basin and 50 km SW of Naran Bulak, Gobi Desert. The assumption is made that \"Khermeen Tsav\" (without \"I\" or \"II\") indicates KT I for the oldest (PMPE) expeditions." }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "389054", "collectionId": "37184", "identifiedName": "Bagaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5757", "collectionReferenceId": "5757", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ukhaa Tolgod (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "Age is not well constrained for the Djadokhta Formation (Clark et al. 2001). \"Fossil vertebrate sites occur in the uppermost 65 m of a section...\" see Fig. 1b, Dashzeveg et al. (1995).\r\n\r\nDashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Ukhaa Tolgod \"is in the Nemegt Basins of the southwestern Gobi desert, about 10 km northwest of the village of Davs and 3 km southeast of Gilbent mountain (Fig 1a). It comprises several low hills, cliffs and gullies extending for about 7 km along a broad wash. The main concentration of specimens occurs in an amphitheatre (4 sq km) that marks the upper reaches of the wash.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 1995) Lat long is for Nemegt Mountains. " }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "559089", "collectionId": "58105", "identifiedName": "Bagaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15648", "collectionReferenceId": "37919", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermin Tsav, northern slope [RMPE]", "collection_aka": "Russian-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Khermeen Tsav", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Middle layers of the section on the northern slope in the Khermeen Tsav", "geogcomments": "Northern slope of Khermeen Tsav, approx. 4 km to the east of the Khermeen Tsav mouth, 30 km west of Naran Bulak Wellspring, Trans-Altai Gobi Desert, South Gobi Aimak. Coordinates are based on Naran Bulak Wellspring." }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "635575", "collectionId": "68379", "identifiedName": "Bagaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19678", "collectionReferenceId": "19678", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SCDP site 29, Bayan Mandahu", "collection_aka": "Sino-Canadian Dinosaur Project, Obo Mesa", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Obo Mesa area, Bayan Mandahu" }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "659317", "collectionId": "53229", "identifiedName": "Bagaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23829", "collectionReferenceId": "14386", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak (PIN coll. 614) [MPE/SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Shabarak Usu, Bayan Zag", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "795827", "collectionId": "11582", "identifiedName": "Platyceratops tatarinovi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11744", "collectionReferenceId": "59136", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermeen Tsav, Red Beds (PIN coll. 3142) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Khermin Tsav, Khermin-Tsab, Hermiin Tsav, Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Red Beds of Khermin Tsav", "geogcomments": "An apparently vague locality definition, that might also include the site referred to as 'Khermeen-Tsav 2' and the surrounding area." }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "848413", "collectionId": "94372", "identifiedName": "Magnirostris dodsoni", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18461", "collectionReferenceId": "18461", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SCDP, Bayan Mandahu [non-specific locality data]", "collection_aka": "Magnirostris holotype, Machairasaurus holotype", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "920618", "collectionId": "11582", "identifiedName": "Gobiceratops minutus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29118", "collectionReferenceId": "59136", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermeen Tsav, Red Beds (PIN coll. 3142) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Khermin Tsav, Khermin-Tsab, Hermiin Tsav, Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Red Beds of Khermin Tsav", "geogcomments": "An apparently vague locality definition, that might also include the site referred to as 'Khermeen-Tsav 2' and the surrounding area." }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "983917", "collectionId": "117932", "identifiedName": "Bagaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35498", "collectionReferenceId": "35498", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov Aimag", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Little Ukhaa", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "The Little Ukhaa locality... shares faunal similarity with Ukhaa Tolgod [Campanian], but it may represent a slightly different age or environment due to the presence of Bagaceratops.", "geogcomments": "Approximately 10 kilometres west of the main exposures at Ukhaa Tolgod" }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1058812", "collectionId": "130803", "identifiedName": "Bagaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53759", "collectionReferenceId": "53759", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermin Tsav I, Middle Red Beds [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Khermeen Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Khermeen Tsav; N: 43-28-2896; E: 99-49-5871 A: 991m" }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1265959", "collectionId": "127678", "identifiedName": "cf. Bagaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82280", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zhinst Tolgoi, Udyn Sayr [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Udan Sayr,", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "-upper horizon\r\n-possibly Baruungoyot Fm. (Czepinksi 2020)\r\n-Dashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Zhinst Tolgoi of Udyn Sayr (coordinates for base camp at Zhinst Tolgoi); N: 44-05-3917; E: 102-54-3316; A: 1327m" }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1271458", "collectionId": "168983", "identifiedName": "Bagaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42289", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermeen Tsav I, Gate [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Khermin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Khermeen Tsav, Nemegt Basin, Gate area at valley entrance. 43-28-58 N, 99-48-04.8 E, 896 m." }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1341983", "collectionId": "181414", "identifiedName": "Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86269", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "southern Khulsan, site 1 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Khu001", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in the \"Lower Nemegt Beds\"", "geogcomments": "An exposure in the SE of Khulsan locality" }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1467162", "collectionId": "204919", "identifiedName": "Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70305", "collectionReferenceId": "70305", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermeen Tsav (KID) [Baruungoyot Fm.]", "collection_aka": "Khermin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Khermeen Tsav" }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1482911", "collectionId": "118259", "identifiedName": "\"Bagaceratops\" sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70925", "collectionReferenceId": "7347", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugrikiyn-Shire [SMPE] (PIN coll. 3143)", "collection_aka": "Tugrikin Shire, Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire, Toogreekiyn-Shireh, Tugrikin-Us", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1603836", "collectionId": "154402", "identifiedName": "Bagaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23829", "collectionReferenceId": "14217", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "Umunugovi Aimag", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gilbentu [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Gilbent Uul, Gil'bent", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "also listed as Nemegt Fm.", "geogcomments": "Based on locality Shiregin Gashun" }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1638852", "collectionId": "118256", "identifiedName": "Lamaceratops tereschenkoi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11744", "collectionReferenceId": "38090", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khulsan (PIN coll. 4487) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Chulsan", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38846", "genus": "Bagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1638853", "collectionId": "11582", "identifiedName": "Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi", "acceptedName": "Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86269", "collectionReferenceId": "59136", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermeen Tsav, Red Beds (PIN coll. 3142) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Khermin Tsav, Khermin-Tsab, Hermiin Tsav, Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Red Beds of Khermin Tsav", "geogcomments": "An apparently vague locality definition, that might also include the site referred to as 'Khermeen-Tsav 2' and the surrounding area." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Protoceratopsidae", "Bagaceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Protoceratopsidae", "genus:38846" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38846", "58853", "38848" ], "candidateIds": [ "38846", "58853", "38848" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "428862", "name": "Bagualia", "displayName": "Bagualia", "attribution": "Pol et al. 2020", "rawAttribution": "Pol et al. 2020", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=428862", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Bagualia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "428862" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=428862", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Bagualia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=428862" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "428862", "genus": "Bagualia", "occurrenceId": "942344", "collectionId": "109131", "identifiedName": "Bagualia alba n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagualia alba", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74383", "collectionReferenceId": "36108", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "", "formation": "Cañadón Asfalto", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bagual Canyon", "collection_aka": "El Bagual sauropod site, Cañadón Bagual", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower levels of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation dated at 179.17 ± 0.12 Ma", "geogcomments": "Bagual Canyon (Cañadón Bagual), 5 km south of Cerro Cóndor, Chubut, Argentina" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Bagualia" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "genus:428862" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "428862", "38706", "461498" ], "candidateIds": [ "428862", "38706", "461498" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "370985", "name": "Bagualosaurus", "displayName": "Bagualosaurus", "attribution": "Pretto et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Pretto et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=370985", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Bagualosauria", "Bagualosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "460116", "370985" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Plant-adapted craniodental shift is supported, without proving exclusive herbivory.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Bagualosauria › Bagualosaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D2", "title": "Skull remains of the dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil): With comments on the early evolution of sauropodomorph feeding behaviour", "authors": "Bronzati, Müller and Langer", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; cranial description and feeding discussion read", "dietSupport": "Saturnalia retained predatory capability. Early sauropodomorph diets varied; Bagualosaurus shows an earlier shift towards greater plant consumption. Provides craniodental comparisons of multiple later plant-adapted genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn459view0", "turn465view3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=370985", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Bagualosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=370985" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "370985", "genus": "Bagualosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1403127", "collectionId": "98623", "identifiedName": "Bagualosaurus agudoensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Bagualosaurus agudoensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65762", "collectionReferenceId": "34027", "cc": "BR", "state": "Rio Grande do Sul", "county": "Agudo", "formation": "Santa Maria", "member": "Alemoa", "geological_group": "Rosário do Sul", "collection_name": "Varzea do Agudo site", "collection_aka": "Sítio Janner, Janner site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Santa Maria 2 (upper half of Santa Maria Formation), from the so-called \"Rhynchosaur Cenozone\" or \"Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone\" in a stratigraphic level \"with great abundance of the traversodontid Exaeretodon riograndensis.\" The Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone is generally considered late Carnian in age, but could extend into the early Norian. \r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "\"Janner Site\" = \"Várzea do Agudo\" according to ref 42509 although coordinates given differ slightly (20° 39' 10.89\"S, 53° 17' 34.20\"W); ca. 2 km W of town of Agudo" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Bagualosauria", "Bagualosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Bagualosauria", "genus:370985" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370985" ], "candidateIds": [ "370985" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38575", "name": "Bahariasaurus", "displayName": "Bahariasaurus", "attribution": "Stromer 1934", "rawAttribution": "Stromer 1934", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38575", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Avetheropoda", "Bahariasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "55483", "38575" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38575", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Bahariasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38575" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38575", "genus": "Bahariasaurus", "occurrenceId": "260828", "collectionId": "25219", "identifiedName": "Baharijasaurus ingens", "acceptedName": "Bahariasaurus ingens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45866", "collectionReferenceId": "45866", "cc": "NE", "state": "Tahoua", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "Mount Iguallala", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 17a", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group", "stratcomments": "described as \"upper part of the 'Continental Intercalaire', just below the Cenomanian-Turonian limestones\" and the highest part of the Tegama - but could be the Farak Formation (listed as such in Weishampel et al. 2004).", "geogcomments": "Mount Iguallala" }, { "genusId": "38575", "genus": "Bahariasaurus", "occurrenceId": "260832", "collectionId": "25221", "identifiedName": "Bahariasaurus ingens", "acceptedName": "Bahariasaurus ingens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7056", "collectionReferenceId": "45826", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "Echkar", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "In Abangarit-Tamesna", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 18; West of In Abangharit", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"upper part of the Continental Intercalaire, a little below the Cenomanian-Turonian\" limestone", "geogcomments": "area W of In Abangarit (= Iguidi), in the S part of the Tamesna region" }, { "genusId": "38575", "genus": "Bahariasaurus", "occurrenceId": "510835", "collectionId": "51744", "identifiedName": "Bahariasaurus ingens", "acceptedName": "Bahariasaurus ingens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13775", "collectionReferenceId": "13906", "cc": "EG", "state": "Matruh", "county": "", "formation": "Baharîje", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gebel el Dist south (7p)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "p = 7p = lowest layer at site\r\n\r\nalso known as Bahariya Formation", "geogcomments": "1 km S of Gebel el Dist, in the plain at the base of the Baharîje Valley, Baharîje Oasis, near Marsa Matruh, Egypt" }, { "genusId": "38575", "genus": "Bahariasaurus", "occurrenceId": "510841", "collectionId": "51747", "identifiedName": "Bahariasaurus ingens n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Bahariasaurus ingens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13775", "collectionReferenceId": "13775", "cc": "EG", "state": "Matruh", "county": "", "formation": "Baharîje", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gebel Ghorâbi", "collection_aka": "Bahariasaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also known as Bahariya Formation", "geogcomments": "1/3 up slope, SE side of Gebel Ghorâbi, N end of Baharije Oasis" }, { "genusId": "38575", "genus": "Bahariasaurus", "occurrenceId": "699397", "collectionId": "48868", "identifiedName": "? Bahariasaurus ingens", "acceptedName": "Bahariasaurus ingens", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59073", "collectionReferenceId": "13028", "cc": "NE", "state": "Tahoua", "county": "", "formation": "Dukamaje", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "In-Dama, Mont Igdaman (bed 8)", "collection_aka": "Mount Igdaman, Tahoua", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "pre-Maastrichtian Senonian layer, now prob. Maastrichtian = the \"Mosasaurus Shales\"", "geogcomments": "In Dama, near Mount Igdaman, near Kao, 80 km N of Tahoua" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Avetheropoda", "Bahariasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Avetheropoda", "genus:38575" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38575" ], "candidateIds": [ "38575" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "494686", "name": "Baiyinosaurus", "displayName": "Baiyinosaurus", "attribution": "Li et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Li et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=494686", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Huayangosauridae", "Baiyinosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "56485", "494686" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=494686", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Baiyinosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=494686" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "494686", "genus": "Baiyinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1660020", "collectionId": "235625", "identifiedName": "Baiyinosaurus baojiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Baiyinosaurus baojiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "88963", "collectionReferenceId": "88963", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "Baiyin", "formation": "Wangjiashan", "member": "Straw-yellow Sandstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pinchuan, Baiyin City", "collection_aka": "Baiyinosaurus type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Based on its megafossil plants and palynoflora, as well as the lacustrine invertebrate assemblage of the overlying Oil Shale Member, including conchostracans, charophytes, and bivalves, the Straw-yellow Sandstone Member of the Wangjiashan Formation is considered to be late Bathonian in age\" (Li et al. 2024). Fossil from upper part of member.", "geogcomments": "\"Pingchuan District, Baiyin City, Gansu Province, China. GPS coordinates: N36° 44′ 59.1″, E104° 49′ 53.2\" (Li et al. 2024); NW part of Baojishan Basin." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Huayangosauridae", "Baiyinosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Huayangosauridae", "genus:494686" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "candidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "381349", "name": "Bajadasaurus", "displayName": "Bajadasaurus", "attribution": "Gallina et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Gallina et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=381349", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Dicraeosauridae", "Dicraeosaurinae", "Bajadasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57361", "53961", "57351", "381349" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=381349", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Bajadasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=381349" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "381349", "genus": "Bajadasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1205595", "collectionId": "156241", "identifiedName": "Bajadasaurus pronuspinax n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Bajadasaurus pronuspinax", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67852", "collectionReferenceId": "51173", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Bajada Colorada", "member": "", "geological_group": "Mendoza", "collection_name": "Bajada Colorada locality (main)", "collection_aka": "Route 237, Picún Leufu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Seismological, surface geological, and biostratigraphical studies confirm an Early Cretaceous age (late Berriasian–Valanginian) of this formation. The Bajada Colorada Formation is considered a continental red bed unit, which conformably overlies the marine Picún Leufú Formation (Tithonian–early Berriasian) and is unconformably covered by the marine Agrio Formation (late Valanginian–late Hauterivian)", "geogcomments": "The remains were found in outcrops of the Bajada Colorada Formation (Neuquén Basin), at its type locality 40 km south of Picún Leufú town on the national route 237, in southeastern Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Dicraeosauridae", "Dicraeosaurinae", "Bajadasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Flagellicaudata", "clade:Dicraeosauridae", "clade:Dicraeosaurinae", "genus:381349" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53960", "381349" ], "candidateIds": [ "53960", "381349" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "170642", "name": "Balaur", "displayName": "Balaur", "attribution": "Csiki et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Csiki et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=170642", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Balaur" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "170642" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=170642", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Balaur", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=170642" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "170642", "genus": "Balaur", "occurrenceId": "513933", "collectionId": "13334", "identifiedName": "Balaur bondoc", "acceptedName": "Balaur bondoc", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33802", "collectionReferenceId": "5971", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tuştea-Oltoane nesting site", "collection_aka": "Valioara; Tuştea Oltoane; Tuştea nesting site; Vălioara; Valiora; Tustea, Ultoane; Tu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "northern part of Hateg Basin, 4.5 km east of Valioara, Romania. In a vertical escarpment of Oltoane Hill (= Ultoane), Tustea Village, Hateg Basin, Hunedoara County" }, { "genusId": "170642", "genus": "Balaur", "occurrenceId": "882032", "collectionId": "97813", "identifiedName": "Balaur bondoc n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Balaur bondoc", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33802", "collectionReferenceId": "33802", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sebeş Glod A (SbG/A)", "collection_aka": "Sebes Glod; Sebeş", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower third of the Sebes Formation\r\n\r\nearly Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016 and Ţabără et al. 2022)", "geogcomments": "Sebes Glod locality, ca. 2.5 km N of town of Sebes, " } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Balaur" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "genus:170642" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170642", "92201", "66532", "65133", "58873", "65135" ], "candidateIds": [ "170642" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "RO", "alba" ], "label": "Alba · RO", "occurrenceId": "882032", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Balaur" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dromaeosauroides", "Nuthetes", "Pyroraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Variraptor" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Balaur": [ "882032" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "170642" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "119558", "name": "Balochisaurus", "displayName": "Balochisaurus", "attribution": "Malkani 2004", "rawAttribution": "Malkani 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=119558", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Balochisauridae", "Balochisaurinae", "Balochisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "119549", "437511", "119558" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=119558", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Balochisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=119558" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "119558", "genus": "Balochisaurus", "occurrenceId": "739992", "collectionId": "79427", "identifiedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "acceptedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "26327", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Nala Basti, DL-7 (Zubra Gambrak)", "collection_aka": "PDL-7, Basti Nala, Zubra Gumbrak, Zubra Peak 7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Nala Basti (Zubra) = Basti Nala (Zubra) Gumbrak, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Sites on peak and southern limb." }, { "genusId": "119558", "genus": "Balochisaurus", "occurrenceId": "740920", "collectionId": "79428", "identifiedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "acceptedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26765", "collectionReferenceId": "26327", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-4 (southern sites)", "collection_aka": "PDL-4, Vitakri, South Kinwa, DL-4s", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "W and NW of Kinwa hot gas springs, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. southernmost three sites. 10 m south from small peak which is about 50 meters west to Kinwa spring." }, { "genusId": "119558", "genus": "Balochisaurus", "occurrenceId": "740933", "collectionId": "79665", "identifiedName": "Balochisaurus malkani n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26765", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Mari Bohri, DL-15 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-15", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "just W of village of Mari Bohri, 15 km W of Vitakri, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan, from E plunge of Mari Bohri-Mawand anticlinorium. Five main subsites." }, { "genusId": "119558", "genus": "Balochisaurus", "occurrenceId": "740953", "collectionId": "79669", "identifiedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "acceptedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26765", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Grut-Gumbrak, DL-9 (Nahar Kot)", "collection_aka": "PDL-9, Grut Gambrak, Grut 9", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Grut-Gumbrak (= Grut Gambrak), Nahar Kot area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119558", "genus": "Balochisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559854", "collectionId": "79664", "identifiedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "acceptedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkham", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Bor Kali Kakor, DL-2 (central)", "collection_aka": "PDL-2, Vitakri, Mid Bor", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... upper Pab Formation, just below or on the boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene).\"", "geogcomments": "central site, S of Bor Kali Kakor stream near Vitakri village, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119558", "genus": "Balochisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559860", "collectionId": "220140", "identifiedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "acceptedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Alam Kali Kakor, DL-18 (eastern)", "collection_aka": "PDL-18, Vitakri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "near lands owned by Alam Khetran, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119558", "genus": "Balochisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559861", "collectionId": "220141", "identifiedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "acceptedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Dada Pahi Kali Kakor, DL-17 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-17", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Dada Pahi Kali Kakor, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119558", "genus": "Balochisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559862", "collectionId": "220142", "identifiedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "acceptedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Rosmani Pahi Kali Kakor, DL-20 Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-20", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Rosmani Pahi Kali Kakor, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119558", "genus": "Balochisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559893", "collectionId": "220153", "identifiedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "acceptedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-4 (south of peak)", "collection_aka": "PDL-4, Vitakri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "on south of peak, near west of Kinwa (gas water spring), Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119558", "genus": "Balochisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559898", "collectionId": "220155", "identifiedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "acceptedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-4m", "collection_aka": "PDL-4m, Vitakri, Mid Kinwa", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "near the north of junction of previously described branch stream with main Kinwa stream, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119558", "genus": "Balochisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559901", "collectionId": "220158", "identifiedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "acceptedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Top Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-16 (southwest)", "collection_aka": "PDL-16, Vitakri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Top Kinwa – along upper part of Kinwa stream, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. southwestern site" }, { "genusId": "119558", "genus": "Balochisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559912", "collectionId": "220163", "identifiedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "acceptedName": "Balochisaurus malkani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Rahi Wali Gambrak, DL-10 (Nahar Kot)", "collection_aka": "PDL-10, Rahi Wali Gambruk", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Rahi Wali Gambrak, Nahar Kot area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Later papers supply diagnoses, designated types and locality statements; old conference-name dates alone do not justify a nomen nudum cut. Independent diagnosability and specimen associations remain insufficiently verified for hidden answers.", "references": [ { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Formal Description of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Biotas Found from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.net/journal/paperinformation?paperid=112161", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.119023", "access": "Primary full text/PDF read; newly formalized Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Nicksaurus and Maojandino with diagnoses and designated material.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Jurassic-Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene transitions and Mesozoic vertebrates from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2021080414130257.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.118016", "access": "Primary paper indexed description accessed; full August diagnoses not independently read in this bounded sweep.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2023, "title": "Geology and Mineral Deposits of Saraikistan (South Punjab, Koh Sulaiman Range) of Pakistan: A Tabular Review of Recently Discovered Biotas from Pakistan and Paleobiogeographic Link: Phylogeny and Hypodigm of Poripuchian Titanosaurs from Indo-Pakistan", "url": "https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2023083015073764.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2023.138040", "access": "Primary PDF read at nomenclatural tables and systematic discussion; distinguishes informal and later formal descriptions.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Hans-Volker Karl, Amtyaz Safi and Gottfried Tichy", "year": 2025, "title": "A review of the fossil records of dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous from present-day Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scientific-reports.com/index.php/srls/article/download/191/181/713", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.16895340", "access": "Primary review full PDF read. Repeats taxa and source dates, but does not independently rediagnose overlapping Pakistani types.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ] } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Balochisauridae", "Balochisaurinae", "Balochisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Balochisauridae", "clade:Balochisaurinae", "genus:119558" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "68419", "name": "Bambiraptor", "displayName": "Bambiraptor", "attribution": "Burnham et al. 2000", "rawAttribution": "Burnham et al. 2000", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68419", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Bambiraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "68419" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68419", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Bambiraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68419" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68419", "genus": "Bambiraptor", "occurrenceId": "837818", "collectionId": "22689", "identifiedName": "cf. Bambiraptor feinbergi", "acceptedName": "Bambiraptor feinbergi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31419", "collectionReferenceId": "14615", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jack's Birthday Site, MOR TM-068 (bone layer)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1564", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: frm bentonites radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min\r\n\r\nForeman et al. 2008: 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic age data reported for the Two Medicine Formation (Rogers et al., 1993; present study) are consistent with the unit accumulating during most of the Campanian Stage (83.5–70.6 Ma, Gradstein et al., 2004), with deposition definitively commencing prior to 80 Ma and terminating shortly after 74 Ma. ", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Bambiraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "genus:68419" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68419", "58873" ], "candidateIds": [ "68419", "58873" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "172314", "name": "Banji", "displayName": "Banji", "attribution": "Xu and Han 2010", "rawAttribution": "Xu and Han 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=172314", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Oviraptoridae", "Heyuanninae", "Banji" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "38557", "427203", "172314" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. A blanket verified omnivore label is too strong; preserve potential animal supplementation and genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=172314", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Banji", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=172314" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Wang et al. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "167439", "name": "Barilium", "displayName": "Barilium", "attribution": "Norman 2010", "rawAttribution": "Norman 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=167439", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Neoiguanodontia", "Iguanodontidae", "Barilium" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "318660", "38744", "167439" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=167439", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Barilium", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=167439" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "167439", "genus": "Barilium", "occurrenceId": "516335", "collectionId": "52255", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon dawsoni n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Barilium dawsoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14158", "collectionReferenceId": "14158", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Shornden Quarry (clay)", "collection_aka": "Hastings", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "2 ft below sand bed with I. fittoni", "geogcomments": "Shornden Quarry, near Hastings, Sussex; TQ 803105 [also listed as Shornden Quarry, St. Leonards, TQ 802106 and TQ 802105]" }, { "genusId": "167439", "genus": "Barilium", "occurrenceId": "518062", "collectionId": "52577", "identifiedName": "Sellacoxa pauli n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Barilium dawsoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50540", "collectionReferenceId": "14137", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Old Roar Quarry (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "St. Leonard's-on-Sea, Leonards", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Wadhurst Clay Formation of the Hastings Beds Subgroup has an ages of Lower Valanginian according to Radley (2006; vide Allen & Wimbledon 1991)", "geogcomments": "about 2 mi W of St. Leonard's-on-Sea, Hastings, Sussex; TQ 807115/TQ 808115" }, { "genusId": "167439", "genus": "Barilium", "occurrenceId": "518523", "collectionId": "52669", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon cf. dawsoni", "acceptedName": "Barilium dawsoni", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14160", "collectionReferenceId": "14160", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hastings beach (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "beach near Hastings, East Sussex" }, { "genusId": "167439", "genus": "Barilium", "occurrenceId": "869288", "collectionId": "96390", "identifiedName": "? Barilium sp.", "acceptedName": "Barilium", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32712", "collectionReferenceId": "23391", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Henfield", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "possibly Valanginian; 'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation.", "geogcomments": "Henfield, West Sussex" }, { "genusId": "167439", "genus": "Barilium", "occurrenceId": "923907", "collectionId": "105792", "identifiedName": "Kukufeldia tilgatensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Barilium dawsoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35315", "collectionReferenceId": "23491", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "Grinstead Clay", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Whiteman’s Green, Cuckfield", "collection_aka": "Whitemans", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle–upper Valanginian", "geogcomments": "now-abandoned quarry in Whiteman’s Green, Cuckfield; TQ 30052550 (also listed as TQ 300256)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Neoiguanodontia", "Iguanodontidae", "Barilium" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Neoiguanodontia", "clade:Iguanodontidae", "genus:167439" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "167439" ], "candidateIds": [ "167439" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38666", "name": "Barosaurus", "displayName": "Barosaurus", "attribution": "Marsh 1890", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1890", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38666", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Diplodocinae", "Barosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57361", "38664", "65916", "38666" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38666", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Barosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38666" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220060", "collectionId": "22678", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5760", "collectionReferenceId": "50240", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Spings", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RB Quarry, Warm Springs Ranch", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1553, Bone Bed, BB Quarry, I Quarry, WY-99, WY-100, WY--101, WY-102, RoadBone", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "seven fossiliferous layers", "geogcomments": "name originally given as \"RB\" but should be \"BB\"?; Also listed as the \"RoadBone Quarries: - PL, AD, RB, and TH; probably includes the \"I Quarry\" of Foster (2003)." }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408749", "collectionId": "39342", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 4, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Truckstop Quarry, WY-40", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "top of Unit B", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4 of sec. 6 (listed as sec. 5 in Connely 2002), T22N, R76W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "467532", "collectionId": "46460", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "58804", "collectionReferenceId": "63395", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-62, Red Gulch Quarry, Question Mark Quarry, Keyhole Canyon", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "On the Barker Howe ranch; coordinates for nearby Shell, WY. ca. 25 mi. E of Greybull, also called the \"Red Gulch Quarry\" and supposedly \"in the vicinity of Keyhole Canyon,\" as well as \"Question Mark Quarry.\"" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488683", "collectionId": "49100", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13124", "collectionReferenceId": "32805", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Mashonaland North", "county": "", "formation": "Kadzi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kadzi, main locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "isolated bones from 0.5 sq km area, all in one 20 m unit", "geogcomments": "where tsetse control fence crosses road linking Guruve (Sipolilo) and Musengezi Mission, just SW of road gravel pit" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490812", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13255", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491248", "collectionId": "49577", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14306", "collectionReferenceId": "12200", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry West (BCQ West)", "collection_aka": "WY-79, Bone Cabin Quarry Extension, Bone Cabin Quarry-E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"equivalent to Upper Salt Wash Member\" and in \"Lower Dinosaur Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491426", "collectionId": "49622", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jones Hole Quarry", "collection_aka": "CO-59, Dry Mesa Quarry 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491455", "collectionId": "49631", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus lentus", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus lentus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13295", "collectionReferenceId": "13295", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Meade", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wonderland Quarry (SDSM V9141)", "collection_aka": "Piedmont, SD-4", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "5 m above top of Unkpapa Sandstone", "geogcomments": "S of Piedmont, about 18 km N of Rapid City" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491466", "collectionId": "49634", "identifiedName": "? Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81844", "collectionReferenceId": "81844", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Crook", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SDSM V9137, MIA Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-12, Inyan Kara Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along and just east of Inyan Kara Creek, several km NW of SDSM V9138" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491506", "collectionId": "49637", "identifiedName": "? Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "81844", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Crook", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SDSM V9139, Dillon's Corner", "collection_aka": "WY-8, WY-9", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "near top of formation; upper and lower fossiliferous beds", "geogcomments": "S of Sundance in southern Crook County, in a shallow valley between ridges capped by the Lakota Fm." }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534767", "collectionId": "46465", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55026", "collectionReferenceId": "12389", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe-Stephens Quarry", "collection_aka": "Sauriermuseum, HSQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower or middle part of formation (below \"clay change\"), 10 m above Howe Q", "geogcomments": "450 m SW of original Howe Q, on Howe Ranch" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "540448", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus lentus", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus lentus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557982", "collectionId": "57905", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus lentus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus lentus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12250", "collectionReferenceId": "12250", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Meade", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hatch Ranch, Piedmont Butte", "collection_aka": "Barosaurus type, SDSM V9140, SD-3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several meters above the Unkpapa Sandston Member; Zone 5; Morrison of S. Dakota sometimes referred to as the \"Beulah shales\"", "geogcomments": "Several miles (also listed as \"about 10 miles\") N of Rapid City and 1.5 mi E of Piedmont, in E part of Black Hills (\"on the eastern 'Rim' of the Black Hills\"), a few rods SW of house on land belonging to Rachel Hatch" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098146", "collectionId": "58514", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81487", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Wayne", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hanksville-Burpee Quarry", "collection_aka": "UT-1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of upper Brushy Basin Member", "geogcomments": "near Hanksville" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1189698", "collectionId": "126540", "identifiedName": "? Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49550", "collectionReferenceId": "41030", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dana Quarry", "collection_aka": "DQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 6-9 m above contact w/underlying Sundance Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dana Quarry, near Ten Sleep; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 6, T48N, R89W (title incorrectly states Big Horn Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1237632", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61877", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1265061", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55026", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1317666", "collectionId": "58510", "identifiedName": "? Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry (MSM)", "collection_aka": "WY-71", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo; on the sheep ranch of John Arno, NW 1/4, Sec. 36, T48N, R83W, Johnson County, Wyoming, Robinson Canyon Quadrangle 7.5 series" }, { "genusId": "38666", "genus": "Barosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1561455", "collectionId": "220417", "identifiedName": "Barosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Barosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76997", "collectionReferenceId": "76998", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aaron Scott Quarry [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. Em466V", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "Aaron Scott Quarry, on W flank of San Rafael Swell, SE of Ferron" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Diplodocinae", "Barosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Flagellicaudata", "clade:Diplodocidae", "clade:Diplodocinae", "genus:38666" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456", "38695" ], "candidateIds": [ "38666" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "ZW", "kadzi" ], "label": "Kadzi Formation · ZW", "occurrenceId": "488683", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Barosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ardetosaurus", "Diplodocus", "Galeamopus", "Supersaurus", "Tornieria" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Barosaurus": [ "488683" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38666" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "153725", "name": "Barrosasaurus", "displayName": "Barrosasaurus", "attribution": "Salgado and Coria 2009", "rawAttribution": "Salgado and Coria 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153725", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Barrosasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "153725" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153725", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Barrosasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153725" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "153725", "genus": "Barrosasaurus", "occurrenceId": "826758", "collectionId": "91171", "identifiedName": "Barrosasaurus casamiquelai n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Barrosasaurus casamiquelai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30673", "collectionReferenceId": "37172", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Sierra Barrosa (Anacleto) [MCF]", "collection_aka": "ACDP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "Sierra Barrosa, 30 km NE of Plaza Huincul" }, { "genusId": "153725", "genus": "Barrosasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1555070", "collectionId": "219376", "identifiedName": "? Barrosasaurus casamiquelai", "acceptedName": "Barrosasaurus casamiquelai", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76273", "collectionReferenceId": "76273", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Portezuelo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "north sector, Sierra del Portezuelo (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in the north sector of the Sierra del Portezuelo, Neuquén province, Argentina" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Barrosasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "genus:153725" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "153725", "201024" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "AR", "anacleto", "neuquén" ], "label": "Anacleto Formation · Neuquén · AR", "occurrenceId": "826758", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Barrosasaurus", "Narambuenatitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Barrosasaurus": [ "826758" ], "Narambuenatitan": [ "980820" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "153725", "201024" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38771", "name": "Barsboldia", "displayName": "Barsboldia", "attribution": "Maryanska and Osmólska 1981", "rawAttribution": "Maryanska and Osmólska 1981", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38771", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Barsboldia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53385", "38771" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38771", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Barsboldia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38771" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38771", "genus": "Barsboldia", "occurrenceId": "404785", "collectionId": "38021", "identifiedName": "Barsboldia sicinskii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Barsboldia sicinskii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9907", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Northern Sayr, site 23 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem023", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of Nemegt Formation (Upper Nemegt beds)", "geogcomments": "Northern Sayr, Nemegt locality" }, { "genusId": "38771", "genus": "Barsboldia", "occurrenceId": "2056807", "collectionId": "277798", "identifiedName": "Barsboldia sp.", "acceptedName": "Barsboldia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "92756", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Khushu [KID]", "collection_aka": "Tsagan Khusku, Tsagan Usu, Tsagan Hushu", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Barsboldia" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Saurolophinae", "genus:38771" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "candidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "58891", "name": "Baryonyx", "displayName": "Baryonyx", "attribution": "Charig and Milner 1986", "rawAttribution": "Charig and Milner 1986", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58891", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Baryonychinae", "Baryonyx" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38595", "58892", "58891" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58891", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Baryonyx", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58891" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/baryonyx.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "58891", "genus": "Baryonyx", "occurrenceId": "459067", "collectionId": "45193", "identifiedName": "Baryonyx walkeri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Baryonyx walkeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11817", "collectionReferenceId": "55264", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Surrey", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Smokejacks Brickworks", "collection_aka": "Baryonyx type, Ockley, Smokejack's", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 7 m below the base of BGS Bed 5c, Cypridea clavata zone; Hughes's MCT phase 2 (1994)", "geogcomments": "Smokejack's Brickworks (Ockley Building Products Limited, formerly Ockley Brick Company Limited), Wallis Wood, Ockley, near Dorking, Surrey, England, a little below the top of the SE face, nearest to the works buildings. Grid reference TQ13: 113 373. Includes extended excavation of Iguanodon in same bed." }, { "genusId": "58891", "genus": "Baryonyx", "occurrenceId": "459070", "collectionId": "45194", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Baryonyx sp.", "acceptedName": "Baryonyx", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31065", "collectionReferenceId": "29949", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y León", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Pinilla de los Moros", "member": "", "geological_group": "Urbión", "collection_name": "La Tejera-Valdesancho", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden facies\"", "geogcomments": "La Tejera-Valdesancho, within the municipal limits of Barbadillo del Mercado" }, { "genusId": "58891", "genus": "Baryonyx", "occurrenceId": "812321", "collectionId": "89274", "identifiedName": "cf. Baryonyx sp.", "acceptedName": "Baryonyx", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31065", "collectionReferenceId": "31065", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Urbión", "collection_name": "Tenada de la Rosa (C-15)", "collection_aka": "Tenadas de la Rosada, Hacinas, Cabezón de la Sierra", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden facies\"", "geogcomments": "Tenada de la Rosa, near Cabezón de la Sierra, Hacinas" }, { "genusId": "58891", "genus": "Baryonyx", "occurrenceId": "812324", "collectionId": "89277", "identifiedName": "Baryonyx sp.", "acceptedName": "Baryonyx", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17647", "collectionReferenceId": "17647", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y León", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Pinilla de los Moros", "member": "", "geological_group": "Urbión", "collection_name": "El Juguete", "collection_aka": "Salas de los Infantes", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "El Juguete, near Salas de los Infantes" }, { "genusId": "58891", "genus": "Baryonyx", "occurrenceId": "871944", "collectionId": "96621", "identifiedName": "Baryonyx sp.", "acceptedName": "Baryonyx", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32811", "collectionReferenceId": "11766", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Pevensey Pit, Ashdown Brickworks (Conglomerate Bed)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"exposes a sequence of the Lower Tunbridge Wells Sands\" Hastings beds; three closely related layers within a ca. 40 cm sequence. Also described as \"mid-way within the Wadhurst Clay Formation\"", "geogcomments": "\"situated adjacent to Turkey Road, northwest of Bexhill, East Sussex at TQ 720 095\"" }, { "genusId": "58891", "genus": "Baryonyx", "occurrenceId": "1280940", "collectionId": "170037", "identifiedName": "Baryonyx sp.", "acceptedName": "Baryonyx", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55500", "collectionReferenceId": "55500", "cc": "ES", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Enciso", "collection_name": "Enciso", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Enciso" }, { "genusId": "58891", "genus": "Baryonyx", "occurrenceId": "1544142", "collectionId": "189306", "identifiedName": "Baryonyx sp.", "acceptedName": "Baryonyx", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75421", "collectionReferenceId": "63556", "cc": "PT", "state": "Lisboa", "county": "Setúbal", "formation": "Papo Seco", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Praia do Areia do Mastro (CPGP collection)", "collection_aka": "Cabo Espichel, Areias do Mastro", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "The site is located at the base of coastal cliffs" }, { "genusId": "58891", "genus": "Baryonyx", "occurrenceId": "1605948", "collectionId": "125935", "identifiedName": "cf. Baryonyx sp.", "acceptedName": "Baryonyx", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82497", "collectionReferenceId": "53516", "cc": "TN", "state": "Tataouine", "county": "", "formation": "Aïn el Guettar", "member": "Oum ed Diab", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "El Hmaima 1", "collection_aka": "Bateun el Hmaima", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. assigned to the Chenini Member, but referred to the lower Oum ed Diab Mbr. in Fanti et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "Bateun el Hmaima" }, { "genusId": "58891", "genus": "Baryonyx", "occurrenceId": "1639190", "collectionId": "232344", "identifiedName": "aff. Baryonyx sp.", "acceptedName": "Baryonyx", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86383", "collectionReferenceId": "86383", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragon", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "El Castellar", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Caña Seca 1, Gúdar", "collection_aka": "CSC-1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation", "geogcomments": "Caña Seca 1, municipality of Gúdar, Teruel province, NE part of Iberian Chain; coelurosaur ilium was found a few dozen meters away from the main site" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Baryonychinae", "Baryonyx" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Spinosauridae", "clade:Baryonychinae", "genus:58891" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58891", "472223", "502838", "397944" ], "candidateIds": [ "58891", "472223", "502838", "397944" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "455658", "name": "Bashanosaurus", "displayName": "Bashanosaurus", "attribution": "Hui et al. 2022", "rawAttribution": "Hui et al. 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=455658", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Huayangosauridae", "Bashanosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "56485", "455658" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=455658", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Bashanosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=455658" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "455658", "genus": "Bashanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1593540", "collectionId": "205726", "identifiedName": "Bashanosaurus primitivus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Bashanosaurus primitivus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81610", "collectionReferenceId": "70522", "cc": "CN", "state": "Chongqing", "county": "Yunyang", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Laojun Village, Pu’an Town", "collection_aka": "Puan \"Dinosaur Wall\"; Yunyang", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower to middle portion of the lower member of the Shaximiao Formation\r\nSeveral radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age: Dai et al. (2022) reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bathonian, based on zircon U-Pb ages of 166.0 ± 1.5 Ma (Zhou et al. 2022). ", "geogcomments": "Laojun Village, Pu’an Town, Yunyang County, Chongqing Municipality" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Huayangosauridae", "Bashanosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Huayangosauridae", "genus:455658" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "candidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "245643", "name": "Batyrosaurus", "displayName": "Batyrosaurus", "attribution": "Godefroit et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Godefroit et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=245643", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Batyrosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "245643" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Also exposed 120 m downstream of main site on W bank of creek. Sec. 14, T70N, R8W, 6th meridian" }, { "genusId": "333797", "genus": "Boreonykus", "occurrenceId": "867598", "collectionId": "22699", "identifiedName": "Boreonykus certekorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Boreonykus certekorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "57455", "collectionReferenceId": "5710", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Wapiti", "member": "Unit 3", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pipestone Creek Bonebed (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1574, TMP.1989.55, Tanke Site 11, Pachyrhinosaurus bonebed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min; approx 73 ma", "geogcomments": "40 km SW of Grand Prairie, NW Alberta; 10 m above creek bed and 1.1 km upstream from Pipestone Creek County Park campground and the confluence with the Wapiti River. Also exposed 120 m downstream of main site on W bank of creek. Sec. 14, T70N, R8W, 6th meridian" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Dromaeosaurinae", "Boreonykus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Eudromaeosauria", "clade:Dromaeosaurinae", "genus:333797" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "235251", "52959" ], "candidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "235251", "52959" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64790", "name": "Borogovia", "displayName": "Borogovia", "attribution": "Osmolska 1987", "rawAttribution": "Osmolska 1987", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64790", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Saurornithoidini", "Borogovia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "379275", "518014", "64790" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64790", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Borogovia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64790" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64790", "genus": "Borogovia", "occurrenceId": "404836", "collectionId": "37020", "identifiedName": "Borogovia gracilicrus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Borogovia gracilicrus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10141", "collectionReferenceId": "9899", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV, general [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula IV - no specifics given, 50 km W of Nemegt, Omnogov" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Saurornithoidini", "Borogovia" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Troodontinae", "clade:Saurornithoidini", "genus:64790" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64790", "38573", "168437" ], "candidateIds": [ "64790", "38573", "168437" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38677", "name": "Brachiosaurus", "displayName": "Brachiosaurus", "attribution": "Riggs 1903", "rawAttribution": "Riggs 1903", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38677", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Brachiosauridae", "Brachiosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "38673", "38677" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38677", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Americas", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Brachiosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38677" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/brachiosaurus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408079", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "? Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19565", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408386", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "467542", "collectionId": "46465", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41898", "collectionReferenceId": "12389", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe-Stephens Quarry", "collection_aka": "Sauriermuseum, HSQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower or middle part of formation (below \"clay change\"), 10 m above Howe Q", "geogcomments": "450 m SW of original Howe Q, on Howe Ranch" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488678", "collectionId": "49100", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13124", "collectionReferenceId": "32805", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Mashonaland North", "county": "", "formation": "Kadzi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kadzi, main locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "isolated bones from 0.5 sq km area, all in one 20 m unit", "geogcomments": "where tsetse control fence crosses road linking Guruve (Sipolilo) and Musengezi Mission, just SW of road gravel pit" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491428", "collectionId": "49623", "identifiedName": "? Brachiosaurus altithorax", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus altithorax", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "63692", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Potter Creek Quarry", "collection_aka": "CO-60", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"approximately in the middle of the Bushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation\"", "geogcomments": "\"approximately 70 km SSE of the Riggs locality, was named the Potter Creek Quarry\" (Jensen 1987)" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520079", "collectionId": "49338", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82687", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 1, Kenton (OMNH V92)", "collection_aka": "OK-1, WPA, OMNH Quarry 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12.04 m below top of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co. On Hwy 64, about 100 yds E of bridge crossing Carrizo Creek, 10 mi E of NM-OK line" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541715", "collectionId": "56683", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus altithorax n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus altithorax", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17263", "collectionReferenceId": "9790", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Riggs Quarry 13, Fruita (FMNH)", "collection_aka": "Riggs Hill, CO-45", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "164 ft below top of member, near middle of formation", "geogcomments": "near Fruita, CO; 3 mi N of Quarry 12. in N 1/2, NE 1/4, sec 26, T11S, R101W, approx 5 mi W of downtown Grand Junction" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541718", "collectionId": "56684", "identifiedName": "? Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15264", "collectionReferenceId": "53013", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Holt Quarry", "collection_aka": "Riggs Hill, Fruita, Holt's Quarry 1, Holt's Quarry 2, CO-46, CO-47", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "116 ft below top of member (48 ft above Riggs Quarry 13)", "geogcomments": "150 ft NW of Riggs Quarry 13, near Fruita, CO. 3 mi N of Quarry 12. in N 1/2, NE 1/4, sec 26, T11S, R101W, approx 5 mi W of downtown Grand Junction.\r\nSeems to combine taxa listed as pertaining to Holt's Quarry 1 and 2 in Turner and Peterson (1999)." }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "632806", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19565", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "663697", "collectionId": "71476", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "63779", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "FPA General Site (LACM)", "collection_aka": "Fruita Paleontological Area, LACM Loc. 4684, 6174, CO-33", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Base of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation immediately above the \"clay change\" horizon (see Kirkland 2006, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36:67-95, fig. 6, pg. 93). Turner & Peterson (1999, Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geol. Survey Misc. Publ. 99-1, 77-114) placed the Fruita localities (listed as CO-33 in their stratigraphic sections) within the Kimmeridgian, and within their \"Dinosaur Zone 2\" and \"charophyte-ostracod Zone 4\". Stratigraphic horizons closely equivalent to the Fruitadens quarries yield 40Ar/39Ar isotopic dates of 150.3 +/- 0.3 Ma and 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma (see Turner & Peterson 1999). This would place the Fruita quarries within the early Tithonian on recent timescales. ", "geogcomments": "Fruita Paleontological Area, 4.8 km WSW of Fruita; S 1/2 sec 13 and N 1/2 sec 24, T1N, R3W, Ute principal meridian. Evans 1996: \"a series of sublocalities...all apparently exposing the same horizon\"" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "667952", "collectionId": "48349", "identifiedName": "? Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24373", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru Quarry G", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "400 m S of Tendaguru Hill, Tendaguru Plateau" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "873202", "collectionId": "96826", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33033", "collectionReferenceId": "33033", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jensen/Jensen Quarry, DNM", "collection_aka": "UT-12, Dinosaur National Monument", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"basal Brushy Basin Member sediments of the Morrison Formation near Jensen, Utah\"", "geogcomments": "\"near Jensen, Utah. This deposit (the Jensen/Jensen Quarry) is located south of the Green River, a few miles from the Dinosaur National Monument Quarry\"" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "999332", "collectionId": "121241", "identifiedName": "? Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "38722", "collectionReferenceId": "38687", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry M 7", "collection_aka": "British Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two bone levels, 3 ft apart; formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "cutting into Tendaguru Hill itself, at NW edge. Altitude corrected from 740 ft." }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1033192", "collectionId": "126540", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41030", "collectionReferenceId": "41030", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dana Quarry", "collection_aka": "DQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 6-9 m above contact w/underlying Sundance Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dana Quarry, near Ten Sleep; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 6, T48N, R89W (title incorrectly states Big Horn Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098145", "collectionId": "58514", "identifiedName": "? Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44416", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Wayne", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hanksville-Burpee Quarry", "collection_aka": "UT-1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of upper Brushy Basin Member", "geogcomments": "near Hanksville" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1347079", "collectionId": "182492", "identifiedName": "? Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76452", "collectionReferenceId": "76452", "cc": "DE", "state": "Nordrhein-Westfalen", "county": "", "formation": "Süntel", "member": "Unterbank", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bruns Quarry paleosol, Nettelstedt", "collection_aka": "Wiehengebirge", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bruns Quarry, Nettelstedt, in the Wiehengebirge (E of Osnabrueck)" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1587772", "collectionId": "207749", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80157", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheridan College Quarry 1", "collection_aka": "SCQ1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheridan College Quarry, ca. 20 mi. S of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633723", "collectionId": "231620", "identifiedName": "? Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lower Split Rock Site 1", "collection_aka": "Rabbit Valley; CO-24", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower sandstone bed", "geogcomments": "near Split Rock, Rabbit Valley" }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1639686", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86548", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38677", "genus": "Brachiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1685359", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "cf. Brachiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90754", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Brachiosauridae", "Brachiosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Brachiosauridae", "genus:38677" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38677", "81693", "67847", "65343", "352537" ], "candidateIds": [ "38677", "81693", "67847", "65343", "352537" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38757", "name": "Brachylophosaurus", "displayName": "Brachylophosaurus", "attribution": "Sternberg 1953", "rawAttribution": "Sternberg 1953", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38757", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Brachylophosaurini", "Brachylophosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "205434", "38757" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38757", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Brachylophosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38757" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38757", "genus": "Brachylophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "280571", "collectionId": "26779", "identifiedName": "Brachylophosaurus goodwini n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachylophosaurus canadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7405", "collectionReferenceId": "7405", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "UCMP V83125, Skull Crest", "collection_aka": "Brachylophosaurus goodwini type site, Canadian Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"approximate middle\" of Judith River Formation, approximately 15 m above coal bed \"assumed to be equivalen to top of the 'Foremost Formation' of Alberta.\"", "geogcomments": "Canadian Creek, Hill County, MT." }, { "genusId": "38757", "genus": "Brachylophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520762", "collectionId": "53146", "identifiedName": "Brachylophosaurus canadensis", "acceptedName": "Brachylophosaurus canadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4217", "collectionReferenceId": "14357", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Claggett", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rattlesnake Butte, ANSP MT:WH-2", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38757", "genus": "Brachylophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565134", "collectionId": "59041", "identifiedName": "Brachylophosaurus canadensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Brachylophosaurus canadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51599", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 103, 0.5 miles above mouth of Sand Creek (60 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 58, NMC, G.S.C.35, Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from 7 m below base of Dinosaur Park Formation; \"The occurrence is significant because it is the stratigraphically lowest documented hadrosaur skeleton that can be identified to the genus-level, and it is the only hadrosaur known from the Oldman Formation at the Park.\" [Eberth & Evans, 2011]", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 6, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian; about 60 ft above level of Red Deer River, 0.5 mi. above the mouth of the creek" }, { "genusId": "38757", "genus": "Brachylophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "642473", "collectionId": "69281", "identifiedName": "Brachylophosaurus goodwini", "acceptedName": "Brachylophosaurus canadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82729", "collectionReferenceId": "19968", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Phillips", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR JR-168, Fanny Hill", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower/regressive part of formation, near contact w/Claggett Fm., estimated at approx. 78 Ma", "geogcomments": "on Fanny Hill, about 10 mi N of Malta" }, { "genusId": "38757", "genus": "Brachylophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "686854", "collectionId": "73891", "identifiedName": "Brachylophosaurus canadensis", "acceptedName": "Brachylophosaurus canadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82676", "collectionReferenceId": "82676", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Phillips", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Leo Site, Malta", "collection_aka": "Leonardo", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle of formation, in fluvial section of formation", "geogcomments": "locality given as \"northern Phillips County\", 25-30 km N of Malta, estimated from map in Tweet et al. 2009" }, { "genusId": "38757", "genus": "Brachylophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1231991", "collectionId": "162171", "identifiedName": "Brachylophosaurus canadensis", "acceptedName": "Brachylophosaurus canadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52782", "collectionReferenceId": "52782", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Onefour [Oldman]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near village of Onefour, SE Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38757", "genus": "Brachylophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1263420", "collectionId": "167804", "identifiedName": "Brachylophosaurus cf. canadensis", "acceptedName": "Brachylophosaurus canadensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54856", "collectionReferenceId": "54856", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Phillips", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Little Cottonwood Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower portions of formation", "geogcomments": "along Little Cottonwood drainage, NE Montana" }, { "genusId": "38757", "genus": "Brachylophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1606924", "collectionId": "227264", "identifiedName": "Brachylophosaurus goodwini", "acceptedName": "Brachylophosaurus canadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82729", "collectionReferenceId": "82729", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Phillips", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR JR-224", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower/regressive part of formation, near contact w/Claggett Fm., estimated at approx. 78 Ma", "geogcomments": "27 km north of Malta, NE Montana, and 87 km from the Canadian border" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Brachylophosaurini", "Brachylophosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "hadrosaur-saurolophine-working-model", "rationale": "Reconcile imported traditional crestless-hadrosaur branches with the chosen basal-Hadrosaurus topology; preserve all finer descendants and apply the Hadrosaurus genus override last. This is a topology choice, not a synonym assertion.", "references": [ { "id": "addendum-madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary article indexed full-text extracts of the Hadrosaurinae, Saurolophinae and Brachylophosaurini entries; direct PMC open CAPTCHA and PeerJ open 403.", "finding": "Hadrosaurinae has Hadrosaurus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier. Saurolophinae has Saurolophus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier, with an additional exclusion condition for Hadrosaurus. These names are topology-dependent alternatives for the Saurolophus branch; they are not unconditional synonyms. Brachylophosaurini explicitly excludes Hadrosaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn656search0", "turn659search0" ] }, { "id": "addendum-ma2026", "title": "First Report of a Hollow Cranial Crest in an Early-Diverging Duck-Billed Dinosaur, with Implications for Convergent Evolution of Acoustic Signaling", "doi": "10.3390/biology15080615", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/15/8/615", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-04-13", "access": "Primary publisher indexed full-text section 5; direct open 429.", "finding": "Updated hadrosauroid analysis recovers Hadrosaurus as the earliest-diverging hadrosaurid, separate from Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae. This supplies a recent primary precedent for the chosen basal placement.", "webRefs": [ "turn670search0" ] } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Saurolophinae", "clade:Brachylophosaurini", "genus:38757" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "candidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66114", "name": "Brachytrachelopan", "displayName": "Brachytrachelopan", "attribution": "Rauhut et al. 2005", "rawAttribution": "Rauhut et al. 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66114", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Dicraeosauridae", "Dicraeosaurinae", "Brachytrachelopan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57361", "53961", "57351", "66114" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Westward, these rocks are recognized as the Cedar Mountain Formation; eastward, the Burro Canyon Formation. The arbitrary dividing line between these entities is generally placed at the Colorado River (Stokes 1952; Tschudy et al. 1984) which technically places OMNHV857 within the Burro Canyon Formation. However, we will refer to the locality as belonging to the more widely recognized Cedar Mountain Formation, as it is in this formation that comparable specimens are known, and the stratigraphy and sedimentology do not change across the arbitrary border.\" (Taylor et al. 2011:76)\r\n\"Stratigraphically, OMNH locality V857 lies within the Ruby Ranch Member, a few meters below the local contact with the Dakota Formation (see Kirkland et al. 1999: fig. 8). As a working hypothesis, we regard the fossils from the Hotel Mesa site as being Aptian–Albian\" (Taylor et al. 2011: 77)\r\n\r\nOverall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "\"Southwest flank of Hotel Mesa in easternmost Grand County, Utah, about 1.3 km north-northeast of the junction of the Colorado and Dolores rivers (sec. 4. T23S R24E, Dewey 7.5' quadrangle, USGS provisional edition 1985\" (Taylor et al. 2011:76)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Brontomerus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "genus:178321" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "178321" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "cedar mountain" ], "label": "Cedar Mountain Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "883353", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Brontomerus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia", "Chubutisaurus", "Dasosaurus", "Ligabuesaurus", "Padillasaurus", "Sauroposeidon", "Triunfosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Brontomerus": [ "883353" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "178321" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "52983", "name": "Brontosaurus", "displayName": "Brontosaurus", "attribution": "Marsh 1879", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1879", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52983", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Apatosaurinae", "Brontosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57361", "38664", "66543", "52983" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52983", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Brontosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52983" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "219974", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus excelsus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "384369", "collectionId": "36576", "identifiedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35184", "collectionReferenceId": "35184", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Riggs Quarry 15, Fruita (FMNH)", "collection_aka": "CO-36, Dinosaur Hill Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"probably equivalent to Como Beds of Wyoming\"; 198 ft below top of member", "geogcomments": "1.5 mi S of Fruita, Grand River Valley, Colorado. In NW 1/4, sec 29, T1N, R2W (Ute meridian)" }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408088", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Brontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408830", "collectionId": "39368", "identifiedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7814", "collectionReferenceId": "7814", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 10, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-17", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of SW 1/4 of sec. 12, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408839", "collectionId": "39369", "identifiedName": "Brontosaurus amplus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7816", "collectionReferenceId": "7816", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 11, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-18", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of SW 1/4 of sec. 12, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481979", "collectionId": "48161", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus excelsus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "14309", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Small's Quarry, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "DMNH Quarry 6, CO-11", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation, also described as \"low in the Brushy Basin Member\"", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491444", "collectionId": "49627", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus excelsus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nail Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WY-39, WDIS Quarry 2b", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Talking Rocks Member\" near middle of formation; located just above caliche boundary in Unit B.", "geogcomments": "a few km E of Louise Quarry, near Como Bluff; T. 22 N ., R. 77 W ., Sec. 1" }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "516483", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Eobrontosaurus yahnahpin", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus yahnahpin", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14072", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519392", "collectionId": "52816", "identifiedName": "Elosaurus parvus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus parvus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13855", "collectionReferenceId": "13855", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry E, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520505", "collectionId": "52816", "identifiedName": "Brontosaurus parvus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus parvus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55026", "collectionReferenceId": "13855", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry E, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "536393", "collectionId": "55487", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus yahnahpin n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus yahnahpin", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14073", "collectionReferenceId": "14073", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bertha Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WY-44, WDIS Quarry 4a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"close to the level of Marsh Quarry 13\"; Unit A", "geogcomments": "E part of Como Bluff; T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 6?" }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557971", "collectionId": "57898", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus excelsus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry F, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557973", "collectionId": "57900", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus excelsus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry J, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557976", "collectionId": "57902", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus excelsus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry 4, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123325", "collectionId": "142335", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus excelsus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry A, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123326", "collectionId": "142336", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus excelsus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry B, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123327", "collectionId": "142337", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus excelsus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry 5, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1264894", "collectionId": "58516", "identifiedName": "Brontosaurus parvus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus parvus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55026", "collectionReferenceId": "53254", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mill Canyon Quarry (BYU)", "collection_aka": "Mill Canyon Dinosaur Trail", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NW of Moab; near I-70 milepost 141. T24S, R20E (no section given), in the Salt Valley, ca. 9 km NE of the axis of the Salt Valley Anticline. From a 9-m-high ridge on the W side of Mill Canyon Wash. Also includes nearby Mill Canyon Dinosaur Trail." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1265066", "collectionId": "49338", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus parvus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus parvus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55036", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 1, Kenton (OMNH V92)", "collection_aka": "OK-1, WPA, OMNH Quarry 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12.04 m below top of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co. On Hwy 64, about 100 yds E of bridge crossing Carrizo Creek, 10 mi E of NM-OK line" }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1377739", "collectionId": "188398", "identifiedName": "Brontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63169", "collectionReferenceId": "63169", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Little Wagonhound Creek (UW)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Little Wagonhound Creek" }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1569877", "collectionId": "221673", "identifiedName": "Brontosaurus giganteus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77735", "collectionReferenceId": "77735", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "foot of Freezeout Mountains [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "Freezeout Hills", "geogscale": "basin", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "foot of Freezeout Mountains, \"80 miles northwest of Laramie\"" }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1581463", "collectionId": "13352", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus excelsus", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus excelsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "10490", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry D, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "30-40 ft above Quarry E", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "52983", "genus": "Brontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1629398", "collectionId": "230771", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus yahnahpin", "acceptedName": "Brontosaurus yahnahpin", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Joseph Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 5a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 6" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Apatosaurinae", "Brontosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Flagellicaudata", "clade:Diplodocidae", "clade:Apatosaurinae", "genus:52983" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38665", "52983" ], "candidateIds": [ "38665", "52983" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "519375", "name": "Brontotholus", "displayName": "Brontotholus", "attribution": "Woodruff et al. 2025", "rawAttribution": "Woodruff et al. 2025", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519375", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosauridae", "Pachycephalosaurinae", "Brontotholus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38782", "38783", "67626", "519375" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=463610", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Caieiria", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=463610" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "463610", "genus": "Caieiria", "occurrenceId": "1612553", "collectionId": "51628", "identifiedName": "Caieiria allocaudata n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Caieiria allocaudata", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83113", "collectionReferenceId": "13739", "cc": "BR", "state": "Minas Gerais", "county": "", "formation": "Serra da Galga", "member": "", "geological_group": "Bauru", "collection_name": "Price Quarry 1 (Caieira quarry)", "collection_aka": "Peirópolis, Serra do Veadinho outcrop 1, Serra do Veadinho, Ponto 1 do Price, \"Caiera\" Quarry", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "Previously described as the Serra da Galga Member of the Marília Formation, but Serra da Galga now raised to the rank of formation (Soares et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "near the Peirópolis station of the Mogiana railroad, 19 km E of Uberaba, abandoned quarry from São Luís farm, Veadinho Hill, about 2 km N of Peirópolis = \"Serra do Veadinho outcrop 1\" of Novas et al. 2008" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Aeolosaurini", "Caieiria" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "clade:Aeolosaurini", "genus:463610" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610", "66573", "523952", "172032" ], "candidateIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "serra da galga" ], "label": "Serra da Galga Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1612553", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Aeolosaurus", "Baurutitan", "Caieiria" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gondwanatitan", "Mesetasaurus", "Panamericansaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Aeolosaurus": [ "625893" ], "Baurutitan": [ "508524", "508532", "1294033", "1612552" ], "Caieiria": [ "1612553" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "372275", "name": "Caihong", "displayName": "Caihong", "attribution": "Hu et al. 2018", "rawAttribution": "Hu et al. 2018", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372275", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Caihong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "372275" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "This conservative unknown set prevents misleading carnivore certainty; it is not an assertion that herbivory or omnivory is demonstrated. Use another clue unless narrower reviewed anatomical evidence is supplied.; Coelurosauria/Paraves/Maniraptora alone is not a uniform ecological bracket. This task has no attributable genus-specific feeding evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372275", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Caihong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372275" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "372275", "genus": "Caihong", "occurrenceId": "1407542", "collectionId": "194581", "identifiedName": "Caihong juji n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Caihong juji", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66096", "collectionReferenceId": "66096", "cc": "CN", "state": "Hebei", "county": "Qinglong", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gangou, Qinglong", "collection_aka": "Caihong type locality", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Gangou, Qinglong, northern Hebei Province" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Caihong" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] }, { "id": "372275", "rationale": "Use stable Paraves rather than inconsistent Troodontidae/Anchiornithidae fine assignments. Do not use a working move to alter PBDB-defined bird-subtree roster scope.", "references": [ { "id": "foth2017", "title": "Re-evaluation of the Haarlem Archaeopteryx and the radiation of maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5712154/", "doi": "10.1186/s12862-017-1076-y", "year": 2017, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ostromia and Anchiornis placed within Anchiornithidae near early avialans; conflicts with troodontid placement." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "genus:372275" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "255864", "38565", "68247", "372484", "193133" ], "candidateIds": [ "372275" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "hebei" ], "label": "Hebei · CN", "occurrenceId": "1407542", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Caihong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Eosinopteryx", "Paronychodon", "Pedopenna", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Caihong": [ "1407542" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "372275" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66528", "name": "Calamosaurus", "displayName": "Calamosaurus", "attribution": "Lydekker 1891", "rawAttribution": "Lydekker 1891", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66528", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Calamosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "66528" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66528", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Calamosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66528" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66528", "genus": "Calamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1636864", "collectionId": "92917", "identifiedName": "Calamospondylus foxi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Calamosaurus foxi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14157", "collectionReferenceId": "17375", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Isle of Wight (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "\"This material cannot be satisfactorily assigned to a Wealden Group horizon\" (Sweetman & Martill 2010)", "geogcomments": "No detailed locality details available - \"Wealden of Brook\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Calamosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "genus:66528" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66528", "68315" ], "candidateIds": [ "66528", "68315" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "497371", "name": "Caletodraco", "displayName": "Caletodraco", "attribution": "Buffetaut et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Buffetaut et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=497371", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Furileusauria", "Caletodraco" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "138556", "336873", "497371" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=497371", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Caletodraco", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=497371" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "497371", "genus": "Caletodraco", "occurrenceId": "1662259", "collectionId": "235955", "identifiedName": "Caletodraco cottardi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Caletodraco cottardi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89297", "collectionReferenceId": "89297", "cc": "FR", "state": "Normandy", "county": "Seine-Maritime", "formation": "Saint Jouin", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Saint-Jouin-Bruneval", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Lower Cenomanian glauconitic Chalk, Mantelliceras dixoni zone, probably C3 sequence of Hoyez et al.\"", "geogcomments": "cliffs along the English Channel at Saint-Jouin-Bruneval, on the coast of the Pays de Caux" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Furileusauria", "Caletodraco" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauridae", "clade:Brachyrostra", "clade:Furileusauria", "genus:497371" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "497371" ], "candidateIds": [ "497371" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Now on private land, S side of No Thoroughfare Canyon, sec 29, T11S, R101W." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "139308", "collectionId": "11925", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus supremus", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus supremus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4209", "collectionReferenceId": "4209", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Riggs Quarry 14, Fruita (FMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as \"upper Como Beds\"", "geogcomments": "2 mi S of Fruita, CO; 100 feet above Riggs Quarry 12; N of mouth of Wedding Canyon" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "149600", "collectionId": "13214", "identifiedName": "Morosaurus grandis", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52556", "collectionReferenceId": "52556", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Converse", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freeze Out Mtns. Kansas Univ. Expedition", "collection_aka": "Freezeout Hills Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "referred to in text as \"Atlantosaurus Beds\" and \"Como Beds\", and as Lower Cretaceous", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in the Freeze Out Mountains, Converse Co." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "219972", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Morosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13100", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "219980", "collectionId": "22650", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus lentus", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus lentus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19566", "collectionReferenceId": "50240", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Springs", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "BS Quarry + S Quarry, Warm Springs Ranch", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1524, Beside Sauropod, Sauropod, WY-98", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally entered as Cloverly (Aptian-Albian) but later abstract says Morrison; quarry has been placed just below the Kimm-Tith boundary", "geogcomments": "both Sauropod (S) and Beside Sauropods (BS) quarries are directly adjacent and in the same layer, so are here combined as one collection. Bones from different individuals are mixed throughout." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "220056", "collectionId": "22678", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5760", "collectionReferenceId": "50240", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Spings", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RB Quarry, Warm Springs Ranch", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1553, Bone Bed, BB Quarry, I Quarry, WY-99, WY-100, WY--101, WY-102, RoadBone", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "seven fossiliferous layers", "geogcomments": "name originally given as \"RB\" but should be \"BB\"?; Also listed as the \"RoadBone Quarries: - PL, AD, RB, and TH; probably includes the \"I Quarry\" of Foster (2003)." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "225584", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14579", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "372881", "collectionId": "35293", "identifiedName": "Cathetosaurus lewisi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus lewisi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9518", "collectionReferenceId": "56001", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dominguez/Jones Quarry", "collection_aka": "CO-56", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "approx. 10 m above base of Brushy Basin Member, near middle of formation", "geogcomments": "Dominguez/Jones Quarry Pit 1, above confluence of Big and Little Dominguez Creeks, T14S R98W (N. Mex. principal meridian), Mesa Co., Colorado; E slope of Uncompaghre Plateau; ca. 1000 ft. above river. Pits 1 and 2 are 300 yes apart, and considered together as one site. Directions given in ref 62833 (Newell 1973)." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408069", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Morosaurus lentus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus lentus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10620", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408070", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Morosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408077", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "? Morosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408396", "collectionId": "13212", "identifiedName": "Pleurocoelus montanus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14074", "collectionReferenceId": "7811", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 1, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-21", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "referred to in paper as \"Atlantosaurus Beds\" and \"Como Beds\"; upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of SW 1/4 of sec. 10, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408398", "collectionId": "13212", "identifiedName": "Morosaurus impar n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7813", "collectionReferenceId": "7811", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 1, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-21", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "referred to in paper as \"Atlantosaurus Beds\" and \"Como Beds\"; upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of SW 1/4 of sec. 10, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408399", "collectionId": "13212", "identifiedName": "Morosaurus robustus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7803", "collectionReferenceId": "7811", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 1, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-21", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "referred to in paper as \"Atlantosaurus Beds\" and \"Como Beds\"; upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of SW 1/4 of sec. 10, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408400", "collectionId": "13212", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus grandis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7811", "collectionReferenceId": "7811", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 1, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-21", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "referred to in paper as \"Atlantosaurus Beds\" and \"Como Beds\"; upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of SW 1/4 of sec. 10, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408733", "collectionId": "39337", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "7814", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 1A, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Big Canyon Quarry, WY-27", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of NE 1/4 of sec. 17, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408740", "collectionId": "39340", "identifiedName": "Morosaurus grandis", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "7813", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 3, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "S 1/2 of SW 1/4 of sec. 11, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408748", "collectionId": "39342", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 4, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Truckstop Quarry, WY-40", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "top of Unit B", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4 of sec. 6 (listed as sec. 5 in Connely 2002), T22N, R76W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408761", "collectionId": "39347", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 8, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-19", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "S 1/2 of sec. 11, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408772", "collectionId": "12816", "identifiedName": "Morosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10667", "collectionReferenceId": "10624", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 9, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Mammal Quarry, WY-15", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle upper part of the Morrison series; Unit B", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of sec. 12, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "408852", "collectionId": "39370", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "7814", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 12, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Robber's Roost, WY-29, Robber's Gulch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 of sec. 18, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "409322", "collectionId": "11611", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus cf. lentus", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus lentus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78052", "collectionReferenceId": "5767", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mygatt-Moore Quarry, lower mudstone", "collection_aka": "MWC Loc. 1.05.86, MWC Loc. 2, CO-21, main quarry, MMQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "middle part of member\r\n\r\nAsh fall zircons from the site were U-Pb dated to 152.3 +/- 0.2Ma placing the site near the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian boundary (Trujillo et al. 2014)", "geogcomments": "NW part of Rabbit Valley, Mesa Co., Colorado" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "467533", "collectionId": "46460", "identifiedName": "Morosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "58804", "collectionReferenceId": "63395", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-62, Red Gulch Quarry, Question Mark Quarry, Keyhole Canyon", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "On the Barker Howe ranch; coordinates for nearby Shell, WY. ca. 25 mi. E of Greybull, also called the \"Red Gulch Quarry\" and supposedly \"in the vicinity of Keyhole Canyon,\" as well as \"Question Mark Quarry.\"" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "467549", "collectionId": "46465", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12389", "collectionReferenceId": "12389", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe-Stephens Quarry", "collection_aka": "Sauriermuseum, HSQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower or middle part of formation (below \"clay change\"), 10 m above Howe Q", "geogcomments": "450 m SW of original Howe Q, on Howe Ranch" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "474519", "collectionId": "47065", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12534", "collectionReferenceId": "12534", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "East Camarasaurus Quarry '93", "collection_aka": "ECQ, WY-86, Cam 1993", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 14 m above base of member, \"Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "about 10 miles N of Como Bluff, < 1 km from Bone Cabin Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "477074", "collectionId": "47196", "identifiedName": "cf. Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12622", "collectionReferenceId": "12622", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Willow Springs Quarry", "collection_aka": "BYU ESM-163R", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near base of Upper = Brushy Basin Member", "geogcomments": "approx. 5 miles E of Willow Springs, Emery Co., UT" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "481755", "collectionId": "48127", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus supremus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus supremus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7239", "collectionReferenceId": "15653", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry I, Cope's Nipple", "collection_aka": "Saurian Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, CO. N side of Saurian Hill. About 500 yds SW of \"Cope's Nipple\"" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "481758", "collectionId": "48129", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus supremus", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus supremus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "4402", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry III, Cope's Nipple", "collection_aka": "Saurian Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near the top of the Morrison Formation", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, CO. Near Quarry II on SW side of Saurian Hill. Located S of the Camarasaurus supremus Quarry (Quarry I)." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "481760", "collectionId": "48129", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus leptodirus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus supremus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9088", "collectionReferenceId": "4402", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry III, Cope's Nipple", "collection_aka": "Saurian Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near the top of the Morrison Formation", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, CO. Near Quarry II on SW side of Saurian Hill. Located S of the Camarasaurus supremus Quarry (Quarry I)." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "481932", "collectionId": "48146", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry V, Cope's Nipple", "collection_aka": "Saurian Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO. Not clear where along Saurian Hill this site was located." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "481933", "collectionId": "48147", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry VI, Cope's Nipple", "collection_aka": "Saurian Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO. S along cliff running S from Saurian Hill/Cope's Nipple" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "481934", "collectionId": "48148", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry VII, Cope's Nipple", "collection_aka": "Saurian Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO. S along cliff running S from Saurian Hill/Cope's Nipple" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "481936", "collectionId": "48149", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus supremus", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus supremus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "13268", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry VIII, The Fort", "collection_aka": "Camarasaurus Quarry no. 2, CO-1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO. About 500 feet SW of Cope's Nipple, 1/4 mi. N of Quarry VII." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "481940", "collectionId": "48153", "identifiedName": "Amphicoelias latus", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus supremus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "13078", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry XIV", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "481957", "collectionId": "48158", "identifiedName": "Amphicoelias latus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus supremus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33920", "collectionReferenceId": "33920", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry XV, Oil Tract", "collection_aka": "CO-76", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "481991", "collectionId": "48162", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lindsey Quarry (DMNH)", "collection_aka": "Garden Park, CO-8, Lindsey's, DMNH Quarry 3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "E part of Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO. General vicinity of DeWeese Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "488681", "collectionId": "49100", "identifiedName": "? Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13124", "collectionReferenceId": "32805", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Mashonaland North", "county": "", "formation": "Kadzi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kadzi, main locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "isolated bones from 0.5 sq km area, all in one 20 m unit", "geogcomments": "where tsetse control fence crosses road linking Guruve (Sipolilo) and Musengezi Mission, just SW of road gravel pit" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "488687", "collectionId": "49105", "identifiedName": "? Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13124", "collectionReferenceId": "32808", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Mashonaland North", "county": "", "formation": "Kadzi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kadzi, WNW locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "isolated bones from 0.5 sq km area, all in one 20 m unit; \"sandstone, 50-70 feet thick, which in places was covered by 10 to 30 feet of coarse-grained, unconsolidated sediments\" (Bertram 1971)", "geogcomments": "where tsetse control fence crosses road linking Guruve (Sipolilo) and Musengezi Mission, 20 km WNW of main locaity" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "489276", "collectionId": "49229", "identifiedName": "Morosaurus marchei n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Morosaurus marchei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63601", "collectionReferenceId": "46682", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Santarem", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vila Nova de Ourém", "collection_aka": "Vestaria, Ourem", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. \"Conglomerados de Caranguejeira\", mid-Cretaceous, but now \"?Alcobaça Formation\" (Mocho et al., 2017)", "geogcomments": "Vila Nova de Ourém, Vestaria, Bombarral Sub-Basin" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "490813", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92793", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "491218", "collectionId": "49596", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 5, Kenton (OMNH V94)", "collection_aka": "OK-2, WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "39 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "0.8 km northeast of Quarry 6 along the SE margin of Black Mesa; E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "491224", "collectionId": "49597", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85444", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 6, Kenton (OMNH V95)", "collection_aka": "OK-3, WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in beds equivalent to Brushy Basin Mbr.; upper middle part of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "13.7 km NW of Quarry 1, E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "491249", "collectionId": "49577", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus ? grandis", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52132", "collectionReferenceId": "12200", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry West (BCQ West)", "collection_aka": "WY-79, Bone Cabin Quarry Extension, Bone Cabin Quarry-E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"equivalent to Upper Salt Wash Member\" and in \"Lower Dinosaur Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "491433", "collectionId": "49626", "identifiedName": "? Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "41026", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Green River Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "UT-9; UMNH VP Loc. 60, UGS EM363V", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "just W of Green River; sec 3, T21S, R14E, Emery Co. = Utah Geol. Survey EM363V = UMNH VP LOC 60" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "491438", "collectionId": "49628", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Louise Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-22", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near center of the upper N face of Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "491442", "collectionId": "49627", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nail Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WY-39, WDIS Quarry 2b", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Talking Rocks Member\" near middle of formation; located just above caliche boundary in Unit B.", "geogcomments": "a few km E of Louise Quarry, near Como Bluff; T. 22 N ., R. 77 W ., Sec. 1" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "491452", "collectionId": "49630", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13295", "collectionReferenceId": "55474", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Lawrence", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fuller's 351 (SDSM V351)", "collection_aka": "SD-2, St. Onge", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of formation (within 3-4 m)", "geogcomments": "NE of Spearfish, northern Black Hills, 6 mi. E of St. Onge" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "491460", "collectionId": "49633", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13295", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Fall River", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Parker's Mystery Locality, Hot Springs (SDSM V381)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Hot Springs, but exact location unknown" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "491467", "collectionId": "49636", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5792", "collectionReferenceId": "5792", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Crook", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Little Houston Quarry (SDSM V9138, SDSM V941)", "collection_aka": "WY-11, Main Quarry, Mammal Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two closely spaced beds, Unit 2 and Unit 3", "geogcomments": "approx. 21 km W of Sundance, just N of Little Houston Creek. Includes both Main Quarry and Mammal Quarry, as the two are just 70 m apart and laterally continuous." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "513529", "collectionId": "51990", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13903", "collectionReferenceId": "13903", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sandoval", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH locality L-210", "collection_aka": "Hagan Basin", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates for Hagan (same map sheet)" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "513530", "collectionId": "51991", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13903", "collectionReferenceId": "13903", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sandoval", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Recapture", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH locality L-211", "collection_aka": "Hagan Basin", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "has also been assigned to the Summerville Fm.", "geogcomments": "coordinates for Hagan (same map sheet)" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "519390", "collectionId": "52815", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "10490", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry C, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "519391", "collectionId": "52816", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "13855", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry E, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "528339", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Uintasaurus douglassi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus lentus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36751", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "534757", "collectionId": "55329", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14818", "collectionReferenceId": "14818", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kings View Quarry, Fruita", "collection_aka": "MWC locality L-2002-11", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle of member", "geogcomments": "about 3 km S of Fruita, near Colorado River, about 400 m W of Riggs Quarry 15 at Dinosaur Hill" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "536374", "collectionId": "55483", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14966", "collectionReferenceId": "14966", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH Stego 99 Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-80, Jeff Parker's Quarry; Jeff P Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in formation", "geogcomments": "2.5 km SW of Bone Cabin Quarry, near Little Medicine Bow River" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "539277", "collectionId": "49631", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15142", "collectionReferenceId": "13295", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Meade", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wonderland Quarry (SDSM V9141)", "collection_aka": "Piedmont, SD-4", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "5 m above top of Unkpapa Sandstone", "geogcomments": "S of Piedmont, about 18 km N of Rapid City" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "540082", "collectionId": "48837", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "53184", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry N, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "Freezeout Mountains, Freezeout Hills", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.), orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "540202", "collectionId": "48161", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54842", "collectionReferenceId": "14309", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Small's Quarry, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "DMNH Quarry 6, CO-11", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation, also described as \"low in the Brushy Basin Member\"", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "540331", "collectionId": "50714", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 03-30, Horse Coulée", "collection_aka": "Horse Coulee, Beauvais Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"probably Unit III\"", "geogcomments": "30 mi E of Pryor, MT on Horse Coulée" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "540434", "collectionId": "22717", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "9727", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Bernalillo", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Peterson Quarry, NMMNH L-3282", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1593, Laguna", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; upper middle part of formation; upper part of member, 26 m below upper contact with Jackpile Mb", "geogcomments": "UTM zone 13, 3897311 N, 0305883 E; near Laguna, drainage channel in narrow arroyo on E flank, Mesa Gigante, W-central NM" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "541206", "collectionId": "56596", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15239", "collectionReferenceId": "15239", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rabbit Valley Camarasaurus", "collection_aka": "Liz's Camarasaurus, RVRNA-2, CO-22", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "amphitheater at head of McDonald Creek, just N of I-70 in Rabbit Valley; part of Rabbit Valley Research Natural Area; close to Mygatt/Moore Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "541901", "collectionId": "39344", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 5, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "E 1/2 of NE 1/4 of sec. 17, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "557961", "collectionId": "57893", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freezeout Hills Quarry 4", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.)" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "557964", "collectionId": "57895", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freezeout Hills Quarry L", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.)" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "557975", "collectionId": "57901", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry K, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "557978", "collectionId": "57903", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "77734", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry R (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two distinct layers", "geogcomments": "SE of Como Bluff, 14 mi S of Bone Cabin Quarry on Prager Anticline, along Union Pacific Railroad line" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "558004", "collectionId": "57913", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15567", "collectionReferenceId": "15567", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 96, Rainbow Park microsite", "collection_aka": "UT-26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Located in Rainbow Park where the Green River enters Split Mountain Gorge" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "560962", "collectionId": "58507", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82673", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Weston", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bobcat Pit", "collection_aka": "Black Hills; KU-WY-121, KU Dinosaur Quarry, CU Pit", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "on private land belonging to M.Y. 140 Ranch LLC, S of Sundance, NW Black Hills in NE Wyoming, Weston Co." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "560964", "collectionId": "58508", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Park", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Paint Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "560972", "collectionId": "58510", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry (MSM)", "collection_aka": "WY-71", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo; on the sheep ranch of John Arno, NW 1/4, Sec. 36, T48N, R83W, Johnson County, Wyoming, Robinson Canyon Quadrangle 7.5 series" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "560978", "collectionId": "58511", "identifiedName": "? Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81844", "collectionReferenceId": "81844", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Crook", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SDSM V923, Blacktail Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "hills high above Blacktail Creek, in Bearlodge Mountains S of Hulett" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "560984", "collectionId": "58516", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63754", "collectionReferenceId": "53254", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mill Canyon Quarry (BYU)", "collection_aka": "Mill Canyon Dinosaur Trail", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NW of Moab; near I-70 milepost 141. T24S, R20E (no section given), in the Salt Valley, ca. 9 km NE of the axis of the Salt Valley Anticline. From a 9-m-high ridge on the W side of Mill Canyon Wash. Also includes nearby Mill Canyon Dinosaur Trail." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "560987", "collectionId": "58517", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Floy Junction", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "562994", "collectionId": "56654", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ninemile Hill", "collection_aka": "UW V-98046, WY-82", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "< 1 m below contact of approx. 15-m-thick unit of dark gray mudstone marking top of Morrison; total unit thickness here = 143 m", "geogcomments": "on Graff Ranch, about 13 km NNW of Como Bluff, a few km SW of Bone Cabin Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "565109", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus annae n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus lentus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16756", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "591708", "collectionId": "62561", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18062", "collectionReferenceId": "18060", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Canyon Ranch Quarry", "collection_aka": "Hope College REU, Dinosaur Safari Inc., Simon Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper Morrison", "geogcomments": "Red Canyon Ranch, near Shell" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "621185", "collectionId": "66909", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19044", "collectionReferenceId": "19042", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Alameda Parkway Morrison dinosaur site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "presumably laterally continuous with Lakes Quarry 5 (now destroyed); bones present in one layer, the second of four stories in the section", "geogcomments": "exposed along roadcut for Alameda Parkway near Morrison" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "625872", "collectionId": "55320", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19240", "collectionReferenceId": "14803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Springs", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Something Interesting Quarry (SI), unit 1", "collection_aka": "Warm Springs Ranch", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "tracks associated with bone quarry, but at 3 levels in total within this unit 1", "geogcomments": "2.5 mi SE of Thermopolis, N-central Wyoming, Bighorn Basin" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "632801", "collectionId": "11611", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus cf. lentus", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus lentus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78052", "collectionReferenceId": "5767", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mygatt-Moore Quarry, lower mudstone", "collection_aka": "MWC Loc. 1.05.86, MWC Loc. 2, CO-21, main quarry, MMQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "middle part of member\r\n\r\nAsh fall zircons from the site were U-Pb dated to 152.3 +/- 0.2Ma placing the site near the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian boundary (Trujillo et al. 2014)", "geogcomments": "NW part of Rabbit Valley, Mesa Co., Colorado" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "632803", "collectionId": "55329", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19565", "collectionReferenceId": "14818", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kings View Quarry, Fruita", "collection_aka": "MWC locality L-2002-11", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle of member", "geogcomments": "about 3 km S of Fruita, near Colorado River, about 400 m W of Riggs Quarry 15 at Dinosaur Hill" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "632805", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19565", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "632849", "collectionId": "68099", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus grandis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19566", "collectionReferenceId": "57359", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sandoval", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-555, San Ysidro Camarasaurus Quarry", "collection_aka": "San Ysidro 1, Rigby's Camarasaurus, NM-3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ca. 27 m below base of overlying Jackpile Sandstone", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, SE 1/4, SW 1/4 of sec 22, T15N, R1E; near San Ysidro, in a small arroyo" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "647855", "collectionId": "70030", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Las Animas", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Villegreen", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "647857", "collectionId": "70031", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "81134", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cactus Park Quarry 3A (CU-Denver)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "sec. 9, T14S, R99W" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "647860", "collectionId": "70032", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "33033", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cactus Park Quarry (BYU Loc. 681)", "collection_aka": "CO-55", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "663694", "collectionId": "71476", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "63779", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "FPA General Site (LACM)", "collection_aka": "Fruita Paleontological Area, LACM Loc. 4684, 6174, CO-33", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Base of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation immediately above the \"clay change\" horizon (see Kirkland 2006, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36:67-95, fig. 6, pg. 93). Turner & Peterson (1999, Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geol. Survey Misc. Publ. 99-1, 77-114) placed the Fruita localities (listed as CO-33 in their stratigraphic sections) within the Kimmeridgian, and within their \"Dinosaur Zone 2\" and \"charophyte-ostracod Zone 4\". Stratigraphic horizons closely equivalent to the Fruitadens quarries yield 40Ar/39Ar isotopic dates of 150.3 +/- 0.3 Ma and 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma (see Turner & Peterson 1999). This would place the Fruita quarries within the early Tithonian on recent timescales. ", "geogcomments": "Fruita Paleontological Area, 4.8 km WSW of Fruita; S 1/2 sec 13 and N 1/2 sec 24, T1N, R3W, Ute principal meridian. Evans 1996: \"a series of sublocalities...all apparently exposing the same horizon\"" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "702803", "collectionId": "75453", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zane Quarry, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "WY-92", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"lowermost two meters of the Morrison Formation\" - four quarries within 16.5 m. 9-Mile Ranch facies", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek area; specific location not given. Four quarries are present, but it is not clear whether this list pertains to one or all of them." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "831033", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus ? lentus", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus lentus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52132", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "915510", "collectionId": "104715", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35044", "collectionReferenceId": "35044", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Sal Mountains, southwest", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near base of SW slope of La Sal Mtns, S of Moab, on private land" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1033191", "collectionId": "126540", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41030", "collectionReferenceId": "41030", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dana Quarry", "collection_aka": "DQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 6-9 m above contact w/underlying Sundance Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dana Quarry, near Ten Sleep; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 6, T48N, R89W (title incorrectly states Big Horn Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1068450", "collectionId": "132243", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42580", "collectionReferenceId": "42580", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Meade", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Quarry, Sturgis area (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in formation based on geographic position", "geogcomments": "for material collected in the Sturgis area by Smithsonian crews" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1087109", "collectionId": "25141", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "12264", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Moffat", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Calico Gulch Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "Lily Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Calico Gulch Quarry at Lily Park, 195 miles from Dry Mesa Quarry, Moffat Co." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098142", "collectionId": "58514", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44416", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Wayne", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hanksville-Burpee Quarry", "collection_aka": "UT-1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of upper Brushy Basin Member", "geogcomments": "near Hanksville" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1189695", "collectionId": "57894", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49550", "collectionReferenceId": "78581", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freezeout Hills Quarry 6 (FMNH)", "collection_aka": "Carnegie Quarry M, University of Kansas Loc. 17", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.)" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1195295", "collectionId": "22650", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus lentus", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus lentus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19566", "collectionReferenceId": "50240", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Springs", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "BS Quarry + S Quarry, Warm Springs Ranch", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1524, Beside Sauropod, Sauropod, WY-98", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally entered as Cloverly (Aptian-Albian) but later abstract says Morrison; quarry has been placed just below the Kimm-Tith boundary", "geogcomments": "both Sauropod (S) and Beside Sauropods (BS) quarries are directly adjacent and in the same layer, so are here combined as one collection. Bones from different individuals are mixed throughout." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1197958", "collectionId": "154925", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50456", "collectionReferenceId": "50456", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Gunnison", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur Beach (CURE)", "collection_aka": "Curecanti, South Beach", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower than Dino Cove site", "geogcomments": "Dinosaur Beach, Blue Mesa Reservoir, Curecanti National Recreation Area" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1197964", "collectionId": "154924", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50456", "collectionReferenceId": "50456", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Gunnison", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Northern Dinosaur Beach (CURE)", "collection_aka": "Curecanti, North Beach II", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Northern Dinosaur Beach, Blue Mesa Reservoir, Curecanti National Recreation Area; includes extension known as North Beach II" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1220161", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus lentus", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus lentus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52132", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1220162", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52132", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1227707", "collectionId": "52815", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "10490", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry C, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1317657", "collectionId": "96826", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "33033", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jensen/Jensen Quarry, DNM", "collection_aka": "UT-12, Dinosaur National Monument", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"basal Brushy Basin Member sediments of the Morrison Formation near Jensen, Utah\"", "geogcomments": "\"near Jensen, Utah. This deposit (the Jensen/Jensen Quarry) is located south of the Green River, a few miles from the Dinosaur National Monument Quarry\"" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1317662", "collectionId": "55482", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "14966", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lynn Quarry", "collection_aka": "UW V-97014, Ninemile Hill, WY-84", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in Morrison Fm.", "geogcomments": "on Graff Ranch, about 13 km NNW of Como Bluff, a few km SW of Bone Cabin Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1317668", "collectionId": "176983", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry 1", "collection_aka": "WY-72", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1317673", "collectionId": "176984", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry 2", "collection_aka": "WY-73", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1320130", "collectionId": "177496", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "58659", "collectionReferenceId": "58659", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Otero", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Unit B", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Picketwire Canyonlands (upper)", "collection_aka": "Purgatory River, Purgatoire River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "in the canyonlands of the Purgatoire River (= Picketwire)" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1347086", "collectionId": "182492", "identifiedName": "? Camarosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "60696", "collectionReferenceId": "76452", "cc": "DE", "state": "Nordrhein-Westfalen", "county": "", "formation": "Süntel", "member": "Unterbank", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bruns Quarry paleosol, Nettelstedt", "collection_aka": "Wiehengebirge", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bruns Quarry, Nettelstedt, in the Wiehengebirge (E of Osnabrueck)" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1396868", "collectionId": "192432", "identifiedName": "? Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65141", "collectionReferenceId": "65141", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "White Mesa", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near White Mesa" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1397031", "collectionId": "192455", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65150", "collectionReferenceId": "65150", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fossil Ridge, FPA", "collection_aka": "Fruita, CO-33", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Fruita, CO" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1397067", "collectionId": "53040", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "71347", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Main Callison Quarry, FPA", "collection_aka": "LACM Loc. #5572; Fruita, Quarry 4, CO-33", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Drab flood-plain facies\" at the base of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation immediately above the \"clay change\" horizon (see Kirkland 2006, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36:67-95, fig. 6, pg. 93). Turner & Peterson (1999, Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geol. Survey Misc. Publ. 99-1, 77-114) placed the Fruitadens localities (listed as CO-33 in their stratigraphic sections) within the Kimmeridgian, and within their \"Dinosaur Zone 2\" and \"charophyte-ostracod Zone 4\". Stratigraphic horizons closely equivalent to the Fruitadens quarries yield 40Ar/39Ar isotopic dates of 150.3 +/- 0.3 Ma and 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma (see Turner & Peterson 1999). This would place the Fruita quarries within the early Tithonian on recent timescales. \r\n\"middle of the formation near the base of the Brushy Basin Member\"", "geogcomments": "Fruita Paleontological Area, 4.8 km WSW of Fruita; S 1/2 sec 13 and N 1/2 sec 24, T1N, R3W, Ute principal meridian" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1397899", "collectionId": "192707", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65403", "collectionReferenceId": "65403", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Springs", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Warm Springs Ranch tracksite, unit 1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "stratigraphic section 2, on the Warm Springs Ranch, SE of Thermopolis" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1398111", "collectionId": "70029", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65427", "collectionReferenceId": "10638", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Larimer", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Masonville locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in formation", "geogcomments": "near Masonville, CO" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1400764", "collectionId": "49624", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90820", "collectionReferenceId": "15193", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Park", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Upper Strickland Creek Quarry", "collection_aka": "MT-2, O'Hair Quarry, Lower O'Hair Quarry, MOR Loc. M-048", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ca. 15 m above Swift Fm. and ca. 40 m below Kootenai Fm. (= Lower Morrison?)", "geogcomments": "T3S, R9E, near Strickland Creek, SW Montana" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1467170", "collectionId": "48171", "identifiedName": "? Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49550", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Meyer Site 2, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-73", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1561463", "collectionId": "220417", "identifiedName": "Camarosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76997", "collectionReferenceId": "76998", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aaron Scott Quarry [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. Em466V", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "Aaron Scott Quarry, on W flank of San Rafael Swell, SE of Ferron" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1563927", "collectionId": "48154", "identifiedName": "aff. Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77168", "collectionReferenceId": "33920", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry XII", "collection_aka": "CO-71; Garden Park", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Brushy Basin Member ?\r\n\r\nC5 systems tract, 150.44–149.21 Ma, lower Tithonian, Upper Jurassic (Mannion et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "Cope Quarry XII, Garden Park, 8 miles N/NE of Cañon City" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1581464", "collectionId": "13352", "identifiedName": "Morosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5990", "collectionReferenceId": "10490", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry D, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "30-40 ft above Quarry E", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1587773", "collectionId": "207749", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheridan College Quarry 1", "collection_aka": "SCQ1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheridan College Quarry, ca. 20 mi. S of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1598447", "collectionId": "74663", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "81840", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Natrona", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cottonwood Creek Dinosaur Trail (Tate-UW)", "collection_aka": "Alcova Lake, WY-1, WY-2, WY-3", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation, across some tens of meters", "geogcomments": "along N side of Cottonwood Creek, near Alcova Lake; three closely spaced quarries along trail (Quarry 1, Quarry 2, Quarry 3)" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1604187", "collectionId": "226819", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82297", "collectionReferenceId": "82297", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Crook", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hulett (BHI) [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality near the town of Hulett" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1606921", "collectionId": "227262", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82719", "collectionReferenceId": "82720", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nickopod Quarry (VMNH)", "collection_aka": "Coyote Basin", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's \"Unit I\"", "geogcomments": "\"Nickopod\" quarry, Coyote Basin" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1629375", "collectionId": "230770", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Claw Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 3c, Breakfast Bench", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 5.; along Breakfast Bench" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1629409", "collectionId": "230774", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85752", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nasa Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 9a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 4" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1632533", "collectionId": "231290", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Dallam", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Texas panhandle Morrison Fm. [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality presumably in the Texas panhandle, placed based on subsurface extent of Morrison Fm." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633396", "collectionId": "231533", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Moffat", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wolf Creek Quarry", "collection_aka": "CO-17", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "Wolf Creek Quarry, N of Massadona, SE of Dinosaur National Monument" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633417", "collectionId": "224377", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheridan College Quarry 2 (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "SCQ2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "vinicity of Poison Creek and SCQ1" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633448", "collectionId": "231547", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Morton Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 12a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N., R. 76 W., Sec. 5 or 6" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633467", "collectionId": "231552", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Matt Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 18a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 5" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633631", "collectionId": "231568", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fredlin Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 25a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A, just below caliche boundary", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N., R. 77W., Sec. 1" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633635", "collectionId": "231570", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mojo Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 26a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 5" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633638", "collectionId": "231573", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kat Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 29c", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 6" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633650", "collectionId": "231553", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "EP Thompson Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 19a; E. P. Thompson's Quarry; WY-47", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec.4" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633652", "collectionId": "231579", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry G, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "approx. sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633668", "collectionId": "231591", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Park", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Webster Park", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Webster Park, Park Co." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633709", "collectionId": "231618", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Moffat", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Witherell Quarry, Skull Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Witherell Quarry (private), Skull Creek drainage, E of Dinosaur NM" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1685862", "collectionId": "238774", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90820", "collectionReferenceId": "90820", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Fergus", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "JRDI Quarry 1, Spindletop Dome", "collection_aka": "Judith River Dinosaur Institute", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "36 m above Swift Formation", "geogcomments": "on flanks of Spindletop Dome, near Grass Range; 5E Ranch Q2 Section; E1/2, NW 1/4, Sec 34 T13N, R23E, Tyler, MT; 46°50'46.65\"N, 108°47'35.76\"W. On the 5E ranch owned by the Hein family." }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1700489", "collectionId": "240960", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92238", "collectionReferenceId": "92238", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cosm Quarry", "collection_aka": "Cosm-II, Bobcat Hill", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "2-3 closely spaced bone-bearing layers", "geogcomments": "approximate location: \"Cosm Quarry is located close to the southern border of Big Horn County, northwest from Ten Sleep, near an area known to the locals as Bobcat Hill/Ridge\"" }, { "genusId": "38697", "genus": "Camarasaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056516", "collectionId": "277753", "identifiedName": "Camarasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aurora Quarry 4 (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Como Bluff", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Como Bluff, near Medicine Bow" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Camarasauromorpha", "Camarasauridae", "Camarasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Camarasauromorpha", "clade:Camarasauridae", "genus:38697" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38697", "71349" ], "candidateIds": [ "38697", "71349" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "249475", "name": "Camarillasaurus", "displayName": "Camarillasaurus", "attribution": "Sánchez-Hernández and Benton 2014", "rawAttribution": "Sánchez-Hernández and Benton 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=249475", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Spinosaurinae", "Camarillasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38595", "53371", "249475" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=249475", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Camarillasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=249475" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "249475", "genus": "Camarillasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1080889", "collectionId": "135648", "identifiedName": "Camarillasaurus cirugedae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camarillasaurus cirugedae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43381", "collectionReferenceId": "43381", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Camarillas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fuente Amar outcrop, near Camarillas village", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Light brown clay and limestone beds, in which fossil wood remains are common, of the Camarillas Formation, lower Barremian, Lower Cretaceous", "geogcomments": "Fuente Arnar outcrop, near Camarillas village, Teruel Province, Aragón, NE Spain\r\nThe fossils come from a rock outcrop in a farm field, which, according to the discoverer of the dinosaur remains, is called Fuente Arnar, within the land of the Pedro Cirugeda Buj family, close to Camarillas village" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Spinosaurinae", "Camarillasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Spinosauridae", "clade:Spinosaurinae", "genus:249475" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "249475" ], "candidateIds": [ "249475" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38647", "name": "Camelotia", "displayName": "Camelotia", "attribution": "Galton 1985", "rawAttribution": "Galton 1985", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38647", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Camelotia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38647" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Sauropodiformes › Camelotia; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Plant dependence is broadly supported by craniodental evolution; feeding specialisation varies and exclusivity is not assumed.", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38647", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Camelotia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38647" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38647", "genus": "Camelotia", "occurrenceId": "486165", "collectionId": "48644", "identifiedName": "Camelotia borealis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camelotia borealis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12982", "collectionReferenceId": "14886", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Somerset", "formation": "Westbury", "member": "Wedmore Stone", "geological_group": "Penarth", "collection_name": "Wedmore Hill, bed 7", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as \"Rhaetic\" but this represents only a portion of the Rhaetian \r\n\r\n\"The limestone called the \"Wedmore Stone\" (Bed 27 of Richardson 1911: p. 53) is a local development near the base of the Westbury Formation in the Isle of Wedmore that is formed by the Wedmore inlier.\" (Galton, 1998)", "geogcomments": "small quarry/pit, Wedmore Hill, parish of Wedmore, SE of Wedmore village, Vale of Glastonbury, Somerset. Described as \"about the spot marked on the map of the Geological Survey by the letter D of the word Wedmore,\" NGR ST 4448." }, { "genusId": "38647", "genus": "Camelotia", "occurrenceId": "558388", "collectionId": "122362", "identifiedName": "Camelotia sp.", "acceptedName": "Camelotia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16509", "collectionReferenceId": "24888", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershire", "formation": "Westbury", "member": "", "geological_group": "Penarth", "collection_name": "Aust Cliff bone bed (Ord coll, Bristol)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Bonebed is at the base of the Westbury Formation", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Camelotia" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "genus:38647" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38647", "423027" ], "candidateIds": [ "38647", "423027" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "496269", "name": "Campananeyen", "displayName": "Campananeyen", "attribution": "Lerzo et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Lerzo et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=496269", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Rebbachisauridae", "Campananeyen" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57365", "496269" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66658", "name": "Camposaurus", "displayName": "Camposaurus", "attribution": "Hunt et al. 1998", "rawAttribution": "Hunt et al. 1998", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66658", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Coelophysoidea", "Coelophysidae", "Coelophysinae", "Camposaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "55476", "55478", "56396", "66658" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66658", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Camposaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66658" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66658", "genus": "Camposaurus", "occurrenceId": "406872", "collectionId": "39160", "identifiedName": "Camposaurus arizonensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camposaurus arizonensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13905", "collectionReferenceId": "32081", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Apache", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Mesa Redondo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Placerias Quarry, UCMP A269", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "One of two nearly adjacent quarries (the second is the Downs Quarry, 30 metres from the Placerias Quarry). Early workers placed the Placerias Quarry low in the Blue Mesa Member, while Lucas et al. (1997) assigned it to the Mesa Redondo (= Bluewater Creek) Member. Parker (2005) noted that the lithology of the beds and the local presence of the Shinarump Member (the basal member of the Chinle Formation) supports the Mesa Redondo assignment. Earliest Adamanian LVF\r\n\r\nKent et al. 2019: Mesa Redondo Fm. falls between magnetozone 10n and PF8r, approximately 209.5Ma. 224.54–222.24Ma.", "geogcomments": "grassy valley near Romero Spring, approx. 10.5 km SW of St. Johns, eastern Apache County. In SW 1/4, NW 1/2, sec 14, T12N, R27E, near W edge of a low terrace along a tributary arroyo of Big Hollow Wash, at UTM 641260E, 3811730N, zone 12." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Coelophysoidea", "Coelophysidae", "Coelophysinae", "Camposaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Coelophysoidea", "clade:Coelophysidae", "clade:Coelophysinae", "genus:66658" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66658", "38520", "372123" ], "candidateIds": [ "66658", "38520", "372123" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38748", "name": "Camptosaurus", "displayName": "Camptosaurus", "attribution": "Marsh 1885", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1885", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38748", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Camptosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "38748" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38748", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Camptosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38748" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220059", "collectionId": "22678", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5760", "collectionReferenceId": "50240", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Spings", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RB Quarry, Warm Springs Ranch", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1553, Bone Bed, BB Quarry, I Quarry, WY-99, WY-100, WY--101, WY-102, RoadBone", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "seven fossiliferous layers", "geogcomments": "name originally given as \"RB\" but should be \"BB\"?; Also listed as the \"RoadBone Quarries: - PL, AD, RB, and TH; probably includes the \"I Quarry\" of Foster (2003)." }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220166", "collectionId": "22711", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15020", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 94, Rainbow Park microsite", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur National Monument, UT-25", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, \"zone 6\"", "geogcomments": "northern part of Dinosaur National Monument" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "382137", "collectionId": "36268", "identifiedName": "? Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62847", "collectionReferenceId": "9734", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Fall River", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Minnekahta tracksite", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "found high in formation, 2.5 m below top, but age is unclear. Originally the \"Atlantosaurus Beds\".", "geogcomments": "about 1 mile west of Minnekahta, SD (coordinates for town of Minnekahta). just W of where highway 18 cuts through E-W higback a few miles N of Edgemont. SW border of Black Hills." }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408061", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Camptonotus dispar n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus dispar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7814", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408062", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus nanus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus dispar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9097", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408063", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus medius n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus dispar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9097", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408064", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus browni n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus dispar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13449", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408075", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408076", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "? Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408091", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus medius", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus dispar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408779", "collectionId": "12816", "identifiedName": "Camptonotus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10624", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 9, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Mammal Quarry, WY-15", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle upper part of the Morrison series; Unit B", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of sec. 12, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "467534", "collectionId": "46460", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "58804", "collectionReferenceId": "63395", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-62, Red Gulch Quarry, Question Mark Quarry, Keyhole Canyon", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "On the Barker Howe ranch; coordinates for nearby Shell, WY. ca. 25 mi. E of Greybull, also called the \"Red Gulch Quarry\" and supposedly \"in the vicinity of Keyhole Canyon,\" as well as \"Question Mark Quarry.\"" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "477076", "collectionId": "47196", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12622", "collectionReferenceId": "12622", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Willow Springs Quarry", "collection_aka": "BYU ESM-163R", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near base of Upper = Brushy Basin Member", "geogcomments": "approx. 5 miles E of Willow Springs, Emery Co., UT" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481763", "collectionId": "48130", "identifiedName": "Symphyrophus musculosus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus dispar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry IV, Cope's Nipple", "collection_aka": "Saurian Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, CO. Along cliff S of Saurian Hill" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490816", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13255", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491216", "collectionId": "49338", "identifiedName": "? Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14256", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 1, Kenton (OMNH V92)", "collection_aka": "OK-1, WPA, OMNH Quarry 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12.04 m below top of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co. On Hwy 64, about 100 yds E of bridge crossing Carrizo Creek, 10 mi E of NM-OK line" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491222", "collectionId": "49596", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85444", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 5, Kenton (OMNH V94)", "collection_aka": "OK-2, WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "39 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "0.8 km northeast of Quarry 6 along the SE margin of Black Mesa; E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491227", "collectionId": "49597", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 6, Kenton (OMNH V95)", "collection_aka": "OK-3, WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in beds equivalent to Brushy Basin Mbr.; upper middle part of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "13.7 km NW of Quarry 1, E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491229", "collectionId": "49598", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85444", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 8, Kenton (OMNH V97)", "collection_aka": "OK-4, WPA, gator pit", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "34 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "the \"gator pit\" E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491255", "collectionId": "49577", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "12200", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry West (BCQ West)", "collection_aka": "WY-79, Bone Cabin Quarry Extension, Bone Cabin Quarry-E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"equivalent to Upper Salt Wash Member\" and in \"Lower Dinosaur Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491427", "collectionId": "49622", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jones Hole Quarry", "collection_aka": "CO-59, Dry Mesa Quarry 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "514348", "collectionId": "52110", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13981", "collectionReferenceId": "14610", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 315, Douglas Draw Quarry", "collection_aka": "UT-19, Dinosaur National Monument", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "10 m above the Quarry sandstone interval and 26 m below the top of the Brushy Basin Member within an interval that consists of mudstone with numerous thin bentonite beds.", "geogcomments": "Approx. 1 km WNW of Carnegie Quarry building in the Utah portion of Dinosaur National Monument; Dinosaur Quarry West section, NE 1/4, NE 1/4, SE 1/4, sec. 27, T4S, R23E; in Douglas Draw" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519393", "collectionId": "49338", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus dispar", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus dispar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61518", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 1, Kenton (OMNH V92)", "collection_aka": "OK-1, WPA, OMNH Quarry 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12.04 m below top of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co. On Hwy 64, about 100 yds E of bridge crossing Carrizo Creek, 10 mi E of NM-OK line" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "528342", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus aphanoecetes n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus aphanoecetes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30595", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "536375", "collectionId": "55484", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14966", "collectionReferenceId": "14966", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Graff Ranch", "collection_aka": "Camptosaur A", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Graff Ranch, about 13 km NNW of Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541191", "collectionId": "56590", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15239", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rabbit Valley Iguanodon", "collection_aka": "RVRNA-13, CO-23", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "E part of amphitheater at head of McDonald Creek, just N of I-70 in Rabbit Valley; part of Rabbit Valley Research Natural Area" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541900", "collectionId": "39344", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 5, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "E 1/2 of NE 1/4 of sec. 17, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "558008", "collectionId": "57913", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15567", "collectionReferenceId": "15567", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 96, Rainbow Park microsite", "collection_aka": "UT-26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Located in Rainbow Park where the Green River enters Split Mountain Gorge" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560977", "collectionId": "58510", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry (MSM)", "collection_aka": "WY-71", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo; on the sheep ranch of John Arno, NW 1/4, Sec. 36, T48N, R83W, Johnson County, Wyoming, Robinson Canyon Quadrangle 7.5 series" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560986", "collectionId": "58516", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63754", "collectionReferenceId": "53254", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mill Canyon Quarry (BYU)", "collection_aka": "Mill Canyon Dinosaur Trail", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NW of Moab; near I-70 milepost 141. T24S, R20E (no section given), in the Salt Valley, ca. 9 km NE of the axis of the Salt Valley Anticline. From a 9-m-high ridge on the W side of Mill Canyon Wash. Also includes nearby Mill Canyon Dinosaur Trail." }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "584133", "collectionId": "46468", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17718", "collectionReferenceId": "14707", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Big Al Quarry (MOR M-106)", "collection_aka": "WY-61, BAQ", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle of formation", "geogcomments": "coordinates for nearby Shell, WY; site is 300 m NE of Howe Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "639372", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus nanus", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus dispar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13449", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1033195", "collectionId": "126540", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41030", "collectionReferenceId": "41030", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dana Quarry", "collection_aka": "DQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 6-9 m above contact w/underlying Sundance Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dana Quarry, near Ten Sleep; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 6, T48N, R89W (title incorrectly states Big Horn Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1237633", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus cf. browni", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus dispar", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "58571", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1347073", "collectionId": "182492", "identifiedName": "? Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "60696", "collectionReferenceId": "76452", "cc": "DE", "state": "Nordrhein-Westfalen", "county": "", "formation": "Süntel", "member": "Unterbank", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bruns Quarry paleosol, Nettelstedt", "collection_aka": "Wiehengebirge", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bruns Quarry, Nettelstedt, in the Wiehengebirge (E of Osnabrueck)" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1561470", "collectionId": "220417", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76998", "collectionReferenceId": "76998", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aaron Scott Quarry [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. Em466V", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "Aaron Scott Quarry, on W flank of San Rafael Swell, SE of Ferron" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1581466", "collectionId": "57894", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78581", "collectionReferenceId": "78581", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freezeout Hills Quarry 6 (FMNH)", "collection_aka": "Carnegie Quarry M, University of Kansas Loc. 17", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.)" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1601082", "collectionId": "226362", "identifiedName": "aff. Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82057", "collectionReferenceId": "82057", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valencia", "county": "", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fuentecillas", "collection_aka": "Alpuente", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near base of formation", "geogcomments": "Fuentecillas locality, in municipality of Alpuente, R bank of Hondo ravine, 400 m NNE of village of Corcolilla, on a small slope in margin between two crop fields" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1606919", "collectionId": "227262", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82719", "collectionReferenceId": "82720", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nickopod Quarry (VMNH)", "collection_aka": "Coyote Basin", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's \"Unit I\"", "geogcomments": "\"Nickopod\" quarry, Coyote Basin" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1629413", "collectionId": "230774", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85752", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nasa Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 9a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 4" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633470", "collectionId": "231553", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "EP Thompson Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 19a; E. P. Thompson's Quarry; WY-47", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec.4" }, { "genusId": "38748", "genus": "Camptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1685866", "collectionId": "238777", "identifiedName": "? Camptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Camptosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90821", "collectionReferenceId": "90821", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Fergus", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "JRDI Quarry 5, Spindletop Dome", "collection_aka": "Judith River Dinosaur Institute", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "36 m above Swift Formation", "geogcomments": "on flanks of Spindletop Dome, near Grass Range" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Camptosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "genus:38748" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38748", "38749" ], "candidateIds": [ "38748", "38749" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "274520", "name": "Canardia", "displayName": "Canardia", "attribution": "Prieto-Marquez et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Prieto-Marquez et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=274520", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Arenysaurini", "Canardia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53394", "428181", "274520" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=274520", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Canardia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=274520" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "274520", "genus": "Canardia", "occurrenceId": "893422", "collectionId": "98904", "identifiedName": "Canardia garonnensis", "acceptedName": "Canardia garonnensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47749", "collectionReferenceId": "34066", "cc": "FR", "state": "Haute-Garonne", "county": "", "formation": "Marno-calcaires jaunes de Gensac", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Larcan Quarry (Gensac)", "collection_aka": "Lacarn", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "1 m below iridium layer, D1 discontinuity w/0.6 ng/g Ir; level is a distal equivalent to the uppermost Marnes d'Auzas", "geogcomments": "Larcan outcrop, westernmost part of Latur-Sepx subpyrenean syncline, right bank of Save River, S of Saint-Marcet, in the Petites Pyrénées" }, { "genusId": "274520", "genus": "Canardia", "occurrenceId": "1292515", "collectionId": "172587", "identifiedName": "Canardia garonnensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Canardia garonnensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47749", "collectionReferenceId": "56237", "cc": "FR", "state": "Haute-Garonne", "county": "", "formation": "Marnes d'Auzas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tricouté 3", "collection_aka": "MA 3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "bottom of formation; a few meters above Tricouté 2", "geogcomments": "near Tricouté, Petites-Pyrénées; 1.5 km SW of Marignac-Laspeyres, Aurignac anticline" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Arenysaurini", "Canardia" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Lambeosaurinae", "clade:Arenysaurini", "genus:274520" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "candidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38576", "name": "Carcharodontosaurus", "displayName": "Carcharodontosaurus", "attribution": "(Stromer 1931)", "rawAttribution": "(Stromer 1931)", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38576", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Carcharodontosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "64112", "65363", "38576" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38576", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Carcharodontosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38576" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "260021", "collectionId": "25137", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7056", "collectionReferenceId": "7056", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Illizi", "county": "", "formation": "Continental Intercalaire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south of Alrar", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 3b", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "encompasses an unspecified area south of Alrar, between Ohanet and Bourarhet" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "260025", "collectionId": "25139", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7056", "collectionReferenceId": "45825", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Adrar", "county": "", "formation": "Continental Intercalaire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Foggara Ben Draou, Aoulef Cheurfa", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 4a, El Goléa, Buffalo Bordj, Tidikelt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Aoulef Cherfa, foggara Ben Draou, in the Tidikelt" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "260589", "collectionId": "25192", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7056", "collectionReferenceId": "45858", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Illizi", "county": "", "formation": "Continental Intercalaire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Djoua Valley, 120 km east of Fort Flatters", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 10", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the Djoua Valley, 120 km East of Fort Flatters, Algeria" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "260595", "collectionId": "25194", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7056", "collectionReferenceId": "7056", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "Tchirozerine", "formation": "Elrhaz", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "El Rhaz", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 12a, Elrhaz", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "described as the \"Tegama sandstones\"", "geogcomments": "150 km ESE of Agadez, 25 km E of longitude 9 degrees east, at El Rhaz" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "260596", "collectionId": "25195", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7056", "collectionReferenceId": "7056", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "Tchirozerine", "formation": "Elrhaz", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "110 km southeast of Egaro", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 12d, El Rhaz", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"Tegama sandstones\"", "geogcomments": "110 km SE of El Rhaz, just SW of Egaro" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "260598", "collectionId": "25197", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7056", "collectionReferenceId": "7056", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "Tchirozerine", "formation": "Elrhaz", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "34 km southwest of El Rhaz", "collection_aka": "Elrhaz", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Tegama sandstones\"", "geogcomments": "described as 34 km SW of El Rhaz, Niger" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "260601", "collectionId": "25200", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30615", "collectionReferenceId": "30615", "cc": "TN", "state": "Tataouine", "county": "", "formation": "Aïn el Guettar", "member": "Oum ed Diab", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Djebel el Haddada, Guermessa", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 14b, Jebel Haddada", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "Beds are not easily dated but studies in the last few years agree that beds exposed in Tunisia are likely Barremian–Albian. See Fanti et al. 2012; Hamed et al. 2014; Fanti et al. 2016; Holwerda 2020. Based on Fant et al., this is most likely from the Oum de Diab Member of the Aïn el Guettar Fm.", "geogcomments": "south of Guermessa, along some \"dismantled gour\" at Djebel et Haddada (200,000 scale map of Tunisia, Foum Tataouine/Tatahouine sheet)" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "260834", "collectionId": "25221", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45826", "collectionReferenceId": "45826", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "Echkar", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "In Abangarit-Tamesna", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 18; West of In Abangharit", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"upper part of the Continental Intercalaire, a little below the Cenomanian-Turonian\" limestone", "geogcomments": "area W of In Abangarit (= Iguidi), in the S part of the Tamesna region" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "260901", "collectionId": "25226", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7056", "collectionReferenceId": "45920", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Irhazer", "collection_name": "Oued Timmersöi, west of In Tedreft", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 22a, Ti-m-Meghsoi", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group", "stratcomments": "\"lower part of the 'Continental Intercalaire'\"", "geogcomments": "15 km W of Tedreft well, on the eastern side of the Oued (Wadi) Timmersöi (= Ti-m-Meghsoi)" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "262347", "collectionId": "25355", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7056", "collectionReferenceId": "7056", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "Tagrezou Sandstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Téfidet", "collection_name": "Oued Baouet, Téfidet", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 25a, Fossé du Téfidet", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"Continental Intercalaire\"", "geogcomments": "on the eastern border of the Aïr, some 200 km northeast of Agadès and immediately south of the Takolokouzet massif, in the “Tefidet ditch”" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475139", "collectionId": "47136", "identifiedName": "cf. Carcharodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12577", "collectionReferenceId": "82731", "cc": "EG", "state": "Al Jizah", "county": "", "formation": "Baharîje", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "BDP 2000-18", "collection_aka": "Gebel El Fagga", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also known as Bahariya Formation", "geogcomments": "near Gebel El Fagga, Bahariya Oasis" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487255", "collectionId": "13274", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9649", "collectionReferenceId": "9649", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Hamada du Guir", "collection_aka": "Hammada du Guir", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "No formation name is given. \"specimen..collected from the basement of the Hamada du Guir...mapped as...Infra-Cenomanian because it is overlain by Cenomano-Turonian marine limestones.\" Name given as \"Tegama/Tegana\" in error.", "geogcomments": "Hamada du Guir, near Taouz, southern Morocco\r\nLatitude and Longitude are approximately that of Taouz" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "510831", "collectionId": "25127", "identifiedName": "? Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13775", "collectionReferenceId": "7054", "cc": "EG", "state": "Matruh", "county": "", "formation": "Baharîje", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gebel el Dist (7p)", "collection_aka": "Spinosaurus type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "p (or \"7p\") is the lowest layer at the site\r\n\r\nalso known as Bahariya Formation", "geogcomments": "3 km north of Gebel el Dist, in the plain at the base of the Baharîje Valley, Baharîje Oasis, near Marsa Matruh, Egypt" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519803", "collectionId": "52887", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13037", "collectionReferenceId": "13037", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Tafilalt region (NMC/CMN)", "collection_aka": "Tafilalet", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Ifezoune or Auofous formation\r\nSee revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "area of Tafilalt, N and S of Taouz, includes several marked fossil sites but none are specified in text, nor are any tied to specific occurrences." }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "561841", "collectionId": "58577", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus iguidensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus iguidensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26149", "collectionReferenceId": "16632", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "Echkar", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "Iguidi", "collection_aka": "In Abangarit", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "W of In Abangarit oasis, Iguidi region\r\nexact coordinate given by Sereno and Larsson 2009" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "566783", "collectionId": "59341", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68574", "collectionReferenceId": "16999", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Adrar", "county": "", "formation": "Continental Intercalaire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "El Aboid Sidi Cheik, Oued Boudjihane", "collection_aka": "Mont des Ksours", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. suggested to be Albian; reassigned to Cenomanian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "between Bou-Sembhoun and El Abiod Sidi Cheikh, in the Oued Boudjihane valley, 18 km E of the Noukhila headwaters, near the road from Kheneg Tafarahit. Mont des Ksours region.\r\nLambert South-Algeria coordinates: x = 261.2 to 261.7, y = 245.0 to 245.5" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "567490", "collectionId": "59578", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85289", "collectionReferenceId": "17062", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Adrar", "county": "", "formation": "Gara Samani", "member": "Samani Vertebrate-Rich Sand", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Gara Samani", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "fossils are from several beds, below the Cenomanian Tademaït Sandstone (\"infra-Cenomanian\"), formerly the \"Continental Intercalaire\"", "geogcomments": "at base of Gara Samani, on the NW border of Tademaït, halfway between Timimoun and El Goléa, in the Algerian Sahara" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "568470", "collectionId": "59689", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus africanus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24593", "collectionReferenceId": "15703", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Adrar", "county": "", "formation": "Continental Intercalaire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "2 km from Timimoun", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from a well sunk into the large foggara (aquifer) beneath the Timimoun post (Fogharet Amghir), 2 km from Timimoun, 36 m below ground" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "568474", "collectionId": "59690", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus africanus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24593", "collectionReferenceId": "15703", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Adrar", "county": "", "formation": "Continental Intercalaire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "5 km from Timimoun", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from a well sunk into the large foggara (aquifer) beneath the Timimoun post (Fogharet Amghir), 5 km from Timimoun, 40 m below ground; this is described as the \"terminal\" well" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "624186", "collectionId": "67203", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19183", "collectionReferenceId": "19183", "cc": "TN", "state": "Médenine", "county": "", "formation": "Aïn el Guettar", "member": "Oum ed Diab", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bir Miteur, RH 45", "collection_aka": "Gebel Miteur, Jebel Miteur, Bi'r Miteur, Foum Tatahouine", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Radouane Member of Chenini Fm.; orig. assigned to the Chenini Member, but referred to the lower Oum ed Diab Mbr. in Fanti et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "4 km NW of B'ir Miteur (= Bir Miteur, Gebel Miteur, Jebel Miteur), 28 km NW of Foum Tatahouine" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "884860", "collectionId": "54083", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33924", "collectionReferenceId": "14609", "cc": "EG", "state": "Al Wadi al Jadid", "county": "", "formation": "Quseir", "member": "Mut", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bee's Friday Site, Dakhleh Oasis", "collection_aka": "Dakhla", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"a few metres below the Duwi Formation\"", "geogcomments": "Dakhleh oasis, Al Wadi al Jadid, 200 km NW of Kharga" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1080706", "collectionId": "135639", "identifiedName": "Sauroniops pachytholus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43380", "collectionReferenceId": "48103", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Ifezouane", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "southeast of Taouz (Ifezouane Fm.)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Taphonomic comparison with other macrovertebrate fossils from the Errachidia Province studied by the authors (e.g., Novas et al., 2005a; Cau and Maganuco, 2009) and the lithology of the matrix that encrusted the specimen prior to preparation support the referral of the latter to the Ifezouane Formation (Russell, 1996; Sereno et al., 1996; Cavin et al., 2010).", "geogcomments": "region SE of Taouz (30°53' N, 3°58' W), Errachidia Province, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco." }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1243975", "collectionId": "56365", "identifiedName": "cf. Carcharodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53517", "collectionReferenceId": "76419", "cc": "BR", "state": "Maranhão", "county": "", "formation": "Alcântara", "member": "", "geological_group": "Itapecuru", "collection_name": "Laje do Coringa, Ilha do Cajual", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "São Luís-Grajaú Basin; some reworking possible; Albian-Cenomanian age is based upon palynology", "geogcomments": "\"Laje do Coringa\", on Ilha do Cajual, in Baia de São Marcos, municipality of Alcântara; easternmost beach on island. UTM 2070559882 / 9726080" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1243977", "collectionId": "163916", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53517", "collectionReferenceId": "53517", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Ifezouane", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Bou Laalou", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bou Laalou" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1243978", "collectionId": "163916", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65489", "collectionReferenceId": "53517", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Ifezouane", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Bou Laalou", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bou Laalou" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1243984", "collectionId": "163917", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53517", "collectionReferenceId": "53517", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Ifezouane", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Khetitila Srhira", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Khetitila Srhira" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1243994", "collectionId": "155212", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53517", "collectionReferenceId": "53517", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Ifezouane", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Chaaft (levels 1–3)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "levels 1-3", "geogcomments": "Chaaft, ca. 50 km E of Amadel N'Ghioul" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1243995", "collectionId": "155212", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65489", "collectionReferenceId": "53517", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Ifezouane", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Chaaft (levels 1–3)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "levels 1-3", "geogcomments": "Chaaft, ca. 50 km E of Amadel N'Ghioul" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1244002", "collectionId": "144705", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53517", "collectionReferenceId": "53517", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Ifezouane", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Takemout", "collection_aka": "Taqmout; Takmout", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Takemout" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1254307", "collectionId": "166013", "identifiedName": "cf. Carcharodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54265", "collectionReferenceId": "54265", "cc": "TN", "state": "Medinine", "county": "", "formation": "Continental Intercalaire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ksar Krerachfa", "collection_aka": "Ksar Kerachfa", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Beds are not easily dated but studies in the last few years agree that beds exposed in Tunisia are likely Barremian–Albian. See Fanti et al. 2012; Hamed et al. 2014; Fanti et al. 2016; Holwerda 2020", "geogcomments": "vicinity of Ksar Krerachfa (Kerachfa), ca. 25 KM SSW of Medinine, near canyon of Oued Smar" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1480976", "collectionId": "206286", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82692", "collectionReferenceId": "70818", "cc": "DZ", "state": "El Bayadh", "county": "", "formation": "Continental Intercalaire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Garet el Baâj", "collection_aka": "Garet el Baadj, Garet el Baaj", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "La Garet el Baâj (= Garet el Baadj), El Abioud Sidi Cheik map sheet. Lambert coordinates: x = 248,80, y = 235,60" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1480980", "collectionId": "206287", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82692", "collectionReferenceId": "70818", "cc": "DZ", "state": "El Bayadh", "county": "", "formation": "Continental Intercalaire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Garet et Taleb", "collection_aka": "Chellala Dahrani", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "La Garet et Taleb, Chellala Dahrani map sheet. Lambert coordinates: x = 283,10, y = 283,60" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1480981", "collectionId": "206288", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82692", "collectionReferenceId": "70818", "cc": "DZ", "state": "El Bayadh", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Brezina", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Brezina. Lambert coordinates : x = 365,10, y = 279,30." }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1480985", "collectionId": "187588", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82692", "collectionReferenceId": "62975", "cc": "DZ", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "El Kohol", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "late Albian; locality not described so unsure where this lies in relation to the Eocene sediments", "geogcomments": "Presumably the same \"El Kohol locality\" that is \"near Brezina [basis of coordinate] in southwestern Algeria\" as the Eocene locality (col. no. 71984)" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1605167", "collectionId": "227024", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7098", "collectionReferenceId": "7098", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Douira", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Er Remlia, Gara es Sbaa [Douira Fm.]", "collection_aka": "Gara Sba, Gara Sbâa", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Kem Kem beds have distinct upper and lower units in this region, with fossils found in both parts. The formation lies conformably below the Cenomanian-Turonian limestone. The \"fossiliferous zone\" ocuupies about 90 meters of section overlapping both members.\r\nFrom the lower third of the Douira Fm.", "geogcomments": "sandstone bluff near Gara es Sbaa, about 50 km NE of Hassi Zguilma and 60 km SW of Ouzina and Taouz, Kem Kem region, Morocco; E of oasis of Er Remlia" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1605628", "collectionId": "227053", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82474", "collectionReferenceId": "82474", "cc": "TN", "state": "Tataouine", "county": "", "formation": "Douiret", "member": "Douiret Sand", "geological_group": "Merbah el Asfer", "collection_name": "El Gazel", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "El Gazel locality, along Jeffara escarpment" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1605914", "collectionId": "25362", "identifiedName": "cf. Carcharodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82497", "collectionReferenceId": "7056", "cc": "TN", "state": "Tataouine", "county": "", "formation": "Douiret", "member": "", "geological_group": "Merbah el Asfer", "collection_name": "Jebel Segdel", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 23b, Remada", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "uppermost part of \"Continental Intercalaire\", just below the Cenomanian-Turonian limestone platform", "geogcomments": "at Segdel (Jebel Segdel), 10 km S of Remada, Tunisia" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1605917", "collectionId": "116296", "identifiedName": "cf. Carcharodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82497", "collectionReferenceId": "82497", "cc": "TN", "state": "Tataouine", "county": "", "formation": "Douiret", "member": "", "geological_group": "Merbah el Asfer", "collection_name": "north side, Jebel Boulouha", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Fanti et al. (2016) argue that the Douiret Formation is Hauterivian-Barremian in age", "geogcomments": "Jebel Boulouha, north side" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1605925", "collectionId": "116297", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus cf. saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82497", "collectionReferenceId": "53516", "cc": "TN", "state": "Tataouine", "county": "", "formation": "Aïn el Guettar", "member": "Oum ed Diab", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Oued el Khil", "collection_aka": "Oued Khil", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "could pertain to Chenin Mbr (lower Albian), but most of this site has been reassigned to the Oum ed Diab Member.", "geogcomments": "Oued el Khil" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1605953", "collectionId": "125935", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus cf. saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82497", "collectionReferenceId": "53516", "cc": "TN", "state": "Tataouine", "county": "", "formation": "Aïn el Guettar", "member": "Oum ed Diab", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "El Hmaima 1", "collection_aka": "Bateun el Hmaima", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. assigned to the Chenini Member, but referred to the lower Oum ed Diab Mbr. in Fanti et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "Bateun el Hmaima" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1606782", "collectionId": "227231", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82692", "collectionReferenceId": "82692", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Illizi", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Oued Ameregh", "collection_aka": "Oued Ameragh", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Oued Ameregh (Ameragh), area S of Cretaceous cliffs near In Akhamil and N of In Amenas" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1617432", "collectionId": "228906", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83707", "collectionReferenceId": "83707", "cc": "NE", "state": "Zinder", "county": "", "formation": "Echkar", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "Egaro North", "collection_aka": "Égaro", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality north of Egaro, Chad Basin" }, { "genusId": "38576", "genus": "Carcharodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1639237", "collectionId": "79658", "identifiedName": "Carcharodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Carcharodontosaurus", 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=89494", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Cathartesaura", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=89494" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "89494", "genus": "Cathartesaura", "occurrenceId": "624643", "collectionId": "67296", "identifiedName": "Cathartesaura anaerobica n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Cathartesaura anaerobica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19213", "collectionReferenceId": "33360", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Huincul", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "La Buitrera (upper)", "collection_aka": "Cathartesaura type site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower member of formation", "geogcomments": "In northwestern Patagonia about 80 km southwest of Cipolletti close to the south shore of Lake Ezequiel Ramos-Mexía." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Rebbachisauridae", "Khebbashia", "Limaysaurinae", "Cathartesaura" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Rebbachisauridae", "clade:Khebbashia", "clade:Limaysaurinae", "genus:89494" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "89494", "63871" ], "candidateIds": [ "89494", "63871" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66065", "name": "Caudipteryx", "displayName": "Caudipteryx", "attribution": "Ji et al. 1998", "rawAttribution": "Ji et al. 1998", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66065", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caudipteryx" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "66065" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Plant-compatible feeding specialisations; diet proportions not securely measured", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66065", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Caudipteryx", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66065" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66065", "genus": "Caudipteryx", "occurrenceId": "130295", "collectionId": "10764", "identifiedName": "Caudipteryx zoui n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Caudipteryx zoui", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19421", "collectionReferenceId": "19421", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Sihetun, Yixian Member 3 (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "authors use \"Jiulongsong Member\" of \"Chaomidianzi Formation\", but this is lower part of Yixian", "geogcomments": "Sihetun area near Beipiao city" }, { "genusId": "66065", "genus": "Caudipteryx", "occurrenceId": "537314", "collectionId": "55682", "identifiedName": "Caudipteryx dongi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Caudipteryx dongi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15009", "collectionReferenceId": "15009", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Zhangjiagou, Sihetun (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, Jianshangou Bed (for pterosaur at least).\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Approx. 3 km northeast of the famous Sihetun Locality in Beipiao, Liaoning Province of northeast China." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caudipteryx" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "genus:66065" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38615", "66065", "64890", "261035", "66067", "502773" ], "candidateIds": [ "66065", "261035", "66067" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "yixian", "jianshangou" ], "label": "Jianshangou Member · Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "537314", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Caudipteryx", "Protarchaeopteryx" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Ningyuansaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Avimimus", "Incisivosaurus", "Yuanyanglong" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Caudipteryx": [ "130295", "537314" ], "Protarchaeopteryx": [ "130294" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66065", "261035", "66067" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64905", "name": "Cedarosaurus", "displayName": "Cedarosaurus", "attribution": "Tidwell et al. 1999", "rawAttribution": "Tidwell et al. 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64905", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Brachiosauridae", "Cedarosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "38673", "64905" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64905", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Cedarosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64905" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64905", "genus": "Cedarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483343", "collectionId": "48326", "identifiedName": "Cedarosaurus weiskopfae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Cedarosaurus weiskopfae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12918", "collectionReferenceId": "12918", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Cedarosaurus Quarry (DMNH 39045)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Recent work indicates that the upper part of the Yellow Cat Member is Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "S of Cisco and N of Arches NP" }, { "genusId": "64905", "genus": "Cedarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519620", "collectionId": "52855", "identifiedName": "Cedarosaurus weiskopfae", "acceptedName": "Cedarosaurus weiskopfae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42808", "collectionReferenceId": "13937", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Wise", "formation": "Paluxy", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Wise County sauropod (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "20 km S of Decatur, Wise County" }, { "genusId": "64905", "genus": "Cedarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565519", "collectionId": "27025", "identifiedName": "Cedarosaurus weiskopfae", "acceptedName": "Cedarosaurus weiskopfae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17706", "collectionReferenceId": "25577", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Dalton Wells Quarry, BYU Loc. 7510", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. 42Gr001V, Utahraptor State Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "stacked succession of 4 bonebeds below footprint level, and approx. 2 m above base of member in this area\r\n\r\nDetrital zircons from the quarry and adjacent, lateral equivalents provide a maximum depositional age of 125 Ma, indicating the horizon is no older than early Albian (Eberth et al., 2006), but more recent work indicates that the upper part of the Yellow Cat Member is Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "3.22 km N of Arches National Park boundary, 1.2 km E of Dalton Well, S of US 60 in section 22, T24S, R20E, Grand Co., SE Utah. Now part of Utahraptor State Park" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Brachiosauridae", "Cedarosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Brachiosauridae", "genus:64905" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163941", "64905", "68169", "66515" ], "candidateIds": [ "163941", "64905", "68169", "66515" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "81293", "name": "Cedarpelta", "displayName": "Cedarpelta", "attribution": "Carpenter et al. 2001", "rawAttribution": "Carpenter et al. 2001", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81293", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Cedarpelta" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "81293" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81293", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Cedarpelta", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81293" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "81293", "genus": "Cedarpelta", "occurrenceId": "812194", "collectionId": "55334", "identifiedName": "Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum", "acceptedName": "Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29935", "collectionReferenceId": "57899", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Price River II site (Loc. Utah EM372)", "collection_aka": "PR2, PR-2, Price River 2", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Overall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "site in Carbon Co. but est'd coordinates are in Emery Co., located SE of Wellington, UT. 24.5 km SE of Price." }, { "genusId": "81293", "genus": "Cedarpelta", "occurrenceId": "883351", "collectionId": "97950", "identifiedName": "Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum", "acceptedName": "Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32617", "collectionReferenceId": "57899", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "KEM site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"in the upper Ruby Ranch Member\"\r\n\r\nOverall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "site in Carbon Co. but est'd coordinates are in Emery Co., located SE of Wellington, UT. 24.5 km SE of Price. \"CEU Prehistoric Museum's KEM Site...near Price River on the north side of the San Rafael Swell\" (Kirkland and Madsen 2007)" }, { "genusId": "81293", "genus": "Cedarpelta", "occurrenceId": "1576838", "collectionId": "60814", "identifiedName": "Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17502", "collectionReferenceId": "2087", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Price River I site (CEUM 42EM352U)", "collection_aka": "PR1, PR-1, Price River 1, Utah Em271v, CEU 90-2", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "previously reported as Mussentuchit and Poison Strip Sandstone\r\n\r\nOverall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from approximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)\r\n", "geogcomments": "site in Carbon Co. SE of Price, at N end of San Rafael Swell, but est'd coordinates are in Emery Co., located SE of Wellington, UT" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Cedarpelta" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "genus:81293" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "295547", "81277", "81293" ], "candidateIds": [ "295547", "81277", "81293" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "104637", "name": "Cedrorestes", "displayName": "Cedrorestes", "attribution": "Gilpin et al. 2007", "rawAttribution": "Gilpin et al. 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104637", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Cedrorestes" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "104637" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104637", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Cedrorestes", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104637" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "104637", "genus": "Cedrorestes", "occurrenceId": "686851", "collectionId": "73890", "identifiedName": "Cedrorestes crichtoni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Cedrorestes crichtoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24824", "collectionReferenceId": "82657", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Dave's Camp Site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of member\r\n\r\nThe age of the base of the YCM is unknown and estimates range from Berrisian to early Aptian. Britt et al. 2007 suggested a maximum depositional age for the YCM of ~124Ma, but Sames et al. 2010 suggested on the basis of ostracod biostratigraphy the YCM may be as old as Late Berrisian. Hendrix et al. 2015 and Joeckel et al. 2019 supported this with U-Pb dates from detrital zircons, the latter study suggested that the upper YCM is Valanginian. At any rate, the age of the overlying Poison strip member was dated at its base to 119.4Ma, so the YCM is older than this.", "geogcomments": "N of Moab" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Cedrorestes" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:104637" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "104637", "38759", "66499", "475291", "243278", "168389", "64526" ], "candidateIds": [ "104637" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "cedar mountain", "yellow cat" ], "label": "Yellow Cat Member · Cedar Mountain Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "686851", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Cedrorestes" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Claosaurus", "Eolambia", "Gonkoken", "Huehuecanauhtlus", "Jeyawati", "Protohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Cedrorestes": [ "686851" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "104637" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38854", "name": "Centrosaurus", "displayName": "Centrosaurus", "attribution": "Lambe 1905", "rawAttribution": "Lambe 1905", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38854", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Centrosaurinae", "Centrosaurini", "Centrosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "53953", "398131", "38854" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38854", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Centrosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38854" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Wilson et al. (2020), A new transitional centrosaurine from Two Medicine Formation", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7211873/", "access": "Indexed original full-text passages" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139251", "collectionId": "11894", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16964", "collectionReferenceId": "16964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 217", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "150310", "collectionId": "13340", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius cutleri n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5980", "collectionReferenceId": "5980", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "north fork, Sand Creek (50 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Monoclonius cutleri type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "100 m below top of Belly River beds", "geogcomments": "north fork of Sand Creek (near mouth), 12 miles below Steveville, 50 feet above R bank of Red Deer River, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220010", "collectionId": "22657", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14847", "collectionReferenceId": "5721", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 91a, Irishman's Coulee", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1531, Bonebed 91a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; 5.6 m above BB 91", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "221281", "collectionId": "22659", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18556", "collectionReferenceId": "18556", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 143, BB 43", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1534, Centrosaurus Bonebed 43, 0175/1, JR043, L0043", "geogscale": "basin", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_min\r\nlow in formation, 10.5 m above contact w/Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "456920 N, 5622350E (NAD 27 datum) = S5, T21, R11, W of 4 (also listed as 465950mE, 5622350mN). 91.5 m S of Quarry 88" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "501522", "collectionId": "14437", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1487", "collectionReferenceId": "25474", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Careless Creek Quarry (CCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the lower 1/3rd of the local section according to Penkalski and Dodson 1999\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma, ", "geogcomments": "on Careless Creek Ranch (owned by Lammers family), near Shawmut, Wheatland Co., about 150 km NW of Billings and 160 km S of Leidy-Cope localities on Missouri R." }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "501578", "collectionId": "50909", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1487", "collectionReferenceId": "1487", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "S.P.A. Quarry (SPAQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534972", "collectionId": "55352", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14847", "collectionReferenceId": "71202", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 30", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 30, Core, 0173/1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from 6 m above base of formation", "geogcomments": "LSD. 12, Sect. 32, Twp. 20, R. 11; 91.5 m west of Quarry No. 77" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "562859", "collectionId": "58758", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15355", "collectionReferenceId": "51989", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 1, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 94, U.T.1, ROM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "sec 4, T21, R11, W 4th meridian. On the Red Deer River, ca. 1 mi. S of the river and 2 mi. above Happy Jack Ferry, 116 ft. (anaeroid) above the water." }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564424", "collectionId": "58910", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 22, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 100, ROM, U.T.13", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 2, T20N, R11W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564550", "collectionId": "58945", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 33, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 33, ROM, U.T.23", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 21, T21N, R12W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564555", "collectionId": "58950", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "36144", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 42, Dead Lodge Canyon", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 74, Deadlodge Canyon", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 31, T20N, R11W, W 4th meridian; 8 mi. below Steveville, Dead Lodge Canyon" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564557", "collectionId": "58952", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 44, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 95, ROM, U.T.27", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 4, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564567", "collectionId": "58962", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius flexus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17197", "collectionReferenceId": "17197", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 57, Berry Creek", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 4, M. flexus type, A.M.2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "on Red Deer River, about 1 mi below mouth of Berry Creek/Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565097", "collectionId": "59016", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 81, 1 mile east of Denhart Ferry", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 107, NMC, G.S.C.27, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 1, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian; 1 mi. E of Denhart Ferry" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565099", "collectionId": "59018", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62887", "collectionReferenceId": "62887", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 83, Denhart Ferry", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 104, NMC, G.S.C.29, Happy Jack Ferry, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 2, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian; at a high point 500 yds S of Happy Jack Ferry, at Denhart Ferry, ca. 15 mi. below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565106", "collectionId": "59025", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus longirostris n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18595", "collectionReferenceId": "36144", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 91, 1.5 miles south of Sand Creek (102 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 65, G.S.C.33, NMC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "1.5 mi S of mouth of Sand Creek, 102 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565132", "collectionId": "59039", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "36144", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 102, Little Sandhill Creek", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 66, G.S.C.34, NMC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 6, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565157", "collectionId": "59046", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19374", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 109, Little Sandhill Creek", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 42, CM, G.S.C.39", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 35, T20N, R12W, W 4th meridian; on the S side of the W branch of Little Sandhill Creek" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565499", "collectionId": "59109", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 135 (UA)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565500", "collectionId": "59110", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 136 (UA)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565517", "collectionId": "59118", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 148", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613059", "collectionId": "65827", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "18896", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 91, Irishman's Coulee", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1531, Bonebed 91", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; 5.6 m below BB 91a", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613612", "collectionId": "65895", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "18896", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Flats-Fenceline, RTMP BB 168", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 168", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5621230 N, 463550 E" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613645", "collectionId": "65901", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "18896", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "North Side, RTMP BB 178", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 178", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5624290 N, 463350 E" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613646", "collectionId": "65903", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "18896", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "North Side, RTMP BB 162", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 162", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5624620 N, 462780 E" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613656", "collectionId": "65904", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "19382", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 41a, Beasley's", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 41a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5623610 N, 469290 E" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613658", "collectionId": "65906", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "19382", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 41, Beasley's", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 41", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5623290 N, 470000 E" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613660", "collectionId": "65908", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "18896", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 166, Steveville Skull", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 166", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5630720 N, 458010 E; near BB 224" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613683", "collectionId": "65924", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "16964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 152", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 152, Mike Getty's Bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5621380 N, 463400 E" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613684", "collectionId": "65925", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "18896", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 180", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 180", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5622270 N, 471130 E" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613688", "collectionId": "65926", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "18896", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 188", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 188, Wendy Sloboda's Bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5623390 N, 465420 E" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613689", "collectionId": "65927", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "16964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 165, Iddesleigh", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 165", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5622280 N, 471490 E" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613690", "collectionId": "65928", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "18896", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 128", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 128", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5622750 N, 465480 E; NW of RTMP BB 43" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613691", "collectionId": "65929", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26153", "collectionReferenceId": "18896", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 156", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 156, Cutler Bonebed, False Cutler Styracosaur Bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "20 m above Dinosaur Park/Oldman contact", "geogcomments": "UTM 5627150 N, 459450 E" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613692", "collectionId": "65931", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "18896", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 61", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 61", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5622530 N, 466580 E; E of BB 43 and higher" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "613693", "collectionId": "65932", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "18896", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 61a", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 61a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 5622580 N, 466750 E; E of BB 43 and higher" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "629979", "collectionId": "67893", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 78", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 78, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5624670 N, 467730 E" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "692610", "collectionId": "74657", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13668", "collectionReferenceId": "25127", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Berry Creek south, GSC (NMC)", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Belly River\" series", "geogcomments": "on the W side of the Red Deer River, a short distance below the mouth of Berry Creek (between it and Dead Lodge Canyon)" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "703167", "collectionId": "75476", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16964", "collectionReferenceId": "25474", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 181, DPP", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally listed as Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "LSD 5, sec 5, T21, R11, W 4th meridian; Dinosaur Provincial Park. UTM: 464438.64, 5,622,416.240" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1237859", "collectionId": "64336", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18556", "collectionReferenceId": "18556", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sandy Point ceratopsian (1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sandy Point, South Saskatchewan River, SW of Empress, Alberta. Sec 27, T20N, R1W, 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1237860", "collectionId": "163047", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18556", "collectionReferenceId": "18556", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sandy Point ceratopsian (2)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sandy Point, South Saskatchewan River, SW of Empress, Alberta. Sec 33, T20N, R1W, 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1373099", "collectionId": "74657", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius dawsoni n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25127", "collectionReferenceId": "25127", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Berry Creek south, GSC (NMC)", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Belly River\" series", "geogcomments": "on the W side of the Red Deer River, a short distance below the mouth of Berry Creek (between it and Dead Lodge Canyon)" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1383402", "collectionId": "189580", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63749", "collectionReferenceId": "63749", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Rio Blanco", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Mesaverde", "collection_name": "Barnard Quarry, Rangely", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near base of Mesaverde Group, 100 ft. above Sego Mbr. of Price River Fm.", "geogcomments": "Barnard Quarry, near Barnard home on East Douglas Creek, 17 mi. SE of Rangely" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1390622", "collectionId": "191270", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius flexus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sand Creek, 2 miles below mouth (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Little Sandhill Creek, right bank", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "2 miles below mouth of Sand Creek/Little Sandhill Creek, R bank, 150 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1391270", "collectionId": "64427", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Red Deer River [ROM]", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec. 9, T21, R11, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1391271", "collectionId": "59025", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "36144", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 91, 1.5 miles south of Sand Creek (102 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 65, G.S.C.33, NMC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "1.5 mi S of mouth of Sand Creek, 102 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1391274", "collectionId": "53892", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "2.5 miles below Denhart Ferry", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "2.5 miles below Denhart Ferry, Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1571238", "collectionId": "221937", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77894", "collectionReferenceId": "77894", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "McFeeters Bonebed (MBB)", "collection_aka": "RTMP BB 302", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "\"upper unit\" of formation; Canal Creek Tuff is 4 m above bonebed (77.09 ± 0.2 Ma by 40Ar/39Ar dating)", "geogcomments": "McFeeters Bonebed, ca. 25 km S of Manyberries, on Pinhorn Grazing Reserve, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056459", "collectionId": "277731", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94161", "collectionReferenceId": "94161", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "Cypress County", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Langston's Ceratopsian bonebed (RTMP BB H97-02)", "collection_aka": "Hilda mega-bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower half of formation, 20-25 m above contact with Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "along E bank of South Saskatchewan River, W of Hilda, 8-18-3W4" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056460", "collectionId": "277732", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94161", "collectionReferenceId": "94161", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "Cypress County", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Southeast of Langston bonebed (RTMP BB H97-17)", "collection_aka": "Hilda mega-bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower half of formation, 20-25 m above contact with Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "along E bank of South Saskatchewan River, W of Hilda, 8-18-3W4" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056461", "collectionId": "277733", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94161", "collectionReferenceId": "94161", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "Cypress County", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "centrosaur skull and bonebed (RTMP BB H97-3)", "collection_aka": "Hilda mega-bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower half of formation, 20-25 m above contact with Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "along E bank of South Saskatchewan River, W of Hilda, 8-18-3W4" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056462", "collectionId": "277734", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94161", "collectionReferenceId": "94161", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "Cypress County", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Ceratopsian Tail Bonebed (RTMP BB H97-19)", "collection_aka": "Hilda mega-bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower half of formation, 20-25 m above contact with Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "along E bank of South Saskatchewan River, W of Hilda, 8-18-3W4" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056463", "collectionId": "277735", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94161", "collectionReferenceId": "94161", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "Cypress County", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Centrosaurus Bonebed (RTMP BB H97-04)", "collection_aka": "Hilda mega-bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower half of formation, 20-25 m above contact with Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "along E bank of South Saskatchewan River, W of Hilda, 8-18-3W4" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056470", "collectionId": "277736", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94161", "collectionReferenceId": "94161", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "Cypress County", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Nasal Horncore Bonebed (RTMP BB H97-05)", "collection_aka": "Hilda mega-bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower half of formation, 20-25 m above contact with Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "along E bank of South Saskatchewan River, W of Hilda, 8-18-3W4" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056479", "collectionId": "277745", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94160", "collectionReferenceId": "94160", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "Special Area No. 2", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 204, Steveville", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, ca. 10 m above contact with Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "Steveville badlands, Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056480", "collectionId": "277746", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus apertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94160", "collectionReferenceId": "94160", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "County of Newell", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "3 miles southwest of mouth, Sand Creek (NMC)", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "3 miles SW of mouth of Sand Creek, in present-day Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2076002", "collectionId": "280755", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus", "acceptedName": "Centrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "96032", "collectionReferenceId": "96032", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "White Rock Coulee (UA)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "White Rock Coulee, near Medicine Hat, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "cc": "CA", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-17", "formation": "Oldman" }, { "genusId": "38854", "genus": "Centrosaurus", "cc": "CA", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-18", "formation": "Dinosaur Park" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Centrosaurinae", "Centrosaurini", "Centrosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Centrosaurinae", "clade:Centrosaurini", "genus:38854" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38854", "249800", "170627", "215069", "38860" ], "candidateIds": [ "38854", "249800", "170627", "215069", "38860" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "110946", "name": "Cerasinops", "displayName": "Cerasinops", "attribution": "Chinnery and Horner 2007", "rawAttribution": "Chinnery and Horner 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=110946", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Leptoceratopsidae", "Cerasinops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "52774", "90273", "110946" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=110946", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Cerasinops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=110946" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "110946", "genus": "Cerasinops", "occurrenceId": "528564", "collectionId": "53999", "identifiedName": "Cerasinops hodgskissi", "acceptedName": "Cerasinops hodgskissi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25743", "collectionReferenceId": "38107", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Pondera", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "south side, Two Medicine River (USNM)", "collection_aka": "1935 Smithsonian Paleontological Expedition; TM-067", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unknown member", "geogcomments": "described as \"south side of Two Medicine River, Teton County\", but this river does not enter Teton Co. Part of Teton Co. was carved off to make Pondera Co. in 1919; I am assuming that Gilmore either mis-wrote or did not know of the change, and estimated a site on the N side of the river in Pondera Co. Both USNM \"Leptoceratops\" sites are described as the same as MOR TM-067 in ref 25743, but come from opposite sides of the river and are retained as separate here." }, { "genusId": "110946", "genus": "Cerasinops", "occurrenceId": "528565", "collectionId": "54000", "identifiedName": "Cerasinops hodgskissi", "acceptedName": "Cerasinops hodgskissi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25743", "collectionReferenceId": "14586", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Pondera", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "north side, Two Medicine River (USNM)", "collection_aka": "1935 Smithsonian Paleontological Expedition; TM-067", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unknown member", "geogcomments": "described as \"north side of Two Medicine River, Teton County\", but this river does not enter Teton Co. Part of Teton Co. was carved off to make Pondera Co. in 1919; I am assuming that Gilmore either mis-wrote or did not know of the change, and estimated a site on the N side of the river in Pondera Co.Both USNM \"Leptoceratops\" sites are described as the same as MOR TM-067 in ref 25743, but come from opposite sides of the river and are retained as separate here." }, { "genusId": "110946", "genus": "Cerasinops", "occurrenceId": "901548", "collectionId": "100851", "identifiedName": "Cerasinops hodgskissi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Cerasinops hodgskissi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25743", "collectionReferenceId": "25743", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Hagans Crossing", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Red Rocks Site, MOR TM-012", "collection_aka": "Cerasinops type locality", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"from the lower Two Medicine Formation (Campanian Stage), between ash beds dated at 76.5 and 80.0 mya\"", "geogcomments": "\"Teton County\" (coordinate based on Choteau)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Leptoceratopsidae", "Cerasinops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Leptoceratopsidae", "genus:110946" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "110946" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "two medicine", "hagans crossing" ], "label": "Hagans Crossing Member · Two Medicine Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "901548", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Cerasinops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ferrisaurus", "Gremlin", "Gryphoceratops", "Leptoceratops", "Montanoceratops", "Prenoceratops", "Unescoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Cerasinops": [ "901548" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "110946" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "523878", "name": "Ceratocaudia", "displayName": "Ceratocaudia", "attribution": "Natarajan et al. 2026", "rawAttribution": "Natarajan et al. 2026", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=523878", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Ceratocaudia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "523878" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=523878", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ceratocaudia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=523878" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "523878", "genus": "Ceratocaudia", "occurrenceId": "2070810", "collectionId": "279954", "identifiedName": "Ceratocaudia antiqua n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratocaudia antiqua", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "95764", "collectionReferenceId": "95764", "cc": "IN", "state": "Gujarat", "county": "Bhachau Taluka", "formation": "Kaladongar", "member": "Mouwana Variegated/Lower Flagstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "North of Amrapar Village", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "Natarajan et al. (2026):\" The Amrapar succession shows characters of both the Mouwana Variegated Member (thick argillaceous silts/marls interbedded with sandstones) and the Lower Flagstone Member (argillaceous silty marls containing brackish water invertebrate fauna, interbedded with thin shelly packstones). It is considered here as a subtle lithostratigraphic transition from the upper Mouwana Variegated Member to the Lower Flagstone Member. As discussed in Fürsich et al. (2023), the age of this section is poorly constrained and may range from somewhere between ?upper Lower Jurassic to Bajocian.\"", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Ceratocaudia" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "genus:523878" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "523878", "171376", "463192" ], "candidateIds": [ "523878", "171376", "463192" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "145604", "name": "Ceratonykus", "displayName": "Ceratonykus", "attribution": "Alifanov and Barsbold 2009", "rawAttribution": "Alifanov and Barsbold 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=145604", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Parvicursorinae", "Ceratonykus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "162354", "64116", "68181", "145604" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. Animal-based feeding is the broad guild; later derived small forms may specialise on insects. Insectivore is a qualified subtype, not proof of exclusively ants or termites. Explicit early-genus profiles override this rule.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] }, { "id": "G3", "title": "Growth and miniaturization among alvarezsauroid dinosaurs", "authors": "Qin et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "citation verified in D6; full paper not read in this task", "dietSupport": "Used only as background for the later miniaturisation/insectivory hypothesis; not sufficient alone to assign a particular genus an exclusive insect diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=145604", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ceratonykus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=145604" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Kubo et al. (2023), A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0293801", "access": "full primary text" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "145604", "genus": "Ceratonykus", "occurrenceId": "809197", "collectionId": "88549", "identifiedName": "Ceratonykus oculatus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratonykus oculatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29706", "collectionReferenceId": "29706", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermin Tsav, Red Beds [RMPE]", "collection_aka": "Khermeen Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW Nemegt Basin" }, { "genusId": "145604", "genus": "Ceratonykus", "cc": "MN", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-1", "formation": "Baruungoyot" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Parvicursorinae", "Ceratonykus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "alvarezsaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Add conventional maniraptoran ancestors; this is chosen game topology, not proof every competing high-level analysis is false.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Alvarezsauria", "clade:Alvarezsauroidea", "clade:Alvarezsauridae", "clade:Parvicursorinae", "genus:145604" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot", "omnogov" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "809197", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ceratonykus", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 5, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ceratonykus": [ "809197" ], "Jaculinykus": [ "1639584" ], "Khulsanurus": [ "1604958" ], "Ondogurvel": [ "1593675" ], "Parvicursor": [ "283992" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38600", "name": "Ceratosaurus", "displayName": "Ceratosaurus", "attribution": "Marsh 1884", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1884", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38600", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Ceratosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "38600" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38600", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Americas", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ceratosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38600" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "403132", "collectionId": "24563", "identifiedName": "cf. Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10386", "collectionReferenceId": "6907", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Guimarota", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two lignite coal layers wth vertebrate fossils. Dated as Oxfordian based on microflora, Kimmeridgian based on ostracods. Recent work (Schudack 1993) favors Kimmeridgian.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408081", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus nasicornis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus nasicornis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "409326", "collectionId": "11611", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus nasicornis", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus nasicornis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78052", "collectionReferenceId": "5767", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mygatt-Moore Quarry, lower mudstone", "collection_aka": "MWC Loc. 1.05.86, MWC Loc. 2, CO-21, main quarry, MMQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "middle part of member\r\n\r\nAsh fall zircons from the site were U-Pb dated to 152.3 +/- 0.2Ma placing the site near the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian boundary (Trujillo et al. 2014)", "geogcomments": "NW part of Rabbit Valley, Mesa Co., Colorado" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475218", "collectionId": "47151", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13300", "collectionReferenceId": "62677", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry St", "collection_aka": "Stegosaur quarry, quarry EH, Kindope, British Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "near Kindope, 3 km NW of Tendaguru" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489361", "collectionId": "49264", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30810", "collectionReferenceId": "13156", "cc": "PT", "state": "Estremadura", "county": "Louriñha", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rodela do Valmitão", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "informal unit names", "geogcomments": "Rodela do Valmitão, Louriñha, W coast of Portugal" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490807", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63749", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491741", "collectionId": "49652", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus magnicornis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus nasicornis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13300", "collectionReferenceId": "63779", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eriksen Ceratosaurus, FPA", "collection_aka": "Fruita, Ceratosaurus Site, LACM #5579, MWC #2.01.86, CO-33", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, above the local \"clay change\"", "geogcomments": "near Fruita, CO" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519834", "collectionId": "49338", "identifiedName": "? Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14256", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 1, Kenton (OMNH V92)", "collection_aka": "OK-1, WPA, OMNH Quarry 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12.04 m below top of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co. On Hwy 64, about 100 yds E of bridge crossing Carrizo Creek, 10 mi E of NM-OK line" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "536344", "collectionId": "49577", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14966", "collectionReferenceId": "12200", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry West (BCQ West)", "collection_aka": "WY-79, Bone Cabin Quarry Extension, Bone Cabin Quarry-E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"equivalent to Upper Salt Wash Member\" and in \"Lower Dinosaur Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "540446", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "602264", "collectionId": "64053", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus nasicornis", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus nasicornis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18469", "collectionReferenceId": "18469", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sand Bench, San Rafael Swell (BYU)", "collection_aka": "UT-8", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, 3.5 m below \"clay change layer\"", "geogcomments": "24 km (15 mi) SE of Moore, 1.6 km (1 mi) N of interstate 70, in the San Rafael Swell desert" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1033194", "collectionId": "126540", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41030", "collectionReferenceId": "41030", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dana Quarry", "collection_aka": "DQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 6-9 m above contact w/underlying Sundance Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dana Quarry, near Ten Sleep; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 6, T48N, R89W (title incorrectly states Big Horn Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1197965", "collectionId": "154924", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50456", "collectionReferenceId": "50456", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Gunnison", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Northern Dinosaur Beach (CURE)", "collection_aka": "Curecanti, North Beach II", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Northern Dinosaur Beach, Blue Mesa Reservoir, Curecanti National Recreation Area; includes extension known as North Beach II" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1205118", "collectionId": "156123", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus (aff. Ceratosaurus) nasicornis", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus nasicornis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51106", "collectionReferenceId": "51106", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Lisboa", "formation": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "cliffs of Praia de Valmitão", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Between the municipalities of Torres Vedras and Lourinhã; Bombarral Sub-basin" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1237631", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus nasicornis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13300", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1397023", "collectionId": "192453", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65150", "collectionReferenceId": "65150", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ceratosaurus Pond, FPA", "collection_aka": "Fruita, LACM #5578", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "above \"channel 2\"", "geogcomments": "near Fruita, CO" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1523450", "collectionId": "213192", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73612", "collectionReferenceId": "79969", "cc": "UY", "state": "Tacuarembó", "county": "", "formation": "Tacuarembó", "member": "Batoví", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bidegain Quarry", "collection_aka": "Cantera Bidegain", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bidegain Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1523451", "collectionId": "83729", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73612", "collectionReferenceId": "28075", "cc": "UY", "state": "Tacuarembó", "county": "", "formation": "Tacuarembó", "member": "Batoví", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Martinote", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "base of lower member, from a 3-6 cm thick layer; \"base of Batoví Member (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)\" (Soto and Perea 2010)", "geogcomments": "near town of Martinote, 10 km E of Batoví Hills. Coordinates given as 35° 41' S, 62° 11' W, but this is incorrect according to included map and coordinates of Martinote - must be closer to those given here.; \"near Km 85 on National Road No. 59...close to the town of Martinote and about 16 km southeast of the city of Tacuarembó\" (from Soto and Perea 2010)" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1524584", "collectionId": "213406", "identifiedName": "Labrosaurus stechowi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70690", "collectionReferenceId": "12560", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mahimbwi-valley at Tendaguru", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1524704", "collectionId": "213431", "identifiedName": "Labrosaurus stechowi", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12560", "collectionReferenceId": "12560", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bolachikombe Valley", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1561469", "collectionId": "220417", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76998", "collectionReferenceId": "76998", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aaron Scott Quarry [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. Em466V", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "Aaron Scott Quarry, on W flank of San Rafael Swell, SE of Ferron" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1629378", "collectionId": "230770", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Claw Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 3c, Breakfast Bench", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 5.; along Breakfast Bench" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1630773", "collectionId": "49596", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85444", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 5, Kenton (OMNH V94)", "collection_aka": "OK-2, WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "39 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "0.8 km northeast of Quarry 6 along the SE margin of Black Mesa; E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633442", "collectionId": "231545", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Truck Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 10c", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 6" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633464", "collectionId": "231549", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Japath Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 15c", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 5" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633630", "collectionId": "231567", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wkat Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 24c", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 6, just W of OPK Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633657", "collectionId": "231581", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85715", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 15", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur National Monument; UT-17", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "within Dinosaur National Monument, 60-90 m from the Carnegie Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1639593", "collectionId": "49230", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86510", "collectionReferenceId": "13143", "cc": "PT", "state": "Lisboa", "county": "", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Porto das Barcas", "collection_aka": "Porto de Barcas", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. Sobral Mb.", "geogcomments": "near Porto das Barcas" }, { "genusId": "38600", "genus": "Ceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1639594", "collectionId": "108808", "identifiedName": "Ceratosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86510", "collectionReferenceId": "35985", "cc": "PT", "state": "Lisboa", "county": "", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Peralta (Alcobaca Formation)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"probably\" from the Praia do Amoreira–Porto Novo Member and therefore apparently not the same as the two Peralta vertebrate collections (49261 and 97526) from the Sobral Member of the Lourinha Formation", "geogcomments": "\"the Peralta locality (Lourinha, Portugal)\" (coordinate based on Lourinha)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Ceratosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "genus:38600" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38600", "390562", "71392" ], "candidateIds": [ "38600", "390562", "71392" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "443996", "name": "Ceratosuchops", "displayName": "Ceratosuchops", "attribution": "Barker et al. 2021", "rawAttribution": "Barker et al. 2021", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=443996", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Baryonychinae", "Ceratosuchopsini", "Ceratosuchops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38595", "58892", "443995", "443996" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=443996", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ceratosuchops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=443996" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "443996", "genus": "Ceratosuchops", "occurrenceId": "1581321", "collectionId": "223358", "identifiedName": "Ceratosuchops inferodios n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ceratosuchops inferodios", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78569", "collectionReferenceId": "78569", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Chilton Chine foreshore, near Brighstone", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "beach level, \"Chilton Chine, near Brighstone\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Baryonychinae", "Ceratosuchopsini", "Ceratosuchops" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Spinosauridae", "clade:Baryonychinae", "clade:Ceratosuchopsini", "genus:443996" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443996", "443998" ], "candidateIds": [ "443996", "443998" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38667", "name": "Cetiosauriscus", "displayName": "Cetiosauriscus", "attribution": "Huene 1927", "rawAttribution": "Huene 1927", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38667", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Cetiosauriscus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57361", "38667" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38667", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Cetiosauriscus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38667" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38667", "genus": "Cetiosauriscus", "occurrenceId": "522087", "collectionId": "53680", "identifiedName": "Cetiosauriscus stewarti n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosauriscus stewarti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14481", "collectionReferenceId": "30971", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Cambridgeshire", "formation": "Oxford Clay", "member": "Peterborough", "geological_group": "Ancholme", "collection_name": "New Peterborough Brick Company, No. 1 yard", "collection_aka": "brick-pit", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Jason or Coronatum Zone; Smith (1997) puts this in the Stewartby Member", "geogcomments": "New Peterborough Brick Company, No. 1 yard, near Peterborough, E of Great Northern Railway" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Cetiosauriscus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Flagellicaudata", "genus:38667" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38667" ], "candidateIds": [ "38667" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38657", "name": "Cetiosaurus", "displayName": "Cetiosaurus", "attribution": "Owen 1841", "rawAttribution": "Owen 1841", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38657", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Cetiosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "38657" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38657", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Cetiosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38657" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "292785", "collectionId": "27876", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus oxoniensis", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus oxoniensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7643", "collectionReferenceId": "7643", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Leicestershire", "formation": "Rutland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Williamson Cliffe brick-pit, Rutland", "collection_aka": "Great Casterton Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "beds are near the base of the \"Upper Estuarine Series\" (= Rutland Fm.), on top of subjacent Lincolnshire Limestone Fm.", "geogcomments": "Williamson Cliffe brick-pit, Great Casterton, Rutland, England. Coordinates are for town of Rutland." }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "303971", "collectionId": "31054", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27913", "collectionReferenceId": "8380", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "North Gloucestershire", "formation": "Chipping Norton Limestone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Hornsleasow Quarry", "collection_aka": "Snowshill Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Hornsleasow Clay Unit\" placed between Chipping Norton Member (above) and Hook Norton Member (below). Upper part of unit is the \"Green Clay\" and lower part is the \"Grey Clay\". From the macrescens Subzone of the zigzag Zone", "geogcomments": "northern Cotswold Hills, 5 km NW of Stow-in-the-Wold, E of Gloucester and Cheltenham, UK National Grid Reference SP 131322" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "465109", "collectionId": "45958", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus mogrebiensis", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12258", "collectionReferenceId": "30817", "cc": "MA", "state": "Boulemane", "county": "", "formation": "El Mers", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tich Niouine", "collection_aka": "\"primitive locality\", El Mers 1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "3 km SW of El Mers, near Tich Niouine hill; also listed as SE of El Mers by Termier (1936)" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "465111", "collectionId": "45960", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus mogrebiensis", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12258", "collectionReferenceId": "12258", "cc": "MA", "state": "Boulemane", "county": "", "formation": "El Mers", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Taghrout", "collection_aka": "El Mers 3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "3 km W of El Mers, on a shoulder crossing the Boulemane trail" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "465114", "collectionId": "45963", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus mogrebiensis", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12258", "collectionReferenceId": "12258", "cc": "MA", "state": "Boulemane", "county": "", "formation": "El Mers", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tamguert n'Tarit", "collection_aka": "El Mers 6", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "2 km N of El Mers post office" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "465115", "collectionId": "45964", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus mogrebiensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12258", "collectionReferenceId": "13647", "cc": "MA", "state": "Boulemane", "county": "", "formation": "El Mers", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tamguert n'Tarit", "collection_aka": "El Mers 8, Tamgert N'Tarit", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "same stratigraphic level as Megalosaurus mersensis type site = uppermost part of formation", "geogcomments": "2 km N of El Mers post office" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "465118", "collectionId": "45965", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus mogrebiensis", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12258", "collectionReferenceId": "12258", "cc": "MA", "state": "Boulemane", "county": "", "formation": "El Mers", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aîn ou N'Jourh", "collection_aka": "El Mers 7", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "465123", "collectionId": "45970", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus mogrebiensis", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12258", "collectionReferenceId": "12258", "cc": "MA", "state": "Boulemane", "county": "", "formation": "El Mers", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tamguert r'Tane", "collection_aka": "El Mers 17", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N flank of Tamguert r'Tane butte, 3.5 km N of El Mers" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517671", "collectionId": "52507", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19212", "collectionReferenceId": "19212", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Kirtlington Old Cement Works Quarry (OUM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Kirtlington Old Cement Works Quarrym beside Oxford Canal, about 1.6 km (1 mi) NW of Kirtlington, SP 494 199" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517674", "collectionId": "52510", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus oxoniensis", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus oxoniensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "29200", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Northamptonshire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Blisworth, Northamptonshire (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "Bilsworth", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Blisworth, Northamptonshire, in a railway cutting along the London-Birmingham line" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "518083", "collectionId": "52591", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus oxoniensis", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus oxoniensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "14142", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Bibury, Cirencester (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "Bilbury", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bibury, near Cirencester, Gloucestershire" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "518384", "collectionId": "52632", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus brevis", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "64584", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Brook (Hastings collection)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from Brook" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "521712", "collectionId": "53520", "identifiedName": "Ceteosaurus oxoniensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus oxoniensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23773", "collectionReferenceId": "23773", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "Forest Marble", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Bletchington Station (OUM)", "collection_aka": "Cetiosaurus oxoniensis type site, Kirtlington, Beltchingdon, Kirklington", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the fimbriatus-waltoni beds, Procerites hodsoni zone = early late Bathonian; possibly part of the discus unit higher in the late Bathonian; also ascribed to the Bladon Mbr of the White Limestone Fm", "geogcomments": "A quarry E of Bletchingdon (= Bletchington, old Kirtlington) Station, near Enslow Bridge, National Grid Reference SP 484 182, about 8 mi (12.9 km) N of Oxford, along Lince Lane" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545431", "collectionId": "45932", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "60759", "collectionReferenceId": "12235", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershire", "formation": "Chipping Norton Limestone", "member": "Hook Norton", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "New Park Quarry", "collection_aka": "Stow-on-the-Wold", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Parkinsonia convergens subzone, Zigzagiceras zigzag zone", "geogcomments": "New Park Quarry, Longborough (SP 175 282), about 3 km NW of Stow-on-the-Wold, Gloucestershire" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545729", "collectionId": "52546", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10557", "collectionReferenceId": "14142", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "Sharp's Hill", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Sarsden, Chipping Norton", "collection_aka": "?Smith's Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Probably Sharp's Hill Beds, Sharp's Hill Formation", "geogcomments": "Sarsgroove (= Sarsgrove?), Sarsden, near Chipping Norton, Wiltshire.\r\n" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "558442", "collectionId": "39075", "identifiedName": "? Cetiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42352", "collectionReferenceId": "10558", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "Forest Marble", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Kirtlington 3p (Mammal Bed)", "collection_aka": "Kirtlington Cement Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Oppelia aspidoides zone", "geogcomments": "Old Cement Works Quarry, near Kirtlington, Oxfordshire (Ordnance Survey Grid Reference SP 495200)" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "569023", "collectionId": "59716", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Cetiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19212", "collectionReferenceId": "23773", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "Forest Marble", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Bletchington Station (OUM)", "collection_aka": "Cetiosaurus oxoniensis type site, Kirtlington, Beltchingdon, Kirklington", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the fimbriatus-waltoni beds, Procerites hodsoni zone = early late Bathonian; possibly part of the discus unit higher in the late Bathonian; also ascribed to the Bladon Mbr of the White Limestone Fm", "geogcomments": "A quarry E of Bletchingdon (= Bletchington, old Kirtlington) Station, near Enslow Bridge, National Grid Reference SP 484 182, about 8 mi (12.9 km) N of Oxford, along Lince Lane" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "638287", "collectionId": "68658", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus giganteus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus oxoniensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55987", "collectionReferenceId": "55987", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Gibraltar Quarry, Bletchingdon Station (OUM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Gibraltar Quarry, Bletchingdon Station (OUM), N of Oxford" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "656615", "collectionId": "70891", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29200", "collectionReferenceId": "29200", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Staple-Hill, Wootton", "collection_aka": "Wotton", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Staple-Hill, near Wotton (Wootton), 3 mi NW of Woodstock" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "656693", "collectionId": "70908", "identifiedName": "Ceteosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23773", "collectionReferenceId": "23773", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Essendine, Stamford sauropod", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Essendine, near Stamford and Grantham" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "694915", "collectionId": "74835", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25218", "collectionReferenceId": "25218", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershire", "formation": "Chipping Norton Limestone", "member": "Hook Norton", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Oakham Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "same level as New Park Quarry", "geogcomments": "Oakham Quarry, about 1 mi WNW of Little Compton" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "717830", "collectionId": "77059", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Cetiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26086", "collectionReferenceId": "26086", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Wiltshire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Inferior Oolite", "collection_name": "Malmesbury, Wiltshire (OUM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Malmesbury (Wiltshire)" }, { "genusId": "38657", "genus": "Cetiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "717831", "collectionId": "77060", "identifiedName": "? 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Use another clue unless narrower reviewed anatomical evidence is supplied.; Coelurosauria/Paraves/Maniraptora alone is not a uniform ecological bracket. This task has no attributable genus-specific feeding evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. 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Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=523883", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Changzhousaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=523883" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "523883", "genus": "Changzhousaurus", "occurrenceId": "2070958", "collectionId": "105772", "identifiedName": "Changzhousaurus sinensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Changzhousaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "95769", "collectionReferenceId": "35309", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Jianchang", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lamadong, Jianchang", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"part of, or laterally equivalent to, the Lower Cretaaceous Yixian Formation, but more data are needed to confirm this\" (Hu et al. 2011)\r\n\r\nLi et al. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "55579", "name": "Chaoyangsaurus", "displayName": "Chaoyangsaurus", "attribution": "Zhao et al. 1999", "rawAttribution": "Zhao et al. 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55579", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Chaoyangsauridae", "Chaoyangsaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "66631", "55579" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Broad period only. LateCretaceous Keep genus including Chasmosaurusbelli; transferonly identifiable CMNFV8800-equivalentmaterial toCryptarcus if userapprovesnewidentity.; Do not transfer entire C.russelli historicalhypodigm toCryptarcus.; CMN8802 has uppermostOldman preferredgeologicalassignment; broadDinosaurPark association is agecorrelation, notequalformationstring.", "references": [ { "title": "Campbell et al. (2016), A Re-Evaluation of the Chasmosaurine Ceratopsid Genus Chasmosaurus", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0145805", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0145805", "access": "Full primary publisher text read; Comments on Kosmoceratops, Chasmosaurus sp. distribution" }, { "title": "Holmes, Mallon, Ryan & Evans (2026), New information on the holotype of Chasmosaurus russelli necessitates the establishment of a new genus", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "mirror": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_n/2026/new-information-on-the-holotype-of-chasmosaurus-russelli.pdf", "access": "Full original20-page primary PDF read; diagnosis,typequarry,CMNFV8801 exclusion,2026discussion of Vagaceratops. Internal referredspecimen number typo018vs019 recorded" }, { "title": "Campbell et al. 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(2016), A Re-Evaluation of the Chasmosaurine Ceratopsid Genus Chasmosaurus", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0145805", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0145805", "access": "Full primary publisher text read; Comments on Kosmoceratops, Chasmosaurus sp. distribution" }, { "title": "Holmes, Mallon, Ryan & Evans (2026), New information on the holotype of Chasmosaurus russelli necessitates the establishment of a new genus", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "mirror": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_n/2026/new-information-on-the-holotype-of-chasmosaurus-russelli.pdf", "access": "Full original20-page primary PDF read; diagnosis,typequarry,CMNFV8801 exclusion,2026discussion of Vagaceratops. Internal referredspecimen number typo018vs019 recorded" }, { "title": "Campbell et al. (2019), Temporal range extension and evolution of the chasmosaurine ceratopsid Vagaceratops irvinensis", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.18435/vamp29356", "url": "https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/vamp/index.php/VAMP/article/view/29356", "access": "Preserved complete primary PDF/text inspected; generic synonymy and specimens41357,1987.045.0001,YPM2016" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220004", "collectionId": "22656", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5923", "collectionReferenceId": "5923", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 47", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1530, Bonebed 47", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 10, sec 31, T20, R11, W 4th meridian, Dinosaur Provincial Park; UTM [WGS 84] = 12U 0463976 5620718" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220027", "collectionId": "22659", "identifiedName": "cf. 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P-1401", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "2.5 miles SE of mouth of Little Sandhill Creek, 160 ft above river; SE 1/4, sec 5, T21, R11, LSD 4" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "501575", "collectionId": "50907", "identifiedName": "cf. Chasmosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1487", "collectionReferenceId": "1487", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Antelope Head Quarry (AHQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564423", "collectionId": "58909", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus belli", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus belli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 19, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 9, ROM, U.T.11", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.\r\n", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 27, T21N, R12W, W 4th meridian; 2 mi. S of Steveville on SE side of river" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564426", "collectionId": "58912", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus brevirostris n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 25, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 24, U.T.15, ROM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "near center of sec 21, T21N, R12W, W 4th meridian; 3 mi. S of Steveille, W side of river" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564559", "collectionId": "58954", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus belli", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus belli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 49, 6 miles north of Denhart", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 49, ROM, U.T.31", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 35, T20N, R12W, W 4th meridian; SW side of river, 6 mi. N of Denhart" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565021", "collectionId": "59006", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77935", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 63, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 31, G.S.C.15, NMC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.; bottom 10 m of Dinosaur Park Fm.", "geogcomments": "3 mi S of Steveville ferry, W side of river" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565074", "collectionId": "59014", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus belli", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus belli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50005", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 78, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 5", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 33, T21N, R12W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565107", "collectionId": "59026", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70549", "collectionReferenceId": "12046", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 94, Sand Creek [UA]", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 77, RTMP Quarry 237, U.A. 40", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "2 mi. SE and 1 mi. E of mouth of Sand Creek, Red Deer River. Listed as Q94 by Danis (1986) and Q237 by Currie (2005) - same specimen." }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565158", "collectionId": "59047", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus belli", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus belli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 110, Little Sandhill Creek", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 41, YPM, G.S.C.40", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.; 60 ft. below overlying Pierre Shale", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 35, T20N, R12W, W 4th meridian; S side of W branch of Little Sandhill Creek" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565600", "collectionId": "59136", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77935", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 164", "collection_aka": "U033", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "578255", "collectionId": "60873", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius belli n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus belli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25127", "collectionReferenceId": "25127", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Chasmosaurus type, Berry Creek, GSC (NMC)", "collection_aka": "CMN Loc. P-189803", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on E side of Red Deer River, below the mouth of Berry Creek (Steveville)" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "578256", "collectionId": "60874", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius canadensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25127", "collectionReferenceId": "25127", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "Special Area No. 2", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "below mouth of Berry Creek [GSC/NMC]", "collection_aka": "NMC 1254, CMN Loc. P-0105", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on E side of Red Deer River, a short distance below the mouth of Berry Creek (between it and Dead Lodge Canyon)" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "604473", "collectionId": "64400", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus russelli n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus russelli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18595", "collectionReferenceId": "18595", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Southeast of Manyberries (NMC)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 21, T2, R4, W 4th meridian; about 17.5 mi S and 9 mi E of Manyberries" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "604474", "collectionId": "64401", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14101", "collectionReferenceId": "18595", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Southeast of Manyberries (NMC)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 10, T2, R5, W 4th meridian; about 13.5 mi S and 3.25 mi E of Manyberries" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "604475", "collectionId": "64402", "identifiedName": "Mojoceratops perifania", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus russelli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33878", "collectionReferenceId": "18595", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "Lake Diefenbaker", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 12, T30, R16, W 3rd meridian; South Saskatchewan River (now Lake Diefenbaker)" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1390596", "collectionId": "191255", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus russelli", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus russelli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77935", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sand Creek [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Sand Creek" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1390609", "collectionId": "191258", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus belli", "acceptedName": "Chasmosaurus belli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "1 mile below Steveville (50 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "left bank of Red Deer River, 50 feet above river, 1 mile (1/6 km) below Steveville. T21, R12, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38855", "genus": "Chasmosaurus", "cc": "CA", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-3", "formation": "Dinosaur Park" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Keep genus including Chasmosaurusbelli; transferonly identifiable CMNFV8800-equivalentmaterial toCryptarcus if userapprovesnewidentity.; Do not transfer entire C.russelli historicalhypodigm toCryptarcus.; CMN8802 has uppermostOldman preferredgeologicalassignment; broadDinosaurPark association is agecorrelation, notequalformationstring.", "references": [ { "title": "Campbell et al. (2016), A Re-Evaluation of the Chasmosaurine Ceratopsid Genus Chasmosaurus", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0145805", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0145805", "access": "Full primary publisher text read; Comments on Kosmoceratops, Chasmosaurus sp. distribution" }, { "title": "Holmes, Mallon, Ryan & Evans (2026), New information on the holotype of Chasmosaurus russelli necessitates the establishment of a new genus", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "mirror": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_n/2026/new-information-on-the-holotype-of-chasmosaurus-russelli.pdf", "access": "Full original20-page primary PDF read; diagnosis,typequarry,CMNFV8801 exclusion,2026discussion of Vagaceratops. Internal referredspecimen number typo018vs019 recorded" }, { "title": "Campbell et al. (2019), Temporal range extension and evolution of the chasmosaurine ceratopsid Vagaceratops irvinensis", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.18435/vamp29356", "url": "https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/vamp/index.php/VAMP/article/view/29356", "access": "Preserved complete primary PDF/text inspected; generic synonymy and specimens41357,1987.045.0001,YPM2016" } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Chasmosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Chasmosaurinae", "genus:38855" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "38855", "38859", "215082" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "oldman" ], "label": "Oldman Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "374384", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Chasmosaurus", "Vagaceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Pentaceratops" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Chasmosaurus": [ "374384" ], "Vagaceratops": [ "504696" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38855", "38859", "215082" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "81009", "name": "Chebsaurus", "displayName": "Chebsaurus", "attribution": "Mahammed et al. 2005", "rawAttribution": "Mahammed et al. 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81009", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Cetiosauridae", "Chebsaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "38654", "81009" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81009", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Chebsaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81009" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "81009", "genus": "Chebsaurus", "occurrenceId": "572951", "collectionId": "60171", "identifiedName": "Chebsaurus algeriensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chebsaurus algeriensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17310", "collectionReferenceId": "71059", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Naama", "county": "", "formation": "Aïssa", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rouis El Djir, High Atlas", "collection_aka": "Géant des Ksour", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "listed as \"Djara Formation\" in ref 70818.", "geogcomments": "site is at mid-slope of the Rouis El Djir mount on its northern hillside, W border of Saharan Atlas, between Aïn Sefra and Forthassa Rharbia, 5 km SE of village of Oulalak, near the road to Sfissifa. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38619", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Chilantaisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38619" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38619", "genus": "Chilantaisaurus", "occurrenceId": "560789", "collectionId": "58445", "identifiedName": "Chilantaisaurus zheziangensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chilantaisaurus zheziangensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9256", "collectionReferenceId": "9256", "cc": "CN", "state": "Zhejiang", "county": "Tangxi", "formation": "Tangshang", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zhongdai, Tangxi (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "listed as \"from second member of Fangyan Formation\" = Tangshang Formation", "geogcomments": "Zhongdai Commune, Tangxi Co., in the Qujiang Basin" }, { "genusId": "38619", "genus": "Chilantaisaurus", "occurrenceId": "621492", "collectionId": "66925", "identifiedName": "Chilantaisaurus tashuikouensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chilantaisaurus tashuikouensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19051", "collectionReferenceId": "19051", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Ulansuhai", "member": "", "geological_group": "Dashuigou", "collection_name": "Tashuikou", "collection_aka": "Chilantai, Jilantai, Dashuigou, Tao-Suei-Gou ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "overlies Suhongtu Fm.; Faunal assignment to Aptian-Albian, but dating of underlying beds suggests maximum age is Turonian", "geogcomments": "Tashuikou (= Dashuigou, Tao-Suei-Gou), about 60 km N of Chilantai (Jilantai), on E side of Chilantai Salt Lake (Chilantaiyen Chih), E part of Alashan Desert" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Neovenatoridae", "Chilantaisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Neovenatoridae", "genus:38619" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38619" ], "candidateIds": [ "38619" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "319906", "name": "Chilesaurus", "displayName": "Chilesaurus", "attribution": "Novas et al. 2015", "rawAttribution": "Novas et al. 2015", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=319906", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Chilesaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "319906" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "anatomy-supported", "rationale": "The leaf-shaped, procumbent dentition supports plant feeding independently of the chosen theropod or ornithischian ancestry. The original description and Hendrickx 2026 explicitly discuss herbivory.", "references": [ { "title": "An enigmatic plant-eating theropod from the Late Jurassic period of Chile", "authors": "Novas et al.", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1038/nature14307", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14307", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Publisher abstract indexed; full text unavailable", "dietSupport": "Original description of a plant-eating dinosaur with a mosaic anatomy." }, { "title": "Dental evolution in non-coelurosaur theropods", "authors": "Hendrickx", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.3301/IJG.2026.14", "url": "https://www.italianjournalofgeosciences.it/297/article-1248/dental-evolution-in-non-coelurosaur-theropods.html", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Publisher full text; Chilesaurus discussion and dental ecology read", "dietSupport": "Discusses the herbivorous interpretation based on specialised leaf-shaped teeth, with competing phylogenetic positions acknowledged." } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=319906", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Chilesaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=319906" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Targeted review", "url": "audit.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "319906", "genus": "Chilesaurus", "occurrenceId": "778886", "collectionId": "83734", "identifiedName": "Chilesaurus diegosuarezi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chilesaurus diegosuarezi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55192", "collectionReferenceId": "28072", "cc": "CL", "state": "Aisén", "county": "General Carrera", "formation": "Toqui", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aysén", "collection_aka": "Aysen; South of Lago General Carreras; General Carrera Lake", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "U-Pb SHRIMP date of 147 ± 0.1 Ma from ignimbrite at base of measured section, just below fossiliferous layer", "geogcomments": "Near Aysén, Aysén Basin, cropping out in the mountains flanked by the Maitenes and Horquetas rivers, south of Lago General Carreras (General Carrera Lake)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Chilesaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "319906", "rationale": "Use the basal tetanuran interpretation supported by the original description and Cau 2024, and discussed in Hendrickx 2026. This is a chosen game topology, not a settled consensus: ornithischian alternatives remain documented. Placing the genus directly under Dinosauria provided almost no useful branch feedback. Herbivory and PBDB inclusion are unchanged.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "hendrickx2026-dental", "title": "Dental evolution in non-coelurosaur theropods", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2026.14", "doi": "10.3301/IJG.2026.14", "year": 2026, "access": "Publisher full text accessed", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Discusses competing ornithischian placements and recent theropod support, including Cau 2024; treats Chilesaurus as an herbivorous early-branching tetanuran in its working topologies." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "genus:319906" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "319906" ], "candidateIds": [ "319906" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66908", "name": "Chindesaurus", "displayName": "Chindesaurus", "attribution": "Long and Murry 1995", "rawAttribution": "Long and Murry 1995", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66908", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Chindesaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "66908" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Chindesaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Carnivory inferred within an anatomically predatory bracket, including genera without diagnostic teeth.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D8", "title": "A new taxon of saurischian dinosaur from the Coelophysis Quarry of New Mexico, USA (Triassic: latest Norian or Rhaetian) highlights herrerasaurian diversity in the latest Triassic", "authors": "Srivastava and Nesbitt", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/spp2.70069", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.70069", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text available; abstract, diagnosis and phylogenetic passages read", "dietSupport": "Ptychotherates belongs in a morphoraptoran/herrerasaurian bracket. The paper supplies placement, not direct feeding evidence; carnivory is an explicit relative-based inference.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view2", "turn465view4" ] }, { "id": "D9", "title": "Gnathovorax cabreirai: a new early dinosaur and the origin and initial radiation of predatory dinosaurs", "authors": "Pacheco et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7963", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6844243/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental morphology and predatory discussion read", "dietSupport": "Blade-like, recurved, compressed serrated crowns and comparative anatomy support predatory feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view1", "turn587view2" ] }, { "id": "D10", "title": "The osteology of the early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early dinosaurs", "authors": "Nesbitt and Sues", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa080", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/1/150/5879911", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; feeding discussion read; online publication 2020, volume 2021", "dietSupport": "Carnivory inferred from unusual procumbent dentition. Also supports comparisons with predatory Tawa/Chindesaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view3", "turn591view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "carnivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66908", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Chindesaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66908" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66908", "genus": "Chindesaurus", "occurrenceId": "484986", "collectionId": "48546", "identifiedName": "Chindesaurus bryansmalli n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chindesaurus bryansmalli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14122", "collectionReferenceId": "68860", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Apache", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Petrified Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur Hollow, PFV 20", "collection_aka": "UCMP V84260, PEFO 85101, Chinde Mesa, Chinde Point, Gertie", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Upper Petrified Forest Formation\"; now known as the Petrified Forest Member (Woody 2003) or the Painted Desert Member of the Petrified Forest Formation (Heckert & Lucas 2002).\r\n1.5 to 3.1 metres above Painted Desert Sandstone 2; 34 m below Black Forest Tuff", "geogcomments": "northern end of Petrified Forest National Monument, close to Chinde Point viewpoint; 6 km NE of PFV 40" }, { "genusId": "66908", "genus": "Chindesaurus", "occurrenceId": "1579641", "collectionId": "223030", "identifiedName": "\"Chindesaurus\" sp.", "acceptedName": "Chindesaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31961", "collectionReferenceId": "31961", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Petrified Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hayden Quarry, Ghost Ranch (site 1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of the member; \"The Hayden Quarry has been dated to ~215 to 213 million years ago\"\r\n\"Determining absolute ages of the Chinle Formation is difficult because of a lack of available radiometric dates and comprehensive paleomagnetic records. The best age estimates come from palynological and vertebrate biostratigraphy. Litwin and his colleagues (1986; Litwin et al. 1991) described Norian-aged palynological assemblages from the approximate level of the Canjilon Quarry, and assemblages from the overlying “upper siltstone” member (which contains the Coelophysis Quarry) that are no older than mid-Norian in age. The HQ assemblage includes several biostratigraphically useful vertebrate taxa: pseudopalatine phytosaurs, and the aetosaurs Typothorax coccinarum and Rioarribasuchus chamaensis. These taxa are only found in sediments with Norian pollen at Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO), Arizona and other Chinle Formation localities. Furthermore, pseudopalatine phytosaurs and Typothorax are found both above and below the Black Forest Tuff at PEFO, a local marker bed that yielded the only published radiometric date in the Chinle Formation. Detrital zircons from the Black Forest Tuff indicate a maximum 206Pb/238U age of 213 Ma (Riggs et al. 2003). The association of vertebrate taxa found at this stratigraphic level has a longer range both above and below the Black Forest Tuff, so it is not clear what part of this range correlates with the HQ assemblage. Nonetheless, a broadly Norian age for the HQ assemblage is justified because both the vertebrates and pollen provide an unambiguous Norian signal, and there is at present no evidence to the contrary. This age assignment is also consistent with preliminary results from magnetostratigraphy in the Chama Basin (Zeigler et al. 2005).\"", "geogcomments": "\"located in a series of exposures along the drainage of Arroyo Seco, an intermittently flowing tributary of the Rio Chama.\"; \"south of US 84 on the west bank of Arroyo Seco\"\r\n" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Morphoraptora", "Chindesaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "66908", "rationale": "Both original 2026 matrices support Morphoraptora; avoid forcing contested Herrerasauria root while adding four supported members.", "references": [ { "id": "srivastava2026", "title": "A new taxon of saurischian dinosaur from the Coelophysis Quarry of New Mexico", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.70069", "doi": "10.1002/spp2.70069", "year": 2026, "access": "Publisher full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ptychotherates, Tawa, Chindesaurus and Daemonosaurus form Morphoraptora; two matrices disagree on deepest saurischian topology. Morphoraptora sister to Herrerasauridae in both." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Morphoraptora", "genus:66908" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "candidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68151", "name": "Chinshakiangosaurus", "displayName": "Chinshakiangosaurus", "attribution": "Yeh 1975", "rawAttribution": "Yeh 1975", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68151", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Chinshakiangosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "68151" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68151", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Chinshakiangosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68151" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68151", "genus": "Chinshakiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "492832", "collectionId": "49779", "identifiedName": "Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64009", "collectionReferenceId": "64009", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Yungyin", "formation": "Fengjiahe", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fenghe village, Zhonghe (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Dianzhong Basin", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower layers of formation, equivalent to Lower Lufeng, Shawan Member\r\n\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.\r\n\r\nYeh lists this as the \"Xialufeng.\"", "geogcomments": "Fenghe village, Zhonghe, Yungyin County, Dianzhong Basin, central Yunnan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Chinshakiangosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "genus:68151" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "candidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38555", "name": "Chirostenotes", "displayName": "Chirostenotes", "attribution": "Gilmore 1924", "rawAttribution": "Gilmore 1924", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38555", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Chirostenotes" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "54544", "38555" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. A blanket verified omnivore label is too strong; preserve potential animal supplementation and genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38555", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Chirostenotes", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38555" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "463126", "collectionId": "45683", "identifiedName": "Chirostenotes pergracilis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes pergracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12060", "collectionReferenceId": "12060", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "2 miles northeast of mouth, Little Sandhill Creek", "collection_aka": "Chirostenotes type, NMC, Sand Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formation is now series - assigned to Dinosaur Park Fm. in ref 52782.", "geogcomments": "Sec. 17, T21, R11, W 4th meridian; 2 miles NE of mouth of Little Sandhill Creek, Red Deer River, Alberta. Now in Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "463392", "collectionId": "45755", "identifiedName": "Macrophalangia canadensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes pergracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12114", "collectionReferenceId": "12114", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 61, Berry Creek (NMC)", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 16, G.S.C.13", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 100 feet below top; originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "S end of deep cut on C.N.R. railway grade, about 2 miles SW of mouth of Berry Creek (Steveville), Red Deer River, Alberta; E 1/2, sec 29, T21, R12, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "472461", "collectionId": "46953", "identifiedName": 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"geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Engdahl Anthills 3", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73077", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "487954", "collectionId": "14536", "identifiedName": "Chirostenotes sp.", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Engdahl Anthills 4", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73078", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "487977", "collectionId": "14533", "identifiedName": "Chirostenotes sp.", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Engdahl Anthills 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72212", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "488042", "collectionId": "14548", "identifiedName": "Chirostenotes sp.", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 3", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73085", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "488134", "collectionId": "14560", "identifiedName": 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"genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "488296", "collectionId": "14582", "identifiedName": "Chirostenotes sp.", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Lead Slug Hill 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72208", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "488582", "collectionId": "14639", "identifiedName": "Chirostenotes sp.", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Trumbo's Anthill", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72213", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "489014", "collectionId": "14562", "identifiedName": "Chirostenotes sp.", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "3198", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Harbicht Hill (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-71203", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "501510", "collectionId": "14437", "identifiedName": "Chirostenotes ", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1487", "collectionReferenceId": "25474", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Careless Creek Quarry (CCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the lower 1/3rd of the local section according to Penkalski and Dodson 1999\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma, ", "geogcomments": "on Careless Creek Ranch (owned by Lammers family), near Shawmut, Wheatland Co., about 150 km NW of Billings and 160 km S of Leidy-Cope localities on Missouri R." }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "501511", "collectionId": "14437", "identifiedName": "Chirostenotes ", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1487", "collectionReferenceId": "25474", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Careless Creek Quarry (CCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the lower 1/3rd of the local section according to Penkalski and Dodson 1999\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. 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SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs, ca. 100 ft. downslope of Eureka Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "1518488", "collectionId": "212186", "identifiedName": "Chirostenotes sp.", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73277", "collectionReferenceId": "73277", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gaddis Site (MiV)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "second-lowest fossiliferous bed, the \"microvertebrate lens\"", "geogcomments": "an isolated, elongated ridge trending ESE, WNW located ca. 3.5 km S and W of Study Butte, Texas" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "1528996", "collectionId": "22656", "identifiedName": "Chirostenotes pergracilis", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes pergracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73939", "collectionReferenceId": "5923", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 47", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1530, Bonebed 47", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 10, sec 31, T20, R11, W 4th meridian, Dinosaur Provincial Park; UTM [WGS 84] = 12U 0463976 5620718" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "1606327", "collectionId": "227125", "identifiedName": "cf. Chirostenotes sp.", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82581", "collectionReferenceId": "82581", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Wapiti", "member": "Unit 3", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur-Chelonian Bonebed", "collection_aka": "DC Bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "ca. 10 km SE of Grande Prairie on the noNrth bank of the Wapiti River (55°3'55\"N, 118°41'25\"W)" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "1638269", "collectionId": "232140", "identifiedName": "Chirostenotes pergracilis", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes pergracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73939", "collectionReferenceId": "86180", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "TMP 1993.036.0181 locality, DPP", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "legal subdivision 12, section 33, township 20, range 11, west of the 4th Meridian; within Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "38555", "genus": "Chirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "1638270", "collectionId": "232141", "identifiedName": "Caenagnathus sternbergi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chirostenotes pergracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71600", "collectionReferenceId": "71600", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville (NMC 2690) [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. assigned to Oldman Fm. prior to separation of DPF", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality near Steveville, Alberta" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Chirostenotes" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "clade:Caenagnathidae", "genus:38555" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "candidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65680", "name": "Chuandongocoelurus", "displayName": "Chuandongocoelurus", "attribution": "He 1984", "rawAttribution": "He 1984", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65680", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Chuandongocoelurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "65680" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65680", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Chuandongocoelurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65680" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65680", "genus": "Chuandongocoelurus", "occurrenceId": "1350012", "collectionId": "24883", "identifiedName": "Chuandongocoelurus primitivus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chuandongocoelurus primitivus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14527", "collectionReferenceId": "6976", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry [lower]", "collection_aka": "Dashanpu Town", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating from this formation (but not this locality), Wang et al. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "71525", "name": "Chuanjiesaurus", "displayName": "Chuanjiesaurus", "attribution": "Fang et al. 2000", "rawAttribution": "Fang et al. 2000", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71525", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Chuanjiesaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "53026", "71525" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71525", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Chuanjiesaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71525" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "71525", "genus": "Chuanjiesaurus", "occurrenceId": "651334", "collectionId": "70438", "identifiedName": "Chuanjiesaurus anaensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chuanjiesaurus anaensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16660", "collectionReferenceId": "23627", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Chuanjie", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 1, Lao Chang Qing", "collection_aka": "Laochangjing, A'na; Konglongshan; Laochangqing; Ana Village; A’na village", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "From the base of the Chuanjie Formation, which was regarded to be Middle Jurassic (Bajocian), according to the magnetostratigraphic study of Huang et al. (2015).\r\n\r\nOriginally assigned to Lufeng but ascribed to Upper Jurassic based on vertebrate fossils. Considered base (lower member) of Upper Lufeng and thus early Middle Jurassic by Wu et al. 2009 (equivalent to Chuanjie Fm.)", "geogcomments": "S slope of hill, 50 m from highway connecting Kunming and Dali. Approx. 20 km S/SE of Lufeng, near Lao Chang Qing (= Laochangjing), A'na village, Chuanjie township, Lufeng county (GPS: 24°58'20.84\"N, 102° 4'34.31\"E)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Chuanjiesaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Mamenchisauridae", "genus:71525" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "414475", "71525" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "chuanjie", "yunnan" ], "label": "Chuanjie Formation · Yunnan · CN", "occurrenceId": "651334", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Analong", "Chuanjiesaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Analong": [ "1499899" ], "Chuanjiesaurus": [ "651334" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "414475", "71525" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "302920", "name": "Chuanqilong", "displayName": "Chuanqilong", "attribution": "Han et al. 2014", "rawAttribution": "Han et al. 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=302920", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Chuanqilong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "302920" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=302920", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Chuanqilong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=302920" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "302920", "genus": "Chuanqilong", "occurrenceId": "1222292", "collectionId": "160135", "identifiedName": "Chuanqilong chaoyangensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chuanqilong chaoyangensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52265", "collectionReferenceId": "52265", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Lingyuan", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Baishizui village, Goumenzi", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "quarry in Baishizui village, Goumenzi county, Lingyuan city, Liaoning" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Chuanqilong" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "genus:302920" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57228", "302920", "484516", "84234", "500588", "68244", "52794" ], "candidateIds": [ "302920" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "jiufotang" ], "label": "Jiufotang Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1222292", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Chuanqilong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bissektipelta", "Datai", "Gobisaurus", "Huaxiazhoulong", "Liaoningosaurus", "Shamosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Chuanqilong": [ "1222292" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "302920" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38805", "name": "Chungkingosaurus", "displayName": "Chungkingosaurus", "attribution": "Dong et al. 1983", "rawAttribution": "Dong et al. 1983", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38805", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Chungkingosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "38803", "38805" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38805", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Chungkingosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38805" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38805", "genus": "Chungkingosaurus", "occurrenceId": "572135", "collectionId": "60067", "identifiedName": "Chungkingosaurus jiangbeiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Chungkingosaurus jiangbeiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17258", "collectionReferenceId": "17258", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Jiangbei", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Maoershi, Jiangbei", "collection_aka": "Mai-eisni", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. 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Profile scope: Reviewed species/type concept only; unreviewed PBDB occurrences are preserved, not silently deleted or transferred.", "references": [ { "id": "griffin2018", "title": "Developmental patterns and variation among early theropods", "publicationYear": 2018, "publicationDate": "2018-01-23", "doi": "10.1111/joa.12775", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322678118_Developmental_patterns_and_variation_among_early_theropods", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Materials", "Coelophysis/Megapnosaurus comparative development", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "mcdavidbugos2022", "title": "Taxonomic notes on Megapnosaurus and 'Syntarsus' (Theropoda: Coelophysidae)", "publicationYear": 2022, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7027378", "url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57ccc4a9bebafb56980a7fdc/t/633876ac379ee34c200e051b/1664644780625/McDavidBugos2022Megapnosaurus.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The Mosasaur 12 taxonomic contribution; do not describe the Zenodo DOI as a different journal article." }, { "id": "bristoweraath2004", "title": "A juvenile coelophysoid skull from the Early Jurassic of Zimbabwe, and the synonymy of Coelophysis and Syntarsus", "publicationYear": 2004, "publicationDate": "2004-12", "doi": null, "url": "https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/fd880af7-a628-4abf-86c9-de7645dc8e62/content", "access": "full_primary_repository_pdf", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Taxonomic analysis", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Historic opposing generic treatment; accepts distinct bauri and rhodesiensis species." } ], "comparisonValues": [ "Americas" ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "366438", "collectionId": "34698", "identifiedName": "Podokesaurus holyokensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Podokesaurus holyokensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9194", "collectionReferenceId": "9194", "cc": "US", "state": "Massachusetts", "county": "Hampshire", "formation": "Portland", "member": "", "geological_group": "Agawam", "collection_name": "Boynton farm, South Hadley", "collection_aka": "Podokesaurus type, Mount Holyoke College", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "also called \"Longmeadow Sandstone\" from the \"upper Series\"", "geogcomments": "\"not far\" from Mount Holyoke College, Hampshire County, in a gravel pit on the John A. Boynton farm. Coordinates for the college. Found in a glacial boulder, supposedly carried only 2-3 miles. Lull (1915): \"The parent ledge must lie on the south side of the Holyoke range not more than two or three miles north of the place where the specimen was found.\"" }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "477082", "collectionId": "47198", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12624", "collectionReferenceId": "35711", "cc": "US", "state": "Connecticut", "county": "New Haven", "formation": "Shuttle Meadow", "member": "", "geological_group": "Meriden", "collection_name": "Bluff Head, Totoket Mountain", "collection_aka": "North Guilford", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "stream cut near Bluff Head, NE side of Totoket Mountain, North Guilford, near Durham, CT" }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "483867", "collectionId": "48422", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis bauri n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis bauri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5707", "collectionReferenceId": "5707", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Siltstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ghost Ranch Quarry", "collection_aka": "Whitaker Quarry, Coelophysis Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Apachean LVF. Has been placed variously previously in the \"upper Petrified Forest Member\", in the \"siltstone member\" of the Chinle Formation, the Owl Rock Member and the Rock Point Member. ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 1, T24N, R4E. Ghost Ranch, orig. owned by Arthur N. Pack" }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "513187", "collectionId": "39671", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "13103", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Crosby", "formation": "Dockum", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Davidson Creek, UCMP V6333", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "517573", "collectionId": "52498", "identifiedName": "Coelurus bauri", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis bauri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9090", "collectionReferenceId": "9090", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Arroyo Seco 1", "collection_aka": "Coelophysis type site, Cope", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Rock Point or Petrified Forest member", "geogcomments": "Arroyo Seco, Rio Arriba Co." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "517621", "collectionId": "52498", "identifiedName": "Coelurus longicollis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis bauri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9090", "collectionReferenceId": "9090", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Arroyo Seco 1", "collection_aka": "Coelophysis type site, Cope", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Rock Point or Petrified Forest member", "geogcomments": "Arroyo Seco, Rio Arriba Co." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "517622", "collectionId": "52498", "identifiedName": "Tanystropheus willistoni n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis bauri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17157", "collectionReferenceId": "9090", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Arroyo Seco 1", "collection_aka": "Coelophysis type site, Cope", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Rock Point or Petrified Forest member", "geogcomments": "Arroyo Seco, Rio Arriba Co." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "528637", "collectionId": "54006", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14598", "collectionReferenceId": "14598", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Petrified Forest", "member": "Painted Desert", "geological_group": "Chinle", "collection_name": "Orphan Mesa Loc. 1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "29 m below contact with the Rock Point Formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, NW 1/4, section 18, T24N, R5E. 2.5 km southeast of the Ghost Ranch quarry." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "528639", "collectionId": "54008", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14598", "collectionReferenceId": "14598", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Petrified Forest", "member": "Painted Desert", "geological_group": "Chinle", "collection_name": "Orphan Mesa Loc. 2", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "29 m below contact with the Rock Point Formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, NW 1/4, section 18, T24N, R5E. 2.5 km southeast of the Ghost Ranch quarry." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "528640", "collectionId": "54009", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14598", "collectionReferenceId": "14598", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Petrified Forest", "member": "Painted Desert", "geological_group": "Chinle", "collection_name": "Orphan Mesa Loc. 5", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "29 m below contact with the Rock Point Formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, NW 1/4, section 18, T24N, R5E. 2.5 km southeast of the Ghost Ranch quarry." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "528641", "collectionId": "54010", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14598", "collectionReferenceId": "14598", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Petrified Forest", "member": "Painted Desert", "geological_group": "Chinle", "collection_name": "Orphan Mesa Loc. 6", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "29 m below contact with the Rock Point Formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, NW 1/4, section 18, T24N, R5E. 2.5 km southeast of the Ghost Ranch quarry." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "528642", "collectionId": "54011", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14598", "collectionReferenceId": "14598", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Petrified Forest", "member": "Painted Desert", "geological_group": "Chinle", "collection_name": "Orphan Mesa Loc. 8", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "29 m below contact with the Rock Point Formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, NW 1/4, section 18, T24N, R5E. 2.5 km southeast of the Ghost Ranch quarry." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "528643", "collectionId": "54012", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14598", "collectionReferenceId": "14598", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Petrified Forest", "member": "Painted Desert", "geological_group": "Chinle", "collection_name": "Orphan Mesa Loc. 9", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "29 m below contact with the Rock Point Formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, NW 1/4, section 18, T24N, R5E. 2.5 km southeast of the Ghost Ranch quarry." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "528644", "collectionId": "54013", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14598", "collectionReferenceId": "14598", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Petrified Forest", "member": "Painted Desert", "geological_group": "Chinle", "collection_name": "Orphan Mesa Loc. 12", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "29 m below contact with the Rock Point Formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, NW 1/4, section 18, T24N, R5E. 2.5 km southeast of the Ghost Ranch quarry." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "528645", "collectionId": "54014", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14598", "collectionReferenceId": "14598", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Petrified Forest", "member": "Painted Desert", "geological_group": "Chinle", "collection_name": "Orphan Mesa Loc. 13", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "29 m below contact with the Rock Point Formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, NW 1/4, section 18, T24N, R5E. 2.5 km southeast of the Ghost Ranch quarry." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "530454", "collectionId": "54167", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis bauri", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis bauri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14598", "collectionReferenceId": "9090", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Petrified Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Arroyo Seco 2", "collection_aka": "Coelophysis type site, Cope", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Rock Point or Petrified Forest member", "geogcomments": "Arroyo Seco, Rio Arriba Co." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "530455", "collectionId": "54168", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis bauri", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis bauri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14598", "collectionReferenceId": "61566", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Petrified Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gallina Canyon", "collection_aka": "Coelophysis type site, Cope", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Rock Point or Petrified Forest member", "geogcomments": "N 1/2, sec 5 or NW 1/4, sec 6 of T24N, R1E, Rio Arriba Co., in Cañada de Tableta, N of Cerro Blanco, near Gallina (sec 6 used for lat-long)" }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "557177", "collectionId": "57685", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15512", "collectionReferenceId": "15512", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Apache", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Petrified Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Giving Site, PFV 231", "collection_aka": "PEFO", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Approximately 54 meters below a prominent tuffaceous sandstone bed known as the Black Forest Bed (Ash 1992). Riggs et al. (2003) have determined a maximum age for this bed, and thus a minimum age for the quarries, of 213 +/- 1.7 based on U-Pb ages of detrital zircons.\"", "geogcomments": "SW of Lacey Point, Petrified Forest National Park" }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "559094", "collectionId": "58106", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15654", "collectionReferenceId": "15654", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Petrified Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ghost Ranch, southeast of quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Approx. 1 mile to the southeast of the Ghost Ranch Quarry, to the east of Arroyo Seco and downstream from the quarry." }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "590148", "collectionId": "62311", "identifiedName": "cf. Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24249", "collectionReferenceId": "18008", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Petrified Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Snyder Quarry, NMMNH 3845-1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "early-mid Norian = Revueltian", "geogcomments": "near Ghost Ranch, N-central New Mexico" }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "627731", "collectionId": "67699", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19338", "collectionReferenceId": "19338", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Garza", "formation": "Cooper Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Dockum", "collection_name": "Lott Ranch, Garza", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from the Lott Ranch, Garza County - position estimated as 12 mi S of Post (historical location of ranch)" }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "778927", "collectionId": "57071", "identifiedName": "cf. Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69995", "collectionReferenceId": "78209", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Guadalupe", "formation": "Bull Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Dockum", "collection_name": "NMMNH Loc. 110, Luciano Mesa", "collection_aka": "Lucianosaurus type; NMMNH L-00110, Bull Canyon, Luciana Mesa", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper portion of formation, ca. 30 ft below base of Redonda Fm. Possibly middle Norian. Revueltian", "geogcomments": "within Bull Canyon, near Luciano (= Luciana) Mesa; SW 1/4, SW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec 28, T9N, R26E" }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "1327346", "collectionId": "178451", "identifiedName": "? Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59032", "collectionReferenceId": "59032", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Rock Point", "member": "", "geological_group": "Chinle", "collection_name": "V5, locality 2, Dolores River Canyon", "collection_aka": "Paradox Valley, Bedrock", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ca. 65 ft. below base of Wingate Sandstone", "geogcomments": "S of Bedrock, Dolores River Canyon close to entrance of Paradox Valley" }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "1330170", "collectionId": "71979", "identifiedName": "? Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24343", "collectionReferenceId": "24339", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Crosby", "formation": "Tecovas", "member": "", "geological_group": "Dockum", "collection_name": "west bank of Blanco River, northern breaks", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "W side of Blanco (Catfish) River, N of Cedar Mtn (Hill), in breaks just N of the old Spur-Crosbyton mail road" }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "1356672", "collectionId": "54168", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61566", "collectionReferenceId": "61566", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Petrified Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gallina Canyon", "collection_aka": "Coelophysis type site, Cope", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Rock Point or Petrified Forest member", "geogcomments": "N 1/2, sec 5 or NW 1/4, sec 6 of T24N, R1E, Rio Arriba Co., in Cañada de Tableta, N of Cerro Blanco, near Gallina (sec 6 used for lat-long)" }, { "genusId": "38520", "genus": "Coelophysis", "occurrenceId": "1491293", "collectionId": "98596", "identifiedName": "Coelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71464", "collectionReferenceId": "71464", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Crosby", "formation": "Tecovas", "member": "", "geological_group": "Dockum", "collection_name": "Brunson Ranch, Cedar Mountain", "collection_aka": "TMM Site 2, TMM 31173, WPA, Work Project No. 15995", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "W. W. Brunson Ranch, Crosby County; near Cedar Mountain, 6-7 mi SE of Crosbyton, on W side of White River" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Modern developmental comparison and taxonomy support separating Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis from C. bauri; historic Coelophysis rhodesiensis remains a published alternative. The prototype combined continents and periods under one name and must not use that combined range as a diagnostic clue.", "references": [ { "id": "griffin2018", "title": "Developmental patterns and variation among early theropods", "publicationYear": 2018, "publicationDate": "2018-01-23", "doi": "10.1111/joa.12775", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322678118_Developmental_patterns_and_variation_among_early_theropods", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Materials", "Coelophysis/Megapnosaurus comparative development", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "mcdavidbugos2022", "title": "Taxonomic notes on Megapnosaurus and 'Syntarsus' (Theropoda: Coelophysidae)", "publicationYear": 2022, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7027378", "url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57ccc4a9bebafb56980a7fdc/t/633876ac379ee34c200e051b/1664644780625/McDavidBugos2022Megapnosaurus.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The Mosasaur 12 taxonomic contribution; do not describe the Zenodo DOI as a different journal article." }, { "id": "bristoweraath2004", "title": "A juvenile coelophysoid skull from the Early Jurassic of Zimbabwe, and the synonymy of Coelophysis and Syntarsus", "publicationYear": 2004, "publicationDate": "2004-12", "doi": null, "url": "https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/fd880af7-a628-4abf-86c9-de7645dc8e62/content", "access": "full_primary_repository_pdf", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Taxonomic analysis", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Historic opposing generic treatment; accepts distinct bauri and rhodesiensis species." } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Coelophysoidea", "Coelophysidae", "Coelophysinae", "Coelophysis" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Coelophysoidea", "clade:Coelophysidae", "clade:Coelophysinae", "genus:38520" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66658", "38520", "372123" ], "candidateIds": [ "66658", "38520", "372123" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38528", "name": "Coelurus", "displayName": "Coelurus", "attribution": "Marsh 1879", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1879", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38528", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Coelurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "38528" ], "diet": { "values": [], "status": "unresolved", "rationale": "No genus dietary anatomy verified; broad coelurosaur membership is insufficient.", "references": [], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "unresolved", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38528", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Coelurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38528" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "297004", "collectionId": "28432", "identifiedName": "? Coelurus gracilis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7834", "collectionReferenceId": "7834", "cc": "US", "state": "Maryland", "county": "Prince George's", "formation": "Arundel Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Potomac", "collection_name": "Coffin's Engine Bank, Swampoodle", "collection_aka": "Swamp Poodle, Coffin's Old Engine Bank, Singewald no. 243, Muirkirk", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Originall described as \"Potomac Formation\" and \"Upper Jurassic.\"\r\nPalynology of the Potomac Group suggests a late Aptian age for the Arundel facies (Brenner, 1963; Doyle and Robbins, 1977; Hochuli et al., 2006; Doyle, 2012)", "geogcomments": "Swampoodle (= Swamp Poodle), at Coffin's Old Engine Bank, a large iron-ore mine. On property of George Donaldson and Charles E. Coffin (in 1911), 2 mi. E of Beltsville; \"an area about three-quarters of a mile long and a quarter of a mile wide.\"" }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "408068", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Coelurus fragilis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7814", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "408089", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Coelurus agilis", "acceptedName": "Coelurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "408401", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Coelurus agilis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12248", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "408763", "collectionId": "39347", "identifiedName": "\"Coelurus fragilis\"", "acceptedName": "Coelurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 8, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-19", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "S 1/2 of sec. 11, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "408773", "collectionId": "12816", "identifiedName": "Coelurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Coelurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13451", "collectionReferenceId": "10624", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 9, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Mammal Quarry, WY-15", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle upper part of the Morrison series; Unit B", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of sec. 12, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "408854", "collectionId": "39370", "identifiedName": "? Coelurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17150", "collectionReferenceId": "7814", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 12, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Robber's Roost, WY-29, Robber's Gulch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 of sec. 18, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "490806", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "cf. Coelurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63749", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "536122", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Coelurus fragilis", "acceptedName": "Coelurus fragilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14954", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "1033197", "collectionId": "126540", "identifiedName": "cf. Coelurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41030", "collectionReferenceId": "41030", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dana Quarry", "collection_aka": "DQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 6-9 m above contact w/underlying Sundance Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dana Quarry, near Ten Sleep; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 6, T48N, R89W (title incorrectly states Big Horn Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "1561461", "collectionId": "220417", "identifiedName": "Coelurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76997", "collectionReferenceId": "76998", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aaron Scott Quarry [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. Em466V", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "Aaron Scott Quarry, on W flank of San Rafael Swell, SE of Ferron" }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "1620757", "collectionId": "14376", "identifiedName": "\"Coelurus\" gracilis", "acceptedName": "Coelurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30610", "collectionReferenceId": "83879", "cc": "US", "state": "Maryland", "county": "Prince George's", "formation": "Arundel Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Potomac", "collection_name": "Cherokee-Sanford Brick Clay Pit (USNM Loc. 41614, 41615)", "collection_aka": "Hotton locality; Dinosaur Park, M-NCPPC, Washington Brick Company; Muirkirk", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Palynology of the Potomac Group suggests a late Aptian age for the Arundel facies (Brenner, 1963; Doyle and Robbins, 1977; Hochuli et al., 2006; Doyle, 2012)\r\nArundel Clay facies of the Patuxent Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous).", "geogcomments": "\"east of US route 1 and south of Contee Road, Muirkirk\"; \"on south side of B & O tracks in Muirkirk.\"\r\nStation 16 in Brenner (1963).\r\nUSNM locality 41614 (39°04'14\"N 76°52'08\"W), open-pit clay mine near Muirkirk, near the O'Brien and Hooff ore banks in Singewald (1911). Later the Washington Brick Company brick pit, then the Cherokee-Sanford Brick Clay Pit, presently Dinosaur Park (M-NCPPC)i" }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "1629379", "collectionId": "230770", "identifiedName": "Coelurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Claw Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 3c, Breakfast Bench", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 5.; along Breakfast Bench" }, { "genusId": "38528", "genus": "Coelurus", "occurrenceId": "1633449", "collectionId": "231548", "identifiedName": "Coelurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Coelurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sean Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 13c", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 5" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "diet", "reason": "No defensible diet clue is currently supported." } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Coelurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "genus:38528" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "67690", "name": "Colepiocephale", "displayName": "Colepiocephale", "attribution": "Sullivan 2003", "rawAttribution": "Sullivan 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67690", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosauridae", "Colepiocephale" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38782", "38783", "67690" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67690", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Colepiocephale", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67690" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "67690", "genus": "Colepiocephale", "occurrenceId": "566961", "collectionId": "59378", "identifiedName": "Colepiocephale lambei", "acceptedName": "Colepiocephale lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14453", "collectionReferenceId": "17044", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Chin Choulee (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "Chin Coulee", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "3/4 mile northeast of Foremost, South Alberta" }, { "genusId": "67690", "genus": "Colepiocephale", "occurrenceId": "566962", "collectionId": "59379", "identifiedName": "Colepiocephale lambei", "acceptedName": "Colepiocephale lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14453", "collectionReferenceId": "17044", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Grassy Lake (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67690", "genus": "Colepiocephale", "occurrenceId": "606150", "collectionId": "64654", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras lambei n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Colepiocephale lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12112", "collectionReferenceId": "62453", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Bow Island Ferry (NMC)", "collection_aka": "S. lambei type, South Saskatchewan River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "200-300 ft below top of formation", "geogcomments": "3 mi below Bow Island Ferry, South Saskatchewan River" }, { "genusId": "67690", "genus": "Colepiocephale", "occurrenceId": "638244", "collectionId": "59378", "identifiedName": "cf. Colepiocephale lambei", "acceptedName": "Colepiocephale lambei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14453", "collectionReferenceId": "17044", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Chin Choulee (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "Chin Coulee", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "3/4 mile northeast of Foremost, South Alberta" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosauridae", "Colepiocephale" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38538", "name": "Compsognathus", "displayName": "Compsognathus", "attribution": "Wagner 1861", "rawAttribution": "Wagner 1861", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38538", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Compsognathidae", "Compsognathus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "38537", "38538" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Keep defensible genus-specific guilds, normalize insectivore/piscivore to animal-based with qualifiers, and apply Lesothosaurus/Silesaurus overrides. 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Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38538", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Compsognathus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38538" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38538", "genus": "Compsognathus", "occurrenceId": "372429", "collectionId": "35262", "identifiedName": "Compsognathus corallestris n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Compsognathus longipes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9478", "collectionReferenceId": "9478", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Var", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Canjuers-Les Bessons quarry (micronatum biozone)", "collection_aka": "C. corallestris type site", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "unnamed limestone bed, \"Portlandian\", mucronatum ammonite zone", "geogcomments": "limestone quarry (or quarries) near Bessons, near Aiguine, at border of the \"Petit Plan\" du Canjuers; owned by the Ghirardi family; NW of Draguignan" }, { "genusId": "38538", "genus": "Compsognathus", "occurrenceId": "403130", "collectionId": "24563", "identifiedName": "Compsognathus sp.", "acceptedName": "Compsognathus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10386", "collectionReferenceId": "6907", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Guimarota", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two lignite coal layers wth vertebrate fossils. Dated as Oxfordian based on microflora, Kimmeridgian based on ostracods. Recent work (Schudack 1993) favors Kimmeridgian.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38538", "genus": "Compsognathus", "occurrenceId": "557162", "collectionId": "57682", "identifiedName": "Compsognathus longipes n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Compsognathus longipes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26303", "collectionReferenceId": "58954", "cc": "DE", "state": "Bayern", "county": "", "formation": "Painten", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Compsognathus type, Kapfelberg (BSP)", "collection_aka": "Kelheim", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Reisdorf & Wuttke: \"Because of its uncertain origin, neither its biostratigraphical age nor its lithostratigraphic classification is considered certain (Fig. 2). If it originated in Jachenhausen, then it can be considered to be from the Painten Formation (Zandt Member; cf. Zeiss 1977), and thus of an assumed Early Tithonian age (Rueppellianus Zone, Riedense or Early Rueppellianus Subzone) (G. Schweigert, personal communication 2011). On the other hand, if it came from the Kelheim area, then it is either from the lithostratigraphic equivalent of the uppermost Kimmeridgian of the Kapfelberg locality, or from the Lower Tithonian plattenkalks of the Goldberg locality (cf. Röper 2005a; Schweigert 2007). Since Kapfelberg has delivered a great quantity of reptile finds, it is the more probable locality (cf. Abel 1922; Kemp 2001). Whatever the case, both of these Plattenkalk deposits are considered part of the Painten Formation (G. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "494520", "name": "Comptonatus", "displayName": "Comptonatus", "attribution": "Lockwood et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Lockwood et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=494520", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Comptonatus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "494520" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=494520", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Comptonatus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=494520" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "494520", "genus": "Comptonatus", "occurrenceId": "1659876", "collectionId": "235576", "identifiedName": "Comptonatus chasei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Comptonatus chasei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "88932", "collectionReferenceId": "88932", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Compton Bay Comptonatus", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper part of the Wessex Formation, within the \"plant debris bed\", \"middle\" Barremian", "geogcomments": "from a plant debris bed on National Trust property to the west of the fault in Compton Bay, and close\r\n(c. 50 m) to where IWCMS 2013.175, a skeleton of Valdosaurus canaliculatus Galton, 1977 (Barrett, 2016) was excavated the previous year (locality 235262). " } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Comptonatus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "170753", "name": "Concavenator", "displayName": "Concavenator", "attribution": "Ortega et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Ortega et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=170753", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Concavenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "64112", "65363", "170753" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=170753", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Concavenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=170753" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "170753", "genus": "Concavenator", "occurrenceId": "883034", "collectionId": "28006", "identifiedName": "Concavenator corcovatus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Concavenator corcovatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33846", "collectionReferenceId": "7671", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla-La Mancha", "county": "Cuenca", "formation": "La Huérguina", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Las Hoyas (MCCM collection)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "also called \"Calizas de La Huérgina Formation\" or \"La Huérgina Limestones Formations\"", "geogcomments": "La Cierva township, 20 km E of Cuenca, in the Castellana Branch of the Iberian Range" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Concavenator" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Carcharodontosauridae", "genus:170753" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170753" ], "candidateIds": [ "170753" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "67258", "name": "Conchoraptor", "displayName": "Conchoraptor", "attribution": "Barsbold 1986", "rawAttribution": "Barsbold 1986", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67258", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Oviraptoridae", "Heyuanninae", "Conchoraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "38557", "427203", "67258" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. A blanket verified omnivore label is too strong; preserve potential animal supplementation and genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Broad period only. Late Cretaceous Allow broad Mongolia/Baruungoyot clue, preserving possible Nemegt competitors.; Do not conflate Nemegt Basin or Nemegt locality with Nemegt Formation.; Do not transfer Heyuannia postcrania in composite mounts to Conchoraptor.", "references": [ { "title": "Foster, Norell & Balanoff (2025), Two New Specimens of Conchoraptor gracilis", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1206/4033.1", "url": "https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/737b41aa-b4ba-4e22-93a6-48820a300530", "access": "Full museum-repository primary PDF downloaded and read, printed pp.2–3,53–57", "localFile": "/workspace/scratch/df61339eaede/conchoraptor2025-final.pdf" }, { "title": "Fanti et al. 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Keep possible Nemegt referral alongside certain Baruungoyot records." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Allow broad Mongolia/Baruungoyot clue, preserving possible Nemegt competitors.; Do not conflate Nemegt Basin or Nemegt locality with Nemegt Formation.; Do not transfer Heyuannia postcrania in composite mounts to Conchoraptor.", "references": [ { "title": "Foster, Norell & Balanoff (2025), Two New Specimens of Conchoraptor gracilis", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1206/4033.1", "url": "https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/737b41aa-b4ba-4e22-93a6-48820a300530", "access": "Full museum-repository primary PDF downloaded and read, printed pp.2–3,53–57", "localFile": "/workspace/scratch/df61339eaede/conchoraptor2025-final.pdf" }, { "title": "Fanti et al. 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G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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"stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 5, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian; 1.5 mi S of river and 2 mi above Happy Jack Ferry" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564419", "collectionId": "58905", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus intermedius", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus intermedius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12343", "collectionReferenceId": "12343", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 14, Happy Jack Ferry", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 96, ROM, U.T.10, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 3, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian; W side of River, 1 mi above Happy Jack Ferry, 200 ft above water" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", 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Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 30, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 23, ROM, U.T.20, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 21, T21N, R12W, W 4th meridian; W side of river, 3 mi belo Steveville, 50 ft above water" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565022", "collectionId": "59007", "identifiedName": "Tetragonosaurus cranibrevis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12118", "collectionReferenceId": "12118", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 65, Berry Creek", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 28, NMC, G.S.C.17, Steveville", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 21, T21N, R12W, W 4th meridian; 2.25 mi S of mouth of Berry Creek, 140 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565023", "collectionId": "59008", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus intermedius", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus intermedius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54993", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 67, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 72, G.S.C.19, NMC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 31, T20N, R11W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565024", "collectionId": "59009", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus intermedius", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus intermedius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 68, Little Sandhill Creek", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 68, NMC, G.S.C.20, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 31, T20N, R11W, W 4th meridian; ca. 3 mi S of mouth of Little Sandhill Creek, 210 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565098", "collectionId": "59017", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33225", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 82, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 108, G.S.C.28", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "N 1/2, sec 1, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565159", "collectionId": "59048", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9597", "collectionReferenceId": "9597", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 111, Sand Creek (125 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 84, A.M.9, AMNH", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally listed as Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "Sand Creek, 12 mi below Steveville, Red Deer River, 12550 ft above river level" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565162", "collectionId": "59050", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15355", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 115 (ROM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565164", "collectionId": "59052", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15355", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 117 (ROM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12U, 466398mE, 5622330mN" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565496", "collectionId": "59106", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus intermedius", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus intermedius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54993", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 128, east of Display House 4", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from sandstone ridge located 10 m E of Display House #4" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565520", "collectionId": "59120", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 150", "collection_aka": "U-4, U004", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565608", "collectionId": "59144", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 174", "collection_aka": "U045", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "592337", "collectionId": "62721", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus excavatus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12046", "collectionReferenceId": "12046", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sand Creek (UA)", "collection_aka": "RTMP Quarry 259", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from near Sand Creek, Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647945", "collectionId": "70054", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (125 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "125 ft above R bank, Sand Creek, Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1124576", "collectionId": "142499", "identifiedName": "Procheneosaurus erectofrons", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Pondera", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "17 miles southwest of Cut Bank", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "17 miles southwest of Cut Bank" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1171642", "collectionId": "150978", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus casuarius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "7 miles north of Jenner [GSC/NMC]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "7 miles north of Jenner" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1625944", "collectionId": "230098", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84647", "collectionReferenceId": "84647", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Fergus", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "Coal Ridge", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "OUSM-FV-001 quarry (private ranch)", "collection_aka": "8 km north of Winifred", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "OUSM-FV-001 was discovered on a private ranch approximately 8 km north of Winifred, Montana, approximately 8.5 km NNE of the Spiclypeus shipporum holotype locality (Mallon et al., 2016), and is also several hundred meters away from the “Ava” centrosaur quarry, which was collected by Triebold Paleontology, Inc" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1625949", "collectionId": "230102", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84647", "collectionReferenceId": "84647", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "Coal Ridge", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "ROM 77978 quarry (private ranch)", "collection_aka": "9 km east of Havre; Little Boxelder Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "approximately the middle of the Coal Ridge Member of the Judith River Formation", "geogcomments": "Approximately 9 km to the East of the town of Havre, Hill County, Montana. The quarry is located in badlands along the Little Boxelder Creek, on the west arm of a north–south oriented coulee system and on the east side of a large dry island, approximately 3 km upstream from its merger with the Milk River" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2048077", "collectionId": "52475", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "13165", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "150 ft above R bank, Little Sandhill Creek (Sand Creek), Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2048079", "collectionId": "276671", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (100 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "100 ft above R bank, Sand Creek, Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38760", "genus": "Corythosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2048278", "collectionId": "52484", "identifiedName": "Corythosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Corythosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (175 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "R bank Sand Creek, 175 ft above river, 12 mi below Steveville, near Red Deer River" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Lambeosaurini", "Corythosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "lambeosaurin-name-normalization", "rationale": "Corythosaurini and Lambeosaurini represent approximate synonyms, not two independently separated tribes; standardize to registered Lambeosaurini.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Lambeosaurinae", "clade:Lambeosaurini", "genus:38760" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "candidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38746", "name": "Craspedodon", "displayName": "Craspedodon", "attribution": "Dollo 1883", "rawAttribution": "Dollo 1883", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38746", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Iguanodontoidea", "Craspedodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "52810", "38746" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38808", "name": "Dacentrurus", "displayName": "Dacentrurus", "attribution": "Lucas 1902", "rawAttribution": "Lucas 1902", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38808", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Neostegosauria", "Dacentrurinae", "Dacentrurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "38803", "519743", "81342", "38808" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38808", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dacentrurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38808" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "478161", "collectionId": "47420", "identifiedName": "Omosaurus lennieri n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53021", "collectionReferenceId": "13120", "cc": "FR", "state": "Haute-Normandie", "county": "Seine-Maritime", "formation": "Argiles d'Octeville", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Brière, Octeville beach", "collection_aka": "Cap de la Hève", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formation = Lower Kimmeridge Clay in part; Aulacostephanus mutabilis zone; also listed as \"Argiles à Ammonites\"", "geogcomments": "on beach at La Brière, Octeville, 30 m N of Etapeniers Road (Chemin des Etapenier), Cap de la Hève, Normandy." }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "478162", "collectionId": "47421", "identifiedName": "Omosaurus armatus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14124", "collectionReferenceId": "14124", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Wiltshire", "formation": "Kimmeridge Clay", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Swindon Brick and Tile Company brick pit", "collection_aka": "Omosaurus/Dacentrurus type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "exact horizon unknown, but believed to be Aulacostephanus pseduomutabilis and/or Rasenia mutabilis Zones (now = Aulacostephanus eudoxus and Aulacostephanus mutabilis Zones)", "geogcomments": "brick pit of Swindon Brick and Tile Co., foot of Old Swindon Hill, W end of Swindon Hills, adjoining the Wilts and Berks Canal. Approx. NGR SU 142 838. Swindon, Wiltshire, England" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "478165", "collectionId": "47423", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus lennieri", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12728", "collectionReferenceId": "12728", "cc": "FR", "state": "Haute-Normandie", "county": "Seine-Maritime", "formation": "Argiles d'Octeville", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Brière cliffs, Octeville", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unit equivalent to Lower Kimmeridge Clay; Aulacostephanus mutabilis Zone", "geogcomments": "base of cliffs at La Brière, Octeville, Cap de la Hève, Normandy; 1 km NE from cliff area of 1899 stegosaur site" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "485015", "collectionId": "48557", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus longispinus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Miragaia longispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "10606", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Natrona", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Alcova Quarry (UW)", "collection_aka": "Stegosaurus longispinus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "1.5 mi. (2.4 km) E of Alcova, Natrona Co., WY, near Alcova Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "489229", "collectionId": "49215", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29301", "collectionReferenceId": "45822", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Alfeizerão", "collection_aka": "Alfeizerao", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"? Middle Kimmeridgian to lower Upper Kimmeridgian\"; layer C3", "geogcomments": "1.5 km E (elsewhere listed as 1 km SE) of Alfeizerão church, from an old exploratory coal shaft that opens into a ravine emerging into the plain immediately S of the curve that marks the beginning of the rise on the route to Alcobaça; near São Martinho do Porto" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "489236", "collectionId": "49219", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29301", "collectionReferenceId": "13143", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Murteiras, Foz do Arelho", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"? middle Upper Kimmeridgian\" in Galton 1991 but could be either Alcobaça or Bombarral Fm.\r\n\r\nLourinhã Fm is considered late Kimmeridgian-late Tithonian and it incorporates the Alcobaça Fm (Kimmeridgian) and the Bombarral Fm (also known as Grés Superiores; late Tithonian-early Berrisian). Taylor et al. 2013 suggested the Lourinhã Fm be subdivided into members, but Mateus et al. 2017 proposed a revised stratiraphy of the Luisitanian Basin. The Alcobaça Formation is Late Kimmeridigan and overlain by the Lourinha Formation. The Lourinhã Formation is made up of the Praia da Amoreira and Porto Novo (late Kimmeridgian) members, Praia Azul member (latest Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian) and the Assenta member (late Tithonian-earliest Berrisian). The Lourinha Formation is overlain by the Porto da Calada Formation (Berrisian).", "geogcomments": "in the Murteiras ravine, which terminates at the maritime cliff N of Foz do Arelho; site is 550 m N10°E of the ruined Eirinhas windmill and 1075 m W10°S of the Bouro geodesic signal" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "489242", "collectionId": "49221", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29301", "collectionReferenceId": "52134", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pedras Muitas, Baléal", "collection_aka": "Baleal, Pedras Moitas", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"? middle Upper Kimmeridgian\"", "geogcomments": "at the summit of the Pedras Muitas (= Moitas) cliff, ca. 1500 m E of Baleal. Found during an archaeological reconnaissance." }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "565464", "collectionId": "39423", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82562", "collectionReferenceId": "16835", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valencia", "county": "Aras de los Olmos", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Cañada, Barranco de Escáiz", "collection_aka": "Escaiz, Losilla de Aras, La Carnicera, Los Serranos, Losilla I", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally described as from the \"Wealden\" Collado Fm.\r\n\r\nAge of Villar del Arzobispo Formation constrained to Kimmeridgian-Tithonian by Campos-Soto et al. (2017), rather than Tithonian-Berriasian of older literature", "geogcomments": "La Cañada site, 800 m from Losilla, left margin of the barranco de Escáiz, municipality of Aras de Alpuente, Los Serranos basin, Valencia; coordinates given as X = 662.000, Y = 4.426.000, Z = 980 m" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "565465", "collectionId": "59089", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29301", "collectionReferenceId": "41127", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valencia", "county": "Alpuente", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cerrito de Olmo I, Aldea", "collection_aka": "La Almeza, Cerrito del Olmo", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. assigned to the \"Purbeck facies\", also referred to \"Weald\" and to \"Formación arenas y arcillas de El Collado\". Later referred to the Villar del Arzobispo Fm.", "geogcomments": "in the aldea de La Almeza, Alpuente, Valencia" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "583477", "collectionId": "61364", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70303", "collectionReferenceId": "70303", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valencia", "county": "Alpuente", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cerrito de Olmo II, Aldea", "collection_aka": "Cerrito del Olmo II", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Purbeck facies\"", "geogcomments": "in the aldea de La Almeza, Alpuente, Valencia" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "632253", "collectionId": "68019", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82563", "collectionReferenceId": "19463", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Barrihonda–El Humero, RD-10", "collection_aka": "Riodeva", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Age of Villar del Arzobispo Formation constrained to Kimmeridgian-Tithonian by Campos-Soto et al. (2017), rather than Tithonian-Berriasian of older literature", "geogcomments": "UTM 659049 4443553; sauropod remains all found within an area of 280 m2" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "691649", "collectionId": "74502", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24990", "collectionReferenceId": "24990", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Lisboa", "formation": "Freixial", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Moçanfaneira, Torres Vedras", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a \"transition zone\" between the Sobral and Freixial Formations, Lourinhá Group; in the highest part of the Everticyclammina virguliana Biozone (probably now the Arranho Mb.)", "geogcomments": "found by farm workers on a vineyard located in the urban nucleus zone of the Moçanfaneira locality, Torres Vedras, W-central Portugal. Site is SW of city of Torres Vedras" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "705735", "collectionId": "61407", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29301", "collectionReferenceId": "29949", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Piedrahita de Muñó", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tera", "collection_name": "Tenada Tizuela", "collection_aka": "Aldea del Pinar, Tenada de la Tizuela", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SE of Aldea del Pinar, from a cultivated field in Hontoria del Pinar, Burgos" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "708310", "collectionId": "49253", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25691", "collectionReferenceId": "13143", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Freixial", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Porto Novo, Maceira", "collection_aka": "Porto Nova", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"upper Upper Kimmeridgian to lower Lower Tithonian\"; orig. Sobral Mb. of Farta Pao Fm., then assigned to Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Fm./Mb.", "geogcomments": "Porto Novo (Maceira), Torres Vedras, Turcifal Sub-basin" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "708901", "collectionId": "75968", "identifiedName": "Omosaurus lennieri", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13143", "collectionReferenceId": "42901", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Porto de Mos", "collection_aka": "Porto de Mós, Porto de Moz, Porto-de-Moz, Porto do Mos", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"upper Upper Kimmeridgian to lower Lower Tithonian\" in Galton 1991\r\n\r\nLourinhã Fm is considered late Kimmeridgian-late Tithonian and it incorporates the Alcobaça Fm (Kimmeridgian) and the Bombarral Fm (also known as Grés Superiores; late Tithonian-early Berrisian). Taylor et al. 2013 suggested the Lourinhã Fm be subdivided into members, but Mateus et al. 2017 proposed a revised stratiraphy of the Luisitanian Basin. The Alcobaça Formation is Late Kimmeridigan and overlain by the Lourinha Formation. The Lourinhã Formation is made up of the Praia da Amoreira and Porto Novo (late Kimmeridgian) members, Praia Azul member (latest Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian) and the Assenta member (late Tithonian-earliest Berrisian). The Lourinha Formation is overlain by the Porto da Calada Formation (Berrisian).", "geogcomments": "Porto de Mos (= Porto de Moz), S of Leiria, Bombarral Sub-basin" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "800075", "collectionId": "87089", "identifiedName": "Miragaia longicollum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29300", "collectionReferenceId": "29300", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Lisboa", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Miragaia", "collection_aka": "Lourinhã", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unofficial \"Miragaia Member\" but then Sobral Mb. of Farta Pao Fm.", "geogcomments": "along secondary road linking villages of Miragaia and Sobral, Lourinhã municipality; Bombarral-Alcobaça Sub-basin" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "829078", "collectionId": "91396", "identifiedName": "aff. Dacentrurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82562", "collectionReferenceId": "30763", "cc": "ES", "state": "Teruel", "county": "", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "El Romeral, RD-3", "collection_aka": "Riodeva", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Age of Villar del Arzobispo Formation constrained to Kimmeridgian-Tithonian by Campos-Soto et al. (2017), rather than Tithonian-Berriasian of older literature", "geogcomments": "southern Teruel" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1133809", "collectionId": "67107", "identifiedName": "? Omosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19134", "collectionReferenceId": "19135", "cc": "FR", "state": "Nord-Pas-de-Calais", "county": "Pas-de-Calais", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Châtillon (Kimm)", "collection_aka": "Boulogne-sur-mer, Boulonnais", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Thracis depressa beds\"", "geogcomments": "Châtillon, near Boulogne" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1147452", "collectionId": "146261", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47244", "collectionReferenceId": "47244", "cc": "ES", "state": "Teruel", "county": "", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Barranco Conejero (RD-46)", "collection_aka": "Riodeva", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Age of Villar del Arzobispo Formation constrained to Kimmeridgian-Tithonian by Campos-Soto et al. (2017), rather than Tithonian-Berriasian of older literature", "geogcomments": "southern Teruel, near Riodeva" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1214509", "collectionId": "157885", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82563", "collectionReferenceId": "41921", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragon", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Quineta 2 (RD-44)", "collection_aka": "Riodeva", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Age of Villar del Arzobispo Formation constrained to Kimmeridgian-Tithonian by Campos-Soto et al. (2017), rather than Tithonian-Berriasian of older literature", "geogcomments": "La Quineta , Riodeva, southern Teruel" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1214510", "collectionId": "157886", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82563", "collectionReferenceId": "41921", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragon", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Prado de las Arenas (RD-16)", "collection_aka": "Riodeva", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Age of Villar del Arzobispo Formation constrained to Kimmeridgian-Tithonian by Campos-Soto et al. (2017), rather than Tithonian-Berriasian of older literature", "geogcomments": "Prado de las Arenas, Riodeva, southern Teruel" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1418246", "collectionId": "196439", "identifiedName": "? Alcovasaurus longispinus", "acceptedName": "Miragaia longispinus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66803", "collectionReferenceId": "66803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Griffin Ranch", "collection_aka": "Bone Cabin Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Griffin Ranch, near Bone Cabin Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1554269", "collectionId": "39423", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82562", "collectionReferenceId": "16835", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valencia", "county": "Aras de los Olmos", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Cañada, Barranco de Escáiz", "collection_aka": "Escaiz, Losilla de Aras, La Carnicera, Los Serranos, Losilla I", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally described as from the \"Wealden\" Collado Fm.\r\n\r\nAge of Villar del Arzobispo Formation constrained to Kimmeridgian-Tithonian by Campos-Soto et al. (2017), rather than Tithonian-Berriasian of older literature", "geogcomments": "La Cañada site, 800 m from Losilla, left margin of the barranco de Escáiz, municipality of Aras de Alpuente, Los Serranos basin, Valencia; coordinates given as X = 662.000, Y = 4.426.000, Z = 980 m" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1554277", "collectionId": "49219", "identifiedName": "Omosaurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13143", "collectionReferenceId": "13143", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Murteiras, Foz do Arelho", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"? middle Upper Kimmeridgian\" in Galton 1991 but could be either Alcobaça or Bombarral Fm.\r\n\r\nLourinhã Fm is considered late Kimmeridgian-late Tithonian and it incorporates the Alcobaça Fm (Kimmeridgian) and the Bombarral Fm (also known as Grés Superiores; late Tithonian-early Berrisian). Taylor et al. 2013 suggested the Lourinhã Fm be subdivided into members, but Mateus et al. 2017 proposed a revised stratiraphy of the Luisitanian Basin. The Alcobaça Formation is Late Kimmeridigan and overlain by the Lourinha Formation. The Lourinhã Formation is made up of the Praia da Amoreira and Porto Novo (late Kimmeridgian) members, Praia Azul member (latest Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian) and the Assenta member (late Tithonian-earliest Berrisian). The Lourinha Formation is overlain by the Porto da Calada Formation (Berrisian).", "geogcomments": "in the Murteiras ravine, which terminates at the maritime cliff N of Foz do Arelho; site is 550 m N10°E of the ruined Eirinhas windmill and 1075 m W10°S of the Bouro geodesic signal" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1554280", "collectionId": "219236", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29301", "collectionReferenceId": "13143", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Lisboa", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Montoito windmill, Peralta beach", "collection_aka": "Atalaia, Praia de Peralta", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. Sobral Mb.", "geogcomments": "on the flank of a ravine S of the geodesic windmill-signal of Montoito, S end of Peralta beach" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1554282", "collectionId": "88192", "identifiedName": "Omosaurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13143", "collectionReferenceId": "13143", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Lisboa", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vale de Portinheiro (bed C11)", "collection_aka": "Porto Dinheiro, Carrasqueira", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Vale de Portinheiro at Carrasqueira" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1554283", "collectionId": "49244", "identifiedName": "Omosaurus lennieri", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13143", "collectionReferenceId": "46682", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pombal, Castro", "collection_aka": "Pembal, Pembel, Crasto, Vale de Portinheiro", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Malm\"\r\n\r\nLourinhã Fm is considered late Kimmeridgian-late Tithonian and it incorporates the Alcobaça Fm (Kimmeridgian) and the Bombarral Fm (also known as Grés Superiores; late Tithonian-early Berrisian). Taylor et al. 2013 suggested the Lourinhã Fm be subdivided into members, but Mateus et al. 2017 proposed a revised stratiraphy of the Luisitanian Basin. The Alcobaça Formation is Late Kimmeridigan and overlain by the Lourinha Formation. The Lourinhã Formation is made up of the Praia da Amoreira and Porto Novo (late Kimmeridgian) members, Praia Azul member (latest Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian) and the Assenta member (late Tithonian-earliest Berrisian). The Lourinha Formation is overlain by the Porto da Calada Formation (Berrisian).", "geogcomments": "Pombal, environs of Crasto/Castro, in the Vale de Portinheiro" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1569274", "collectionId": "221549", "identifiedName": "Miragaia longicollum", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77624", "collectionReferenceId": "12666", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Santa Rita-Assenta", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Atouguia de Baleia", "collection_aka": "Ateugina da Baleia", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Bombarral Formation.\r\nAlso assigned to Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Fm. (Mocho et al. 2016)", "geogcomments": "possible site marked on historical map, ca. 1 km NE from center of Atouguia de Baleia" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1604604", "collectionId": "142093", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82353", "collectionReferenceId": "46154", "cc": "FR", "state": "Poitou-Charentes", "county": "Charente", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Angeac-Charente", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Gardonian\". Original stratigraphy used layers An1 to An5, top to bottom: An 1 (fine sand), An 2 (calcareous), An 3 (calcareous conglomerate), An 4 (lignitic clay), and An 5 (green clay). These were redefined in 2020 with a new system, bottom to top, so that: An 5 = Unit 1; An 4 is split into Unit 2 (sandy clay) and Unit 3 (lignitic clay with lenses); An 2 + An 3 = Unit 4. An 5 is no longer present. The bonebed represents units 2, 3, and 4.\r\nFrom Allain et al. 2022: The recently proposed earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian) age of the Angeac-Charente locality, based on both charophytes and palynomorphs (Benoit et al. 2017; Polette et al. 2018), is here confirmed by the vertebrate fauna.", "geogcomments": "700 m N of village of Angeac-Charente, between Cognac and Angoulême" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1606201", "collectionId": "227113", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94658", "collectionReferenceId": "82562", "cc": "ES", "state": "Teruel", "county": "", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Están de Colón, RD-34", "collection_aka": "Riodeva", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Age of Villar del Arzobispo Formation constrained to Kimmeridgian-Tithonian by Campos-Soto et al. (2017), rather than Tithonian-Berriasian of older literature. Site in the upper half of the formation", "geogcomments": "southern Teruel, near Riodeva" }, { "genusId": "38808", "genus": "Dacentrurus", "occurrenceId": "1663769", "collectionId": "236288", "identifiedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Dacentrurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47244", "collectionReferenceId": "47244", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "San Cristóbal (CT-28)", "collection_aka": "Teruel, Spain", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian sensu Campos-Soto et al. 2017, 2019) overlies the oncolitic limestone unit Higueruelas Formation (Kimmeridgian\r\nsensu Campos-Soto et al. 2016, Pacios et al. 2018).", "geogcomments": "San Cristóbal (CT-28) site in the municipality of El Castellar, province of Teruel, Aragón, Spain." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "The 2026 eastern Iberia review endorses Miragaia longicollum = Dacentrurus armatus, but Costa 2026 retains Miragaia. Dacentrurus itself remains valid under both frameworks; do not add the American longispinus type to Dacentrurus.", "references": [ { "id": "sanchezfenollosa2026", "title": "The plated dinosaurs (Ornithischia, Stegosauria) of eastern Iberia (Spain): Taxonomy, diversity, and ecology", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-03", "doi": "10.26879/1637", "url": "https://www.palaeo-electronica.org/content/2026/5818-stegosaurs-of-eastern-iberia", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Introduction taxonomic review", "Systematic palaeontology", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Accepted 2026-03-10. Endorses the 2025 Miragaia longicollum = Dacentrurus armatus proposal but explicitly does not support synonymising Alcovasaurus with Dacentrurus." }, { "id": "costa2026", "title": "Dacentrurine Stegosaurs in North America: New Occurrences from the Upper Jurassic of USA (Morrison Formation)", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-27", "doi": "10.3390/d18030143", "url": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_d/2026/diversity-18-00143_dd.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Miragaia longispinus systematics", "UW 20503 comparisons", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "costamateus2019", "title": "Dacentrurine stegosaurs: a new specimen of Miragaia longicollum from the Late Jurassic of Portugal resolves taxonomical validity and shows the occurrence of the clade in North America", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0224263", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0224263", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Systematics", "Miragaia validity", "Alcovasaurus comparison" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Neostegosauria", "Dacentrurinae", "Dacentrurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Stegosauridae", "clade:Neostegosauria", "clade:Dacentrurinae", "genus:38808" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38808" ], "candidateIds": [ "38808" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "182712", "name": "Daemonosaurus", "displayName": "Daemonosaurus", "attribution": "Sues et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Sues et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=182712", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Daemonosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "182712" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Osteological revision explicitly infers carnivory from distinctive teeth.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Daemonosaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D10", "title": "The osteology of the early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early dinosaurs", "authors": "Nesbitt and Sues", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa080", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/1/150/5879911", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; feeding discussion read; online publication 2020, volume 2021", "dietSupport": "Carnivory inferred from unusual procumbent dentition. Also supports comparisons with predatory Tawa/Chindesaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view3", "turn591view1" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": null, "primaryInterpretation": "carnivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=182712", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Daemonosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=182712" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "182712", "genus": "Daemonosaurus", "occurrenceId": "935231", "collectionId": "48422", "identifiedName": "Daemonosaurus chauliodus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Daemonosaurus chauliodus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35814", "collectionReferenceId": "5707", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Siltstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ghost Ranch Quarry", "collection_aka": "Whitaker Quarry, Coelophysis Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Apachean LVF. Has been placed variously previously in the \"upper Petrified Forest Member\", in the \"siltstone member\" of the Chinle Formation, the Owl Rock Member and the Rock Point Member. ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 1, T24N, R4E. Ghost Ranch, orig. owned by Arthur N. Pack" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Morphoraptora", "Daemonosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "182712", "rationale": "Both original 2026 matrices support Morphoraptora; avoid forcing contested Herrerasauria root while adding four supported members.", "references": [ { "id": "srivastava2026", "title": "A new taxon of saurischian dinosaur from the Coelophysis Quarry of New Mexico", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.70069", "doi": "10.1002/spp2.70069", "year": 2026, "access": "Publisher full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ptychotherates, Tawa, Chindesaurus and Daemonosaurus form Morphoraptora; two matrices disagree on deepest saurischian topology. Morphoraptora sister to Herrerasauridae in both." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Morphoraptora", "genus:182712" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "candidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "265640", "name": "Dahalokely", "displayName": "Dahalokely", "attribution": "Farke and Sertich 2013", "rawAttribution": "Farke and Sertich 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=265640", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Dahalokely" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "138556", "265640" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=265640", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dahalokely", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=265640" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "265640", "genus": "Dahalokely", "occurrenceId": "1127409", "collectionId": "143113", "identifiedName": "Dahalokely tokana n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dahalokely tokana", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46390", "collectionReferenceId": "46390", "cc": "MG", "state": "Antsiranana", "county": "", "formation": "Ambolafotsy", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "near Ampandriambengy", "collection_aka": "Antsiranana", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "The middle, terrestrial unit of the \"Ambolafotsy Formation\", Turonian in age.\nThe section containing the Dahalokely site is informally termed the \"Ambolafotsy Formation\" and is divided into lower, middle (containing the type locality, Figure 1), and upper units [23]. The lower unit has produced several biostratigraphically informative foraminifera, including Whiteinella aprica, W. baltica, Helvetoglobotruncana praehelvetica, and H. helvetica, and the nannofossil Quadrum gartneri [23,25], placing the sample within the Q. gartneri and H. helvetica zones [25]. Relevant biostratigraphic zones and ranges were sourced from Ogg and Lugowski [28], which draws upon data from other published resources (particularly references within [29]), recalibrated to the Geologic Time Scale 2012 [30]. Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica is the most informative of the foraminifera, defining a zone within the latter part of the early Turonian (,93.52–92.99 Ma). The earliest occurrence of Q. gartneri is during the second half of the early Turonian (93.55 Ma), and it persisted into the late Coniacian (,86.44 Ma). Thus, the co-occurrence of these two species suggests that the sediments of the lower unit were deposited during the latter part of the early Turonian (93.52–92.99 Ma). The upper unit contains the ammonite Subprionocyclus neptuni [23,24], a taxon restricted to the late Turonian (90.86–89.77 Ma). Because no biostratigraphically informative microfossils are known from the middle unit yet, these terrestrial deposits may have overlapped temporally with some of the marine biozones. Even so, this biostratigraphic evidence restricts the age of the type locality for Dahalokely to the interval including the latter part of the early Turonian through the late Turonian (93.52– 89.77 Ma).", "geogcomments": "Near Ampandriambengy, around the area of Antsiranana, within the Diego (Ambilobe) Basin of northernmost Madagascar. Precise locality data, available to qualified researchers, are archived at University of Antananarivo and Stony Brook University." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Dahalokely" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauridae", "clade:Brachyrostra", "genus:265640" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "265640" ], "candidateIds": [ "265640" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=171376", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dashanpusaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=171376" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "171376", "genus": "Dashanpusaurus", "occurrenceId": "1091842", "collectionId": "24883", "identifiedName": "Dashanpusaurus dongi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dashanpusaurus dongi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82845", "collectionReferenceId": "6976", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry [lower]", "collection_aka": "Dashanpu Town", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating from this formation (but not this locality), Wang et al. (2018) suggested an Oxfordian age for the lower beds, rather than Middle Jurassic, with 159 ± 2 Ma as the maximum depositional age. However, from a section near the Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry, Ren et al. (2022) documented the youngest age for the zircon sample as 166.0 ± 1.59 Ma, and weighed average ages of the youngest subpopulation under the constraints of 1σ and 2σ are 170.9 ± 0.64 Ma and 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma, with a maximum confidence age of 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma selected as the final result.", "geogcomments": "Dashanpu quarry, 10 km NE of Zigong, Sichuan, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Dashanpusaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "genus:171376" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "523878", "171376", "463192" ], "candidateIds": [ "523878", "171376", "463192" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "520235", "name": "Dasosaurus", "displayName": "Dasosaurus", "attribution": "Mayer et al. 2026", "rawAttribution": "Mayer et al. 2026", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=520235", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Dasosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "520235" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=520235", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dasosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=520235" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "520235", "genus": "Dasosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2064913", "collectionId": "278852", "identifiedName": "Dasosaurus tocantinensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dasosaurus tocantinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94876", "collectionReferenceId": "94876", "cc": "BR", "state": "Northeast", "county": "Davinopolis, Maranhao", "formation": "Itapecuru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dasosaurus-type locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Dasosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "genus:520235" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "520235" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "itapecuru" ], "label": "Itapecuru Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "2064913", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dasosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia", "Brontomerus", "Chubutisaurus", "Ligabuesaurus", "Padillasaurus", "Sauroposeidon", "Triunfosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dasosaurus": [ "2064913" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "520235" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38608", "name": "Daspletosaurus", "displayName": "Daspletosaurus", "attribution": "Russell 1970", "rawAttribution": "Russell 1970", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38608", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Daspletosaurini", "Daspletosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "38606", "65352", "424536", "38608" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38608", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Daspletosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38608" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139261", "collectionId": "11903", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus torosus", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus torosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4205", "collectionReferenceId": "4205", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Manyberries (NMC 11594)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near center of NW 1/4 of section 36, township 1, range 6, W. 4th meridian, about 30 feet below prairie rim, near Manyberries, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139290", "collectionId": "11915", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus torosus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus torosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4205", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 72, Steveville, (NMC)", "collection_aka": "Daspletosaurus type, Sternberg Quarry 88, G.S.C.23", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Steveville, Alberta (now Dinosaur Provincial Park); E 1/2, sec 5, T21, R11, LSD 4" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220100", "collectionId": "22689", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus horneri", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus horneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62031", "collectionReferenceId": "14615", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jack's Birthday Site, MOR TM-068 (bone layer)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1564", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: frm bentonites radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min\r\n\r\nForeman et al. 2008: 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic age data reported for the Two Medicine Formation (Rogers et al., 1993; present study) are consistent with the unit accumulating during most of the Campanian Stage (83.5–70.6 Ma, Gradstein et al., 2004), with deposition definitively commencing prior to 80 Ma and terminating shortly after 74 Ma. ", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "384549", "collectionId": "36608", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9814", "collectionReferenceId": "9814", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Hagans Crossing", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Old Trail Museum locality L-6/Bob's Tuesday Site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, but slightly higher in section than main Seven Mile Hill exposures, which are underlain by a crystal tuff dated at 80.0 ± 0.1 Ma", "geogcomments": "within/S of Seven Mile Hill Badlands, Teton Co. Coordinates are for nearby Choteau." }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517548", "collectionId": "52481", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus torosus", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus torosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4205", "collectionReferenceId": "4205", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (75 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "R bank Sand Creek, 75 ft above river, near Red Deer River, Little Sandhill Creek basin" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517549", "collectionId": "52482", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus torosus", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus torosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4205", "collectionReferenceId": "4205", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "left bank, Sand Creek (75 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "L bank Sand Creek, 75 ft above river, 12 mi below Steveville, near Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "529514", "collectionId": "54100", "identifiedName": "cf. Daspletosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78193", "collectionReferenceId": "14618", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 371, Bentonnie Tsosie Wash", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "584092", "collectionId": "13282", "identifiedName": "cf. Daspletosaurus horneri", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus horneri", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89295", "collectionReferenceId": "4406", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Egg Gulch, MOR TM-008", "collection_aka": "Willow Creek Anticline, WCA", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates are for nearby Egg Mountain, near Choteau, Montana. \"This area is the traditional home of the Niitsítpiis- stahkoii (=Blackfoot/Niitsitapi ), Ktunaxa ?amak?is, and Salish Kootenai (Flathead) peoples.\"" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "584098", "collectionId": "22652", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus horneri n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus horneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62031", "collectionReferenceId": "5724", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Blacktail Creek North, MOR TM-072", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1526, BC/N, Black Tail Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "584103", "collectionId": "22689", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17718", "collectionReferenceId": "14615", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jack's Birthday Site, MOR TM-068 (bone layer)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1564", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: frm bentonites radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min\r\n\r\nForeman et al. 2008: 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic age data reported for the Two Medicine Formation (Rogers et al., 1993; present study) are consistent with the unit accumulating during most of the Campanian Stage (83.5–70.6 Ma, Gradstein et al., 2004), with deposition definitively commencing prior to 80 Ma and terminating shortly after 74 Ma. ", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "586542", "collectionId": "14458", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17857", "collectionReferenceId": "2237", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Natrona", "formation": "Mesaverde", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fales Rocks 1", "collection_aka": "UW V-81006; UCMP V-81101", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "now dated to upper middle Campanian", "geogcomments": "below top of SW slope of hill 6450 (Garfield Park Quad, 1959, 7.5 min.), in NE 1/4, SW 1/4, SW 1/4, Se 1/4, sec 4, T33N, R87W. 37 m SE of Barwin Quarry." }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "632336", "collectionId": "68045", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus horneri", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus horneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76532", "collectionReferenceId": "19504", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Kahn's Cache, TA 1997.002", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation, approx. 385 m above base", "geogcomments": "precise locality information unavailable, so coordinates based on randomly chosen Cretaceous outcrop W of Choteau" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "739174", "collectionId": "47195", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26639", "collectionReferenceId": "12620", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 210, Willow Wash", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Willow Wash, SW 1/4, sec 2, T24N, R12W" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1231958", "collectionId": "162145", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus ", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52782", "collectionReferenceId": "52782", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Red Deer River (TMP 85.62.1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 6, T22N, R13W, 4th meridiain; Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1360633", "collectionId": "184945", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus horneri", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus horneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62031", "collectionReferenceId": "62031", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Sun River (below bonebed) (MOR)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "dated layer is 5.9 m below layer with fossils", "geogcomments": "adjacent to Sun River, N-central Montana, in the Disturbed Belt" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1373087", "collectionId": "11904", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus horneri", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus horneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93147", "collectionReferenceId": "62883", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 236, Steveville (NMC 350)", "collection_aka": "Q236", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. Oldman Formation\n\"CMN 350 was discovered at an elevation that is 49 m above the closest underlying OFm contact. This places CMN 350 comfortably between the Plateau (36 m) and Lethbridge Coal Zone (61.5 m) tuff layers that have U-Pb ages of 75.639 ± 0.025 Ma and 75.017 ± 0.020 Ma, respectively.\"", "geogcomments": "section 31, township 20, range 11, W. 4th meridian; near Steveville, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1380887", "collectionId": "167660", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16964", "collectionReferenceId": "63705", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 223", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 464,026.410 E, 5,621,002.020 N" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1528456", "collectionId": "214293", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus torosus", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus torosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73868", "collectionReferenceId": "73868", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "south side, Red Deer River, Steveville", "collection_aka": "SDNHM, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "probably from the S side of the Red Deer River near Steveville, Alberta (now Dinosaur Provincial Park)" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1621393", "collectionId": "229345", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus wilsoni n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus wilsoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83914", "collectionReferenceId": "83914", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jack’s B2 site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "~30 m below the contact with the overlying Bearpaw Shale\r\n\r\n~76.5 Ma", "geogcomments": "near Glasgow, Valley County, MT, USA" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1687141", "collectionId": "52471", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "91084", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 28, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 18, ROM, U.T.18", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.; lower part of DPF, 4.163 m above contact with Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dinosaur Provincial Park; SE 1/4, sec 29, T21, R12, LSD 4" }, { "genusId": "38608", "genus": "Daspletosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1687143", "collectionId": "59004", "identifiedName": "Daspletosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Daspletosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "91084", "collectionReferenceId": "12046", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 59, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 2, U.A.3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.; now approx. 39 m above Oldman Fm. contact", "geogcomments": "badlands along Red Deer River, 0.75 mi SE of Steveville, 225 ft above river; UTM NAD83 E458172.517, N5631004.186" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Daspletosaurini", "Daspletosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "clade:Tyrannosauridae", "clade:Tyrannosaurinae", "clade:Daspletosaurini", "genus:38608" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38608", "424537" ], "candidateIds": [ "38608", "424537" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "484516", "name": "Datai", "displayName": "Datai", "attribution": "Xing et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Xing et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=484516", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Datai" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "484516" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=484516", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Datai", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=484516" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "484516", "genus": "Datai", "occurrenceId": "1646806", "collectionId": "233580", "identifiedName": "Datai yingliangis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Datai yingliangis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "87590", "collectionReferenceId": "87590", "cc": "CN", "state": "Jiangxi ", "county": "Huichang ", "formation": "Zhoutian", "member": "", "geological_group": "Ganzhou", "collection_name": "Mazhou Site", "collection_aka": "Datai yingliangis Type Locality", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "Xing et al. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=304520", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Datanglong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=304520" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "304520", "genus": "Datanglong", "occurrenceId": "1226371", "collectionId": "161115", "identifiedName": "Datanglong guangxiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Datanglong guangxiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52501", "collectionReferenceId": "52501", "cc": "CN", "state": "Guangxi", "county": "Nanning", "formation": "Xinlong", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nazao village, Datang", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Nazao village, ca. 21 km SW of Datang town, 35 km SE of Napai Basin in the Datang Basin, Nanning city, " } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauria", "Datanglong" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Carcharodontosauria", "genus:304520" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "304520", "399171", "444000" ], "candidateIds": [ "304520", "399171", "444000" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Ca. 220 km E of Chita. 120 m NW of trench 4" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Hypsilophodontidae", "Daurosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "154995", "name": "Daxiatitan", "displayName": "Daxiatitan", "attribution": "You et al. 2008", "rawAttribution": "You et al. 2008", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=154995", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Euhelopodidae", "Daxiatitan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "38699", "154995" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=154995", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Daxiatitan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=154995" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Li et al. (2014), A New Titanosaurian Sauropod from the Hekou Group", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0085979", "access": "full primary text" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "154995", "genus": "Daxiatitan", "occurrenceId": "829375", "collectionId": "91464", "identifiedName": "Daxiatitan binglingi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Daxiatitan binglingi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30807", "collectionReferenceId": "30807", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Hekou", "collection_name": "Daxia, Lanzhou Basin", "collection_aka": "Zhongpu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Daxia (possibly near Bingling Temple), SE Lanzhou Basin", "reviewId": "complete-829375", "sourceValues": { "formation": "Upper" }, "literatureIds": [ "asian-sauropod-12" ] } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Euhelopodidae", "Daxiatitan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Euhelopodidae", "genus:154995" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "154995", "84665", "153669", "288219" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "gansu" ], "label": "Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": "829375", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Gobititan", "Qiaowanlong", "Yongjinglong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Daxiatitan": [ "829375" ], "Gobititan": [ "602121" ], "Qiaowanlong": [ "826709" ], "Yongjinglong": [ "1587594" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Daxiatitan": [ "asian-sauropod-12", "complete-829375" ], "Yongjinglong": [ "asian-sauropod-12", "complete-1587594" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "154995", "84665", "153669", "288219" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38551", "name": "Deinocheirus", "displayName": "Deinocheirus", "attribution": "Kielan-Jaworowska 1969", "rawAttribution": "Kielan-Jaworowska 1969", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38551", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Ornithomimosauria", "Deinocheiridae", "Deinocheirus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "55491", "38550", "38551" ], "diet": { "values": [ "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Fish remains plus plant-feeding skull/gastrolith context", "references": [ { "id": "G8", "title": "Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1038/nature13874", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13874", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "author-institution abstract and publisher summary read", "dietSupport": "Plant-feeding cranial morphology plus fish gut remains support omnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view2", "turn591search13" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "direct-gut-content-plus-anatomy-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38551", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Deinocheirus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38551" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38551", "genus": "Deinocheirus", "occurrenceId": "403400", "collectionId": "38695", "identifiedName": "Deinocheirus mirificus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinocheirus mirificus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63354", "collectionReferenceId": "10137", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula III, site 2 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, AU3002", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper Nemegt beds = Nemegt Fm., \"tentatively placed\" low in formation", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula III, 40 km W of Nemegt, Omnogov (southern Mongolia). 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The GPS coordinate data of the badlands are: N: 43-36-44.6; E: 107-52-27.9; A: 955m.; and N: 43-37-11.4; E: 107-51-41.5; A: 980m." }, { "genusId": "38551", "genus": "Deinocheirus", "occurrenceId": "1272864", "collectionId": "127674", "identifiedName": "Deinocheirus mirificus", "acceptedName": "Deinocheirus mirificus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71125", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-35-50.04; E: 100-27-28.03; A: 1555 m" }, { "genusId": "38551", "genus": "Deinocheirus", "occurrenceId": "2056770", "collectionId": "199805", "identifiedName": "Deinocheirus mirificus", "acceptedName": "Deinocheirus mirificus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "67955", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula III [KID]", "collection_aka": "Altan Uul III", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Deinocheiridae", "Deinocheirus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. Harpymimus assignment not a simple database error." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Ornithomimosauria", "clade:Deinocheiridae", "genus:38551" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38551", "38548", "66669", "476925" ], "candidateIds": [ "38551", "38548", "66669", "476925" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38562", "name": "Deinonychus", "displayName": "Deinonychus", "attribution": "Ostrom 1969", "rawAttribution": "Ostrom 1969", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38562", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Deinonychus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "143994", "38562" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38562", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Deinonychus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38562" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/deinonychus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "367439", "collectionId": "34746", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9233", "collectionReferenceId": "9233", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cashen Ranch (MCZ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper part of Unit V (= Little Sheep Mudstone Member), Cloverly Fm.\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. The overlying Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply. ", "geogcomments": "1 km S of Cashen Ranch house, NE 1/4, sec. 32, T4S, R29E, Big Horn Co., MT." }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "468621", "collectionId": "14392", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1219", "collectionReferenceId": "1212", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "middle", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "McLeod Prison (OMNH V706), Tomato Hill", "collection_aka": "Howard McLeod Correctional Center; HMCC; McLeod 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "said to be late Aptian to early Albian\r\nmicrovertebrates (V706) are from \"1-1.5 m below the dinosaur-bearing horizon\" (Nydam and Cifelli 2002b)", "geogcomments": "\"Tomato Hill,\" a vocational training center for the Howard McLeod Correctional Center, 23 km WSW of Antlers" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "498258", "collectionId": "50352", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 62-6, Shell", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "30 feet below unit VI; member = Ostrom's unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: The overlying Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 3, T52N, R92W; 6 mi WSW of Shell" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "498264", "collectionId": "50355", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 62-14, Tillett Fish Hatchery", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "20 feet below unit VI; member = Ostrom's unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: The overlying Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 1.75 mi WSW of Tillett Fish Hatchery" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "498873", "collectionId": "50475", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-33, Buster Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 40-45 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 6, T5S, R29E, 300 yds SW of YPM 64-31" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "498882", "collectionId": "47346", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 33-1, Middle Dome", "collection_aka": "Tenontosaurus type site, AMNH 3040", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "questionable stratigraphic assignment; = Ostrom's Unit VII, fossils from approx. 60 ft below base of Unit VIII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 26, T7N, R16E, Wheatland Co., MT. Middle Dome, 12 miles SE of Harlowton" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "498887", "collectionId": "50483", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-52, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 35 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 29, T7S, R24E; 2.5 mi SSE of Tom Edwards Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "498889", "collectionId": "50484", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-65, Bluewater Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 25 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 34, T5S, R24E; 2.5 mi NE of Bluewater Creek Fish Hatchery" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "498891", "collectionId": "50486", "identifiedName": "? Deinonychus sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 66-3, Hyattville", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 30 ft below Unit VII", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 17, T49N, R89W; 2 mi SE of Hyattville" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "498894", "collectionId": "50488", "identifiedName": "? Deinonychus sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-67, Bluewater Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 31, T5S, R24E; 5 mi NE of Bridger railroad station" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "498900", "collectionId": "50491", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-72, Bluewater Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 5 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 5, T6S, R24E; 0.25 mi S of YPM 64-71" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "498909", "collectionId": "50496", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-18, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 115", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 2-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 20 yds NW of YPM 63-17. Includes UM 20797, from 20 m SE of site and same horizon" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "498918", "collectionId": "50498", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-19, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 118", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 0-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 30 yds NW of YPM 63-18" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "499154", "collectionId": "50525", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-41, Lande Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 8 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 21, T5S, R28E; 1 mi W of Thor Lande Ranch, on Push Creek" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "499160", "collectionId": "50531", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 32-5, Mott Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 8, T5S, R30E; 6 mi SE of Cashen Ranch house, on Mott Creek" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "499169", "collectionId": "50539", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-27, Horse Coulée", "collection_aka": "Cashen Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 10 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 35, T4S, R29E; 300 yds SE of YPM 64-26, 2 mi E of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "499171", "collectionId": "50540", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-64, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "Bridger", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 18 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 29, T6S, R24E; 4.25 mi NNE of Tom Edwards Ranch, 3.75 mi ESE of Bridger railroad station" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "499605", "collectionId": "50686", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13935", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 31-7, Cashen Pocket", "collection_aka": "Cashen Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's Unit V; 23 ft below Unit VI; top of member", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. NW 1/4, sec 33, T4S, R29E; 0.5 mi SE of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "499612", "collectionId": "50688", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13935", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 32-8, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's Unit V; 5-15 ft below Unit VI", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. NE 1/4, sec 32, T4S, R29E; 0.75 mi SSW of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "499659", "collectionId": "50697", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-18, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "site C-64-14-18-B", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 45-50 ft below Unit VIII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. SW 1/4, sec 33, T4S, R29E; 1 mi S of Cashen Ranch house, 350 yds E of YPM 64-17" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "499670", "collectionId": "50699", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-53, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 27 ft below Unit VIII", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 17, T7S, R24E; 1 mi NE of Tom Edwards Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "499686", "collectionId": "50706", "identifiedName": "? Deinonychus sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-74, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 14 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 17, T7S, R24E; 1.55 mi NE of Tom Edwards Ranch, on N side of knob" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "499688", "collectionId": "50707", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "65943", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-75, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 14-17 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 17, T7S, R24E; 1.5 mi NE of Tom Edwards Ranch, on N side of knob" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "517458", "collectionId": "52436", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14102", "collectionReferenceId": "14102", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MOR CL-103, Bluewater Creek Fish Hatchery", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "base of Unit VII", "geogcomments": "2.1 km N of Bluewater Creek Fish Hatchery, Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "520905", "collectionId": "14392", "identifiedName": "cf. Deinonychus sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1219", "collectionReferenceId": "1212", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "middle", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "McLeod Prison (OMNH V706), Tomato Hill", "collection_aka": "Howard McLeod Correctional Center; HMCC; McLeod 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "said to be late Aptian to early Albian\r\nmicrovertebrates (V706) are from \"1-1.5 m below the dinosaur-bearing horizon\" (Nydam and Cifelli 2002b)", "geogcomments": "\"Tomato Hill,\" a vocational training center for the Howard McLeod Correctional Center, 23 km WSW of Antlers" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "520911", "collectionId": "14374", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1219", "collectionReferenceId": "1219", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "middle", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Antlers Formation (OMNH V212)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "533974", "collectionId": "55246", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14710", "collectionReferenceId": "14710", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MOR CL-121, Bridger", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "east of Bridger, MT - coordinates are a very rough estimate" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "908398", "collectionId": "102299", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34750", "collectionReferenceId": "34750", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Bighorn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "FMNH Tenontosaurus", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"This subdivision [Ostrom 1970 Unit V] corresponds roughly to the upper part of the Little Sheep Mudstone member\"", "geogcomments": "\"close to the type section of the Cloverly Formation....within a unit identified by Ostrom (1970:pls. 1A, 2A, 4A, 6B) as belonging to his Unit V subdivision of the formation (Section 14, Twp. 54N, Range 92W, Park County, Wyoming; specific coordinates on file at FMNH).\" Note: county should be Bighorn County, not Park County. " }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "990838", "collectionId": "14379", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2023", "collectionReferenceId": "2023", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Harvard Triconodontid Site, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "sec 17 T7S R24E" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1092855", "collectionId": "137562", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 42175, Paton's Hole", "collection_aka": "MTC WY-04020", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "Paton's Hole, Bear Creek Ranch quad" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1092870", "collectionId": "137566", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 42179, Ostrom's Beach", "collection_aka": "MT WY-04024", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "Ostrom's Beach, Devil's Kitchen quad" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1092919", "collectionId": "137567", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 42183, Ostrom's Beach", "collection_aka": "MTC WY-04028", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1092985", "collectionId": "137577", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 42222", "collection_aka": "MTC WY-05013", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "Manderson NE quad" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1093070", "collectionId": "137604", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 42233", "collection_aka": "MTC WY-09009", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit V", "geogcomments": "Lovell Lakes quad" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1093086", "collectionId": "137607", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 42245", "collection_aka": "MTC WY-10020", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "Wade quad" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1093113", "collectionId": "137611", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 43632", "collection_aka": "MTC WY-10027", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "Wade quad" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1193451", "collectionId": "97951", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50085", "collectionReferenceId": "57899", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Hotel Mesa East, OMNH V857", "collection_aka": "Hotel Mesa Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Stratigraphically, OMNHV857 lies in a sequence of Lower Cretaceous rocks interposed between the Morrison Formation (Kimmeridgian) below and the Dakota Formation (Cenomanian) above. Westward, these rocks are recognized as the Cedar Mountain Formation; eastward, the Burro Canyon Formation. The arbitrary dividing line between these entities is generally placed at the Colorado River (Stokes 1952; Tschudy et al. 1984) which technically places OMNHV857 within the Burro Canyon Formation. However, we will refer to the locality as belonging to the more widely recognized Cedar Mountain Formation, as it is in this formation that comparable specimens are known, and the stratigraphy and sedimentology do not change across the arbitrary border.\" (Taylor et al. 2011:76)\r\n\"Stratigraphically, OMNH locality V857 lies within the Ruby Ranch Member, a few meters below the local contact with the Dakota Formation (see Kirkland et al. 1999: fig. 8). As a working hypothesis, we regard the fossils from the Hotel Mesa site as being Aptian–Albian\" (Taylor et al. 2011: 77)\r\n\r\nOverall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "\"Southwest flank of Hotel Mesa in easternmost Grand County, Utah, about 1.3 km north-northeast of the junction of the Colorado and Dolores rivers (sec. 4. T23S R24E, Dewey 7.5' quadrangle, USGS provisional edition 1985\" (Taylor et al. 2011:76)" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1320129", "collectionId": "69693", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "58656", "collectionReferenceId": "23373", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wolf Creek Canyon (MCZ)", "collection_aka": "Zephyrosaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"probably belongs to Ostrom's (1970) Unit 7\"", "geogcomments": "Wolf Creek Canyon; SE 1/4, sec 14, T4S, R24E" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1375643", "collectionId": "187920", "identifiedName": "aff. Deinonychus sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62874", "collectionReferenceId": "62874", "cc": "BR", "state": "Paraíba", "county": "", "formation": "Sousa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Rio do Peixe", "collection_name": "Piau-Caiçara tracksite (SOCA 13)", "collection_aka": "Piau Farm, Fazenda Piau, Leonardi locality 64, 13/1, 13/2, 13/3, 13/4, 13/5, 13/6", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "7 closely spaced layers of uncertain relationship, 13/1 to 13/6 (incl. 13/5 bis)", "geogcomments": "nearly 2 km of the rocky riverbed of the Rio do Peixe, dividing the farms (fazendas) Caiçara and Piau; accessed by dirt road connecting Sousa to Antenor Navarro by village of Caiçara; nearly 10 km WNW (Leonardi 84 says ENE) of Sousa, W extreme of Paraíba" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1576933", "collectionId": "94550", "identifiedName": "cf. Deinonychus sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78389", "collectionReferenceId": "32168", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "DNM 16, Dinosaur National Monument", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "27 m above base of Cedar Mountain Fm, near base of member; zircon age is middle Albian, chemostratigraphic age is early Albian.\r\nA radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ± 0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94 Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "375 m WSW of Carnegie Quarry, visitors center, Dinosaur National Monument - photo in paper shows site very precisely" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1578502", "collectionId": "222851", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78417", "collectionReferenceId": "14027", "cc": "US", "state": "Arkansas", "county": "Howard", "formation": "Holly Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Weyerhaeuser Briar Plant Quarry [Holly Creek]", "collection_aka": "ca. 18 km NNW Nashville, Briar Mining Site, CertainTeed Mining", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "In Arkansas, the Trinity Group consists of the Delight Sand/Pike Gravel, the Dierks Limestone, the Holly Creek Formation (which interfingers with the Ultima Thule Gravel), the De Queen Formation, and the Paluxy Formation (Vanderpool, 1928; Miser & Purdue, 1929; McFarland, 2004).\r\nThe upper part of the Holly Creek Formation, at least, is thought to be Albian in age. This is based on similarity of the oyster assemblage (Ostrea franklini) to that found in the overlying De Queen Formation (Miser & Purdue, 1929), suggesting an Albian age for the upper boundary of the Holly Creek Formation. Also, the presence of the foraminiferan Orbitolina texana in the Ferry Lake Anhydrite, a correlative unit to anhydrite beds of the lower De Queen Formation, and the presence of the ammonite Douvilleiceras sp. within the De Queen Formation units at the CertainTeed mine, support an Albian age (Loucks & Longman, 1982; Pittman, 1984, 1985).", "geogcomments": "In the 1980s, during the course of field investigations on the De Queen sauropod trackways (Pittman & Gillette, 1989), one of us (JGP) collected vertebrate remains and fossiliferous rock matrix from the upper part of the Holly Creek Formation, which cropped out in a drainage ditch excavated by the mining company (formerly Briar Mining Site, now CertainTeed Mining) in association with a reservoir to hold wastewater and mined residues." }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1583988", "collectionId": "24178", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78853", "collectionReferenceId": "6837", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "middle", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Arnold's Bottom, OMNH locality V821", "collection_aka": "Sauroposeidon type; McLeod 3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "probably upper-middle Antlers, laterally equivalent to OMNH V706; Tenontosaurus collected from 3-5m above Sauroposeidon", "geogcomments": "ca. 20 km W of Antlers and 1 km NE of OMNH V706; eroded area near earthen dam built for a cattle tank at the Howard McLeod Correctional Center" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1606753", "collectionId": "227226", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrophus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82680", "collectionReferenceId": "82677", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Middle Dome microsite (MOR) [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "basal part of Unit VII", "geogcomments": "in Middle Dome area" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1606927", "collectionId": "227265", "identifiedName": "? Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82732", "collectionReferenceId": "82732", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wolf Creek Quarry (OMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "hand sample", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit V", "geogcomments": "Wolf Creek Canyon" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1620755", "collectionId": "14376", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus sp.", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66681", "collectionReferenceId": "83879", "cc": "US", "state": "Maryland", "county": "Prince George's", "formation": "Arundel Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Potomac", "collection_name": "Cherokee-Sanford Brick Clay Pit (USNM Loc. 41614, 41615)", "collection_aka": "Hotton locality; Dinosaur Park, M-NCPPC, Washington Brick Company; Muirkirk", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Palynology of the Potomac Group suggests a late Aptian age for the Arundel facies (Brenner, 1963; Doyle and Robbins, 1977; Hochuli et al., 2006; Doyle, 2012)\r\nArundel Clay facies of the Patuxent Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous).", "geogcomments": "\"east of US route 1 and south of Contee Road, Muirkirk\"; \"on south side of B & O tracks in Muirkirk.\"\r\nStation 16 in Brenner (1963).\r\nUSNM locality 41614 (39°04'14\"N 76°52'08\"W), open-pit clay mine near Muirkirk, near the O'Brien and Hooff ore banks in Singewald (1911). Later the Washington Brick Company brick pit, then the Cherokee-Sanford Brick Clay Pit, presently Dinosaur Park (M-NCPPC)i" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1621761", "collectionId": "229407", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83957", "collectionReferenceId": "83957", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "The Kelly Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from The Kelly Ranch, T5S, R29E" }, { "genusId": "38562", "genus": "Deinonychus", "occurrenceId": "1625081", "collectionId": "23502", "identifiedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "acceptedName": "Deinonychus antirrhopus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84518", "collectionReferenceId": "6715", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cloverly (OMNH V1075)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"base of Unit VII\"\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "\"36 km ESE of Pryor\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Deinonychus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Eudromaeosauria", "genus:38562" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38562", "54557" ], "candidateIds": [ "38562", "54557" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "251719", "name": "Delapparentia", "displayName": "Delapparentia", "attribution": "Ruiz-Omeñaca 2011", "rawAttribution": "Ruiz-Omeñaca 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=251719", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Delapparentia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "251719" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=251719", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Delapparentia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=251719" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "251719", "genus": "Delapparentia", "occurrenceId": "636497", "collectionId": "68489", "identifiedName": "Delapparentia turolensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Delapparentia turolensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43708", "collectionReferenceId": "19730", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Camarillas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Maca 3, Galve", "collection_aka": "La Maca-3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit 3, middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "2 km W of Galve in primary red, but shown as E on map in ref 19754, and described as 2.5 km ESE in ref 25010). From the E part of a small crest or small hill. Maestrazgo basin, Galve sub-basin, central Iberian Cordillera; original \"La Maca\" site" }, { "genusId": "251719", "genus": "Delapparentia", "occurrenceId": "1224513", "collectionId": "160667", "identifiedName": "cf. 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"member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Ob", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "ner Obolello, SW of Tendaguru" }, { "genusId": "38668", "genus": "Dicraeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483399", "collectionId": "48342", "identifiedName": "Dicraeosaurus sattleri", "acceptedName": "Dicraeosaurus sattleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry bb", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38668", "genus": "Dicraeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483402", "collectionId": "48344", "identifiedName": "Dicraeosaurus sattleri", "acceptedName": "Dicraeosaurus sattleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry XIV", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38668", "genus": "Dicraeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483411", "collectionId": "48349", "identifiedName": "Dicraeosaurus sattleri", "acceptedName": "Dicraeosaurus sattleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru Quarry G", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "400 m S of Tendaguru Hill, Tendaguru Plateau" }, { "genusId": "38668", "genus": "Dicraeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483483", "collectionId": "48374", "identifiedName": "Dicraeosaurus sattleri", "acceptedName": "Dicraeosaurus sattleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry GD", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38668", "genus": "Dicraeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483486", "collectionId": "48375", "identifiedName": "Dicraeosaurus sattleri", "acceptedName": "Dicraeosaurus sattleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry La", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38668", "genus": "Dicraeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483503", "collectionId": "48383", "identifiedName": "Dicraeosaurus sattleri", "acceptedName": "Dicraeosaurus sattleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry s", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38668", "genus": "Dicraeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483506", "collectionId": "48385", "identifiedName": "Dicraeosaurus hansemanni", "acceptedName": "Dicraeosaurus hansemanni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Sa", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed; may also include specimens from Middle Saurian Bed (Middle Dinosaur Member)", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38668", "genus": "Dicraeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483509", "collectionId": "48387", "identifiedName": "Dicraeosaurus hansemanni", "acceptedName": "Dicraeosaurus hansemanni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Lower Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Q", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Lower Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38668", "genus": "Dicraeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488680", "collectionId": "49100", "identifiedName": "Dicraeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dicraeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13124", "collectionReferenceId": "32805", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Mashonaland North", "county": "", "formation": "Kadzi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kadzi, main locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "isolated bones from 0.5 sq km area, all in one 20 m unit", "geogcomments": "where tsetse control fence crosses road linking Guruve (Sipolilo) and Musengezi Mission, just SW of road gravel pit" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Dicraeosauridae", "Dicraeosaurinae", "Dicraeosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Flagellicaudata", "clade:Dicraeosauridae", "clade:Dicraeosaurinae", "genus:38668" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38668" ], "candidateIds": [ "38668" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "58835", "name": "Dilong", "displayName": "Dilong", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2004", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58835", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Dilong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "58835" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58835", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dilong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58835" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "58835", "genus": "Dilong", "occurrenceId": "537572", "collectionId": "55709", "identifiedName": "Dilong paradoxus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dilong paradoxus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11729", "collectionReferenceId": "11729", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village 2, Yixian (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower part of Yixian Formation", "geogcomments": "Lujiatun, Beipiao, western Liaoning" }, { "genusId": "58835", "genus": "Dilong", "occurrenceId": "537573", "collectionId": "55682", "identifiedName": "Dilong sp.", "acceptedName": "Dilong", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11729", "collectionReferenceId": "15009", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Zhangjiagou, Sihetun (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, Jianshangou Bed (for pterosaur at least).\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Approx. 3 km northeast of the famous Sihetun Locality in Beipiao, Liaoning Province of northeast China." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Dilong" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "genus:58835" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38610", "58835", "424531", "509676", "154174", "348490", "146099" ], "candidateIds": [ "58835" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning", "beipiao" ], "label": "Beipiao · Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "537572", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dilong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Alectrosaurus", "Jinbeisaurus", "Khankhuuluu", "Raptorex", "Timurlengia", "Xiongguanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dilong": [ "537572" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "58835" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38522", "name": "Dilophosaurus", "displayName": "Dilophosaurus", "attribution": "Welles 1970", "rawAttribution": "Welles 1970", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38522", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Dilophosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "38522" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38522", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dilophosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38522" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/dilophosaurus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38522", "genus": "Dilophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "150849", "collectionId": "13409", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus wetherilli n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dilophosaurus wetherilli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13844", "collectionReferenceId": "13844", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "UCMP V4214, Moa Ave", "collection_aka": "Tuba City, Silty Facies, Moenave", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "bed is 120 (or 126) feet above base of Kayenta Formation.", "geogcomments": "center of flat below Tuba City, 200 yards NE of road fence at dinosaur track locality, which is on the road to Moenave 0.13 miles N of Navajo 1 hwy to Tuba City. 20 miles N of Cameron, AZ in the Navajo Indian Reservation. SW 1/4, sec 34, T32N, R10E." }, { "genusId": "38522", "genus": "Dilophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "150850", "collectionId": "13410", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus wetherilli", "acceptedName": "Dilophosaurus wetherilli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13844", "collectionReferenceId": "13844", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "UCMP V6468, Moa Ave", "collection_aka": "Tuba City, Silty Facies, Moenave", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "bed is 120 feet above base of Kayenta Formation.", "geogcomments": "0.25 miles S of UCMP V4214. 20 miles N of Cameron, AZ in the Navajo Indian Reservation. Coordinates from UCMP website." }, { "genusId": "38522", "genus": "Dilophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513176", "collectionId": "51896", "identifiedName": "cf. Dilophosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dilophosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12373", "collectionReferenceId": "12373", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Rock Head 2 (UCMP V82303)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "base of Rock Head" }, { "genusId": "38522", "genus": "Dilophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "632335", "collectionId": "35250", "identifiedName": "cf. Dilophosaurus wetherilli", "acceptedName": "Dilophosaurus wetherilli", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73901", "collectionReferenceId": "9476", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Rock Head (Bowl Area) (MNA 219-0)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "immediate vicinity of Rock Head, Bowl Area, Navaho Nation, NE Arizona, Coconino Co." }, { "genusId": "38522", "genus": "Dilophosaurus", "occurrenceId": "706068", "collectionId": "68621", "identifiedName": "aff. 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G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65361", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dinheirosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65361" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65361", "genus": "Dinheirosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489575", "collectionId": "49304", "identifiedName": "Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13166", "collectionReferenceId": "81942", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Lisboa", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Praia de Porto Dinheiro cliff (top)", "collection_aka": "Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= \"Formação de Lourinha\"; close to boundary with Sobral Fm.\r\n\r\nMateus et al. 2017: includes ostracods pointing to a late Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian age in its middle part (Werner, 1986) and the dinocyst Cribroperidinium granuligerum (Klement) “complex” indicating a mid Kimmeridgian to late Tithonian age for the lower part (Taylor et al., 2013).", "geogcomments": "near top of coastal cliff along Praia de Porto Dinheiro, Bacia Lusitânica; top of cliff north of the port" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Diplodocinae", "Dinheirosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Flagellicaudata", "clade:Diplodocidae", "clade:Diplodocinae", "genus:65361" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65361", "38669" ], "candidateIds": [ "65361", "38669" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "202339", "name": "Diodorus", "displayName": "Diodorus", "attribution": "Kammerer et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Kammerer et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=202339", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Silesauridae", "Sulcimentisauria", "Diodorus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "163003", "398795", "202339" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=202339", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Diodorus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=202339" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "202339", "genus": "Diodorus", "occurrenceId": "984227", "collectionId": "118012", "identifiedName": "Diodorus scytobrachion n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Diodorus scytobrachion", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37952", "collectionReferenceId": "37952", "cc": "MA", "state": "Marrakech-Safi", "county": "El Sebt", "formation": "Timezgadiouine", "member": "Irohalene", "geological_group": "Argana", "collection_name": "2.9 km east of Imziln", "collection_aka": "Diodorus holotype", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Base of the Irohalene Mudstone Member (t5) of uncertain Carnian or Norian age", "geogcomments": "Northeastern Argana Basin, 2.9 km east of Imziln, Morocco." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Diodorus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "202339", "rationale": "Use the published early ornithischian grade, removing the incompatible imported Silesauridae/Sulcimentisauria grouping. Do not imply a monophyletic family in this chosen model.", "references": [ { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." }, { "id": "path-audit-fonseca-supplement", "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary supplementary taxon table and anatomical comments read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11" } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "genus:202339" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202339", "280555" ], "candidateIds": [ "202339", "280555" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38669", "name": "Diplodocus", "displayName": "Diplodocus", "attribution": "Marsh 1878", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1878", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38669", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Diplodocinae", "Diplodocus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57361", "38664", "65916", "38669" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Broad period only. LateJurassic Update Americas-only geography; includeEurope/Spain.; Morrison positiveclue mayremain but cannot describe entiregenus exclusivefootprint.; Species unassigned inSpain; no invented species or NorthAmerican typequarryclaim.", "references": [ { "title": "Sánchez-Fenollosa, García-Cobeña & Cobos (2026), Intercontinental evidence of the iconic genus Diplodocus Marsh, 1878", "year": 2026, "publishedOnline": "2026-09-14", "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2026.2718423", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2026.2718423", "access": "Primary publisher indexed abstract and figure-caption passages inspected; direct full text blocked403. Conclusions consistently genus-level, species not assigned" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Europe" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Positive source and literature localities, including qualified historical alternatives. Update Americas-only geography; includeEurope/Spain.; Morrison positiveclue mayremain but cannot describe entiregenus exclusivefootprint.; Species unassigned inSpain; no invented species or NorthAmerican typequarryclaim.", "references": [ { "title": "Sánchez-Fenollosa, García-Cobeña & Cobos (2026), Intercontinental evidence of the iconic genus Diplodocus Marsh, 1878", "year": 2026, "publishedOnline": "2026-09-14", "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2026.2718423", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2026.2718423", "access": "Primary publisher indexed abstract and figure-caption passages inspected; direct full text blocked403. Conclusions consistently genus-level, species not assigned" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "149598", "collectionId": "13214", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4387", "collectionReferenceId": "52556", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Converse", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freeze Out Mtns. Kansas Univ. Expedition", "collection_aka": "Freezeout Hills Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "referred to in text as \"Atlantosaurus Beds\" and \"Como Beds\", and as Lower Cretaceous", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in the Freeze Out Mountains, Converse Co." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "150350", "collectionId": "13352", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus carnegii", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus carnegii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1808", "collectionReferenceId": "10490", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry D, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "30-40 ft above Quarry E", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "219971", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus longus", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus longus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13100", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "220055", "collectionId": "22678", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5760", "collectionReferenceId": "50240", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Spings", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RB Quarry, Warm Springs Ranch", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1553, Bone Bed, BB Quarry, I Quarry, WY-99, WY-100, WY--101, WY-102, RoadBone", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "seven fossiliferous layers", "geogcomments": "name originally given as \"RB\" but should be \"BB\"?; Also listed as the \"RoadBone Quarries: - PL, AD, RB, and TH; probably includes the \"I Quarry\" of Foster (2003)." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "220163", "collectionId": "22711", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15020", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 94, Rainbow Park microsite", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur National Monument, UT-25", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, \"zone 6\"", "geogcomments": "northern part of Dinosaur National Monument" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "225582", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus longus", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus longus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14579", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "296465", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus longus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus longus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7803", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "405147", "collectionId": "38872", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus carnegiei", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus carnegii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13903", "collectionReferenceId": "13903", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sandoval", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-369, Lee Acres", "collection_aka": "San Ysidro Diplodocid Quarry, NM-7", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper Brushy Basin Member", "geogcomments": "near San Ysidro" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "408395", "collectionId": "13212", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "7811", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 1, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-21", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "referred to in paper as \"Atlantosaurus Beds\" and \"Como Beds\"; upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of SW 1/4 of sec. 10, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "408402", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "408755", "collectionId": "39344", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 5, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "E 1/2 of NE 1/4 of sec. 17, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "408760", "collectionId": "39347", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 8, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-19", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "S 1/2 of sec. 11, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "408855", "collectionId": "39370", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "7814", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 12, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Robber's Roost, WY-29, Robber's Gulch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 of sec. 18, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "408921", "collectionId": "39377", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus longus", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus longus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12896", "collectionReferenceId": "5669", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 2, Garden Park (YPM)", "collection_aka": "CO-4", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in sandbody 4, upper interval of Morrison, 47.9 m above J5 unconformity (base of Morrison), below Felch Quarry 1", "geogcomments": "sec. 28, T17S, R70W, Garden Park, CO, across arroyo from Felch Quarry 1." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "465132", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13255", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "467541", "collectionId": "46465", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12389", "collectionReferenceId": "12389", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe-Stephens Quarry", "collection_aka": "Sauriermuseum, HSQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower or middle part of formation (below \"clay change\"), 10 m above Howe Q", "geogcomments": "450 m SW of original Howe Q, on Howe Ranch" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "467556", "collectionId": "46469", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12389", "collectionReferenceId": "12389", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Spring Hill, Howe Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates for nearby Shell, WY" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "474520", "collectionId": "47065", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12534", "collectionReferenceId": "12534", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "East Camarasaurus Quarry '93", "collection_aka": "ECQ, WY-86, Cam 1993", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 14 m above base of member, \"Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "about 10 miles N of Como Bluff, < 1 km from Bone Cabin Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "481995", "collectionId": "48163", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus longus", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus longus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "63661", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DeWeese Quarry, Green Acres (DMNH)", "collection_aka": "Garden Park, CO-6, DMNH Quarry 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in formation", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO. Area known as Green Acres, badlands E of Fourmile Creek." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "481999", "collectionId": "48166", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Valley of Death 5", "collection_aka": "Garden Park, CO-9, DMNH Quarry 4", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "below \"Cope's Nipple\" quarry", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO. NE of \"Cope's Nipple\" quarry." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "482005", "collectionId": "48169", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Meyer Site 3, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-74", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "491211", "collectionId": "49338", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 1, Kenton (OMNH V92)", "collection_aka": "OK-1, WPA, OMNH Quarry 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12.04 m below top of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co. On Hwy 64, about 100 yds E of bridge crossing Carrizo Creek, 10 mi E of NM-OK line" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "491220", "collectionId": "49596", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85444", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 5, Kenton (OMNH V94)", "collection_aka": "OK-2, WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "39 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "0.8 km northeast of Quarry 6 along the SE margin of Black Mesa; E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "491225", "collectionId": "49597", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 6, Kenton (OMNH V95)", "collection_aka": "OK-3, WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in beds equivalent to Brushy Basin Mbr.; upper middle part of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "13.7 km NW of Quarry 1, E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "491233", "collectionId": "36576", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "35184", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Riggs Quarry 15, Fruita (FMNH)", "collection_aka": "CO-36, Dinosaur Hill Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"probably equivalent to Como Beds of Wyoming\"; 198 ft below top of member", "geogcomments": "1.5 mi S of Fruita, Grand River Valley, Colorado. In NW 1/4, sec 29, T1N, R2W (Ute meridian)" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "491250", "collectionId": "49577", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "12200", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry West (BCQ West)", "collection_aka": "WY-79, Bone Cabin Quarry Extension, Bone Cabin Quarry-E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"equivalent to Upper Salt Wash Member\" and in \"Lower Dinosaur Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "491443", "collectionId": "49627", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nail Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WY-39, WDIS Quarry 2b", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Talking Rocks Member\" near middle of formation; located just above caliche boundary in Unit B.", "geogcomments": "a few km E of Louise Quarry, near Como Bluff; T. 22 N ., R. 77 W ., Sec. 1" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "499707", "collectionId": "50714", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 03-30, Horse Coulée", "collection_aka": "Horse Coulee, Beauvais Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"probably Unit III\"", "geogcomments": "30 mi E of Pryor, MT on Horse Coulée" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "513531", "collectionId": "51992", "identifiedName": "Seismosaurus halli n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus hallorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13886", "collectionReferenceId": "64859", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sandoval", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Jackpile Sandstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH locality L-344", "collection_aka": "Seismosaurus Quarry I, SSI, NM-4", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost member of formation in this area", "geogcomments": "on a peninsular mesa rising 40 m above valley floor and capped by a thick sandstone; 16 km W of San Ysidro; on the Ojito Spring map sheet" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "536373", "collectionId": "55483", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14966", "collectionReferenceId": "14966", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH Stego 99 Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-80, Jeff Parker's Quarry; Jeff P Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in formation", "geogcomments": "2.5 km SW of Bone Cabin Quarry, near Little Medicine Bow River" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "540200", "collectionId": "48162", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lindsey Quarry (DMNH)", "collection_aka": "Garden Park, CO-8, Lindsey's, DMNH Quarry 3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "E part of Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO. General vicinity of DeWeese Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "540322", "collectionId": "39376", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lakes Quarry 8, Morrison (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur Ridge", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec. 26, T4S, R70W, Morrison, CO; close to present roadcut for Alameda Parkway through Dinosaur Ridge" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "541223", "collectionId": "56590", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15239", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rabbit Valley Iguanodon", "collection_aka": "RVRNA-13, CO-23", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "E part of amphitheater at head of McDonald Creek, just N of I-70 in Rabbit Valley; part of Rabbit Valley Research Natural Area" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "541896", "collectionId": "46468", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "14707", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Big Al Quarry (MOR M-106)", "collection_aka": "WY-61, BAQ", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle of formation", "geogcomments": "coordinates for nearby Shell, WY; site is 300 m NE of Howe Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "557969", "collectionId": "57897", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus carnegii n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus carnegii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5990", "collectionReferenceId": "10490", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry D, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "Quarry 3, Quarry D(3)", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "In the middle of the formation in Zone 4", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "557980", "collectionId": "57903", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "77734", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry R (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two distinct layers", "geogcomments": "SE of Como Bluff, 14 mi S of Bone Cabin Quarry on Prager Anticline, along Union Pacific Railroad line" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "557981", "collectionId": "57904", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "42580", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Meade", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wonderland North (SDSM V951)", "collection_aka": "SD-5", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Zone 4", "geogcomments": "S of Piedmont, about 18 km N of Rapid City" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "560974", "collectionId": "58510", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry (MSM)", "collection_aka": "WY-71", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo; on the sheep ranch of John Arno, NW 1/4, Sec. 36, T48N, R83W, Johnson County, Wyoming, Robinson Canyon Quadrangle 7.5 series" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "560980", "collectionId": "58513", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dyer Ranch Quarry 2", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "560988", "collectionId": "58518", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "63713", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cisco sauropod site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "562995", "collectionId": "56654", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ninemile Hill", "collection_aka": "UW V-98046, WY-82", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "< 1 m below contact of approx. 15-m-thick unit of dark gray mudstone marking top of Morrison; total unit thickness here = 143 m", "geogcomments": "on Graff Ranch, about 13 km NNW of Como Bluff, a few km SW of Bone Cabin Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "625876", "collectionId": "55320", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19240", "collectionReferenceId": "14803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Springs", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Something Interesting Quarry (SI), unit 1", "collection_aka": "Warm Springs Ranch", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "tracks associated with bone quarry, but at 3 levels in total within this unit 1", "geogcomments": "2.5 mi SE of Thermopolis, N-central Wyoming, Bighorn Basin" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "632804", "collectionId": "68097", "identifiedName": "? Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19565", "collectionReferenceId": "19565", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sinbad Valley", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N or W part of Sinbad Valley (exact location unknown)" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "646552", "collectionId": "69890", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48382", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mother's Day Quarry", "collection_aka": "Mothers Day Site, MDQ, MT-1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower half of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, approximately 12 m above the underlying Swift Formation\"", "geogcomments": "site is near the type locality for Deinonychus; NE rim of Bighorn Basin" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "663695", "collectionId": "71476", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "63779", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "FPA General Site (LACM)", "collection_aka": "Fruita Paleontological Area, LACM Loc. 4684, 6174, CO-33", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Base of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation immediately above the \"clay change\" horizon (see Kirkland 2006, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36:67-95, fig. 6, pg. 93). Turner & Peterson (1999, Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geol. Survey Misc. Publ. 99-1, 77-114) placed the Fruita localities (listed as CO-33 in their stratigraphic sections) within the Kimmeridgian, and within their \"Dinosaur Zone 2\" and \"charophyte-ostracod Zone 4\". Stratigraphic horizons closely equivalent to the Fruitadens quarries yield 40Ar/39Ar isotopic dates of 150.3 +/- 0.3 Ma and 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma (see Turner & Peterson 1999). This would place the Fruita quarries within the early Tithonian on recent timescales. ", "geogcomments": "Fruita Paleontological Area, 4.8 km WSW of Fruita; S 1/2 sec 13 and N 1/2 sec 24, T1N, R3W, Ute principal meridian. Evans 1996: \"a series of sublocalities...all apparently exposing the same horizon\"" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "702805", "collectionId": "75453", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zane Quarry, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "WY-92", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"lowermost two meters of the Morrison Formation\" - four quarries within 16.5 m. 9-Mile Ranch facies", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek area; specific location not given. Four quarries are present, but it is not clear whether this list pertains to one or all of them." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1087110", "collectionId": "25141", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "12264", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Moffat", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Calico Gulch Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "Lily Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Calico Gulch Quarry at Lily Park, 195 miles from Dry Mesa Quarry, Moffat Co." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1098147", "collectionId": "58514", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44416", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Wayne", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hanksville-Burpee Quarry", "collection_aka": "UT-1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of upper Brushy Basin Member", "geogcomments": "near Hanksville" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1123322", "collectionId": "142334", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "53186", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "near Brown's Ranch, Elk Mountains", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Brown's Ranch, Elk Mountains; \"most likely...from somewhere between Pass Creek on the south and Alkali Draw on the north\" (Carpenter and Galton, 2018)" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1123323", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1189699", "collectionId": "126540", "identifiedName": "? Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49550", "collectionReferenceId": "41030", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dana Quarry", "collection_aka": "DQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 6-9 m above contact w/underlying Sundance Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dana Quarry, near Ten Sleep; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 6, T48N, R89W (title incorrectly states Big Horn Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1265057", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus hallorum", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus hallorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55026", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1265058", "collectionId": "168056", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus hallorum", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus hallorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55026", "collectionReferenceId": "17196", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Como Bluff (AMNH 223)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Como Bluff, near Medicine Bow" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1317663", "collectionId": "55482", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "14966", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lynn Quarry", "collection_aka": "UW V-97014, Ninemile Hill, WY-84", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in Morrison Fm.", "geogcomments": "on Graff Ranch, about 13 km NNW of Como Bluff, a few km SW of Bone Cabin Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1317669", "collectionId": "176983", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry 1", "collection_aka": "WY-72", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1388595", "collectionId": "190894", "identifiedName": "? Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64180", "collectionReferenceId": "64180", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheep Mountain anticline", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "a few hundred meters N of where Bighorn River dissects the Sheep Mtn. anticline" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1467173", "collectionId": "48171", "identifiedName": "? Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49550", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Meyer Site 2, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-73", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1606922", "collectionId": "227262", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82719", "collectionReferenceId": "82720", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nickopod Quarry (VMNH)", "collection_aka": "Coyote Basin", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's \"Unit I\"", "geogcomments": "\"Nickopod\" quarry, Coyote Basin" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1629376", "collectionId": "230770", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Claw Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 3c, Breakfast Bench", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 5.; along Breakfast Bench" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1629410", "collectionId": "230774", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85752", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nasa Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 9a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 4" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1633416", "collectionId": "207749", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheridan College Quarry 1", "collection_aka": "SCQ1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheridan College Quarry, ca. 20 mi. S of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1633419", "collectionId": "74663", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "81840", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Natrona", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cottonwood Creek Dinosaur Trail (Tate-UW)", "collection_aka": "Alcova Lake, WY-1, WY-2, WY-3", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation, across some tens of meters", "geogcomments": "along N side of Cottonwood Creek, near Alcova Lake; three closely spaced quarries along trail (Quarry 1, Quarry 2, Quarry 3)" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1633468", "collectionId": "231553", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus carnegii", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus carnegii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "EP Thompson Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 19a; E. P. Thompson's Quarry; WY-47", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec.4" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1633627", "collectionId": "231565", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Double Dip Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 22b", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit B", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N., R. 77W., Sec. 1" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1633633", "collectionId": "231569", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mel's Femur Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 25a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 6" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "occurrenceId": "1633637", "collectionId": "231572", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp.", "acceptedName": "Diplodocus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85332", "collectionReferenceId": "85332", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Indian Fort", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "2 Legs Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WDIS Quarry 28b", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit C", "geogcomments": "T. 22 N ., R. 76 W., Sec. 5" }, { "genusId": "38669", "genus": "Diplodocus", "literatureId": "diplodocus-spain-2026", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragon", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "county": "", "collection_name": "", "qualified": false, "source": { "title": "Sánchez-Fenollosa, García-Cobeña & Cobos (2026), Intercontinental evidence of the iconic genus Diplodocus Marsh, 1878", "year": 2026, "publishedOnline": "2026-09-14", "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2026.2718423", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2026.2718423", "access": "Primary publisher indexed abstract and figure-caption passages inspected; direct full text blocked403. Conclusions consistently genus-level, species not assigned" }, "identifiedName": "Diplodocus sp. · literature referral", "specimenScope": "Only the published September2026 referred Spanish material; no copied PBDB occurrence ID." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Update Americas-only geography; includeEurope/Spain.; Morrison positiveclue mayremain but cannot describe entiregenus exclusivefootprint.; Species unassigned inSpain; no invented species or NorthAmerican typequarryclaim.", "references": [ { "title": "Sánchez-Fenollosa, García-Cobeña & Cobos (2026), Intercontinental evidence of the iconic genus Diplodocus Marsh, 1878", "year": 2026, "publishedOnline": "2026-09-14", "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2026.2718423", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2026.2718423", "access": "Primary publisher indexed abstract and figure-caption passages inspected; direct full text blocked403. Conclusions consistently genus-level, species not assigned" } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Diplodocinae", "Diplodocus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Flagellicaudata", "clade:Diplodocidae", "clade:Diplodocinae", "genus:38669" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "65361", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "candidateIds": [ "38669" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "US", "new mexico" ], "label": "New Mexico · US", "occurrenceId": "513531", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Diplodocus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ardetosaurus", "Barosaurus", "Dinheirosaurus", "Galeamopus", "Supersaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Diplodocus": [ "405147", "513531" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38669" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "492469", "name": "Diuqin", "displayName": "Diuqin", "attribution": "Porfiri et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Porfiri et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=492469", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Unenlagiinae", "Diuqin" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "68206", "492469" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=492469", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Diuqin", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=492469" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "492469", "genus": "Diuqin", "occurrenceId": "1657929", "collectionId": "235260", "identifiedName": "Diuqin lechiguanae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Diuqin lechiguanae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "88651", "collectionReferenceId": "88651", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Bajo de la Carpa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Isthmus between Lago Barreales and Lago Mari Menuco", "collection_aka": "Diuqin lechiguanae type locality", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Within the Upper Cretaceous, the age of the Bajo de la Carpa Formation is interpreted as Santonian.", "geogcomments": "The specimen was collected from the isthmus between the southeast coast of Lago Barreales and the northwest coast of Lago Mari Menuco, in Neuquén Province, northwestern Patagonia, Argentina, from a stratum of the Bajo de la Carpa Formation of the Neuquén Group (Upper Cretaceous: Santonian." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Unenlagiinae", "Diuqin" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Unenlagiinae", "genus:492469" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "138547", "68201", "492469", "64530", "65421", "444041" ], "candidateIds": [ "492469" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1657929", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Diuqin" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroraptor", "Buitreraptor", "Neuquenraptor", "Unenlagia", "Ypupiara" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Diuqin": [ "1657929" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "492469" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "153807", "name": "Dongbeititan", "displayName": "Dongbeititan", "attribution": "Wang et al. 2007", "rawAttribution": "Wang et al. 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153807", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Dongbeititan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "153807" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153807", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dongbeititan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153807" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "153807", "genus": "Dongbeititan", "occurrenceId": "826856", "collectionId": "91199", "identifiedName": "Dongbetitan dongi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dongbeititan dongi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30687", "collectionReferenceId": "30687", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Chaoyang", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Libalang Valley - Er Valley", "collection_aka": "Dongbetitan type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in a valley between the Libalang Valley and Er Valley, approx. 5 km SW of the Sihetun Fossil Museum in Beipiao City, Liaoning" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Dongbeititan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "genus:153807" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "153807" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning" ], "label": "Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "826856", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dongbeititan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dzharatitanis", "Gannansaurus", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Jiangxititan", "Liubangosaurus", "Sibirotitan", "Sonidosaurus", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dongbeititan": [ "826856" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "153807" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "273053", "name": "Dongyangopelta", "displayName": "Dongyangopelta", "attribution": "Chen et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Chen et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=273053", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Dongyangopelta" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "273053" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38821", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dracopelta", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38821" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38821", "genus": "Dracopelta", "occurrenceId": "478018", "collectionId": "47364", "identifiedName": "Dracopelta zbyszewskii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dracopelta zbyszewskii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12698", "collectionReferenceId": "13143", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Lisboa", "formation": "Freixial", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Praia do Sul, Assenta", "collection_aka": "Ribamar, Ribomar", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formation name also = Assenta Mb of Lourinha Fm.; uppermost lower to upper Tithonian age based on invertebrate biostratigraphy", "geogcomments": "orig. cited as Ribomar (= Ribamar), W coast of Portugal, 37 km NW of Lisbon, 10 km S of Cambelas; corrected as from Praia do Sul; found 400 m E of littoral cliff of Assenta region, 5 km N of Ribamar da Ericeira, approx. 2.5 km S of Cambelas, 13 km W of Torres Vedras" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Dracopelta" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "genus:38821" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38821", "38829" ], "candidateIds": [ "38821", "38829" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Structurally this is the southwest dipping limb of the Lavernock syncline in the Bristol Channel Basin. The cliff fall in which Dracoraptor was discovered comprises material restricted to the lowest two to three metres of the section and comprises debris mainly from the Bull Cliff Member of the Blue Lias Formation. Lithological and bed thickness comparisons indicate that the dinosaur comes from either bed 7 or bed 9, of the Bull Cliff Member, both of which contain a thin, but distinctive bed of broken calcitic shelly material\"\r\n\"Considering that the new dinosaur occurs at a stratigraphic position above the δ13Corg isotope anomaly; that it occurs above a clear lithological boundary representing a distinct facies change from shallow to deepening marine conditions; that it is associated with a Jurassic type shelly fauna, and that pollen analyses of nearby sections are of Jurassic type, the new dinosaur should be regarded as being of Early Hettangian age. Thus it most likely belongs to the P. erugatum subzone of the P. tilmanni Zone and is dated at 201.3 ± 0.2 million years old\"", "geogcomments": "\"The new specimen was collected from several limestone and mudstone blocks among debris from a small rock fall at the base of the cliff on the east side of Lavernock Point (National Grid reference ST 187681).\" " } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Coelophysoidea", "Dracoraptor" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Coelophysoidea", "genus:335179" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "335179", "96663", "55544" ], "candidateIds": [ "335179", "96663", "55544" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. 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Dracovenator regenti", "acceptedName": "Dracovenator regenti", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25373", "collectionReferenceId": "11945", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ladybrand", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Syntarsus site, farm Paradys (104)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farm Paradys, Ladybrand district, on map sheet 2927 AB, Ladybrand" }, { "genusId": "108768", "genus": "Dracovenator", "occurrenceId": "699840", "collectionId": "75177", "identifiedName": "Dracovenator regenti n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dracovenator regenti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25373", "collectionReferenceId": "25373", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Barkly East", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Dracovenator type, farm Upper Drumbo (BPi)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Elliot Fm. dated as Hettangian by McPhee et al. (2017)", "geogcomments": "farm Upper Drumbo, Barkly East district, in the foothills of the Drakensberg Rang" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Dracovenator" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "genus:108768" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "108768" ], "candidateIds": [ "108768" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "304823", "name": "Dreadnoughtus", "displayName": "Dreadnoughtus", "attribution": "Lacovara et al. 2014", "rawAttribution": "Lacovara et al. 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=304823", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Dreadnoughtus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "58924", "304823" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=304823", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dreadnoughtus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=304823" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "304823", "genus": "Dreadnoughtus", "occurrenceId": "1227130", "collectionId": "161337", "identifiedName": "Dreadnoughtus schrani n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dreadnoughtus schrani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52577", "collectionReferenceId": "52577", "cc": "AR", "state": "Santa Cruz", "county": "", "formation": "Cerro Fortaleza", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rio La Leona Valley, Cerro Fortaleza locality", "collection_aka": "Dreadnoughtus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approximately 350 m below the top of the formation\r\nCampanian age (Ghiglione et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "East bank of Río La Leona, northern Rio La Leona Valley, between Lago Argentino and Lago Viedma, Santa Cruz Province, south-western Patagonia, Argentina (coordinates on file at MPM)." }, { "genusId": "304823", "genus": "Dreadnoughtus", "occurrenceId": "1671510", "collectionId": "237047", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "92201", "name": "Dromaeosauroides", "displayName": "Dromaeosauroides", "attribution": "Christiansen and Bonde 2003", "rawAttribution": "Christiansen and Bonde 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=92201", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Dromaeosauroides" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "92201" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=92201", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dromaeosauroides", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=92201" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "92201", "genus": "Dromaeosauroides", "occurrenceId": "635128", "collectionId": "68331", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosauroides bornholmensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosauroides bornholmensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19697", "collectionReferenceId": "27919", "cc": "DK", "state": "Bornholm", "county": "", "formation": "Jydegaard", "member": "Tornhøj", "geological_group": "Nyker", "collection_name": "A/S Carl Nielsen's sand pit, lower sands", "collection_aka": "C N pit, Robbedale", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "sandy beds 2-3 m above the Neomiodon Bed; \"Ryazanian\" age", "geogcomments": "Carl Nielsen's sand pit, near Robbedale, SW Bornholm Island" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Dromaeosauroides" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "genus:92201" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170642", "92201", "66532", "65133", "58873", "65135" ], "candidateIds": [ "92201" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "DK", "jydegaard" ], "label": "Jydegaard Formation · DK", "occurrenceId": "635128", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dromaeosauroides" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Balaur", "Nuthetes", "Pyroraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Variraptor" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dromaeosauroides": [ "635128" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "92201" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38566", "name": "Dromaeosaurus", "displayName": "Dromaeosaurus", "attribution": "Matthew and Brown 1922", "rawAttribution": "Matthew and Brown 1922", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38566", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Dromaeosaurinae", "Dromaeosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "143994", "54552", "38566" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38566", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "248041", "collectionId": "14462", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13591", "collectionReferenceId": "1487", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Hidden Valley Quarry (HVQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "248060", "collectionId": "14437", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "25474", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Careless Creek Quarry (CCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the lower 1/3rd of the local section according to Penkalski and Dodson 1999\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma, ", "geogcomments": "on Careless Creek Ranch (owned by Lammers family), near Shawmut, Wheatland Co., about 150 km NW of Billings and 160 km S of Leidy-Cope localities on Missouri R." }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "280105", "collectionId": "26760", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84885", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Grave bonebed, Hanson Ranch", "collection_aka": "Edmontosaurus bonebed, Dragons' Grave, Roxson, HR", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY. Includes five quarries from the same bonebed: North (N), South (S), Southeast (SE), West (W), and Teague (T) plus three exploratory quarries to determine extent: Toe, Neufeld (Neu), and DKC." }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "393102", "collectionId": "22659", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10086", "collectionReferenceId": "18556", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 143, BB 43", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1534, Centrosaurus Bonebed 43, 0175/1, JR043, L0043", "geogscale": "basin", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_min\r\nlow in formation, 10.5 m above contact w/Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "456920 N, 5622350E (NAD 27 datum) = S5, T21, R11, W of 4 (also listed as 465950mE, 5622350mN). 91.5 m S of Quarry 88" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "396866", "collectionId": "38134", "identifiedName": "cf. Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17707", "collectionReferenceId": "43271", "cc": "RU", "state": "Amur", "county": "Arkharinskii", "formation": "Udurchukan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tsagayan", "collection_name": "Kundur", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Godefroit et al. (2012): \"Udurchukan Formation (Wodehouseia spinata - Aquilapollenites subtilis palynozone), ?Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "Kundur locality, near town of Obluch'e, Arkharinskii district, Amur region, Yevreyskaya Avtonomnyy Oblast, Russia. On the Vladivostok-Moscow highway (Chita-Khabarovsk highway), 10 km SE of Kundur village\r\n\r\nGodefroit et al. (2012): \"Kundur (N 49deg 04' 57.5\"; E 130deg 51' 34.1\"), Amur Region, Far Eastern Russia.\"" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "462974", "collectionId": "45674", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hanna's Ankylosaur Site, RTMP L1131", "collection_aka": "HAS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit (upper member); 14.5 m below the double bentonite layers of the section", "geogcomments": "LSD 10, Sec. 36, T1, R6, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "464375", "collectionId": "14514", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1129", "collectionReferenceId": "1129", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Sweetwater", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Robber's Roost (UW V-79032)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-84215, Black Butte", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, SE 1/4, NE 1/4 of Sec 3, T18N, R100W" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "464709", "collectionId": "45894", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Old Road Site, RTMP L1138", "collection_aka": "ORS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "7 m below base of upper unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 10, Sec 35, T1, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "464793", "collectionId": "45898", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Rainy Day Site, RTMP L1140", "collection_aka": "RDS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit; 5.5 m higher than CBC site; upper member of formation", "geogcomments": "LSD 6, Sec 10, T3, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491029", "collectionId": "49539", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "13266", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Arapahoe", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Oak Place, Westminster (DMNH Loc. 1513)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "housing development in Westminster, CO" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "508635", "collectionId": "14434", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "1098", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Blackbird Ridge Quarry (BBR)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "508639", "collectionId": "51682", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "13752", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Ox Hill Quarry (OHQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513125", "collectionId": "51888", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13817", "collectionReferenceId": "13817", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Nanushuk", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ninuluk", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513141", "collectionId": "51889", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13817", "collectionReferenceId": "13817", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "Kogosukruk Tongue", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry", "collection_aka": "Kikak Creek, Kekak-Tegoseak, KKT", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Radioisotopic dates derived from multiple tuff beds throughout this section of the Prince Creek Formation range from 68Ma to 71Ma, with an average estimate of 69.1+/20.3Ma, placing it in the early Late Maastrichtian. Palynological samples from the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry itself correlate reasonably well with the radioisotopic data, showing an Early Maastrichtian assemblage", "geogcomments": "Along Kikak Creek near where it empties into the Colville River; about 80 km upriver from Liscomb Quarry.\r\nThe Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry is located in the extensive exposures of the Prince Creek Formation along bluffs bordering the Colville River, North Slope Borough, Alaska, USA" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513162", "collectionId": "51890", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13817", "collectionReferenceId": "12790", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "Kogosukruk Tongue", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "Liscomb Quarry (TMM/UAM)", "collection_aka": "Colville River, LBB, Liscomb Bonebed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The numerical age of the dinosaur-bearing section of the formation, where it is exposed along the lower Colville River and including the LBB, has been dated at 71–68 Ma using 40Ar/39Ar methods (McKee et al. 1989; Besse and Courtillot 1991). The age of LBB is further constrained by an 40Ar/39Ar age of 69.2±0.5 Ma from a stratigraphically underlying tuff at a locality known as Sling Point (approximately 1 km from the LBB) and from palynological analyses (Flores et al. 2007) consistent with an early Maastrichtian age (Flaig 2010). ", "geogcomments": "originally described as \"approximately 70°N, 151°W\", on the Colville River" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513167", "collectionId": "51893", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13817", "collectionReferenceId": "13817", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "Kogosukruk Tongue", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "Byers Bed", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along Colville River just downstream from Liscomb Bonebed" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "529532", "collectionId": "54105", "identifiedName": "? Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14627", "collectionReferenceId": "14627", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eastend \"Scotty\" site, RSM loc. 72F07-0022", "collection_aka": "Chambery Coulee", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Frenchman River valley, SE of Eastend. Chambery Coulee, on the N side of the valley" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560773", "collectionId": "58208", "identifiedName": "\"Laelaps\" cf. explanatus", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus explanatus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "25546", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SH-20, Khodzhakul", "collection_aka": "Khodja-Kull; SKh-20, CX-20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower/middle part of the formation. Upper Albian in Averianov (2001), but Early Cenomanian in more recent papers.", "geogcomments": "escarpment along NE shores of lake Khodja-Kul (Khodzhakul; now dried up), N of the Sultan-uis-dag, SW Kyzyl-Kum Desert, Karakalpakistan" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "584209", "collectionId": "61468", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17730", "collectionReferenceId": "17730", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "west of Hilda, South Saskatchewan River (UA)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on E bank of South Saskatchewan River, W of Hilda" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "584210", "collectionId": "61469", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17730", "collectionReferenceId": "17730", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville badlands (UA)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "badlands exposed in sec 27, T21, R12, W 4th meridian, near Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "627849", "collectionId": "45240", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 105", "collection_aka": "Dave's II, Bonebed 105, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "627850", "collectionId": "47812", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Overlook Site, RTMP BB 118", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 118", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "627854", "collectionId": "47795", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Ankylosaur-rich Site, RTMP BB 103", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, Bonebed 103, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "627863", "collectionId": "47794", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "New Campsite Locality, RTMP BB 100", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 100, RTMP L0406", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "628084", "collectionId": "47816", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 31, DPP", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 31", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "628091", "collectionId": "45264", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 86", "collection_aka": "DPP, Bonebed 86, TMP loc. L0086", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\"", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "628123", "collectionId": "22698", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 104", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1573, Bonebed 104, U-2, TMP loc. L0401", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "628134", "collectionId": "22695", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Francois Site, RTMP BB 106", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1570, Bonebed 106", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "628142", "collectionId": "22697", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville Railway Grade, RTMP BB 102", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1572, Steveville Railroad Grade, RRG, Bonebed 102, RTMP Quarry 152, TMP loc. L0408", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "628162", "collectionId": "45260", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 119", "collection_aka": "Turtle Pond, DPP, Bonebed 119, RTMP Quarry 159, U009", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "629757", "collectionId": "67869", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 137", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 137, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5621050 N, 463500 E" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "629827", "collectionId": "67877", "identifiedName": "? Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP L1116, MR#2", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5619330 N, 466950 E" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "629986", "collectionId": "67893", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 78", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 78, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5624670 N, 467730 E" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "663766", "collectionId": "71487", "identifiedName": "? Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24170", "collectionReferenceId": "24170", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Mitford siding", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally considered basal Paskapoo Fm.", "geogcomments": "in a rock cutting on the Canadian Pacific Railway, 1 mi E of Mitford siding" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "700675", "collectionId": "75280", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-91009, Ray's Palate Locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "700785", "collectionId": "14543", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "1419", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ferris Formation (UW V-92046)", "collection_aka": "Three and a Half Teeth", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "702759", "collectionId": "75443", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", 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SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1573451", "collectionId": "34307", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "9017", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Onefour Car Park Site (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "CP, L1115", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a channel lag within the 8-16 m thick Lethbridge coal zone", "geogcomments": "near Onefour" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1617564", "collectionId": "96082", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "13266", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Weld", "formation": "Laramie", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Natural Fort (UCM Loc. 78193)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"a large outcrop of ~0.4 km2 and up to 12 m relief... immediately east of Interstate 25 near northbound exit 293, where there was once a rest area\"" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1625146", "collectionId": "229975", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84522", "collectionReferenceId": "84522", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Lake Diefenbaker site", "collection_aka": "LD, Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Lake Diefenbaker (‘Lake Diefenbaker site’; LD), on the north side of the river in Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "38566", "genus": "Dromaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2050892", "collectionId": "277043", "identifiedName": "Dromaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dromaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82658", "collectionReferenceId": "82658", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Grant", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Benton", "collection_name": "Dakota Rose Granite Quarry (SMM collection)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Equivalent to Carlisle Shale of Benton Group. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38542", "name": "Dromiceiomimus", "displayName": "Dromiceiomimus", "attribution": "Russell 1972", "rawAttribution": "Russell 1972", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38542", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Dromiceiomimus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "55491", "38539", "38542" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad plant-based or mixed compatibility is defensible for derived forms; Deinocheirus has direct fish evidence. 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Found approximately halfway between prairie level and river level, although laterally removed from either by approximately 500 m" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Dromiceiomimus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "184915", "name": "Drusilasaura", "displayName": "Drusilasaura", "attribution": "Navarrete et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Navarrete et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=184915", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Lognkosauria", "Drusilasaura" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "389116", "109003", "184915" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=184915", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Drusilasaura", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=184915" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "184915", "genus": "Drusilasaura", "occurrenceId": "941813", "collectionId": "109015", "identifiedName": "Drusilasaura deseadensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Drusilasaura deseadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36033", "collectionReferenceId": "36033", "cc": "AR", "state": "Santa Cruz", "county": "Lago Buenos Aires", "formation": "Bajo Barreal", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chubut", "collection_name": "estancia María Aike", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper half of Upper Member", "geogcomments": "on the estancia María Aike, southern edge of the Río Deseado valley, Dpto. Lago Buenos Aires; southern border of Golfo San Jorge Basin" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Lognkosauria", "Drusilasaura" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Colossosauria", "clade:Lognkosauria", "genus:184915" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "346948", "184915", "109004", "55583", "287942", "174549" ], "candidateIds": [ "184915" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo barreal" ], "label": "Bajo Barreal Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "941813", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Drusilasaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroposeidon", "Futalognkosaurus", "Mendozasaurus", "Quetecsaurus", "Traukutitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Drusilasaura": [ "941813" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "184915" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38731", "name": "Dryosaurus", "displayName": "Dryosaurus", "attribution": "Marsh 1894", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1894", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38731", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Dryosauridae", "Dryosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "38730", "38731" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38731", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dryosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38731" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220165", "collectionId": "22711", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15020", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 94, Rainbow Park microsite", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur National Monument, UT-25", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, \"zone 6\"", "geogcomments": "northern part of Dinosaur National Monument" }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "379968", "collectionId": "35968", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9662", "collectionReferenceId": "9662", "cc": "FR", "state": "Normandie", "county": "Seine-Maritime", "formation": "Marnes de Bléville", "member": "Harpagodes Marl/Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cap de la Hève, Octeville", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "Harpagodes marl bed (= middle member), \"Marnes de Bléville\" formation", "geogcomments": "base of cliffs at Cap de la Hève, Octeville, just N of Le Havre, Seine-Maritime, Normandy, France." }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408067", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Laosaurus altus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7803", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408741", "collectionId": "39340", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "7813", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 3, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "S 1/2 of SW 1/4 of sec. 11, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408756", "collectionId": "39344", "identifiedName": "Laosaurus altus", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7803", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 5, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "E 1/2 of NE 1/4 of sec. 17, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "474521", "collectionId": "47065", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12534", "collectionReferenceId": "12534", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "East Camarasaurus Quarry '93", "collection_aka": "ECQ, WY-86, Cam 1993", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 14 m above base of member, \"Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "about 10 miles N of Como Bluff, < 1 km from Bone Cabin Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "479357", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus elderae n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus elderae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75856", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "479358", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus elderae", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus elderae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75856", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481954", "collectionId": "48156", "identifiedName": "? Dryosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "14689", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Egg Gulch, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-72", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "age based on charophytes", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481983", "collectionId": "48161", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "14309", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Small's Quarry, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "DMNH Quarry 6, CO-11", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation, also described as \"low in the Brushy Basin Member\"", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490814", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus altus", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31566", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491254", "collectionId": "49577", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "12200", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry West (BCQ West)", "collection_aka": "WY-79, Bone Cabin Quarry Extension, Bone Cabin Quarry-E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"equivalent to Upper Salt Wash Member\" and in \"Lower Dinosaur Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491258", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus altus", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520483", "collectionId": "53041", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus altus", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24303", "collectionReferenceId": "24303", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Uravan Locality (BYU)", "collection_aka": "Sheetz Quarry 1, CO-66", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Situated in the lower part of the member, near the base", "geogcomments": "approx. 5.5 mi SW of Uravan" }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520484", "collectionId": "53022", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14332", "collectionReferenceId": "14694", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kirkland Egg site, FPA", "collection_aka": "Fruita, CO-34, Nesting Site, MWC #5", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "3.6 m below the local \"clay change\" in the lower Brushy Basin, above the top of the Salt Wash Member.", "geogcomments": "Southwest of Fruita, Colorado, in the Fruita Paleontological Resource Area (FPA). Coordinates are based on the town of Fruita." }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "558007", "collectionId": "57913", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15567", "collectionReferenceId": "15567", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 96, Rainbow Park microsite", "collection_aka": "UT-26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Located in Rainbow Park where the Green River enters Split Mountain Gorge" }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "691661", "collectionId": "38680", "identifiedName": "aff. Dryosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44312", "collectionReferenceId": "10381", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Andrès (MNHN-UL)", "collection_aka": "Andrés. Andres, Pombal", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Camadas de Alcobaça, could also be from lowermost Bombarral Formation (= Grès superiores); Malafaia et al 2010 consider the site to be ?upper Kimmeridgian to Tithonian in age\r\n\r\n Previously assigned to Bombarral Formation. Lourinhã Fm is considered late Kimmeridgian-late Tithonian and it incorporates the Alcobaça Fm (Kimmeridgian) and the Bombarral Fm (also known as Grés Superiores; late Tithonian-early Berrisian). Taylor et al. 2013 suggested the Lourinhã Fm be subdivided into members, but Mateus et al. 2017 proposed a revised stratiraphy of the Luisitanian Basin. The Alcobaça Formation is Late Kimmeridigan and overlain by the Lourinha Formation. The Lourinhã Formation is made up of the Praia da Amoreira and Porto Novo (late Kimmeridgian) members, Praia Azul member (latest Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian) and the Assenta member (late Tithonian-earliest Berrisian). The Lourinha Formation is overlain by the Porto da Calada Formation (Berrisian).", "geogcomments": "near village of Andrés, parish of Santiago de Litém, Leiria district, Pombal, W-central Portugal, about 135 km NNE of Lisbon; region of Bombal Litoral, Mamede Sub-basin" }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123586", "collectionId": "25141", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus altus", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "12264", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Moffat", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Calico Gulch Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "Lily Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Calico Gulch Quarry at Lily Park, 195 miles from Dry Mesa Quarry, Moffat Co." }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1347089", "collectionId": "182492", "identifiedName": "? Dryosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76452", "collectionReferenceId": "76452", "cc": "DE", "state": "Nordrhein-Westfalen", "county": "", "formation": "Süntel", "member": "Unterbank", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bruns Quarry paleosol, Nettelstedt", "collection_aka": "Wiehengebirge", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bruns Quarry, Nettelstedt, in the Wiehengebirge (E of Osnabrueck)" }, { "genusId": "38731", "genus": "Dryosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1561457", "collectionId": "220417", "identifiedName": "Dryosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76998", "collectionReferenceId": "76998", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aaron Scott Quarry [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. 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Dryosaurus altus", "acceptedName": "Dryosaurus altus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Upper Split Rock Site 2", "collection_aka": "Rabbit Valley; CO-25", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper sandstone bed", "geogcomments": "near Split Rock, Rabbit Valley" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Dryosauridae", "Dryosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Dryosauridae", "genus:38731" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38731", "321465", "38733" ], "candidateIds": [ "38731", "321465", "38733" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38605", "name": "Dryptosaurus", "displayName": "Dryptosaurus", "attribution": "Marsh 1877", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1877", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38605", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Dryptosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "38605" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38605", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dryptosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38605" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38605", "genus": "Dryptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "255621", "collectionId": "14455", "identifiedName": "cf. 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E) of Barnsboro (=Barnesboro), Mantua Township, Gloucester Co., NJ" }, { "genusId": "38605", "genus": "Dryptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488193", "collectionId": "14566", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Dryptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryptosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38605", "genus": "Dryptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545124", "collectionId": "14522", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Dryptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryptosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fish Tooth Hill, UCMP V-5918", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38605", "genus": "Dryptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "558044", "collectionId": "57915", "identifiedName": "? Dryptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryptosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1580", "collectionReferenceId": "40648", "cc": "US", "state": "New Jersey", "county": "Monmouth", "formation": "Navesink", "member": "", "geological_group": "Monmouth", "collection_name": "Big Brook (Navesink)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Boundary Rd. in Marlboro" }, { "genusId": "38605", "genus": "Dryptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1262129", "collectionId": "14504", "identifiedName": "cf. Dryptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryptosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54671", "collectionReferenceId": "2163", "cc": "US", "state": "New Jersey", "county": "Monmouth", "formation": "Mount Laurel", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "Monmouth", "collection_name": "Upper Hop Brook, Holmdel", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "1 mi SE of Crawford's Corner, Upper Hop Brook, Holmdel" }, { "genusId": "38605", "genus": "Dryptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1263261", "collectionId": "125953", "identifiedName": "Dryptosaurus aquilunguis", "acceptedName": "Dryptosaurus aquilunguis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54671", "collectionReferenceId": "54671", "cc": "US", "state": "New Jersey", "county": "Monmouth", "formation": "Merchantville", "member": "", "geological_group": "Matawan", "collection_name": "6 miles northwest of Freehold [AMNH + YPM]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "also assigned to Marshalltown Fm.", "geogcomments": "\"about 6 mi. NW of Freehold\", therefore close to Manalapan; 8 km northwest of Freehold near Manalapan–Marlboro township line\nAMNH database: \"Freehold about 6 mi. NW NJ. Monmouth (county), New Jersey, The United States of America, North America, 13 mi. from South River in Englishtown or Marlboro Township\" - which suggests it is NOT the same as the Gordon's Corner locality (because this is not near Englishtown)." }, { "genusId": "38605", "genus": "Dryptosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1416072", "collectionId": "14455", "identifiedName": "cf. Dryptosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Dryptosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66642", "collectionReferenceId": "1580", "cc": "US", "state": "New Jersey", "county": "Monmouth", "formation": "Marshalltown", "member": "", "geological_group": "Matawan", "collection_name": "Ellisdale Site", "collection_aka": "Crosswicks Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along Crosswicks Creek" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Dryptosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "genus:38605" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65079", "38605", "372448", "399346", "53212", "395956", "362111" ], "candidateIds": [ "38605" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "new egypt" ], "label": "New Egypt Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "485130", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dryptosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Appalachiosaurus", "Gualicho", "Moros", "Nanotyrannus", "Suskityrannus", "Teihivenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dryptosaurus": [ "485130" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38605" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "71332", "name": "Dubreuillosaurus", "displayName": "Dubreuillosaurus", "attribution": "Allain 2005", "rawAttribution": "Allain 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71332", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Megalosauridae", "Eustreptospondylinae", "Dubreuillosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38574", "67930", "71332" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Keep defensible genus-specific guilds, normalize insectivore/piscivore to animal-based with qualifiers, and apply Lesothosaurus/Silesaurus overrides. A genus-valued PBDB basis is not itself proof of direct observations.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "136689", "name": "Duriavenator", "displayName": "Duriavenator", "attribution": "Benson 2008", "rawAttribution": "Benson 2008", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=136689", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Megalosauridae", "Megalosaurinae", "Duriavenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38574", "67925", "136689" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=136689", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Duriavenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=136689" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "136689", "genus": "Duriavenator", "occurrenceId": "516477", "collectionId": "52319", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus hesperis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Duriavenator hesperis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14127", "collectionReferenceId": "14070", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Upper Inferior Oolite", "member": "", "geological_group": "Inferior Oolite", "collection_name": "Greenhill, Sherborne (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation, Parkinsonia parkinsoni Zone, Garantiana garantiana subzone; also called the \"freestone\" of the Inferior Oolite", "geogcomments": "Redhole Lane, about 1 mi N of Abbey, *or* back of houses on N side of Cold Harbour Road (= Coldharbour Road). 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "435346", "name": "Dynamoterror", "displayName": "Dynamoterror", "attribution": "McDonald et al. 2018", "rawAttribution": "McDonald et al. 2018", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=435346", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Teratophoneini", "Dynamoterror" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "38606", "65352", "503935", "435346" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=435346", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dynamoterror", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=435346" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "435346", "genus": "Dynamoterror", "occurrenceId": "1554571", "collectionId": "219263", "identifiedName": "Dynamoterror dynastes n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dynamoterror dynastes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76219", "collectionReferenceId": "76219", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Menefee", "member": "Allison", "geological_group": "Mesaverde", "collection_name": "Dynamoterror type locality [UMNH] (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "Juans Lake Beds", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the Allison Member, Menefee Formation", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in San Juan Co., placed in an arbitrary outcrop of the Juans Lake Beds on BLM land" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Teratophoneini", "Dynamoterror" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "clade:Tyrannosauridae", "clade:Tyrannosaurinae", "clade:Teratophoneini", "genus:435346" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163807", "435346", "38627", "176780" ], "candidateIds": [ "163807", "435346", "38627", "176780" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "63897", "name": "Dyoplosaurus", "displayName": "Dyoplosaurus", "attribution": "Parks 1924", "rawAttribution": "Parks 1924", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63897", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Euoplocephalini", "Dyoplosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52798", "374251", "63897" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63897", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dyoplosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63897" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "63897", "genus": "Dyoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "467015", "collectionId": "46332", "identifiedName": "Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12348", "collectionReferenceId": "12348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 2, Happy Jack Ferry", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River, Sternberg Quarry 93, ROM, U.T.2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "Red Deer River, 1 mile south of river, 2.5 miles up from Happy Jack Ferry. Alberta (badlands); SW 1/4, sec 4, T21, R11, LSD 4. UTM NAD83 E466,786.580 N5,622,422.480" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Euoplocephalini", "Dyoplosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "clade:Ankylosaurinae", "clade:Euoplocephalini", "genus:63897" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "candidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "56513", "name": "Dysalotosaurus", "displayName": "Dysalotosaurus", "attribution": "Virchow 1919", "rawAttribution": "Virchow 1919", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56513", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Dryosauridae", "Dysalotosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "38730", "56513" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56513", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dysalotosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56513" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "56513", "genus": "Dysalotosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475160", "collectionId": "47146", "identifiedName": "Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18585", "collectionReferenceId": "18585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Ig, Kindope", "collection_aka": "Quarry Jg, Dysalotosaurus Quarry, quarry WJ, Iguanodonten-Schicht\r\n\r\n\r\n", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed\r\nFour closely spaced but discrete monodominant bonebeds\r\nSchwarz et al. 2023: at least three levels within the member contain Dysalotosaurus bonebeds at this site.\r\nHeinrich (2001): Miospore and dinoflagellate assemblages recovered from matrix, housed in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin (Institut fur Palaontologie), suggest a Kimmeridgian to Tithonian age for bone bed Wj (Schrank 1999, 2000), whereas associated charophytes (Schudack 1999) and ostracods (Schudack & Schudack 2001) indicate a Kimmeridgian age for this bone-bearing deposit. Further biostratigraphic studies are needed to determine more precisely the age of the two bone beds at Tendaguru Site dy.", "geogcomments": "2.3 km NNW of Tendaguru Hill, near Kindope, ca. 400 m S of quarry St. Includes Bonebeds 1-4 (BB1, BB2, BB3, BB4)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Dryosauridae", "Dysalotosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. Animal-based feeding is the broad guild; later derived small forms may specialise on insects. Insectivore is a qualified subtype, not proof of exclusively ants or termites. Explicit early-genus profiles override this rule.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] }, { "id": "G3", "title": "Growth and miniaturization among alvarezsauroid dinosaurs", "authors": "Qin et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "citation verified in D6; full paper not read in this task", "dietSupport": "Used only as background for the later miniaturisation/insectivory hypothesis; not sufficient alone to assign a particular genus an exclusive insect diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=473892", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dzharaonyx", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=473892" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "473892", "genus": "Dzharaonyx", "occurrenceId": "1627438", "collectionId": "93204", "identifiedName": "Dzharaonyx eski n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dzharaonyx eski", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85048", "collectionReferenceId": "31496", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dzharakuduk (general)", "collection_aka": "Amtosaurus archibaldi holotype", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "'Lower part of Taikarshin Beds' of Nessov (1988)", "geogcomments": "Dzhyrakuduk (Dzharakuduk), near Bukhara, central Kyzylkum Desert, 50 km W of Bukantau. Refers to Bissekty materials that were not assigned to a particular specific locality within Dzharakuduk" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Parvicursorinae", "Dzharaonyx" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "alvarezsaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Add conventional maniraptoran ancestors; this is chosen game topology, not proof every competing high-level analysis is false.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Alvarezsauria", "clade:Alvarezsauroidea", "clade:Alvarezsauridae", "clade:Parvicursorinae", "genus:473892" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "473892" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UZ", "bissekty" ], "label": "Bissekty Formation · UZ", "occurrenceId": "1627438", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dzharaonyx" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Ceratonykus", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dzharaonyx": [ "1627438" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "473892" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "433625", "name": "Dzharatitanis", "displayName": "Dzharatitanis", "attribution": "Averianov and Sues 2021", "rawAttribution": "Averianov and Sues 2021", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=433625", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Dzharatitanis" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "433625" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=433625", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Dzharatitanis", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=433625" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "433625", "genus": "Dzharatitanis", "occurrenceId": "1548625", "collectionId": "58168", "identifiedName": "Dzharatitanis kingi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Dzharatitanis kingi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75738", "collectionReferenceId": "38131", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-14, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk; Dzhara-Kuduk, Dzhirakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk, Kul’beke, TsBI-14", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 57 m above the base of the formation", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area, 32 km SW of Mynbulak" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Dzharatitanis" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "genus:433625" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "433625" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UZ", "bissekty" ], "label": "Bissekty Formation · UZ", "occurrenceId": "1548625", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dzharatitanis" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Gannansaurus", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Jiangxititan", "Liubangosaurus", "Sibirotitan", "Sonidosaurus", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dzharatitanis": [ "1548625" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "433625" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38717", "name": "Echinodon", "displayName": "Echinodon", "attribution": "Owen 1861", "rawAttribution": "Owen 1861", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38717", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Heterodontosauridae", "Echinodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "38722", "38717" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38717", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Echinodon", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38717" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38717", "genus": "Echinodon", "occurrenceId": "301092", "collectionId": "28401", "identifiedName": "Echinodon becklesii", "acceptedName": "Echinodon becklesii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8338", "collectionReferenceId": "8336", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Lulworth", "member": "Worbarrow Tout", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Sunnydown Farm Quarry (clay: upper horizon; equivalent to DB 102/103 )", "collection_aka": "Langton Matravers", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Uppermost Lulworth Beds of Casey 1963, lying just below the Cinder Member, the base of which currently marks the Jr/K boundary in Southern England. Section originally published by Ensom 1985. Correlated with horizon DB102 in Durlston Bay.\r\nEnsom & Sigogneau-Russell (1998, p. 35): The upper horizon lies at the junction of a clay, locally termed the 'Sly', which immediately underlies the 'Cap' bed, 2.6 m below the base of the Cinder Member. This clay-limestone interface can be equated confidently with beds DB 102/103 in Durlston Bay (CLements 1993).\r\nCherty Freshwater Mbr now = top of Worbarrow Tout Mbr.", "geogcomments": "Sunnydown Farm Quarry, near Langton Matravers (SY 9822 7880)" }, { "genusId": "38717", "genus": "Echinodon", "occurrenceId": "460028", "collectionId": "45330", "identifiedName": "Echinodon becklesii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Echinodon becklesii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14066", "collectionReferenceId": "14066", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorsetshire", "formation": "Lulworth", "member": "Worbarrow Tout", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "cliff face, Durlston Bay", "collection_aka": "Durdleston Bay, Echinodon type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "single bed but member uncertain, described as ?Marly or ?Cherty Freshwater Member, Middle Purbeck Beds, Purbeck Limestone Formation; Mansel-Pleydell lists it as the Feather Bed in the \"Middle Purbecks\"", "geogcomments": "Durlston Bay, near Swanage, Dorset, England (coordinates for Swanage); high in cliff" }, { "genusId": "38717", "genus": "Echinodon", "occurrenceId": "516472", "collectionId": "52312", "identifiedName": "Echinodon becklesii", "acceptedName": "Echinodon becklesii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11798", "collectionReferenceId": "8338", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Lulworth", "member": "Worbarrow Tout", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Lovell's Quarry, Langton Matravers (DB102)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "= Middle Purbeck Beds; equivalent to DB102", "geogcomments": "near Swanage, Dorset. NGR SY 980 790" }, { "genusId": "38717", "genus": "Echinodon", "occurrenceId": "516473", "collectionId": "52312", "identifiedName": "cf. Echinodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Echinodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11798", "collectionReferenceId": "8338", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Lulworth", "member": "Worbarrow Tout", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Lovell's Quarry, Langton Matravers (DB102)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "= Middle Purbeck Beds; equivalent to DB102", "geogcomments": "near Swanage, Dorset. NGR SY 980 790" }, { "genusId": "38717", "genus": "Echinodon", "occurrenceId": "1383400", "collectionId": "53021", "identifiedName": "cf. Echinodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Echinodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63745", "collectionReferenceId": "15259", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Delta", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Young locality, Delta (MWC–122.1)", "collection_aka": "Wells Gulch, Young egg site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 38 m below the top of the Salt Wash Member", "geogcomments": "Site is northwest of Delta, and 22 mi. SE of Grand Junction, in Wells Gulch, SW 1/4, sec 26, T14S, R98W, 6th P.M." }, { "genusId": "38717", "genus": "Echinodon", "occurrenceId": "1558152", "collectionId": "142093", "identifiedName": "Echinodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Echinodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82353", "collectionReferenceId": "46154", "cc": "FR", "state": "Poitou-Charentes", "county": "Charente", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Angeac-Charente", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Gardonian\". Original stratigraphy used layers An1 to An5, top to bottom: An 1 (fine sand), An 2 (calcareous), An 3 (calcareous conglomerate), An 4 (lignitic clay), and An 5 (green clay). These were redefined in 2020 with a new system, bottom to top, so that: An 5 = Unit 1; An 4 is split into Unit 2 (sandy clay) and Unit 3 (lignitic clay with lenses); An 2 + An 3 = Unit 4. An 5 is no longer present. The bonebed represents units 2, 3, and 4.\r\nFrom Allain et al. 2022: The recently proposed earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian) age of the Angeac-Charente locality, based on both charophytes and palynomorphs (Benoit et al. 2017; Polette et al. 2018), is here confirmed by the vertebrate fauna.", "geogcomments": "700 m N of village of Angeac-Charente, between Cognac and Angoulême" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Heterodontosauridae", "Echinodon" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "path-audit-heterodontosauridae-ancestry", "rationale": "Apply the same published early ornithischian grade to core descendants and Eocursor; do not mix incompatible parents.", "references": [ { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Heterodontosauridae", "genus:38717" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38717", "157200" ], "candidateIds": [ "38717", "157200" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "63919", "name": "Edmontonia", "displayName": "Edmontonia", "attribution": "Sternberg 1928", "rawAttribution": "Sternberg 1928", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63919", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Edmontonia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "63919" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63919", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Edmontonia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63919" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Livius et al. (2026), Redescription of the Panoplosaurus mirus holotype skull using computed tomography, and a new comparative scheme for panoplosaurin cranial ornamentation", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2026.2636589", "access": "full paper, systematic palaeontology and biostratigraphy read" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "468949", "collectionId": "14446", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia longiceps", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia longiceps", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3008", "collectionReferenceId": "3008", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Chouteau", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Clambank Hollow Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "40 feet below top of formation; Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec 31, T24N, R17E; in a small creek running parallel to an E-W dirt road N of the silos of the Halley ranch." }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "488098", "collectionId": "14470", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "39778", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Makela-French 1 (Mammal 1)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-77083, Makela's French I, Ward's Extension, UCMP V-79109", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "Kennedy Coulee. Includes later \"Ward's Extension\" to Makela-French 1" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "488298", "collectionId": "14582", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Lead Slug Hill 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72208", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "491001", "collectionId": "49528", "identifiedName": "? Edmontonia sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "55542", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Adams", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Berkeley Bluffs (UCM Loc. 82031)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 27", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "at Berkeley Bluffs" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "491034", "collectionId": "49539", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "13266", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Arapahoe", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Oak Place, Westminster (DMNH Loc. 1513)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "housing development in Westminster, CO" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "513847", "collectionId": "14502", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia cf. longiceps", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia longiceps", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13943", "collectionReferenceId": "13943", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "St. Mary River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Scabby Butte, Site 3", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "this collection and others from the area are from about 30 m of section\r\n\"probably\" just above the Bearpaw Shale: Sloan and Russell 1974", "geogcomments": "one of six sites 4.1 km NE of Nobleford in secs 18 and 19, Tp. 11, Rge. 22\r\non an erosional bench on a westward pomontory near the northeast corner of NE1/4, NW1/4, sec. 18." }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "513852", "collectionId": "52078", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14082", "collectionReferenceId": "14082", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "Matanuska-Susitna", "formation": "Matanuska", "member": "3", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Matanuska ankylosaur site (DPMWA)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "probably Pachydiscus kamishakensis zone", "geogcomments": "Matanuska-Susitna Borough, along a 10 m high bluff undercut at high water by a small side channel of Caribou Creek" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "521251", "collectionId": "14494", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3313", "collectionReferenceId": "3313", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "Coal Ridge", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Woodpile Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "535320", "collectionId": "47628", "identifiedName": "Denversaurus schlessmani n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia longiceps", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14876", "collectionReferenceId": "68340", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Corson", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Twito ranch (DMNH)", "collection_aka": "Dwito, L&W locality 38b", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Twito ranch, about 16 mi S of McIntosh; near SW corner of sec 25, T20N, R21E, Corson Co., SD" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "565501", "collectionId": "59111", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15355", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 137 (I) (UA)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "not the same as Quarry 137 listed in Currie (2005) and Pinna (1979)" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "741099", "collectionId": "79692", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia longiceps n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia longiceps", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26781", "collectionReferenceId": "26781", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "7 miles northwest of Morrin (20 ft level) [NMC]", "collection_aka": "Edmontonia type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "560 ft above base of Edmonton", "geogcomments": "7 mi NW of Morrin, 20 ft above Red Deer River; sec 28, T31, R21, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "944717", "collectionId": "68015", "identifiedName": "cf. Edmontonia sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36226", "collectionReferenceId": "19433", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 834", "collection_aka": "VL-834", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "estimated (but not stated) as near Rattlesnake Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "944719", "collectionId": "68014", "identifiedName": "cf. Edmontonia sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36226", "collectionReferenceId": "19433", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 746", "collection_aka": "VL-746", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "estimated (but not stated) as near Rattlesnake Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "1231948", "collectionId": "162137", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52782", "collectionReferenceId": "52782", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Bearpaw Shale", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Manyberries [Bearpaw] (TMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bearpaw badlands SE of Manyberries, exact site not recorded" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "1384286", "collectionId": "189814", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7748", "collectionReferenceId": "1135", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "1.5 miles south of Wax Works (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Big Bend NP, Tornillo Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "E bank Tornillo Creek, ca. 1.5 miles south of old Wax Works, Chisos Mtns." }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "occurrenceId": "1588500", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Denversaurus schlessmanni", "acceptedName": "Edmontonia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "cc": "CA", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "nodosauridae-3", "formation": "Dinosaur Park" }, { "genusId": "63919", "genus": "Edmontonia", "cc": "US", "qualified": true, "literatureId": "nodosauridae-11", "formation": "Aguja" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Edmontonia" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:63919" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "63919" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "horseshoe canyon" ], "label": "Horseshoe Canyon Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "741099", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Edmontonia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Edmontonia": [ "741099" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "63919" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38761", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Edmontosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38761" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "248620", "collectionId": "14616", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus cf. annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67361", "collectionReferenceId": "39778", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sandstone Basin, UCMP V-80092", "collection_aka": "UCMP locality V80092; MOR HC-530, Doldrums", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The locality is a small shallow wash with extensive exposures of a bone-rich basal lag of the Ten Meter Sand (Hartman et al., 2014; Fowler, 2016). The Ten Meter Sand occurs ~10 m below the contact with the overlying Fort Union Formation (which is visible in adjacent cliffs ~100 m to the east), hence V80092/HC-530 is located in the upper part of the upper third of the Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "255376", "collectionId": "24790", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus copei n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "6950", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Perkins", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Moreau River (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 37", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Laramie\" = Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "listed only as Dakota, but emended to \"near Moreau River, Black Hills, SD\" by Brett-Surman (1990); coordinates are for \"Moreau River badlands\"; area is N of the Black Hills. Listed as \"north-east of the Black Hills\" in Osborn 1909." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "280099", "collectionId": "26760", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81886", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Grave bonebed, Hanson Ranch", "collection_aka": "Edmontosaurus bonebed, Dragons' Grave, Roxson, HR", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY. Includes five quarries from the same bonebed: North (N), South (S), Southeast (SE), West (W), and Teague (T) plus three exploratory quarries to determine extent: Toe, Neufeld (Neu), and DKC." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "287919", "collectionId": "14557", "identifiedName": "cf. Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "774", "collectionReferenceId": "774", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Greasewood Creek", "collection_aka": "SDSM V-685", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from \"a blowout\"" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "367435", "collectionId": "34744", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17034", "collectionReferenceId": "9231", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Drumheller bone bed, Munson Ferry (80 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Bleriot Ferry; RTMP Locality L1504", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "found \"low in the lower member of the Edmonton Formation\" (now = Horseshoe Canyon Fm.)", "geogcomments": "1.5 miles S of Munson Ferry on Red Deer River near Drumheller, Alberta. SW corner of subdivision 6, section 10, T30, R21, W of 4th meridian. Approx. 9.5 miles NW of Drumheller. Horizon is about 80 ft. above river. (Also described as near Bleriot Ferry, about 10 km NW of RTMP.)" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463047", "collectionId": "45675", "identifiedName": "Thespesius saskatchewanensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12110", "collectionReferenceId": "12049", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wood Mountain, Rocky Creek", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 13, Morgan Creek, Grasslands National Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from \"various levels\" in the \"Lance\"\r\n\r\nFrenchman Fm. was originally included within the overlying Ravenscrag Fm., but the two are now separate. Frenchman Fm. is Maastrichtian and Ravenscrag is Danian (see Eberth et al. 2019)\r\n", "geogcomments": "Wood Mountain, near Rocky Creek (= Morgan Creek), now Grasslands National Park, southern Saskatchewan; Sec 15, T1, R5, W of 3rd meridian" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463073", "collectionId": "45676", "identifiedName": "Thespesius edmontoni n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12048", "collectionReferenceId": "12051", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Michichi Creek, GSC [NMC]", "collection_aka": "T. edmontoni", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "listed as \"Edmonton Formation\", but this is now a group and the modern formational equivalent for the site is not clear", "geogcomments": "Sec. 30, T29, R19, W 4th meridian, on Michichi creek, 5 miles from Drumheller, Red Deer River, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "464342", "collectionId": "13142", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4381", "collectionReferenceId": "4377", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone County", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bug Creek Anthills", "collection_aka": "Bug Creek, BCA, OMNH V1173", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper 1/3 of formation, 80 ft below coal bed", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 and SW 1/4, Sec. 9, T 22 N, R 43 E. Near Fort Peck Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "465692", "collectionId": "46120", "identifiedName": "Trachodon longiceps n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12304", "collectionReferenceId": "12304", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Converse", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hatcher Springs, Johnson Brothers' ranch", "collection_aka": "Trachodon longiceps type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "same stratum as Triceratops horridus type", "geogcomments": "150 yds below Triceratops horridus type site, just below mouth of tributary from N, directly opposite Johnson Brothers' sheep ranch buildings, near \"Hatcher Springs\", on S side of canyon which enters Buck Creek from W, Converse Co., WY" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "465717", "collectionId": "46128", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12304", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Creek (USNM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "between collections 46126 & 46127, near summit of 20-foot-tall perpendicular wall; formerly Converse Co." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "466193", "collectionId": "46209", "identifiedName": "Claosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12334", "collectionReferenceId": "12334", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "north of Lance Creek", "collection_aka": "Claosaurus annectens plesiotype", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T38N, R64W, no section listed but coordinates for sec 18, \"north of Lance Creek\" (originally Converse Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "466194", "collectionId": "46210", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Weld", "formation": "Laramie", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Owl Creek (UCM Loc. 80013)", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 43, Lone Tree Creek, Loc. 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec. 22, T11N, R66W, on Owl Creek, a small tributary of Lone Tree Creek, Weld Co." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "466863", "collectionId": "46320", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus edmontoni", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62727", "collectionReferenceId": "12345", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "3 miles above Munson Ferry [ROM]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "W side of Red Deer River, 3 miles above Munson Ferry, 140 feet above water" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "474093", "collectionId": "47034", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80623", "collectionReferenceId": "23425", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Corson", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Little Beaver Creek", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Standing Rock Hadrosaur Site", "collection_aka": "Concordia Hadrosaur Site, CHS, SRHS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in a 470-m long bluff along Grand River in Corson Co., 40 miles SE of Lemmon, SD and S of Morristown" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483655", "collectionId": "14505", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "3880", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altman Blowout", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5616", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from a single blowout", "geogcomments": "\"Altman property, on the Lance Creek-Crazy Woman Creek divide, east of the Lance Creek-Hampshire road, 17.3 miles by road north of Lance Creek\"; coordinate based on Lance Creek (not the town) - changed to coordinates from UCMP database" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487145", "collectionId": "48836", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "McCone County (USNM 10289)", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 13", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 28, T27N, R49E" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488017", "collectionId": "14546", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73083", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488054", "collectionId": "14549", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 5", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73087; UWBM C1614; UCMP V73087", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488357", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "cf. Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489300", "collectionId": "49234", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17549", "collectionReferenceId": "62882", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "7 miles northwest of Morrin Bridge (90 ft level) [GSC]", "collection_aka": "Edmontosaurus paratype, NMC, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 16, T31, R21, W 4th meridian; 7 miles (11 km) NW of Morrin, just N of Morrin Bridge, W side of Red Deer River, 90 ft (ca. 30 m) above water level" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489304", "collectionId": "49238", "identifiedName": "Claosaurus annectens n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9095", "collectionReferenceId": "9095", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Schneider Creek", "collection_aka": "Claosaurus annectens type, Lance Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T39N, R64W (coordinates for sec 22), just S of Cheyenne River at Schneider Creek, near Lance Creek" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490992", "collectionId": "49524", "identifiedName": "Agathaumas milo n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53327", "collectionReferenceId": "53327", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Adams", "formation": "Laramie", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bijou Creek (USG&GS)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "also listed as Arapahoe Fm. and \"Bitter Creek Coal Series\"", "geogcomments": "along Bijou Creek, probably in at least two places, but exact localities unknown; L&W describe the locality as \"evidently from the watershed between the South Platte River and Lodge Pole Creek, Colorado\"" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "496314", "collectionId": "50088", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13466", "collectionReferenceId": "13466", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cattle Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "38 feet above contact with Fox Hills Sandstone", "geogcomments": "on Cattle Creek, Garfield Co., MT; in E 1/2, NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 27, T22N, R39E." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "504694", "collectionId": "51316", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17549", "collectionReferenceId": "17549", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "mouth of Three Hills Creek, Horsethief Canyon (200 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Threehills Creek, Edmontosaurus type, NMC/GSC, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "below N. 9 coal seam", "geogcomments": "Red Deer River, opposite mouth of Three Hills Creek (Threehills Creek), 200 ft (ca. 60 m) above river level, S end of Horsethief Canyon" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513851", "collectionId": "52077", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus cf. regalis", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61518", "collectionReferenceId": "13943", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "St. Mary River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Scabby Butte, Site 5", "collection_aka": "NMC Locality P-5706", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Refer to Langston, W., Jr. 1975. A late Cretaceous vertebrate fauna from the St. Mary River Formation in western Canada. Athlon, Roy. Ont. Mus. Spec. Publ.\r\n", "geogcomments": "Northwest escarpment in NW1/4, sec.18, about 20 ft below upper prairie level." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519911", "collectionId": "52905", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14221", "collectionReferenceId": "5690", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Schrader Bluff", "member": "Rogers Creek", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Umiat, Schrader Bluff", "collection_aka": "Ocean Point", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Schrader Bluff, near Umiat Mountain" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "521040", "collectionId": "14621", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1921", "collectionReferenceId": "1921", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Morton", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Stumpf Site (Level B)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "9 km SE of Huff" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "530470", "collectionId": "54176", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14648", "collectionReferenceId": "14648", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Horse Shoe Bend (no. 7)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "1/4 mile from expedition camp on Horse Shoe Bend, on the Cheyenne River" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "530472", "collectionId": "54178", "identifiedName": "Trachodon annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63352", "collectionReferenceId": "12385", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Horse Shoe Bend, South Schneider Creek (no. 13)", "collection_aka": "Senckenberg mummy", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Horse Shoe Bend, on South Schneider Creek, near the Cheyenne River" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "535195", "collectionId": "55385", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus cf. annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14880", "collectionReferenceId": "14880", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south of Ft. Peck (LACM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "South of Ft. Peck Reservoir, NE 1/4, Sec. 36, T21N, R35E, Montana" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545131", "collectionId": "14527", "identifiedName": "cf. Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dwarf Lighthouse (UCMP V-5622)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545148", "collectionId": "14609", "identifiedName": "cf. Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Premolar Site", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5625", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545467", "collectionId": "14579", "identifiedName": "cf. Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kent 484", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5820", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545972", "collectionId": "57162", "identifiedName": "cf. Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Richard I. Blowout, UCMP V-5719", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545976", "collectionId": "57163", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Blackberry Prospect, UCMP V-5917", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545996", "collectionId": "57166", "identifiedName": "cf. Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fish Tooth Hill, UCMP V-5918", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "546004", "collectionId": "57168", "identifiedName": "cf. Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Savage 1, UCMP V-5922", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "546008", "collectionId": "57169", "identifiedName": "cf. Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Big Debris Blowout, UCMP V-5712", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "546009", "collectionId": "57170", "identifiedName": "cf. Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hadrosaur site, UCMP V-5916", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557548", "collectionId": "57764", "identifiedName": "Trachodon annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34576", "collectionReferenceId": "36149", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "hadrosaur \"mummy\" (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "In the lowest levels or \"basal sandstones\" of the series", "geogcomments": "Lance outcrops of Niobara Co. (formerly Converse Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557549", "collectionId": "57765", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "58850", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cook Ranch, Crooked Creek (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Cook's ranch near Crooked Creek, 130 miles NW of Miles City" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "558017", "collectionId": "57914", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Brownie Butte, Hell Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Site is approx. 1 km north of the butte" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "558180", "collectionId": "57919", "identifiedName": "cf. Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15577", "collectionReferenceId": "15577", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Sioux", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Fort Yates area", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Plesiosaur vertebrate and ammonite might be from th Pierre Shale Formation", "geogcomments": "In the vicinity of Fort Yates" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "604188", "collectionId": "64339", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18556", "collectionReferenceId": "18556", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Red Deer River hadrosaur [PMA]", "collection_aka": "RTMP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along the Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "623677", "collectionId": "67129", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bear Creek/Rock Creek (UMMP)", "collection_aka": "Fort Peck", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near boundary with Ft. Union Fm.", "geogcomments": "along Bear Creek, 28-30 mi S and E of Ft. Peck - lited as sec 22, T29N, R43W in Lull & Wright 1942; approx. 24 mi SE of Ft. Peck, along a small tributary of Rock Creek in SE 1/4, sec 36, T23N, R43E, 1/4 mi W of Bonin shool house" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "688094", "collectionId": "74009", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus copei", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "63664", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Crooked Creek (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Crooked Creek, 130 miles NW of Miles City" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "690128", "collectionId": "74175", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81555", "collectionReferenceId": "54013", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ruby Site, Haystack Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Haystack Butte, NE Butte County" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "692637", "collectionId": "14674", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus copei", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2333", "collectionReferenceId": "2333", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chris's Bonebed (CBB)", "collection_aka": "MPM 2256", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "approx 35 m below base of \"Z coal\", high in Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of sec 10, T24N, R43E; along Ft. Peck Reservoir, S of Ft. Peck" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "710080", "collectionId": "76062", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70521", "collectionReferenceId": "25756", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Danek Bonebed (TMP L2379)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Danek Bonebed, in south-suburban Edmonton, along the banks of Whitemud Creek (according to news reports)" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "776420", "collectionId": "83299", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12332", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Rosebud", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Castle Butte (USNM)", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Castle Buttle, 7 mi NW of Forsyth, MT" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "783906", "collectionId": "84455", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79669", "collectionReferenceId": "28299", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "\"Dakota\" site, Sonsalia Ranch", "collection_aka": "Marmarth", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "W of Marmarth, on ranch belonging to Tyler Lyson's uncle, Mike Sonsalla" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "828773", "collectionId": "91359", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12443", "collectionReferenceId": "30722", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tylosteus type site (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "Missouri River, Blackfeet", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "originally described as \"Black Foot Country...at the head of the Missouri River,\" but ref 12443 speculates that this is in error for Little Missouri River, Blackfeet Indian lands, and was likely from the ridge separating the drainages of the Little Missouri and Powder Rivers, in SW Carter or SE Powder River counties." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "848406", "collectionId": "94370", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76810", "collectionReferenceId": "4218", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Fox Coulee Quarry", "collection_aka": "FC, Midland Provincial Park, Day Digs", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Fox Coulee, about 3 km E of the RTMP. LSD 14-16-29-20W4; on E side of the abandoned railroad right-of-way in Midland Provincial Park. Listed in Bogner et al. 2005: 2001 Day Digs Site, 12U0377631 UTM 5704236; Dominion Land Survey SW 1/4-2-16-29-20-W4M" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123609", "collectionId": "128559", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "14442", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sandstone bluff, Dogie Creek", "collection_aka": "Doegie Creek, Dolgie Creek, Lance Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\" . . . Ceratops beds of the Laramie formation . \" (Hay, 1908, p. 63). The Lance Formation of current usage (Clemens, 1963).", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek, opposite the mouth of Dolgie Creek\" (Hay, 1908, p. 63) Converse County, Wyoming, now Niobrara County. In the Lance Creek area (Clemens, 1963, map in pocket) there is no \"Dolgie\" Creek but there is a Dogie Creek. The mouth of Dogie Creek is well within the area of the Lance Formation. Lull & Wright 42 describe the locality as 3 mi N of the mouth of Doegie Creek." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123610", "collectionId": "142326", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheep Mountain (CM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Sheep Mtn., Carter Co." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123611", "collectionId": "142375", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "53256", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "George Bonefield's property, 15 miles south of Camp Crook", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 33", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "15 miles south of Camp Crook, very probably the unspecified site on George Bonefield's property listed in Holland 1928 (who lived in T16N, R1W of Harding Co.)." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123612", "collectionId": "72143", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "24421", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Billy Creek, CM Loc. 982", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from Billy Creek, MT" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123613", "collectionId": "142376", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "53185", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hell Creek (CM general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Laramie beds\"", "geogcomments": "near Hell Creek, locality unspecified" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1171020", "collectionId": "49016", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "13079", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sand Arroyo/ Prairie Elk Creek (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Sand Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sand Arroyo (Sand Creek), 16 miles SE of Lismas, MT. 4 mi E of the CK Ranch; also listed as in the badlands between Sand Creek and Prairie Elk (Creek)" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1171179", "collectionId": "150933", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "7 miles north of Sheldon's Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "7 miles north of Sheldon's Ranch" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1171574", "collectionId": "45878", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "9259", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Seven Mile Creek (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 30, Locality 17", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sec 14, 15 or 16 (used 15), T40N, R63W; Seven Mile Creek Drainage, 2.6 (not 5 or 6) miles N of Cheyenne River, Niobrara Co. (originally Converse and not Weston Co.), Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1171606", "collectionId": "150976", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Schneider Creek (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Lance Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Schneider Creek, Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1171607", "collectionId": "52695", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek (YPM 1891 general)", "collection_aka": "Hatcher Sk. 31", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "exact locality not mapped, center of general Lance Creek area used" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1171609", "collectionId": "11931", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "4210", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "upper end, Gilbert Creek", "collection_aka": "Ankylosaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "61-67 m below K-T boundary", "geogcomments": "upper end of Gilbert Creek, 120 miles north of Miles City, MT. \"probably\" section 27 or 28, T22N, R40E, Garfield Co. Coordinates for sec. 27." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1171638", "collectionId": "131865", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "14442", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hell Creek (AMNH general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "'Laramie deposits'", "geogcomments": "12 miles south of Missouri River, on Hell Creek, 130 miles west of Miles City" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1182429", "collectionId": "152403", "identifiedName": "? Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49055", "collectionReferenceId": "49055", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "8 miles upriver from Devon bridge", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "bonebed ca. 15 ft. above river level. \"equivalent\" to Horseshoe Canyon Fm.\r\nFor revised age stratigraphy of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, see Eberth and Braman 2012 and Eberth et al. 2020", "geogcomments": "8 mi. upriver from Devon bridge, N bacnk of North Saskatchewan River. Ceratopsian specimen from 0.25 mi. upriver." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1210702", "collectionId": "157189", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51520", "collectionReferenceId": "51520", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "\"Sue\" site (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "area of Faith, on the Cheyenne River Indian Reservation (county unclear)" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1247524", "collectionId": "138447", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78153", "collectionReferenceId": "76812", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Wapiti", "member": "Unit 4", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Willow Falls Bonebed", "collection_aka": "Tanke Site 2", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper unit four of the Wapiti Formation (equivalent to the lower part of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation in southern Alberta), which accumulated during the latest Campanian. Dinosaur is from a fallen boulder in this area.", "geogcomments": "ca. 75 km W of Graind Prairie, along the Red Willow River" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1263151", "collectionId": "14455", "identifiedName": "cf. Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54671", "collectionReferenceId": "1580", "cc": "US", "state": "New Jersey", "county": "Monmouth", "formation": "Marshalltown", "member": "", "geological_group": "Matawan", "collection_name": "Ellisdale Site", "collection_aka": "Crosswicks Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along Crosswicks Creek" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1350473", "collectionId": "183109", "identifiedName": "cf. Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61095", "collectionReferenceId": "61095", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Powder River", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lane's Little Jaw Site", "collection_aka": "LLJS Quarry; LACM 7942", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "upper Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1383192", "collectionId": "189568", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63812", "collectionReferenceId": "63708", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "8.5 miles northwest of Munson (180 ft level)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower Edmonton Fm.\"", "geogcomments": "sec. 33, T30, R21, W 4th meridian; 8.5 mi. NW of Munson, 180 ft. above river" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1409294", "collectionId": "192251", "identifiedName": "Anatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry anthills", "collection_aka": "SDSM V638, V639, V640, V644, V645, V646", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs, ca. 100 ft. downslope of Eureka Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1431974", "collectionId": "14502", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13943", "collectionReferenceId": "13943", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "St. Mary River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Scabby Butte, Site 3", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "this collection and others from the area are from about 30 m of section\r\n\"probably\" just above the Bearpaw Shale: Sloan and Russell 1974", "geogcomments": "one of six sites 4.1 km NE of Nobleford in secs 18 and 19, Tp. 11, Rge. 22\r\non an erosional bench on a westward pomontory near the northeast corner of NE1/4, NW1/4, sec. 18." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1447749", "collectionId": "202036", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69212", "collectionReferenceId": "69212", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RAM locality V200029 (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "RAM locality V200029, at an unspecified location in McCone County" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559715", "collectionId": "69621", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76810", "collectionReferenceId": "76810", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Prehistoric Park [RTMP]", "collection_aka": "Day Digs, PP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the south side of the Red Deer River in badlands adjacent to an industrial park. PP refers to a now-abandoned outdoor recreational facility that once included dinosaur and other “sculptures” positioned along trails set in the badlands" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559734", "collectionId": "220119", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76810", "collectionReferenceId": "76810", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Bleriot Ferry bonebed", "collection_aka": "Day Digs, BF", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "The BF Bonebed occurs on the east side of the river, just south of the Bleriot Ferry (Provincial Highway 838)" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1572472", "collectionId": "51889", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78035", "collectionReferenceId": "13817", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "Kogosukruk Tongue", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry", "collection_aka": "Kikak Creek, Kekak-Tegoseak, KKT", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Radioisotopic dates derived from multiple tuff beds throughout this section of the Prince Creek Formation range from 68Ma to 71Ma, with an average estimate of 69.1+/20.3Ma, placing it in the early Late Maastrichtian. Palynological samples from the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry itself correlate reasonably well with the radioisotopic data, showing an Early Maastrichtian assemblage", "geogcomments": "Along Kikak Creek near where it empties into the Colville River; about 80 km upriver from Liscomb Quarry.\r\nThe Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry is located in the extensive exposures of the Prince Creek Formation along bluffs bordering the Colville River, North Slope Borough, Alaska, USA" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1587212", "collectionId": "224286", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79651", "collectionReferenceId": "79651", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Binion Ranch, LACM Loc. 7233", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Binion Ranch, near the town of Jordan in Garfield County, central-eastern Montana; Maloney Hill quadrant, SE 1/4 of NE 1/4 Sect. 5; Township 20 N; Range 38 E" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1588478", "collectionId": "224483", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80623", "collectionReferenceId": "80623", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Meade", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Ruth Mason Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "RMDQ", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ruth Mason Dinosaur Quarry, on the Ruth Mason ranch, near Faith, SD" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1588493", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1591798", "collectionId": "225035", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81410", "collectionReferenceId": "81410", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Dawson", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Dry Creek [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along Dry Creek, Dawson Co." }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1622294", "collectionId": "229474", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84079", "collectionReferenceId": "84079", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RSM loc. 72F07-0023", "collection_aka": "Chambery Coulee", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"within the sandy facies of the Upper Frenchman Formation\"", "geogcomments": "RSM lo- cality 72F07-0023, within Chambery Coulee, ca. 4 km NW of the Tyrannosaurus site [RSM loc. 72F07-0022]" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2048054", "collectionId": "276655", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "2 miles above Munson Ferry [USNM]", "collection_aka": "Bleriot, Munson", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "stratigraphy based on location; collection information gives only \"Edmonton Formation\"", "geogcomments": "2 mi. above Munson Ferry, W side of Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2063018", "collectionId": "278539", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus regalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94557", "collectionReferenceId": "94557", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "Starland County", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "3.5 km north of Morrin Bridge (UA)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "between Coal Zones 8 and 9", "geogcomments": "E side of Red Deer River, ca. 3.5 km N of Morrin Bridge, Treaty 7 territory" }, { "genusId": "38761", "genus": "Edmontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2066198", "collectionId": "279180", "identifiedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "acceptedName": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "95088", "collectionReferenceId": "95088", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Dawson", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR HC-387 [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "position within formation is undetermined", "geogcomments": "unspecified location on BLM-managed land in Dawson County" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Edmontosaurini", "Edmontosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "hadrosaur-saurolophine-working-model", "rationale": "Reconcile imported traditional crestless-hadrosaur branches with the chosen basal-Hadrosaurus topology; preserve all finer descendants and apply the Hadrosaurus genus override last. This is a topology choice, not a synonym assertion.", "references": [ { "id": "addendum-madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary article indexed full-text extracts of the Hadrosaurinae, Saurolophinae and Brachylophosaurini entries; direct PMC open CAPTCHA and PeerJ open 403.", "finding": "Hadrosaurinae has Hadrosaurus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier. Saurolophinae has Saurolophus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier, with an additional exclusion condition for Hadrosaurus. These names are topology-dependent alternatives for the Saurolophus branch; they are not unconditional synonyms. Brachylophosaurini explicitly excludes Hadrosaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn656search0", "turn659search0" ] }, { "id": "addendum-ma2026", "title": "First Report of a Hollow Cranial Crest in an Early-Diverging Duck-Billed Dinosaur, with Implications for Convergent Evolution of Acoustic Signaling", "doi": "10.3390/biology15080615", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/15/8/615", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-04-13", "access": "Primary publisher indexed full-text section 5; direct open 429.", "finding": "Updated hadrosauroid analysis recovers Hadrosaurus as the earliest-diverging hadrosaurid, separate from Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae. This supplies a recent primary precedent for the chosen basal placement.", "webRefs": [ "turn670search0" ] } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Saurolophinae", "clade:Edmontosaurini", "genus:38761" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38761", "330232" ], "candidateIds": [ "38761", "330232" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64391", "name": "Efraasia", "displayName": "Efraasia", "attribution": "Galton 1973", "rawAttribution": "Galton 1973", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64391", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Efraasia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "64391" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Core sauropodomorph functional comparison supports increased plant dependence; unspecialised teeth allow animal supplementation.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Efraasia; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64391", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Efraasia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64391" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64391", "genus": "Efraasia", "occurrenceId": "149988", "collectionId": "13285", "identifiedName": "Efraasia minor", "acceptedName": "Efraasia minor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19481", "collectionReferenceId": "44534", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "Stuttgart", "formation": "Löwenstein", "member": "Lower Stubensandstein", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Goessel Quarry 375, Ochsenbach", "collection_aka": "Goesel", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Stubensandstein = lower part of Löwenstein Fm. (Norian). Specimen comes from single level within layers 18–20 of the profile of Ochsenbach published by Brenner (1978, Arb. Inst. Geol. Palaont. Univ. Stuttgart 72:103–203)", "geogcomments": "SE part of abandoned former Goessel quarry, 175 m NW of Ochsenbach church (Gauß-Krüger coordinates R 3498500, H 5431825, see Benton 1994), Stromberg region. Coordinates estimated from Google Earth" }, { "genusId": "64391", "genus": "Efraasia", "occurrenceId": "479548", "collectionId": "47800", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus diagnosticus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Efraasia minor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26359", "collectionReferenceId": "43877", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "", "formation": "Löwenstein", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Burrer Quarry, Pfaffenhofen", "collection_aka": "Burrerschen Quarry, Weisser Steinbruch, Heilbronn", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from \"untere Fäule\", originally assigned to lowermost marl band of Middle Stubensandstein. Middle Keuper, Middle Norian; now middle part of Löwenstein Fm.", "geogcomments": "Mr. A. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38546", "name": "Elaphrosaurus", "displayName": "Elaphrosaurus", "attribution": "Janensch 1920", "rawAttribution": "Janensch 1920", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38546", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Noasauridae", "Elaphrosaurinae", "Elaphrosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "54535", "453520", "38546" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Skull unknown; closest elaphrosaurine comparison Limusaurus", "references": [ { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] }, { "id": "G6", "title": "The theropod dinosaur Elaphrosaurus bambergi Janensch, 1920, from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania", "authors": "Rauhut and Carrano", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1111/zoj.12425", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zoj.12425", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Close relationship with Limusaurus provides a provisional diet inference for a skull-less genus, not proof of plant consumption.", "webRefs": [ "turn569view3" ] } ], "confidence": "low", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38546", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Elaphrosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38546" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38546", "genus": "Elaphrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475209", "collectionId": "47146", "identifiedName": "Elaphrosaurus bambergi", "acceptedName": "Elaphrosaurus bambergi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12560", "collectionReferenceId": "18585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Ig, Kindope", "collection_aka": "Quarry Jg, Dysalotosaurus Quarry, quarry WJ, Iguanodonten-Schicht\r\n\r\n\r\n", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed\r\nFour closely spaced but discrete monodominant bonebeds\r\nSchwarz et al. 2023: at least three levels within the member contain Dysalotosaurus bonebeds at this site.\r\nHeinrich (2001): Miospore and dinoflagellate assemblages recovered from matrix, housed in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin (Institut fur Palaontologie), suggest a Kimmeridgian to Tithonian age for bone bed Wj (Schrank 1999, 2000), whereas associated charophytes (Schudack 1999) and ostracods (Schudack & Schudack 2001) indicate a Kimmeridgian age for this bone-bearing deposit. Further biostratigraphic studies are needed to determine more precisely the age of the two bone beds at Tendaguru Site dy.", "geogcomments": "2.3 km NNW of Tendaguru Hill, near Kindope, ca. 400 m S of quarry St. Includes Bonebeds 1-4 (BB1, BB2, BB3, BB4)." }, { "genusId": "38546", "genus": "Elaphrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475222", "collectionId": "47153", "identifiedName": "Elaphrosaurus bambergi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Elaphrosaurus bambergi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12561", "collectionReferenceId": "12560", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry dd", "collection_aka": "quarry HS, British Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "2.5 km N of Tendaguru, near Kindope, near quarry Y and N of quarry ST (EH)" }, { "genusId": "38546", "genus": "Elaphrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560971", "collectionId": "58510", "identifiedName": "? Elaphrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Elaphrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry (MSM)", "collection_aka": "WY-71", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo; on the sheep ranch of John Arno, NW 1/4, Sec. 36, T48N, R83W, Johnson County, Wyoming, Robinson Canyon Quadrangle 7.5 series" }, { "genusId": "38546", "genus": "Elaphrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1249648", "collectionId": "164948", "identifiedName": "cf. Elaphrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Elaphrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29347", "collectionReferenceId": "29347", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Kouah Trick", "collection_aka": "Tamounrerin", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "See revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "close to Tamounrerein, at the foot of the main Kem Kem cliff" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Noasauridae", "Elaphrosaurinae", "Elaphrosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Noasauridae", "clade:Elaphrosaurinae", "genus:38546" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38546" ], "candidateIds": [ "38546" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "472264", "name": "Elemgasem", "displayName": "Elemgasem", "attribution": "Baiano et al. 2022", "rawAttribution": "Baiano et al. 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=472264", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Furileusauria", "Elemgasem" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "138556", "336873", "472264" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=472264", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Elemgasem", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=472264" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "472264", "genus": "Elemgasem", "occurrenceId": "1626564", "collectionId": "230241", "identifiedName": "Elemgasem nubilus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Elemgasem nubilus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84809", "collectionReferenceId": "84809", "cc": "AR", "state": " Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Portezuelo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Sierra del Portezuelo locality, c. 20 km west of Cutral-Có city", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Furileusauria", "Elemgasem" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauridae", "clade:Brachyrostra", "clade:Furileusauria", "genus:472264" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54533", "472264", "491504", "435367", "53941", "54538", "336874" ], "candidateIds": [ "472264" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "portezuelo" ], "label": "Portezuelo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1626564", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Elemgasem" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Carnotaurus", "Koleken", "Llukalkan", "Pycnonemosaurus", "Quilmesaurus", "Viavenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Elemgasem": [ "1626564" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "472264" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38556", "name": "Elmisaurus", "displayName": "Elmisaurus", "attribution": "Osmolska 1981", "rawAttribution": "Osmolska 1981", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38556", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Caenagnathinae", "Elmisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "54544", "67954", "38556" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. A blanket verified omnivore label is too strong; preserve potential animal supplementation and genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38556", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Elmisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38556" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38556", "genus": "Elmisaurus", "occurrenceId": "937808", "collectionId": "55257", "identifiedName": "Nomingia sp.", "acceptedName": "Elmisaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82304", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav I [HMNS-GIN/KID]", "collection_aka": "Bugin-tsav, northern outcrops of Bugin Tsav; Bügiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern area of Bugin Tsav; N: 43-51-5909; E: 100-00-3976; A: 982m\r\nBugin-tsav, southern Gobi Desert" }, { "genusId": "38556", "genus": "Elmisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1338409", "collectionId": "180698", "identifiedName": "Elmisaurus rarus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Elmisaurus rarus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10141", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Northern Sayr, site 13 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem013", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of \"upper beds\" = Nemegt Fm", "geogcomments": "Northern Sayr, Nemegt locality, Nemegt basin, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "38556", "genus": "Elmisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1429043", "collectionId": "55257", "identifiedName": "Nomingia gobiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Elmisaurus rarus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14243", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav I [HMNS-GIN/KID]", "collection_aka": "Bugin-tsav, northern outcrops of Bugin Tsav; Bügiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern area of Bugin Tsav; N: 43-51-5909; E: 100-00-3976; A: 982m\r\nBugin-tsav, southern Gobi Desert" }, { "genusId": "38556", "genus": "Elmisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1566024", "collectionId": "55257", "identifiedName": "Elmisaurus rarus", "acceptedName": "Elmisaurus rarus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77364", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav I [HMNS-GIN/KID]", "collection_aka": "Bugin-tsav, northern outcrops of Bugin Tsav; Bügiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern area of Bugin Tsav; N: 43-51-5909; E: 100-00-3976; A: 982m\r\nBugin-tsav, southern Gobi Desert" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Caenagnathinae", "Elmisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "clade:Caenagnathidae", "clade:Caenagnathinae", "genus:38556" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54542", "38556" ], "candidateIds": [ "54542", "38556" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "90545", "name": "Elopteryx", "displayName": "Elopteryx", "attribution": "Andrews 1913", "rawAttribution": "Andrews 1913", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=90545", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Elopteryx" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "162354", "64116", "90545" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. Animal-based feeding is the broad guild; later derived small forms may specialise on insects. Insectivore is a qualified subtype, not proof of exclusively ants or termites. Explicit early-genus profiles override this rule.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] }, { "id": "G3", "title": "Growth and miniaturization among alvarezsauroid dinosaurs", "authors": "Qin et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "citation verified in D6; full paper not read in this task", "dietSupport": "Used only as background for the later miniaturisation/insectivory hypothesis; not sufficient alone to assign a particular genus an exclusive insect diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=90545", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Elopteryx", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=90545" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "90545", "genus": "Elopteryx", "occurrenceId": "883348", "collectionId": "97948", "identifiedName": "Elopteryx nopcsai", "acceptedName": "Elopteryx nopcsai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33860", "collectionReferenceId": "33860", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Scoabă", "collection_aka": "Scoaba; Sânpetru-Scoabă, Sibişel Valley, SS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of the lower (but not basalmost) Maastrichtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\r\n\"Several vertebrate remains were discovered at different stratigraphic levels during the recent years in the Scoaba locality....As FGGUB R.1957 was found as a loose element, at the base of the section, its exact provenance is unknown\"", "geogcomments": "The Scoaba locality is situated in the lower part of the outcropping sequence, on the left side of the Sibişel Valley, includes several smaller excavations" }, { "genusId": "90545", "genus": "Elopteryx", "occurrenceId": "905413", "collectionId": "59410", "identifiedName": "Elopteryx nopcsai n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Elopteryx nopcsai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34611", "collectionReferenceId": "53030", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Szentpéterfalva, Hateg Basin", "collection_aka": "Sânpetru, Sînpetru, Sâmpetru, Sîmpetru, Sacel, La Carare, Sinpetru", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ţabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "on the Nopcsa family estate near Sînpetru (Szentpéterfalva), in the southern Carpathian Mtns., near Hunedoara, Hateg Basin" }, { "genusId": "90545", "genus": "Elopteryx", "occurrenceId": "1553460", "collectionId": "26369", "identifiedName": "Elopteryx nopcsai", "acceptedName": "Elopteryx nopcsai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76092", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nălaţ-Vad", "collection_aka": "Nalat-Vad; Nalatvad; Râul Mare River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower to middle part of the upper Maastricthtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\"Râul Mare beds\", possibly upper section of ? Sînpetru Fm. or the Densus-Ciula Fm.\r\n\"can be considered as slightly older than at Totesti-baraj\"; at least 7 horizons with eggs at the site.\r\nalso listed as early Maastrichtian Sînpetru Formation", "geogcomments": "Nalatvad (Nalat-Vad), in the Râul Mare Valley, 3 km downstream from Totesti-baaraj and between villages of Nalat and Vad. Three fossiliferous \"pockets\" at this locality." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Elopteryx" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "alvarezsaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Add conventional maniraptoran ancestors; this is chosen game topology, not proof every competing high-level analysis is false.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Alvarezsauria", "clade:Alvarezsauroidea", "clade:Alvarezsauridae", "genus:90545" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "90545" ], "candidateIds": [ "90545" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "161157", "name": "Elrhazosaurus", "displayName": "Elrhazosaurus", "attribution": "Galton 2009", "rawAttribution": "Galton 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=161157", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Dryosauridae", "Elrhazosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "38730", "161157" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=161157", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Elrhazosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=161157" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "161157", "genus": "Elrhazosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1438032", "collectionId": "37200", "identifiedName": "Valdosaurus nigeriensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Elrhazosaurus nigeriensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12770", "collectionReferenceId": "68572", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "Elrhaz", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "Niveau des Innocents, Gadoufaoua", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"niveau des innocents\" within the El Rhaz Formation", "geogcomments": "Gadoufaoua, east of Emechedoui wells" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Dryosauridae", "Elrhazosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Dryosauridae", "genus:161157" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "161157" ], "candidateIds": [ "161157" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "104623", "name": "Eocursor", "displayName": "Eocursor", "attribution": "Butler et al. 2007", "rawAttribution": "Butler et al. 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104623", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Eocursor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "104623" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104623", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Eocursor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104623" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "104623", "genus": "Eocursor", "occurrenceId": "686822", "collectionId": "73887", "identifiedName": "Eocursor parvus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Eocursor parvus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24820", "collectionReferenceId": "35638", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Damplaats (55), Ladybrand", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Originally interpreted by Butler et al. (2007) as from the lower Elliot Formation, of Late Triassic age, McPhee et al. (2017, APP) re-interpreted it as from the base of the upper Elliot Formation, of Early Jurassic age. ", "geogcomments": "farm Damplaats, near Ladybrand, Orange Free State" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Eocursor" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "genus:104623" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "104623" ], "candidateIds": [ "104623" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "174878", "name": "Eodromaeus", "displayName": "Eodromaeus", "attribution": "Martinez et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Martinez et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=174878", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Eodromaeus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "174878" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Quantitative dental models support animal-based feeding.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Eodromaeus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": null, "primaryInterpretation": "carnivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=174878", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Eodromaeus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=174878" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "174878", "genus": "Eodromaeus", "occurrenceId": "908663", "collectionId": "102380", "identifiedName": "Eodromaeus murphi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Eodromaeus murphi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34767", "collectionReferenceId": "34767", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "", "formation": "Ischigualasto", "member": "Valle de la Luna", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eodromaeus type, Valle de la Luna", "collection_aka": "Ischigualasto", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "30°04'04\"S, 67°56'11\"W; Valle de la Luna, southern Ischigualasto Provincial Park, San Juan," } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Eodromaeus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "174878", "rationale": "Use published basal theropod hypothesis; 2026 alternate herrerasaurian placement exists. Do not add Neotheropoda.", "references": [ { "id": "path-audit-eodromaeus2025", "title": "A Carnian theropod with unexpectedly derived features during the first dinosaur radiation", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-025-02868-4", "year": 2025, "reviewDate": "2026-10-11" } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "genus:174878" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "515869", "174878", "430203" ], "candidateIds": [ "515869", "174878", "430203" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66499", "name": "Eolambia", "displayName": "Eolambia", "attribution": "Kirkland 1998", "rawAttribution": "Kirkland 1998", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66499", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Eolambia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "66499" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66499", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Eolambia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66499" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66499", "genus": "Eolambia", "occurrenceId": "162544", "collectionId": "14404", "identifiedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "acceptedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78573", "collectionReferenceId": "1227", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "OMNH V824, Mussentuchit", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "66499", "genus": "Eolambia", "occurrenceId": "285083", "collectionId": "27067", "identifiedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13823", "collectionReferenceId": "14720", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Carol Jones Quarry (CEU)", "collection_aka": "Carol Site, State of Utah Loc. 42EM366V", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Overall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from approximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)\r\n", "geogcomments": "western Emery Co., E of Castle Dale" }, { "genusId": "66499", "genus": "Eolambia", "occurrenceId": "516831", "collectionId": "14402", "identifiedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "acceptedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13823", "collectionReferenceId": "1223", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "OMNH V696, Mussentuchit", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "66499", "genus": "Eolambia", "occurrenceId": "682891", "collectionId": "73611", "identifiedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "acceptedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24682", "collectionReferenceId": "82643", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Cifelli #2 Eolambia caroljonesa Quarry (20.2)", "collection_aka": "CEUM locality 42em432v, Eo2, Eolambia II", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "260 m N of a section taken in sec 28, T24S, R6E; at 38° 41' 17.34\" N, 111° 15' 41.16\" W" }, { "genusId": "66499", "genus": "Eolambia", "occurrenceId": "682915", "collectionId": "73612", "identifiedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "acceptedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24682", "collectionReferenceId": "24682", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Cifelli #2 Eolambia caroljonesa Quarry (22.2)", "collection_aka": "CEUM locality 42em432v, Eolambia II, Eo2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "260 m N of a section taken in sec 28, T24S, R6E; at 38° 41' 17.34\" N, 111° 15' 41.16\" W" }, { "genusId": "66499", "genus": "Eolambia", "occurrenceId": "682919", "collectionId": "73614", "identifiedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "acceptedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24682", "collectionReferenceId": "24682", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Cifelli #2 Eolambia caroljonesa Quarry (25.7)", "collection_aka": "CEUM locality 42em432v, Eo2, Eolambia II", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "260 m N of a section taken in sec 28, T24S, R6E; at 38° 41' 17.34\" N, 111° 15' 41.16\" W" }, { "genusId": "66499", "genus": "Eolambia", "occurrenceId": "682920", "collectionId": "73615", "identifiedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "acceptedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24682", "collectionReferenceId": "24682", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Cifelli #2 Eolambia caroljonesa Quarry (29.5)", "collection_aka": "CEUM locality 42em432v, Eo2, Eolambia II", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "260 m N of a section taken in sec 28, T24S, R6E; at 38° 41' 17.34\" N, 111° 15' 41.16\" W" }, { "genusId": "66499", "genus": "Eolambia", "occurrenceId": "883354", "collectionId": "97952", "identifiedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "acceptedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32617", "collectionReferenceId": "32617", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Cifelli #1 Eolambia caroljonesa Quarry", "collection_aka": "Cifelli I, Eolambia 1, Eo1, Eolambia I", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "260 m N of a section taken in sec 28, T24S, R6E; at 38° 41' 17.34\" N, 111° 15' 41.16\" W" }, { "genusId": "66499", "genus": "Eolambia", "occurrenceId": "1581411", "collectionId": "223378", "identifiedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "acceptedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78573", "collectionReferenceId": "1227", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "OMNH V237, Mussentuchit", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "66499", "genus": "Eolambia", "occurrenceId": "1581413", "collectionId": "223379", "identifiedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "acceptedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78573", "collectionReferenceId": "1227", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "OMNH V214, Mussentuchit", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "66499", "genus": "Eolambia", "occurrenceId": "1581414", "collectionId": "223380", "identifiedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "acceptedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78573", "collectionReferenceId": "1227", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery County", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "OMNH V866", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "66499", "genus": "Eolambia", "occurrenceId": "1581415", "collectionId": "223381", "identifiedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "acceptedName": "Eolambia caroljonesa", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78573", "collectionReferenceId": "78573", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Willow Springs 8 quarry", "collection_aka": "CEUM locality 42Em576v, Mussentuchit", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=525233", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Eopinacosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=525233" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "525233", "genus": "Eopinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "393071", "collectionId": "37807", "identifiedName": "Eopinacosaurus mephistocephalus n. gen.", "acceptedName": "Eopinacosaurus mephistocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "96014", "collectionReferenceId": "10079", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Bayan Nor", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SBDE Quarry 96BM3, Bayan Mandahu", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "possibly correlated with Djadokhta Formation", "geogcomments": "Bayan Mandahu, Urad Houqi banner, Bayan Nor league, Inner Mongolia, China" }, { "genusId": "525233", "genus": "Eopinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1040244", "collectionId": "55256", "identifiedName": "Eopinacosaurus mephistocephalus", "acceptedName": "Eopinacosaurus mephistocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "96014", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugrikin Shire I [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 44-13-42.28; E: 103-18-09.70; A: 1043m\r\n35 km W of Bayn Dzak" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Eopinacosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "clade:Ankylosaurinae", "genus:525233" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "525233", "38833" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "bayan mandahu" ], "label": "Bayan Mandahu Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "393071", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Eopinacosaurus", "Pinacosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta", "Jinyunpelta", "Minotaurasaurus", "Saichania", "Talarurus", "Tarchia", "Tsagantegia", "Zaraapelta" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Eopinacosaurus": [ "393071" ], "Pinacosaurus": [ "1559522", "1559523", "1559524", "1559525", "1639658" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "525233", "38833" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "57453", "name": "Eoraptor", "displayName": "Eoraptor", "attribution": "Sereno et al. 1993", "rawAttribution": "Sereno et al. 1993", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57453", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Eoraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "57453" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Latest quantitative analysis favours animal-based feeding; older mixed-feeding interpretation remains plausible. Do not eliminate it solely using a strict omnivore/carnivore distinction.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Eoraptor; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely animal-based; possibly mixed", "primaryInterpretation": "carnivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57453", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Eoraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57453" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "57453", "genus": "Eoraptor", "occurrenceId": "256434", "collectionId": "24877", "identifiedName": "Eoraptor lunensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Eoraptor lunensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6971", "collectionReferenceId": "6971", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "", "formation": "Ischigualasto", "member": "Cancha de Bochas", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "northeast edge, Cancha de Bochas", "collection_aka": "Eoraptor type, Valle de la Luna", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower third of formation. Collected from the \"Scaphonyx-Exaeretodon-Herrerasaurus\r\nbiozone\" of Martinez et al. (2011: Science 331: 206) which reportedly represents \"a narrow temporal interval from 231.5 to 229 Ma in the latter half of the Carnian stage\". ", "geogcomments": "NE edge, Cancha de Bochas, Valle de la Luna, Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, San Juan Province, Argentina" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Eoraptor" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "genus:57453" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519773", "347521", "57453", "515784" ], "candidateIds": [ "519773", "347521", "57453", "515784" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "255864", "name": "Eosinopteryx", "displayName": "Eosinopteryx", "attribution": "Godefroit et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Godefroit et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=255864", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Eosinopteryx" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "255864" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "This conservative unknown set prevents misleading carnivore certainty; it is not an assertion that herbivory or omnivory is demonstrated. Use another clue unless narrower reviewed anatomical evidence is supplied.; Coelurosauria/Paraves/Maniraptora alone is not a uniform ecological bracket. This task has no attributable genus-specific feeding evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=255864", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Eosinopteryx", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=255864" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "255864", "genus": "Eosinopteryx", "occurrenceId": "1097931", "collectionId": "106306", "identifiedName": "Eosinopteryx brevipenna n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Eosinopteryx brevipenna", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44398", "collectionReferenceId": "35452", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Jianchang", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Yaolugou locality", "collection_aka": "Jianchang", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Not clear if specimens come from one or multiple beds. \r\n\r\n\"The Tiaojishan Formation is generally regarded as Middle (Zhang & Zheng 1991; Liu et al. 2006; Cheng & Li 2007) to Upper Jurassic (Chang et al. 2009) (Late Bathonian-Early Kimmeridgian) in age, although it may date to the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) in Jianchang County (Davis et al. 2001). The unit has been dated using radiometric techniques at 169-152 Mya by Liu et al. (2006) and 165-156 Mya by Zhang et al. (2008).\" (Lü et al. 2010, Proc Roy Soc B 277, 383-389: supplement)", "geogcomments": "\"Yaolugou\", Jianchang county, W Liaoning. Not clear if this is a single locality or multiple within a local area. " } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Eosinopteryx" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] }, { "id": "255864", "rationale": "Use stable Paraves rather than inconsistent Troodontidae/Anchiornithidae fine assignments. Do not use a working move to alter PBDB-defined bird-subtree roster scope.", "references": [ { "id": "foth2017", "title": "Re-evaluation of the Haarlem Archaeopteryx and the radiation of maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5712154/", "doi": "10.1186/s12862-017-1076-y", "year": 2017, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ostromia and Anchiornis placed within Anchiornithidae near early avialans; conflicts with troodontid placement." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "genus:255864" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "255864", "38565", "68247", "372484", "193133" ], "candidateIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning" ], "label": "Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "1097931", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Eosinopteryx", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Caihong", "Paronychodon", "Pedopenna" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anchiornis": [ "829458", "929493", "1191912" ], "Eosinopteryx": [ "1097931" ], "Serikornis": [ "1407965" ], "Xiaotingia": [ "964027" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "346306", "name": "Eotrachodon", "displayName": "Eotrachodon", "attribution": "Prieto-Márquez et al. 2016", "rawAttribution": "Prieto-Márquez et al. 2016", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=346306", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Eotrachodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "346306" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=346306", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Eotrachodon", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=346306" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "346306", "genus": "Eotrachodon", "occurrenceId": "1340987", "collectionId": "181177", "identifiedName": "Eotrachodon orientalis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Eotrachodon orientalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "60214", "collectionReferenceId": "60214", "cc": "US", "state": "Alabama", "county": "Montgomery", "formation": "Mooreville Chalk", "member": "", "geological_group": "Selma", "collection_name": "AMg-1, Montgomery", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "This creek locality exposes both the upper portion of the Tombigbee Sand Member of the Eutaw Formation and the overlying lower unnamed member of the Mooreville Chalk. Data associated with specimen MSC 37499 indicates it was derived from the exposures of the lower unnamed member of the Mooreville Chalk. Upper Santonian, upper Dinarinella asymetrica T.R.Z. according to Ebersol & Ehret, 2018.", "geogcomments": "locality AMg-1, creek site within the city limits of Montgomery" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Eotrachodon" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57466", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Epachthosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57466" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "57466", "genus": "Epachthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "405527", "collectionId": "38952", "identifiedName": "Epachthosaurus sciuttoi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Epachthosaurus sciuttoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24617", "collectionReferenceId": "30646", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "Sarmiento", "formation": "Bajo Barreal", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Chubut", "collection_name": "6 km north of Estancia \"Ocho Hermanos\"", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper portion of the Lower Member", "geogcomments": "6 km N of Estancia \"Ochos Hermanos\", Sierra de San Bernardo, W of Lago Musters, S-central Chubut province, facing Bajo Guadaloso" }, { "genusId": "57466", "genus": "Epachthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "973062", "collectionId": "115564", "identifiedName": "Epachthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Epachthosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37379", "collectionReferenceId": "37379", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "", "formation": "Bajo Barreal", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Chubut", "collection_name": "Estancia \"Ocho Hermanos\"", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper portion of Lower Member of Bajo Barreal Formation", "geogcomments": "Estancia \"Ocho Hermanos,\" 70 km NW of Sarmiento, in the Sierra San Bernado anticline, S-central Chubut" }, { "genusId": "57466", "genus": "Epachthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "973069", "collectionId": "49099", "identifiedName": "Epachthosaurus sciuttoi", "acceptedName": "Epachthosaurus sciuttoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10539", "collectionReferenceId": "13118", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "Sarmiento", "formation": "Bajo Barreal", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Chubut", "collection_name": "6 km north of Estancia \"Ocho Hermanos\" (2)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper portion of the Lower Member", "geogcomments": "6 km N of Estancia \"Ochos Hermanos\", Sierra de San bernardo, W of Lago Musters, S-central Chubut province, 150 m from type sites of Epachthosaurus and Xenotarsosaurus" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Epachthosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "genus:57466" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "433884", "180311", "480843", "233928", "57466", "384013", "400667", "66268" ], "candidateIds": [ "57466" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo barreal" ], "label": "Bajo Barreal Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "973069", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Epachthosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Antarctosaurus", "Arackar", "Atacamatitan", "Bustingorrytitan", "Elaltitan", "Kaijutitan", "Nullotitan", "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Epachthosaurus": [ "405527", "973062", "973069" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57466" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "256492", "name": "Epichirostenotes", "displayName": "Epichirostenotes", "attribution": "Sullivan et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Sullivan et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=256492", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Caenagnathinae", "Epichirostenotes" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "54544", "67954", "256492" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. A blanket verified omnivore label is too strong; preserve potential animal supplementation and genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=256492", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Epichirostenotes", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=256492" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "256492", "genus": "Epichirostenotes", "occurrenceId": "1100654", "collectionId": "138968", "identifiedName": "Epichirostenotes curriei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Epichirostenotes curriei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44515", "collectionReferenceId": "10410", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Drumheller", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "John Neills Ranch (75 ft level) [ROM]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"member A\" according to Lindblad's field notes\r\nFor revised age stratigraphy of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, see Eberth and Braman 2012 and Eberth et al. 2020", "geogcomments": "1/4 mi. above John Neills Ranch, above 75 ft (23 m) above of river flat (E bank), equivalent to sec 34, T 30, R 21, W of 4th meridian" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Caenagnathinae", "Epichirostenotes" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "clade:Caenagnathidae", "clade:Caenagnathinae", "genus:256492" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "290022", "345864", "38558", "427201", "256492", "71334" ], "candidateIds": [ "256492" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CA", "horseshoe canyon", "drumheller" ], "label": "Drumheller Member · Horseshoe Canyon Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "1100654", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Epichirostenotes" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anzu", "Apatoraptor", "Caenagnathus", "Citipes", "Hagryphus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Epichirostenotes": [ "1100654" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "256492" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68184", "name": "Epidendrosaurus", "displayName": "Epidendrosaurus", "attribution": "Zhang et al. 2002", "rawAttribution": "Zhang et al. 2002", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68184", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Scansoriopterygidae", "Epidendrosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "137497", "68184" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "This conservative unknown set prevents misleading carnivore certainty; it is not an assertion that herbivory or omnivory is demonstrated. Use another clue unless narrower reviewed anatomical evidence is supplied.; Coelurosauria/Paraves/Maniraptora alone is not a uniform ecological bracket. This task has no attributable genus-specific feeding evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68184", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Epidendrosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68184" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68184", "genus": "Epidendrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "292850", "collectionId": "27891", "identifiedName": "Epidendrosaurus ningchengensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Epidendrosaurus ningchengensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7648", "collectionReferenceId": "47910", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Daohugou (IVPP collection)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Zhou et al (2013): \"The Daohugou site in the Tiaojishan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China; the locality was directly dated to be 165–164 million years (Myr) old\".\r\n\r\nOlder information: \"possible dates [range] from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. However, published radioisotopic [both 40Ar/39Ar and zircon U-Pb] dating results span... 152 to 168 Myr\" = Bathonian to Kimmeridgian (Zhang et al. 2008). Also referred to as Haifanggou Formation\r\n\r\n\"Several recent isotope datings, using both 40 Ar/39Ar and SHRIMP U-Pb methods, have indicated that the age of the (underlying) ignimbrite is between the late Middle Jurassic and early Late Jurassic, or 159-164 Ma. Therefore, the Daohugou Bed cannot be older than this age, and is not comparable to the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation\" (Wang et al. 2005). Unit is older than overlying Yixian Formation. Age is therefore constrained to Callovian-Barremian\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "Daohugou, Ningcheng county, eastern Nei Mongol (west of Liaoning province), northeastern China. 41°18.979 ′N, longitude 119°14.318′E" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Primary review treats Scansoriopteryx as the same taxon and discusses competing priority interpretation. An electronic/print publication argument is not a discovered ICZN ruling. Epidendrosaurus is a defensible current usage label but formal precedence must not be overstated.", "references": [ { "id": "agnolin2019", "title": "Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.3389/feart.2018.00252", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2018.00252/full", "access": "full_primary_review_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygidae discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Reviews Epidendrosaurus/Scansoriopteryx synonymy and earlier priority interpretation. It does not constitute an ICZN Opinion." }, { "id": "harris2004", "title": "Published works in the electronic age: recommended amendments to Articles 8 and 9 of the Code", "publicationYear": 2004, "publicationDate": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://cactus.utahtech.edu/jharris/ICZN_and_DOIs.pdf", "access": "primary_search_indexed_excerpt_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "BZN 61(3):138–148. Electronic versus printed publication issue is a published discussion, not a discovered Commission ruling. Full PDF was unavailable." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.4435/BSPI.2024.08", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379902868_A_Unified_Framework_for_Predatory_Dinosaur_Macroevolution", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygid taxon sampling and tentative synonymy" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Tentatively combines Epidexipteryx with Epidendrosaurus as one analytical OTU; explicitly provisional rather than consensus synonymy." } ] } ], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Primary review treats Scansoriopteryx as the same taxon and discusses competing priority interpretation. An electronic/print publication argument is not a discovered ICZN ruling. Epidendrosaurus is a defensible current usage label but formal precedence must not be overstated.", "references": [ { "id": "agnolin2019", "title": "Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.3389/feart.2018.00252", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2018.00252/full", "access": "full_primary_review_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygidae discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Reviews Epidendrosaurus/Scansoriopteryx synonymy and earlier priority interpretation. It does not constitute an ICZN Opinion." }, { "id": "harris2004", "title": "Published works in the electronic age: recommended amendments to Articles 8 and 9 of the Code", "publicationYear": 2004, "publicationDate": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://cactus.utahtech.edu/jharris/ICZN_and_DOIs.pdf", "access": "primary_search_indexed_excerpt_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "BZN 61(3):138–148. Electronic versus printed publication issue is a published discussion, not a discovered Commission ruling. Full PDF was unavailable." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.4435/BSPI.2024.08", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379902868_A_Unified_Framework_for_Predatory_Dinosaur_Macroevolution", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygid taxon sampling and tentative synonymy" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Tentatively combines Epidexipteryx with Epidendrosaurus as one analytical OTU; explicitly provisional rather than consensus synonymy." } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Scansoriopterygidae", "Epidendrosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] }, { "id": "68184", "rationale": "Keep stable scansoriopterygid grouping under Maniraptora; avoid requiring disputed paravian/avialan position. Epidexipteryx shallow source parent is inconsistent with diagnosed group.", "references": [ { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." }, { "id": "pennaraptor2020", "title": "Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress and New Frontiers", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.440.1.1", "doi": "10.1206/0003-0090.440.1.1", "year": 2020, "access": "Publisher original review extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Epidexipteryx treated as scansoriopterygid with Yi, Ambopteryx and Epidendrosaurus." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Scansoriopterygidae", "genus:68184" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "137496", "name": "Epidexipteryx", "displayName": "Epidexipteryx", "attribution": "Zhang et al. 2008", "rawAttribution": "Zhang et al. 2008", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=137496", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Epidexipteryx" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "137496" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "This conservative unknown set prevents misleading carnivore certainty; it is not an assertion that herbivory or omnivory is demonstrated. Use another clue unless narrower reviewed anatomical evidence is supplied.; Coelurosauria/Paraves/Maniraptora alone is not a uniform ecological bracket. This task has no attributable genus-specific feeding evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=137496", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Epidexipteryx", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=137496" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "137496", "genus": "Epidexipteryx", "occurrenceId": "789022", "collectionId": "27891", "identifiedName": "Epidexipteryx hui n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Epidexipteryx hui", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28756", "collectionReferenceId": "47910", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Daohugou (IVPP collection)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Zhou et al (2013): \"The Daohugou site in the Tiaojishan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China; the locality was directly dated to be 165–164 million years (Myr) old\".\r\n\r\nOlder information: \"possible dates [range] from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. However, published radioisotopic [both 40Ar/39Ar and zircon U-Pb] dating results span... 152 to 168 Myr\" = Bathonian to Kimmeridgian (Zhang et al. 2008). Also referred to as Haifanggou Formation\r\n\r\n\"Several recent isotope datings, using both 40 Ar/39Ar and SHRIMP U-Pb methods, have indicated that the age of the (underlying) ignimbrite is between the late Middle Jurassic and early Late Jurassic, or 159-164 Ma. Therefore, the Daohugou Bed cannot be older than this age, and is not comparable to the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation\" (Wang et al. 2005). Unit is older than overlying Yixian Formation. Age is therefore constrained to Callovian-Barremian\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "Daohugou, Ningcheng county, eastern Nei Mongol (west of Liaoning province), northeastern China. 41°18.979 ′N, longitude 119°14.318′E" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Cau 2024 tentatively combines Epidexipteryx and Epidendrosaurus in one OTU, interpreting differences through growth and incomplete preservation. This is a live proposal rather than settled consensus; a roster cut or wholesale specimen merger is not justified by this source alone.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.4435/BSPI.2024.08", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379902868_A_Unified_Framework_for_Predatory_Dinosaur_Macroevolution", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygid taxon sampling and tentative synonymy" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Tentatively combines Epidexipteryx with Epidendrosaurus as one analytical OTU; explicitly provisional rather than consensus synonymy." }, { "id": "agnolin2019", "title": "Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.3389/feart.2018.00252", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2018.00252/full", "access": "full_primary_review_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygidae discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Reviews Epidendrosaurus/Scansoriopteryx synonymy and earlier priority interpretation. It does not constitute an ICZN Opinion." } ] } ], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Cau 2024 tentatively combines Epidexipteryx and Epidendrosaurus in one OTU, interpreting differences through growth and incomplete preservation. This is a live proposal rather than settled consensus; a roster cut or wholesale specimen merger is not justified by this source alone.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.4435/BSPI.2024.08", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379902868_A_Unified_Framework_for_Predatory_Dinosaur_Macroevolution", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygid taxon sampling and tentative synonymy" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Tentatively combines Epidexipteryx with Epidendrosaurus as one analytical OTU; explicitly provisional rather than consensus synonymy." }, { "id": "agnolin2019", "title": "Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.3389/feart.2018.00252", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2018.00252/full", "access": "full_primary_review_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygidae discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Reviews Epidendrosaurus/Scansoriopteryx synonymy and earlier priority interpretation. It does not constitute an ICZN Opinion." } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Scansoriopterygidae", "Epidexipteryx" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] }, { "id": "137496", "rationale": "Keep stable scansoriopterygid grouping under Maniraptora; avoid requiring disputed paravian/avialan position. Epidexipteryx shallow source parent is inconsistent with diagnosed group.", "references": [ { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." }, { "id": "pennaraptor2020", "title": "Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress and New Frontiers", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.440.1.1", "doi": "10.1206/0003-0090.440.1.1", "year": 2020, "access": "Publisher original review extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Epidexipteryx treated as scansoriopterygid with Yi, Ambopteryx and Epidendrosaurus." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Scansoriopterygidae", "genus:137496" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "58926", "name": "Equijubus", "displayName": "Equijubus", "attribution": "You et al. 2003", "rawAttribution": "You et al. 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58926", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Equijubus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "58926" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58926", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Equijubus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58926" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "You, Li and Dodson (2014), Gongpoquansaurus mazongshanensis comb. nov., in Hadrosaurs", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270571183_Gongpoquansaurus_mazongshanensis_Lu_1997_comb_nov_Ornithischia_Hadrosauroidea_from_the_Early_Cretaceous_of_Gansu_Province_northwestern_China", "access": "indexed author-uploaded primary chapter" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "58926", "genus": "Equijubus", "occurrenceId": "460641", "collectionId": "45413", "identifiedName": "Equijubus normani n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Equijubus normani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11829", "collectionReferenceId": "11827", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "", "formation": "Zhonggou", "member": "Upper Gray Beds", "geological_group": "Xinminbao", "collection_name": "Equijubus type, Mazongshan", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Xinminpu Group. \"Middle Grey Unit.\" Previously assigned to Digou Fm.\r\nZhang et al. 2015: The palynomorph assemblages contain a large number of biostratigraphically significant palynomorphs, such as numerically abundant tricolpate and rare polyaperturate angiosperm pollen grains, which indicate an Early Albian age for the Zhonggou Formation", "geogcomments": "Mazongshan area, Gongpoquan Basin, Gansu province, China" }, { "genusId": "58926", "genus": "Equijubus", "cc": "CN", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-11", "formation": "Zhonggou", "state": "Gansu", "geological_group": "Xinminpu" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Equijubus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:58926" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "58926", "325973", "176311", "176313" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "gansu" ], "label": "Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-11", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Equijubus", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Jintasaurus", "Xuwulong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Haolong", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Equijubus": [ "460641" ], "Gongpoquansaurus": [ "458365" ], "Jintasaurus": [ "915091" ], "Xuwulong": [ "915093" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Equijubus": [ "asian-sauropod-11" ], "Gongpoquansaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-11" ], "Jintasaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-11" ], "Xuwulong": [ "asian-sauropod-11" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "58926", "325973", "176311", "176313" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38579", "name": "Erectopus", "displayName": "Erectopus", "attribution": "Huene 1923", "rawAttribution": "Huene 1923", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38579", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Metriacanthosauridae", "Erectopus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "64112", "235341", "38579" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38579", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Erectopus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38579" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38579", "genus": "Erectopus", "occurrenceId": "510834", "collectionId": "25127", "identifiedName": "aff. Erectopus sauvagei", "acceptedName": "Erectopus sauvagei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13775", "collectionReferenceId": "7054", "cc": "EG", "state": "Matruh", "county": "", "formation": "Baharîje", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gebel el Dist (7p)", "collection_aka": "Spinosaurus type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "p (or \"7p\") is the lowest layer at the site\r\n\r\nalso known as Bahariya Formation", "geogcomments": "3 km north of Gebel el Dist, in the plain at the base of the Baharîje Valley, Baharîje Oasis, near Marsa Matruh, Egypt" }, { "genusId": "38579", "genus": "Erectopus", "occurrenceId": "510838", "collectionId": "51746", "identifiedName": "aff. Erectopus sauvagei", "acceptedName": "Erectopus sauvagei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13775", "collectionReferenceId": "13775", "cc": "EG", "state": "Al Jizah", "county": "", "formation": "Baharîje", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gebel Mandisha", "collection_aka": "Gebel Mandi, Gebel Mandische", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also known as Bahariya Formation", "geogcomments": "E end of Gebel Mandisha, Baharije Oasis" }, { "genusId": "38579", "genus": "Erectopus", "occurrenceId": "510844", "collectionId": "51750", "identifiedName": "aff. Erectopus sauvagei", "acceptedName": "Erectopus sauvagei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13775", "collectionReferenceId": "13775", "cc": "EG", "state": "Matruh", "county": "", "formation": "Baharîje", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ain Murûn east (7p)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "layer p = 7p\r\nalso known as Bahariya Formation", "geogcomments": "300 m E of Ain Murûn" }, { "genusId": "38579", "genus": "Erectopus", "occurrenceId": "528246", "collectionId": "53950", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus superbus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Erectopus superbus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19140", "collectionReferenceId": "52651", "cc": "FR", "state": "Lorraine", "county": "Meuse", "formation": "La Penthiève Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bois de la Penthière, Louppy-le-Château", "collection_aka": "Huene 88, Sauvage", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Albian with Ammonites milletianus and mammillaris\"", "geogcomments": "Bois de la Penthière, near Louppy-le-Château, Meuse dept., Gault" }, { "genusId": "38579", "genus": "Erectopus", "occurrenceId": "534794", "collectionId": "55335", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus superbus", "acceptedName": "Erectopus superbus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19140", "collectionReferenceId": "92934", "cc": "FR", "state": "Champagne-Ardenne", "county": "Ardennes", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Grandpré, Ardennes", "collection_aka": "Huene 89, Sauvage", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Gault\"-age, level with Ammonites milletianus and A. mammillaris. Phosphatic nodules at the base of the Gault.", "geogcomments": "Grandpré, in the Ardennes Forest, NE France" }, { "genusId": "38579", "genus": "Erectopus", "occurrenceId": "534795", "collectionId": "55336", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus superbus", "acceptedName": "Erectopus superbus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46182", "collectionReferenceId": "46182", "cc": "FR", "state": "Champagne-Ardenne", "county": "Meuse", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bar-le-Duc", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Gault\"", "geogcomments": "Bar-le-Duc, Dept. Meuse" }, { "genusId": "38579", "genus": "Erectopus", "occurrenceId": "534796", "collectionId": "55337", "identifiedName": "? Megalosaurus superbus", "acceptedName": "Erectopus superbus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14128", "collectionReferenceId": "19137", "cc": "FR", "state": "Nord-Pas-de-Calais", "county": "Pas-de-Calais", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Blacourt, Boulogne-sur-Mer", "collection_aka": "Huene 91", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Gault\"", "geogcomments": "Blacourt, near Boulogne-sur-Mer" }, { "genusId": "38579", "genus": "Erectopus", "occurrenceId": "679801", "collectionId": "73351", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus superbus", "acceptedName": "Erectopus superbus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18719", "collectionReferenceId": "18719", "cc": "PT", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Papo Seco", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Serra da Arrabida, level 10b.", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "hand sample", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "2.50m\r\noriginally the \"Grès à Dinosauriens\"", "geogcomments": "Serie at North of Cap Espichel." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Metriacanthosauridae", "Erectopus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Metriacanthosauridae", "genus:38579" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38579" ], "candidateIds": [ "38579" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "72376", "name": "Erketu", "displayName": "Erketu", "attribution": "Ksepka and Norell 2006", "rawAttribution": "Ksepka and Norell 2006", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=72376", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Euhelopodidae", "Erketu" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "38699", "72376" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=72376", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Erketu", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=72376" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "72376", "genus": "Erketu", "occurrenceId": "566221", "collectionId": "59287", "identifiedName": "Erketu ellisoni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Erketu ellisoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16961", "collectionReferenceId": "58633", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bor Guvé", "collection_aka": "Erketu ellisoni type, Bur Gove", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Beds lie below the Tsaagan Tsonch beds and above the Khara Khuutul beds, both believed to be of late Early Cretaceous age.\r\n\r\nUpdate on age from Ksepka and Norell (2010): Deposits at Bor Guvé were originally interpreted as late Early Cretaceous in age because beds at this locality overlie the Khar Khutul beds (= Khara Khutul or Khar Hötöl). We previously considered the Khar Khutul beds to be Early Cretaceous in age (Ksepka and Norell, 2006) based on a ~128 Ma age reported for the lower part of the Tsagaantsav Svita by Shuvalov (2000). However, the application of the chronostratigraphic Svita concept to Cretaceous terrestrial deposits in Mongolia now appears to represent an oversimplification of the complexity characterizing these deposits (Eberth et al., 2009). Recent work in the area has suggested that the fossiliferous red beds at Shine Us Khudug in the local area belong to the Upper Cretaceous Javkhalant Formation (Eberth et al., 2009). Eberth et al. (2009) showed that these beds overlie the Baynshiree laterally to the east, south, and west. It appears that the Bor Guvé locality represents an extension of the known Baynshiree beds west of Shine Us Khudug. Furthermore, the beds are extraordinarily similar in lithology to classic Baynshiree strata in the adjacent area, and recent investigation during the summer of 2009 has demonstrated the presence of two types of freshwater mollusks typical of Baynshiree strata (Khaand, personal commun.). Provisionally we consider the sediments at the Bor Guvé locality to belong to the Baynshiree Formation. Although there has been much disagreement concerning the age and the composition of the Baynshiree Formation, Hicks et al. (1999) posit a Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Santonian) age for these and correlative strata on the basis of paleomagnetic and palynological evidence. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68373", "name": "Erliansaurus", "displayName": "Erliansaurus", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2002", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2002", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68373", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Therizinosauria", "Therizinosauroidea", "Therizinosauridae", "Erliansaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "57429", "67254", "64125", "38552", "68373" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant-dominated feeding is defensible for derived therizinosaurs, with transitions/animal supplementation qualified; apply equally when PBDB inherits only Coelurosauria.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. 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Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. 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Coordinates based upon town of Rosendal" }, { "genusId": "56613", "genus": "Eucnemesaurus", "occurrenceId": "1293849", "collectionId": "172834", "identifiedName": "Eucnemesaurus entaxonis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Eucnemesaurus entaxonis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56187", "collectionReferenceId": "56187", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Cannon Rock Farm, Aliwal North", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approximately 10–15 m above the Elliot-Molteno contact at the base of the lower Elliot Formation", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Riojasauridae", "Eucnemesaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Riojasauridae", "genus:56613" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56613" ], "candidateIds": [ "56613" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68125", "name": "Eucoelophysis", "displayName": "Eucoelophysis", "attribution": "Sullivan and Lucas 1999", "rawAttribution": "Sullivan and Lucas 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68125", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Silesauridae", "Sulcimentisauria", "Eucoelophysis" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "163003", "398795", "68125" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68125", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Eucoelophysis", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68125" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68125", "genus": "Eucoelophysis", "occurrenceId": "528638", "collectionId": "54007", "identifiedName": "Eucoelophysis baldwini n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Eucoelophysis baldwini", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14776", "collectionReferenceId": "14598", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Petrified Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Orphan Mesa Loc. 3", "collection_aka": "Cross Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "29 m below contact with the Rock Point Formation/Member; also known as the \"Painted Desert\" Member of the Petrified Forest Formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, NW 1/4, section 18, T24N, R5E. 2.5 km southeast of the Ghost Ranch quarry." }, { "genusId": "68125", "genus": "Eucoelophysis", "occurrenceId": "849947", "collectionId": "48422", "identifiedName": "Eucoelophysis sp.", "acceptedName": "Eucoelophysis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32134", "collectionReferenceId": "5707", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Siltstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ghost Ranch Quarry", "collection_aka": "Whitaker Quarry, Coelophysis Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Apachean LVF. Has been placed variously previously in the \"upper Petrified Forest Member\", in the \"siltstone member\" of the Chinle Formation, the Owl Rock Member and the Rock Point Member. ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 1, T24N, R4E. Ghost Ranch, orig. owned by Arthur N. Pack" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Eucoelophysis" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "68125", "rationale": "Use the published early ornithischian grade, removing the incompatible imported Silesauridae/Sulcimentisauria grouping. Do not imply a monophyletic family in this chosen model.", "references": [ { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." }, { "id": "path-audit-fonseca-supplement", "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary supplementary taxon table and anatomical comments read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11" } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "genus:68125" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470681", "68125", "466003", "398796", "38729", "119884", "38721" ], "candidateIds": [ "68125" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "US", "new mexico" ], "label": "New Mexico · US", "occurrenceId": "849947", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Eucoelophysis" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Amanasaurus", "Gamatavus", "Kwanasaurus", "Pisanosaurus", "Sacisaurus", "Technosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Eucoelophysis": [ "528638", "849947" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68125" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38701", "name": "Euhelopus", "displayName": "Euhelopus", "attribution": "Romer 1956", "rawAttribution": "Romer 1956", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38701", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Euhelopodidae", "Euhelopus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "38699", "38701" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38701", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Euhelopus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38701" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38701", "genus": "Euhelopus", "occurrenceId": "387068", "collectionId": "36971", "identifiedName": "cf. Euhelopus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euhelopus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33215", "collectionReferenceId": "9884", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Heishan", "formation": "Shahai", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Badaohao coal mine", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Coordinates are taken from Badaohao city. Fossils from a small coal mine in Badaohao." }, { "genusId": "38701", "genus": "Euhelopus", "occurrenceId": "474559", "collectionId": "47070", "identifiedName": "Helopus zdanskyi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Euhelopus zdanskyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18021", "collectionReferenceId": "40224", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Mengyin", "formation": "Mengyin", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ningchiakou, Mengyin", "collection_aka": "Ningjiagou, Meng-Yin series Uppsala/Geol. Survey China; Euhelopus zdanskyi type, Ning Chia Kou", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Fossils from \"lower and middle Mengyin Series\". Full age range ascribed to the Mengyin Formation is Tithonian to Aptian (but see Wilson and Upchurch 2009).\r\nRecent zircon dating has dated the Mengyin Formation to the Berriasian-Valanginian (Xu & Li, 2015)", "geogcomments": "2 li (0.6 mi) W of Ningchiakou, 40 li (28.3 mi) NW of Mengyinhsien (= Mengyin Xian), Mengyin county, Shantung (Shandong), China" }, { "genusId": "38701", "genus": "Euhelopus", "occurrenceId": "590313", "collectionId": "62326", "identifiedName": "Helopus zdanskyi", "acceptedName": "Euhelopus zdanskyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18021", "collectionReferenceId": "40224", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Mengyin", "formation": "Mengyin", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "0.6 mi. west of Ningchiakou", "collection_aka": "Ningjiagou, Uppsala/Geol. Survey China; Euhelopus exemplar b, Ning Chia Kou", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "fossils from \"lower and middle parts of the Meng-yin series.\" Age represents the full range ascribed to the Mengyin Formation (see Wilson and Upchurch 2009)\r\n\r\nRecent zircon dating has dated the Mengyin Formation to the Berriasian-Valanginian (Xu & Li, 2015)", "geogcomments": "1 li (0.6 mi) W of Ningchiakou, 39 li (28.3 mi) NW of Mengyinhsien (= Mengyin Xian), Mengyin county, Shantung (Shandong), China" }, { "genusId": "38701", "genus": "Euhelopus", "occurrenceId": "635864", "collectionId": "68401", "identifiedName": "cf. Euhelopus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euhelopus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13174", "collectionReferenceId": "19693", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tugulu", "collection_name": "Pingfengshan (IVPP/SCDP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "22 km N of Saqiuhe, 158 km N of Jimsar, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Junggar Basin, China. Name refers to cliffs developed in overlying Tugulu series." }, { "genusId": "38701", "genus": "Euhelopus", "occurrenceId": "717771", "collectionId": "53493", "identifiedName": "cf. Euhelopus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euhelopus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26084", "collectionReferenceId": "14918", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal member of Yixian Formation = Member 1 = Lujiatun beds; 40Ar/39Ar age for bed is 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma.\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Lujiatun village (N 41° 36.201'; E 120° 54.793'), Shangyuan, Beipiao City" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Euhelopodidae", "Euhelopus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Euhelopodidae", "genus:38701" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "38701" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "shandong", "mengyin" ], "label": "Mengyin · Shandong · CN", "occurrenceId": "590313", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Euhelopus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Euhelopus": [ "474559", "590313" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38701" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38838", "name": "Euoplocephalus", "displayName": "Euoplocephalus", "attribution": "Lambe 1910", "rawAttribution": "Lambe 1910", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38838", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Euoplocephalini", "Euoplocephalus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52798", "374251", "38838" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38838", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Euoplocephalus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38838" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/euoplocephalus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "475061", "collectionId": "22694", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8729", "collectionReferenceId": "5697", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Dino Ridge Quarry, MOR TM-023", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1569, DRQ, Landslide Butte", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min; upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "in the Landslide Butte field area, ca. 2 km from Canyon Bonebed (CBB)" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "483682", "collectionId": "14492", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "2602", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Makela-French 2", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-77084", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "488097", "collectionId": "14470", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "39778", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Makela-French 1 (Mammal 1)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-77083, Makela's French I, Ward's Extension, UCMP V-79109", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "Kennedy Coulee. Includes later \"Ward's Extension\" to Makela-French 1" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "489052", "collectionId": "48618", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus tutus", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus tutus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12772", "collectionReferenceId": "17480", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "1 mile below Steveville (75 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Ornatotholus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm,", "geogcomments": "left bank of Red Deer River, 75 feet above river, 1 mile (1/6 km) below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "501520", "collectionId": "14437", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1487", "collectionReferenceId": "25474", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Careless Creek Quarry (CCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the lower 1/3rd of the local section according to Penkalski and Dodson 1999\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma, ", "geogcomments": "on Careless Creek Ranch (owned by Lammers family), near Shawmut, Wheatland Co., about 150 km NW of Billings and 160 km S of Leidy-Cope localities on Missouri R." }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "565019", "collectionId": "59004", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus tutus", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus tutus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12046", "collectionReferenceId": "12046", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 59, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 2, U.A.3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.; now approx. 39 m above Oldman Fm. contact", "geogcomments": "badlands along Red Deer River, 0.75 mi SE of Steveville, 225 ft above river; UTM NAD83 E458172.517, N5631004.186" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "585227", "collectionId": "61627", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17500", "collectionReferenceId": "17500", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP \"locality 46\"", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 32, T20, R11, W 4th meridian; described as \"RTMP locality 46 (not the same as locality 46 of Sternberg, 1950)\", but RTMP Quarry 46 is a USNM/UMMP hadrosaur site" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "585231", "collectionId": "61628", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17500", "collectionReferenceId": "17500", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "5 miles south of Tolman Bridge (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 30, T32, R21, W 4th meridian; about 5 mi (8.05 km) S of Tolman Bridge" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "585235", "collectionId": "61631", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17500", "collectionReferenceId": "17500", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "St. Mary River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Holy Family Mission (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "6 mi (9.66 km) above Holy Family Mission, near Browning, MT" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "1134969", "collectionId": "135807", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus tutus", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus tutus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "46759", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Bearpaw Shale", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Deer River (Cutler collection)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Unspecified location on the Red Deer River [coordinates based on Dinosaur Provincial Park area]" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "1200025", "collectionId": "155228", "identifiedName": "Stereocephalus tutus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus tutus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25127", "collectionReferenceId": "52721", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "near mouth of Berry Creek (NMC)", "collection_aka": "Euoplocephalus type, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "East side of Red Deer River at mouth of Berry Creek; exact locality unknown" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "1220182", "collectionId": "159589", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52140", "collectionReferenceId": "52140", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "Shanshan", "formation": "Subashi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "eastern Turpan Basin (IVPP Loc. 66017)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "eastern Turpan basin" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "1418118", "collectionId": "35379", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17500", "collectionReferenceId": "9558", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "14 miles below Steveville (30 ft level)", "collection_aka": "C. kaiseni type, AMNH, 12 miles below", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 (or 12) miles below Steveville, on the Red Deer River, 40 feet above R bank, T21, R11, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "1418119", "collectionId": "196405", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17500", "collectionReferenceId": "17500", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "3.5 miles west of Little Sandhill Creek (NMC)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "3.5 mi. (5.64 km) W of mouth of Little Sandhill Creek" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "1418120", "collectionId": "196406", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17500", "collectionReferenceId": "17500", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "southwest badlands, Little Sandhill Creek [NMC]", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW extremity of badlands, Little Sandhill Creek" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "1418121", "collectionId": "196407", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus sp.", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17500", "collectionReferenceId": "17500", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "south side, Milk River ankylosaur [USNM]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S side, Milk River; sec 27, T 37 N, R 8 W, Blackfeet Indian Reservation" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "1418161", "collectionId": "196420", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus tutus", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus tutus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16964", "collectionReferenceId": "16964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 198", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 457876.822 E, 5630232.048 N. 04 R12W T021N S33" }, { "genusId": "38838", "genus": "Euoplocephalus", "occurrenceId": "1581476", "collectionId": "223397", "identifiedName": "Euoplocephalus tutus", "acceptedName": "Euoplocephalus tutus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78588", "collectionReferenceId": "78588", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "north side, Happy Jack's Ferry [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "UALVP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N side of Red Deer River, near Happy Jack's" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Euoplocephalini", "Euoplocephalus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "clade:Ankylosaurinae", "clade:Euoplocephalini", "genus:38838" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "candidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "81696", "name": "Europasaurus", "displayName": "Europasaurus", "attribution": "Sander et al. 2006", "rawAttribution": "Sander et al. 2006", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81696", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Camarasauromorpha", "Europasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "71921", "81696" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Struthiosaurinae", "Europelta" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "clade:Struthiosaurinae", "genus:284794" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "284794" ], "candidateIds": [ "284794" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81225", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Euskelesaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81225" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "PBDB 81225 is placed in Stegosauria with no occurrences; historical spelling points to Euskelosaurus, a Triassic sauropodomorph. Do not merge or fix inherited diet until source identity is verified.", "references": [ { "authors": "George Olshevsky", "year": 1991, "title": "A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, excluding the advanced Crocodylia", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original nomenclatural revision PDF downloaded and relevant entries read; not a modern peer-reviewed anatomical reassessment.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Printed pages 124, 126, 131, 152, 155, 158 and Yezosaurus entry" }, { "authors": "Claire Peyre de Fabrègues and Ronan Allain", "year": 2016, "title": "New material and revision of Melanorosaurus thabanensis, a basal sauropodomorph from the Upper Triassic of Lesotho", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4741091/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.1639", "access": "Primary modern revision accessible full text; uses Euskelosaurus.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ] }, { "category": "period", "reason": "No defensible period clue is currently supported." }, { "category": "geography", "reason": "No defensible geography clue is currently supported." } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Euskelesaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "genus:81225" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "38580", "name": "Eustreptospondylus", "displayName": "Eustreptospondylus", "attribution": "Walker 1964", "rawAttribution": "Walker 1964", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38580", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Megalosauridae", "Eustreptospondylinae", "Eustreptospondylus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38574", "67930", "38580" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38580", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Eustreptospondylus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38580" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38580", "genus": "Eustreptospondylus", "occurrenceId": "517989", "collectionId": "52552", "identifiedName": "Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13771", "collectionReferenceId": "62921", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "Oxford Clay", "member": "Stewartby", "geological_group": "Ancholme", "collection_name": "Summertown Pit, Wolvercote (OUM)", "collection_aka": "Eustreptospondylus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "P. athleta Zone", "geogcomments": "Wolvercot (Wolvercote), Sommertown Pit, SE England" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Megalosauridae", "Eustreptospondylinae", "Eustreptospondylus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Megalosauridae", "clade:Eustreptospondylinae", "genus:38580" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "71332", "38580", "66531", "38593" ], "candidateIds": [ "71332", "38580", "66531", "38593" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65779", "name": "Falcarius", "displayName": "Falcarius", "attribution": "Kirkland et al. 2005", "rawAttribution": "Kirkland et al. 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65779", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Therizinosauria", "Falcarius" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "57429", "67254", "65779" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Transitional therizinosaur; plant adaptations with possible mixed feeding", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-plus-relative-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65779", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Falcarius", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65779" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65779", "genus": "Falcarius", "occurrenceId": "495801", "collectionId": "50052", "identifiedName": "Falcarius utahensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Falcarius utahensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13444", "collectionReferenceId": "16819", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Crystal Geyser Quarry (UMNH VP Loc. 157)", "collection_aka": "CGDQ, CGQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "base of member, fossils from basal units 1-3; date from sandy unit just above bonebed\r\n\r\nJoeckel et al. 2019: Of the 10 samples collected from the Yellow Cat Member for U–Pb zircon geochronology, nine are from mudstones and one is from a fine- to medium- grained sandstone at the base of the Yellow Cat Member (Table 1). Table 1 summarizes the Concordia ages, weighted mean ages and youngest single-grain ages from these samples. The youngest single-grain ages (Dickinson & Gehrels 2009) from all but one of the mudstones span a 206Pb/238U age range from 133.7 + 2.7 to 139.5 + 3.1 Ma (at 2σ uncertainty), within the Valanginian Stage of the Lower Creta- ceous. The remaining mudstone sample, which has a distinct sand component, and the sandstone sample from the base of the Yellow Cat Member have youngest single zircon grains with ages of 142.5 + 2.7 and 141.9 + 3.9 Ma that both fall into the preceding Berriasian Stage.", "geogcomments": "approx. 16 km S (also described as 12 mi SE) of Green River, E-central Utah" }, { "genusId": "65779", "genus": "Falcarius", "occurrenceId": "883366", "collectionId": "97956", "identifiedName": "Falcarius sp.", "acceptedName": "Falcarius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32617", "collectionReferenceId": "32617", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Suarez Site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"The site is near the top of the lower Yellow Cat and is in part incorporated into the caprock\"\r\nDate from \"just above the capping sandstone above the Suarez site and below the Martharaptor site\"\r\n\r\nThe age of the base of the YCM is unknown and estimates range from Berrisian to early Aptian. Britt et al. 2007 suggested a maximum depositional age for the YCM of ~124Ma, but Sames et al. 2010 suggested on the basis of ostracod biostratigraphy the YCM may be as old as Late Berrisian. Hendrix et al. 2015 and Joeckel et al. 2019 supported this with U-Pb dates from detrital zircons, the latter study suggested that the upper YCM is Valanginian. At any rate, the age of the overlying Poison strip member was dated at its base to 119.4Ma, so the YCM is older than this.", "geogcomments": "\"about 0.5 mile to the west\" of Crystal Geyser Quarry" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Therizinosauria", "Falcarius" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "therizinosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Therizinosauria is nested in Maniraptora under conventional working topology.", "references": [ { "id": "paralither2022", "title": "New therizinosaurid dinosaur from the marine Osoushinai Formation", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11063-5", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-022-11063-5", "year": 2022, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Erlikosaurus and Segnosaurus are therizinosaurids; several traditionally assigned forms are outside phylogenetic Therizinosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Therizinosauria", "genus:65779" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65779" ], "candidateIds": [ "65779" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "517609", "name": "Ferenceratops", "displayName": "Ferenceratops", "attribution": "Maidment et al. 2026", "rawAttribution": "Maidment et al. 2026", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=517609", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ferenceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "517609" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=517609", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ferenceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=517609" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "517609", "genus": "Ferenceratops", "occurrenceId": "755319", "collectionId": "80858", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes shqiperorum n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ferenceratops shqiperorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27183", "collectionReferenceId": "53032", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vurpar (Vp)", "collection_aka": "Metaliferi area, Borberek; Vurpăr; Vu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal sequence of formation; \"Bozes strata\" in Weishampel et al. 2003", "geogcomments": "Vurpar (orig. Borberek), on R bank of Mures River, downstream from Alba Iulia, in the \"Metaliferi area\", Transylvanian Basin; near Vintu de Jos" }, { "genusId": "517609", "genus": "Ferenceratops", "occurrenceId": "872485", "collectionId": "96689", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes shqiperorum", "acceptedName": "Ferenceratops shqiperorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13939", "collectionReferenceId": "32949", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Valiora", "collection_aka": "Valioara; Vălioara", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ţabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "near the village of Valioara" }, { "genusId": "517609", "genus": "Ferenceratops", "occurrenceId": "883266", "collectionId": "13334", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes shqiperorum", "acceptedName": "Ferenceratops shqiperorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13939", "collectionReferenceId": "5971", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tuştea-Oltoane nesting site", "collection_aka": "Valioara; Tuştea Oltoane; Tuştea nesting site; Vălioara; Valiora; Tustea, Ultoane; Tu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "northern part of Hateg Basin, 4.5 km east of Valioara, Romania. In a vertical escarpment of Oltoane Hill (= Ultoane), Tustea Village, Hateg Basin, Hunedoara County" }, { "genusId": "517609", "genus": "Ferenceratops", "occurrenceId": "883267", "collectionId": "67817", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes shqiperorum", "acceptedName": "Ferenceratops shqiperorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13939", "collectionReferenceId": "19377", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vălioara-Fântânele 1 (VF)", "collection_aka": "Valioara-Fantanele; Valiora", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "near village of Valioara" }, { "genusId": "517609", "genus": "Ferenceratops", "occurrenceId": "883349", "collectionId": "97948", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes shqiperorum", "acceptedName": "Ferenceratops shqiperorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76092", "collectionReferenceId": "33860", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Scoabă", "collection_aka": "Scoaba; Sânpetru-Scoabă, Sibişel Valley, SS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of the lower (but not basalmost) Maastrichtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\r\n\"Several vertebrate remains were discovered at different stratigraphic levels during the recent years in the Scoaba locality....As FGGUB R.1957 was found as a loose element, at the base of the section, its exact provenance is unknown\"", "geogcomments": "The Scoaba locality is situated in the lower part of the outcropping sequence, on the left side of the Sibişel Valley, includes several smaller excavations" }, { "genusId": "517609", "genus": "Ferenceratops", "occurrenceId": "970367", "collectionId": "115075", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes shqiperorum", "acceptedName": "Ferenceratops shqiperorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37235", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Salaj", "county": "", "formation": "Jibou", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Somes Odorhei", "collection_aka": "Someş-Odorhei", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "basal third of formation", "geogcomments": "Somes Odorhei, near borough of Jibou" }, { "genusId": "517609", "genus": "Ferenceratops", "occurrenceId": "970487", "collectionId": "115102", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes shqiperorum", "acceptedName": "Ferenceratops shqiperorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37254", "collectionReferenceId": "37254", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Budurone Creek, Valioara", "collection_aka": "Vălioara; Valiora", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower stratigraphic level than microvertebrate site\r\n\r\nClose to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "along Budorone Creek, near village of Valioara, downstream from Budurone microvertebrate site" }, { "genusId": "517609", "genus": "Ferenceratops", "occurrenceId": "1189704", "collectionId": "153475", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes cf. shqiperorum", "acceptedName": "Ferenceratops shqiperorum", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "81031", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Petreşti-Arini L1b", "collection_aka": "Petresti-Arini, PT layer 1B", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Layer 1B; close to the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary", "geogcomments": "Petresti village, Sebes, Alba County, SW Transylvanian basin" }, { "genusId": "517609", "genus": "Ferenceratops", "occurrenceId": "1553459", "collectionId": "26369", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes shqiperorum", "acceptedName": "Ferenceratops shqiperorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76092", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nălaţ-Vad", "collection_aka": "Nalat-Vad; Nalatvad; Râul Mare River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower to middle part of the upper Maastricthtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\"Râul Mare beds\", possibly upper section of ? Sînpetru Fm. or the Densus-Ciula Fm.\r\n\"can be considered as slightly older than at Totesti-baraj\"; at least 7 horizons with eggs at the site.\r\nalso listed as early Maastrichtian Sînpetru Formation", "geogcomments": "Nalatvad (Nalat-Vad), in the Râul Mare Valley, 3 km downstream from Totesti-baaraj and between villages of Nalat and Vad. Three fossiliferous \"pockets\" at this locality." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ferenceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "genus:517609" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "167126", "517609" ], "candidateIds": [ "167126", "517609" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "67549", "name": "Ferganasaurus", "displayName": "Ferganasaurus", "attribution": "Alifanov and Averianov 2003", "rawAttribution": "Alifanov and Averianov 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67549", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Ferganasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "67549" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67549", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ferganasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67549" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "67549", "genus": "Ferganasaurus", "occurrenceId": "520778", "collectionId": "53149", "identifiedName": "Ferganasaurus verzilini n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ferganasaurus verzilini", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14368", "collectionReferenceId": "62551", "cc": "KG", "state": "Jalal-Abad", "county": "", "formation": "Balabansai", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Balabansai", "collection_aka": "Tashkumyr, Chatkal", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "near Balabansai, S foothills of Chatkal range, 5 km W of Tashumkyr, N Fergana Valley" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Ferganasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "genus:67549" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "52769", "67549", "514503", "519530", "270395", "38660" ], "candidateIds": [ "67549" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "KG", "balabansai" ], "label": "Balabansai Formation · KG", "occurrenceId": "520778", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ferganasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Datousaurus", "Huashanosaurus", "Jinchuanloong", "Nebulasaurus", "Shunosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ferganasaurus": [ "520778" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "67549" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "399801", "name": "Ferrisaurus", "displayName": "Ferrisaurus", "attribution": "Arbour and Evans 2019", "rawAttribution": "Arbour and Evans 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=399801", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Leptoceratopsidae", "Ferrisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "52774", "90273", "399801" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=399801", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ferrisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=399801" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "399801", "genus": "Ferrisaurus", "occurrenceId": "780609", "collectionId": "84008", "identifiedName": "Ferrisaurus sustutensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ferrisaurus sustutensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71098", "collectionReferenceId": "28146", "cc": "CA", "state": "British Columbia", "county": "", "formation": "Tango Creek", "member": "Tatlatui", "geological_group": "Sustut", "collection_name": "Birdflat Creek/Sustut River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "exact horizon uncertain; Palynomorphs recovered from the presumed holotype locality included the Maastrichtian marker taxon Pseudoaquilapollenites bertillonites, indicating an age of approximately\r\n68.2–67.2 Ma for the site", "geogcomments": "from a talus near a railway cut, near confluence of Birdflat Creek & Sustut River, Sustut Basin, N-central British Columbia; exact location uncertain" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Leptoceratopsidae", "Ferrisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Leptoceratopsidae", "genus:399801" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "399801" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "tango creek" ], "label": "Tango Creek Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "780609", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ferrisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cerasinops", "Gremlin", "Gryphoceratops", "Leptoceratops", "Montanoceratops", "Prenoceratops", "Unescoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ferrisaurus": [ "780609" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "399801" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "494305", "name": "Fona", "displayName": "Fona", "attribution": "Avrahami et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Avrahami et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=494305", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Thescelosaurinae", "Fona" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "64386", "52813", "494305" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=157200", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Fruitadens", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=157200" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "157200", "genus": "Fruitadens", "occurrenceId": "663699", "collectionId": "71476", "identifiedName": "Fruitadens haagarorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Fruitadens haagarorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31136", "collectionReferenceId": "63779", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "FPA General Site (LACM)", "collection_aka": "Fruita Paleontological Area, LACM Loc. 4684, 6174, CO-33", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Base of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation immediately above the \"clay change\" horizon (see Kirkland 2006, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36:67-95, fig. 6, pg. 93). Turner & Peterson (1999, Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geol. Survey Misc. Publ. 99-1, 77-114) placed the Fruita localities (listed as CO-33 in their stratigraphic sections) within the Kimmeridgian, and within their \"Dinosaur Zone 2\" and \"charophyte-ostracod Zone 4\". Stratigraphic horizons closely equivalent to the Fruitadens quarries yield 40Ar/39Ar isotopic dates of 150.3 +/- 0.3 Ma and 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma (see Turner & Peterson 1999). This would place the Fruita quarries within the early Tithonian on recent timescales. ", "geogcomments": "Fruita Paleontological Area, 4.8 km WSW of Fruita; S 1/2 sec 13 and N 1/2 sec 24, T1N, R3W, Ute principal meridian. Evans 1996: \"a series of sublocalities...all apparently exposing the same horizon\"" }, { "genusId": "157200", "genus": "Fruitadens", "occurrenceId": "832773", "collectionId": "53040", "identifiedName": "Fruitadens haagarorum", "acceptedName": "Fruitadens haagarorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31136", "collectionReferenceId": "71347", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Main Callison Quarry, FPA", "collection_aka": "LACM Loc. #5572; Fruita, Quarry 4, CO-33", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Drab flood-plain facies\" at the base of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation immediately above the \"clay change\" horizon (see Kirkland 2006, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36:67-95, fig. 6, pg. 93). Turner & Peterson (1999, Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geol. Survey Misc. Publ. 99-1, 77-114) placed the Fruitadens localities (listed as CO-33 in their stratigraphic sections) within the Kimmeridgian, and within their \"Dinosaur Zone 2\" and \"charophyte-ostracod Zone 4\". Stratigraphic horizons closely equivalent to the Fruitadens quarries yield 40Ar/39Ar isotopic dates of 150.3 +/- 0.3 Ma and 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma (see Turner & Peterson 1999). This would place the Fruita quarries within the early Tithonian on recent timescales. \r\n\"middle of the formation near the base of the Brushy Basin Member\"", "geogcomments": "Fruita Paleontological Area, 4.8 km WSW of Fruita; S 1/2 sec 13 and N 1/2 sec 24, T1N, R3W, Ute principal meridian" }, { "genusId": "157200", "genus": "Fruitadens", "occurrenceId": "832774", "collectionId": "92360", "identifiedName": "Fruitadens haagarorum", "acceptedName": "Fruitadens haagarorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31136", "collectionReferenceId": "65150", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "George's \"Coelurosaur\" Site, FPA", "collection_aka": "Fruita Paleontological Area, LACM Loc. 5576, \"tiny dinosaur site\", CO-33", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Drab flood-plain facies\" at the base of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation immediately above the \"clay change\" horizon (see Kirkland 2006, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36:67-95, fig. 6, pg. 93). Turner & Peterson (1999, Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geol. Survey Misc. Publ. 99-1, 77-114) placed the Fruitadens localities (listed as CO-33 in their stratigraphic sections) within the Kimmeridgian, and within their \"Dinosaur Zone 2\" and \"charophyte-ostracod Zone 4\". Stratigraphic horizons closely equivalent to the Fruitadens quarries yield 40Ar/39Ar isotopic dates of 150.3 +/- 0.3 Ma and 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma (see Turner & Peterson 1999). This would place the Fruita quarries within the early Tithonian on recent timescales. ", "geogcomments": "Fruita Paleontological Area, 4.8 km WSW of Fruita; S 1/2 sec 13 and N 1/2 sec 24, T1N, R3W, Ute principal meridian" }, { "genusId": "157200", "genus": "Fruitadens", "occurrenceId": "1392259", "collectionId": "191718", "identifiedName": "? Fruitadens sp.", "acceptedName": "Fruitadens", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64661", "collectionReferenceId": "64661", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cisco Mammal Quarry, OMNH V1728", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"coarse stratigraphic placement of the CMQ is likely low in the Brushy Basin Member\"\r\nDavis et al. 2022: Twenty-two single zircons were dissolved and analyzed by CA-ID-TIMS methods (see SOM for details on dating methodology). The weighted mean age of 151.50 ± 0.28 Ma (Tithonian, Late Jurassic) is interpreted as the best esti- mate of the volcanic ashfall age of the four youngest zir- con crystals. The presence of rounded detrital grains and slightly older euhedral zircons, however, implies that even the youngest ages could be from detrital grains; as a result, the weighted mean represents a maximum depositional age. This age places the Cisco Mammal Quarry approximately 1 million years younger than Quarry 9 at Como Bluff (152.51 ± 0.47 Ma, Trujillo et al. 2015), and approximately 0.5 million years younger than the Main Callison Quarry at the Fruita Paleontological Area (152.0 ± 0.3 Ma, Foster et al. 2017). However, it should be noted that the ranges of these ages do overlap leaving open the possibility that CMQ and FPA are contemporaneous.", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Heterodontosauridae", "Fruitadens" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "path-audit-heterodontosauridae-ancestry", "rationale": "Apply the same published early ornithischian grade to core descendants and Eocursor; do not mix incompatible parents.", "references": [ { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Heterodontosauridae", "genus:157200" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38717", "157200" ], "candidateIds": [ "38717", "157200" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66356", "name": "Fukuiraptor", "displayName": "Fukuiraptor", "attribution": "Azuma and Currie 2000", "rawAttribution": "Azuma and Currie 2000", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66356", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Neovenatoridae", "Fukuiraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "64112", "160848", "66356" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66356", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Fukuiraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66356" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66356", "genus": "Fukuiraptor", "occurrenceId": "395215", "collectionId": "38020", "identifiedName": "Fukuiraptor kitadaniensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Fukuiraptor kitadaniensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10135", "collectionReferenceId": "54260", "cc": "JP", "state": "Fukui", "county": "Katsuyama", "formation": "Kitadani", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tetori", "collection_name": "Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry (lower, BB I)", "collection_aka": "Bonebed I, Katsuyama", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Akaiwa Subgroup, lower part of formation *\"Unit C\")\r\n\r\nTsukiji et al. 2018: Kubota (2005) assigned the age of the Kitadani Formation to the Barremian based on the co-occurrence of charophyte gyrogonites: Clavator harrisii var. reyi, Mesochara harrisi, and Mesoshara stipitata. Recently, Sano (2015) suggested that the co-occurrence of these three species indicates the Barre- mianeAptian age of the Kitadani Formation because these species are also reported elsewhere from the Aptian. Recent interpretation of the stratigraphy of the Kitadani Formation is younger than the thick sandstone dominant unit (Unit B of Sano et al., 2008), which is assigned to the BarremianeAptian Akaiwa Formation (Sano and Yabe, 2016). Thus the Kitadani Formation is likely assigned to the Aptian in age.", "geogcomments": "left bank of Sugiyama River in its upper reach, Takinamigawa area,, Katsuyama city, Fukui prefecture." }, { "genusId": "66356", "genus": "Fukuiraptor", "occurrenceId": "883293", "collectionId": "97938", "identifiedName": "Fukuiraptor aff. kitadaniensis", "acceptedName": "Fukuiraptor kitadaniensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33853", "collectionReferenceId": "33853", "cc": "JP", "state": "Gunma", "county": "", "formation": "Sebayashi", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Sanchu", "collection_name": "Kanna, Sebayashi", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "hand sample", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"from the lowermost part of the Lower Member of the Sebayashi Formation\"", "geogcomments": "\"The single specimen (NDC-P0001) of a Theropod tooth was collected by Y. Watanabe from a block of poorly sorted conglomerate along the right branch of a mountain stream flowing into the Mamonozawa River, north of Sebayashi Hamlet, Kanna Town, Gunma Prefecture\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Megaraptora", "Fukuiraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "66356", "rationale": "Current primary studies place within Megaraptora; remove historical Neovenatoridae assignment. Coelurosaur placement is chosen working hypothesis, while higher alternatives disclosed.", "references": [ { "id": "ibricu2025", "title": "Latest Cretaceous megaraptorid theropod dinosaur sheds light on megaraptoran evolution and palaeobiology", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-63793-5", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-025-63793-5", "year": 2025, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Fukuiraptor recovered within Megaraptora; megaraptoran higher tetanuran affinities remain disputed." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Megaraptora", "genus:66356" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66356", "387579", "387581" ], "candidateIds": [ "66356", "387579", "387581" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68188", "name": "Fukuisaurus", "displayName": "Fukuisaurus", "attribution": "Kobayashi and Azuma 2003", "rawAttribution": "Kobayashi and Azuma 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68188", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Fukuisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "68188" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68188", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Fukuisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68188" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Shibata and Azuma (2015), New basal hadrosauroid from the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation", "url": "https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2015/f/z03914p440f.pdf", "access": "publisher abstract and indexed primary PDF" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68188", "genus": "Fukuisaurus", "occurrenceId": "395217", "collectionId": "38020", "identifiedName": "Fukuisaurus tetoriensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Fukuisaurus tetoriensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10136", "collectionReferenceId": "54260", "cc": "JP", "state": "Fukui", "county": "Katsuyama", "formation": "Kitadani", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tetori", "collection_name": "Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry (lower, BB I)", "collection_aka": "Bonebed I, Katsuyama", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Akaiwa Subgroup, lower part of formation *\"Unit C\")\r\n\r\nTsukiji et al. 2018: Kubota (2005) assigned the age of the Kitadani Formation to the Barremian based on the co-occurrence of charophyte gyrogonites: Clavator harrisii var. reyi, Mesochara harrisi, and Mesoshara stipitata. Recently, Sano (2015) suggested that the co-occurrence of these three species indicates the Barre- mianeAptian age of the Kitadani Formation because these species are also reported elsewhere from the Aptian. Recent interpretation of the stratigraphy of the Kitadani Formation is younger than the thick sandstone dominant unit (Unit B of Sano et al., 2008), which is assigned to the BarremianeAptian Akaiwa Formation (Sano and Yabe, 2016). Thus the Kitadani Formation is likely assigned to the Aptian in age.", "geogcomments": "left bank of Sugiyama River in its upper reach, Takinamigawa area,, Katsuyama city, Fukui prefecture." }, { "genusId": "68188", "genus": "Fukuisaurus", "cc": "JP", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-6", "formation": "Kitadani" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Fukuisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:68188" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "68188", "314250" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "geological_group", "key": [ "JP", "tetori" ], "label": "Tetori Group · JP", "occurrenceId": "395217", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Fukuisaurus", "Koshisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Fukuisaurus": [ "395217" ], "Koshisaurus": [ "1254437" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68188", "314250" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "109004", "name": "Futalognkosaurus", "displayName": "Futalognkosaurus", "attribution": "Calvo et al. 2007", "rawAttribution": "Calvo et al. 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=109004", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Lognkosauria", "Futalognkosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "389116", "109003", "109004" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Keep defensible genus-specific guilds, normalize insectivore/piscivore to animal-based with qualifiers, and apply Lesothosaurus/Silesaurus overrides. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] } ], "confidence": "varies", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=109004", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Futalognkosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=109004" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "109004", "genus": "Futalognkosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489976", "collectionId": "49415", "identifiedName": "Futalognkosaurus dukei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Futalognkosaurus dukei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25429", "collectionReferenceId": "24873", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Portezuelo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Futalognko Quarry, Costa Dinosaurio [MUCP]", "collection_aka": "Proyecto Dino, Lago Barreales, CePaLB", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "single 0.5-m thick bed\r\n\r\n\"The deposits belong either the upper part of the Portezuelo Formation or the middle portion of the Sierra Barrosa Formation, which are Upper Turonian to Lower Coniacian in age\" (Kellner et al. 2023)", "geogcomments": "90-95 km NW of Neuquén, N coast of Lago Barreales" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Lognkosauria", "Futalognkosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Colossosauria", "clade:Lognkosauria", "genus:109004" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "346948", "184915", "109004", "55583", "287942", "174549" ], "candidateIds": [ "109004" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "portezuelo" ], "label": "Portezuelo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "489976", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Futalognkosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroposeidon", "Drusilasaura", "Mendozasaurus", "Quetecsaurus", "Traukutitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Futalognkosaurus": [ "489976" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "109004" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "438296", "name": "Fylax", "displayName": "Fylax", "attribution": "Prieto-Márquez and Carrera Farias 2021", "rawAttribution": "Prieto-Márquez and Carrera Farias 2021", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=438296", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Fylax" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "438296" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=438296", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Fylax", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=438296" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "438296", "genus": "Fylax", "occurrenceId": "1561583", "collectionId": "220461", "identifiedName": "Fylax thyrakolasus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Fylax thyrakolasus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77040", "collectionReferenceId": "19388", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "Figuerola", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fontllonga", "collection_name": "Fontllonga-R", "collection_aka": "Fontllonga", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "chron C29r within the Figuerola Formation, a few meters from the K/Pg boundary", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Fylax" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:438296" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519173", "438296", "372409", "439823" ], "candidateIds": [ "519173", "438296", "372409", "439823" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "319102", "name": "Galeamopus", "displayName": "Galeamopus", "attribution": "Tschopp et al. 2015", "rawAttribution": "Tschopp et al. 2015", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=319102", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Diplodocinae", "Galeamopus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57361", "38664", "65916", "319102" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=319102", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Galeamopus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=319102" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "319102", "genus": "Galeamopus", "occurrenceId": "485071", "collectionId": "48565", "identifiedName": "Diplodocus hayi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Galeamopus hayi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "12961", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Fork Powder River Quarry A", "collection_aka": "RFPR", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "perhaps low in formation (Bakker 1996)", "geogcomments": "Red Fork of the Powder River, along SE edge of Big Horn Mtns." }, { "genusId": "319102", "genus": "Galeamopus", "occurrenceId": "1265063", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Galeamopus pabsti", "acceptedName": "Galeamopus pabsti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62229", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. 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On hill above Quarry A" }, { "genusId": "319102", "genus": "Galeamopus", "occurrenceId": "1639849", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Galeamopus pabsti", "acceptedName": "Galeamopus pabsti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86556", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Diplodocinae", "Galeamopus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Flagellicaudata", "clade:Diplodocidae", "clade:Diplodocinae", "genus:319102" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "candidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "434090", "name": "Galleonosaurus", "displayName": "Galleonosaurus", "attribution": "Herne et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Herne et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=434090", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Elasmaria", "Galleonosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "122465", "434090" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=434090", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Oceania" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Galleonosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=434090" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "434090", "genus": "Galleonosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1550656", "collectionId": "51961", "identifiedName": "Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Galleonosaurus dorisae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75855", "collectionReferenceId": "63249", "cc": "AU", "state": "Victoria", "county": "", "formation": "\"Wonthaggi\"", "member": "", "geological_group": "Strzelecki", "collection_name": "Flat Rocks, Bunurong Marine Park", "collection_aka": "Inverloch, Dinosaur Dreaming", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "early Aptian according to Rich et al. 2005 and Benson et al. 2012; late Aptian according to Salisbury et al. 2016\r\ninformal formation name for upper Strzelecki Group", "geogcomments": "on shore platform of Bunurong Marine Park, W of Inverloch. Includes site listed as \"800 m east of Flat Rocks\" in ref 38205" }, { "genusId": "434090", "genus": "Galleonosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1550660", "collectionId": "218992", "identifiedName": "Galleonosaurus dorisae", "acceptedName": "Galleonosaurus dorisae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75855", "collectionReferenceId": "75855", "cc": "AU", "state": "Victoria", "county": "", "formation": "\"Wonthaggi\"", "member": "", "geological_group": "Strzelecki", "collection_name": "The Caves, near Flat Rocks", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from a fallen boulder along the sea cliff at The Caves (38.662792°S, 145.680108°E, Map Grid of Australia, 1994),∼230 m SW of Flat Rocks site" }, { "genusId": "434090", "genus": "Galleonosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1604562", "collectionId": "118946", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Elasmaria", "genus:434090" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "398669", "434090", "57101", "38750", "66575", "396013" ], "candidateIds": [ "57103", "434090", "66575" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AU", "wonthaggi" ], "label": "\"Wonthaggi\" Formation · AU", "occurrenceId": "1550660", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus", "Galleonosaurus", "Qantassaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Diluvicursor", "Fostoria", "Leaellynasaura", "Muttaburrasaurus", "Weewarrasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Atlascopcosaurus": [ "1550657" ], "Galleonosaurus": [ "1550656", "1550660" ], "Qantassaurus": [ "513430", "1550658" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57103", "434090", "66575" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G8", "title": "Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1038/nature13874", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13874", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "author-institution abstract and publisher summary read", "dietSupport": "Plant-feeding cranial morphology plus fish gut remains support omnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view2", "turn591search13" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38547", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gallimimus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38547" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/gallimimus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "387402", "collectionId": "37020", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9906", "collectionReferenceId": "9899", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV, general [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula IV - no specifics given, 50 km W of Nemegt, Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "403444", "collectionId": "38704", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9906", "collectionReferenceId": "9901", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Hushu, site 3 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Tsagan Ula, Tsagan Khushu, TsKh003", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of section", "geogcomments": "Tsagan Ula (= Hushu/Ushu/Khusku), Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "404787", "collectionId": "37003", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9906", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Northern Sayr, site 14 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem014", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of \"upper beds\" = Nemegt Fm", "geogcomments": "Northern Sayr, Nemegt locality, Nemegt basin, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "513487", "collectionId": "51971", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67916", "collectionReferenceId": "59518", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shara-Tsav [SMPE] (PIN coll. 3906)", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Shar Tsav", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "W part of Shara-Tsav bluffs, 8 km N of Bayshin-Tsav" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "534085", "collectionId": "55257", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42291", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav I [HMNS-GIN/KID]", "collection_aka": "Bugin-tsav, northern outcrops of Bugin Tsav; Bügiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern area of Bugin Tsav; N: 43-51-5909; E: 100-00-3976; A: 982m\r\nBugin-tsav, southern Gobi Desert" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "559626", "collectionId": "58158", "identifiedName": "cf. Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CDZh-16, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower part of the formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1035257", "collectionId": "126780", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29188", "collectionReferenceId": "29188", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt Footprint Site 14", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "bones from layer directly above, and filling, footprints", "geogcomments": "Central Sayr, Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1058795", "collectionId": "127671", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42154", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula II [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "mostly from \"upper part\" of the section", "geogcomments": "N: 43-35-53.2; E: 100-30-14.3; A: 1573 m" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1058796", "collectionId": "127673", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53759", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula III [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-36-03.47; E: 100-29-59.81; A: 1607m" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1058810", "collectionId": "55258", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42291", "collectionReferenceId": "42291", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermin Tsav I, Upper White Beds [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Khermeen Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "From the Upper White Beds (NemegtFormation).\r\nfrom the \"Upper White Beds\" (ref 35934), which is confusing because the upper beds of the formation are usually called the \"Red Beds\" and ref 41448 says that the Red Bed is the fossiliferous layer.\r\nNemegt Formation according to Suzuki et al. (2004)", "geogcomments": "Khermeen Tsav; N: 43-28-2896; E: 99-49-5871 A: 991m" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1244156", "collectionId": "130800", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42293", "collectionReferenceId": "42293", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khaichin Ula I [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Haichin Ula", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-45-2706; E: 99-54-0219; A: 828m. Outcrop west of Khaichin Ula, and close to Bugin Tsav II; 13 km SW of Bugin Tsav. Also listed as 43° 46' 01\"N, 99° 55' 36\" E." }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1267017", "collectionId": "127681", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42289", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Khushu [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tsagan Khusku, Tsagan Usu, Tsagan Hushu", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-28-5811; E: 100-21-3479; A: 1334m. Mostly the northern area of the Tsagan Khushu badlands." }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1267110", "collectionId": "127670", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82304", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gurilin Tsav [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Gurlin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-51-0914; E: 100-08-2508; A: 1033m\r\nGurilin Tsav, Nemegt Basin. Eggs found in SE area of the locality, at the end of the \"peninsula-like cliff\"" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1267112", "collectionId": "127670", "identifiedName": "? Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42291", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gurilin Tsav [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Gurlin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-51-0914; E: 100-08-2508; A: 1033m\r\nGurilin Tsav, Nemegt Basin. Eggs found in SE area of the locality, at the end of the \"peninsula-like cliff\"" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1269348", "collectionId": "168810", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42289", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Central Sayr [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-30-0581; E: 101-02-5971; A: 1521m. Central Sayr area of Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1337488", "collectionId": "180472", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9906", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Central Sayr, site 5 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem005", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of \"upper beds\" = Nemegt Fm", "geogcomments": "Central Sayr, Nemegt locality, Nemegt basin, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1337490", "collectionId": "180474", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9906", "collectionReferenceId": "9902", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Western Sayr, site 7 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem007", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of \"upper beds\" = Nemegt Fm", "geogcomments": "western sayr, Nemegt locality, Nemegt basin, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1337491", "collectionId": "180475", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9906", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Western Sayr, site 11 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Nem011", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation (= Upper Nemegt beds here)", "geogcomments": "NW part of Nemegt locality, 10 m from site 12 (shown as in the N part of the Western Sayr in ref 10453)" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1338362", "collectionId": "180679", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9906", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Northern Sayr, site 9 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Nem009", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of \"Upper beds\" (= Nemegt Fm.), about 10 m above Passage Series", "geogcomments": "southern part of northern sayr, Nemegt locality" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1338366", "collectionId": "180683", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9906", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Central Sayr, site 4 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem004", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of \"upper beds\" = Nemegt Fm", "geogcomments": "Central Sayr, Nemegt locality, Nemegt basin, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1338412", "collectionId": "180701", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9906", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Northern Sayr, site 21 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Nem021", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of \"Upper beds\" (= Nemegt Fm.), about 5 m above Passage Series", "geogcomments": "southern part of Northern Sayr, Nemegt locality" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1338418", "collectionId": "180707", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59835", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "northern Nemegt, site 20 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem020", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Nemegt beds", "geogcomments": "northern part of Nemegt locality, NE of \"isolated hill\"" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1338419", "collectionId": "180709", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59835", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "northern Nemegt, site 25 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem025", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Nemegt beds", "geogcomments": "northern part of Nemegt locality, NE of \"isolated hill\"" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1338568", "collectionId": "180784", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9906", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Hushu, site 1 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Tsagan Ula, Tsagan Khushu, TsKh001", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near base of section", "geogcomments": "Tsagan Ula (= Hushu/Ushu/Khusku), Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1338569", "collectionId": "180785", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9906", "collectionReferenceId": "9901", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Hushu, site 6 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Tsagan Ula, Tsagan Khushu, TsKh006", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Tsagan Hushu (= Tsagan Ula, Tsagan Khushu, Tsagan-ushu), Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1338652", "collectionId": "180811", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus bullatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9906", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV, site 8 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, AU4008", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula IV, 40 km W of Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1587770", "collectionId": "127679", "identifiedName": "? Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80151", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav II [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "southern outcrops of Bugin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bugin Tsav-II; N: 43-48-5877; E: 99-58-3569; A: 862m. Southern outcrops of Bugin Tsav." }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "1619349", "collectionId": "229067", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83806", "collectionReferenceId": "83806", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav tracksite (KID)", "collection_aka": "FS045, Gall035, Bügiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "tracksite adjacent to abandoned illegally excavated quarry" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "2056773", "collectionId": "277791", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "92756", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula I [KID]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Based on locality of Altan Ula IV" }, { "genusId": "38547", "genus": "Gallimimus", "occurrenceId": "2056804", "collectionId": "277797", "identifiedName": "Gallimimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gallimimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "92756", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gurilin Tsav [KID]", "collection_aka": "Gurlin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Gurilin Tsav, Nemegt Basin" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Gallimimus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38548", "name": "Garudimimus", "displayName": "Garudimimus", "attribution": "Barsbold 1981", "rawAttribution": "Barsbold 1981", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38548", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Ornithomimosauria", "Deinocheiridae", "Garudimimus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "55491", "38550", "38548" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad plant-based or mixed compatibility is defensible for derived forms; Deinocheirus has direct fish evidence. 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Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38548", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Garudimimus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38548" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38548", "genus": "Garudimimus", "occurrenceId": "804049", "collectionId": "67974", "identifiedName": "Garudimimus brevipes n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Garudimimus brevipes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29489", "collectionReferenceId": "51464", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayshin-Tsav [SMPE] (PIN coll. 100)", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Bayshin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Baynshire Suite = Bayn Shire = Baynshiree = Bainshirenskaya. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52766", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gasosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52766" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "52766", "genus": "Gasosaurus", "occurrenceId": "402867", "collectionId": "24883", "identifiedName": "Gasosaurus constructus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gasosaurus constructus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7752", "collectionReferenceId": "6976", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry [lower]", "collection_aka": "Dashanpu Town", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating from this formation (but not this locality), Wang et al. (2018) suggested an Oxfordian age for the lower beds, rather than Middle Jurassic, with 159 ± 2 Ma as the maximum depositional age. However, from a section near the Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry, Ren et al. (2022) documented the youngest age for the zircon sample as 166.0 ± 1.59 Ma, and weighed average ages of the youngest subpopulation under the constraints of 1σ and 2σ are 170.9 ± 0.64 Ma and 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma, with a maximum confidence age of 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma selected as the final result.", "geogcomments": "Dashanpu quarry, 10 km NE of Zigong, Sichuan, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Gasosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "genus:52766" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65680", "52766", "66392", "425462" ], "candidateIds": [ "65680", "52766", "66392", "425462" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65253", "name": "Gasparinisaura", "displayName": "Gasparinisaura", "attribution": "Coria and Salgado 1996", "rawAttribution": "Coria and Salgado 1996", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65253", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Elasmaria", "Gasparinisaura" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "122465", "65253" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65253", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gasparinisaura", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65253" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65253", "genus": "Gasparinisaura", "occurrenceId": "517459", "collectionId": "52437", "identifiedName": "Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13112", "collectionReferenceId": "19129", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "2 km southeast of Cinco Saltos cemetery, facies 2 [MUCP]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Río Colorado subgroup", "geogcomments": "2 km SE of Cinco Saltos cemetery in Cinco Saltos city, NW Río Negro province" }, { "genusId": "65253", "genus": "Gasparinisaura", "occurrenceId": "623341", "collectionId": "67094", "identifiedName": "Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis", "acceptedName": "Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19125", "collectionReferenceId": "19129", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "2 km southeast of Cinco Saltos cemetery, facies 1 [MUCP]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Río Colorado subgroup", "geogcomments": "2 km SE of Cinco Saltos cemetery in Cinco Saltos city, NW Río Negro province" }, { "genusId": "65253", "genus": "Gasparinisaura", "occurrenceId": "770354", "collectionId": "82494", "identifiedName": "Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis", "acceptedName": "Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27827", "collectionReferenceId": "27827", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "northeast of Cinco Saltos", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE of Cincos Saltos city, S of road to airport" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Elasmaria", "Gasparinisaura" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Elasmaria", "genus:65253" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67278", "493365", "65253", "400665", "122466", "427244", "86836", "424526", "67276", "494766" ], "candidateIds": [ "65253" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "anacleto" ], "label": "Anacleto Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "770354", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gasparinisaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anabisetia", "Chakisaurus", "Isasicursor", "Macrogryphosaurus", "Mahuidacursor", "Notohypsilophodon", "Sektensaurus", "Talenkauen", "Tietasaura" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gasparinisaura": [ "517459", "623341", "770354" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "65253" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "63700", "name": "Gastonia", "displayName": "Gastonia", "attribution": "Kirkland 1998", "rawAttribution": "Kirkland 1998", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63700", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Gastonia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "63700" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63700", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gastonia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63700" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Kinneer, Carpenter & Shaw (2016), Redescription of Gastonia burgei and description of a new species", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2016/0605", "access": "author-uploaded full paper, introduction, locality descriptions and discussion read" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "63700", "genus": "Gastonia", "occurrenceId": "284148", "collectionId": "27017", "identifiedName": "Gastonia burgei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gastonia burgei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7504", "collectionReferenceId": "7471", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Robert Gaston Quarry (CEU 91-1)", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. 42Gr184V, Yellow Cat Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper portion of member, ~6.5 m below Poison Strip Member and ~17.5 m above Morrison Fm. contact\r\n\r\nDetrital zircons from the quarry and adjacent, lateral equivalents provide a maximum depositional age of 125 Ma, indicating the horizon is no older than early Albian (Eberth et al., 2006), but more recent work indicates that the upper part of the Yellow Cat Member is Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "Galton Quarry, just N of Arches National Park, Utah. Located west of Yellow Cat road, NE 1/4, SE 1/4, NE 1/4, SW 1/4, section 35, T22S, R21E on the Molle Hogans.", "literatureIds": [ "nodosauridae-6" ] }, { "genusId": "63700", "genus": "Gastonia", "occurrenceId": "284618", "collectionId": "27025", "identifiedName": "Gastonia burgei", "acceptedName": "Gastonia burgei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7504", "collectionReferenceId": "25577", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Dalton Wells Quarry, BYU Loc. 7510", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. 42Gr001V, Utahraptor State Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "stacked succession of 4 bonebeds below footprint level, and approx. 2 m above base of member in this area\r\n\r\nDetrital zircons from the quarry and adjacent, lateral equivalents provide a maximum depositional age of 125 Ma, indicating the horizon is no older than early Albian (Eberth et al., 2006), but more recent work indicates that the upper part of the Yellow Cat Member is Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "3.22 km N of Arches National Park boundary, 1.2 km E of Dalton Well, S of US 60 in section 22, T24S, R20E, Grand Co., SE Utah. Now part of Utahraptor State Park", "literatureIds": [ "nodosauridae-6" ] }, { "genusId": "63700", "genus": "Gastonia", "occurrenceId": "1193450", "collectionId": "154238", "identifiedName": "Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71352", "collectionReferenceId": "58608", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Poison Strip Sandstone", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Lorrie's Site", "collection_aka": "Lorrie's Bone Bed Site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "has also been assigned to the Yellow Cat Mbr., but actually 3.5 m above the base of the Ruby Ranch Mbr. Later assigned to Poison Strip Member.\r\n\r\nOverall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "N of Arches NP", "literatureIds": [ "nodosauridae-6" ] }, { "genusId": "63700", "genus": "Gastonia", "occurrenceId": "1193450", "collectionId": "154238", "identifiedName": "Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71352", "collectionReferenceId": "58608", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Lorrie's Site", "collection_aka": "Lorrie's Bone Bed Site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "has also been assigned to the Yellow Cat Mbr., but actually 3.5 m above the base of the Ruby Ranch Mbr. Later assigned to Poison Strip Member.\r\n\r\nOverall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "N of Arches NP", "reviewId": "gastonia-lorrie-alternative-member", "sourceValues": { "member": "Poison Strip Sandstone" }, "literatureIds": [ "nodosauridae-6" ] } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Gastonia" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:63700" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "63700", "38828" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "cedar mountain", "yellow cat" ], "label": "Yellow Cat Member · Cedar Mountain Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "284618", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gastonia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Silvisaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gastonia": [ "284148", "284618" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Gastonia": [ "nodosauridae-6" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "63700", "38828" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "235253", "name": "Geminiraptor", "displayName": "Geminiraptor", "attribution": "Senter et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Senter et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=235253", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Geminiraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "235253" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "literature-inferred", "rationale": "Dental anatomy and recent therizinosaurian comparison support plant/mixed feeding; preserve both interpretations.", "references": [ { "id": "freimuth2026", "title": "Freimuth, Lively & Zanno2026 · Geminiraptor reassessment", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0356471", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0356471", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-09-30", "access": "Root read full primary abstract, systematic reassignment, geological setting and conclusions; online before review date." } ] }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=235253", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Geminiraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=235253" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "235253", "genus": "Geminiraptor", "occurrenceId": "1041316", "collectionId": "97956", "identifiedName": "Geminiraptor suarezarum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Geminiraptor suarezarum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41602", "collectionReferenceId": "32617", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Suarez Site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"The site is near the top of the lower Yellow Cat and is in part incorporated into the caprock\"\r\nDate from \"just above the capping sandstone above the Suarez site and below the Martharaptor site\"\r\n\r\nThe age of the base of the YCM is unknown and estimates range from Berrisian to early Aptian. Britt et al. 2007 suggested a maximum depositional age for the YCM of ~124Ma, but Sames et al. 2010 suggested on the basis of ostracod biostratigraphy the YCM may be as old as Late Berrisian. Hendrix et al. 2015 and Joeckel et al. 2019 supported this with U-Pb dates from detrital zircons, the latter study suggested that the upper YCM is Valanginian. At any rate, the age of the overlying Poison strip member was dated at its base to 119.4Ma, so the YCM is older than this.", "geogcomments": "\"about 0.5 mile to the west\" of Crystal Geyser Quarry" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "September2026 primary revision recombines the species as Falcarius suarezarum; no independent duplicate hidden answer.", "references": [ { "id": "freimuth2026", "title": "Freimuth, Lively & Zanno2026 · Geminiraptor reassessment", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0356471", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0356471", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-09-30", "access": "Root read full primary abstract, systematic reassignment, geological setting and conclusions; online before review date." } ] } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Therizinosauria", "Geminiraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] }, { "id": "235253", "rationale": "September2026 re-examination places the holotype within Therizinosauria and recombines its species as Falcarius suarezarum. Keep the frozen legal guess; hold an independent hidden answer.", "references": [ { "id": "freimuth2026", "title": "Freimuth, Lively & Zanno2026 · Geminiraptor reassessment", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0356471", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0356471", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-09-30", "access": "Root read full primary abstract, systematic reassignment, geological setting and conclusions; online before review date." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Therizinosauria", "genus:235253" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "56391", "name": "Genusaurus", "displayName": "Genusaurus", "attribution": "Accarie et al. 1995", "rawAttribution": "Accarie et al. 1995", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56391", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Carnotaurinae", "Majungasaurini", "Genusaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "54527", "285747", "56391" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56391", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Genusaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56391" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "56391", "genus": "Genusaurus", "occurrenceId": "651823", "collectionId": "70458", "identifiedName": "Genusaurus sisteronis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Genusaurus sisteronis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23633", "collectionReferenceId": "23633", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur", "county": "", "formation": "Marnes bleues", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sisteron, Bevons (MNHN)", "collection_aka": "Genusaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "community of Bevons, 4.25 km SW of village of Sisteron, S of Turkish Rock and on W flank of the crest of the Plantayes" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Carnotaurinae", "Majungasaurini", "Genusaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauridae", "clade:Carnotaurinae", "clade:Majungasaurini", "genus:56391" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "285748", "56391" ], "candidateIds": [ "285748", "56391" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38611", "name": "Genyodectes", "displayName": "Genyodectes", "attribution": "Woodward 1901", "rawAttribution": "Woodward 1901", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38611", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Genyodectes" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "38611" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38611", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Genyodectes", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38611" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38611", "genus": "Genyodectes", "occurrenceId": "465496", "collectionId": "46075", "identifiedName": "Genyodectes serus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Genyodectes serus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10263", "collectionReferenceId": "10263", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "Paso de Indios", "formation": "Cerro Barcino", "member": "Cerro Castaño", "geological_group": "Chubut", "collection_name": "Cañadón Grande, Rio Chubút", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "member assignment is uncertain\r\n\r\nAges are found Krause et al. 2020 and Carballido et al. 2017. The contact zones between Puesto La Paloma and Cerros Castaño is approximately Aptian-Early Albian at ~118.5-110.8 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Cañadón Grande, Departamento Paso de Indios, Chubut province, Patagonia, Argentina. Huene (1929) gave the coordinates as 44°30' S, 'slightly east' of 70°W, but also 'not very far from Gaiman', which according to Rauhut is over 50 km away. This large canyon is likely in the region of Laguna del Mate and Manantial Pelado. Listed coordinates are estimated from map as 20 km W of this lake." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Genyodectes" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "genus:38611" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38611" ], "candidateIds": [ "38611" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "242781", "name": "Gideonmantellia", "displayName": "Gideonmantellia", "attribution": "Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=242781", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Hypsilophodontidae", "Gideonmantellia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "38734", "242781" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=242781", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gideonmantellia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=242781" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "242781", "genus": "Gideonmantellia", "occurrenceId": "382521", "collectionId": "36369", "identifiedName": "Gideonmantellia amosanjuanae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gideonmantellia amosanjuanae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42439", "collectionReferenceId": "7241", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Camarillas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poyales Barranco Hondo, PBCH (Galve syncline)", "collection_aka": "Barranco Poyales-Cerrada Roya, Poyales Barranco Canales, Poyales", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "5-II is the upper of two sub-units (the lower is 5-I).", "geogcomments": "Galve syncline is in the Rama Castellana of the Iberian Range. Poyales Barranco Hondo is also referred to as Barranco Poyales-Cerrada Roya in Buscalioni and Sanz 1987, and as Poyales Barranco Canales. Near town of Galve." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Hypsilophodontidae", "Gideonmantellia" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Hypsilophodontidae", "genus:242781" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "242781", "38736", "479383" ], "candidateIds": [ "242781", "38736", "479383" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "54540", "name": "Giganotosaurus", "displayName": "Giganotosaurus", "attribution": "Coria and Salgado 1995", "rawAttribution": "Coria and Salgado 1995", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54540", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Giganotosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "64112", "65363", "54540" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54540", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Giganotosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54540" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "54540", "genus": "Giganotosaurus", "occurrenceId": "297301", "collectionId": "28460", "identifiedName": "Giganotosaurus carolinii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Giganotosaurus carolinii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7848", "collectionReferenceId": "14716", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Candeleros", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Villa El Chocón, 15 km south", "collection_aka": "Giganotosaurus type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Río Limay Subgroup", "geogcomments": "15 km S of Villa El Chocón, Neuquén province, Argentina." }, { "genusId": "54540", "genus": "Giganotosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513396", "collectionId": "51944", "identifiedName": "Giganotosaurus carolinii", "acceptedName": "Giganotosaurus carolinii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13863", "collectionReferenceId": "34273", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Candeleros", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Los Candeleros", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Río Limay Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Los Candeleros, 50 km W of El Chocón" }, { "genusId": "54540", "genus": "Giganotosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513397", "collectionId": "51945", "identifiedName": "Giganotosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Giganotosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13863", "collectionReferenceId": "13863", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Candeleros", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Villa El Chocón, 5 km south", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Río Limay Subgroup", "geogcomments": "5 km S of El Chocón, along shore of Lake Ezequiel Ramos Mexía" }, { "genusId": "54540", "genus": "Giganotosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1555680", "collectionId": "67296", "identifiedName": "Giganotosaurus carolinii", "acceptedName": "Giganotosaurus carolinii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76386", "collectionReferenceId": "33360", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Huincul", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "La Buitrera (upper)", "collection_aka": "Cathartesaura type site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower member of formation", "geogcomments": "In northwestern Patagonia about 80 km southwest of Cipolletti close to the south shore of Lake Ezequiel Ramos-Mexía." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Giganotosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Carcharodontosauridae", "genus:54540" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38597", "38576", "54540", "440804", "77205", "345410", "58907" ], "candidateIds": [ "54540" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "candeleros" ], "label": "Candeleros Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "513397", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Giganotosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acrocanthosaurus", "Carcharodontosaurus", "Lajasvenator", "Mapusaurus", "Taurovenator", "Unquillosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Giganotosaurus": [ "297301", "513396", "513397" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54540" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "103707", "name": "Gigantoraptor", "displayName": "Gigantoraptor", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2007", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=103707", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Gigantoraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "54544", "103707" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. A blanket verified omnivore label is too strong; preserve potential animal supplementation and genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=103707", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gigantoraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=103707" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "103707", "genus": "Gigantoraptor", "occurrenceId": "679941", "collectionId": "64017", "identifiedName": "Gigantoraptor erlianensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gigantoraptor erlianensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24635", "collectionReferenceId": "18458", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Sonid Zuoqi", "formation": "Iren Dabasu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Saihangaobi, Sonid Zuoqi", "collection_aka": "Sunitezuoqi", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"beds that are slightly lower than the therizinosauroid-fossil-bearing beds\"\r\nBoth Gigantoraptor and Sonidosaurus are from the Iren Dabasu Formation according to Xing et al. 2012.\r\nThe Iren Dabasu Formation is Middle–Late Campanian according to Xing et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "Saihanggaobi, Sonid Zuoqi (Sunitezuoqi), 15 km SW of Erenhot" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Gigantoraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "clade:Caenagnathidae", "genus:103707" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "372266", "372793", "103707" ], "candidateIds": [ "372266", "372793", "103707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "89460", "name": "Gigantspinosaurus", "displayName": "Gigantspinosaurus", "attribution": "Ouyang 1992", "rawAttribution": "Ouyang 1992", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=89460", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Huayangosauridae", "Gigantspinosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "56485", "89460" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=89460", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gigantspinosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=89460" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "89460", "genus": "Gigantspinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "624286", "collectionId": "67236", "identifiedName": "Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19209", "collectionReferenceId": "65684", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Yinhe, Zhongquan", "collection_aka": "Pengtang, Jinquan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"upper Shaximiao Fm.\"\r\nSeveral radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "Pengtang, Jinquan, Zigong. Also listed as Yinhe village, Zhongquan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Huayangosauridae", "Gigantspinosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Huayangosauridae", "genus:89460" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "candidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38772", "name": "Gilmoreosaurus", "displayName": "Gilmoreosaurus", "attribution": "Brett-Surman 1979", "rawAttribution": "Brett-Surman 1979", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38772", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Gilmoreosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38772" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38772", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gilmoreosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38772" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38772", "genus": "Gilmoreosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487485", "collectionId": "48942", "identifiedName": "Mandschurosaurus mongoliensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13061", "collectionReferenceId": "13061", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Iren Dabasu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH quarry 149, Iren Dabasu", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Iren Dabasu Formation is Middle–Late Campanian according to Xing et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "8.75 miles E of Iren Dabasu telegraph station" }, { "genusId": "38772", "genus": "Gilmoreosaurus", "occurrenceId": "880208", "collectionId": "97637", "identifiedName": "Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10471", "collectionReferenceId": "10471", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Iren Dabasu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH quarry 145, Iren Dabasu", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Iren Dabasu Formation is Middle–Late Campanian according to Xing et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "8.5 miles E of Iren Dabasu telegraph station, SW of quarry 149" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Gilmoreosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:38772" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "38770", "38772" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "iren dabasu", "nei mongol" ], "label": "Iren Dabasu Formation · Nei Mongol · CN", "occurrenceId": "880208", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bactrosaurus": [ "299144", "404942", "487440", "489854" ], "Gilmoreosaurus": [ "487485", "880208" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38770", "38772" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "67847", "name": "Giraffatitan", "displayName": "Giraffatitan", "attribution": "(Paul 1988)", "rawAttribution": "(Paul 1988)", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67847", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Brachiosauridae", "Giraffatitan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "38673", "67847" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67847", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Giraffatitan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67847" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475067", "collectionId": "47123", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12562", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry D", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "1 km NNE of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475140", "collectionId": "47137", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12562", "collectionReferenceId": "12562", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry N", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "0.9 km E of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475146", "collectionId": "47141", "identifiedName": "? Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12562", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry ab", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "1.2 km NNE of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475148", "collectionId": "47142", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12562", "collectionReferenceId": "12562", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry cc", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "2.9 km ENE of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475157", "collectionId": "47145", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12562", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry IX", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Transitional Sands = base of member", "geogcomments": "1.4 km NE of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475161", "collectionId": "47147", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36770", "collectionReferenceId": "62677", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry S", "collection_aka": "British Expedition, M 20, Kitukituki", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "1.0 km SSW of Tendaguru Hill, near two baobab trees in the Kitukituki streambed" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475162", "collectionId": "47148", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus fraasi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36770", "collectionReferenceId": "36770", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Y", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "3.1 km N of Tendaguru Hull" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475224", "collectionId": "47153", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12579", "collectionReferenceId": "12560", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry dd", "collection_aka": "quarry HS, British Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "2.5 km N of Tendaguru, near Kindope, near quarry Y and N of quarry ST (EH)" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475242", "collectionId": "47151", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12582", "collectionReferenceId": "62677", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry St", "collection_aka": "Stegosaur quarry, quarry EH, Kindope, British Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "near Kindope, 3 km NW of Tendaguru" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475243", "collectionId": "47146", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12582", "collectionReferenceId": "18585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Ig, Kindope", "collection_aka": "Quarry Jg, Dysalotosaurus Quarry, quarry WJ, Iguanodonten-Schicht\r\n\r\n\r\n", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed\r\nFour closely spaced but discrete monodominant bonebeds\r\nSchwarz et al. 2023: at least three levels within the member contain Dysalotosaurus bonebeds at this site.\r\nHeinrich (2001): Miospore and dinoflagellate assemblages recovered from matrix, housed in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin (Institut fur Palaontologie), suggest a Kimmeridgian to Tithonian age for bone bed Wj (Schrank 1999, 2000), whereas associated charophytes (Schudack 1999) and ostracods (Schudack & Schudack 2001) indicate a Kimmeridgian age for this bone-bearing deposit. Further biostratigraphic studies are needed to determine more precisely the age of the two bone beds at Tendaguru Site dy.", "geogcomments": "2.3 km NNW of Tendaguru Hill, near Kindope, ca. 400 m S of quarry St. Includes Bonebeds 1-4 (BB1, BB2, BB3, BB4)." }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475246", "collectionId": "47158", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "53424", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Aa, Mtapaia", "collection_aka": "Quary aa", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "near Mtapaia" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475247", "collectionId": "47143", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry X", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "1.0 km SSE of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475248", "collectionId": "47157", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "12560", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry T", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475250", "collectionId": "47161", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12560", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry l", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475253", "collectionId": "47156", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "53424", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Z", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "just below the summit of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "475255", "collectionId": "47182", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12606", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry E", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483404", "collectionId": "48345", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry II", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483414", "collectionId": "48350", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry e", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483419", "collectionId": "48354", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry XX", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483438", "collectionId": "48358", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Ki", "collection_aka": "Kijenjere", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Transitional Sands = base of member", "geogcomments": "near Kijenjere, 4 km NE of Kindope, northernmost Tendaguru site on the plateau, 8.5 km N of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483452", "collectionId": "48359", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "53424", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry No", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483456", "collectionId": "48363", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry R", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483457", "collectionId": "48364", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry F", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Transitional Sands = base of member", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483468", "collectionId": "48367", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry XII", "collection_aka": "XIIa", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "includes Trench XIIa, about 700m N of Tendaguru Hill. Includes site XIIa." }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483469", "collectionId": "48370", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Ma", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483495", "collectionId": "48377", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry XV", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "may also include Upper Transitional Sands; formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "NW of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483497", "collectionId": "48378", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Ng", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed; probably also includes Upper Transitional Sands", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483499", "collectionId": "48379", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Bo", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483500", "collectionId": "48380", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry To", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483501", "collectionId": "48381", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry p", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483502", "collectionId": "48382", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry t, Kindope", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "may be Upper Dinosaur Member instead; formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "near Kindope, N of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483504", "collectionId": "48384", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Lw", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483505", "collectionId": "48385", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Sa", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed; may also include specimens from Middle Saurian Bed (Middle Dinosaur Member)", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "483511", "collectionId": "48388", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Lower Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry J", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Lower Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "879479", "collectionId": "47159", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12561", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry TL", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "879480", "collectionId": "48387", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Lower Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Q", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Lower Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "879481", "collectionId": "48374", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry GD", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "879482", "collectionId": "48371", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12602", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry JR", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "879483", "collectionId": "48344", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry XIV", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "879484", "collectionId": "48349", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru Quarry G", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "400 m S of Tendaguru Hill, Tendaguru Plateau" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "879485", "collectionId": "97536", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry U", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the trail from Tendaguru Hill to Kerani Ligoma" }, { "genusId": "67847", "genus": "Giraffatitan", "occurrenceId": "879486", "collectionId": "97537", "identifiedName": "Brachiosaurus brancai", "acceptedName": "Giraffatitan brancai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12603", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry i", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Brachiosauridae", "Giraffatitan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Brachiosauridae", "genus:67847" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38677", "67847" ], "candidateIds": [ "38677", "67847" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "117149", "name": "Glacialisaurus", "displayName": "Glacialisaurus", "attribution": "Smith and Pol 2007", "rawAttribution": "Smith and Pol 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=117149", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Glacialisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "56621", "117149" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Massospondylidae › Glacialisaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Infer predominantly plant-based feeding from close relatives; do not claim observed meals or exclude occasional animal consumption.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=117149", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Antarctica" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Glacialisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=117149" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "117149", "genus": "Glacialisaurus", "occurrenceId": "475135", "collectionId": "47135", "identifiedName": "Glacialisaurus hammeri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Glacialisaurus hammeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26326", "collectionReferenceId": "14703", "cc": "AQ", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Hanson", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mt. Kirkpatrick, Beardmore Glacier", "collection_aka": "NSF-Augustana College", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "collected within 1 m stratigraphically and 5 m laterally, except for \"3 bones\", including pterosaur (which came from 50 m below). Often described as from high in the Falla Fm. but actually from low in the Hanson.\r\n\r\n\"The presence of Dicroidium odontopteroides in the Falla Formation 300 meters below the vertebrate bearing layers of the Hanson Formation, and pollen and spore assemblages from the middle part of the Falla Formation provide an upper bound of Carnian–Norian (Late Triassic) for the base of the Hanson Formation (Kyle and Schopf 1982; Farabee et al. 1989; Elliot 1996). A radiometric date of 177±2 Ma of the overlying Prebble Formation and Kirkpatrick Basalt (Heimann et al. 1994) gives a lower bound of Aalenian (earliest Middle Jurassic) for the top of the Hanson Formation. Additional radiometric dates from the top of the Hanson Formation, including a K−Ar date of 203±3 Ma (Barrett and Elliot 1972), and an Rb−Sr isochron date of 186±9 Ma (Faure and Hill 1973), suggest that the lower part of the Hanson Formation, which includes the vertebrate−bearing horizons, is probably middle Early Jurassic (Elliot 1996).\" (Smith & Pol 2007:658-659). \r\n", "geogcomments": "Mount Kirkpatrick, near Beardmore Glacier, Transantarctic Mtns., approx. 650 km from Souh Pole" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Glacialisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Massospondylidae", "genus:117149" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "117149" ], "candidateIds": [ "117149" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "82623", "name": "Glyptodontopelta", "displayName": "Glyptodontopelta", "attribution": "Ford 2000", "rawAttribution": "Ford 2000", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=82623", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Glyptodontopelta" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "82623" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=82623", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Glyptodontopelta", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=82623" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "82623", "genus": "Glyptodontopelta", "occurrenceId": "565232", "collectionId": "59068", "identifiedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "acceptedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "16780", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH Loc. L-4005", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Flynn et al. 2020: The mammalian faunas of the Naashoibito Member correlates to the Lancian Land Mammal Age, which suggests a late Maastrichtian age (Williamson and Weil, 2008a). Paleobotanical analyses on the megaflora and pollen indicates that the Ojo Alamo Sandstone is earliest Paleocene in age and is correlated with palynostratigraphic zones P1 or P2 ( Anderson, 1959; Nichols, 2003; Williamson et al., 2008; Flynn and Peppe, in press). Recent detrital sanidine and paleomagnetic work has constrained the Naashoibito Member to the latest Maastrichtian indicating the K/Pg boundary is represented by the unconformity between the Naashoibito Member and the Ojo Alamo Sandstone (Peppe et al., 2013; Flynn et al., 2019). These data, coupled with previous sedimentological analyses, demonstrate that the Naashoibito Member is late Maastrichtian in age and the Ojo Alamo Sandstone is early Paleocene in age with an erosive unconformity, that cuts out the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, separating the two units", "geogcomments": "Alamo Mesa East quad, near Toadlena" }, { "genusId": "82623", "genus": "Glyptodontopelta", "occurrenceId": "591676", "collectionId": "62543", "identifiedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18004", "collectionReferenceId": "18055", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "1 mile southwest of Ojo Alamo Store (USNM)", "collection_aka": "Barrel Springs Arroyo", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "base of formation", "geogcomments": "in Barrel Springs Arroyo, about 1 mi SW of Ojo Alamo Store, 0.25 mi from USNM 8571" }, { "genusId": "82623", "genus": "Glyptodontopelta", "occurrenceId": "591677", "collectionId": "62544", "identifiedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "acceptedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29922", "collectionReferenceId": "18055", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Barrel Springs Arroyo 3 (USNM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "3-8 ft above base of Ojo Alamo Sandstone", "geogcomments": "in Barrel Springs arroyo, 1 mi S of Ojo Alamo" }, { "genusId": "82623", "genus": "Glyptodontopelta", "occurrenceId": "1410210", "collectionId": "53515", "identifiedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "acceptedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "81223", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Willow Wash, NMMNH Loc. L-3921", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from the head of Willow Wash within the Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness Area, San Juan County, San Juan Basin, New Mexico" }, { "genusId": "82623", "genus": "Glyptodontopelta", "occurrenceId": "1410232", "collectionId": "138836", "identifiedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "acceptedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "44515", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 384b, De-na-zin Microsite (S)", "collection_aka": "Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality within the Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness" }, { "genusId": "82623", "genus": "Glyptodontopelta", "occurrenceId": "1410241", "collectionId": "138833", "identifiedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "acceptedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "44513", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 403b, De-na-zin Microsite (SE)", "collection_aka": "Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality within the Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness" }, { "genusId": "82623", "genus": "Glyptodontopelta", "occurrenceId": "1410250", "collectionId": "97795", "identifiedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "acceptedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "33791", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 410b, Willow Wash", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "a few meters above the base of the Naashoibito Member (Ojo Alamo Formation)", "geogcomments": "approx. sec 1, T24N, R12W, head of Willow Wash, San Juan Basin; Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness" }, { "genusId": "82623", "genus": "Glyptodontopelta", "occurrenceId": "1411233", "collectionId": "171031", "identifiedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "acceptedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "66250", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 363b", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "82623", "genus": "Glyptodontopelta", "occurrenceId": "1572117", "collectionId": "222084", "identifiedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "acceptedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "66250", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-2014", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"approximately 30 ft. below Ojo Alamo sand\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "82623", "genus": "Glyptodontopelta", "occurrenceId": "1572133", "collectionId": "222086", "identifiedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "acceptedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "66250", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-4013", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"approximately 30 ft. below the Ojo Alamo sand\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "82623", "genus": "Glyptodontopelta", "occurrenceId": "1572135", "collectionId": "222088", "identifiedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "acceptedName": "Glyptodontopelta mimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "66250", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-1463", "collection_aka": "CWO 84-009", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Glyptodontopelta" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:82623" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "82623" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "kirtland", "new mexico" ], "label": "Kirtland Formation · New Mexico · US", "occurrenceId": "1572135", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Glyptodontopelta" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Glyptodontopelta": [ "1410210", "1572117", "1572133", "1572135" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "82623" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "399807", "name": "Gnathovorax", "displayName": "Gnathovorax", "attribution": "Pacheco et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Pacheco et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=399807", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Herrerasauridae", "Gnathovorax" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38510", "399807" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Recurved, blade-like serrated dentition and skull anatomy support predatory feeding.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Herrerasauridae › Gnathovorax; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D9", "title": "Gnathovorax cabreirai: a new early dinosaur and the origin and initial radiation of predatory dinosaurs", "authors": "Pacheco et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7963", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6844243/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental morphology and predatory discussion read", "dietSupport": "Blade-like, recurved, compressed serrated crowns and comparative anatomy support predatory feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view1", "turn587view2" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": null, "primaryInterpretation": "carnivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=399807", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gnathovorax", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=399807" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "399807", "genus": "Gnathovorax", "occurrenceId": "1486218", "collectionId": "196709", "identifiedName": "Gnathovorax cabreirai n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gnathovorax cabreirai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71101", "collectionReferenceId": "66944", "cc": "BR", "state": "Rio Grande do Sul", "county": "", "formation": "Santa Maria", "member": "", "geological_group": "Rosário do Sul", "collection_name": "Marchezan, São João do Polêsine", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Santa Maria Formation, Candelária Sequence, Paraná Basin", "geogcomments": "\"... the recently found Marchezan site. It crops out in a private farm in the proximity of the Highway RS-149 at km 135 in the municipality of São João do Polêsine, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil\" (Pacheco et al. 2018); Edited to exact coordinates from Pacheco et al. 2019" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Herrerasauridae", "Gnathovorax" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Herrerasauridae", "genus:399807" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "candidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "385121", "name": "Gobihadros", "displayName": "Gobihadros", "attribution": "Tsogtbaatar et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Tsogtbaatar et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=385121", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Gobihadros" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "385121" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Cenomanian to Santonian date is based upon palaeomagnetic analyses (see Watabe et al. 2009)", "geogcomments": "SE side of Bayshin Tsav outcrops" }, { "genusId": "385121", "genus": "Gobihadros", "occurrenceId": "1269314", "collectionId": "168800", "identifiedName": "Gobihadros mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Gobihadros mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68688", "collectionReferenceId": "80572", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khoolai Tsav [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Khoorai Tsav, Khuurai Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Khoolai Tsav (= Khoorai Tsav, Khuurai Tsav), 3 km SW of Bayshin Tsav. 43-29-17 N, 107-43-48 E" }, { "genusId": "385121", "genus": "Gobihadros", "occurrenceId": "1269339", "collectionId": "168807", "identifiedName": "Gobihadros mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Gobihadros mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68688", "collectionReferenceId": "76481", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayshin Tsav IV [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Bayshin-Tsav, BTs-IV", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Baynshire Suite = Bayn Shire = Baynshiree. Cenomanian to Santonian date is based upon palaeomagnetic analyses (see Watabe et al. 2009)", "geogcomments": "Bayshin Tsav IV, W side of Bayshin Tsav outcrops" }, { "genusId": "385121", "genus": "Gobihadros", "occurrenceId": "1273568", "collectionId": "108340", "identifiedName": "Gobihadros mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Gobihadros mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68688", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khongil Tsav I [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Bayn Shire Formation\r\n\r\nKurumada et al. 2020: Two meaningful calcite U–Pb ages were obtained; 95.9 ± 6.0 and 89.6 ± 4.0 Ma, which are consistent with published ages from the Bayn Shire Formation.\r\n", "geogcomments": "Main outcrop at Khongil Tsav (= Khongil Tsav I)" }, { "genusId": "385121", "genus": "Gobihadros", "occurrenceId": "1439002", "collectionId": "169246", "identifiedName": "Gobihadros mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Gobihadros mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68688", "collectionReferenceId": "76481", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayshin Tsav III (HMNS-GIN)", "collection_aka": "Bayshin-Tsav, BTs-III", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Baynshire Suite = Bayn Shire = Baynshiree. Cenomanian to Santonian date is based upon palaeomagnetic analyses (see Watabe et al. 2009)", "geogcomments": "At BTs-III, sublocality of Bayshin Tsav" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Gobihadros" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:385121" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "38770", "385121" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "baynshire" ], "label": "Baynshire Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1439002", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Gobihadros" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bactrosaurus": [ "1058686", "1271480" ], "Gobihadros": [ "1093937", "1093941", "1269314", "1269339", "1273568", "1439002" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38770", "385121" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=381603", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gobiraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=381603" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "381603", "genus": "Gobiraptor", "occurrenceId": "1432424", "collectionId": "199805", "identifiedName": "Gobiraptor minutus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gobiraptor minutus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67955", "collectionReferenceId": "67955", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula III [KID]", "collection_aka": "Altan Uul III", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Oviraptoridae", "Gobiraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "clade:Oviraptoridae", "genus:381603" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "candidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "84234", "name": "Gobisaurus", "displayName": "Gobisaurus", "attribution": "Vickaryous et al. 2001", "rawAttribution": "Vickaryous et al. 2001", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=84234", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Gobisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "84234" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=84234", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gobisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=84234" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "84234", "genus": "Gobisaurus", "occurrenceId": "621556", "collectionId": "66924", "identifiedName": "Gobisaurus domoculus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gobisaurus domoculus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18341", "collectionReferenceId": "19051", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Miaogou", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Maortu", "collection_aka": "Chilantai, Jilantai", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Suhongtu Fm. Faunal assignment to Aptian-Albian, but dating of underlying beds suggests maximum age is Turonian\r\n\"During early years, the fossils from this locality were mistakenly claimed to belong to 'Wulanhushao (Suhongtu) Formation' (Vickaryous et al., 2001), 'Dashuigou Formation' (Weishampel et al., 2004) and 'Ulansuhai Formation.' However, this fossil-bearing unit from which the oviraptorosaurs were discovered actually belongs to the Miaogou Formation, which incorporated the formerly abandoned Dashuigou Formation and Wulanhushao Formation\" (ref 90711)", "geogcomments": "Maortu, about 60 km N of Chilantai (Jilantai), on E side of Chilantai Salt Lake (Chilantaiyen Chih), E part of Alashan Desert" }, { "genusId": "84234", "genus": "Gobisaurus", "occurrenceId": "741048", "collectionId": "79687", "identifiedName": "Zhongyuansaurus luoyangensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gobisaurus domoculus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26778", "collectionReferenceId": "26778", "cc": "CN", "state": "Henan", "county": "Ruyang", "formation": "Haoling", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Liufugou, Liudan", "collection_aka": "Liu Dianxiang, Luoyang", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"early Late Cretaceous\"; \"upper series\"\r\n\r\nOriginally assigned to the Mangchuan Formation", "geogcomments": "Liufugou village of Luidan (Liu Dianxiang), Luoyang, Ruyang County, Henan; S of Yellow River" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Gobisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "genus:84234" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57228", "302920", "484516", "84234", "500588", "68244", "52794" ], "candidateIds": [ "84234" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "haoling" ], "label": "Haoling Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "741048", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gobisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bissektipelta", "Chuanqilong", "Datai", "Huaxiazhoulong", "Liaoningosaurus", "Shamosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gobisaurus": [ "741048" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "84234" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "84665", "name": "Gobititan", "displayName": "Gobititan", "attribution": "You et al. 2003", "rawAttribution": "You et al. 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=84665", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Euhelopodidae", "Gobititan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "38699", "84665" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. 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Digou Fm.\r\nZhang et al. 2015: The palynomorph assemblages contain a large number of biostratigraphically significant palynomorphs, such as numerically abundant tricolpate and rare polyaperturate angiosperm pollen grains, which indicate an Early Albian age for the Zhonggou Formation", "geogcomments": "Mazongshan area, Gongpoquan Basin, western Gansu province, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Euhelopodidae", "Gobititan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Euhelopodidae", "genus:84665" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "154995", "84665", "288219" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "zhonggou", "gansu" ], "label": "Zhonggou Formation · Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": "602121", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gobititan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Daxiatitan", "Yongjinglong" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gobititan": [ "602121" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "154995", "84665", "288219" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "287652", "name": "Gobivenator", "displayName": "Gobivenator", "attribution": "Tsuihiji et al. 2014", "rawAttribution": "Tsuihiji et al. 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=287652", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Gobivenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "287652" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65489", "name": "Gojirasaurus", "displayName": "Gojirasaurus", "attribution": "Carpenter 1997", "rawAttribution": "Carpenter 1997", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65489", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Coelophysoidea", "Gojirasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "55476", "65489" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65489", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gojirasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65489" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65489", "genus": "Gojirasaurus", "occurrenceId": "490747", "collectionId": "49499", "identifiedName": "Gojirasaurus quayi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gojirasaurus quayi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7058", "collectionReferenceId": "19871", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Quay", "formation": "Bull Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Dockum", "collection_name": "UCM Loc. 82021, Revuelto Creek Local Fauna", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "late Early Norian; initially referred to \"Cooper Canyon Formation\" and later considered Bull Canyon. 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Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66643", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gongxianosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66643" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66643", "genus": "Gongxianosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513498", "collectionId": "51980", "identifiedName": "Gongxianosaurus shibeiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gongxianosaurus shibeiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13900", "collectionReferenceId": "13900", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Gongxian", "formation": "Ziliujing", "member": "Dongyuemiao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shibei, Hongshacun", "collection_aka": "Gongxian", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle to upper part of member. 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Coordinates estimated from map in Sternberg 1950." }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139250", "collectionId": "11893", "identifiedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4205", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 48, Steveville (UA)", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 48, U.A.1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "near Steveville, Alberta (now Dinosaur Provincial Park); NW 1/4, sec 36, T20, R12, W 4th meridian." }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139252", "collectionId": "11895", "identifiedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4205", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 74, Steveville", "collection_aka": "NMC, Sternberg Quarry 50, G.S.C.24", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "near Steveville, Alberta (now Dinosaur Provincial Park); 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3.5 miles below mouth of Berry Creek, on S side of river, Red Deer River, Alberta; NE 1/4 sec 16, T21, R12, LSD 4; \"near the prairie level\"" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220028", "collectionId": "22659", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus libratus", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5924", "collectionReferenceId": "18556", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 143, BB 43", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1534, Centrosaurus Bonebed 43, 0175/1, JR043, L0043", "geogscale": "basin", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_min\r\nlow in formation, 10.5 m above contact w/Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "456920 N, 5622350E (NAD 27 datum) = S5, T21, R11, W of 4 (also listed as 465950mE, 5622350mN). 91.5 m S of Quarry 88" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564427", "collectionId": "58913", "identifiedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62727", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 29, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 21, ROM, U.T.19", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "near Steveville, Alberta (now Dinosaur Provincial Park)" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564549", "collectionId": "58944", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus libratus", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15355", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 31, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 22, ROM, U.T.21", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 28, T21N, R12W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565105", "collectionId": "59024", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus libratus", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4205", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 90, Little Sandhill Creek", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 59, A.M.4", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally listed as Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "near Steveville, Alberta (now Dinosaur Provincial Park). E of mouth of Little Sandhill Creek, SW 1/4, sec 8, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "690123", "collectionId": "74175", "identifiedName": "Gorgosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24895", "collectionReferenceId": "54013", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ruby Site, Haystack Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Haystack Butte, NE Butte County" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "901632", "collectionId": "58156", "identifiedName": "Laelaps falculus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15650", "collectionReferenceId": "17576", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Blaine", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Cow Island", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Cow Island on the Upper Missouri" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1180434", "collectionId": "106277", "identifiedName": "Gorgosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48791", "collectionReferenceId": "35424", "cc": "US", "state": "North Carolina", "county": "Bladen", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Black Creek", "collection_name": "Cape Fear River Mileboard 56", "collection_aka": "Phoebus Landing", "geogscale": "hand sample", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"Phoebus Landing, a locality on the right bank of the Cape Fear River at Mileboard 56, about 10 miles southeast of Elizabethtown, Bladen County, North Carolina.\"" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1260170", "collectionId": "167468", "identifiedName": "cf. Gorgosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54639", "collectionReferenceId": "54639", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Gallatin", "formation": "Sedan", "member": "Mudstone", "geological_group": "Livingston", "collection_name": "north part, Sedan quadrangle", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Mudstone unit\" that lies below the Lennep", "geogcomments": "northern part of Sedan quadrangle" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1390598", "collectionId": "52481", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus libratus", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4205", "collectionReferenceId": "4205", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (75 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "R bank Sand Creek, 75 ft above river, near Red Deer River, Little Sandhill Creek basin" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1409259", "collectionId": "14537", "identifiedName": "cf. Gorgosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry, SDSM loc. V637", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1557021", "collectionId": "219724", "identifiedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "91084", "collectionReferenceId": "76540", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 215", "collection_aka": "locality L0315, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "RTMP Quarry 215, Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1571432", "collectionId": "47629", "identifiedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77956", "collectionReferenceId": "12772", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "White Rock Coulee (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unknown section, T17, R3, W 4th meridian, White Rock Coulee, near Medicine Hat, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1625148", "collectionId": "229975", "identifiedName": "cf. Gorgosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84522", "collectionReferenceId": "84522", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Lake Diefenbaker site", "collection_aka": "LD, Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Lake Diefenbaker (‘Lake Diefenbaker site’; LD), on the north side of the river in Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1663435", "collectionId": "69213", "identifiedName": "Dryptosaurus kenabekides n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55607", "collectionReferenceId": "13002", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Fergus", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Judith River badlands (USGS)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "badlands of the Judith River valley, along the MIssouri - described by Lull & Wright 42 as \"at the mouth of the Judith River where it enters the Missouri\"" }, { "genusId": "53193", "genus": "Gorgosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2048267", "collectionId": "52475", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus libratus", "acceptedName": "Gorgosaurus libratus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4205", "collectionReferenceId": "13165", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "150 ft above R bank, Little Sandhill Creek (Sand Creek), Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Albertosaurinae", "Gorgosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "clade:Tyrannosauridae", "clade:Albertosaurinae", "genus:53193" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38607", "53193" ], "candidateIds": [ "38607", "53193" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38794", "name": "Goyocephale", "displayName": "Goyocephale", "attribution": "Perle et al. 1982", "rawAttribution": "Perle et al. 1982", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38794", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Goyocephale" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38782", "38794" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38794", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Goyocephale", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38794" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38794", "genus": "Goyocephale", "occurrenceId": "149987", "collectionId": "13284", "identifiedName": "Goyocephale lattimorei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Goyocephale lattimorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4408", "collectionReferenceId": "4408", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Boro Khovil", "collection_aka": "Goyocephale type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Upper Cretaceous red sandstones\" described as probably \"not older than the Djadokhta Formation\".", "geogcomments": "10 km W of Dzamyn Khond (60 km W of Bulgan Somon and S of the Arts Bogd Ull Mtn.) in the southern Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Coordinates are for Arts Bodg Ull Mtn." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Goyocephale" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Pachycephalosauria", "genus:38794" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38794", "38797", "516669" ], "candidateIds": [ "38794", "38797", "516669" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "67673", "name": "Graciliceratops", "displayName": "Graciliceratops", "attribution": "Sereno 2000", "rawAttribution": "Sereno 2000", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67673", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Graciliceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "52774", "67673" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67673", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Graciliceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67673" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "67673", "genus": "Graciliceratops", "occurrenceId": "150851", "collectionId": "13411", "identifiedName": "Graciliceratops mongoliensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Graciliceratops mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14425", "collectionReferenceId": "9899", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shiregin Gashun (PMPE)", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition 1971, Shiregin Gashoon", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "age listed as \"pre-Djadokhta\" and \"older, presumably early Late Cretaceous deposits\". 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "genus:67673" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55575", "66588", "94031", "426795", "67673", "55581", "328822", "498078", "85967" ], "candidateIds": [ "67673" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "baynshire" ], "label": "Baynshire Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "150851", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Graciliceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Archaeoceratops", "Asiaceratops", "Auroraceratops", "Beg", "Liaoceratops", "Mosaiceratops", "Sasayamagnomus", "Yamaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Graciliceratops": [ "150851" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "67673" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "146456", "name": "Graciliraptor", "displayName": "Graciliraptor", "attribution": "Xu and Wang 2004", "rawAttribution": "Xu and Wang 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=146456", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Microraptorinae", "Graciliraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "72105", "146456" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=146456", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Graciliraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=146456" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "146456", "genus": "Graciliraptor", "occurrenceId": "811553", "collectionId": "53493", "identifiedName": "Graciliraptor lujiatunensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Graciliraptor lujiatunensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29877", "collectionReferenceId": "14918", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal member of Yixian Formation = Member 1 = Lujiatun beds; 40Ar/39Ar age for bed is 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma.\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Lujiatun village (N 41° 36.201'; E 120° 54.793'), Shangyuan, Beipiao City" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Microraptorinae", "Graciliraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Microraptorinae", "genus:146456" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "299732", "146456", "523876", "68238", "96499", "68204", "391290" ], "candidateIds": [ "299732", "146456" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "yixian", "lujiatun" ], "label": "Lujiatun Member · Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "811553", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Graciliraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Changyuraptor" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Jian", "Microraptor", "Shanag", "Sinornithosaurus", "Zhongjianosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Graciliraptor": [ "811553" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "299732", "146456" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Leptoceratopsidae", "genus:228691" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "228691" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "milk river" ], "label": "Milk River Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "1024996", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gryphoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cerasinops", "Ferrisaurus", "Gremlin", "Leptoceratops", "Montanoceratops", "Prenoceratops", "Unescoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gryphoceratops": [ "1024996" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "228691" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "53014", "name": "Gryposaurus", "displayName": "Gryposaurus", "attribution": "Lambe 1914", "rawAttribution": "Lambe 1914", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53014", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Kritosaurini", "Gryposaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "267712", "53014" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53014", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gryposaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53014" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "139294", "collectionId": "11919", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus cf. notabilis", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59147", "collectionReferenceId": "4206", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "near mouth of Sandhill Creek (50 ft level) [NMC]", "collection_aka": "Sand Creek, RTMP Quarry 252", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near mouth of Sandhill Creek, about 50 feet (~15 m) above Red Deer River, AB. [Listed as Sand Creek but presumably an error, M. Vavrek pers. comm. to M. Carrano.]" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "220098", "collectionId": "22689", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5724", "collectionReferenceId": "14615", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jack's Birthday Site, MOR TM-068 (bone layer)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1564", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: frm bentonites radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min\r\n\r\nForeman et al. 2008: 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic age data reported for the Two Medicine Formation (Rogers et al., 1993; present study) are consistent with the unit accumulating during most of the Campanian Stage (83.5–70.6 Ma, Gradstein et al., 2004), with deposition definitively commencing prior to 80 Ma and terminating shortly after 74 Ma. ", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "280198", "collectionId": "26767", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46756", "collectionReferenceId": "7400", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Stillwater", "formation": "Bearpaw Shale", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Lake Basin, Big Lake (PU)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from \"lower part of Bearpaw Shale\"; originally considered \"Ft. Pierre Shale\"", "geogcomments": "from \"Lake Basin\", near Big Lake, 24 km NNE of Columbus, Stillwater County, MT; 6-8.5 km from D. Whitney's\n\"Lake Basin about 5 mi from D. Whitney's house.\"" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "467014", "collectionId": "46331", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus incurvimanus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14121", "collectionReferenceId": "14121", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sandhill Creek (116 ft)", "collection_aka": "G. incurvimanus type, ROM, RTMP Quarry 99, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Belly River series\", low in formation, 16 m above contact w/Oldman", "geogcomments": "badlands of Red Deer River, vicinity of confluence with Sand Hill Creek, 116 feet (aneroid) above water level, 2.5 miles above Happy Jack ferry and 1 mile S of river. = UTM 12U 466384me, 5622311mN" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "501516", "collectionId": "14437", "identifiedName": "? Gryposaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59434", "collectionReferenceId": "25474", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Careless Creek Quarry (CCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the lower 1/3rd of the local section according to Penkalski and Dodson 1999\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma, ", "geogcomments": "on Careless Creek Ranch (owned by Lammers family), near Shawmut, Wheatland Co., about 150 km NW of Billings and 160 km S of Leidy-Cope localities on Missouri R." }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "535209", "collectionId": "55317", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus incurvimanus", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16964", "collectionReferenceId": "61483", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 137 (II)", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River, Sternberg", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also described as the \"pale beds\" of the Belly River Formation", "geogcomments": "Collection is believed to be from Quarry 137, however the exact origin is not known. Not the same as Quarry 137 in Danis (1986)" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "564551", "collectionId": "58946", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 34, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 26, ROM, U.T.24, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 21, T21N, R12W, W 4th meridian; 3 mi below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "564552", "collectionId": "58947", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17546", "collectionReferenceId": "17546", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 35, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 27, Gryposaurus type, NMC, G.S.C.5", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "on Red Deer River; SW 1/4, sec 22, T21N, R12W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "565047", "collectionId": "59012", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus incurvimanus", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 76, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 110, NMC, G.S.C.25", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 17, T21N, R10W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "565058", "collectionId": "59013", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus incurvimanus", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 77, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 111, NMC, G.S.C.26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 17, T21N, R10W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "565492", "collectionId": "59102", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 118 (ROM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "565518", "collectionId": "59119", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus incurvimanus", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16982", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 149", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "565873", "collectionId": "59221", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92747", "collectionReferenceId": "12116", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 123, southeast of Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg, NMC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally described as from the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "0.5 miles SE of Steveville ferry, 35 feet above Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "702980", "collectionId": "75467", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus monumentensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus monumentensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25465", "collectionReferenceId": "84665", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gryposaurus monumentensis type, GS-ENM (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "no locality info given, so point chosen within Grand Staircase-Escalante National Momument" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "870170", "collectionId": "96534", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus notabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32772", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Little Sandhill Creek, Red Deer River (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"50 m stratigraphically above the south bank of the Red Deer River and approximately 19 km south of the ghost town of Steveville, Alberta, Canada\"\r\n" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "1124574", "collectionId": "142497", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus latidens n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus latidens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10628", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Hagans Crossing", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Hillside Quarry, MOR TM-055", "collection_aka": "Cut Bank, Shield's Crossing, Shields Crossing", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "site re-located as 100 m above Virgelle Sandstone in lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "near Shields Crossing (= Shield's Crossing), 12 miles southwest (ca. 15 km SSW) of Cut Bank, along Two Medicine River W of Hwy 358 bridge" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "1237866", "collectionId": "163050", "identifiedName": "cf. Gryposaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76812", "collectionReferenceId": "52782", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Wapiti", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Willow Park campground", "collection_aka": "Tanke Site 5", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N55°04'88\"; W119°31'65\"; Located on the S bank of the Red Willow River, approximately 6.4 km NNE of Elmworth, directly across from the Red Willow Park campground, just upstream from Secondary Highway 722 bridge.\r\n\r\nCeratopsid material was found 100 m downstream." }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "1292587", "collectionId": "172613", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85381", "collectionReferenceId": "85381", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RAM V200810, GS-ENM (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper portion of the middle unit of the Kaiparowits Formation, ca. 150 m above type locality for Gryposaurus monumentensis.", "geogcomments": "unspecified location within Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "1370764", "collectionId": "187092", "identifiedName": "? Gryposaurus alsatei", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus alsatei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62764", "collectionReferenceId": "62764", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rough Run Amphitheater", "collection_aka": "Big Bend NP, TMM 46033; TxVP 46033", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost part of formation", "geogcomments": "Rough Run Amphitheater, an erosional embayment on S flank of Rough Run Creek, W part of Big Bend NP" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "1626158", "collectionId": "97806", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84664", "collectionReferenceId": "33796", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Horse Mountain Gryposaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "GS-ENM, UMNH VP Loc. 951, UMNH VP Loc. 1222", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Horse Mountain, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "1629989", "collectionId": "230869", "identifiedName": "Gryposaurus ", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86538", "collectionReferenceId": "86538", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wahweap Creek (UMNH VP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Wahweap Creek" }, { "genusId": "53014", "genus": "Gryposaurus", "occurrenceId": "1706132", "collectionId": "241748", "identifiedName": "? Gryposaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Gryposaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92747", "collectionReferenceId": "92747", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 150 (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 150", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from the Corythosaurus-Centrosaurus Assemblage Zone", "geogcomments": "at the NW end of Dinosaur Provincial Park" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Kritosaurini", "Gryposaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "hadrosaur-saurolophine-working-model", "rationale": "Reconcile imported traditional crestless-hadrosaur branches with the chosen basal-Hadrosaurus topology; preserve all finer descendants and apply the Hadrosaurus genus override last. This is a topology choice, not a synonym assertion.", "references": [ { "id": "addendum-madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary article indexed full-text extracts of the Hadrosaurinae, Saurolophinae and Brachylophosaurini entries; direct PMC open CAPTCHA and PeerJ open 403.", "finding": "Hadrosaurinae has Hadrosaurus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier. Saurolophinae has Saurolophus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier, with an additional exclusion condition for Hadrosaurus. These names are topology-dependent alternatives for the Saurolophus branch; they are not unconditional synonyms. Brachylophosaurini explicitly excludes Hadrosaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn656search0", "turn659search0" ] }, { "id": "addendum-ma2026", "title": "First Report of a Hollow Cranial Crest in an Early-Diverging Duck-Billed Dinosaur, with Implications for Convergent Evolution of Acoustic Signaling", "doi": "10.3390/biology15080615", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/15/8/615", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-04-13", "access": "Primary publisher indexed full-text section 5; direct open 429.", "finding": "Updated hadrosauroid analysis recovers Hadrosaurus as the earliest-diverging hadrosaurid, separate from Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae. This supplies a recent primary precedent for the chosen basal placement.", "webRefs": [ "turn670search0" ] } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Saurolophinae", "clade:Kritosaurini", "genus:53014" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "502379", "53014", "53195", "66594" ], "candidateIds": [ "502379", "53014", "53195", "66594" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "437527", "name": "Gspsaurus", "displayName": "Gspsaurus", "attribution": "Malkani 2014", "rawAttribution": "Malkani 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=437527", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Gspsauridae", "Gspsaurinae", "Gspsaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "437580", "437531", "437532", "437527" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=437527", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gspsaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=437527" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "437527", "genus": "Gspsaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559943", "collectionId": "79666", "identifiedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76850", "collectionReferenceId": "28187", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Alam Kali Kakor, DL-19 (central)", "collection_aka": "PDL-19, PDL-19c, Vitakri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "near lands owned by Alam Khetran, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Central site, on W end of Alam stream." }, { "genusId": "437527", "genus": "Gspsaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559945", "collectionId": "79666", "identifiedName": "Maojandino alami n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76848", "collectionReferenceId": "28187", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Alam Kali Kakor, DL-19 (central)", "collection_aka": "PDL-19, PDL-19c, Vitakri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "near lands owned by Alam Khetran, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Central site, on W end of Alam stream." }, { "genusId": "437527", "genus": "Gspsaurus", "occurrenceId": "1560015", "collectionId": "79429", "identifiedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani", "acceptedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76860", "collectionReferenceId": "26327", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Top Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-16 (eastern)", "collection_aka": "PDL-16, Vitakri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Top Kinwa – along upper part of Kinwa stream, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Two eastern sites, in the top reaches on the east." }, { "genusId": "437527", "genus": "Gspsaurus", "occurrenceId": "1560017", "collectionId": "79428", "identifiedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani", "acceptedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76860", "collectionReferenceId": "26327", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-4 (southern sites)", "collection_aka": "PDL-4, Vitakri, South Kinwa, DL-4s", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "W and NW of Kinwa hot gas springs, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. southernmost three sites. 10 m south from small peak which is about 50 meters west to Kinwa spring." }, { "genusId": "437527", "genus": "Gspsaurus", "occurrenceId": "1560019", "collectionId": "79665", "identifiedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani", "acceptedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76860", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Mari Bohri, DL-15 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-15", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "just W of village of Mari Bohri, 15 km W of Vitakri, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan, from E plunge of Mari Bohri-Mawand anticlinorium. Five main subsites." }, { "genusId": "437527", "genus": "Gspsaurus", "occurrenceId": "1560021", "collectionId": "79668", "identifiedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani", "acceptedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76860", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Darwaza-Gumbrak, DL-8 (Nahar Kot)", "collection_aka": "Nala, PDL-8, Darwaza Gambrak", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Darwaza-Gumbrak (= Darwaza Gambrak) locality (Nala locality), Nahar Kot area, Central Sulaiman Range (Dhaola), Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "437527", "genus": "Gspsaurus", "occurrenceId": "1560045", "collectionId": "79664", "identifiedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani", "acceptedName": "Gspsaurus pakistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76863", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkham", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Bor Kali Kakor, DL-2 (central)", "collection_aka": "PDL-2, Vitakri, Mid Bor", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... upper Pab Formation, just below or on the boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene).\"", "geogcomments": "central site, S of Bor Kali Kakor stream near Vitakri village, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Later papers supply diagnoses, designated types and locality statements; old conference-name dates alone do not justify a nomen nudum cut. Independent diagnosability and specimen associations remain insufficiently verified for hidden answers.", "references": [ { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Formal Description of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Biotas Found from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.net/journal/paperinformation?paperid=112161", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.119023", "access": "Primary full text/PDF read; newly formalized Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Nicksaurus and Maojandino with diagnoses and designated material.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Jurassic-Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene transitions and Mesozoic vertebrates from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2021080414130257.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.118016", "access": "Primary paper indexed description accessed; full August diagnoses not independently read in this bounded sweep.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2023, "title": "Geology and Mineral Deposits of Saraikistan (South Punjab, Koh Sulaiman Range) of Pakistan: A Tabular Review of Recently Discovered Biotas from Pakistan and Paleobiogeographic Link: Phylogeny and Hypodigm of Poripuchian Titanosaurs from Indo-Pakistan", "url": "https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2023083015073764.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2023.138040", "access": "Primary PDF read at nomenclatural tables and systematic discussion; distinguishes informal and later formal descriptions.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Hans-Volker Karl, Amtyaz Safi and Gottfried Tichy", "year": 2025, "title": "A review of the fossil records of dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous from present-day Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scientific-reports.com/index.php/srls/article/download/191/181/713", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.16895340", "access": "Primary review full PDF read. Repeats taxa and source dates, but does not independently rediagnose overlapping Pakistani types.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ] } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Gspsauridae", "Gspsaurinae", "Gspsaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Poripuchia", "clade:Gspsauridae", "clade:Gspsaurinae", "genus:437527" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "66570", "name": "Guaibasaurus", "displayName": "Guaibasaurus", "attribution": "Bonaparte et al. 1999", "rawAttribution": "Bonaparte et al. 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66570", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Guaibasauridae", "Guaibasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "66572", "66570" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Diet inferred from alternative early saurischian relatives; known postcranial material does not establish feeding. Use a broad animal/mixed clue or offer another clue.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Guaibasauridae › Guaibasaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Basal placement alone permits animal-based or mixed diets; this uncertainty set is a fairness allowance, not evidence the genus actually ate both.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D2", "title": "Skull remains of the dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil): With comments on the early evolution of sauropodomorph feeding behaviour", "authors": "Bronzati, Müller and Langer", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; cranial description and feeding discussion read", "dietSupport": "Saturnalia retained predatory capability. Early sauropodomorph diets varied; Bagualosaurus shows an earlier shift towards greater plant consumption. Provides craniodental comparisons of multiple later plant-adapted genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn459view0", "turn465view3" ] }, { "id": "I4", "title": "A reassessment of the basal dinosaur Guaibasaurus candelariensis, from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of south Brazil", "authors": "Langer et al.", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1017/S175569101102007X", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S175569101102007X", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Guaibasaurus postcranial anatomy has competing theropod and early sauropodomorph affinities; a specific diet is not directly known.", "webRefs": [ "turn552search20" ] } ], "confidence": "low", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Diet uncertain; animal-based or mixed", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66570", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Guaibasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66570" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66570", "genus": "Guaibasaurus", "occurrenceId": "536068", "collectionId": "55446", "identifiedName": "Guaibasaurus candelariensis", "acceptedName": "Guaibasaurus candelariensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14939", "collectionReferenceId": "34673", "cc": "BR", "state": "Rio Grande do Sul", "county": "Faxinal do Soturno County", "formation": "Caturrita", "member": "", "geological_group": "Rosário do Sul", "collection_name": "Faxinal do Soturno, Linha São Luiz", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper layers of the Santa Maria 2 Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence, corresponding lithostratigraphically to the Caturrita Formation. Ictidosauria or Mammaliamorpha Assemblage Zone (= Jachaleria Interval)\r\n\r\nCaturrita was originally considered Carnian-Norian in age; however, recent recalibration of the Triassic timescale suggests a Norian age (e.g. Langer et al. 2010; Brusatte et al. 2010. Earth-Science Reviews 101:68-100)", "geogcomments": "Coordinates given by de Vivar et al. (2020); slightly different sets of coordinates given for the same locality in different papers. Quarry for road metal located 1.5 km NE from the city of Faxinal do Soturno. Langer et al. (2007) and others refer to this locality as \"Linha São Luiz\". " }, { "genusId": "66570", "genus": "Guaibasaurus", "occurrenceId": "897618", "collectionId": "99665", "identifiedName": "? 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Earth-Science Reviews 101:68-100)", "geogcomments": "Located about 8 km W (listed as 6.5 km in Bonaparte et al. 1999) of Candelária City, in a roadcut of the route BR-287 (100 m S of road), state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; coordinates stated by Soares et al. (2011)" }, { "genusId": "66570", "genus": "Guaibasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1578530", "collectionId": "99665", "identifiedName": "Guaibasaurus candelariensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Guaibasaurus candelariensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13866", "collectionReferenceId": "13866", "cc": "BR", "state": "Rio Grande do Sul", "county": "", "formation": "Caturrita", "member": "", "geological_group": "Rosário do Sul", "collection_name": "Botucarai Hill, BR-287 road", "collection_aka": "Candelária, Botucaraí Hill, Sesmaria do Pinhal", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Locality is from the upper part of the highstand system tract of the Santa Maria Sequence 2, Santa Maria Supersequence of the Rosario do Sul Group, representing the lower part of the Caturrita Formation of Norian age (see Langer et al. 2007). Riograndia, Ictidosauria or Mammaliamorpha Assemblage Zone (= Jachaleria Interval)\r\n\r\nCaturrita was originally considered Carnian-Norian in age; however, recent recalibration of the Triassic timescale suggests a Norian age (e.g. Langer et al. 2010; Brusatte et al. 2010. Earth-Science Reviews 101:68-100)", "geogcomments": "Located about 8 km W (listed as 6.5 km in Bonaparte et al. 1999) of Candelária City, in a roadcut of the route BR-287 (100 m S of road), state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; coordinates stated by Soares et al. (2011)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Guaibasauridae", "Guaibasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Guaibasauridae", "genus:66570" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66570" ], "candidateIds": [ "66570" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "372448", "name": "Gualicho", "displayName": "Gualicho", "attribution": "Apesteguia et al. 2016", "rawAttribution": "Apesteguia et al. 2016", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372448", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Gualicho" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "372448" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372448", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gualicho", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372448" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "372448", "genus": "Gualicho", "occurrenceId": "1407897", "collectionId": "180530", "identifiedName": "Gualicho shinyae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gualicho shinyae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66123", "collectionReferenceId": "59904", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Huincul", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Violante farm", "collection_aka": "Violante’s farm, Pueblo Blanco Natural Reserve", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Violante farm, SE of Ezequiel Ramos-Mexia lake, NW Río Negro province - specimens from an area at least 800 m in extent: specimen MPCA-Pv 803 was found at 39° 24′ 10.17′′ S, 68° 36′ 53.37′′ W, that is, 800 m far from the site where the holotype (MPCA PV 802) was recovered (39° 23′ 45.24′′ S, 68° 36′ 40.80′′ W)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Gualicho" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "genus:372448" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65079", "38605", "372448", "399346", "53212", "395956", "362111" ], "candidateIds": [ "372448" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "huincul" ], "label": "Huincul Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1407897", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gualicho" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Appalachiosaurus", "Dryptosaurus", "Moros", "Nanotyrannus", "Suskityrannus", "Teihivenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gualicho": [ "1407897" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "372448" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "71190", "name": "Guanlong", "displayName": "Guanlong", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2006", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2006", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71190", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Proceratosauridae", "Guanlong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "185194", "71190" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "460113", "name": "Guemesia", "displayName": "Guemesia", "attribution": "Agnolín et al. 2021", "rawAttribution": "Agnolín et al. 2021", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=460113", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Guemesia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "138556", "460113" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=460113", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Guemesia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=460113" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "460113", "genus": "Guemesia", "occurrenceId": "1601923", "collectionId": "226523", "identifiedName": "Guemesia ochoai n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Guemesia ochoai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82146", "collectionReferenceId": "82146", "cc": "AR", "state": "Salta", "county": "", "formation": "Los Blanquitos", "member": "", "geological_group": "Salta", "collection_name": "south part, Amblayo Valley", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the south part of the Amblayo valley, close to Amblayo town" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Guemesia" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauridae", "clade:Brachyrostra", "genus:460113" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54523", "65415", "460113", "54531", "138555", "379317" ], "candidateIds": [ "460113" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "los blanquitos" ], "label": "Los Blanquitos Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1601923", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Guemesia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aucasaurus", "Ekrixinatosaurus", "Ilokelesia", "Skorpiovenator", "Thanos" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Guemesia": [ "1601923" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "460113" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "56666", "name": "Gyposaurus", "displayName": "Gyposaurus", "attribution": "Broom 1911", "rawAttribution": "Broom 1911", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56666", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Bagualosauria", "Plateosauria", "Anchisauria", "Prosauropoda", "Anchisauridae", "Gyposaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "460116", "65098", "68582", "38634", "38635", "56666" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Only use the closer core-sauropodomorph bracket. Ammosaurus, Gyposaurus, Yimenosaurus fit broad plant feeding subject to independent identity review. Actiosaurus requires an inclusion/identity hold.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56666", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Gyposaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56666" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "56666", "genus": "Gyposaurus", "occurrenceId": "474638", "collectionId": "47081", "identifiedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "acceptedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12541", "collectionReferenceId": "12541", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Yaochan, Lutzehsien prosauropod site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "near Yaochan (Yaozhan), Lutzehsien (Lutzexian), 15 km SE of Lufeng" }, { "genusId": "56666", "genus": "Gyposaurus", "occurrenceId": "490786", "collectionId": "49503", "identifiedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "acceptedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12541", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tachung, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Tachun, Dachung, Dachong", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a Hettangian–Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "1 km NE of Shawan" }, { "genusId": "56666", "genus": "Gyposaurus", "occurrenceId": "492822", "collectionId": "49773", "identifiedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "acceptedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12541", "collectionReferenceId": "12541", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huangchiatien, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Dahungtien; Dahuangtian, Huang-chia-tien, Huang Jia Tian", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Collection includes multiple specimens collected in this general area" }, { "genusId": "56666", "genus": "Gyposaurus", "occurrenceId": "492833", "collectionId": "49780", "identifiedName": "Anchisaurus sinensis", "acceptedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13360", "collectionReferenceId": "13360", "cc": "CN", "state": "Guizhou", "county": "", "formation": "Zhenzhuchong", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "North Guizhou, Dafang Basin", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dafang Basin, North Guizhou" }, { "genusId": "56666", "genus": "Gyposaurus", "occurrenceId": "566799", "collectionId": "49776", "identifiedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "acceptedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43938", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Yuanyungching, Ipinglang", "collection_aka": "I-p'ing-lang, Huanyuching, Mahuangching", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "22 km W of Lufeng by the Kunming-Tali section of the Yunnan-Burma Highway, near Mahuangching, between 4.5-5 km N of Ipinglang along brine conduit from Yuanyungching" }, { "genusId": "56666", "genus": "Gyposaurus", "occurrenceId": "621558", "collectionId": "66926", "identifiedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "acceptedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19052", "collectionReferenceId": "19052", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lufeng (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "given only as \"Lufeng\"" }, { "genusId": "56666", "genus": "Gyposaurus", "occurrenceId": "735732", "collectionId": "72091", "identifiedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "acceptedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "43832", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tati, Lufeng (CUP)", "collection_aka": "Ta Ti, Dadi; near Dawa village", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Tati sites supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified aside from Tatisaurus." }, { "genusId": "56666", "genus": "Gyposaurus", "occurrenceId": "735801", "collectionId": "78993", "identifiedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "acceptedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "26534", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hei Koa Peng, Lufeng (CUP, IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Heikoupeng, Heigoupeng", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Sites reported by Simmons supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\", just below the Ta Ti layer.\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Hei Koa Peng/Heikuopeng, near Ta Ti, NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified." }, { "genusId": "56666", "genus": "Gyposaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092073", "collectionId": "49501", "identifiedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Gyposaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14780", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shawan, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Dull Purplish beds of the Lower Lufeng Formation\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a Hettangian–Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "2 li S of Tachung; 3 km N of Lufeng city, near small village of Shawan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Bagualosauria", "Plateosauria", "Anchisauria", "Prosauropoda", "Anchisauridae", "Gyposaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Bagualosauria", "clade:Plateosauria", "clade:Anchisauria", "clade:Prosauropoda", "clade:Anchisauridae", "genus:56666" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56666" ], "candidateIds": [ "56666" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38762", "name": "Hadrosaurus", "displayName": "Hadrosaurus", "attribution": "Leidy 1858", "rawAttribution": "Leidy 1858", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38762", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Brachylophosaurini", "Hadrosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "205434", "38762" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38762", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38762", "genus": "Hadrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "255623", "collectionId": "14455", "identifiedName": "Hadrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hadrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1691", "collectionReferenceId": "1580", "cc": "US", "state": "New Jersey", "county": "Monmouth", "formation": "Marshalltown", "member": "", "geological_group": "Matawan", "collection_name": "Ellisdale Site", "collection_aka": "Crosswicks Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along Crosswicks Creek" }, { "genusId": "38762", "genus": "Hadrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486505", "collectionId": "48725", "identifiedName": "Hadrosaurus foulkii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hadrosaurus foulkii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13003", "collectionReferenceId": "13004", "cc": "US", "state": "New Jersey", "county": "Camden", "formation": "Woodbury", "member": "", "geological_group": "Matawan", "collection_name": "Hopkins farm, Haddonfield", "collection_aka": "Hadrosaurus type; L&W locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farm of John E. Hopkins, marl pit, bed of narrow ravine with brook flowing E into S branch of Cooper's Creek" }, { "genusId": "38762", "genus": "Hadrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "558045", "collectionId": "57915", "identifiedName": "Hadrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hadrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1580", "collectionReferenceId": "40648", "cc": "US", "state": "New Jersey", "county": "Monmouth", "formation": "Navesink", "member": "", "geological_group": "Monmouth", "collection_name": "Big Brook (Navesink)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Boundary Rd. in Marlboro" }, { "genusId": "38762", "genus": "Hadrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "559800", "collectionId": "58157", "identifiedName": "? Hadrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hadrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15647", "collectionReferenceId": "15647", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Milk River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"two hundred feet above the beds of cretaceous no. 5\"", "geogcomments": "near the Milk River, SW Saskatchewan District (now part of Alberta; M. Vavrek pers. comm. to M. Carrano)" }, { "genusId": "38762", "genus": "Hadrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "566968", "collectionId": "59383", "identifiedName": "Hadrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hadrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "38158", "cc": "KZ", "state": "Qostanay", "county": "", "formation": "Zhuravlevskaya", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Priozernyi Quarry, Kushmurun", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper Santonian --lower Campanian or upper Campanian - ?lower Maastrichtian; at the base of gray-colored layer, belonging to the Zhuravlevskaya(?) Formation", "geogcomments": "Priozernyi Quarry (open-cast coal mine), near Lake Kushmurun, Kustanai Region" }, { "genusId": "38762", "genus": "Hadrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "604187", "collectionId": "64338", "identifiedName": "Hadrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hadrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18556", "collectionReferenceId": "18556", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Milk River hadrosaur (PMA)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "locality given only as \"along the Milk River\"" }, { "genusId": "38762", "genus": "Hadrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1180435", "collectionId": "106277", "identifiedName": "? Hadrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hadrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35425", "collectionReferenceId": "35424", "cc": "US", "state": "North Carolina", "county": "Bladen", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Black Creek", "collection_name": "Cape Fear River Mileboard 56", "collection_aka": "Phoebus Landing", "geogscale": "hand sample", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"Phoebus Landing, a locality on the right bank of the Cape Fear River at Mileboard 56, about 10 miles southeast of Elizabethtown, Bladen County, North Carolina.\"" }, { "genusId": "38762", "genus": "Hadrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1239078", "collectionId": "98972", "identifiedName": "? 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Direct date reflects U-Pb CA-ID-IRMS dating of sample CY17-17 (125.457±0.051/0.064/0.27 Ma). Less precise dates from older studies reflect beds at the bottom and top of the formation.", "geogcomments": "Lamagou locality, Xiawujiazi village, Lamadong town, Jianchang County, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Haolong" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:519175" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "519175" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning", "jianchang" ], "label": "Jianchang · Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "2063016", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Haolong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Haolong": [ "2063016" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "519175" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38658", "name": "Haplocanthosaurus", "displayName": "Haplocanthosaurus", "attribution": "Hatcher 1903", "rawAttribution": "Hatcher 1903", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38658", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Haplocanthosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "38658" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38658", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Haplocanthosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38658" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38658", "genus": "Haplocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408085", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Haplocanthus priscus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Haplocanthosaurus priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10485", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "38658", "genus": "Haplocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408086", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Haplocanthosaurus utterbacki n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Haplocanthosaurus priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12960", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "38658", "genus": "Haplocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481951", "collectionId": "48155", "identifiedName": "Haplocanthosaurus delfsi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Haplocanthosaurus delfsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13877", "collectionReferenceId": "63741", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Delfs Quarry, Garden Park (CMNH)", "collection_aka": "Cleveland Museum, Cleveland Garden Park Quarry, CO-5, Oil Creek, Red Canyon", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "cliff next to Oil (= Fourmile) Creek, Red Canyon, Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38658", "genus": "Haplocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "540084", "collectionId": "48837", "identifiedName": "Haplocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Haplocanthosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "53184", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry N, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "Freezeout Mountains, Freezeout Hills", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.), orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38658", "genus": "Haplocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560969", "collectionId": "58509", "identifiedName": "? Haplocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Haplocanthosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "12961", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Fork Powder River Quarry B", "collection_aka": "RFPR", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Red Fork of the Powder River, along SE edge of Big Horn Mtns. On hill above Quarry A" }, { "genusId": "38658", "genus": "Haplocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560975", "collectionId": "58510", "identifiedName": "? Haplocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Haplocanthosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53857", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry (MSM)", "collection_aka": "WY-71", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo; on the sheep ranch of John Arno, NW 1/4, Sec. 36, T48N, R83W, Johnson County, Wyoming, Robinson Canyon Quadrangle 7.5 series" }, { "genusId": "38658", "genus": "Haplocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1248398", "collectionId": "164787", "identifiedName": "Haplocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Haplocanthosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53857", "collectionReferenceId": "53857", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Pitkin", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gordon-Bramson-Brothers Quarry (MWC)", "collection_aka": "Snowmass", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "In the lower Morrison Formation, approximately 24.5 m above the base of the Morrison Formation. Locally, the Morrison is approximately 90 m thick. This stratigraphic level, approximately 27% of the way up into the local Morrison section, is approximately equivalent to the middle Salt Wash Member of the Colorado Plateau", "geogcomments": "The town of Snowmass is approximately 1.6 km north of the quarry, downstream on Snowmass Creek. To the south is the Elk Range." }, { "genusId": "38658", "genus": "Haplocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1598418", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "? Haplocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Haplocanthosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53857", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38658", "genus": "Haplocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1598419", "collectionId": "225925", "identifiedName": "Haplocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Haplocanthosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89860", "collectionReferenceId": "81832", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Williams Slow Eagle Quarry", "collection_aka": "Northwest Pipeline", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ca. 92 m (300 ft) below Carnegie Quarry", "geogcomments": "along Williams Rocky Mountain (= Northwest) Pipeline, on BLM land, < 7 km (4 mi.) W of the Carnegie Quarry, along plunging anticline nose of Split Mountain" }, { "genusId": "38658", "genus": "Haplocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1639685", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Haplocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Haplocanthosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86548", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38658", "genus": "Haplocanthosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1685864", "collectionId": "238775", "identifiedName": "? Haplocanthosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Haplocanthosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90821", "collectionReferenceId": "90821", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Fergus", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "JRDI Quarry 3, Spindletop Dome", "collection_aka": "Judith River Dinosaur Institute", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "28 m above Swift Formation", "geogcomments": "on flanks of Spindletop Dome, near Grass Range; Ranch Buck Creek Section B; NE 1/4, NE 1/4, SW 1/4, Sec 35 T13N, R23E, Tyler, MT; 46°50'32.68\"N, 108°46'14.81\"W" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Haplocanthosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "genus:38658" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53180", "38658" ], "candidateIds": [ "53180", "38658" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "162352", "name": "Haplocheirus", "displayName": "Haplocheirus", "attribution": "Choiniere et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Choiniere et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=162352", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Haplocheirus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "162354", "162352" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Do not assign obligate ant/termite diet from later alvarezsaur anatomy.; Early alvarezsaur/predatory coelurosaur bracket", "references": [ { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] }, { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=162352", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Haplocheirus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=162352" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "162352", "genus": "Haplocheirus", "occurrenceId": "1093827", "collectionId": "137835", "identifiedName": "Haplocheirus sollers n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Haplocheirus sollers", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34573", "collectionReferenceId": "34573", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Shishugou", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wucaiwan area Sino-American expedition - orange mudstone beds", "collection_aka": "Haplocheirus type locality", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper part of the Shishugou Formation, Wucaiwan, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China. Extensive 40Ar/39Ar dating of feldspars from intercalated tuffaceous layers of volcanic tuffs at Wucaiwan constrains the age of the specimen to between 158.7 ± 0.3 and 161.2 ± 0.2 Ma, approximately at the Oxfordian/Callovian boundary (Gradstein et al., 2004; Clark et al., 2006b). Because the holotype is from the upper part of the sediments between these dated tuffs, we consider the age of Zuolong to be Oxfordian.", "geogcomments": "Wucaiwan area, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Haplocheirus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "alvarezsaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Add conventional maniraptoran ancestors; this is chosen game topology, not proof every competing high-level analysis is false.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Alvarezsauria", "clade:Alvarezsauroidea", "genus:162352" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "162352" ], "candidateIds": [ "162352" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "494700", "name": "Harenadraco", "displayName": "Harenadraco", "attribution": "Lee et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Lee et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=494700", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Harenadraco" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "494700" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. 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(2024). Collection location based on nearby locations illustrated in Figure 1 of Lee et al. (2024)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Harenadraco" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "genus:494700" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "494700" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1660097", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Harenadraco" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides", "Daliansaurus", "Gobivenator", "Papiliovenator", "Pectinodon", "Sinusonasus", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Harenadraco": [ "1660097" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "494700" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66669", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Harpymimus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66669" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66669", "genus": "Harpymimus", "occurrenceId": "513561", "collectionId": "52007", "identifiedName": "Harpymimus okladnikovi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Harpymimus okladnikovi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19316", "collectionReferenceId": "33967", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Khuren Dukh", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khuren-Dukh (PIN coll. 3386) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Huren-duh, Hüren-Dukh, Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Khuren Dukh", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "formerly assigned to Shinekhudag = Shinehuduk Fm. Also referred to previously as the Dzun-Bayin or Züünbayan Formation, and the Hühteeg Fm.", "geogcomments": "Khuren Dukh (Xypeh Dyx), NW Dornogov', approx. 30 miles S of Choir (Choyr), Mongolia. 200 km NE of Khamarin Khural" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Deinocheiridae", "Harpymimus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "186989", "name": "Haya", "displayName": "Haya", "attribution": "Makovicky et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Makovicky et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=186989", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Orodrominae", "Haya" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "64386", "267487", "186989" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=186989", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Haya", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=186989" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "186989", "genus": "Haya", "occurrenceId": "920588", "collectionId": "80183", "identifiedName": "Haya griva n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Haya griva", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36364", "collectionReferenceId": "18688", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Javkhlant", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khugenetjavkhlant", "collection_aka": "Khugenetslavkant, Khugenetslavkant", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "described informally as the \"Khugenetslavkant sandstone facies\", overlying the Khar Khutul (= Khar Hötöl) beds; corrected to Late Cretaceous Shine Us Khudag redbeds = Javkhlant Formation. Middle of formation", "geogcomments": "Khugenetjavkhlant (misspelled as Khugenetslavkant, Khugenetslavkant) Shine Us Khudag badlands, 3 sq. km area" }, { "genusId": "186989", "genus": "Haya", "occurrenceId": "1549177", "collectionId": "68517", "identifiedName": "Haya griva", "acceptedName": "Haya griva", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75785", "collectionReferenceId": "19734", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov Aimak", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zos, Ukhaa Tolgod (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Zos Wash", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "stratigraphically below Ukhaa Tolgod\r\n\r\nDashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "adjacent to Ukhaa Tolgod; system of ravines that run into a canyon through the Gilbent Ul" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Orodrominae", "Haya" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Thescelosauridae", "clade:Orodrominae", "genus:186989" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "186989", "172023", "267714" ], "candidateIds": [ "186989", "172023", "267714" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "153895", "name": "Helioceratops", "displayName": "Helioceratops", "attribution": "Jin et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Jin et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153895", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Leptoceratopsidae", "Helioceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "52774", "90273", "153895" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153895", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Helioceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153895" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "153895", "genus": "Helioceratops", "occurrenceId": "775784", "collectionId": "72321", "identifiedName": "Helioceratops brachygnathus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Helioceratops brachygnathus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30705", "collectionReferenceId": "59120", "cc": "CN", "state": "Jilin", "county": "Gongzhiling", "formation": "Quantou", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shanqian, Liufangzi, Gongzhuling quarry", "collection_aka": "Changchun", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Li et al. 2012: U-Pb ages of detrital zircons suggest the youngest deposition ages of the Quantou formation is ~103 Ma. ", "geogcomments": "Shanqian, Luifangzi, man-made quarry NE of Gongzhiling city, SW of Chanchun city, along E margin of Songliao Basin; most fossils from SE part of \"barrow pit\" created during nearby road building." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Leptoceratopsidae", "Helioceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Leptoceratopsidae", "genus:153895" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "candidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38511", "name": "Herrerasaurus", "displayName": "Herrerasaurus", "attribution": "Reig 1963", "rawAttribution": "Reig 1963", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38511", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Herrerasauridae", "Herrerasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38510", "38511" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Quantitative dental models support animal-based feeding.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Herrerasauridae › Herrerasaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": null, "primaryInterpretation": "carnivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38511", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Herrerasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38511" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38511", "genus": "Herrerasaurus", "occurrenceId": "256435", "collectionId": "24877", "identifiedName": "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis", "acceptedName": "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6971", "collectionReferenceId": "6971", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "", "formation": "Ischigualasto", "member": "Cancha de Bochas", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "northeast edge, Cancha de Bochas", "collection_aka": "Eoraptor type, Valle de la Luna", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower third of formation. Collected from the \"Scaphonyx-Exaeretodon-Herrerasaurus\r\nbiozone\" of Martinez et al. (2011: Science 331: 206) which reportedly represents \"a narrow temporal interval from 231.5 to 229 Ma in the latter half of the Carnian stage\". ", "geogcomments": "NE edge, Cancha de Bochas, Valle de la Luna, Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, San Juan Province, Argentina" }, { "genusId": "38511", "genus": "Herrerasaurus", "occurrenceId": "256441", "collectionId": "24878", "identifiedName": "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis", "acceptedName": "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12426", "collectionReferenceId": "6972", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "", "formation": "Ischigualasto", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Arroyo de Agua", "collection_aka": "MCZ field no. 295-58M", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "1 km NW of Arroyo de Agua, San Juan, Argentina" }, { "genusId": "38511", "genus": "Herrerasaurus", "occurrenceId": "474116", "collectionId": "47036", "identifiedName": "Herrerasaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Herrerasaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12507", "collectionReferenceId": "12507", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "", "formation": "Ischigualasto", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Valle Pintado (upper), coprolites", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "three closely stacked beds 74 m above base of formation (Hollocher et al. 2005). This would place them within the \"Scaphonyx-Exaeretodon-Herrerasaurus biozone\" of Martinez et al. (2011: Science 331: 206) which reportedly represents \"a narrow temporal interval from 231.5 to 229 Ma in the latter half of the Carnian stage\". ", "geogcomments": "Valle Pintado, Ischigualasto-Via Union Basin, within Ischigualasto Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "38511", "genus": "Herrerasaurus", "occurrenceId": "518725", "collectionId": "52740", "identifiedName": "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis", "acceptedName": "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11823", "collectionReferenceId": "11823", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "Valle Fertíl", "formation": "Ischigualasto", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "3 km east-southeast of Aguada de la Peña", "collection_aka": "PVL 2558, Ischigualasto", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower beds of formation", "geogcomments": "3 km ESE of Aguada de la Peña, Ischigualasto Valley" }, { "genusId": "38511", "genus": "Herrerasaurus", "occurrenceId": "518726", "collectionId": "52741", "identifiedName": "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11823", "collectionReferenceId": "11823", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "Valle Fertíl", "formation": "Ischigualasto", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Valle Pintado", "collection_aka": "Herrerasaurus type, Ischigualasto, Aguada de la Peña", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower beds of formation", "geogcomments": "Valle Pintado, a few km ESE of Aguada de la Peña, Ischigualasto Valley" }, { "genusId": "38511", "genus": "Herrerasaurus", "occurrenceId": "518727", "collectionId": "52742", "identifiedName": "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis", "acceptedName": "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11823", "collectionReferenceId": "11823", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "Valle Fertíl", "formation": "Ischigualasto", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Arroyo de la Pintada", "collection_aka": "Aguada de la Peña, Ischigualasto, PVL 2045", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "middle beds of formation", "geogcomments": "6 km WNW of Aguada de la Peña, 200 m right of dry river bed of Arroyo de la Pintada, Ischigualasto Valley" }, { "genusId": "38511", "genus": "Herrerasaurus", "occurrenceId": "518731", "collectionId": "52744", "identifiedName": "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis", "acceptedName": "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11823", "collectionReferenceId": "11823", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "Valle Fertíl", "formation": "Ischigualasto", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ischigualasto Valley (MLP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle beds of formation", "geogcomments": "Ischigualasto Valley" }, { "genusId": "38511", "genus": "Herrerasaurus", "occurrenceId": 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Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68158", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Hesperosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68158" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68158", "genus": "Hesperosaurus", "occurrenceId": "467545", "collectionId": "46465", "identifiedName": "Hesperosaurus mjosi", "acceptedName": "Hesperosaurus mjosi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29301", "collectionReferenceId": "12389", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Howe-Stephens Quarry", "collection_aka": "Sauriermuseum, HSQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower or middle part of formation (below \"clay change\"), 10 m above Howe Q", "geogcomments": "450 m SW of original Howe Q, on Howe Ranch" }, { "genusId": "68158", "genus": "Hesperosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491257", "collectionId": "38884", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus mjosi", "acceptedName": "Hesperosaurus mjosi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74175", "collectionReferenceId": "10503", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Meilyn Quarry, Flat Top Anticline", "collection_aka": "WY-83", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in the Morrison Fm.", "geogcomments": "Meilyn Quarry, 1.5 mi. 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M-048", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ca. 15 m above Swift Fm. and ca. 40 m below Kootenai Fm. 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On the 5E ranch owned by the Hein family." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Neostegosauria", "Stegosaurinae", "Hesperosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Stegosauridae", "clade:Neostegosauria", "clade:Stegosaurinae", "genus:68158" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68158", "38814" ], "candidateIds": [ "68158", "38814" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] } ], "confidence": "varies", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38725", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Heterodontosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38725" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38725", "genus": "Heterodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "566780", "collectionId": "59339", "identifiedName": "Heterodontosaurus tucki n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Heterodontosaurus tucki", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16997", "collectionReferenceId": "16997", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Herschel", "formation": "Clarens", "member": "", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Tyindini (zone B/1)", "collection_aka": "Heterodontosaurus type, Tyinindini, British-S Africa Expedition", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"transitional beds of the Cave Sandstone, below the basal\"; originally considered \"probably of Upper Keuper age\"", "geogcomments": "on the mountain behind the Tyindini (Tyinindini) trading store, Herschel district, Blikana map" }, { "genusId": "38725", "genus": "Heterodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "790006", "collectionId": "85486", "identifiedName": "Heterodontosaurus tucki", "acceptedName": "Heterodontosaurus tucki", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "13194", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Herschel", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Krommespruit, Voisana", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Upper Elliot Fm. dated as Hettangian by McPhee et al. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71336", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Hexinlusaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71336" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "71336", "genus": "Hexinlusaurus", "occurrenceId": "402859", "collectionId": "24883", "identifiedName": "Yandusaurus multidens n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hexinlusaurus multidens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6970", "collectionReferenceId": "6976", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry [lower]", "collection_aka": "Dashanpu Town", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating from this formation (but not this locality), Wang et al. (2018) suggested an Oxfordian age for the lower beds, rather than Middle Jurassic, with 159 ± 2 Ma as the maximum depositional age. However, from a section near the Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry, Ren et al. (2022) documented the youngest age for the zircon sample as 166.0 ± 1.59 Ma, and weighed average ages of the youngest subpopulation under the constraints of 1σ and 2σ are 170.9 ± 0.64 Ma and 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma, with a maximum confidence age of 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma selected as the final result.", "geogcomments": "Dashanpu quarry, 10 km NE of Zigong, Sichuan, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Hexinlusaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "genus:71336" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "474946", "519526", "424322", "53226", "52891" ], "candidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "53226", "52891" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "shaximiao" ], "label": "Shaximiao Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "402859", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Agilisaurus", "Hexinlusaurus", "Xiaosaurus", "Yandusaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Minimocursor", "Pulaosaurus", "Sanxiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Agilisaurus": [ "402860" ], "Hexinlusaurus": [ "402859" ], "Xiaosaurus": [ "402865" ], "Yandusaurus": [ "545083", "1404246" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57222", "71336", "53226", "52891" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68047", "name": "Heyuannia", "displayName": "Heyuannia", "attribution": "Lü 2003", "rawAttribution": "Lü 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68047", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Oviraptoridae", "Heyuanninae", "Heyuannia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "38557", "427203", "68047" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. 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The paper recovers Sinosauropterygidae and different hunting strategies.", "webRefs": [ "turn639view1", "turn652search1", "turn673search42" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "genus-direct", "qualifier": "Evidence supports", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519760", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Huadanosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519760" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "519760", "genus": "Huadanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2063632", "collectionId": "278643", "identifiedName": "Huadanosaurus sinensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Huadanosaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94666", "collectionReferenceId": "94666", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Lingyuan", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Dawangzhangzi", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Dawangzhangzi", "collection_aka": "Huadanosaurus sinensis type locality", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Copied from another locality" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Sinosauropterygidae", "Huadanosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "519760", "rationale": "2025 original Jehol theropod analysis supports these regional compsognathid-like genera in Sinosauropterygidae; Compsognathus remains outside.", "references": [ { "id": "qiu2025", "title": "Two new compsognathid-like theropods show diversified predation strategies in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11970238/", "doi": "10.1093/nsr/nwaf068", "year": 2025, "access": "Full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Jehol compsognathid-like theropods recovered as Sinosauropterygidae, while Compsognathus not included." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Sinosauropterygidae", "genus:519760" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "candidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "333388", "name": "Hualianceratops", "displayName": "Hualianceratops", "attribution": "Han et al. 2015", "rawAttribution": "Han et al. 2015", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=333388", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Chaoyangsauridae", "Hualianceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "66631", "333388" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=333388", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Hualianceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=333388" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "333388", "genus": "Hualianceratops", "occurrenceId": "1307887", "collectionId": "175359", "identifiedName": "Hualianceratops wucaiwanensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hualianceratops wucaiwanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "57331", "collectionReferenceId": "57331", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Shishugou", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wucaiwan ceratopsian 2 (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Hualianceratops type site", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation, \"in the same part of the Shishugou Formation as Yinlong, between “big white” and tuff 4\"", "geogcomments": "Wucaiwan area, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Chaoyangsauridae", "Hualianceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Chaoyangsauridae", "genus:333388" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55579", "333388", "153948", "90117" ], "candidateIds": [ "55579", "333388", "153948", "90117" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "461658", "name": "Huallasaurus", "displayName": "Huallasaurus", "attribution": "Rozadilla et al. 2021", "rawAttribution": "Rozadilla et al. 2021", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=461658", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Kritosaurini", "Huallasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "267712", "461658" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=461658", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Huallasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=461658" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "461658", "genus": "Huallasaurus", "occurrenceId": "457538", "collectionId": "45087", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus australis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Huallasaurus australis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13926", "collectionReferenceId": "13925", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Los Alamitos", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Los Alamitos vertebrates, middle section", "collection_aka": "Cerro Cuadrado, Arroyo Verde", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Middle section of formation includes vertebrate fossils distributed over about 30 meters of section.\r\nMammals: Middle section of Los Alamitos Formation - green-coloured bed just below the concretionary top of the Cerrito del Mamifero, Alamitian provincial age (Campanian sensu lato).", "geogcomments": "SW slope of Cerro Cuadrado, Estancia Los Alamitos, near Arroyo Verde, SE Río Negro province, Cona Niyeu.\r\nE. Vlachos note: this collection record actually refers to different collection points across the stratigraphic section of the stratotype of the Los Alamitos Formation in Cerro Cuadrado, published in Andreis 1987, fig. 2. We also have unpublished maps of the different collection points during the different campaigns between 1982 - 1987. We will add the different collection points separately and then we will try to add there the corresponding occurrences." }, { "genusId": "461658", "genus": "Huallasaurus", "occurrenceId": "457542", "collectionId": "45088", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus australis", "acceptedName": "Huallasaurus australis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11732", "collectionReferenceId": "11733", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Los Alamitos", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Los Alamitos vertebrates, hadrosaur layer", "collection_aka": "Huallasaurus australis type locality", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Lower section of formation includes two layers with fossils, about 7 meters apart, in lower third of section", "geogcomments": "SW slope of Cerro Cuadrado, Estancia Los Alamitos, near Arroyo Verde, SE Río Negro province, Argentina" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Huallasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "hadrosaur-saurolophine-working-model", "rationale": "Reconcile imported traditional crestless-hadrosaur branches with the chosen basal-Hadrosaurus topology; preserve all finer descendants and apply the Hadrosaurus genus override last. This is a topology choice, not a synonym assertion.", "references": [ { "id": "addendum-madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary article indexed full-text extracts of the Hadrosaurinae, Saurolophinae and Brachylophosaurini entries; direct PMC open CAPTCHA and PeerJ open 403.", "finding": "Hadrosaurinae has Hadrosaurus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=514503", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Huashanosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=514503" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "514503", "genus": "Huashanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1709039", "collectionId": "242278", "identifiedName": "Huashanosaurus qini n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Huashanosaurus qini", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93029", "collectionReferenceId": "93029", "cc": "CN", "state": "Guangxi", "county": "Ningming", "formation": "Wangmen", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huqiu Quarry, Dongshi, Ningming", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Huqiu Quarry near Dongshi Village, Beijiang Town, Ningming County, Guangxi; Shiwandashan Basin" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Huashanosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "genus:514503" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "52769", "67549", "514503", "519530", "270395", "38660" ], "candidateIds": [ "514503" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "wangmen" ], "label": "Wangmen Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1709039", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Huashanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Datousaurus", "Ferganasaurus", "Jinchuanloong", "Nebulasaurus", "Shunosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Huashanosaurus": [ "1709039" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "514503" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68220", "name": "Huaxiagnathus", "displayName": "Huaxiagnathus", "attribution": "Hwang et al. 2004", "rawAttribution": "Hwang et al. 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68220", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Compsognathidae", "Huaxiagnathus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "38537", "68220" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. 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Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68220", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Huaxiagnathus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68220" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68220", "genus": "Huaxiagnathus", "occurrenceId": "535892", "collectionId": "55425", "identifiedName": "Huaxiagnathus orientalis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Huaxiagnathus orientalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14896", "collectionReferenceId": "14896", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Dabangou village, Sihetun", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dabangou village, Sihetun Area, near Beipiao City" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Sinosauropterygidae", "Huaxiagnathus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "compsognathid-grades", "rationale": "Avoid insisting on a traditional compsognathid clade when 2024/2025 character analyses dispute it; use broad Coelurosauria until precise original taxon reviews.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "qiu2025", "title": "Two new compsognathid-like theropods show diversified predation strategies in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11970238/", "doi": "10.1093/nsr/nwaf068", "year": 2025, "access": "Full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Jehol compsognathid-like theropods recovered as Sinosauropterygidae, while Compsognathus not included." } ] }, { "id": "68220", "rationale": "2025 original Jehol theropod analysis supports these regional compsognathid-like genera in Sinosauropterygidae; Compsognathus remains outside.", "references": [ { "id": "qiu2025", "title": "Two new compsognathid-like theropods show diversified predation strategies in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11970238/", "doi": "10.1093/nsr/nwaf068", "year": 2025, "access": "Full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Jehol compsognathid-like theropods recovered as Sinosauropterygidae, while Compsognathus not included." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Sinosauropterygidae", "genus:68220" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "candidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "500588", "name": "Huaxiazhoulong", "displayName": "Huaxiazhoulong", "attribution": "Zhu et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Zhu et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=500588", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Huaxiazhoulong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "500588" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=500588", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Huaxiazhoulong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=500588" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "500588", "genus": "Huaxiazhoulong", "occurrenceId": "1671594", "collectionId": "237063", "identifiedName": "Huaxiazhoulong shouwen n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Huaxiazhoulong shouwen", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89836", "collectionReferenceId": "89836", "cc": "CN", "state": "Jiangxi", "county": "Fuzhou", "formation": "Tangbian", "member": "", "geological_group": "Guifeng", "collection_name": "Longxi village", "collection_aka": "Huaxiazhoulong type locality", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "This set of strata is classified locally as Tangbian Formation, which belongs to Guifeng Group (Liu 1997; Xie 2001; Wu et al. 2002; Xi et al. 2021; Zeng et al. 2023).", "geogcomments": "The specimen was collected from Longxi village (E116.4°, N26.9°), Ganzhu town in Guangchang county, Fuzhou Municipality, Jiangxi Province, southern China." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Huaxiazhoulong" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "genus:500588" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57228", "302920", "484516", "84234", "500588", "68244", "52794" ], "candidateIds": [ "500588" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "tangbian" ], "label": "Tangbian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1671594", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Huaxiazhoulong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bissektipelta", "Chuanqilong", "Datai", "Gobisaurus", "Liaoningosaurus", "Shamosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Huaxiazhoulong": [ "1671594" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "500588" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38810", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Huayangosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38810" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38810", "genus": "Huayangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "402861", "collectionId": "24883", "identifiedName": "Huayangosaurus taibaii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Huayangosaurus taibaii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6976", "collectionReferenceId": "6976", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry [lower]", "collection_aka": "Dashanpu Town", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating from this formation (but not this locality), Wang et al. (2018) suggested an Oxfordian age for the lower beds, rather than Middle Jurassic, with 159 ± 2 Ma as the maximum depositional age. However, from a section near the Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry, Ren et al. (2022) documented the youngest age for the zircon sample as 166.0 ± 1.59 Ma, and weighed average ages of the youngest subpopulation under the constraints of 1σ and 2σ are 170.9 ± 0.64 Ma and 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma, with a maximum confidence age of 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma selected as the final result.", "geogcomments": "Dashanpu quarry, 10 km NE of Zigong, Sichuan, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Huayangosauridae", "Huayangosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Huayangosauridae", "genus:38810" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "candidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "515784", "name": "Huayracursor", "displayName": "Huayracursor", "attribution": "Hechenleitner et al. 2025", "rawAttribution": "Hechenleitner et al. 2025", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=515784", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Huayracursor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "515784" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Provisional plant-dominated inference from advanced early sauropodomorph context; original paper abstract is not a direct diet study.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Huayracursor; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Use a nearer core/late-diverging sauropodomorph bracket, never Sauropodomorpha alone.", "references": [ { "id": "D2", "title": "Skull remains of the dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil): With comments on the early evolution of sauropodomorph feeding behaviour", "authors": "Bronzati, Müller and Langer", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; cranial description and feeding discussion read", "dietSupport": "Saturnalia retained predatory capability. Early sauropodomorph diets varied; Bagualosaurus shows an earlier shift towards greater plant consumption. Provides craniodental comparisons of multiple later plant-adapted genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn459view0", "turn465view3" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "D12", "title": "A long-necked early dinosaur from a newly discovered Upper Triassic basin in the Andes", "authors": "Hechenleitner et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41586-025-09634-3", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09634-3", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Huayracursor early sauropodomorph morphology and placement; used as a placement source, not a direct diet study.", "webRefs": [ "turn462search6", "turn533search12" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely plant-based; possible mixed feeding", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=515784", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Huayracursor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=515784" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "515784", "genus": "Huayracursor", "occurrenceId": "2039447", "collectionId": "275577", "identifiedName": "Huayracursor jaguensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Huayracursor jaguensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93251", "collectionReferenceId": "93251", "cc": "AR", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "Departamento Vinchina", "formation": "Santo Domingo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quebrada de Santo Domingo fauna", "collection_aka": "Huayracursor jaguensis type locality", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "The presence of a tetrapod assemblage comparable to the Hyperodapedon–Exaeretodon–Herrerasaurus biozone in the basal lower section, along with a 40Ar/39Ar age of 212.5 ± 7.0 Ma from the upper basalt flows, constrains deposition of the Santo Domingo Formation to the late Carnian–Norian interval.\nfrom the Sandstone level, 80 m above the base of the Santo Domingo Formation - all specimens from within the bottom 100 m of the formation", "geogcomments": "Northern Precordillera Basin, Quebrada Santo Domingo (GPS upon request), La Rioja, Argentina - collection includes multiple localities, none specified in the text." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Huayracursor" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "genus:515784" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519773", "57453", "515784" ], "candidateIds": [ "519773", "57453", "515784" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "58889", "name": "Hudiesaurus", "displayName": "Hudiesaurus", "attribution": "Dong 1997", "rawAttribution": "Dong 1997", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58889", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Hudiesaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "53026", "58889" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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(2021), Re-assessment of Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum and evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2021.1994414", "access": "publisher indexed primary text; full direct page blocked" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "58889", "genus": "Hudiesaurus", "occurrenceId": "458375", "collectionId": "45172", "identifiedName": "Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11762", "collectionReferenceId": "11762", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "Shanshan", "formation": "Kalazha", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Qiketai, Turpan (Hudiesaurus type locality)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower part of the Kalazha Formation (Upper Jurassic: upper Kimmeridgian–Tithonian)\r\n\r\n(also referred to as the Karaza, Kalaza, or Hongshan Formation)", "geogcomments": "Langgou, Qiketia area, Shanshan County, Xinjiang; Turpan Basin", "basin": "Turpan", "basinReviewSource": "Frozen collection45172 geogcomments explicitly names Turpan Basin; sources-c.json Hudiesaurus positive footprint / hudies2021." }, { "genusId": "58889", "genus": "Hudiesaurus", "cc": "CN", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-17", "formation": "Kalazha", "state": "Xinjiang", "geographyReviewId": "mamenchi-geography-17-hudiesaurus", "basin": "Turpan", "basinReviewSource": "sources-c.json Hudiesaurus positive footprint / hudies2021. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "243278", "name": "Huehuecanauhtlus", "displayName": "Huehuecanauhtlus", "attribution": "Ramírez-Velasco et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Ramírez-Velasco et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243278", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Huehuecanauhtlus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "243278" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66855", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Hungarosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66855" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Ősi (2005), Hungarosaurus tormai, a new ankylosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282005%29025%5B0370%3AHTANAD%5D2.0.CO%3B2", "access": "publisher abstract / indexed primary article text" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66855", "genus": "Hungarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486494", "collectionId": "48722", "identifiedName": "Hungarosaurus tormai n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hungarosaurus tormai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14093", "collectionReferenceId": "15353", "cc": "HU", "state": "Veszprém", "county": "", "formation": "Csehbánya", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Iharkút mine, Bakony mountains (Unit 1)", "collection_aka": "Németbánya, Iharkut, SZ-6", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two bone-bearing beds within section, approx. 0.5 m apart", "geogcomments": "NE side of an open-pit bauxite mine, Iharkút,Veszprém County, Bakony Mtns., Transdanubian Range, western Hungary. An open-pit bauxite mine in the location of the former village of Iharkút in the Bakony Mountains, Veszprém county, western Hungary (Rabi et al. 2012). Note that not all of the fossils are from the same spot in the mine, but all are from the same stratigraphic level. Includes all the Unit 1 sites, e.g. SZ-6 (S part of the open pit)." }, { "genusId": "66855", "genus": "Hungarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1190470", "collectionId": "48722", "identifiedName": "Hungarosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hungarosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49732", "collectionReferenceId": "15353", "cc": "HU", "state": "Veszprém", "county": "", "formation": "Csehbánya", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Iharkút mine, Bakony mountains (Unit 1)", "collection_aka": "Németbánya, Iharkut, SZ-6", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two bone-bearing beds within section, approx. 0.5 m apart", "geogcomments": "NE side of an open-pit bauxite mine, Iharkút,Veszprém County, Bakony Mtns., Transdanubian Range, western Hungary. An open-pit bauxite mine in the location of the former village of Iharkút in the Bakony Mountains, Veszprém county, western Hungary (Rabi et al. 2012). Note that not all of the fossils are from the same spot in the mine, but all are from the same stratigraphic level. Includes all the Unit 1 sites, e.g. SZ-6 (S part of the open pit)." }, { "genusId": "66855", "genus": "Hungarosaurus", "cc": "HU", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "nodosauridae-10", "formation": "Csehbánya" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Hungarosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:66855" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "candidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38822", "name": "Hylaeosaurus", "displayName": "Hylaeosaurus", "attribution": "Mantell 1833", "rawAttribution": "Mantell 1833", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38822", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Hylaeosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "38822" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38822", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Hylaeosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38822" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38822", "genus": "Hylaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "280573", "collectionId": "26781", "identifiedName": "Hylaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hylaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17480", "collectionReferenceId": "7407", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Brixton Bay, west of Cowleaze Chine (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "Brighstone", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Brixton (now Brighstone) Bay, west of Cowleaze Chine, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "38822", "genus": "Hylaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463412", "collectionId": "45760", "identifiedName": "Hylaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hylaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46127", "collectionReferenceId": "12119", "cc": "DE", "state": "Nordrhein-Westfalen", "county": "", "formation": "Bückeberg", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gerdemann clay pit, Gronau", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Early Cretaceous, latest Berriasian, upper Osterwald Succession, Bückeberg Formation aka \"Wealden 6\"\r\n\r\nAlthough \"Berriasian (\"Wealden\") and middle Valanginian\" shales were quarried, the reported specimen ages in Hampe (2013) are middle-late Berriasian", "geogcomments": "Gerdemann clay-pit, NW city of Gronau, Westphalia; R25 = 68740, H57 = 88080 on geological map Nordrhein-Westfalen\r\n\"Gerdemann & Co's brickyard list 1 km west from Gronau in Westphalia. The large, about 30 m deep outcrop, contains argillaceous slate of the Upper Wealden and the Valanginian. For a long time the brickwork outcrop has been known as a source of fossil vertebrates. Hosius mentions Gronau in the above-mentioned work as the source of an Iguanodon clavicula. The fossil is in the Münster Museum and is the distal part of the humerus or femur of a plesiosauroid of considerable size...\" (Wegenr 1914, from a translation)." }, { "genusId": "38822", "genus": "Hylaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "516336", "collectionId": "52256", "identifiedName": "Hylaeosaurus oweni", "acceptedName": "Hylaeosaurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "17381", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Bolney (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bolney, Sussex" }, { "genusId": "38822", "genus": "Hylaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "516338", "collectionId": "52258", "identifiedName": "Hylaeosaurus oweni n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hylaeosaurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "63769", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "Grinstead Clay", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Tilgate Forest, Cuckfield", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation. Bed is the \"Tilgate Grit.\"", "geogcomments": "Tilgate Forest area, near Cuckfield, West Sussex; TQ 2735" }, { "genusId": "38822", "genus": "Hylaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "623388", "collectionId": "55335", "identifiedName": "Hylaeosaurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Hylaeosaurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52651", "collectionReferenceId": "92934", "cc": "FR", "state": "Champagne-Ardenne", "county": "Ardennes", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Grandpré, Ardennes", "collection_aka": "Huene 89, Sauvage", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Gault\"-age, level with Ammonites milletianus and A. mammillaris. Phosphatic nodules at the base of the Gault.", "geogcomments": "Grandpré, in the Ardennes Forest, NE France" }, { "genusId": "38822", "genus": "Hylaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "751818", "collectionId": "80516", "identifiedName": "Hylaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hylaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31381", "collectionReferenceId": "31381", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Ashdown", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Ridgeway Hill, railway cutting", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from \"at the base of the series.\" 'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation, so this is probably Ashdown Fm.", "geogcomments": "Ridgeway Hill, railway cutting near S entrance to (S side of) Ridgeway tunnel, near Weymouth" }, { "genusId": "38822", "genus": "Hylaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "871943", "collectionId": "96621", "identifiedName": "Hylaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hylaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32811", "collectionReferenceId": "11766", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Pevensey Pit, Ashdown Brickworks (Conglomerate Bed)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"exposes a sequence of the Lower Tunbridge Wells Sands\" Hastings beds; three closely related layers within a ca. 40 cm sequence. Also described as \"mid-way within the Wadhurst Clay Formation\"", "geogcomments": "\"situated adjacent to Turkey Road, northwest of Bexhill, East Sussex at TQ 720 095\"" }, { "genusId": "38822", "genus": "Hylaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1273404", "collectionId": "52258", "identifiedName": "Hylaeosaurus oweni", "acceptedName": "Hylaeosaurus armatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "63769", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "Grinstead Clay", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Tilgate Forest, Cuckfield", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation. Bed is the \"Tilgate Grit.\"", "geogcomments": "Tilgate Forest area, near Cuckfield, West Sussex; TQ 2735" }, { "genusId": "38822", "genus": "Hylaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1384013", "collectionId": "52297", "identifiedName": "Hylaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hylaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63762", "collectionReferenceId": "62785", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Stammerham Quarry, Horsham", "collection_aka": "Griggs Farm, Tower Hill", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation.", "geogcomments": "Stammerham Quarry, Griggs Farm, Tower Hill, SW of Horsham, West Sussex; TQ 158 291" }, { "genusId": "38822", "genus": "Hylaeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1574248", "collectionId": "222518", "identifiedName": "Hylaeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hylaeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31500", "collectionReferenceId": "14071", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "Grinstead Clay", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hakesbourne Pit, Rusper", "collection_aka": "Hawksbourne", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hakesbourne Pit (= Hawksbourne), Rusper, 4 mi. NE of Horsham" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Hylaeosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:38822" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "candidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "56405", "name": "Hypacrosaurus", "displayName": "Hypacrosaurus", "attribution": "Brown 1913", "rawAttribution": "Brown 1913", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56405", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Corythosaurini", "Hypacrosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53394", "104783", "56405" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56405", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Hypacrosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56405" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220097", "collectionId": "22689", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus cf. stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17718", "collectionReferenceId": "14615", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jack's Birthday Site, MOR TM-068 (bone layer)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1564", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: frm bentonites radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min\r\n\r\nForeman et al. 2008: 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic age data reported for the Two Medicine Formation (Rogers et al., 1993; present study) are consistent with the unit accumulating during most of the Campanian Stage (83.5–70.6 Ma, Gradstein et al., 2004), with deposition definitively commencing prior to 80 Ma and terminating shortly after 74 Ma. ", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "229313", "collectionId": "22690", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "5724", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Lambeosite, MOR TM-019", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1565, Landslide Butte", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min; upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "Landslide Butte field area" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463094", "collectionId": "45677", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12052", "collectionReferenceId": "12052", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "5 miles north of Tolman Ferry (115 ft level) [AMNH/GSC]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Edmonton Formation\" now a group; modern formational equivalent for bed not known", "geogcomments": "Sec. 12, T34, R22, W 4th meridian, 5 miles N of Tolman Ferry, E side of Red Deer River, Alberta; 115 feet above river." }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463095", "collectionId": "45678", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12052", "collectionReferenceId": "12052", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "3 miles below Tolman Ferry (175 ft level) [NMC]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Edmonton Formation\" now a group; modern formational equivalent for this bed not known", "geogcomments": "Sec. 3, T33, R21, W 4th meridian, 3 miles below Tolman Ferry, left-hand side of Red Deer River, Alberta. From 175 feet above river." }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488440", "collectionId": "49079", "identifiedName": "Cheneosaurus tolmanensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17548", "collectionReferenceId": "17548", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "5 miles above Tolman Ferry, (150 ft level) [GSC]", "collection_aka": "Cheneosaurus type, NMC, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "above sandstone", "geogcomments": "sec 11, T34, R22, W 4th meridian; W side of Red Deer River, about 5 miles above Tolman Ferry, 150 ft above river level. Site is about 27 mi above the mouth of Three Hills Creek, and 8 mi W and somewhat N of Rumsey on the line of the Canadian Northern Railway" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489299", "collectionId": "49233", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54993", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "5 miles northwest of Scollard [NMC]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "5 miles NW of Scollard, SW 1/4, sec 33, T34N, R21W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520494", "collectionId": "53042", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Egg Baby Butte, MOR TM-035", "collection_aka": "Landslide Butte", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Specimens found in the uppermost 100 of the 650-m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "near Landslide Butte" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520495", "collectionId": "53043", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Egg Baby West, MOR TM-036", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Specimens found in the uppermost 100 of the 650-m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520496", "collectionId": "53044", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Baby Slide, MOR TM-037", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Specimens found in the uppermost 100 of the 650-m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520497", "collectionId": "53045", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Egg Explosion Hill, MOR TM-038", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Specimens found in the uppermost 100 of the 650-m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520498", "collectionId": "53046", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "North Dome, MOR TM-039", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Specimens found in the uppermost 100 of the 650-m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520499", "collectionId": "53047", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Egg Baby North, MOR TM-051", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Specimens found in the uppermost 100 of the 650-m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520500", "collectionId": "53048", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Blacktail Creek, MOR TM-066", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520501", "collectionId": "53049", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Little Diablo's Hill, Devil's Coulee", "collection_aka": "Diabloes Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "At Devil's Coulee, near Warner, Alberta." }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520502", "collectionId": "53050", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "North Baby Butte, Devil's Coulee", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "At Devil's Coulee, near Warner, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520503", "collectionId": "53051", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Kiddie's Corner, Devil's Coulee", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "At Devil's Coulee, near Warner Alberta" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520504", "collectionId": "53052", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Badger Creek, MOR TM-065/065S", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m formation; about 80 m below the contact with the Bearpaw.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "528465", "collectionId": "53996", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12559", "collectionReferenceId": "14583", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Pondera", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "0.5 miles north of Two Medicine River (USNM)", "collection_aka": "1928 Smithsonian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "described as \"north side of the Two Medicine River, Blackfeet Indian Reservation, Teton County\", but this river does not enter Teton Co. Part of Teton Co. was carved off to make Pondera Co. in 1919; I am assuming that Gilmore either mis-wrote or did not know of the change, and estimated a site on the N side of the river in Pondera Co. Lull & Wright list the locality as 0.5 mi N of the Two Medicine River." }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "578257", "collectionId": "60875", "identifiedName": "Cheneosaurus tolmanensis", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17548", "collectionReferenceId": "62881", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Big Valley Creek, GSC [NMC]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farther upstream from NMC 2246, about 1 mi NW of the mouth of Big Valley Creek, on the W side of the Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "584125", "collectionId": "59373", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17718", "collectionReferenceId": "92794", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR TM-013, Landslide Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec. 27, T37N, R8W" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "604782", "collectionId": "64432", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9647", "collectionReferenceId": "9647", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "4 miles above Tolman Ferry (50 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Hypacrosaurus type, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "500? ft below top of \"formation\", probably just above base of unit 4, above Drumheller Marine Tongue.", "geogcomments": "4 miles (6 km) above (north of) Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, Alberta; 50 ft above river; ca. 15 km E of Trochu, E side of river.\r\nRelocated by L. S. Russell and given as LSD 8, sec. 2, T34, R22, W 4th meridian." }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "604783", "collectionId": "64433", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9647", "collectionReferenceId": "9647", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "2 miles above Tolman Ferry (50 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "500 ft? below top of \"formation\"", "geogcomments": "Red Deer River, 2 mi above Tolman Ferry, 50 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "604784", "collectionId": "64434", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9647", "collectionReferenceId": "9647", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "0.25 miles above Tolman Ferry (20 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "500 ft? below top of \"formation\"", "geogcomments": "Red Deer River, 0.25 mi above Tolman Ferry, 20 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "604789", "collectionId": "64436", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9647", "collectionReferenceId": "9647", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "16 miles below Tolman Ferry (70 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "16 mi below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, 70 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647943", "collectionId": "70051", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47300", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "South Milk River (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Landslide Butte", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Glacier County, 30 mi W of Sweet Grass, South Milk River, approx. location of Landslide Butte" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "796110", "collectionId": "55363", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43426", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Albertosaurus Bonebed, Dry Island Buffalo Jump", "collection_aka": "Albertosaurus Quarry, Big Valley Creek, ABB, RTMP L2204", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from transition between Units 4 and 5, HCF \"B\", should be top of Tolman Mb.", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection # 52468, near Dry Island, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1081354", "collectionId": "135739", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43426", "collectionReferenceId": "43426", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Morrin/Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "TMP NL-4", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from Drumheller Marine Tongue, Unit 2\r\n\r\nDrumheller Marine Tongue section spans Morrin/Tolman contact zone and has been dated to 70.896+/0.048Ma. For revised age stratigraphy of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, see Eberth and Braman 2012 and Eberth et al. 2020", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection #52468, near Dry Island, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1081373", "collectionId": "135740", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43426", "collectionReferenceId": "43426", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "TMP NL-3", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from Unit 3", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection #52468, near Dry Island, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1081392", "collectionId": "135741", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43426", "collectionReferenceId": "43426", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "TMP NL-1", "collection_aka": "HSC—Nick Longrich Site #1; RTMP L2385", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from Unit 4", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection #52468, near Dry Island, Alberta; Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, 19 km northwest of Trochu (and 9 mi N of type locality for Parksosaurus)" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1081412", "collectionId": "135743", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43426", "collectionReferenceId": "43426", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "TMP JD-1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from Unit 3", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection #52468, near Dry Island, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1124575", "collectionId": "142498", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Milk River (USNM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Milk River, Blackfeet Indian Reservation, formery Teton Co." }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1171646", "collectionId": "11899", "identifiedName": "? Hypacrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18609", "collectionReferenceId": "54104", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Morrin", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "2 miles below Tolman Ferry (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation (\"Edmonton B\"); 350 feet below top", "geogcomments": "section 12?, township 33, range 22, W 4th meridian; 150 feet above east bank of Red Deer River, 2 miles below Tolman Ferry" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1561174", "collectionId": "220335", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus stebingeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76965", "collectionReferenceId": "76965", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Blacktail Creek, southwest of Cutbank", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "found near Blacktail Creek, southwest of Cutbank" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2048055", "collectionId": "276656", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "east side, Red Deer River, above Tolman Ferry [ROM]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River, Rumsey Ferry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "east side, Red Deer River, above Tolman Ferry (Rumsey Ferry)" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2048059", "collectionId": "191367", "identifiedName": "? Hypacrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54034", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "5 miles below Tolman Ferry (50 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "about 5 mi below Tolman Bridge, 50 ft. above river" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2048062", "collectionId": "64433", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54034", "collectionReferenceId": "9647", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "2 miles above Tolman Ferry (50 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "500 ft? below top of \"formation\"", "geogcomments": "Red Deer River, 2 mi above Tolman Ferry, 50 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "56405", "genus": "Hypacrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2048268", "collectionId": "52475", "identifiedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "acceptedName": "Hypacrosaurus altispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "13165", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "150 ft above R bank, Little Sandhill Creek (Sand Creek), Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Lambeosaurini", "Hypacrosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "lambeosaurin-name-normalization", "rationale": "Corythosaurini and Lambeosaurini represent approximate synonyms, not two independently separated tribes; standardize to registered Lambeosaurini.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Lambeosaurinae", "clade:Lambeosaurini", "genus:56405" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "candidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "497493", "name": "Hypnovenator", "displayName": "Hypnovenator", "attribution": "Kubota et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Kubota et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=497493", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Hypnovenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "379275", "497493" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=497493", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Hypnovenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=497493" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "497493", "genus": "Hypnovenator", "occurrenceId": "1662375", "collectionId": "235979", "identifiedName": "Hypnovenator matsubaraetoheorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypnovenator matsubaraetoheorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89323", "collectionReferenceId": "89323", "cc": "JP", "state": "Hyōgo", "county": "", "formation": "Ohyamashimo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Sasayama", "collection_name": "Nishikosa", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "Kubota et al. (2024): U–Pb ages of zircons indicate 112.1 ± 0.4 Ma for the lowermost part of the Ohyamashimo Formation and 106.4 ± 0.4 Ma for the lower part of the overlying Sawada Formation^26. Thus, the middle part of the Ohyamashimo Formation is assigned to be the early to middle Albian in age.\"\r\n", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Hypnovenator" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Troodontinae", "genus:497493" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "candidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "167441", "name": "Hypselospinus", "displayName": "Hypselospinus", "attribution": "Norman 2010", "rawAttribution": "Norman 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=167441", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Neoiguanodontia", "Hypselospinus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "318660", "167441" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=167441", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Hypselospinus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=167441" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "167441", "genus": "Hypselospinus", "occurrenceId": "516471", "collectionId": "52310", "identifiedName": "\"Iguanodon\" hollingtonensis", "acceptedName": "Hypselospinus fittoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31500", "collectionReferenceId": "11798", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "North Yorkshire", "formation": "Speeton Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Cromer Knoll", "collection_name": "Speeton beach (BMNH R8676)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "below the Paracraspedites and Suberacraspidites zones; bed D7D", "geogcomments": "at beach level, near Speeton, North Yorkshire" }, { "genusId": "167441", "genus": "Hypselospinus", "occurrenceId": "518412", "collectionId": "52649", "identifiedName": "Hypselospinus cf. fittoni", "acceptedName": "Hypselospinus fittoni", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53690", "collectionReferenceId": "14142", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hollington Quarry (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Wadhurst Clay Formation of the Hastings Beds Subgroup has an ages of Lower Valanginian according to Radley (2006; vide Allen & Wimbledon 1991)", "geogcomments": "Hollington, near Hastings, East Sussex; TQ 799126 [also listed as TQ 795115]" }, { "genusId": "167441", "genus": "Hypselospinus", "occurrenceId": "518522", "collectionId": "52668", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon fittoni n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypselospinus fittoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14156", "collectionReferenceId": "14156", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Shornden Quarry (sand)", "collection_aka": "Hastings", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "2 ft above clay bed with I. dawsoni", "geogcomments": "near Hastings, Sussex; TQ 803105 [also listed as Shornden Quarry, St. Leonards (TQ 802106 and TQ 802105)]" }, { "genusId": "167441", "genus": "Hypselospinus", "occurrenceId": "559029", "collectionId": "58094", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon fittoni", "acceptedName": "Hypselospinus fittoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15587", "collectionReferenceId": "15587", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hare Farm Lane, Brede", "collection_aka": "Brede bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "between the Top Ashdown Pebble Bed and the Brede Equisetum lyelli Soil Bed ", "geogcomments": "TQ 83141844; Hare Farm Lane, Brede, East Sussex" }, { "genusId": "167441", "genus": "Hypselospinus", "occurrenceId": "831821", "collectionId": "52649", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon hollingtoniensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypselospinus fittoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30971", "collectionReferenceId": "14142", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hollington Quarry (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Wadhurst Clay Formation of the Hastings Beds Subgroup has an ages of Lower Valanginian according to Radley (2006; vide Allen & Wimbledon 1991)", "geogcomments": "Hollington, near Hastings, East Sussex; TQ 799126 [also listed as TQ 795115]" }, { "genusId": "167441", "genus": "Hypselospinus", "occurrenceId": "871941", "collectionId": "96621", "identifiedName": "Hypselospinus fittoni", "acceptedName": "Hypselospinus fittoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85348", "collectionReferenceId": "11766", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Pevensey Pit, Ashdown Brickworks (Conglomerate Bed)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"exposes a sequence of the Lower Tunbridge Wells Sands\" Hastings beds; three closely related layers within a ca. 40 cm sequence. Also described as \"mid-way within the Wadhurst Clay Formation\"", "geogcomments": "\"situated adjacent to Turkey Road, northwest of Bexhill, East Sussex at TQ 720 095\"" }, { "genusId": "167441", "genus": "Hypselospinus", "occurrenceId": "871959", "collectionId": "96622", "identifiedName": "Hypselospinus fittoni", "acceptedName": "Hypselospinus fittoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85348", "collectionReferenceId": "32811", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Pevensey Pit, Ashdown Brickworks (Polacanthus Bed)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"exposes a sequence of the Lower Tunbridge Wells Sands\" Hastings beds; three closely related layers within a ca. 40 cm sequence. Also described as \"mid-way within the Wadhurst Clay Formation\"", "geogcomments": "\"situated adjacent to Turkey Road, northwest of Bexhill, East Sussex at TQ 720 095\"" }, { "genusId": "167441", "genus": "Hypselospinus", "occurrenceId": "1629675", "collectionId": "230812", "identifiedName": "Hypselospinus fittoni", "acceptedName": "Hypselospinus fittoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85348", "collectionReferenceId": "85348", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Pevensey Pit, Ashdown Brickworks (Iguanodont Bed)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "new (2016) lowest bed, up to 1 m thick, near base of formation", "geogcomments": "\"situated adjacent to Turkey Road, northwest of Bexhill, East Sussex at TQ 720 095\"" }, { "genusId": "167441", "genus": "Hypselospinus", "occurrenceId": "1631446", "collectionId": "231104", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon hollingtonensis", "acceptedName": "Hypselospinus fittoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85567", "collectionReferenceId": "85567", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Little Ridge Quarry (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Wadhurst Clay Formation of the Hastings Beds Subgroup has an ages of Lower Valanginian according to Radley (2006; vide Allen & Wimbledon 1991)", "geogcomments": "just S of Little Ridge farmhouse, now on S side of Little RIdge Avenue, near Conquest Hospital; TQ 8065 1240" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Neoiguanodontia", "Hypselospinus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Neoiguanodontia", "genus:167441" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "167441" ], "candidateIds": [ "167441" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38736", "name": "Hypsilophodon", "displayName": "Hypsilophodon", "attribution": "Huxley 1870", "rawAttribution": "Huxley 1870", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38736", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Hypsilophodontidae", "Hypsilophodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "38734", "38736" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Keep defensible genus-specific guilds, normalize insectivore/piscivore to animal-based with qualifiers, and apply Lesothosaurus/Silesaurus overrides. A genus-valued PBDB basis is not itself proof of direct observations.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] } ], "confidence": "varies", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38736", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Hypsilophodon", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38736" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38736", "genus": "Hypsilophodon", "occurrenceId": "149860", "collectionId": "13268", "identifiedName": "Hypsilophodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypsilophodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4398", "collectionReferenceId": "4398", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Vectis", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "SZ 377840 Bernissartia locality (Wealden)", "collection_aka": "Isle of Wight", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Authors refer only to \"the Wealdon\", but the enterer questions whether these fossils are of the Vectis Formation of the Wealden Group..? ", "geogcomments": "\"...about midway between Compton Grange Chine and Hanover Point (map reference SZ 377840), at beach level in the second of the three lignitic bands depicted by Osborne White (1921).\" SW coast of Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "38736", "genus": "Hypsilophodon", "occurrenceId": "220095", "collectionId": "22687", "identifiedName": "Hypsilophodon foxii", "acceptedName": "Hypsilophodon foxii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5672", "collectionReferenceId": "5672", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Isle of Wight Hypsilophodon", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1562", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38736", "genus": "Hypsilophodon", "occurrenceId": "280867", "collectionId": "26791", "identifiedName": "Hypsilophodon foxii", "acceptedName": "Hypsilophodon foxii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12803", "collectionReferenceId": "14133", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hypsilophodon Bed, Cowleaze Chine", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from the \"Hypsilophodon Bed\", ca. 2.5 m below top of Wessex Formation (= Wealden Marls) [not from Vectis Fm. = Wealden Shales]", "geogcomments": "SW coast of the Isle of Wight, about 100 yds (90 m) W of Cowleaze Chine and 50 yds E of Barnes High; Brixton (now Brighstone) Bay" }, { "genusId": "38736", "genus": "Hypsilophodon", "occurrenceId": "534634", "collectionId": "28196", "identifiedName": "cf. Hypsilophodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypsilophodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14802", "collectionReferenceId": "7706", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Artoles", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vallipón, Castellote", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "base of this formation (original name translates as \"Artoles Marls and Limestones\")\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: The presence of cf. Arecipites microfoveolatus Ibrahim, Afropollis sp. and Stellatopollis barghoornii Doyle from the basal levels of Artoles Formation suggests a late Barremian age (Pons et al. 2013). The schizacean fern spore content supports a Barremian age.\r\n\r\nBover-Arnal et al. 2016: Sr values from samples suggest a middle/late Early Barremian age for the lower-middle part of the Artoles Formation, and a Late Barremian age for the upper part. Previously the Barremian–Aptian boundary has been placed within the Artoles Formation, but late Barremian ammonites have been found in the overlying Morella Formation, ruling out an early Aptian age for the Artoles Formation.", "geogcomments": "Vallipón, situated on the border between the Turolian towns of Castellote and Mas de las Matas (coordinates represent halfway between these two). On the northern edge of the Maestrazgo Basin, in the southeastern edge of the Iberian Cordillera. Possibly the same as the \"Castellote NE\" locality of Miroschedji 1968." }, { "genusId": "38736", "genus": "Hypsilophodon", "occurrenceId": "565366", "collectionId": "36366", "identifiedName": "cf. Hypsilophodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypsilophodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31068", "collectionReferenceId": "19730", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Las Zabacheras (ZH)", "collection_aka": "Teruel, Galve syncline, La Carretera", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit 3 has previously been suggested to be within the El Castellar Formation, and dated as Hauterivian–lower Barremian (see Canudo et al. 2012), but Royo-Torres et al. (2014) argue that Unit 3 is stratigraphically lower than the El Castellar Formation and belongs to the Villar del Arzobispo Formation, which is dated as upper Tithonian–lower Berriasian. Also called the \"Zabachera beds.\"\r\n\r\nMost recently been placed in the lower section of the Galve Formation and assigned a probable late Berriasian–early Valanginian age (Aurell et al., 2016).\r\nVillar del Arzobispo is now considered Kimmeridgian-Tithonian age (Campo-Sotos et al. 2017)", "geogcomments": "1 km NNE of Galve, in the slope of a tunnel from Galve to Cañada. UTM 679266, 4503362. Originally named \"La Carretera\" in 1934 because it was on the old Galve road, then changed by Lapparent to \"Las Zabacheras.\"" }, { "genusId": "38736", "genus": "Hypsilophodon", "occurrenceId": "897764", "collectionId": "13335", "identifiedName": "Hypsilophodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypsilophodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "38305", "collectionReferenceId": "53422", "cc": "RO", "state": "Judetul Bihor", "county": "Oradea", "formation": "Lower Bauxite", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Brusturi Mine, Cornet 204 lens", "collection_aka": "Bihor, ETE 1554", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the Cornet bauxitic zone, 4 km south of the mining bldgs. of the Cornet branch of the S.C. \"Bauxita Min\" S.A. Dobresti company. Cornet lies in the Comuna Astileu, located in the Padurea Craiului Mtns. in the eastern part of Judetul (prov.) Bihor. The locality is 40 km ESE of Oradea (also listed as SSE)." }, { "genusId": "38736", "genus": "Hypsilophodon", "occurrenceId": "1280873", "collectionId": "89283", "identifiedName": "cf. Hypsilophodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypsilophodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55500", "collectionReferenceId": "29949", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Castrillo de la Reina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Oliván", "collection_name": "La Solana A, Cabezón de la Sierra (C-1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "La Solana, Cabezón de la Sierra" }, { "genusId": "38736", "genus": "Hypsilophodon", "occurrenceId": "1322547", "collectionId": "26791", "identifiedName": "Hypsilophodon foxii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypsilophodon foxii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7422", "collectionReferenceId": "14133", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hypsilophodon Bed, Cowleaze Chine", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from the \"Hypsilophodon Bed\", ca. 2.5 m below top of Wessex Formation (= Wealden Marls) [not from Vectis Fm. = Wealden Shales]", "geogcomments": "SW coast of the Isle of Wight, about 100 yds (90 m) W of Cowleaze Chine and 50 yds E of Barnes High; Brixton (now Brighstone) Bay" }, { "genusId": "38736", "genus": "Hypsilophodon", "occurrenceId": "1449429", "collectionId": "202247", "identifiedName": "Hypsilophodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypsilophodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69314", "collectionReferenceId": "69314", "cc": "JP", "state": "Gifu", "county": "Shokawa", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tetori", "collection_name": "Ono-gun, Shokawa", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "found in boulders, Ono-gun, Shokawa village (Shogawa)" }, { "genusId": "38736", "genus": "Hypsilophodon", "occurrenceId": "1690382", "collectionId": "221549", "identifiedName": "Hypsilophodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypsilophodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12666", "collectionReferenceId": "12666", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Santa Rita-Assenta", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Atouguia de Baleia", "collection_aka": "Ateugina da Baleia", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Bombarral Formation.\r\nAlso assigned to Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Fm. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=461989", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ibirania", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=461989" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "461989", "genus": "Ibirania", "occurrenceId": "1606409", "collectionId": "227131", "identifiedName": "Ibirania parva n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ibirania parva", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82599", "collectionReferenceId": "82599", "cc": "BR", "state": "São Paulo", "county": "", "formation": "São José do Rio Preto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Bauru", "collection_name": "Sítio dos Irmãos Garcia", "collection_aka": "Garcia Brothers Farm; Washington Luis State Highway (SP-310); Vila Ventura", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sítio dos Irmãos Garcia (Garcia Brothers Farm), near the Washington Luis State Highway (SP-310) in Vila Ventura, Ibirá Municipality, northeastern São Paulo State, Brazil" }, { "genusId": "461989", "genus": "Ibirania", "occurrenceId": "1606410", "collectionId": "227132", "identifiedName": "Ibirania parva", "acceptedName": "Ibirania parva", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82599", "collectionReferenceId": "82599", "cc": "BR", "state": "São Paulo", "county": "", "formation": "São José do Rio Preto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Bauru", "collection_name": "Vila Ventura (MPMA, MPPC collections [general])", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "The referred specimens were collected in coeval levels (altimetric height equals 493 m) from outcrops around Vila Ventura District. GPS coordinates of these localities are deposited in their respective collections (LPP, MPMA, and MPPC) and are available upon request (Navarro et al. 2022)" }, { "genusId": "461989", "genus": "Ibirania", "occurrenceId": "1638983", "collectionId": "232270", "identifiedName": "Ibirania parva", "acceptedName": "Ibirania parva", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82599", "collectionReferenceId": "86331", "cc": "BR", "state": "São Paulo", "county": "", "formation": "São José do Rio Preto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Bauru", "collection_name": "Ibirá municipality [PROXY] (São José do Rio Preto Fm.)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "orig. Adamantina Fm.", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in Ibirá municipality" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Saltasauroidea", "Lohuecosauria", "Saltasauridae", "Saltasaurinae", "Ibirania" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "clade:Saltasauroidea", "clade:Lohuecosauria", "clade:Saltasauridae", "clade:Saltasaurinae", "genus:461989" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "candidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "243269", "name": "Ichthyovenator", "displayName": "Ichthyovenator", "attribution": "Allain et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Allain et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243269", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Spinosaurinae", "Ichthyovenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38595", "53371", "243269" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243269", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ichthyovenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243269" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "243269", "genus": "Ichthyovenator", "occurrenceId": "1066204", "collectionId": "131833", "identifiedName": "Ichthyovenator laosensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ichthyovenator laosensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42496", "collectionReferenceId": "42496", "cc": "LA", "state": "Savannakhet", "county": "", "formation": "Grès supérieurs", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ban Kalum, Tang Vay", "collection_aka": "Ichthyovenator type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The “Grès supérieurs” Formation is considered here the lateral equivalent of the Khok Kruat and Phu Pan formations in neighbouring Thailand and is probably late Barremian to early Cenomanian in age (Buffetaut 1991; Allain et al. 1999; Sha 2007; Racey and Goodall 2009). The non-marine Cretaceous bivalve Trigonioides kobayashi–Plicatounio suzuki assemblage (Hoffet 1937) which is the only known assemblage recovered in Tang Vay area suggests that Ichthyovenator is Aptian in age (Allain et al. 1999; Sha 2007).", "geogcomments": "In the bed of a small thalweg, Ban Kalum, Tang Vay area, Savannakhet Province" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Spinosaurinae", "Ichthyovenator" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Spinosauridae", "clade:Spinosaurinae", "genus:243269" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "243269" ], "candidateIds": [ "243269" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "474890", "name": "Igai", "displayName": "Igai", "attribution": "Gorscak et al. 2023", "rawAttribution": "Gorscak et al. 2023", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=474890", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Saltasauroidea", "Lohuecosauria", "Saltasauridae", "Igai" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "71974", "455537", "498066", "64335", "474890" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "172910", "name": "Ignavusaurus", "displayName": "Ignavusaurus", "attribution": "Knoll 2010", "rawAttribution": "Knoll 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=172910", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Ignavusaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "56621", "172910" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Massospondylidae › Ignavusaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Infer predominantly plant-based feeding from close relatives; do not claim observed meals or exclude occasional animal consumption.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=172910", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ignavusaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=172910" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "172910", "genus": "Ignavusaurus", "occurrenceId": "897529", "collectionId": "99624", "identifiedName": "Ignavusaurus rachelis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ignavusaurus rachelis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34260", "collectionReferenceId": "34260", "cc": "LS", "state": "Qacha's Nek", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Ha Ralekoala", "collection_aka": "Ignavusaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "remote site in northern Lesotho, near Ha Ralekoala, Quacha's Nek district, not far from Sekake" }, { "genusId": "172910", "genus": "Ignavusaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540437", "collectionId": "216627", "identifiedName": "Ignavusaurus rachelis", "acceptedName": "Ignavusaurus rachelis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74894", "collectionReferenceId": "74894", "cc": "LS", "state": "Mafeteng", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Dinosaur exposure, Likhoele Mountain", "collection_aka": "Mafeteng", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Likhoele Mountain, near Mafeteng, Mafeteng District, Lesotho, from a quarry named ‘Dinosaur exposure’ (K.A. 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G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=178206", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Iguanacolossus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=178206" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "178206", "genus": "Iguanacolossus", "occurrenceId": "883362", "collectionId": "97954", "identifiedName": "Iguanacolossus sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanacolossus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78389", "collectionReferenceId": "32617", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Doelling's Bowl Bonebed (UMNH VP Loc. 1208)", "collection_aka": "USGS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"The Doelling's Bowl area preserves a particularly thick section of the Yellow Cat Member\" \"\"ankylosaur, iguanodontid, and dromaeosaurid skeletal remains that are all compatible with an Early Cretaceous age\"; below marker calcrete and above the \"chert interval\"\r\n\r\nRecent work indicates that the lower part of the Yellow Cat Member is late Berriasian-Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "Arches National Park near Moab, Utah \"Lower Cedar Mountain Formation on the south rim of Doelling's Bowl\"" }, { "genusId": "178206", "genus": "Iguanacolossus", "occurrenceId": "883370", "collectionId": "97957", "identifiedName": "Iguanacolossus fortis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanacolossus fortis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35274", "collectionReferenceId": "32617", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Don's Ridge North (UMNH VP Loc. 1206)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"upper level\" at this site (J. Kirkland, pers. comm. to MTC); below caprock marker bed, middle of lower part of member. Sauropod from 2 m below.\r\n\r\nRecent work indicates that the Yellow Cat Member is late Berriasian-Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "S of the Green River" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Iguanacolossus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "genus:178206" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163549", "178208", "178206", "104629" ], "candidateIds": [ "163549", "178208", "178206", "104629" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38749", "name": "Iguanodon", "displayName": "Iguanodon", "attribution": "Mantell 1825", "rawAttribution": "Mantell 1825", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38749", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Iguanodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "38749" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38749", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Americas", "Asia", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Iguanodon", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38749" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/iguanodon.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "219965", "collectionId": "22645", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19188", "collectionReferenceId": "52560", "cc": "BE", "state": "Hainaut", "county": "", "formation": "Sainte-Barbe Clays", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Sainte-Barbe coal mine, Bernissart", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1519, Cran du Midi, Cran du Nord", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "2 layers within mine\r\n\"The presence of the angiosperm pollen biorecord Superret-croton (equivalent to Stellatopollis hughesii Penny, 1986) suggests a middle Barremian to earliest Aptian age for the Wealden facies sediments (and enclosed dinosaur fossils) at 322 metres depth in the \"puits naturel de Bernissart\".\" (Yans et al. 2006)", "geogcomments": "Sainte-Barbe coal seam near Bernissart, between Mons and Tourney (= Tournai) near the French border. Accessed through several wells and shafts, including Cran du Nord, Cran du Midi, Cran aux Iguanodons" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "220226", "collectionId": "22727", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5691", "collectionReferenceId": "53066", "cc": "DE", "state": "Nordrhein-Westphalen", "county": "Sauerland", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Brilon-Nehden", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1606", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Brilon-Nehden locality has been dated as Aptian (Huckriede, 1982) or Barremian (Schudack, 1987)", "geogcomments": "village of Nehden, near Brilon, in Sauerland; in an open-cast quarry" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "220228", "collectionId": "22727", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon cf. bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5691", "collectionReferenceId": "53066", "cc": "DE", "state": "Nordrhein-Westphalen", "county": "Sauerland", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Brilon-Nehden", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1606", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Brilon-Nehden locality has been dated as Aptian (Huckriede, 1982) or Barremian (Schudack, 1987)", "geogcomments": "village of Nehden, near Brilon, in Sauerland; in an open-cast quarry" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "256575", "collectionId": "24897", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon mantelli", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6980", "collectionReferenceId": "6980", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Vectis", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "150 yards west of Cowleaze Chine", "collection_aka": "Cowlease Chine", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "specimen found \"8 feet above the Hypsilophodon bed near the base of the 19 feet of blue shales, within Unio and Paludina in the top and Cyrena and Paludina near the bottom.\" Likely = Vectis Fm.", "geogcomments": "150 yards west of Cowlease Chine, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "280868", "collectionId": "26793", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29198", "collectionReferenceId": "10823", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Isle of Wight", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Brixton (now Brighstone) Bay, near Cowleaze Chine and Barnes Chine, SW shore, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "343542", "collectionId": "32320", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8709", "collectionReferenceId": "8709", "cc": "PT", "state": "Lisboa", "county": "Sintra", "formation": "Camadas de Almargem", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Praia Grande do Rodizio tracksite", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "footprints are found at three levels within the locality", "geogcomments": "on the southern edge of Praia Grande do Rodizio, Sintra, Portgual. Coordinates are for Sintra." }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "403036", "collectionId": "38682", "identifiedName": "? Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10388", "collectionReferenceId": "39507", "cc": "SD", "state": "Ash Shamaliyah", "county": "", "formation": "Wadi Milk", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "F 1/89, Wadi Abu Hashim", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Originally considered as Cenomanian, but now thought to be dated to the Campanian–Maastrichtian (Klein et al., 2016, and references therein)\r\n\r\nAgyemang et al. 2019: A maximum depositional age of 79.2 ± 2.4 Ma is demonstrated herein for the youngest detrital zircon population in the Wadi Milk Formation", "geogcomments": "Wadi Abu Hashim, Humar Basin, near Wadi Muqaddam (Mogaddam), 200 km N of Khartoum" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "458319", "collectionId": "45148", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43399", "collectionReferenceId": "62420", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tejería Beltrán (26.0 m)", "collection_aka": "Tejería Azuvi, Teulería Azuvi", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "informal name; layer at 26m from top; \"lower Bedoulian\" stage\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.\r\n", "geogcomments": "also called El Beltrán; located on W flank of Morella syncline, and E flank of río Bergantes anticline, oriented N100°E" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "458321", "collectionId": "45149", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11753", "collectionReferenceId": "62420", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mas Guimera (general)", "collection_aka": "Teuleria Milian, Morella", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "exact layer not given; \"lower Bedoulian\"; orig. \"Capas Rojas de Morella\"\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.", "geogcomments": "in W part of río Bergantes valley, 2 km SW of Morella" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "458322", "collectionId": "45150", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11753", "collectionReferenceId": "62420", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "", "formation": "Capas Rojas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mas Macià Querol", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower Bedoullian\"", "geogcomments": "located on W flank of Morella syncline, between río Bergantes and Cinctorres depression, oriented N100°E; SW of Morella, on the R margin of the Caldés River, very close to Mas de la Parreta." }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "458325", "collectionId": "45151", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43399", "collectionReferenceId": "62420", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mas Romeu (11.8 m)", "collection_aka": "Morella", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower Bedoulian\", probably in bed 11.8m from top\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.\r\n", "geogcomments": "located near hill separating the top of Cap de Vinyet and the Morella a Chiva quarry. On the E flank of the Morella syncline, oriented N25°W. N of Morella." }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "458326", "collectionId": "45152", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11753", "collectionReferenceId": "62420", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "", "formation": "Capas Rojas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mas de Eroles (2.8 m)", "collection_aka": "Masia Eroles", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower Bedoulian\", bed located 2.8m from top of section", "geogcomments": "located on W flank of anticline parallel to Morella anticline, oriented N100°E. 3 km E of Morella, in one of the barrancos on the R margin of the Bergantes River." }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "459069", "collectionId": "45193", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55264", "collectionReferenceId": "55264", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Surrey", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Smokejacks Brickworks", "collection_aka": "Baryonyx type, Ockley, Smokejack's", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 7 m below the base of BGS Bed 5c, Cypridea clavata zone; Hughes's MCT phase 2 (1994)", "geogcomments": "Smokejack's Brickworks (Ockley Building Products Limited, formerly Ockley Brick Company Limited), Wallis Wood, Ockley, near Dorking, Surrey, England, a little below the top of the SE face, nearest to the works buildings. Grid reference TQ13: 113 373. Includes extended excavation of Iguanodon in same bed." }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "479683", "collectionId": "47813", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12804", "collectionReferenceId": "12804", "cc": "FR", "state": "Alsace", "county": "Aube", "formation": "Calcaires à Spatangues", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bernon, Aube", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also called the \"Toxaster Limestone\"", "geogcomments": "Bernon, SW part of Aube, 36 km S of Troyes, Alsace" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "489349", "collectionId": "49255", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13162", "collectionReferenceId": "42900", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Lisboa", "formation": "Papo Seco", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Boca do Chapim, Cape Espichel", "collection_aka": "Saint-Espichel, Cap d'Espichel", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Formação de Papo Seco\", C1HB; also called the Grès à Dinosauriens\" and the Almargem beds", "geogcomments": "Boca do Chapim, N of Cape Espichel, 1 km N of Praia dos Lagosteiros" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "516343", "collectionId": "52263", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon mantelli", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14062", "collectionReferenceId": "14062", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Lower Greensand", "collection_name": "Blackgang Chine", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Blackgang Chine, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "516344", "collectionId": "52264", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14063", "collectionReferenceId": "14063", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "low-water mark, between Brook and Brixton", "collection_aka": "Brightstone", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "between Brook and Brixton (Brightstone), S coast of Isle of Wight, near low-water mark" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "516380", "collectionId": "52297", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14133", "collectionReferenceId": "62785", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Stammerham Quarry, Horsham", "collection_aka": "Griggs Farm, Tower Hill", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation.", "geogcomments": "Stammerham Quarry, Griggs Farm, Tower Hill, SW of Horsham, West Sussex; TQ 158 291" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "516381", "collectionId": "52298", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17008", "collectionReferenceId": "17008", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "shore, 0.5 miles north of Swanage", "collection_aka": "Swanwich Iguanodon", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "probably lower Purbeck beds", "geogcomments": "about 1/2 mile N of Swanwich (Swanage), on sea shore" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "518053", "collectionId": "52569", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17008", "collectionReferenceId": "17008", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "east of Sandown Fort", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S coast, Isle of Wight, on ledges a little E of Sandown Fort, between high and low water" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "518054", "collectionId": "52570", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63768", "collectionReferenceId": "63768", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Battle, Hastings (Weald Clay)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Battle, Sussex" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "518407", "collectionId": "52645", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "14142", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Sandown Bay ornithopod (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sandown Bay" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "518413", "collectionId": "52650", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "62785", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Loxwood, West Sussex (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation.", "geogcomments": "near Loxwood, West Sussex - N of the house of J. King." }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "518416", "collectionId": "52652", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "14142", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Bulverhythe, Hastings (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bulverhythe, near Hastings, East Sussex" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "518422", "collectionId": "52657", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "14142", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Shornden Quarry (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shornden Quarry, near Hastings; TQ 803105/TQ 802105" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "518491", "collectionId": "52661", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55914", "collectionReferenceId": "27782", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hartfield Road foreshore, Cooden, Bexhill-on-Sea", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Approx. 1 km east of Cooden Beach Railway; foreshore below cliff face along Hartfield Road, Cooden, Bexhill-on-Sea" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "522081", "collectionId": "53675", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14478", "collectionReferenceId": "45925", "cc": "FR", "state": "Grand Est", "county": "Meuse", "formation": "Argile Ostréenne", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Baudonvilliers tunnel", "collection_aka": "Saint-Dizier", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "railroad tunnel N of village of Baudonvilliers" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "522083", "collectionId": "53677", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14478", "collectionReferenceId": "45554", "cc": "FR", "state": "Grand Est", "county": "Haute-Marne", "formation": "Grès et Sables Piquetés", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Canal du Der, Saint-Dizier", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Canal du Der, S of Saint-Dizier" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "558451", "collectionId": "52674", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15587", "collectionReferenceId": "14172", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Buckinghamshire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Beagle Pit, Hartwell", "collection_aka": "Bugle Pit", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Beagle Pit, Hartwell, near Aylesbury" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "558455", "collectionId": "45193", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55264", "collectionReferenceId": "55264", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Surrey", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Smokejacks Brickworks", "collection_aka": "Baryonyx type, Ockley, Smokejack's", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 7 m below the base of BGS Bed 5c, Cypridea clavata zone; Hughes's MCT phase 2 (1994)", "geogcomments": "Smokejack's Brickworks (Ockley Building Products Limited, formerly Ockley Brick Company Limited), Wallis Wood, Ockley, near Dorking, Surrey, England, a little below the top of the SE face, nearest to the works buildings. Grid reference TQ13: 113 373. Includes extended excavation of Iguanodon in same bed." }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "559030", "collectionId": "58094", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15587", "collectionReferenceId": "15587", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hare Farm Lane, Brede", "collection_aka": "Brede bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "between the Top Ashdown Pebble Bed and the Brede Equisetum lyelli Soil Bed ", "geogcomments": "TQ 83141844; Hare Farm Lane, Brede, East Sussex" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "565386", "collectionId": "36375", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55500", "collectionReferenceId": "7242", "cc": "ES", "state": "Teruel", "county": "", "formation": "Camarillas", "member": "Unit 5", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cabezo Santa Barbara 1, CBP1 (Galve syncline)", "collection_aka": "Teruel, Spain, Sta. Barbara, Santa Bárbara", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Unit 5 is composed of two sub-units: 5-I (lower) and 5-II (upper). Diaz et al. 1984\r\nSub-unit is not differentiated for this locality.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "565387", "collectionId": "36375", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55500", "collectionReferenceId": "7242", "cc": "ES", "state": "Teruel", "county": "", "formation": "Camarillas", "member": "Unit 5", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cabezo Santa Barbara 1, CBP1 (Galve syncline)", "collection_aka": "Teruel, Spain, Sta. Barbara, Santa Bárbara", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Unit 5 is composed of two sub-units: 5-I (lower) and 5-II (upper). Diaz et al. 1984\r\nSub-unit is not differentiated for this locality.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "565412", "collectionId": "59075", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon galvensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon galvensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55476", "collectionReferenceId": "16800", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragon", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Camarillas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "San Cristóbal 1, Galve (SC-1)", "collection_aka": "Teruel, CT-28, SC1, SIBELCO EUROPE", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the SIBELCO EUROPE clay mine, 60 km N of Teruel, in El Castellar. UTM 678925,96 4501598,87" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "565413", "collectionId": "59075", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon galvensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon galvensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55476", "collectionReferenceId": "16800", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragon", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Camarillas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "San Cristóbal 1, Galve (SC-1)", "collection_aka": "Teruel, CT-28, SC1, SIBELCO EUROPE", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the SIBELCO EUROPE clay mine, 60 km N of Teruel, in El Castellar. UTM 678925,96 4501598,87" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "568159", "collectionId": "59673", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17080", "collectionReferenceId": "17080", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Clockhouse Brickworks, E face (top)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "E face of quarry, near top of exposure; Grid Ref TQ 175385/TQ177387" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "582765", "collectionId": "61325", "identifiedName": "cf. Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55385", "collectionReferenceId": "17655", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 1", "collection_aka": "CMP-1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Arcillas de Morella\"\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "583548", "collectionId": "61375", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17679", "collectionReferenceId": "17679", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "El Povet de Sant Llàcer, Morella", "collection_aka": "Els Ports, Sant Yacer", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "the Els Ports region, 1 km N of Morella, 2 km down the road from Xiva, very close to Mas de Romeo, E flank of the Iberian Cordillera, in the Maestrazgo Basin. El Povet de Sant Llàcer (= Sant Yacer). " }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "583552", "collectionId": "61317", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon mantelli", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54616", "collectionReferenceId": "56558", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rubielos de Mora 1", "collection_aka": "Mora de Rubielos", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unknown formation, \"Wealdian\" age", "geogcomments": "Peñagolosa Basin, S of Mora de Rubielos" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "589423", "collectionId": "46875", "identifiedName": "cf. Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17976", "collectionReferenceId": "71233", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Grange Chine cliff face (MIWG/BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 17 m below the Grange Chine Black Band, in bed L9\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "cliff face 300 m WNW of Grange Chine, SW coast of Isle of Wight, Brightstone Bay" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "604470", "collectionId": "61324", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18590", "collectionReferenceId": "18590", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Catedrático, El Beltrán", "collection_aka": "Morella", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "questionable formation assignment\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "607032", "collectionId": "64773", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18692", "collectionReferenceId": "18692", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Sudmore Point ornithopod (MIWG)", "collection_aka": "Sedmore", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "at Sudmore (Sedmore) Point, on Brighstone Bay" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "607034", "collectionId": "64775", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon cf. mantelli", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18695", "collectionReferenceId": "64584", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Yaverland Cliff, Sandown", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Sandown, Isle of Wight; on foreshore E of sea wall (now destroyed) below Yaverland Battery. May be the same as the specimen described by Mantell as \"at the foot of the low cliff that forms the sea boundary of Yaverland Farm.\"" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "607035", "collectionId": "64776", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18695", "collectionReferenceId": "18695", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Yaverland, Sandown (MIWG)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"presumed to have come from the Wealden Marls\"", "geogcomments": "on the shore at Yaverland, Sandown, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "611219", "collectionId": "65606", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18873", "collectionReferenceId": "18873", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Hastings", "collection_name": "Cliff End cliff fall, Hastings", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unknown stratigraphic level within the \"Wealden\", but possibly the Wadhurst Clay Formation", "geogcomments": "cliff fall at Cliff End, near Hastings" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "623385", "collectionId": "65033", "identifiedName": "? Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19135", "collectionReferenceId": "19135", "cc": "FR", "state": "Nord-Pas-de-Calais", "county": "Pas-de-Calais", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Moulin-Wibert", "collection_aka": "Mont Wibert, Boulonnais, Boulogne-sur-mer", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"probably from the Pygurus beds\", \"the middle formation of this cliff\"; \"beds with Aspidoceras caletanus?\"", "geogcomments": "Moulin-Wibert cliff, near La Crèche" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "670223", "collectionId": "72266", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon seelyi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24480", "collectionReferenceId": "24480", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "small chine south of Brook Chine", "collection_aka": "Isle of Wight", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "a small chine 180 yards S of Brook Chine, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "670351", "collectionId": "72289", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30971", "collectionReferenceId": "24490", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Brook Point tracksite", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden Beds\", below the \"Wealden Shales\" (Vectis Fm.), so inferred to be Wessex Fm.", "geogcomments": "on the shore at low water, between Brook Point and thr Chine to the W (Brook Chine)" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "670352", "collectionId": "72290", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30971", "collectionReferenceId": "24490", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "tracksite, shore between Brook and Brixton", "collection_aka": "Brighstone", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden Beds\", below the \"Wealden Shales\" (Vectis Fm.), so inferred to be Wessex Fm.", "geogcomments": "on the shore, about halfway between Brook and Brixton (Brighstone)" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "670353", "collectionId": "72291", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30971", "collectionReferenceId": "24490", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Swanage Bay tracksite", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two bands", "geogcomments": "Swanage Bay, about 200 yds from the W end of the Wealden cliff" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "679802", "collectionId": "73351", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon mantelli", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18719", "collectionReferenceId": "18719", "cc": "PT", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Papo Seco", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Serra da Arrabida, level 10b.", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "hand sample", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "2.50m\r\noriginally the \"Grès à Dinosauriens\"", "geogcomments": "Serie at North of Cap Espichel." }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "691776", "collectionId": "74520", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25015", "collectionReferenceId": "25015", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantavieja", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden\"", "geogcomments": "Cantavieja" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "691790", "collectionId": "61320", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25016", "collectionReferenceId": "25016", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla-La Mancha", "county": "Cuenca", "formation": "El Collado", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vadillos", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "questionable formation assignment", "geogcomments": "NE of Priego, between the village of Vadillos and Beteta, in the Serrania de Cuenca" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "691800", "collectionId": "74531", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25016", "collectionReferenceId": "25016", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla-La Mancha", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Castellote SW (El Estrecho)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden\", subjacent to the marine Aptian", "geogcomments": "El Estrecho gorge, near hamlet of Ladruñan, 10 km \"as the bird flies\" SW of Castellote" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "751808", "collectionId": "80508", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon major", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon major", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27069", "collectionReferenceId": "27069", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Pines Hotel, Swanage", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "about 50 ft E of the Pines Hotel, Swanage, in sute at low beach level" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "751809", "collectionId": "80512", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon mantelli", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27069", "collectionReferenceId": "27069", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Bincombe railway cutting", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bincombe railway cutting, a few miles SSW of Dorchester" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "751815", "collectionId": "80516", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31381", "collectionReferenceId": "31381", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Ashdown", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Ridgeway Hill, railway cutting", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from \"at the base of the series.\" 'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation, so this is probably Ashdown Fm.", "geogcomments": "Ridgeway Hill, railway cutting near S entrance to (S side of) Ridgeway tunnel, near Weymouth" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "770622", "collectionId": "82515", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27782", "collectionReferenceId": "27782", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Harting Combe, Haslemere", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden Strata\"", "geogcomments": "Harting Combe, near Haslemere, Surry area" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "774684", "collectionId": "83125", "identifiedName": "? Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70300", "collectionReferenceId": "52457", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Ashdown", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "East Cliff, Hastings", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden\" from below the Wadhurst", "geogcomments": "near East Cliff, Hastings" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "812310", "collectionId": "89265", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55500", "collectionReferenceId": "30625", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla-La Mancha", "county": "Cuenca", "formation": "El Collado", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Masegosa", "collection_aka": "Cuenca", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "El Collado Formation outcrops surrounding Vadillos region have been assigned an upper Barremian age based on charophyte biostratigraphy (Vicente and Martín-Closas 2013). ", "geogcomments": "Masegosa, Cuenca" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "812438", "collectionId": "61326", "identifiedName": "cf. Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55385", "collectionReferenceId": "17655", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 2", "collection_aka": "CMP-2", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Arcillas de Morella\"\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "812449", "collectionId": "61327", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41033", "collectionReferenceId": "17655", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 3", "collection_aka": "CMP-3, CMP-3b, CMP-3c", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Arcillas de Morella\"\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.", "geogcomments": "Cantera Mas de la Parreta, Morella; includes areas CMP-3, 3b, and 3c" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "812453", "collectionId": "89291", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55385", "collectionReferenceId": "29955", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 5", "collection_aka": "CMP-5", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Arcillas de Morella\"\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "812458", "collectionId": "89293", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55385", "collectionReferenceId": "29955", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 9", "collection_aka": "CMP-9", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Arcillas de Morella\"\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "831513", "collectionId": "91990", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30956", "collectionReferenceId": "14071", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Black Horse Quarry, Tetham Hill", "collection_aka": "Battle, Tetham Bone Bed, Talham Bone Bed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden Formation\" originally but term covered several groups in modern usage\r\nThe Wadhurst Clay Formation of the Hastings Beds Subgroup has an ages of Lower Valanginian according to Radley (2006; vide Allen & Wimbledon 1991)", "geogcomments": "Black Horse Quarry, W side of Black Horse Hill, Tetham (Telham) Hill, 1.5 mi (ca. 2 km) SE of Battle; TQ 76881422 (also given as TQ 769142)" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "831822", "collectionId": "36581", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon mantelli", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30971", "collectionReferenceId": "9796", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Bedfordshire", "formation": "Woburn Sand", "member": "Potton Nodule Bed", "geological_group": "Lower Greensand", "collection_name": "Potton bonebed", "collection_aka": "Craterosaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Potton Sands = Woburn Sands; possibly reworked. \"it may be as new as the upper part of the Lower Greensand\" (Seeley, 1874).", "geogcomments": "near Potton, Bedfordshire" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "833831", "collectionId": "52306", "identifiedName": "? Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31216", "collectionReferenceId": "31216", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Lulworth", "member": "", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Lulworth Cove, Dorset (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lulworth Cove, Dorset" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "986561", "collectionId": "118324", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43049", "collectionReferenceId": "38110", "cc": "DE", "state": "Niedersachsen", "county": "", "formation": "Bückeberg", "member": "Obernkirchen", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Heye quarry tracksite, Bückeburg", "collection_aka": "Schauenstein, Obernkirchen, Haye", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "three track horizon", "geogcomments": "F. C. H. Heye (Schauenstein) glassworks quarry, Bückeburg, ca. 1.5 km SE of Obernkirchen, Westphalia; UTM R: 3509887, H: 5791918" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "991429", "collectionId": "119697", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "38390", "collectionReferenceId": "38390", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Keymer Tile Works", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower Weald Clay", "geogcomments": "TQ 323 193, Keymer Tile Works, Burgess Hill, West Sussex" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1088374", "collectionId": "136774", "identifiedName": "? Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43735", "collectionReferenceId": "43062", "cc": "DE", "state": "Niedersachsen", "county": "", "formation": "Bückeberg", "member": "Obernkirchen", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Harrl quarry tracksite, Bückeburg", "collection_aka": "Harrel quarry, Harrl-Steinbruche, Bad Rehberg, Hexenteich", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "possibly correlated with the lower half of the Hastings Beds, \"Wealden\"", "geogcomments": "quarry at Harrl (= Harrel), ca. 1.6 km SE of Bückeburg, Bad Rehberg, Westphalia; UTM R: 3504770, H: 5790734" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1139770", "collectionId": "80842", "identifiedName": "cf. Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46977", "collectionReferenceId": "46977", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Durlston", "member": "Stair Hole", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Lander's Quarry, Gallows Gore", "collection_aka": "Worth Matravers, Burt's Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Roach\" Stone, Middle Purbeck beds, = Intermarine Mb.\r\n\r\nDurlston Formation is likely upper Berriasian in age based on magnetostratigraphy (Ogg et al. 1994; Ogg et al. 2008) and correlates to other upper Berriasian assemblages in Europe (e.g. Wimbledon and Hunt 1993).", "geogcomments": "Lander's Quarry (Burt's Quarry) at Gallows Gore, Eastington Road, near Worth Matravers, Dorset" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1149525", "collectionId": "146642", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47414", "collectionReferenceId": "47414", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Surrey", "formation": "Sandgate", "member": "Bargate Sandstone", "geological_group": "Lower Greensand", "collection_name": "Guildford", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Bargate stone\"", "geogcomments": "Guildford" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1149527", "collectionId": "146643", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47414", "collectionReferenceId": "47414", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Cambridgeshire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Lower Greensand", "collection_name": "Upware", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"Upware bed\" in the Lower Greensand", "geogcomments": "from Upware" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1183821", "collectionId": "152639", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49177", "collectionReferenceId": "55385", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 11", "collection_aka": "CMP-11, Iguanodon bernissartensis quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Arcillas de Morella\"\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1211340", "collectionId": "96817", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51648", "collectionReferenceId": "33032", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Barnes High Sauropod (MIWG)", "collection_aka": "Isle of Wight Sauropod", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Barnes High layer, \"near the top of the Wessex Formation....Fossiliferous layers are poorly documented, but occur as lenses at several levels in the Wessex Formation\" ca. 10 m below the top of the Wessex Fm.", "geogcomments": "\"near the top of the Wessex Formation at Barnes High\"" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1211342", "collectionId": "157299", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51648", "collectionReferenceId": "51648", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Grange Chine beach (MIWG)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Grange Chine beach, SW coast of Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1216614", "collectionId": "158767", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62192", "collectionReferenceId": "46921", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Ashdown", "member": "Fairlight Clays", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Galley Hill tracksite", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "between the point (Little Galley Hill) and an isolated stack of Ashdown Sand (by a path across the railway line just SW of the Bull Inn, where the cliff ends), along the shore" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1221314", "collectionId": "136774", "identifiedName": "Struthopus schaumburgensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthopus schaumburgensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52185", "collectionReferenceId": "43062", "cc": "DE", "state": "Niedersachsen", "county": "", "formation": "Bückeberg", "member": "Obernkirchen", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Harrl quarry tracksite, Bückeburg", "collection_aka": "Harrel quarry, Harrl-Steinbruche, Bad Rehberg, Hexenteich", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "possibly correlated with the lower half of the Hastings Beds, \"Wealden\"", "geogcomments": "quarry at Harrl (= Harrel), ca. 1.6 km SE of Bückeburg, Bad Rehberg, Westphalia; UTM R: 3504770, H: 5790734" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1222291", "collectionId": "160134", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23494", "collectionReferenceId": "23494", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Bull-Face Ledge, Brook Point", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"iron-sand formation\"", "geogcomments": "Bull-Face Ledge, near Brook Point" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1225191", "collectionId": "160833", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52457", "collectionReferenceId": "52457", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Ashdown", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "west of Ecclesbourne Glen", "collection_aka": "Hastings", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"near the junction of the shales (known as \"Tilgate Beds\") and the Hastings Sand proper…\" This is probably the lowermost Hastings, now the Ashdown Fm. of the Wealden Group.", "geogcomments": "\"the cliff a little west of Ecclesbourne Glen\", East Sussex, near Hastings" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1225192", "collectionId": "160834", "identifiedName": "cf. Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52457", "collectionReferenceId": "82860", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Ashdown", "member": "Lee Ness Sandstone", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Lee Ness tracksite", "collection_aka": "Fairlight, east of Hastings", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "at Lee Ness, Fairllight, Sussex - likely corresponds to Beckles's \"about four miles east of Hastings\"" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1225194", "collectionId": "160835", "identifiedName": "cf. Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52457", "collectionReferenceId": "52457", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Biggs' Farm, Cuckfield", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Sarjeant 1974: \"probably from the Wadhurst Clay\"", "geogcomments": "Biggs' Farm, near Cuckfield - actually near Haywards Heath" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1245127", "collectionId": "74523", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52727", "collectionReferenceId": "56558", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castelló", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cinctorres–Morella road, Rio Bergantes", "collection_aka": "Teuleria Azuvi", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden\"", "geogcomments": "at a point on the Río Bergantes, in the work for the road connecting Cinctorres with Morella; material was used in a nearby trench. Probably the same as \"Morella a Cinctorres\" of Bataller 1960" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1247663", "collectionId": "164632", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62309", "collectionReferenceId": "53789", "cc": "DE", "state": "Niedersachsen", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Körssen pit, Marienschacht", "collection_aka": "Stadthagen", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden\"", "geogcomments": "\"in the footwall of the main tunnel in Marienschacht of the Körssen pit near Stadthagen\" - from a coal mine" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1264867", "collectionId": "168023", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55024", "collectionReferenceId": "55024", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y León", "county": "Soria", "formation": "Huérteles", "member": "", "geological_group": "Oncala", "collection_name": "La Matecasa, M-3", "collection_aka": "Bretun", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"aloformation\"", "geogcomments": "near hamlet of Bretún, near entrance to village, by the road that comes from Villar del Río, in the Tierras Altas region, Soria province; UTM 30T1795966966, western Cameros Basin" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1264868", "collectionId": "168024", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55024", "collectionReferenceId": "55024", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y León", "county": "Soria", "formation": "Huérteles", "member": "", "geological_group": "Oncala", "collection_name": "La Matecasa, M-4", "collection_aka": "Bretun", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"aloformation\"", "geogcomments": "near hamlet of Bretún, near entrance to village, by the road that comes from Villar del Río, in the Tierras Altas region, Soria province; UTM 30T1795966966, western Cameros Basin" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1264869", "collectionId": "168025", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55024", "collectionReferenceId": "55024", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y León", "county": "Soria", "formation": "Huérteles", "member": "", "geological_group": "Oncala", "collection_name": "La Matecasa, M-5", "collection_aka": "Bretun", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"aloformation\"", "geogcomments": "near hamlet of Bretún, near entrance to village, by the road that comes from Villar del Río, in the Tierras Altas region, Soria province; UTM 30T1795966966, western Cameros Basin" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1271453", "collectionId": "168982", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55214", "collectionReferenceId": "55214", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "western extremity, St. Leonard's", "collection_aka": "St Leonards", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from above a sandstone bed that extends from the new church to the western extremity of St. Leonard's" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1274133", "collectionId": "169162", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55386", "collectionReferenceId": "55386", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castellón", "county": "Els Ports", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "ANA quarry, Cinctorres", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "37 m above base of formation\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.", "geogcomments": "1500 m N of the town of Cinctorres, near Mas Roig" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1276915", "collectionId": "169443", "identifiedName": "? Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55385", "collectionReferenceId": "55385", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 10", "collection_aka": "CMP-10", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Arcillas de Morella\"\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.\r\n", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1276917", "collectionId": "169445", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55385", "collectionReferenceId": "55385", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 7", "collection_aka": "CMP-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Arcillas de Morella\"\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.\r\n", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1276918", "collectionId": "169446", "identifiedName": "cf. Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55385", "collectionReferenceId": "55385", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 8", "collection_aka": "CMP-8", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Arcillas de Morella\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1276920", "collectionId": "169447", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55385", "collectionReferenceId": "55385", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 4", "collection_aka": "CMP-4", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Arcillas de Morella\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1280619", "collectionId": "59075", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon galvensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon galvensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55476", "collectionReferenceId": "16800", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragon", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Camarillas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "San Cristóbal 1, Galve (SC-1)", "collection_aka": "Teruel, CT-28, SC1, SIBELCO EUROPE", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the SIBELCO EUROPE clay mine, 60 km N of Teruel, in El Castellar. UTM 678925,96 4501598,87" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1280620", "collectionId": "170003", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon galvensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon galvensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55476", "collectionReferenceId": "83325", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragon", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Camarillas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "San Cristóbal 2, Galve (SC-2)", "collection_aka": "Teruel, SC2, SIBELCO EUROPE", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the SIBELCO EUROPE clay mine, 60 km N of Teruel. UTM 678925,96 4501598,87. Part of Maestrazgo European and Global Geopark\r\n" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1280870", "collectionId": "89271", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55500", "collectionReferenceId": "29949", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y León", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Pinilla de los Moros", "member": "", "geological_group": "Urbión", "collection_name": "La Tejera-Valdesancho", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden facies\"", "geogcomments": "La Tejera-Valdesancho, within the municipal limits of Barbadillo del Mercado" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1283550", "collectionId": "170624", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55584", "collectionReferenceId": "55584", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hastings shore tracksite", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "An undetermined horizon within the Hastings Beds. 'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation.", "geogcomments": "along the shore, near Hastings" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1284652", "collectionId": "36581", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55639", "collectionReferenceId": "9796", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Bedfordshire", "formation": "Woburn Sand", "member": "Potton Nodule Bed", "geological_group": "Lower Greensand", "collection_name": "Potton bonebed", "collection_aka": "Craterosaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Potton Sands = Woburn Sands; possibly reworked. \"it may be as new as the upper part of the Lower Greensand\" (Seeley, 1874).", "geogcomments": "near Potton, Bedfordshire" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1284855", "collectionId": "96619", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55656", "collectionReferenceId": "55656", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Ashdown", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Crowborough Brick Company", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"at the foot and on the east side of Crowborough Beacon Hill, in the hamlet of Jarvisbrook\", part of the Ashdown Brickworks,Bexhill" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1330928", "collectionId": "179214", "identifiedName": "cf. Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23520", "collectionReferenceId": "23520", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Bissett Conglomerate", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bissett, Glass Mountains dinosaur (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "basin", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unknown locality in the Glass Mountains" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1364695", "collectionId": "185808", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon mantelli", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62309", "collectionReferenceId": "62309", "cc": "DE", "state": "Niedersachsen", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Sehnde, near Lehrte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden formations\"; lowest layers", "geogcomments": "from Sehnde, near Lehrte" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1382012", "collectionId": "189378", "identifiedName": "? Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63592", "collectionReferenceId": "63592", "cc": "IN", "state": "Tamil Nadu", "county": "Uttattur", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trichinopoly", "collection_name": "Uttattur", "collection_aka": "Ootatoor", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Utatur (Uttattur, Ootatoor), 0.5 mi E of Neykkulam (Naicolum)" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1382154", "collectionId": "52258", "identifiedName": "Iguanosaurus sp. n. gen.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63620", "collectionReferenceId": "63769", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "Grinstead Clay", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Tilgate Forest, Cuckfield", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation. Bed is the \"Tilgate Grit.\"", "geogcomments": "Tilgate Forest area, near Cuckfield, West Sussex; TQ 2735" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1384010", "collectionId": "52256", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63762", "collectionReferenceId": "17381", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Bolney (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bolney, Sussex" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1391607", "collectionId": "187192", "identifiedName": "? Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64604", "collectionReferenceId": "62785", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Headfoldwood Common, Loxwood", "collection_aka": "Headfold-wood, Tilgate", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation.", "geogcomments": "Headfoldwood Common, WSW of Loxwood. extreme western Tilgate beds" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1391609", "collectionId": "73272", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon mantelli", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7386", "collectionReferenceId": "14071", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Cuckfield (general) [BMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Cuckfield, Sussex, England. Includes \"the locality whence the first tooth of the genus was obtained by Dr. Mantell, about 1820\", Cuckfield, Sussex, England.\"" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1398099", "collectionId": "192730", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65423", "collectionReferenceId": "65423", "cc": "PT", "state": "Setúbal", "county": "", "formation": "Ladeiras", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lagosteiros B tracksite", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "orig. \"Calcários Corálicos de Lagosteiros\"", "geogcomments": "northern cliffs at Lagosteiros" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1404686", "collectionId": "61316", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65876", "collectionReferenceId": "18588", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Benageber (continental)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Wealdian\" age, unknown formation; also described as \"Purbeckian\" (then = Tithonian)\r\n\r\nFrom Campos-Soto et al. 2016: Specifically, the studied deposits crop out in the NW area of the basin, near Benagéber town (NW of Valencia province; Fig. 1) and correspond to the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Higueruelas, Villar del Arzobispo and Aldea de Cortés Fms (Fig. 2A). The presence of Alveosepta in the Villar del Arzobispo Fm suggests that at least part of this unit is Kimmeridgian, unlike the previously assigned Late Tithonian-Middle Berriasian age. Consequently, the underlying Higueruelas Fm, previously considered Tithonian, should not be younger than Kimmeridgian. Accordingly, sedimentation of the Aldea de Cortés Fm, previously considered Valanginian-Hauterivian, probably started during the Tithonian ", "geogcomments": "original village of Benageber was drowned by an artificlal lake (Lake Pantano del Generalissimo), but site remains visible at low water along the shore" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1434593", "collectionId": "200129", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68171", "collectionReferenceId": "68171", "cc": "FR", "state": "Hauts-de-France", "county": "Pas-de-Calais", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Rochette / Pointe-aux-Oies", "collection_aka": "Boulonnais", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"upper Portlandian\"", "geogcomments": "cliffs between La Rochette and Pointe-aux-Oies, Boulonnais" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1549230", "collectionId": "218874", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon mantelli", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75805", "collectionReferenceId": "75805", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Urbión", "collection_name": "Las Carboneras (Los Charrancos)", "collection_aka": "Salas de los Infantes", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unspecied beds; assigned to Urbión Group based on geographic placement", "geogcomments": "Las Carboneras (Los Charrancos), vicinity of Salas de los Infantes, Burgos, Spain" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1550671", "collectionId": "218995", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon cf. galvensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon galvensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75863", "collectionReferenceId": "78423", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Camarillas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Las Dehesillas, DS-1", "collection_aka": "Aliaga", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Las Dehesillas, near Aliaga, 70 km NE of Teruel, in the Parque Cultural del Maestrazgo. UTM = X, 693586 and Y, 4504629" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1555914", "collectionId": "219662", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon galvensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon galvensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76442", "collectionReferenceId": "76442", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragon", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Camarillas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "San Cristóbal 6, Galve (SC-6)", "collection_aka": "Cabeza de San Cristóbal, SC6", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Areniscas de Camarillas", "geogcomments": "San Cristóbal 6 (= Cabeza de San Cristóbal), in the Cerro de San Cristóbal, Galve sub-basin, Teruel" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1555915", "collectionId": "219663", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon galvensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon galvensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76442", "collectionReferenceId": "76442", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragon", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Camarillas", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "San Cristóbal 8, Galve (SC-8)", "collection_aka": "Cabeza de San Cristóbal, SC8", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Areniscas de Camarillas", "geogcomments": "San Cristóbal 8 (= Cabeza de San Cristóbal), in the Cerro de San Cristóbal, Galve sub-basin, Teruel" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1573471", "collectionId": "222373", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78875", "collectionReferenceId": "78161", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "Ardingly Sandstone", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Philpots Quarry [Ardingly Sandstone]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Philpots Quarry, 1 km SW of West Hoathly; TQ 355323 (also given as TQ 35563228)" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1573477", "collectionId": "222374", "identifiedName": "\"Iguanodon\" sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78161", "collectionReferenceId": "78161", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "Pebble Bed", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Philpots Quarry [Pebble Bed]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Philpots Quarry, near West Hoathly; TQ 355323" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1573481", "collectionId": "222353", "identifiedName": "\"Iguanodon\" sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78161", "collectionReferenceId": "78161", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Langhurstwood Quarry (SE face), Warnham", "collection_aka": "Warnham Brickworks", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Lower Weald Clay\"", "geogcomments": "SE face of Langhurstwood Quarry, Langhurstwood Road, Warnham; TQ 180352 (also listed as TQ 182352)" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1573497", "collectionId": "222381", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78163", "collectionReferenceId": "78163", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hanover Point", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hanover Point, near Brook" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1573499", "collectionId": "222383", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78163", "collectionReferenceId": "78163", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Atherfield", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Atherfield and Barnes High, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1573602", "collectionId": "222390", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78163", "collectionReferenceId": "78163", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "foreshore tracksite, Chilton Chine", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "foreshore of the Isle of Wight at Chilton Chine" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1574250", "collectionId": "222518", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31500", "collectionReferenceId": "14071", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "Grinstead Clay", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hakesbourne Pit, Rusper", "collection_aka": "Hawksbourne", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hakesbourne Pit (= Hawksbourne), Rusper, 4 mi. NE of Horsham" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1606147", "collectionId": "173547", "identifiedName": "cf. Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56561", "collectionReferenceId": "56561", "cc": "ES", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "Munilla", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Enciso", "collection_name": "San Vicente de Munilla VI tracksite", "collection_aka": "SVM VI, Nivel 2, Los Endos, END", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "5 track-bearing levels at Los Endos (\"tramos\" 20, 23, 30, 31, 33).", "geogcomments": "\"From Munilla, take the road leading to the village of San Vicente, ca. 200 m. This road forks into two branches, the L ascends directly to San Vicente, on the W side of the ravine, while the R descends to cross the river and then rises on the E side, to join upstream the W branch. From this point, and immediately N of S. Vicente, stands the hill elevation 1,121, which, on its NE side, in favor of the dip, has great outcrops with many footprints. Following this N elevation, and after traversing a small ravine, it ascends to a height of 1,137, which marks the end of the zone explored.\" 1 outcrop at this level, which is halfway between level 1 and elevation 1,121.\r\nU.T.M: X: 558000 Y: 467240 Z: 1000 m\r\nViera * Aguirrezabala (1982) \"Nivel 2\" could correspond to the site Los Endos." }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1606154", "collectionId": "227105", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56561", "collectionReferenceId": "56561", "cc": "ES", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "Munilla", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Enciso", "collection_name": "San Vicente de Munilla IX tracksite", "collection_aka": "SVM IX, Nivel 3", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Nivel 3 within overall Nivel 3 package; 8 \"capas\" at this site (A through H).", "geogcomments": "\"From Munilla, take the road leading to the village of San Vicente, ca. 200 m. This road forks into two branches, the L ascends directly to San Vicente, on the W side of the ravine, while the R descends to cross the river and then rises on the E side, to join upstream the W branch. From this point, and immediately N of S. Vicente, stands the hill elevation 1,121, which, on its NE side, in favor of the dip, has great outcrops with many footprints. Following this N elevation, and after traversing a small ravine, it ascends to a height of 1,137, which marks the end of the zone explored.\" 1 outcrop at this level (\"Nivel 3, afloramiento 3\"), which is \"...marked by elevation 1,121, from which it descends down the slope to the bottom of the ravine, and once it has crossed the river, continue on the other side.\"\r\nU.T.M: X: 558000 Y: 467240 Z: 1000 m" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1609064", "collectionId": "52576", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon cf. bernissartensis", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon bernissartensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82927", "collectionReferenceId": "14136", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Brixton Bay (Fox collection)", "collection_aka": "Brighstone", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "presumed Wessex Fm.", "geogcomments": "Brixton (Brighstone) Bay" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1609066", "collectionId": "227657", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82927", "collectionReferenceId": "82927", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Shepherds Chine (MIWG)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shepherds Chine, in Brighstone Bay on the south-west coast of the Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1609067", "collectionId": "52258", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon mantelli", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82927", "collectionReferenceId": "63769", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "Grinstead Clay", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Tilgate Forest, Cuckfield", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation. Bed is the \"Tilgate Grit.\"", "geogcomments": "Tilgate Forest area, near Cuckfield, West Sussex; TQ 2735" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1618901", "collectionId": "229036", "identifiedName": "cf. Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83778", "collectionReferenceId": "83778", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "El Castellar", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MV-4, Miravete de la Sierra", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near base of formation", "geogcomments": "in the Miravete de la Sierra municipality (mispelled Minavete on occasion); E zone of Galve subbasin, within Maestrazgo Basin. 200 m N of MV-2 and MV-3, located in a shallow valley formed by a tributary of the Guadalope River" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1631447", "collectionId": "231105", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85567", "collectionReferenceId": "85567", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Queens Road, Hastings", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "site of a gasometer near Queens Road (TQ 819099)" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1631448", "collectionId": "231106", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85567", "collectionReferenceId": "85567", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Silverhill Junction, Hastings", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from digging foundation of house at Tivoli (Silverlands), near Silverhill junction (TQ 7993 1078)" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1637181", "collectionId": "232068", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86115", "collectionReferenceId": "86115", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "tracksite west of Hanover Point", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "ca. 100 m W of Hanover Point, near Brook" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1637182", "collectionId": "232068", "identifiedName": "cf. Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86115", "collectionReferenceId": "86115", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "tracksite west of Hanover Point", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "ca. 100 m W of Hanover Point, near Brook" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1639015", "collectionId": "232279", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48232", "collectionReferenceId": "48232", "cc": "CN", "state": "Henan", "county": "Ruyang", "formation": "Haoling", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shaping Donggou", "collection_aka": "Liudian", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shaping Donggou, Liudian Town, Ruyang County, Henan Province, China" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1690385", "collectionId": "105792", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon anglicum n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23491", "collectionReferenceId": "23491", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "Grinstead Clay", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Whiteman’s Green, Cuckfield", "collection_aka": "Whitemans", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle–upper Valanginian", "geogcomments": "now-abandoned quarry in Whiteman’s Green, Cuckfield; TQ 30052550 (also listed as TQ 300256)" }, { "genusId": "38749", "genus": "Iguanodon", "occurrenceId": "1690386", "collectionId": "52660", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Iguanodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31505", "collectionReferenceId": "14142", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Silverhill, Hastings (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Silverhill, near Hastings, East Sussex" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Iguanodon" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "genus:38749" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "378706", "38748", "38749" ], "candidateIds": [ "378706", "38748", "38749" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "478417", "name": "Ikqaumishan", "displayName": "Ikqaumishan", "attribution": "Malkani 2023", "rawAttribution": "Malkani 2023", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=478417", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Gspsauridae", "Gspsaurinae", "Ikqaumishan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "437580", "437531", "437532", "478417" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. 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Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=391297", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Antarctica" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Imperobator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=391297" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "391297", "genus": "Imperobator", "occurrenceId": "702962", "collectionId": "75458", "identifiedName": "Imperobator antarcticus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Imperobator antarcticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69696", "collectionReferenceId": "25460", "cc": "AQ", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Snow Hill Island", "member": "Cape Lamb", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UCMP Locality RV-9502, The Naze, James Ross Island", "collection_aka": "Imperobator-type locality, CICYTTP-Pl 293, AC-26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "from the Naze, James Ross Island" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Imperobator" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "genus:391297" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391297" ], "candidateIds": [ "391297" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "478413", "name": "Imrankhanhero", "displayName": "Imrankhanhero", "attribution": "Malkani 2023", "rawAttribution": "Malkani 2023", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=478413", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Pakisauridae", "Isisaurinae", "Imrankhanhero" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "437580", "119548", "437508", "478413" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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[found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Nala Basti (Zubra) = Basti Nala (Zubra) Gumbrak, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Sites on peak and southern limb." }, { "genusId": "478413", "genus": "Imrankhanhero", "occurrenceId": "1638706", "collectionId": "26375", "identifiedName": "Imrankhanhero zilefatmi", "acceptedName": "Imrankhanhero zilefatmi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86250", "collectionReferenceId": "19228", "cc": "IN", "state": "Madhya Pradesh", "county": "Jabalpur", "formation": "Lameta", "member": "Mottled Nodular Marl", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bara Simla, Jabalpur [Sauropod Bed]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "belongs to the lowest and least nodular part of the Mottled Nodular Beds, about four feet above the Ossiferous Conglomerate", "geogcomments": "western slope of Bara Simla Hill, Jubbulpore (= Jabalpur). Bed outcrops 50 yards northeast of the Carnosaur Bed, and 100 yards from the bungalow and office of the Inspector of Gun Carriages and Vehicles, and adjoins the track leading up to the blockhouse that crowns the hill; on the grounds of the Gun Carriage Estate, on W slope of hill" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Later papers supply diagnoses, designated types and locality statements; old conference-name dates alone do not justify a nomen nudum cut. 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Diagnoses, type species, designated holotypes and repositories supplied; electronic availability versus print issuance still unverified.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Hans-Volker Karl, Amtyaz Safi and Gottfried Tichy", "year": 2025, "title": "A review of the fossil records of dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous from present-day Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scientific-reports.com/index.php/srls/article/download/191/181/713", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.16895340", "access": "Primary review full PDF read. Repeats taxa and source dates, but does not independently rediagnose overlapping Pakistani types.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ] } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Pakisauridae", "Isisaurinae", "Imrankhanhero" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Poripuchia", "clade:Pakisauridae", "clade:Isisaurinae", "genus:478413" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "478763", "name": "Inawentu", "displayName": "Inawentu", "attribution": "Filippi et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Filippi et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=478763", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Inawentu" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "58924", "478763" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=478763", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Inawentu", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=478763" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "478763", "genus": "Inawentu", "occurrenceId": "1639064", "collectionId": "176562", "identifiedName": "Inawentu oslatus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Inawentu oslatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86355", "collectionReferenceId": "58166", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Bajo de la Carpa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "La Invernada (Bajo de la Carpa)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "La Invernada area, 50 km (also said to be 35 km) SW of Rincón de los Sauces, northern Patagonia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Inawentu" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Eutitanosauria", "genus:478763" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66645", "58912", "304823", "478763", "442426", "358623" ], "candidateIds": [ "478763" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa", "neuquén" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · Neuquén · AR", "occurrenceId": "1639064", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Inawentu" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Argentinosaurus", "Bonitasaura", "Dreadnoughtus", "Menucocelsior", "Patagotitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Inawentu": [ "1639064" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "478763" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64890", "name": "Incisivosaurus", "displayName": "Incisivosaurus", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2002", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2002", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64890", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Incisivosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "64890" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Plant-compatible feeding specialisations; diet proportions not securely measured", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64890", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Incisivosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64890" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64890", "genus": "Incisivosaurus", "occurrenceId": "536659", "collectionId": "53493", "identifiedName": "Incisivosaurus gauthieri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Incisivosaurus gauthieri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12907", "collectionReferenceId": "14918", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal member of Yixian Formation = Member 1 = Lujiatun beds; 40Ar/39Ar age for bed is 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma.\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Lujiatun village (N 41° 36.201'; E 120° 54.793'), Shangyuan, Beipiao City" }, { "genusId": "64890", "genus": "Incisivosaurus", "occurrenceId": "877667", "collectionId": "36971", "identifiedName": "cf. Incisivosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Incisivosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33215", "collectionReferenceId": "9884", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Heishan", "formation": "Shahai", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Badaohao coal mine", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Coordinates are taken from Badaohao city. Fossils from a small coal mine in Badaohao." }, { "genusId": "64890", "genus": "Incisivosaurus", "occurrenceId": "877671", "collectionId": "97422", "identifiedName": "cf. Incisivosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Incisivosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33215", "collectionReferenceId": "33215", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Fuxin", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Dongfang #1 coal mine, Fuxin", "collection_aka": "Fusin", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dongfang #1, small coal mine in area of Fuxin city" }, { "genusId": "64890", "genus": "Incisivosaurus", "occurrenceId": "877673", "collectionId": "97423", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38591", "name": "Indosaurus", "displayName": "Indosaurus", "attribution": "Huene 1933", "rawAttribution": "Huene 1933", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38591", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Carnotaurinae", "Majungasaurini", "Indosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "54527", "285747", "38591" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "378702", "name": "Ingentia", "displayName": "Ingentia", "attribution": "Apaldetti et al. 2018", "rawAttribution": "Apaldetti et al. 2018", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=378702", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Lessemsauridae", "Ingentia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "378704", "378702" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=378702", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ingentia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=378702" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "378702", "genus": "Ingentia", "occurrenceId": "1421955", "collectionId": "176414", "identifiedName": "Ingentia prima n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ingentia prima", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67318", "collectionReferenceId": "58021", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "Caucete Department", "formation": "Quebrada del Barro", "member": "", "geological_group": "Marayes", "collection_name": "Balde de Leyes (Norian, Quebrada del Barro)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A recent stratigraphic revision (Martinez et al., 2013 (ref. 58021)- supplementary information) proposes that the upper horizon of the Quebrada del Barro containing Leyasaurus marayensis should be classified as a separate stratigraphic unit from the other (lower) horizons of the Quebrada del Barro. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=375361", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Invictarx", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=375361" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "375361", "genus": "Invictarx", "occurrenceId": "1416047", "collectionId": "195787", "identifiedName": "Invictarx zephyri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Invictarx zephyri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66640", "collectionReferenceId": "66640", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Menefee", "member": "Allison", "geological_group": "Mesaverde", "collection_name": "Invictarx type locality", "collection_aka": "Juans Lake Beds", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Allison Member", "geogcomments": "no data given beyond county" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Invictarx" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:375361" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "375361" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "menefee", "new mexico" ], "label": "Menefee Formation · New Mexico · US", "occurrenceId": "1416047", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Invictarx" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Invictarx": [ "1416047" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "375361" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "423007", "name": "Irisosaurus", "displayName": "Irisosaurus", "attribution": "Peyre de Fabrègues et al. 2020", "rawAttribution": "Peyre de Fabrègues et al. 2020", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=423007", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Irisosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "423007" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Sauropodiformes › Irisosaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Plant dependence is broadly supported by craniodental evolution; feeding specialisation varies and exclusivity is not assumed.", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=351536", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Isaberrysaura", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=351536" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "351536", "genus": "Isaberrysaura", "occurrenceId": "1360627", "collectionId": "184943", "identifiedName": "Isaberrysaura mollensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Isaberrysaura mollensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62027", "collectionReferenceId": "62027", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Los Molles", "member": "", "geological_group": "Cuyo", "collection_name": "Los Molles", "collection_aka": "Isaberrysaura type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "40 m below contact with overlying Lajas Fm.", "geogcomments": "just south of Los Molles" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Huayangosauridae", "Isaberrysaura" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Huayangosauridae", "genus:351536" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "351536" ], "candidateIds": [ "351536" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65147", "name": "Isanosaurus", "displayName": "Isanosaurus", "attribution": "Buffetaut et al. 2000", "rawAttribution": "Buffetaut et al. 2000", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65147", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Isanosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "65147" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Broad period only. EarlyJurassic favoured; exactstage notfinalised BroadJurassic clue admissible with qualification; no hardTriassic/exactnumeric or Early-vsMiddle subdivision eliminator.; Do not applyMiddleJurassic age or hatchlinglocality from newunnamedjuveniles automatically to namedtype.", "references": [ { "title": "McPhee et al. (2017), The sauropodomorph biostratigraphy of the Elliot Formation", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.4202/app.00377.2017", "url": "https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app62/app003772017.pdf", "access": "Existing preserved full-paper review p.449 plus fresh publisher indexed full-text confirmation of Early Jurassic Isanosaurus" }, { "title": "Tong et al. (2024; online2023), Hatchling and Early Juvenile of Early Sauropod from the Early Middle Jurassic Nam Phong Formation", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.2517/PR230002", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2517/PR230002", "access": "Primary publisher indexed discussion read; no complete original PDF obtained" }, { "title": "The largest sauropodomorph skull from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation of China (2024)", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.18629", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11646418/", "access": "Primary indexed full-text passage supports likely Jurassic Isanosaurus horizon and variable Sauropoda boundary placement" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Positive source and literature localities, including qualified historical alternatives. BroadJurassic clue admissible with qualification; no hardTriassic/exactnumeric or Early-vsMiddle subdivision eliminator.; Do not applyMiddleJurassic age or hatchlinglocality from newunnamedjuveniles automatically to namedtype.", "references": [ { "title": "McPhee et al. (2017), The sauropodomorph biostratigraphy of the Elliot Formation", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.4202/app.00377.2017", "url": "https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app62/app003772017.pdf", "access": "Existing preserved full-paper review p.449 plus fresh publisher indexed full-text confirmation of Early Jurassic Isanosaurus" }, { "title": "Tong et al. (2024; online2023), Hatchling and Early Juvenile of Early Sauropod from the Early Middle Jurassic Nam Phong Formation", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.2517/PR230002", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2517/PR230002", "access": "Primary publisher indexed discussion read; no complete original PDF obtained" }, { "title": "The largest sauropodomorph skull from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation of China (2024)", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.18629", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11646418/", "access": "Primary indexed full-text passage supports likely Jurassic Isanosaurus horizon and variable Sauropoda boundary placement" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65147", "genus": "Isanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487267", "collectionId": "48871", "identifiedName": "Isanosaurus attavipachi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Isanosaurus attavipachi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13033", "collectionReferenceId": "13033", "cc": "TH", "state": "Chaiyaphum", "county": "", "formation": "Nam Phong", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Phu Nok Khian (Nam Phong)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nam Phong Formation has been dated as late Norian–Rhaetian on the basis of palynomorphs (Racey et al. 1996. Journal of Petroleum Geology 19: 5–40), although new data based on subsurface observations and palynology suggests that the formation should be split into lower and upper parts, and that the upper part may be Jurassic in age, and possibly even Late Jurassic (Racey & Goodall 2009. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 315: 69-83). At outcrop, only Norian-Rhaetian palynomorphs have yet beeen recovered, and so a Late Triassic age is retained for the vertebrate remains at present\r\n\r\nLaojumpon et al. (2017) argue for an earliest Jurassic age instead for the upper part of this formation", "geogcomments": "Phu Nok Khian hill, near Ban Non Thaworn village, Chaiyaphum province, Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "BroadJurassic clue admissible with qualification; no hardTriassic/exactnumeric or Early-vsMiddle subdivision eliminator.; Do not applyMiddleJurassic age or hatchlinglocality from newunnamedjuveniles automatically to namedtype.", "references": [ { "title": "McPhee et al. (2017), The sauropodomorph biostratigraphy of the Elliot Formation", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.4202/app.00377.2017", "url": "https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app62/app003772017.pdf", "access": "Existing preserved full-paper review p.449 plus fresh publisher indexed full-text confirmation of Early Jurassic Isanosaurus" }, { "title": "Tong et al. 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In the Nand-Dongargaon Basin" }, { "genusId": "64313", "genus": "Isisaurus", "occurrenceId": "572950", "collectionId": "60170", "identifiedName": "? Isisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Isisaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79455", "collectionReferenceId": "18870", "cc": "IN", "state": "Gujarat", "county": "Kachchh", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Anjar pit BG1, Kachchh", "collection_aka": "Vidi, Viri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of the intertrappean, bed no. 3, between Deccan flows III and IV, dated between 65.3±0.6 and 65.1±1.5 my\r\nC29r", "geogcomments": "about 3.5 km S of Anjar, near the E margin of 0.90 in toposheet 41 I/4\r\n∼1.5 km south of Vidi (Viri), near Anjar, Kutch district, Gujarat, India" }, { "genusId": "64313", "genus": "Isisaurus", "occurrenceId": "862294", "collectionId": "95807", "identifiedName": "Isisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Isisaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79454", "collectionReferenceId": "33029", "cc": "IN", "state": "Gujarat", "county": "Kheda", "formation": "Lameta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rahioli Village", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Specimens derive from a single 50 m^2 bonebed quarry in the Lameta Formation \"mudstone unit\"", "geogcomments": "Near Rahioli village, Kheda District, Gujarat, western India, ca. 200 m NW of the GSI excavations at Rahioli" }, { "genusId": "64313", "genus": "Isisaurus", "occurrenceId": "950134", "collectionId": "26370", "identifiedName": "Isisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Isisaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27712", "collectionReferenceId": "19594", "cc": "IN", "state": "Maharashtra", "county": "Chanda", "formation": "Lameta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pisdura Hill (claystone)", "collection_aka": "Phizdura, PIS 1, PIS 2", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "infratrappean\r\nC29r", "geogcomments": "from a ploughed field E of village of Pisdura, S extremity of Pisdura Hill, Chanda district, Central Provinces (now Maharashtra), India. 16 km NW of Dongargaon, 200 miles from Jubbulpore. This collection subsumes all the collections from this general area aside from the microvertebrate sites. Therefore it includes sites PIS 1 and PIS 2 of Mohabey et al. 2011." }, { "genusId": "64313", "genus": "Isisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1563671", "collectionId": "79427", "identifiedName": "Isisaurus colberti", "acceptedName": "Isisaurus colberti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76866", "collectionReferenceId": "26327", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Nala Basti, DL-7 (Zubra Gambrak)", "collection_aka": "PDL-7, Basti Nala, Zubra Gumbrak, Zubra Peak 7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Nala Basti (Zubra) = Basti Nala (Zubra) Gumbrak, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Sites on peak and southern limb." }, { "genusId": "64313", "genus": "Isisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1563672", "collectionId": "78055", "identifiedName": "Isisaurus colberti", "acceptedName": "Isisaurus colberti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76866", "collectionReferenceId": "37333", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkham", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Sangiali Kali Kakor, DL-1 (eastern)", "collection_aka": "PDL-1, Vitakri, mid Sangiali", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... upper Pab Formation, just below or on the boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene).\"", "geogcomments": "eastern site along Kali Kakor stream near Sangiali village, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. 3 subsites - eastern, western, and southern." }, { "genusId": "64313", "genus": "Isisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1587035", "collectionId": "224243", "identifiedName": "Titanosaurus colberti", "acceptedName": "Isisaurus colberti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79453", "collectionReferenceId": "79453", "cc": "IN", "state": "Madhya Pradesh", "county": "Betul", "formation": "Lameta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Salbardi", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "at Salbardi (lat. 21°25′15′′N, long. 78°00′00′′E), at the boundary of Amra- vati district, Maharashtra and Betul district, Madhya Pradesh" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Saltasauroidea", "Isisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "clade:Saltasauroidea", "genus:64313" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64313" ], "candidateIds": [ "64313" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "443778", "name": "Issi", "displayName": "Issi", "attribution": "Beccari et al. 2021", "rawAttribution": "Beccari et al. 2021", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=443778", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Plateosauridae", "Issi" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "54157", "443778" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Plateosauridae › Issi; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Infer predominantly plant-based feeding in the plateosaurid bracket.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=443778", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Issi", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=443778" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "443778", "genus": "Issi", "occurrenceId": "283860", "collectionId": "26996", "identifiedName": "Issi saaneq n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Issi saaneq", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78483", "collectionReferenceId": "7466", "cc": "GL", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Malmros Klint", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fleming Fjord", "collection_name": "Iron Cake site, northern flank of Macknight Bjerg", "collection_aka": "area V", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost part of Malmros Klint Fm.; according to the age model of Kent and Clemmensen\r\n(2021), this site has an age of 214 Ma (mid Norian)", "geogcomments": "“Iron Cake” site, northern flank of Macknight Bjerg, Jameson Land, Greenland" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Plateosauridae", "Issi" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Plateosauridae", "genus:443778" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443778", "38644" ], "candidateIds": [ "443778", "38644" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "516717", "name": "Istiorachis", "displayName": "Istiorachis", "attribution": "Lockwood et al. 2025", "rawAttribution": "Lockwood et al. 2025", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=516717", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Istiorachis" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "516717" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=516717", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Istiorachis", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=516717" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "516717", "genus": "Istiorachis", "occurrenceId": "2043329", "collectionId": "55518", "identifiedName": "Istiorachis macarthurae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Istiorachis macarthurae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93556", "collectionReferenceId": "14982", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "100 m east of Grange Chine (bed L11)", "collection_aka": "Eotyrannus type, Istiorachis type, Black Band", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"the ‘Black Band’ (bed L11 in Stewart 1978), a plant debris bed\"", "geogcomments": "c. 100 m east of Grange Chine" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Istiorachis" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "genus:516717" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "473968", "251719", "516717", "434122", "519177", "374117" ], "candidateIds": [ "516717" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UK", "wessex" ], "label": "Wessex Formation · UK", "occurrenceId": "2043329", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Istiorachis" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Calvarius", "Delapparentia", "Magnamanus", "Paulodon", "Riabininohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Istiorachis": [ "2043329" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "516717" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=390654", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Itapeuasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=390654" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "390654", "genus": "Itapeuasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1456184", "collectionId": "203122", "identifiedName": "Itapeuasaurus cajapioensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Itapeuasaurus cajapioensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69634", "collectionReferenceId": "89911", "cc": "BR", "state": "Maranhão", "county": "", "formation": "Alcântara", "member": "", "geological_group": "Itapecuru", "collection_name": "Itapeua beach", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Itapeua beach, Cajapió municipality, northern Maranhão State" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Rebbachisauridae", "Khebbashia", "Rebbachisaurinae", "Itapeuasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Rebbachisauridae", "clade:Khebbashia", "clade:Rebbachisaurinae", "genus:390654" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "390654" ], "candidateIds": [ "390654" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38626", "name": "Itemirus", "displayName": "Itemirus", "attribution": "Kurzanov 1976", "rawAttribution": "Kurzanov 1976", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38626", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Dromaeosaurinae", "Itemirus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "143994", "54552", "38626" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38626", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Itemirus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38626" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38626", "genus": "Itemirus", "occurrenceId": "1247392", "collectionId": "75943", "identifiedName": "Itemirus medullaris n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Itemirus medullaris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13891", "collectionReferenceId": "25546", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dzharakuduk II (general)", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk, Djira-Kuduk, Itemir (error)", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle-upper Turonian (Averianov 2007)", "geogcomments": "Dzhyrakuduk (Dzharakuduk), near Bukhara, central Kyzylkum Desert, 50 km W of Bukan-tau. \"Dzharakuduk II\" is a complex of sites within an overall outcrop; this locality includes specimens not assigned to individual sites within the complex. Note that this locality was listed as \"Dzhara-Kuduk (Itermir)\" by Kurzanov (1976), apparently in error." }, { "genusId": "38626", "genus": "Itemirus", "occurrenceId": "1269303", "collectionId": "58166", "identifiedName": "Itemirus medullaris", "acceptedName": "Itemirus medullaris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53745", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-5a, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, TsBI-5a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 67 m above the base of the formation, 10 m above CBI-14", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area" }, { "genusId": "38626", "genus": "Itemirus", "occurrenceId": "1269305", "collectionId": "58168", "identifiedName": "Itemirus medullaris", "acceptedName": "Itemirus medullaris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53745", "collectionReferenceId": "38131", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-14, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk; Dzhara-Kuduk, Dzhirakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk, Kul’beke, TsBI-14", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 57 m above the base of the formation", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area, 32 km SW of Mynbulak" }, { "genusId": "38626", "genus": "Itemirus", "occurrenceId": "1269306", "collectionId": "46959", "identifiedName": "Itemirus medullaris", "acceptedName": "Itemirus medullaris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53745", "collectionReferenceId": "64195", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CDZh-17a, Dzharakuduk II, Kulbeke", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 26 m above base\r\n\r\nAlso described as Taykarshinskaya beds.", "geogcomments": "Dzhyrakuduk (Dzharakuduk), near Bukhara, central Kyzylkum Desert, Kulbeke spring" }, { "genusId": "38626", "genus": "Itemirus", "occurrenceId": "1269307", "collectionId": "58159", "identifiedName": "Itemirus medullaris", "acceptedName": "Itemirus medullaris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53745", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CDZh-14a, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower part of the formation", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Dromaeosaurinae", "Itemirus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Eudromaeosauria", "clade:Dromaeosaurinae", "genus:38626" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38566", "38626" ], "candidateIds": [ "38566", "38626" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "461744", "name": "Iyuku", "displayName": "Iyuku", "attribution": "Forster et al. 2022", "rawAttribution": "Forster et al. 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=461744", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Iyuku" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "461744" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=461744", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Iyuku", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=461744" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "461744", "genus": "Iyuku", "occurrenceId": "1605532", "collectionId": "227048", "identifiedName": "Iyuku raathi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Iyuku raathi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82470", "collectionReferenceId": "82470", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Sarah Baartman", "formation": "Kirkwood", "member": "", "geological_group": "Uitenhage", "collection_name": "Kirkwood Cliffs ‘Lookout’, Kirkwood Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) Kirkwood Formation, uppermost member, paleosol facies; located 51 m up the exposed sequence at Kirkwood Lookout", "geogcomments": "Kirkwood Quarry is one of several bone-bearing portions of the larger Kirkwood Lookout exposures, which constitute the stratotype section of the formation. The quarry is \"about three quarters from the top of the left-hand side of the Kirkwood Lookout exposures.\" 2.65 km S of town of Kirkwood, equivalent to \"Site 6\" of Rich et al. 1983." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Iyuku" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "genus:461744" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "461744" ], "candidateIds": [ "461744" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "479065", "name": "Jaculinykus", "displayName": "Jaculinykus", "attribution": "Kubo et al. 2023", "rawAttribution": "Kubo et al. 2023", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=479065", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Parvicursorinae", "Jaculinykus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "162354", "64116", "68181", "479065" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. Animal-based feeding is the broad guild; later derived small forms may specialise on insects. Insectivore is a qualified subtype, not proof of exclusively ants or termites. Explicit early-genus profiles override this rule.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] }, { "id": "G3", "title": "Growth and miniaturization among alvarezsauroid dinosaurs", "authors": "Qin et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "citation verified in D6; full paper not read in this task", "dietSupport": "Used only as background for the later miniaturisation/insectivory hypothesis; not sufficient alone to assign a particular genus an exclusive insect diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=479065", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Jaculinykus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=479065" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Kubo et al. (2023), A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0293801", "access": "full primary text" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "479065", "genus": "Jaculinykus", "occurrenceId": "1639584", "collectionId": "174155", "identifiedName": "Jaculinykus yaruui n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Jaculinykus yaruui", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86504", "collectionReferenceId": "56834", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Walls, Nemegt", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost part of formation", "geogcomments": "near Red Walls, eastern Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "479065", "genus": "Jaculinykus", "cc": "MN", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-1", "formation": "Baruungoyot" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Parvicursorinae", "Jaculinykus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "alvarezsaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Add conventional maniraptoran ancestors; this is chosen game topology, not proof every competing high-level analysis is false.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Alvarezsauria", "clade:Alvarezsauroidea", "clade:Alvarezsauridae", "clade:Parvicursorinae", "genus:479065" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot", "omnogov" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "1639584", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ceratonykus", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 5, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ceratonykus": [ "809197" ], "Jaculinykus": [ "1639584" ], "Khulsanurus": [ "1604958" ], "Ondogurvel": [ "1593675" ], "Parvicursor": [ "283992" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "81766", "name": "Jainosaurus", "displayName": "Jainosaurus", "attribution": "Hunt et al. 1995", "rawAttribution": "Hunt et al. 1995", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81766", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Jainosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "71974", "81766" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81766", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Jainosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81766" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "81766", "genus": "Jainosaurus", "occurrenceId": "276699", "collectionId": "26375", "identifiedName": "Antarctosaurus septentrionalis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Jainosaurus septentrionalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7271", "collectionReferenceId": "19228", "cc": "IN", "state": "Madhya Pradesh", "county": "Jabalpur", "formation": "Lameta", "member": "Mottled Nodular Marl", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bara Simla, Jabalpur [Sauropod Bed]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "belongs to the lowest and least nodular part of the Mottled Nodular Beds, about four feet above the Ossiferous Conglomerate", "geogcomments": "western slope of Bara Simla Hill, Jubbulpore (= Jabalpur). Bed outcrops 50 yards northeast of the Carnosaur Bed, and 100 yards from the bungalow and office of the Inspector of Gun Carriages and Vehicles, and adjoins the track leading up to the blockhouse that crowns the hill; on the grounds of the Gun Carriage Estate, on W slope of hill" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Jainosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "genus:81766" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "81766" ], "candidateIds": [ "38685", "81766" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "472260", "name": "Jakapil", "displayName": "Jakapil", "attribution": "Riguetti et al. 2022", "rawAttribution": "Riguetti et al. 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=472260", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Jakapil" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "472260" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=472260", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Jakapil", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=472260" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "472260", "genus": "Jakapil", "occurrenceId": "1626563", "collectionId": "206599", "identifiedName": "Jakapil kaniukura n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Jakapil kaniukura", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84807", "collectionReferenceId": "76338", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Candeleros", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Cerro Policía", "collection_aka": "La Buitrera Paleontological Area, LBPA, Cerro Policia", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The outcrops exposed at the LBPA belong to the upper section of the Candeleros Formation, the basal unit of the Neuquén Group, which is considered to have accumulated during the Cenomanian\r\nWithin each of these localities, snake remains were recovered from a large number of different sublocalities, sites, or one-off quarries.", "geogcomments": "All the specimens of Najash come from the LBPA, a vast area in the Río Negro province (northern Patagonia, Argentina), northwest of the town of Cerro Policía, which includes within its extension a number of paleontological localities: La Buitrera, Cerro Policía, El Loro, La Escondida, and El Pueblito. This locality is Cerro Policia, named for a prominent hill in the southern part of the LBPA." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Jakapil" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "genus:472260" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "472260" ], "candidateIds": [ "472260" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "243276", "name": "Jaklapallisaurus", "displayName": "Jaklapallisaurus", "attribution": "Novas et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Novas et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243276", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Unaysauridae", "Jaklapallisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "378958", "243276" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Unaysauridae › Jaklapallisaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Use a nearer core/late-diverging sauropodomorph bracket, never Sauropodomorpha alone.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "D17", "title": "Sauropodomorph evolution across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary: body size, locomotion, and their influence on morphological disparity", "authors": "Apaldetti et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01120-w", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01120-w", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; ecological transitions and phylogenetic context read", "dietSupport": "Sauropodomorph trophic diversification and shift towards large plant-feeding forms; supports temporal/clade context, not direct diets for each named genus.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view4" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243276", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Jaklapallisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243276" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "243276", "genus": "Jaklapallisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1066208", "collectionId": "131836", "identifiedName": "Jaklapallisaurus asymmetrica n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Jaklapallisaurus asymmetrica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42497", "collectionReferenceId": "42497", "cc": "IN", "state": "Andhra Pradesh", "county": "", "formation": "Maleri", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Gondwana", "collection_name": "3 km north of Jaklapalli village (ISIR 274)", "collection_aka": "Pranhita–Godavari Basin", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The upper Maleri Formation overlies the lower Maleri and underlies the lower Dharmaram Formation. The underlying lower Maleri Formation has been correlated on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy with the Scaphonyx-Exaeretodon-Herrerasaurus biozone of the Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina and the Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone of the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil (e.g. Novas et al. 2011. Earth Env. Sci. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. 101:333-349). The relevant part of the Ischigualasto Formation has been dated as late Carnian in age on radioisotopic data (e.g. Martinez et al. 2011. Science 331: 206-210), and the lower Maleri Formation is commonly considered equivalent in age. As a result, the overlying upper Maleri is likely Norian in age. ", "geogcomments": "Latitude and longitude derived from map in Figure 1. about 3 km N of Jaklapalli village." }, { "genusId": "243276", "genus": "Jaklapallisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1066214", "collectionId": "131840", "identifiedName": "Jaklapallisaurus asymmetrica", "acceptedName": "Jaklapallisaurus asymmetrica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42497", "collectionReferenceId": "42497", "cc": "IN", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Dharmaram", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Gondwana", "collection_name": "1 km northeast of Rampur (ISIR 279/280)", "collection_aka": "Pranhita–Godavari Basin", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "The lower Dharmaram Formation overlies the upper Maleri Formation of Norian age and contains typical Triassic pseudosuchians (aetosaurs, phytosaurs) but lacks rhynchosaurs and therapsids. As a result, the Dharmaram is inferred to be of late Norian to Rhaetian age. ", "geogcomments": "Site located 1 km NE of Rampur village" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Unaysauridae", "Jaklapallisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Unaysauridae", "genus:243276" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "243276" ], "candidateIds": [ "243276" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66641", "name": "Janenschia", "displayName": "Janenschia", "attribution": "Wild 1991", "rawAttribution": "Wild 1991", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66641", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Janenschia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "66641" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66641", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Janenschia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66641" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66641", "genus": "Janenschia", "occurrenceId": "475142", "collectionId": "47139", "identifiedName": "Gigantosaurus robustus", "acceptedName": "Janenschia robusta", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12585", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru Quarry P", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "at Nterego, 1.2 km NNE of Tendaguru Hill, near Quarry D" }, { "genusId": "66641", "genus": "Janenschia", "occurrenceId": "475245", "collectionId": "47154", "identifiedName": "Gigantosaurus robustus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Janenschia robusta", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51607", "collectionReferenceId": "51607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru Quarry B", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "approximately 900 m southeast of Tendaguru Hill and 250 m SE of quarry A" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Janenschia" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "genus:66641" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66641", "57435", "65915" ], "candidateIds": [ "66641", "57435", "65915" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38773", "name": "Jaxartosaurus", "displayName": "Jaxartosaurus", "attribution": "Riabinin 1937", "rawAttribution": "Riabinin 1937", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38773", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Jaxartosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53394", "38773" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38773", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38773", "genus": "Jaxartosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520730", "collectionId": "53132", "identifiedName": "Jaxartosaurus aralensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Jaxartosaurus aralensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15559", "collectionReferenceId": "57423", "cc": "KZ", "state": "Turkistan", "county": "", "formation": "Dabrazhin", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kyrkkuduk I (Dabrazhin)", "collection_aka": "Kyrk-Kuduk, Sary-Agach, Chingeldy ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Nessov (1997) noted that trionychid remains, probably, come from the Syuk-Syuk Formation rather than from Darbaza Formation (= Darbazin Svita) as indicated by Kordikova (1994).", "geogcomments": "near Sary-Agach (Chengel'dy) railway station, Kyrk-Kuduk region, near Alym-Tau range, southern Kazakhstan\n\nVitke & Danilov (2012): Kyrkkuduk I locality (= Sary-Agach, Riabinin 1938 = area of Kyrkkuduk Well, Danilov and Vitek 2009, in press), area about 2 km in length along the northern slope of Alymtau Ridge, 6–7 km south from the well and also 3–5 km south-west from the well, Circum-Tashkent Chul, South Kazakhstan Province, Syuk-Syuk Formation and, probably, the lower part of the Darbaza Formation, Santonian – ?middle Campanian (Nessov 1997)." }, { "genusId": "38773", "genus": "Jaxartosaurus", "occurrenceId": "880108", "collectionId": "97614", "identifiedName": "Yaxartosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Jaxartosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33322", "collectionReferenceId": "33322", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Ulungar", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ermuchang", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "also ascribed to Honglishan Fm. in same paper; name = Wulungo Fm.", "geogcomments": "near Ermuchang, northern Junggar Basin, along Ulungur River" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Jaxartosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Lambeosaurinae", "genus:38773" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64250", "38769", "38773", "271587", "38775", "72094", "38778" ], "candidateIds": [ "38773" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "ulungar" ], "label": "Ulungar Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "880108", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jaxartosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Amurosaurus", "Aralosaurus", "Kazaklambia", "Nipponosaurus", "Olorotitan", "Tsintaosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jaxartosaurus": [ "880108" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38773" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68236", "name": "Jeholosaurus", "displayName": "Jeholosaurus", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2000", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2000", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68236", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Jeholosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "64386", "68236" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68236", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Jeholosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68236" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68236", "genus": "Jeholosaurus", "occurrenceId": "536670", "collectionId": "53493", "identifiedName": "Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14918", "collectionReferenceId": "14918", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal member of Yixian Formation = Member 1 = Lujiatun beds; 40Ar/39Ar age for bed is 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma.\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Lujiatun village (N 41° 36.201'; E 120° 54.793'), Shangyuan, Beipiao City" }, { "genusId": "68236", "genus": "Jeholosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1657972", "collectionId": "235272", "identifiedName": "? Jeholosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Jeholosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "88670", "collectionReferenceId": "88670", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Ningcheng", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Duanjiagou, Xidayingzi Village", "collection_aka": "Ningchengodon foxi locality; Bisiyingzi", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "radiometric dating of main fossiliferous tuff (40Ar/39AR) = 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma\n\"The absolute geological age has been constrained to 125.7 ± 1.5 Ma using U–Pb zircon dating analyzed by CA-ID-IRMS\"", "geogcomments": "Duanjiagou, Bisiyingzi, Ningcheng, Chifeng, southeastern Inner Mongolia, China (41°24′45.78″N, 119°7′10.31″E)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Jeholosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Thescelosauridae", "genus:68236" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68236" ], "candidateIds": [ "68236" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=168389", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Jeyawati", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=168389" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "168389", "genus": "Jeyawati", "occurrenceId": "516844", "collectionId": "52361", "identifiedName": "Jeyawati rugoculus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Jeyawati rugoculus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32770", "collectionReferenceId": "13881", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Catron", "formation": "Moreno Hill", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Two Rocks Balanced (MSM loc 98-61)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Probably Collignoniceras woollgari Zone + \"basal middle-Turonian\"; \"lower member\"", "geogcomments": "southern Zuni Basin; \"MSM Locality No. 98-61, Catron County, New Mexico, U.S.A.\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Jeyawati" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=523876", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Jian", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=523876" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "523876", "genus": "Jian", "occurrenceId": "2070809", "collectionId": "62293", "identifiedName": "Jian changmaensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Jian changmaensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "95763", "collectionReferenceId": "41009", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "", "formation": "Xiagou", "member": "", "geological_group": "Xinminbao", "collection_name": "Changma, Yumen", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation (\"third layer\")\r\n\"Xiagou Formation, the lower unit of the Xinminpu Group (Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Gansu Province 1989, 1997; Tang et al. 2001)...The age of the Xiagou Formation has been interpreted as Aptian on the basis of studies of stable carbon isotope chemostratigraphy (Suarez et al. 2008)\" (Brinkman et al. 2013)", "geogcomments": "near village of Changma, Jiuquan area\nCoordinates taken from Zhou et al. (2026)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Microraptorinae", "Jian" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Microraptorinae", "genus:523876" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "299732", "146456", "523876", "68238", "96499", "68204", "391290" ], "candidateIds": [ "523876" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "xiagou" ], "label": "Xiagou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "2070809", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jian" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Changyuraptor", "Graciliraptor", "Microraptor", "Shanag", "Sinornithosaurus", "Zhongjianosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jian": [ "2070809" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "523876" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=477081", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Jiangxititan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=477081" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "477081", "genus": "Jiangxititan", "occurrenceId": "1635258", "collectionId": "231861", "identifiedName": "Jiangxititan ganzhouensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Jiangxititan ganzhouensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85823", "collectionReferenceId": "85823", "cc": "CN", "state": "Jiangxi", "county": "Ganzhou", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Nanxiong", "collection_name": "Tankou Town, Nankang", "collection_aka": "Ganzhou City", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Tankou Town, Nankang County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, southern China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Jiangxititan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "genus:477081" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "273049", "477081" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "jiangxi" ], "label": "Jiangxi · CN", "occurrenceId": "1635258", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gannansaurus", "Jiangxititan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Dzharatitanis", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Liubangosaurus", "Sibirotitan", "Sonidosaurus", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gannansaurus": [ "1151788" ], "Jiangxititan": [ "1635258" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "273049", "477081" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "379315", "name": "Jianianhualong", "displayName": "Jianianhualong", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2017", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=379315", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Sinovenatorinae", "Jianianhualong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "372128", "379315" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=379315", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Jianianhualong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=379315" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "379315", "genus": "Jianianhualong", "occurrenceId": "1439337", "collectionId": "67611", "identifiedName": "Jianianhualong tengi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Jianianhualong tengi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67478", "collectionReferenceId": "19265", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Yixian", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Dakangpu", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Baicaigou, Toutai", "collection_aka": "Jonzhou, Baitaigou, Baicai Gou", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "middle part of formation, originally assigned to Yixian Fm., comparable to Dawangzhangzi Bed. \"middle part\" of formation.\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Baicaigou (= Baitaigou), Toutai, approx. 11 km N of Yizhou, Jinzhou region, western Liaoning; Jinzhou city, Yixian county" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Sinovenatorinae", "Jianianhualong" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Sinovenatorinae", "genus:379315" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "379315", "68249", "64888" ], "candidateIds": [ "379315", "68249", "64888" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "424531", "name": "Jinbeisaurus", "displayName": "Jinbeisaurus", "attribution": "Wu et al. 2020", "rawAttribution": "Wu et al. 2020", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=424531", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Jinbeisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "424531" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=424531", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Jinbeisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=424531" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "424531", "genus": "Jinbeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1521049", "collectionId": "212637", "identifiedName": "Jinbeisaurus wangi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Jinbeisaurus wangi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73450", "collectionReferenceId": "73450", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shanxi", "county": "Tianzhen", "formation": "Huiquanpu", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Yangjiayao", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the Huiquanpu Formation", "geogcomments": "Yangjiayao, Tianzhen County, Datong City, Shanxi Province, China; about five km northeast of the Kangdailiang Quarry" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Jinbeisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "genus:424531" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38610", "58835", "424531", "509676", "154174", "348490", "146099" ], "candidateIds": [ "424531" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "shanxi" ], "label": "Shanxi · CN", "occurrenceId": "1521049", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jinbeisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Alectrosaurus", "Dilong", "Khankhuuluu", "Raptorex", "Timurlengia", "Xiongguanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jinbeisaurus": [ "1521049" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "424531" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "519530", "name": "Jinchuanloong", "displayName": "Jinchuanloong", "attribution": "Li et al. 2025", "rawAttribution": "Li et al. 2025", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519530", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Jinchuanloong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "519530" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519530", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Jinchuanloong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519530" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "519530", "genus": "Jinchuanloong", "occurrenceId": "2063458", "collectionId": "278621", "identifiedName": "Jinchuanloong niedu n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Jinchuanloong niedu", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94633", "collectionReferenceId": "94633", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "", "formation": "Xinhe", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jinchuan District", "collection_aka": "Jinchuanloong type locality", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Jinchuanloong" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "genus:519530" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "52769", "67549", "514503", "519530", "270395", "38660" ], "candidateIds": [ "519530" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "xinhe" ], "label": "Xinhe Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "2063458", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jinchuanloong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Datousaurus", "Ferganasaurus", "Huashanosaurus", "Nebulasaurus", "Shunosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jinchuanloong": [ "2063458" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "519530" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "156161", "name": "Jinfengopteryx", "displayName": "Jinfengopteryx", "attribution": "Ji et al. 2005", "rawAttribution": "Ji et al. 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=156161", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Jinfengopteryginae", "Jinfengopteryx" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "433872", "156161" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. 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Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "72320", "name": "Juravenator", "displayName": "Juravenator", "attribution": "Göhlich and Chiappe 2006", "rawAttribution": "Göhlich and Chiappe 2006", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=72320", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Juravenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "72320" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Genus recurved serrated teeth support animal-based feeding.", "references": [ { "id": "DE9", "title": "Anatomy of Juravenator starki (Theropoda: Coelurosauria) from the Late Jurassic of Germany", "authors": "Chiappe and Göhlich", "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0125", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233646797_Anatomy_of_Juravenator_starki_Theropoda_Coelurosauria_from_the_Late_Jurassic_of_Germany", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Author-uploaded original full text; dentition section read", "dietSupport": "Juravenator has recurved posterior teeth with distal serrations, supplying genus-specific predatory anatomy.", "webRefs": [ "turn674view2", "turn676view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-inferred", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=72320", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Juravenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=72320" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "72320", "genus": "Juravenator", "occurrenceId": "565780", "collectionId": "59175", "identifiedName": "Juravenator starki n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Juravenator starki", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16916", "collectionReferenceId": "27128", "cc": "DE", "state": "Bayern", "county": "Eichstätt", "formation": "Painten", "member": "", "geological_group": "Weißjura", "collection_name": "Stark Quarry, Schamhaupten", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Malm Epsilon 2 (setatum subzone), Weissjura epsilon; listed as both Solnhofen Formation, and as Painten Fm./Schamhaupten Subformation, \"Profilschicht E3\". 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The age of this locality has been revised in Moyano-Paz et al., 2022. The Chorrillo Formation in Argentina is correlated to the nearby and coeval Dorotea Formation in Chile.", "geogcomments": "30 km SW of El Calafate" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Unenlagiidae", "Kank" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "520479", "rationale": "Repair missing theropod/coelurosaur/paravian ancestors without forcing Unenlagiidae inside Dromaeosauridae.", "references": [ { "id": "motta2026", "title": "New unenlagiid from the Chorrillo Formation", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2026.2656456", "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2026.2656456", "year": 2026, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Kank an unenlagiid paravian; not outside coelurosaurs as captured shallow source ancestry implies." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Unenlagiidae", "genus:520479" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "520479" ], "candidateIds": [ "520479" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66006", "name": "Karongasaurus", "displayName": "Karongasaurus", "attribution": "Gomani 2005", "rawAttribution": "Gomani 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66006", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Karongasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "66006" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38811", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Kentrosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38811" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/kentrosaurus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475149", "collectionId": "47143", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry X", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "1.0 km SSE of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475152", "collectionId": "47144", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12562", "collectionReferenceId": "12560", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry H", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Transitional Sands = base of Upper Saurian Bed (former name of member)", "geogcomments": "1.3 km NE of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475159", "collectionId": "47145", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry IX", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Transitional Sands = base of member", "geogcomments": "1.4 km NE of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475241", "collectionId": "47151", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12611", "collectionReferenceId": "62677", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry St", "collection_aka": "Stegosaur quarry, quarry EH, Kindope, British Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "near Kindope, 3 km NW of Tendaguru" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475261", "collectionId": "47155", "identifiedName": "Kentrurosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12560", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Om", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed; base of stratum", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475262", "collectionId": "47147", "identifiedName": "Kentrurosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "62677", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry S", "collection_aka": "British Expedition, M 20, Kitukituki", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "1.0 km SSW of Tendaguru Hill, near two baobab trees in the Kitukituki streambed" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475263", "collectionId": "47146", "identifiedName": "Kentrurosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12612", "collectionReferenceId": "18585", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Ig, Kindope", "collection_aka": "Quarry Jg, Dysalotosaurus Quarry, quarry WJ, Iguanodonten-Schicht\r\n\r\n\r\n", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed\r\nFour closely spaced but discrete monodominant bonebeds\r\nSchwarz et al. 2023: at least three levels within the member contain Dysalotosaurus bonebeds at this site.\r\nHeinrich (2001): Miospore and dinoflagellate assemblages recovered from matrix, housed in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin (Institut fur Palaontologie), suggest a Kimmeridgian to Tithonian age for bone bed Wj (Schrank 1999, 2000), whereas associated charophytes (Schudack 1999) and ostracods (Schudack & Schudack 2001) indicate a Kimmeridgian age for this bone-bearing deposit. Further biostratigraphic studies are needed to determine more precisely the age of the two bone beds at Tendaguru Site dy.", "geogcomments": "2.3 km NNW of Tendaguru Hill, near Kindope, ca. 400 m S of quarry St. Includes Bonebeds 1-4 (BB1, BB2, BB3, BB4)." }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483398", "collectionId": "48342", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry bb", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483400", "collectionId": "48343", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Ha", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483401", "collectionId": "48344", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry XIV", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483403", "collectionId": "48345", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry II", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483405", "collectionId": "48346", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry IV", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "S of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483406", "collectionId": "48347", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry V", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483407", "collectionId": "48348", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "53424", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry VIII", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "just N of German camp, near Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483409", "collectionId": "48349", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru Quarry G", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "400 m S of Tendaguru Hill, Tendaguru Plateau" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483413", "collectionId": "48350", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry e", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483415", "collectionId": "48351", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry g", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483416", "collectionId": "48352", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Ny", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483417", "collectionId": "48353", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Li", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483418", "collectionId": "48354", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry XX", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483420", "collectionId": "48355", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry r", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483421", "collectionId": "48356", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry y", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483422", "collectionId": "48357", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry d", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483439", "collectionId": "48358", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Ki", "collection_aka": "Kijenjere", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Transitional Sands = base of member", "geogcomments": "near Kijenjere, 4 km NE of Kindope, northernmost Tendaguru site on the plateau, 8.5 km N of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483498", "collectionId": "48378", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Ng", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "formerly Middle Saurian Bed; probably also includes Upper Transitional Sands", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483510", "collectionId": "48387", "identifiedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus aethiopicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12607", "collectionReferenceId": "12603", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Lower Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Q", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Lower Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38811", "genus": "Kentrosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1307550", "collectionId": "121195", "identifiedName": "? Kentrurosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kentrosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "57268", "collectionReferenceId": "38687", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry M 1", "collection_aka": "British Expedition, Ditch 3X, Ditch III", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "2 strata with bones; formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "SE of Tendaguru Hill, near older German ditches, probably the same as Cutler's Ditch 3X. Altitude corrected from 715 ft." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Neostegosauria", "Dacentrurinae", "Kentrosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Stegosauridae", "clade:Neostegosauria", "clade:Dacentrurinae", "genus:38811" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "422686", "38811", "488755" ], "candidateIds": [ "422686", "38811", "488755" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64256", "name": "Kerberosaurus", "displayName": "Kerberosaurus", "attribution": "Bolotsky and Godefroit 2004", "rawAttribution": "Bolotsky and Godefroit 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64256", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Edmontosaurini", "Kerberosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "320933", "64256" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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(2012): \"Kundur (N 49deg 04' 57.5\"; E 130deg 51' 34.1\"), Amur Region, Far Eastern Russia.\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Edmontosaurini", "Kerberosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Saurolophinae has Saurolophus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier, with an additional exclusion condition for Hadrosaurus. These names are topology-dependent alternatives for the Saurolophus branch; they are not unconditional synonyms. Brachylophosaurini explicitly excludes Hadrosaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn656search0", "turn659search0" ] }, { "id": "addendum-ma2026", "title": "First Report of a Hollow Cranial Crest in an Early-Diverging Duck-Billed Dinosaur, with Implications for Convergent Evolution of Acoustic Signaling", "doi": "10.3390/biology15080615", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/15/8/615", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-04-13", "access": "Primary publisher indexed full-text section 5; direct open 429.", "finding": "Updated hadrosauroid analysis recovers Hadrosaurus as the earliest-diverging hadrosaurid, separate from Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "478419", "name": "Khanazeem", "displayName": "Khanazeem", "attribution": "Malkani 2022", "rawAttribution": "Malkani 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=478419", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Pakisauridae", "Khanazeem" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "437580", "119548", "478419" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=478419", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Khanazeem", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=478419" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "478419", "genus": "Khanazeem", "occurrenceId": "1559891", "collectionId": "220151", "identifiedName": "Khanazeem saraikistani n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Khanazeem saraikistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86250", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkham", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Bor Kali Kakor, DL-2 (western)", "collection_aka": "PDL-2, Vitakri, West Bor, Lower Bor", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... upper Pab Formation, just below or on the boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene).\"", "geogcomments": "western site, S of Bor Kali Kakor stream near Vitakri village, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "478419", "genus": "Khanazeem", "occurrenceId": "1559900", "collectionId": "220157", "identifiedName": "Khanazeem saraikistani", "acceptedName": "Khanazeem saraikistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86250", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Top Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-16 (northern central)", "collection_aka": "PDL-16, Vitakri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... 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Independent diagnosability and specimen associations remain insufficiently verified for hidden answers.", "references": [ { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Formal Description of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Biotas Found from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.net/journal/paperinformation?paperid=112161", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.119023", "access": "Primary full text/PDF read; newly formalized Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Nicksaurus and Maojandino with diagnoses and designated material.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Jurassic-Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene transitions and Mesozoic vertebrates from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2021080414130257.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.118016", "access": "Primary paper indexed description accessed; full August diagnoses not independently read in this bounded sweep.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2023, "title": "Geology and Mineral Deposits of Saraikistan (South Punjab, Koh Sulaiman Range) of Pakistan: A Tabular Review of Recently Discovered Biotas from Pakistan and Paleobiogeographic Link: Phylogeny and Hypodigm of Poripuchian Titanosaurs from Indo-Pakistan", "url": "https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2023083015073764.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2023.138040", "access": "Primary PDF read at nomenclatural tables and systematic discussion; distinguishes informal and later formal descriptions.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Hans-Volker Karl, Amtyaz Safi and Gottfried Tichy", "year": 2025, "title": "A review of the fossil records of dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous from present-day Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scientific-reports.com/index.php/srls/article/download/191/181/713", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.16895340", "access": "Primary review full PDF read. Repeats taxa and source dates, but does not independently rediagnose overlapping Pakistani types.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ] } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Pakisauridae", "Khanazeem" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Poripuchia", "clade:Pakisauridae", "genus:478419" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "509676", "name": "Khankhuuluu", "displayName": "Khankhuuluu", "attribution": "Voris et al. 2025", "rawAttribution": "Voris et al. 2025", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=509676", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Khankhuuluu" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "509676" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=509676", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Khankhuuluu", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=509676" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "509676", "genus": "Khankhuuluu", "occurrenceId": "1165902", "collectionId": "149977", "identifiedName": "Khankhuuluu mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Khankhuuluu mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92290", "collectionReferenceId": "48038", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagaan Teg West [HMNS-GIN 2008]", "collection_aka": "Tsagan-Teg, Tsagan Teg", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Bayn Shire", "geogcomments": "N: 44-24-40.44; E: 109-50-19.44; A: 885m; located ca. 20 km SW of Dzun Bayan Somon and ca. 3 km W of main Tsagaan Teg locality" }, { "genusId": "509676", "genus": "Khankhuuluu", "occurrenceId": "1209949", "collectionId": "67974", "identifiedName": "Khankhuuluu mongoliensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Khankhuuluu mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92290", "collectionReferenceId": "51464", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayshin-Tsav [SMPE] (PIN coll. 100)", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Bayshin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Baynshire Suite = Bayn Shire = Baynshiree = Bainshirenskaya. Cenomanian to Santonian date is based upon palaeomagnetic analyses (see Watabe et al. 2009)", "geogcomments": "Bayshin-Tsav, in SE Mongolia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Khankhuuluu" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "genus:509676" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38610", "58835", "424531", "509676", "154174", "348490", "146099" ], "candidateIds": [ "509676" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "baynshire" ], "label": "Baynshire Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1209949", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Khankhuuluu" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Alectrosaurus", "Dilong", "Jinbeisaurus", "Raptorex", "Timurlengia", "Xiongguanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Khankhuuluu": [ "1165902", "1209949" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "509676" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "119554", "name": "Khetranisaurus", "displayName": "Khetranisaurus", "attribution": "Malkani 2004", "rawAttribution": "Malkani 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=119554", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Pakisauridae", "Khetranisaurinae", "Khetranisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "437580", "119548", "437509", "119554" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=119554", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Khetranisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=119554" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "119554", "genus": "Khetranisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559855", "collectionId": "79664", "identifiedName": "Khetranisaurus barkhani", "acceptedName": "Khetranisaurus barkhani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkham", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Bor Kali Kakor, DL-2 (central)", "collection_aka": "PDL-2, Vitakri, Mid Bor", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... upper Pab Formation, just below or on the boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene).\"", "geogcomments": "central site, S of Bor Kali Kakor stream near Vitakri village, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119554", "genus": "Khetranisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559863", "collectionId": "79665", "identifiedName": "Khetranisaurus barkhani", "acceptedName": "Khetranisaurus barkhani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Mari Bohri, DL-15 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-15", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "just W of village of Mari Bohri, 15 km W of Vitakri, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan, from E plunge of Mari Bohri-Mawand anticlinorium. 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[found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "near the north of junction of previously described branch stream with main Kinwa stream, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119554", "genus": "Khetranisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559905", "collectionId": "79669", "identifiedName": "Khetranisaurus barkhani", "acceptedName": "Khetranisaurus barkhani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Grut-Gumbrak, DL-9 (Nahar Kot)", "collection_aka": "PDL-9, Grut Gambrak, Grut 9", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Grut-Gumbrak (= Grut Gambrak), Nahar Kot area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Later papers supply diagnoses, designated types and locality statements; old conference-name dates alone do not justify a nomen nudum cut. Independent diagnosability and specimen associations remain insufficiently verified for hidden answers.", "references": [ { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Formal Description of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Biotas Found from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.net/journal/paperinformation?paperid=112161", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.119023", "access": "Primary full text/PDF read; newly formalized Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Nicksaurus and Maojandino with diagnoses and designated material.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Jurassic-Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene transitions and Mesozoic vertebrates from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2021080414130257.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.118016", "access": "Primary paper indexed description accessed; full August diagnoses not independently read in this bounded sweep.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2023, "title": "Geology and Mineral Deposits of Saraikistan (South Punjab, Koh Sulaiman Range) of Pakistan: A Tabular Review of Recently Discovered Biotas from Pakistan and Paleobiogeographic Link: Phylogeny and Hypodigm of Poripuchian Titanosaurs from Indo-Pakistan", "url": "https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2023083015073764.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2023.138040", "access": "Primary PDF read at nomenclatural tables and systematic discussion; distinguishes informal and later formal descriptions.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Hans-Volker Karl, Amtyaz Safi and Gottfried Tichy", "year": 2025, "title": "A review of the fossil records of dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous from present-day Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scientific-reports.com/index.php/srls/article/download/191/181/713", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.16895340", "access": "Primary review full PDF read. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66626", "name": "Klamelisaurus", "displayName": "Klamelisaurus", "attribution": "Zhao 1993", "rawAttribution": "Zhao 1993", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66626", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Klamelisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "53026", "66626" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66626", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Klamelisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66626" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Moore et al. (2020), Osteology of Klamelisaurus gobiensis", "url": "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10101710/", "access": "author institutional repository abstract" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66626", "genus": "Klamelisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1107999", "collectionId": "140200", "identifiedName": "Klamelisaurus gobiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Klamelisaurus gobiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13896", "collectionReferenceId": "13896", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Shishugou", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kelamaili, 35 km N of Jiangjunmiao (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower beds of the Shishugou Formation (top of what was formerly called the \"Wucaiwan Formation\")", "geogcomments": "35 km N of Jiangjunmiao,S of Kelamailishan Mtns., Jiangjun Gebi, eastern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang", "basin": "Junggar", "basinReviewSource": "Frozen collection140200 geogcomments explicitly names eastern Junggar Basin; sources-c.json Klamelisaurus positive footprint / klamel2020." }, { "genusId": "66626", "genus": "Klamelisaurus", "cc": "CN", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-16", "formation": "Shishugou", "state": "Xinjiang", "geographyReviewId": "mamenchi-geography-16-klamelisaurus", "basin": "Junggar", "basinReviewSource": "sources-c.json Klamelisaurus positive footprint / klamel2020. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "171392", "name": "Kol", "displayName": "Kol", "attribution": "Turner et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Turner et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=171392", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Kol" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "171392" ], "diet": { "values": [], "status": "unresolved", "rationale": "Fragmentary foot and competing alvarezsaur/oviraptorosaur affinities; diet cannot be resolved.", "references": [ { "id": "DE4", "title": "Body size and evolutionary rate analyses reveal complex evolutionary history of Alvarezsauria", "authors": "Meso et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1111/cla.12600", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cla.12600", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Publisher full text; phylogenetic and ecological passages read", "dietSupport": "Places Tugulusaurus near Bannykus and Xiyunykus; Patagonykus and Bonapartenykus in Patagonykinae. Kol is unstable and alternative oviraptorosaur affinity must remain considered; eggs associated with alvarezsaurs do not prove egg eating.", "webRefs": [ "turn654view1", "turn657view6", "turn663view6", "turn671view5" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "unresolved", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=171392", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Kol", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=171392" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "171392", "genus": "Kol", "occurrenceId": "887797", "collectionId": "37211", "identifiedName": "Kol ghuva n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Kol ghuva", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33957", "collectionReferenceId": "18118", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ankylosaur Flats, Ukhaa Tolgod", "collection_aka": "Big Mamma", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "This may be sublocality 8, see text (p. 449) in Dashzeveg et al. (1995).", "geogcomments": "Ankylosaur Flats, Ukhaa Tolgod, Gurvan Tes Somon, Omnogov Aimak, Mongolia. Includes \"Big Mamma\" sublocality" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "diet", "reason": "No defensible diet clue is currently supported." } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Kol" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "genus:171392" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "491504", "name": "Koleken", "displayName": "Koleken", "attribution": "Pol et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Pol et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=491504", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Furileusauria", "Koleken" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "138556", "336873", "491504" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=491504", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Koleken", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=491504" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "491504", "genus": "Koleken", "occurrenceId": "1587111", "collectionId": "224257", "identifiedName": "Koleken inakayali n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Koleken inakayali", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "88483", "collectionReferenceId": "54396", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "", "formation": "La Colonia", "member": "A", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Norte de Cerro Bayo 1 (3 meters)", "collection_aka": "North Cerro Bayo, Koleken inakayali type, Cerro Bayo Norte", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Middle facies association of the La Colonia Formation, 0.8 m from base.\r\nThe specimen was found close to the base of the stratigraphic section of the La\r\nColonia Formation that crops out in this region (see Gasparini et al., 2015). The age of the base of this unit has been recently restricted to the early Maastrichtian (Clyde et al., 2021), constraining the age of the new taxon to the Maastrichtian.\r\nCollection points placed below Marker M1", "geogcomments": "Cerro Bayo, east of the Sierra de La Colonia, north-east Chubut Province, Argentina. The specimen was found at the Cerro Bayo Norte area, east of the Sierra de La Colonia, centre north of Chubut Province, Argentina. Precise geographical provenance is deposited at the MPEF collection (42° 57' 39.1''S, 67° 33' 15.7'' W)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Furileusauria", "Koleken" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauridae", "clade:Brachyrostra", "clade:Furileusauria", "genus:491504" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54533", "472264", "491504", "435367", "53941", "54538", "336874" ], "candidateIds": [ "54533", "491504" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "la colonia" ], "label": "La Colonia Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1587111", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Carnotaurus", "Koleken" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Elemgasem", "Llukalkan", "Pycnonemosaurus", "Quilmesaurus", "Viavenator" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Carnotaurus": [ "263808" ], "Koleken": [ "1587111" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54533", "491504" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "176309", "name": "Koreaceratops", "displayName": "Koreaceratops", "attribution": "Lee et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Lee et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=176309", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Leptoceratopsidae", "Koreaceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "52774", "90273", "176309" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=176309", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Koreaceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=176309" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "176309", "genus": "Koreaceratops", "occurrenceId": "915089", "collectionId": "103988", "identifiedName": "Koreaceratops hwaseongensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Koreaceratops hwaseongensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35022", "collectionReferenceId": "35022", "cc": "KR", "state": "Gyeonggi-do", "county": "", "formation": "Tando beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tando/Buldo Quarries", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "\"it is believed that the source rock of the block containing the specimen was originally from the lower part of the Tando beds\" \"Although we regard these deposits as deserving formational status, they are referred to here as the Tando beds, pending a full description\"", "geogcomments": "Specimen \"was found in a block of rock in the rock-filled Tando embankment dam between the Tando Dock and the Jeongok harbor\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Leptoceratopsidae", "Koreaceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Leptoceratopsidae", "genus:176309" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "candidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "172023", "name": "Koreanosaurus", "displayName": "Koreanosaurus", "attribution": "Huh et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Huh et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=172023", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Orodrominae", "Koreanosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "64386", "267487", "172023" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=172023", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Koreanosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=172023" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "172023", "genus": "Koreanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "892266", "collectionId": "98685", "identifiedName": "Koreanosaurus boseongensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Koreanosaurus boseongensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34049", "collectionReferenceId": "34049", "cc": "KR", "state": "Jeollanam-do", "county": "Boseong-gun", "formation": "Seonso Conglomerate", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Boseong Bibong-ri Dinosaur Egg Site 5", "collection_aka": "Bosung, Bibongri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "also called \"Seonso Formation\"; lower part of formation. 2 layers, egg clutch is below dinosaur skeleton", "geogcomments": "On Deokryang Bay, Bibongri coast." }, { "genusId": "172023", "genus": "Koreanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "892267", "collectionId": "52983", "identifiedName": "Koreanosaurus boseongensis", "acceptedName": "Koreanosaurus boseongensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34049", "collectionReferenceId": "14322", "cc": "KR", "state": "Jeollanam-do", "county": "Boseong-gun", "formation": "Seonso Conglomerate", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Boseong Bibong-ri Dinosaur Egg Site 3", "collection_aka": "Bosung, Bibongri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "also called \"Seonso Formation\"; lower part of formation. 5 fossiliferous beds; egg clutches in 2 beds above and 2 beds below skeleton.", "geogcomments": "On Deokryang Bay, Bibongri coast." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Orodrominae", "Koreanosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Thescelosauridae", "clade:Orodrominae", "genus:172023" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "186989", "172023", "267714" ], "candidateIds": [ "186989", "172023", "267714" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "314250", "name": "Koshisaurus", "displayName": "Koshisaurus", "attribution": "Shibata and Azuma 2015", "rawAttribution": "Shibata and Azuma 2015", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=314250", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Koshisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "314250" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Analysing the faunas of the underlying Dharmaram Formation and of the lower and upper units of the Kota Formation and comparing them with faunas from coeval horizons, Bandyopadhyay and Roychowdhury (1996) and Bandyopadhyay and Sengupta (2006) suggested that the Lower Kota Formation has an age ranging from Sinemurian to Pliensbachian, while the age of the upper Kota is Toarcian and may even be extended to Middle Jurassic (?Aalenian).\" (Bandyopadhyay et al. 2010)", "geogcomments": "5 km W of Yamanapalli (= Yemanapally, Vemanpally?), in Pranhita-Godavari Valley, ca. 40 km N of Sironcha" }, { "genusId": "66497", "genus": "Kotasaurus", "occurrenceId": "513185", "collectionId": "22665", "identifiedName": "Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43786", "collectionReferenceId": "5679", "cc": "IN", "state": "Telangana", "county": "", "formation": "Kota", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Gondwana", "collection_name": "Yamanpalli bonebed, Kota", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1540, Yemanapally", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min\r\n\r\n\"On the basis of fishes, the Kota Formation has long been considered to be of Liassic age (King 1881; Robinson 1970). However, several workers noticed the similarity of Kota fishes with the European Toarcian fishes (Schaeffer and Patterson 1984). Patterson and Owen (1991) suggested that the major marine transgression during the Toarcian might have been instrumental for the invasion of the European Liassic fishes in the circumtethyean continents including parts of Indian subcontinent. Recovery of Darwinula, an early Middle Jurassic ostracod, led Govindan (1975) to suggest a Middle Jurassic age for the Kota Formation. Analysing the faunas of the underlying Dharmaram Formation and of the lower and upper units of the Kota Formation and comparing them with faunas from coeval horizons, Bandyopadhyay and Roychowdhury (1996) and Bandyopadhyay and Sengupta (2006) suggested that the Lower Kota Formation has an age ranging from Sinemurian to Pliensbachian, while the age of the upper Kota is Toarcian and may even be extended to Middle Jurassic (?Aalenian).\" (Bandyopadhyay et al. 2010)", "geogcomments": "5 km W of Yamanapalli (= Yemanapally, Vemanpally?), in Pranhita-Godavari Valley, ca. 40 km N of Sironcha" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Kotasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "genus:66497" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "candidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "53195", "name": "Kritosaurus", "displayName": "Kritosaurus", "attribution": "Brown 1910", "rawAttribution": "Brown 1910", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53195", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Kritosaurini", "Kritosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "267712", "53195" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53195", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Kritosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53195" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "376584", "collectionId": "35518", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus navajovius n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus navajovius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9596", "collectionReferenceId": "63664", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "west of Chaco Canyon, Ojo Alamo (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Willow Wash, Kritosaurus navajovius type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Called \"Ojo Alamo Beds\" originally.", "geogcomments": "Ojo Alamo (Indian trading post), in Chaco Cañon, 95 miles NW of Gallup and 20 miles W of old Indian pueblo Bonita (= Putnam). On E edge of badlands to W of canyon, and near Cope's Puerco collections of 1874. Cretaceous beds exposed less than 1 mile S of Ojo Alamo. Supposedly on Willow Wash.\r\n\r\nGilmore (1916c, p. 295) stated in a footnote: \"In a letter to me dated February 26, 1916, Mr. Brown says: 'Thescelus rapiens came from the lower conglomerate just below the old Indian trading store in Ojo Alamo,' or from the Ojo Alamo sandstone. - C.W.G.\" In the current terminology (Baltz, Ash, and Anderson, 1966, p. D3) this would be the Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Shale of Montana age (ibid.)." }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "383892", "collectionId": "36541", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus navajovius", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus navajovius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9765", "collectionReferenceId": "9765", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hogback South, MNA Locality B", "collection_aka": "#88", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "within the upper 15.2 m of the Fruitland. Two fossil horizons, approx. 20cm apart.", "geogcomments": "In the Hogback South quadrangle T26N, R16W." }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "472665", "collectionId": "46984", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus navajovius", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus navajovius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12486", "collectionReferenceId": "12486", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UNM 77-71", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T23N,R13W,sec1, SW 1/4, SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487143", "collectionId": "48834", "identifiedName": "? Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "24167", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Deadhorse Coulee, Locality 5", "collection_aka": "Black Coulee", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 50 feet above \"lower Milk River sandstone\"", "geogcomments": "Ls 12, sec 32, T1N, R11W, W 4th meridian, SE side of Deadhorse Coulee" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "538352", "collectionId": "55882", "identifiedName": "? Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15088", "collectionReferenceId": "15088", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UCMP V-72085, Dinosaur Hill", "collection_aka": "KU-36", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Hunter's Wash", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec. 34, T24N, R13W; Hunter's Wash" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "539928", "collectionId": "56271", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15088", "collectionReferenceId": "15088", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland/Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UTEP Loc. 666, Alamo Mesa East", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "539978", "collectionId": "56293", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15088", "collectionReferenceId": "15088", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland/Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UTEP Loc. 71, Alamo Mesa West", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "540458", "collectionId": "56429", "identifiedName": "? Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15088", "collectionReferenceId": "15088", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland/Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UTEP Loc. 463, Alamo Mesa West", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541363", "collectionId": "56646", "identifiedName": "? Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15088", "collectionReferenceId": "15088", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland/Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "OMNH 40-IX-1/2", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ojo Alamo Canyon" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "591184", "collectionId": "62489", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18036", "collectionReferenceId": "18036", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "north side, Barrel Springs Arroyo (USNM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "20 ft below lower conglomerate, uppermost part of formation", "geogcomments": "N side of Barrel Springs Arroyo, about 1.5 mi SW of Ojo Alamo Store" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "663755", "collectionId": "71485", "identifiedName": "cf. Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24167", "collectionReferenceId": "24167", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Deadhorse Coulee, Locality 7", "collection_aka": "Black Coulee", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"about 40 feet above Lower Milk River sandstone\"", "geogcomments": "Ls 12, sec 22, T1N, R11W, W 4th meridian; in tributary valley on SE side of Deadhorse Coulee" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1125680", "collectionId": "142510", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "53185", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Mud Creek (CM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Mud Creek, listed as Fergus Co. in McIntosh 81 but this seems to be in error" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1170981", "collectionId": "150884", "identifiedName": "? Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "9 miles NE of Tsaya [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "9 mi. (14.5 km) NE of Tsaya" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1170983", "collectionId": "62535", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "18036", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "2 mi northwest of Ojo Alamo Store (USNM)", "collection_aka": "Gilmore locality 59", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "20 ft below the conglomerate", "geogcomments": "2 mi NW of Ojo Alamo Store" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1284957", "collectionId": "154639", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus cf. navajovius", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus navajovius", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55658", "collectionReferenceId": "50161", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Hunter Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 396", "collection_aka": "Hunter Wash", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Location based on local fauna" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1284958", "collectionId": "154462", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus cf. navajovius", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus navajovius", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55658", "collectionReferenceId": "50161", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Hunter Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 398", "collection_aka": "Hunter Wash", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Location based on local fauna" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1370768", "collectionId": "187093", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62764", "collectionReferenceId": "62764", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "TMM 45603, Gano Spring", "collection_aka": "Big Bend", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Gano Spring, Big Bend NP" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1370769", "collectionId": "187094", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62764", "collectionReferenceId": "63793", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tornillo", "collection_name": "TMM 41442, near Woodson's", "collection_aka": "Big Bend NP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "basal sandstone", "geogcomments": "near Woodson's, on the River Road, Big Bend NP; 19.6 km SW of Glenn Spring, 1.1 km S of River Road at Woodson Pettits Turnoff" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1384208", "collectionId": "48941", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63793", "collectionReferenceId": "68428", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "WPA Quarry L3 (TMM)", "collection_aka": "Glenn Spring", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near base of section", "geogcomments": "Big Bend NP, Brewster Co., W of WPA Quarry L1, NW of Talley Mtn., S side of Glenn Spring/Castalon Road" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1384213", "collectionId": "22709", "identifiedName": "? Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63793", "collectionReferenceId": "5684", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "WPA Quarry L1, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1584, WPA 1 bonebed, Fresno Creek, LSUMNH 20010", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, near base of section", "geogcomments": "NW flank of Talley Mtn., S side of Glenn Spring/Castalon Road NE of where it crosses Fresno Creek" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1384276", "collectionId": "189805", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63793", "collectionReferenceId": "63793", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "WL 326, E side of Panther Junction-Boquillas Road", "collection_aka": "TMM 42309", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "WL 326, ca. 230 m N of WL 350" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1411229", "collectionId": "47818", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus navajovius", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus navajovius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55658", "collectionReferenceId": "12807", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 363a", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1411230", "collectionId": "47818", "identifiedName": "cf. Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55658", "collectionReferenceId": "12807", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 363a", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1411236", "collectionId": "47820", "identifiedName": "Kritosaurus navajovius", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus navajovius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55658", "collectionReferenceId": "50161", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 360a", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53195", "genus": "Kritosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1411237", "collectionId": "47820", "identifiedName": "cf. Kritosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Kritosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55658", "collectionReferenceId": "50161", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 360a", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Kritosaurini", "Kritosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "398796", "name": "Kwanasaurus", "displayName": "Kwanasaurus", "attribution": "Martz and Small 2019", "rawAttribution": "Martz and Small 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=398796", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Silesauridae", "Sulcimentisauria", "Kwanasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "163003", "398795", "398796" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Robust maxilla and folidont teeth", "references": [ { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=398796", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Kwanasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=398796" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "398796", "genus": "Kwanasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1480123", "collectionId": "92089", "identifiedName": "Kwanasaurus williamparkeri", "acceptedName": "Kwanasaurus williamparkeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70805", "collectionReferenceId": "31002", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Main Elk Creek, DMNH loc. 1306", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"The tetrapod assemblage is regarded as middle–late Norian in age (Revueltian land vertebrate faunachron)\" - Pardo et al. 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W of type of Gorgosaurus libratus." }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489303", "collectionId": "49237", "identifiedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54993", "collectionReferenceId": "24163", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 3, south side of Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 92, ROM, U.T.3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "LSD 4 (says 3), sec 4, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian, S side of Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "512991", "collectionId": "51861", "identifiedName": "Lambeosaurus clavinitialis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus clavinitialis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 62, Berry Creek", "collection_aka": "GSC, Sternberg Quarry 30, NMC, G.S.C.14", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "2.5 miles S of mouth of Berry Creek, 140 feet above river; 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originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.; high within formation, 47 m above contact with Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "3 miles SW of Little Sandhill Creek; NW 1/4, sec 35, T20, R12, W 4th meridian; UTM = 12 U 460546 E, 5621615N (NAD 83)" }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564425", "collectionId": "58911", "identifiedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19383", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 23, Happy Jack Ferry", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 101, ROM, U.T.14, Red Deer River ", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 11, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian; W side of river, 1.5 mi NE of Happy Jack Ferry" }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564560", "collectionId": "58955", "identifiedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63500", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 50, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 13, ROM, U.T.32", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "S 1/2, sec 32, T21N, R12W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565103", "collectionId": "59022", "identifiedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19383", "collectionReferenceId": "12053", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 87, Little Sandhill Creek", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 47, NMC, G.S.C.32", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "sec 25, T20N, R11W, W 4th meridian; 3.5 miles W of S of Little Sandhill Creek, Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565609", "collectionId": "59145", "identifiedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16964", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 175", "collection_aka": "U056", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565878", "collectionId": "59225", "identifiedName": "Lambeosaurus clavinitialis", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus clavinitialis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54993", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 163", "collection_aka": "U018", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "604184", "collectionId": "64335", "identifiedName": "Lambeosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52782", "collectionReferenceId": "18556", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sandy Point hadrosaurs", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sandy Point, South Saskatchewan River, SW of Empress, Alberta. Sec 19, T20N, R1W, 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647944", "collectionId": "70052", "identifiedName": "Lambeosaurus clavinitialis", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus clavinitialis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54993", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "north fork, Sand Creek (200 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "200 ft above river, N fork, Sand Creek, Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647962", "collectionId": "70055", "identifiedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "east fork, Sand Creek (200 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "CPR house, Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "200 ft above river, E fork, Sand Creek, Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville, near C.P.R. house" }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "689682", "collectionId": "74120", "identifiedName": "Lambeosaurus magnicristatus", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus magnicristatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24881", "collectionReferenceId": "62727", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "South Manyberries Creek (GSC)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "at top of formation, about 25 ft below top, probably just below base of Lethbridge Coal Zone", "geogcomments": "UTM 12U 532049E 5466577N; 14 km SE of Manyberries; quarry relocated in 2006; NE 1/4, sec 2, T5, R5, W 4th meridian; at base of small butte, on W side of short coulee that runs SSE into South Manyberries Creek, about 250 yds S of where local people mine coal (Sternberg field notes)" }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1200168", "collectionId": "52475", "identifiedName": "Procheneosaurus praeceps n. gen.", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "13165", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "150 ft above R bank, Little Sandhill Creek (Sand Creek), Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38763", "genus": "Lambeosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2048076", "collectionId": "52475", "identifiedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "acceptedName": "Lambeosaurus lambei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "13165", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "150 ft above R bank, Little Sandhill Creek (Sand Creek), Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Lambeosaurini", "Lambeosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "57450", "name": "Lametasaurus", "displayName": "Lametasaurus", "attribution": "Matley 1924", "rawAttribution": "Matley 1924", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57450", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Lametasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "57450" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=302025", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Laquintasaura", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=302025" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "302025", "genus": "Laquintasaura", "occurrenceId": "534508", "collectionId": "55294", "identifiedName": "Laquintasaura venezuelae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Laquintasaura venezuelae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52146", "collectionReferenceId": "14786", "cc": "VE", "state": "Táchira", "county": "La Grita", "formation": "La Quinta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rio La Grita", "collection_aka": "La Quinta Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper interval of the formation", "geogcomments": "Small road cut across the Rio La Grita from the type section of the formation, which lies along the road between La Grita and Seboruca. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "379273", "name": "Latenivenatrix", "displayName": "Latenivenatrix", "attribution": "van der Reest and Currie 2017", "rawAttribution": "van der Reest and Currie 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=379273", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Troodontini", "Latenivenatrix" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "379275", "518011", "379273" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=379273", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Latenivenatrix", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=379273" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Targeted review", "url": "audit.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "379273", "genus": "Latenivenatrix", "occurrenceId": "367436", "collectionId": "34745", "identifiedName": "Latenivenatrix mcmasterae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Latenivenatrix mcmasterae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67471", "collectionReferenceId": "9232", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 133, Red Deer River (NMC)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally described as from the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "near center of E half of sec. 28, T21, R10, W of 4th meridian. Approx. 247 ft. (75 m) above level of Red Deer River, south-central Alberta, Canada. Northern part of DPP." }, { "genusId": "379273", "genus": "Latenivenatrix", "occurrenceId": "565601", "collectionId": "59137", "identifiedName": "Latenivenatrix mcmasterae", "acceptedName": "Latenivenatrix mcmasterae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67471", "collectionReferenceId": "56332", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 166", "collection_aka": "JR069, L0069", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 2, sec 31, T20, R11, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "379273", "genus": "Latenivenatrix", "occurrenceId": "1625189", "collectionId": "46953", "identifiedName": "Latenivenatrix mcmasterae", "acceptedName": "Latenivenatrix mcmasterae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67471", "collectionReferenceId": "5721", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 75", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 75, JR075, L0075", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 7, sec 32, T20, R11, W 4th meridian, Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "379273", "genus": "Latenivenatrix", "occurrenceId": "1625190", "collectionId": "229978", "identifiedName": "Latenivenatrix mcmasterae", "acceptedName": "Latenivenatrix mcmasterae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67471", "collectionReferenceId": "67471", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "referred Latenivenatrix site (UALVP)", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "within Dinosaur Provincial Park, N of Red Deer River" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "2021 synonymy with Stenonychosaurus is followed by the 2025 revision; 2026 papers still acknowledge uncertainty. Merely scoring it as a separate matrix OTU is not revalidation.", "references": [ { "id": "varricchio2025", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "cullen2021", "title": "Anatomical, morphometric, and stratigraphic analyses of theropod biodiversity in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation", "publicationYear": 2021, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2020-0145", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0145", "access": "primary_publisher_abstract_and_metadata_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "DOI verified against publisher-indexed abstract. Latenivenatrix synonymy is reported and followed by the full inspected 2025 revision; full 2021 article not read.", "metadataURL": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/org/science/article/abs/pii/S0008407721000533" }, { "id": "jasinski2026", "title": "Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-08", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411150348_Dinevenator_a_New_Genus_of_Troodontid_Dinosaur_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_New_Mexico", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic comparisons", "Phylogeny" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Uses tentative language for Troodon/Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix synonymies. Separate analytical OTUs do not prove separate valid genera." } ] } ], "changes": [ { "rationale": "2021 synonymy with Stenonychosaurus is followed by the 2025 revision; 2026 papers still acknowledge uncertainty. Merely scoring it as a separate matrix OTU is not revalidation.", "references": [ { "id": "varricchio2025", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "cullen2021", "title": "Anatomical, morphometric, and stratigraphic analyses of theropod biodiversity in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation", "publicationYear": 2021, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2020-0145", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0145", "access": "primary_publisher_abstract_and_metadata_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "DOI verified against publisher-indexed abstract. 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These three specifically named legal guesses share one hidden-answer identity; other troodontids are independent. 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Separate analytical OTUs do not prove separate valid genera." } ] } ], "canonicalAnswerId": "38572", "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Troodontini", "Latenivenatrix" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] }, { "id": "379273", "rationale": "Approved Troodon framework: align these three equivalent guess identities at the same supported troodontin branch.", "references": [ { "id": "approved-troodon-0", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "approved-troodon-1", "title": "Troodontids from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America", "publicationYear": 2017, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "access": "primary_metadata_and_abstract_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The opposing genus concept is also explicitly discussed in the full 2025 revision. 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G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=251611", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Latirhinus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=251611" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "251611", "genus": "Latirhinus", "occurrenceId": "248594", "collectionId": "24258", "identifiedName": "Latirhinus uitstlani n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Latirhinus uitstlani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43677", "collectionReferenceId": "8686", "cc": "MX", "state": "Coahuila", "county": "", "formation": "Cerro del Pueblo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Difunta", "collection_name": "Ejido Presa de San Antonio (Coah 14)", "collection_aka": "La Presa; SPA-88-9 quarry, Ejido Presa San Antonio", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "SPA-88-9 quarry, near town of Ejido Presa (de) San Antonio, Parras de la Fuente Municipality, Coahuila, northern Mexico" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Latirhinus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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The fossiliferous level with the dinosaur remains is located in the middle part of the Pichi Neuquén Member, 44.5 m from its base. Our own measurements taken at the locality itself give a total thickness of 604 m for this unit.\r\n\r\nRegarding the age of the Pichi Neuquén Member, there is as yet no consensus. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "295114", "name": "Leinkupal", "displayName": "Leinkupal", "attribution": "Gallina et al. 2014", "rawAttribution": "Gallina et al. 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=295114", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Diplodocinae", "Leinkupal" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57361", "38664", "65916", "295114" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "175491", "name": "Leonerasaurus", "displayName": "Leonerasaurus", "attribution": "Pol et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Pol et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=175491", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Leonerasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "175491" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Sauropodiformes › Leonerasaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Plant dependence is broadly supported by craniodental evolution; feeding specialisation varies and exclusivity is not assumed.", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=175491", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Leonerasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=175491" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "175491", "genus": "Leonerasaurus", "occurrenceId": "913303", "collectionId": "103445", "identifiedName": "Leonerasaurus taquetrensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Leonerasaurus taquetrensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34899", "collectionReferenceId": "34899", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "", "formation": "Las Leoneras", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cañadón Las Leoneras", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "42 m below top of formation and 137 m above base; lower age constraint is not well established; Late Triassic remains a possibility", "geogcomments": "Cañadón Las Leoneras, S of Cañadón del Zaino (both flow into the L bank of the Río Chubut), SE of Sierra de Taquetrén, central Patagonia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Leonerasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "genus:175491" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "175491", "38643", "165044" ], "candidateIds": [ "175491", "38643", "165044" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38849", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Leptoceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38849" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38849", "genus": "Leptoceratops", "occurrenceId": "367440", "collectionId": "34747", "identifiedName": "Leptoceratops gracilis", "acceptedName": "Leptoceratops gracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9234", "collectionReferenceId": "9234", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Park", "formation": "\"Lance\"", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Princeton Leptoceratops site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "described as \"Lance\" because it is near the top of the undivided \"Lance-Meteetsee\" beds in this region, just below beds with Paleocene mammal fossils. May not be true Lance Fm. but only its equivalent.", "geogcomments": "near middle of SE 1/4, NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec. 1, T57N, R100W, Park Co., Wyoming. Approx. 13.7 km (8.4 mi.) NW of \"Dumbbell Hill\" and nearly 23 km (14 mi.) NW of Powell." }, { "genusId": "38849", "genus": "Leptoceratops", "occurrenceId": "465654", "collectionId": "14569", "identifiedName": "? Leptoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Leptoceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3006", "collectionReferenceId": "12299", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Henry Farm", "collection_aka": "Henry's Farm", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "collection from about 10 m of section\r\n\r\nEberth and Kamo, 2019: Combined with age data for the K-Pg boundary and a calibrated age-range for magnetochron 30n, our age for the Battle bentonite allows us to assess a maximum age of ~66.88 Ma for the base of the overlying Scollard Formation, and an age range of ~66.88–66.04 Ma for the K-ScF (the Cretaceous portion of the Scollard Formation).", "geogcomments": "3 km W of Content Bridge, SW of Nevis, Red Deer River Valley; LSD 8, Sec 5, T39, R22, W 4th meridian, land formerly belonging to Arnold Henry." }, { "genusId": "38849", "genus": "Leptoceratops", "occurrenceId": "522456", "collectionId": "53824", "identifiedName": "Leptoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Leptoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14489", "collectionReferenceId": "14489", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Pinyon Conglomerate", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "east side, Pinyon Peak", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 150 ft. above the base of the Pinyon Conglomerate", "geogcomments": "Approx. 7,500 ft. east-southeast of VABM traingulation station 9705 on Pinyon Peak, Mount Hancock 15-minute quadrangle, Teton County, Wyoming. E side of Pinyon Peak, ca. 25 mi. NW of summit of Togwotee Pass" }, { "genusId": "38849", "genus": "Leptoceratops", "occurrenceId": "604289", "collectionId": "64353", "identifiedName": "Leptoceratops gracilis", "acceptedName": "Leptoceratops gracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18579", "collectionReferenceId": "18579", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "northeast of Elnora (NMC)", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "50 ft above base of \"Upper Edmonton Member\"", "geogcomments": "NE corner of sec 12, T36, R22, W 4th meridian; about 13.5 mi NE of Elnora, Alberta and 14 mi N of type locality for Leptoceratops; Red Deer River valley; directly over Campkin's coal mine" }, { "genusId": "38849", "genus": "Leptoceratops", "occurrenceId": "606102", "collectionId": "64628", "identifiedName": "Leptoceratops gracilis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Leptoceratops gracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18645", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "3 miles above Tolman Ferry (190 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Leptoceratops type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "400 ft above Pierre Shale, near top of beds", "geogcomments": "Red Deer River, 3 mi above Tolman Ferry, left bank of river, 190 ft. above river" }, { "genusId": "38849", "genus": "Leptoceratops", "occurrenceId": "687528", "collectionId": "73947", "identifiedName": "Leptoceratops gracilis", "acceptedName": "Leptoceratops gracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24832", "collectionReferenceId": "24832", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheep Mountain", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as uppermost Maastrichtian, Lancian NALMA", "geogcomments": "from private land in the drainage basin of the Little Missouri River, near Sheep Mountain, just W of Camp Crook, SD" }, { "genusId": "38849", "genus": "Leptoceratops", "occurrenceId": "687529", "collectionId": "73948", "identifiedName": "Leptoceratops gracilis", "acceptedName": "Leptoceratops gracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24832", "collectionReferenceId": "24832", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Univ. of Wisconsin site 2000-D (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as uppermost Maastrichtian, Lancian NALMA; site is approx. 75 m below the K/T boundary in the local area", "geogcomments": "from BLM land in the drainage basin of the Powder River, eastern Carter County; no specific info given, so location is a proxy set of coordinates" }, { "genusId": "38849", "genus": "Leptoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1588496", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Leptoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Leptoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Leptoceratopsidae", "Leptoceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Leptoceratopsidae", "genus:38849" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "38849" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "scollard" ], "label": "Scollard Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "606102", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Leptoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cerasinops", "Ferrisaurus", "Gremlin", "Gryphoceratops", "Montanoceratops", "Prenoceratops", "Unescoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Leptoceratops": [ "465654", "604289", "606102" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38849" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "266219", "name": "Leptorhynchos", "displayName": "Leptorhynchos", "attribution": "Longrich et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Longrich et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=266219", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Leptorhynchos" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "54544", "266219" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. A blanket verified omnivore label is too strong; preserve potential animal supplementation and genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=266219", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Leptorhynchos", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=266219" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "266219", "genus": "Leptorhynchos", "occurrenceId": "566951", "collectionId": "59373", "identifiedName": "? Leptorhynchos sp.", "acceptedName": "Leptorhynchos", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46506", "collectionReferenceId": "92794", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR TM-013, Landslide Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec. 27, T37N, R8W" }, { "genusId": "266219", "genus": "Leptorhynchos", "occurrenceId": "1130183", "collectionId": "143522", "identifiedName": "Leptorhynchos gaddisi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Leptorhynchos gaddisi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46506", "collectionReferenceId": "46506", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Terlingua area", "collection_aka": "TMM 45920", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Near the Terlingua microsite" }, { "genusId": "266219", "genus": "Leptorhynchos", "occurrenceId": "1179406", "collectionId": "14489", "identifiedName": "Leptorhynchos gaddisi", "acceptedName": "Leptorhynchos gaddisi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46506", "collectionReferenceId": "2988", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Terlingua", "collection_aka": "OMNH V58; TMM 43057", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"microvertebrate-bearing bed is 13 to 18 cm thick\" and \"within several meters of the top of the underlying Terlingua Creek sandstone member\"\r\nammonites and bivalves support a late Campanian age\r\n", "geogcomments": "8 km NNE of Study Butte\r\n\"bone-bearing deposit ranges up to 10 m wide\"" }, { "genusId": "266219", "genus": "Leptorhynchos", "occurrenceId": "1638240", "collectionId": "232129", "identifiedName": "Leptorhynchos sp.", "acceptedName": "Leptorhynchos", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86180", "collectionReferenceId": "86180", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chambery Coulee elmisaur [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Frenchman River valley, SE of Eastend, Chambery Coulee" }, { "genusId": "266219", "genus": "Leptorhynchos", "occurrenceId": "1638241", "collectionId": "232130", "identifiedName": "Leptorhynchos sp.", "acceptedName": "Leptorhynchos", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86180", "collectionReferenceId": "86180", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Grasslands National Park [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "RSM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "within Grasslands National Park" }, { "genusId": "266219", "genus": "Leptorhynchos", "occurrenceId": "1638242", "collectionId": "232131", "identifiedName": "Leptorhynchos elegans", "acceptedName": "Leptorhynchos elegans", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86180", "collectionReferenceId": "86180", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "300 m east of RTMP BB 42", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 42", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "10 m higher in section than RTMP BB 42", "geogcomments": "300 m E of RTMP BB 42, within Dinosaur Provincial Park, LSD 10, sec 32, T20, R11" }, { "genusId": "266219", "genus": "Leptorhynchos", "occurrenceId": "1638243", "collectionId": "22656", "identifiedName": "Leptorhynchos elegans", "acceptedName": "Leptorhynchos elegans", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86180", "collectionReferenceId": "5923", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 47", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1530, Bonebed 47", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 10, sec 31, T20, R11, W 4th meridian, Dinosaur Provincial Park; UTM [WGS 84] = 12U 0463976 5620718" }, { "genusId": "266219", "genus": "Leptorhynchos", "occurrenceId": "1638244", "collectionId": "232132", "identifiedName": "Leptorhynchos elegans", "acceptedName": "Leptorhynchos elegans", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86180", "collectionReferenceId": "86180", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Wolf Coulee, DPP [RTMP]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Wolf Coulee, legal subdivision 12, section 13, township 20, range 10, west of the 4th Meridian. Within Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "266219", "genus": "Leptorhynchos", "occurrenceId": "1638245", "collectionId": "232133", "identifiedName": "Leptorhynchos elegans", "acceptedName": "Leptorhynchos elegans", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86180", "collectionReferenceId": "86180", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "TMP 1982.039.0004 locality, DPP", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "legal subdivision 2, section 4, township 21, range 11, west of the 4th Meridian; within Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "266219", "genus": "Leptorhynchos", "occurrenceId": "1638265", "collectionId": "232136", "identifiedName": "Leptorhynchos elegans", "acceptedName": "Leptorhynchos elegans", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86180", "collectionReferenceId": "86180", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "TMP 1988.036.0104 locality, DPP", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12U 0455600; 5628640; within Dinosaur Provincial Park" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Leptorhynchos" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "clade:Caenagnathidae", "genus:266219" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "candidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "159791", "name": "Leshansaurus", "displayName": "Leshansaurus", "attribution": "Li et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Li et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=159791", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Megalosauridae", "Afrovenatorinae", "Leshansaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38574", "235339", "159791" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=159791", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Leshansaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=159791" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "159791", "genus": "Leshansaurus", "occurrenceId": "837683", "collectionId": "92950", "identifiedName": "Leshansaurus qianweiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Leshansaurus qianweiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31398", "collectionReferenceId": "31398", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Qianwei", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Xiaogu, Qianwei", "collection_aka": "Leshan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "top of formation\r\nSeveral radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "57573", "name": "Lesothosaurus", "displayName": "Lesothosaurus", "attribution": "Galton 1978", "rawAttribution": "Galton 1978", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57573", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Lesothosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "57573" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Dental classifiers permit plant/mixed feeding", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57573", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Lesothosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57573" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "57573", "genus": "Lesothosaurus", "occurrenceId": "297698", "collectionId": "28570", "identifiedName": "Lesothosaurus diagnosticus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lesothosaurus diagnosticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12660", "collectionReferenceId": "7893", "cc": "LS", "state": "Mafeteng", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "north flank, Likhoele Mountain (UCL)", "collection_aka": "Lesothosaurus type", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"Upper Triassic Red Beds of the Stormberg Series\" = \"Red Beds\" of upper Elliot Fm.", "geogcomments": "northern flank of Likhoele Mountain, near settlement of Mafeteng, Lesotho (then Basutoland)." }, { "genusId": "57573", "genus": "Lesothosaurus", "occurrenceId": "297836", "collectionId": "28613", "identifiedName": "Lesothosaurus diagnosticus", "acceptedName": "Lesothosaurus diagnosticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12660", "collectionReferenceId": "7893", "cc": "LS", "state": "Quthing", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Ft. Hartley, Likhoele (UCL)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from the \"Red Beds of the Stormberg Series\" which are \"generally supposed to be of Upper Triassic age.\" = upper Elliot Fm.", "geogcomments": "between Fort Hartley and Cutting Camp, SW Lesotho, about 75 S of Maseru. Coordinates are for halfway between Fort Hartley and Cutting Camp." }, { "genusId": "57573", "genus": "Lesothosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534735", "collectionId": "45796", "identifiedName": "Stormbergia dangershoeki n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lesothosaurus diagnosticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14837", "collectionReferenceId": "12138", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Herschel", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Dangershoek", "collection_aka": "Dangers Hoek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Red Beds\" of upper Elliot Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dangers Hoek (Dangershoek)" }, { "genusId": "57573", "genus": "Lesothosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534896", "collectionId": "55340", "identifiedName": "Stormbergia dangershoeki n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lesothosaurus diagnosticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14837", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "LS", "state": "Quthing", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Pokane (UCL/BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Red Beds\" of Upper Elliot Fm.", "geogcomments": "near Pokane, Lesotho" }, { "genusId": "57573", "genus": "Lesothosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534903", "collectionId": "48391", "identifiedName": "Stormbergia dangershoeki", "acceptedName": "Lesothosaurus diagnosticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14837", "collectionReferenceId": "12926", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Clocolon", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "south of road, farm Mequatling (278) (\"middle Elliot\")", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "bones from \"a distinctive horizon within the Elliot Formation\" - within the \"Red Beds\" of the upper Elliot Fm.", "geogcomments": "1 km long exposure, farm Mequatling (278), about 20 km WSW of town of Clocolan, S of road between Clocolan and Excelsior." }, { "genusId": "57573", "genus": "Lesothosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534935", "collectionId": "55342", "identifiedName": "Lesothosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Lesothosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10598", "collectionReferenceId": "10598", "cc": "LS", "state": "Quthing", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Masitise 1 (MNHN)", "collection_aka": "Masitisi", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Elliot Fm.", "geogcomments": "locality uncertain, but \"probably\" from near Masitise (= Masitisi), Quthing district, between Alwynskop and Moyeni" }, { "genusId": "57573", "genus": "Lesothosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534936", "collectionId": "55343", "identifiedName": "Lesothosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Lesothosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14839", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "LS", "state": "Quthing", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Masitise 2 (MNHN)", "collection_aka": "Masitisi", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Elliot Fm.", "geogcomments": "from near Masitise (= Masitisi), Quthing district, between Alwynskop and Moyeni; Palmietfontein map" }, { "genusId": "57573", "genus": "Lesothosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534993", "collectionId": "55339", "identifiedName": "Lesothosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Lesothosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14867", "collectionReferenceId": "14838", "cc": "LS", "state": "Mafeteng", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "north flank, Likhoele Mountain (MNHN)", "collection_aka": "Mafeteng", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"Upper Triassic Red Beds of the Stormberg Series\" = \"Red Beds\" of upper Elliot Fm.", "geogcomments": "northern flank of Likhoele Mountain, near settlement of Mafeteng, Lesotho (then Basutoland)." }, { "genusId": "57573", "genus": "Lesothosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056067", "collectionId": "232311", "identifiedName": "? Lesothosaurus diagnosticus", "acceptedName": "Lesothosaurus diagnosticus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94135", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Clocolon", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Mequatling (459) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "278", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Farm Mequatling (459) (incorrectly listed as 278 in Smith & Kitching 1997), Clocolan area, Setsoto local municipality" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Lesothosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "genus:57573" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57573" ], "candidateIds": [ "57573" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68587", "name": "Lessemsaurus", "displayName": "Lessemsaurus", "attribution": "Bonaparte 1999", "rawAttribution": "Bonaparte 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68587", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Lessemsauridae", "Lessemsaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "378704", "68587" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68587", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Lessemsaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68587" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68587", "genus": "Lessemsaurus", "occurrenceId": "539206", "collectionId": "56156", "identifiedName": "Lessemsaurus sauropoides n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lessemsaurus sauropoides", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15138", "collectionReferenceId": "15138", "cc": "AR", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "Independencia", "formation": "Los Colorados", "member": "", "geological_group": "Agua de la Peña", "collection_name": "Paraje La Esquina", "collection_aka": "Lessemsaurus type site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation, Upper Norian, Coloradian Reptile Age; \"same levels\" as most other fossils in this unit from the same area; formation is considered to be latest Triassic in age", "geogcomments": "Paraje la Esquina, Dpto. Independencia, SW La Rioja province, about 8 km west of provincial route 26, km 142" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Lessemsauridae", "Lessemsaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Lessemsauridae", "genus:68587" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "378702", "68587" ], "candidateIds": [ "378702", "68587" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "148874", "name": "Levnesovia", "displayName": "Levnesovia", "attribution": "Sues and Averianov 2009", "rawAttribution": "Sues and Averianov 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=148874", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Levnesovia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "148874" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=148874", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Levnesovia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=148874" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "148874", "genus": "Levnesovia", "occurrenceId": "559654", "collectionId": "46959", "identifiedName": "Levnesovia transoxiana", "acceptedName": "Levnesovia transoxiana", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30213", "collectionReferenceId": "64195", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CDZh-17a, Dzharakuduk II, Kulbeke", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 26 m above base\r\n\r\nAlso described as Taykarshinskaya beds.", "geogcomments": "Dzhyrakuduk (Dzharakuduk), near Bukhara, central Kyzylkum Desert, Kulbeke spring" }, { "genusId": "148874", "genus": "Levnesovia", "occurrenceId": "559687", "collectionId": "58168", "identifiedName": "Levnesovia transoxiana", "acceptedName": "Levnesovia transoxiana", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30213", "collectionReferenceId": "38131", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-14, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk; Dzhara-Kuduk, Dzhirakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk, Kul’beke, TsBI-14", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 57 m above the base of the formation", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area, 32 km SW of Mynbulak" }, { "genusId": "148874", "genus": "Levnesovia", "occurrenceId": "708328", "collectionId": "75943", "identifiedName": "Levnesovia transoxiana", "acceptedName": "Levnesovia transoxiana", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30213", "collectionReferenceId": "25546", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dzharakuduk II (general)", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk, Djira-Kuduk, Itemir (error)", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle-upper Turonian (Averianov 2007)", "geogcomments": "Dzhyrakuduk (Dzharakuduk), near Bukhara, central Kyzylkum Desert, 50 km W of Bukan-tau. \"Dzharakuduk II\" is a complex of sites within an overall outcrop; this locality includes specimens not assigned to individual sites within the complex. Note that this locality was listed as \"Dzhara-Kuduk (Itermir)\" by Kurzanov (1976), apparently in error." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Levnesovia" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:148874" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "148874" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UZ", "bissekty" ], "label": "Bissekty Formation · UZ", "occurrenceId": "708328", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Levnesovia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Levnesovia": [ "559654", "559687", "708328" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "148874" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38288", "name": "Lewisuchus", "displayName": "Lewisuchus", "attribution": "Romer 1972", "rawAttribution": "Romer 1972", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38288", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Silesauridae", "Lewisuchus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "163003", "38288" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Tooth morphology is explicitly compared with carnivorous archosauriforms in the osteological revision.; Attributed right maxillary teeth, not the reassigned isolated mandible", "references": [ { "id": "G16", "title": "Osteology of the Middle Triassic archosaur Lewisuchus admixtus Romer (Chañares Formation, Argentina), its inclusivity, and relationships amongst early dinosauromorphs", "authors": "Bittencourt, Arcucci, Marsicano and Langer", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2013.878758", "url": "https://www.paleolab.com.br/assets/uploads/files/pdf/(054)%20Bittencourt%20et%20al%202014.pdf", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "Author-hosted full PDF; dentition description pp. 4 and assignment discussion read; online 2014, journal volume 2015", "dietSupport": "Attributed right maxillary teeth are compressed, recurved and serrated, resembling carnivorous archosauriforms. Diet remains a morphological inference, independent of reassigned isolated lower-jaw material.", "webRefs": [ "turn609view0", "turn610view2" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "comparisonValues": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "literature-reviewed", "rationale": "Chañares material is Triassic. Frozen occurrence 272328 / collection 26092 is incorrectly bounded Longobardian to Judithian (239.48–72.2 Ma); this collection metadata is not evidence that Lewisuchus survived into the Jurassic or Cretaceous. Preserve the captured values, but use the primary osteological revision for the clue.", "references": [ { "id": "G16", "title": "Osteology of the Middle Triassic archosaur Lewisuchus admixtus Romer (Chañares Formation, Argentina), its inclusivity, and relationships amongst early dinosauromorphs", "authors": "Bittencourt, Arcucci, Marsicano and Langer", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2013.878758", "url": "https://www.paleolab.com.br/assets/uploads/files/pdf/(054)%20Bittencourt%20et%20al%202014.pdf", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "Author-hosted full PDF; dentition description pp. 4 and assignment discussion read; online 2014, journal volume 2015", "dietSupport": "Attributed right maxillary teeth are compressed, recurved and serrated, resembling carnivorous archosauriforms. Diet remains a morphological inference, independent of reassigned isolated lower-jaw material.", "webRefs": [ "turn609view0", "turn610view2" ] } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Lewisuchus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38288" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38288", "genus": "Lewisuchus", "occurrenceId": "149866", "collectionId": "13271", "identifiedName": "Lewisuchus admixtus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lewisuchus admixtus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4399", "collectionReferenceId": "17343", "cc": "AR", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "", "formation": "Chañares", "member": "", "geological_group": "Agua de la Peña", "collection_name": "Chañares River, 4 km north", "collection_aka": "Los Chañares", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "4 km N of mouth of Chañares River" }, { "genusId": "38288", "genus": "Lewisuchus", "occurrenceId": "272328", "collectionId": "26092", "identifiedName": "Pseudolagosuchus major", "acceptedName": "Lewisuchus admixtus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7234", "collectionReferenceId": "7234", "cc": "AR", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "", "formation": "Chañares", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Agua de la Peña", "collection_name": "Chañares Tetrapod Assemblage", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1586, Los Chañares", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Classic Los Chanares locality, near Rio Chanares. NOTE: original ETE collection 1586 was listed separately, but has now been combined with this one, and original ETE comments are in brackets: []" }, { "genusId": "38288", "genus": "Lewisuchus", "occurrenceId": "923804", "collectionId": "105535", "identifiedName": "Pseudolagosuchus major n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lewisuchus admixtus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13244", "collectionReferenceId": "35260", "cc": "AR", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "", "formation": "Chañares", "member": "", "geological_group": "Agua de la Peña", "collection_name": "Rio Chañares", "collection_aka": "Chanares", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38288", "genus": "Lewisuchus", "occurrenceId": "1475020", "collectionId": "205839", "identifiedName": "Lewisuchus admixtus", "acceptedName": "Lewisuchus admixtus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70604", "collectionReferenceId": "70604", "cc": "AR", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "", "formation": "Chañares", "member": "", "geological_group": "Agua de la Peña", "collection_name": "Campo Córdoba Sur", "collection_aka": "Romer Reloaded", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"boundary between the Tarjados and Chañares formations, lower member of the Chañares Formation, lower–middle levels of the Massetognathus– Chanaresuchus Assemblage Zone (ca. 236 Ma, early Carnian)\" Ezcurra, Fiorelli, Martinelli, Rocher, von Baczko, Ezpeleta, Taborda, Hechenleitner, Trotteyn & Desojo 2017 provide radiometric date from higher in formation.", "geogcomments": "Campo Córdoba Sur (Romer Reloaded; 29° 490 58.9”S, 67° 450 00.3”W), Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, Talampaya National Park, La Rioja Province, NW Argentina" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Lewisuchus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "38288", "rationale": "Use the published early ornithischian grade, removing the incompatible imported Silesauridae/Sulcimentisauria grouping. Do not imply a monophyletic family in this chosen model.", "references": [ { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." }, { "id": "path-audit-fonseca-supplement", "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary supplementary taxon table and anatomical comments read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11" } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "genus:38288" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38288" ], "candidateIds": [ "38288" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "242728", "name": "Leyesaurus", "displayName": "Leyesaurus", "attribution": "Apaldetti et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Apaldetti et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=242728", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Leyesaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "56621", "242728" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Massospondylidae › Leyesaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Infer predominantly plant-based feeding from close relatives; do not claim observed meals or exclude occasional animal consumption.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=242728", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Leyesaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=242728" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "242728", "genus": "Leyesaurus", "occurrenceId": "1063646", "collectionId": "131450", "identifiedName": "Leyesaurus marayensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Leyesaurus marayensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42432", "collectionReferenceId": "58652", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "Caucete", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Marayes", "collection_name": "Balde de Leyes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A recent stratigraphic revision (Martinez et al., 2013 (ref. 58021)- supplementary information) proposes that the upper horizon of the Quebrada del Barro containing Leyasaurus marayensis should be classified as a separate stratigraphic unit from the other (lower) horizons of the Quebrada del Barro. The other horizons are assigned to Norian age. The Leyesaurus horizon retains its Early Jurassic designation, due to the species' affinity with other Early Jurassic sauropodomorphs.", "geogcomments": "Balde de Leyes, Marayes Basin, NW Argentina" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Leyesaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Massospondylidae", "genus:242728" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "146361", "242728", "171910" ], "candidateIds": [ "146361", "242728", "171910" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "55581", "name": "Liaoceratops", "displayName": "Liaoceratops", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2002", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2002", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55581", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Liaoceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "52774", "55581" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55581", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Liaoceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55581" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "55581", "genus": "Liaoceratops", "occurrenceId": "537316", "collectionId": "53493", "identifiedName": "Liaoceratops yanzigouensis", "acceptedName": "Liaoceratops yanzigouensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14923", "collectionReferenceId": "14918", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal member of Yixian Formation = Member 1 = Lujiatun beds; 40Ar/39Ar age for bed is 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma.\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Lujiatun village (N 41° 36.201'; E 120° 54.793'), Shangyuan, Beipiao City" }, { "genusId": "55581", "genus": "Liaoceratops", "occurrenceId": "537338", "collectionId": "55685", "identifiedName": "Liaoceratops yanzigouensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Liaoceratops yanzigouensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14923", "collectionReferenceId": "12906", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Yanzigou, Shanyuan", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lowest part of Yixian Formation. He et al 2006 give Ar-Ar date of 123.2±1.0 Ma. 'Lujiatun bed'\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Shanyuan, western Liaoning Province" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Liaoceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "genus:55581" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55575", "66588", "94031", "426795", "67673", "55581", "328822", "498078", "85967" ], "candidateIds": [ "55581" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "yixian" ], "label": "Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "537338", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Liaoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Archaeoceratops", "Asiaceratops", "Auroraceratops", "Beg", "Graciliceratops", "Mosaiceratops", "Sasayamagnomus", "Yamaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Liaoceratops": [ "537316", "537338" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "55581" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68244", "name": "Liaoningosaurus", "displayName": "Liaoningosaurus", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2001", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2001", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68244", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Liaoningosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "68244" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68244", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Liaoningosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68244" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68244", "genus": "Liaoningosaurus", "occurrenceId": "537315", "collectionId": "55683", "identifiedName": "Liaoningosaurus paradoxus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Liaoningosaurus paradoxus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14922", "collectionReferenceId": "14922", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Dakangpu", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Wangjiagou", "collection_aka": "Dawangzhangzhi Beds, Baicaigou", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from the Dakangpu Bed (equivalent to Dawangzhangzi Bed)", "geogcomments": "WangJiagou, Yixian, Liaoning Province, China - may be the same as Baicaigou" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Liaoningosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "genus:68244" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57228", "302920", "484516", "84234", "500588", "68244", "52794" ], "candidateIds": [ "68244" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "yixian" ], "label": "Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "537315", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Liaoningosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bissektipelta", "Chuanqilong", "Datai", "Gobisaurus", "Huaxiazhoulong", "Shamosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Liaoningosaurus": [ "537315" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68244" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "377178", "name": "Liaoningotitan", "displayName": "Liaoningotitan", "attribution": "Zhou et al. 2018", "rawAttribution": "Zhou et al. 2018", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=377178", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Liaoningotitan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "377178" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Rhät missing at Frick, so this bed is equivalent to Knollenmergel, or upper Middle Keuper. Layer locally called the \"Obere bunte Mergelschichten\" = actually is lower part of Löwenstein Fm. Now the Gruhalde Member of the Klettgau Fm.", "geogcomments": "\"Gruhalde\" clay quarry, Frick, Kanton Aargau, Switzerland. Quarry of the Tonwerke Keller A. 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Dorn (1930) thought that the site was actually between Heroldsberg and Günthersbühl, rather than the clay pit at Buchenbühl (as claimed by Blanckenhorn, 1897)." }, { "genusId": "55542", "genus": "Liliensternus", "occurrenceId": "486413", "collectionId": "48694", "identifiedName": "Halticosaurus liliensterni n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Liliensternus liliensterni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13767", "collectionReferenceId": "13767", "cc": "DE", "state": "Thuringia", "county": "", "formation": "Trossingen", "member": "Knollenmergel", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Grossen Gleichberg, Römhild", "collection_aka": "Grossen-Gleichberg", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Steinmergelbank, Knollenmergel", "geogcomments": "Grossen Gleichberg, near Römhild, SW of Hildburghausen, S Thuringia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Liliensternus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "genus:55542" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55542", "391299", "38519" ], "candidateIds": [ "55542", "391299", "38519" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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UTM 2070559882 / 9726080" }, { "genusId": "63871", "genus": "Limaysaurus", "occurrenceId": "564732", "collectionId": "58981", "identifiedName": "Rebbachisaurus tessonei", "acceptedName": "Limaysaurus tessonei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16726", "collectionReferenceId": "16726", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Huincul", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Villa El Chocón, 5 km southwest (MUCP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Río Limay Subgroup, base of formation", "geogcomments": "approx 5 km SW of El Chocón, along NW border of Lake Ezquiel Ramos Méxia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Rebbachisauridae", "Khebbashia", "Limaysaurinae", "Limaysaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Rebbachisauridae", "clade:Khebbashia", "clade:Limaysaurinae", "genus:63871" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "89494", "63871" ], "candidateIds": [ "89494", "63871" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "148870", "name": "Limusaurus", "displayName": "Limusaurus", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=148870", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Noasauridae", "Elaphrosaurinae", "Limusaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "54535", "453520", "148870" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Age-dependent diet: genus-wide herbivore-only or carnivore-only clue is misleading.; Juvenile omnivory/adult herbivory", "references": [ { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "genus-isotope-plus-anatomy-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=148870", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Limusaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=148870" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "148870", "genus": "Limusaurus", "occurrenceId": "819582", "collectionId": "90081", "identifiedName": "Limusaurus inextricabilis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Limusaurus inextricabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30210", "collectionReferenceId": "30210", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Shishugou", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "TBB2005, Wucaiwan", "collection_aka": "Limusaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "Wucaiwan area, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang." }, { "genusId": "148870", "genus": "Limusaurus", "occurrenceId": "935638", "collectionId": "58489", "identifiedName": "Limusaurus inextricabilis", "acceptedName": "Limusaurus inextricabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35849", "collectionReferenceId": "16595", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Shishugou", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "TBB2002, Wucaiwan", "collection_aka": "Guanlong type site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "Wucaiwan area, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang." }, { "genusId": "148870", "genus": "Limusaurus", "occurrenceId": "935640", "collectionId": "107804", "identifiedName": "Limusaurus inextricabilis", "acceptedName": "Limusaurus inextricabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35849", "collectionReferenceId": "35849", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Shishugou", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "TBB2001, Wucaiwan", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "Wucaiwan area, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Noasauridae", "Elaphrosaurinae", "Limusaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Noasauridae", "clade:Elaphrosaurinae", "genus:148870" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148870" ], "candidateIds": [ "148870" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243255", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Linhevenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243255" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "243255", "genus": "Linhevenator", "occurrenceId": "1066197", "collectionId": "131828", "identifiedName": "Linhevenator tani n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Linhevenator tani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42491", "collectionReferenceId": "42491", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Wulatehouqi", "formation": "Wulansuhai", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "\"North Canyon\" locality, Bayan Mandahu", "collection_aka": "Wulatehouqi, Linhevenator type-locality; Bayan Manduhu Fossil Preserve", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Based on Google Earth location of the town Linhe from which the taxon name partially derives." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Linhevenator" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Troodontinae", "genus:243255" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "candidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65826", "name": "Lirainosaurus", "displayName": "Lirainosaurus", "attribution": "Sanz et al. 1999", "rawAttribution": "Sanz et al. 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65826", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Lirainosaurinae", "Lirainosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "58924", "373264", "65826" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65826", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Lirainosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65826" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65826", "genus": "Lirainosaurus", "occurrenceId": "298934", "collectionId": "28406", "identifiedName": "Lirainosaurus astibiae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lirainosaurus astibiae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9559", "collectionReferenceId": "55315", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Vitoria", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L1A", "collection_aka": "Laño Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in a sector of the south limb of the Miranda-Trevino syncline, level is also called L1A\r\nlower pat of subchron C32n\r\nAlso assigned to Sedano Fm. or its equivalent", "geogcomments": "approx 1 km. west of Laño, Spain, a disused sand quarry, Treviño, Burgos.\n\nThe Laño quarry is located between the villages of Laño and Albaina in the Condado de Treviño, an enclave of the province of Burgos that lies within Alava in the Basque Country, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula" }, { "genusId": "65826", "genus": "Lirainosaurus", "occurrenceId": "388971", "collectionId": "37199", "identifiedName": "Lirainosaurus astibiae", "acceptedName": "Lirainosaurus astibiae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9559", "collectionReferenceId": "9512", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Sedano", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L2", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "same horizon as L1A, but on other side of the quarry (northeast part).\nSedano Formation, upper Campanian (C32n) (Corral et al., 2016)", "geogcomments": "Iberian Peninsula (Basque-Cantabrian Region), Condado de Treviño, Burgos" }, { "genusId": "65826", "genus": "Lirainosaurus", "occurrenceId": "388982", "collectionId": "28765", "identifiedName": "Lirainosaurus astibiae", "acceptedName": "Lirainosaurus astibiae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9559", "collectionReferenceId": "7903", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Vitoria", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L1B (S2U1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "separated from underlying S1U3 by an unconformity, level also called L1B", "geogcomments": "approx 1 km. west of Laño, Spain, a disused sand quarry; Treviño, Burgos" }, { "genusId": "65826", "genus": "Lirainosaurus", "occurrenceId": "528128", "collectionId": "53918", "identifiedName": "Lirainosaurus cf. astibiae", "acceptedName": "Lirainosaurus astibiae", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32749", "collectionReferenceId": "30625", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valencia", "county": "", "formation": "Sierra Perenchiza", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chera 0", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Early to Middle Campanian, single bed, outcrop.\nUpper Campanian (Company, 2005, Company et al., 2005)", "geogcomments": "in the Chera Basin" }, { "genusId": "65826", "genus": "Lirainosaurus", "occurrenceId": "869780", "collectionId": "96459", "identifiedName": "Lirainosaurus cf. astibiae", "acceptedName": "Lirainosaurus astibiae", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32749", "collectionReferenceId": "55386", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valencia", "county": "", "formation": "Sierra Perenchiza", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chera 1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Company & Szentesi (2012) list this formation as late Campanian to early Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "65826", "genus": "Lirainosaurus", "occurrenceId": "869782", "collectionId": "96460", "identifiedName": "Lirainosaurus cf. astibiae", "acceptedName": "Lirainosaurus astibiae", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32749", "collectionReferenceId": "55386", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valencia", "county": "", "formation": "Sierra Perenchiza", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chera 1c", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Company & Szentesi (2012) list this formation as late Campanian to early Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "65826", "genus": "Lirainosaurus", "occurrenceId": "869786", "collectionId": "96461", "identifiedName": "Lirainosaurus cf. astibiae", "acceptedName": "Lirainosaurus astibiae", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32749", "collectionReferenceId": "32749", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valencia", "county": "", "formation": "Sierra Perenchiza", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Castellana 2", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Company & Szentesi (2012) list this formation as late Campanian to early Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "in the Chera Basin" }, { "genusId": "65826", "genus": "Lirainosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1278687", "collectionId": "132354", "identifiedName": "cf. Lirainosaurus astibiae", "acceptedName": "Lirainosaurus astibiae", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55429", "collectionReferenceId": "46006", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Var", "formation": "Grès à Reptiles", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fox-Amphoux-Métisson", "collection_aka": "Fox-Amphoux", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "part of the Fox-Amphoux syncline; = Lower Rognacian", "geogcomments": "Fox-Amphoux-Métisson locality, located in the property of \"Le Domaine de Métisson\" in the Fox-Amphoux Syncline, Fox-Amphoux, Var" }, { "genusId": "65826", "genus": "Lirainosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1278688", "collectionId": "48850", "identifiedName": "cf. Lirainosaurus astibiae", "acceptedName": "Lirainosaurus astibiae", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55429", "collectionReferenceId": "30925", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Aude", "formation": "Marnes Rouges Inférieures", "member": "Marnes de la Maurine", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bellevue, locality C3 (C III)", "collection_aka": "Campagne-sur-Aude", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the Maurine Red Marls Formation", "geogcomments": "Bellevue, Campagne-sur-Aude" }, { "genusId": "65826", "genus": "Lirainosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1553682", "collectionId": "197954", "identifiedName": "cf. Lirainosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Lirainosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76129", "collectionReferenceId": "76129", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla-La Mancha", "county": "Guadalajara", "formation": "Villalba de la Sierra", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sacedón", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Lirainosaurinae", "Lirainosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Eutitanosauria", "clade:Lirainosaurinae", "genus:65826" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65139", "169824", "430752", "65826" ], "candidateIds": [ "65139", "169824", "430752", "65826" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "502297", "name": "Lishulong", "displayName": "Lishulong", "attribution": "Zhang et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Zhang et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=502297", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Lishulong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "502297" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Recent original description anchors placement; feeding is inferred from relatives.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Sauropodiformes › Lishulong; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Plant dependence is broadly supported by craniodental evolution; feeding specialisation varies and exclusivity is not assumed.", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. 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Calvados, 10 km E of Caen, Normandy" }, { "genusId": "142526", "genus": "Loricatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "708309", "collectionId": "59128", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus priscus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Loricatosaurus priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25691", "collectionReferenceId": "25692", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Cambridgeshire", "formation": "Oxford Clay", "member": "Peterborough", "geological_group": "Ancholme", "collection_name": "Fletton brick pit, Peterborough (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "Felton", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "brick pit near Peterborough" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Neostegosauria", "Stegosaurinae", "Loricatosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Stegosauridae", "clade:Neostegosauria", "clade:Stegosaurinae", "genus:142526" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "142526", "38814" ], "candidateIds": [ "142526", "38814" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "57684", "name": "Losillasaurus", "displayName": "Losillasaurus", "attribution": "Casanovas et al. 2001", "rawAttribution": "Casanovas et al. 2001", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57684", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Turiasauria", "Losillasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "91328", "57684" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57684", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Losillasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57684" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "57684", "genus": "Losillasaurus", "occurrenceId": "409343", "collectionId": "39423", "identifiedName": "Losillasaurus giganteus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Losillasaurus giganteus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10657", "collectionReferenceId": "16835", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valencia", "county": "Aras de los Olmos", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Cañada, Barranco de Escáiz", "collection_aka": "Escaiz, Losilla de Aras, La Carnicera, Los Serranos, Losilla I", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally described as from the \"Wealden\" Collado Fm.\r\n\r\nAge of Villar del Arzobispo Formation constrained to Kimmeridgian-Tithonian by Campos-Soto et al. (2017), rather than Tithonian-Berriasian of older literature", "geogcomments": "La Cañada site, 800 m from Losilla, left margin of the barranco de Escáiz, municipality of Aras de Alpuente, Los Serranos basin, Valencia; coordinates given as X = 662.000, Y = 4.426.000, Z = 980 m" }, { "genusId": "57684", "genus": "Losillasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1525180", "collectionId": "213533", "identifiedName": "Losillasaurus giganteus", "acceptedName": "Losillasaurus giganteus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73748", "collectionReferenceId": "83320", "cc": "ES", "state": "Teruel", "county": "", "formation": "Villar del Arzobispo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "San Lorenzo, RD-28", "collection_aka": "Riodeva", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "57684", "genus": "Losillasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1525186", "collectionId": "213534", "identifiedName": "Losillasaurus giganteus", "acceptedName": "Losillasaurus giganteus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73748", "collectionReferenceId": "76192", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Baléal cliffs, Peniche", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "cliffs of Baleal, Peniche, Bombarral Sub-basin" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Turiasauria", "Losillasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Turiasauria", "genus:57684" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "409504", "57684", "91327", "294727" ], "candidateIds": [ "409504", "57684", "91327", "294727" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65333", "name": "Lourinhanosaurus", "displayName": "Lourinhanosaurus", "attribution": "Mateus 1998", "rawAttribution": "Mateus 1998", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65333", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Lourinhanosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "65333" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Predatory tetanuran bracket and tentative food-bone association; gastroliths not plant proof.", "references": [ { "id": "DE10", "title": "Lourinhanosaurus antunesi, a new Upper Jurassic allosauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Lourinha, Portugal", "authors": "Mateus", "year": 1998, "doi": null, "url": "https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/omateus/files/mateus_1998_lourinhanosaurus_antunesi.pdf", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Original paper PDF on author university page; material, gastrolith and discussion sections read", "dietSupport": "Three bone fragments near gastroliths are tentatively interpreted as food remains. Carnivory remains anatomical/relative inference; gastroliths alone do not demonstrate herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn657view3", "turn660view3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-inferred", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65333", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Lourinhanosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65333" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65333", "genus": "Lourinhanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489358", "collectionId": "49261", "identifiedName": "Lourinhanosaurus antunesi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lourinhanosaurus antunesi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13153", "collectionReferenceId": "13153", "cc": "PT", "state": "Estremadura", "county": "Louriñha", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia Azul", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Peralta", "collection_aka": "Lourinhanosaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. Sobral Mb. of Farta Pao Fm.", "geogcomments": "Peralta, 75 km NW of Lisbon, near Louriñha, UTM = MD707443" }, { "genusId": "65333", "genus": "Lourinhanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489386", "collectionId": "49266", "identifiedName": "Lourinhanosaurus antunesi", "acceptedName": "Lourinhanosaurus antunesi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19887", "collectionReferenceId": "13161", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Lisboa", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Paimogo nest site", "collection_aka": "Forte Pai Mogo, Forte de Paimogo", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Porto Novo Member or subunit; probably basal Tithonian, Ti1\r\n\r\nMateus et al. 2017: The biostratigraphy based in a combination of forams, ostracods and dinocysts presented by Taylor et al. (2013) indicates for the two lower shelly levels a latest Kimmeridgian to earliest Tithonian age (tethyan ammonites Beckeri and Hybonotum Zones).\r\n", "geogcomments": "Paimogo (Forte Pai Mogo), 60 km NNW of Lisbon, near Louriñha, near top of cliffs along the Atlantic" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Lourinhanosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "genus:65333" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38538", "72320", "65333" ], "candidateIds": [ "38538", "72320", "65333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "71349", "name": "Lourinhasaurus", "displayName": "Lourinhasaurus", "attribution": "Dantas et al. 1998", "rawAttribution": "Dantas et al. 1998", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71349", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Camarasauromorpha", "Camarasauridae", "Lourinhasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "71921", "38696", "71349" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71349", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Lourinhasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71349" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "71349", "genus": "Lourinhasaurus", "occurrenceId": "489234", "collectionId": "49218", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus alenquerensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13143", "collectionReferenceId": "45822", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Lisboa", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Moinho do Carmo, Alenquer", "collection_aka": "Carmo windmill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "bed C3; also \"Arranho Unit\", Sobral Fm.", "geogcomments": "in the middle of a country path, several dozen meters N of the ruined windmill named Moinho do Carmo, situated about 1,500 m S of Alenquer" }, { "genusId": "71349", "genus": "Lourinhasaurus", "occurrenceId": "489278", "collectionId": "49229", "identifiedName": "? Camarasaurus alenquerensis", "acceptedName": "Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13559", "collectionReferenceId": "46682", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Santarem", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vila Nova de Ourém", "collection_aka": "Vestaria, Ourem", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. \"Conglomerados de Caranguejeira\", mid-Cretaceous, but now \"?Alcobaça Formation\" (Mocho et al., 2017)", "geogcomments": "Vila Nova de Ourém, Vestaria, Bombarral Sub-Basin" }, { "genusId": "71349", "genus": "Lourinhasaurus", "occurrenceId": "489283", "collectionId": "49230", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus alenquerensis", "acceptedName": "Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13143", "collectionReferenceId": "13143", "cc": "PT", "state": "Lisboa", "county": "", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Porto das Barcas", "collection_aka": "Porto de Barcas", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. Sobral Mb.", "geogcomments": "near Porto das Barcas" }, { "genusId": "71349", "genus": "Lourinhasaurus", "occurrenceId": "489327", "collectionId": "49247", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus alenquerensis", "acceptedName": "Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13143", "collectionReferenceId": "13143", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Alcobaça", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. Sobral Mb. of Farta Pao Fm.", "geogcomments": "Alcobaça" }, { "genusId": "71349", "genus": "Lourinhasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1554276", "collectionId": "49219", "identifiedName": "Apatosaurus alenquerensis", "acceptedName": "Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13143", "collectionReferenceId": "13143", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Murteiras, Foz do Arelho", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"? middle Upper Kimmeridgian\" in Galton 1991 but could be either Alcobaça or Bombarral Fm.\r\n\r\nLourinhã Fm is considered late Kimmeridgian-late Tithonian and it incorporates the Alcobaça Fm (Kimmeridgian) and the Bombarral Fm (also known as Grés Superiores; late Tithonian-early Berrisian). Taylor et al. 2013 suggested the Lourinhã Fm be subdivided into members, but Mateus et al. 2017 proposed a revised stratiraphy of the Luisitanian Basin. The Alcobaça Formation is Late Kimmeridigan and overlain by the Lourinha Formation. The Lourinhã Formation is made up of the Praia da Amoreira and Porto Novo (late Kimmeridgian) members, Praia Azul member (latest Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian) and the Assenta member (late Tithonian-earliest Berrisian). The Lourinha Formation is overlain by the Porto da Calada Formation (Berrisian).", "geogcomments": "in the Murteiras ravine, which terminates at the maritime cliff N of Foz do Arelho; site is 550 m N10°E of the ruined Eirinhas windmill and 1075 m W10°S of the Bouro geodesic signal" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Camarasauromorpha", "Camarasauridae", "Lourinhasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Camarasauromorpha", "clade:Camarasauridae", "genus:71349" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38697", "71349" ], "candidateIds": [ "38697", "71349" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "142706", "name": "Luanchuanraptor", "displayName": "Luanchuanraptor", "attribution": "Lü and et al 2007", "rawAttribution": "Lü and et al 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=142706", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Luanchuanraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "142706" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=142706", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Luanchuanraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=142706" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "142706", "genus": "Luanchuanraptor", "occurrenceId": "914477", "collectionId": "84996", "identifiedName": "Luanchuanraptor henanensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Luanchuanraptor henanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34984", "collectionReferenceId": "28521", "cc": "CN", "state": "Henan", "county": "Luanchuan", "formation": "Qiupa", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Qiupa, Luanchuan Basin", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"late Late Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "Near village of Qiupa, Luanchuan Basin (also listed as Luanchuan County, Tantou Basin).\r\n\"At least five individuals of Yulong were found in the Qiupa Area, but they are from different quarries up to 4 km apart. The geological survey indicates that these different quarries belong to the same age.\" (Lü et al. 2013) — indicates geographic resolution of 'local area' until more detailed provenance data are provided." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Luanchuanraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "genus:142706" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470203", "444049", "142706", "58873", "152529", "438217", "372130" ], "candidateIds": [ "142706" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "qiupa" ], "label": "Qiupa Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "914477", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Luanchuanraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daurlong", "Kuru", "Richardoestesia", "Tianyuraptor", "Wulong", "Zhenyuanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Luanchuanraptor": [ "914477" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "142706" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "370733", "name": "Lucianovenator", "displayName": "Lucianovenator", "attribution": "Martinez and Apaldetti 2017", "rawAttribution": "Martinez and Apaldetti 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=370733", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Coelophysoidea", "Coelophysidae", "Lucianovenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "55476", "55478", "370733" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=370733", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Lucianovenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=370733" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "370733", "genus": "Lucianovenator", "occurrenceId": "1347830", "collectionId": "182613", "identifiedName": "Lucianovenator bonoi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lucianovenator bonoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65741", "collectionReferenceId": "60799", "cc": "AR", "state": "San Juan", "county": "Caucete", "formation": "Quebrada del Barro", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quebrada del Puma", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "A late Norian age was recently proposed for this formation based on biostratigraphic correlations with the Los Colorados Formation from the neighboring Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Coelophysoidea", "Coelophysidae", "Lucianovenator" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Coelophysoidea", "clade:Coelophysidae", "genus:370733" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370733", "101006", "370731" ], "candidateIds": [ "370733", "101006", "370731" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38641", "name": "Lufengosaurus", "displayName": "Lufengosaurus", "attribution": "Young 1940", "rawAttribution": "Young 1940", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38641", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Lufengosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "56621", "38641" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Massospondylidae › Lufengosaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Infer predominantly plant-based feeding from close relatives; do not claim observed meals or exclude occasional animal consumption.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38641", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Lufengosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38641" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490781", "collectionId": "49501", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12552", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shawan, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Dull Purplish beds of the Lower Lufeng Formation\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a Hettangian–Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "2 li S of Tachung; 3 km N of Lufeng city, near small village of Shawan" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490782", "collectionId": "49501", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12552", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shawan, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Dull Purplish beds of the Lower Lufeng Formation\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a Hettangian–Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "2 li S of Tachung; 3 km N of Lufeng city, near small village of Shawan" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490785", "collectionId": "49503", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12552", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tachung, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Tachun, Dachung, Dachong", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a Hettangian–Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "1 km NE of Shawan" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490787", "collectionId": "49503", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12539", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tachung, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Tachun, Dachung, Dachong", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a Hettangian–Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "1 km NE of Shawan" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "492823", "collectionId": "49773", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12541", "collectionReferenceId": "12541", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huangchiatien, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Dahungtien; Dahuangtian, Huang-chia-tien, Huang Jia Tian", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Collection includes multiple specimens collected in this general area" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "492824", "collectionId": "49773", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12541", "collectionReferenceId": "12541", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huangchiatien, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Dahungtien; Dahuangtian, Huang-chia-tien, Huang Jia Tian", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Collection includes multiple specimens collected in this general area" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "566800", "collectionId": "59352", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12552", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "west of Heilungtan, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Heilongtan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "within the \"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "small hill just W of Heilungtan (= Heilongtan), about 5 li NE of Lufeng" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "566801", "collectionId": "59348", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12552", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ehrchuanshan (Lufeng)", "collection_aka": "Erhchuanshan, Er Zuan Shan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Ehrchuanshan, about 12 li NE of Lufeng" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "621559", "collectionId": "66926", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19052", "collectionReferenceId": "19052", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lufeng (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "given only as \"Lufeng\"" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "621560", "collectionId": "66926", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19052", "collectionReferenceId": "19052", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lufeng (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "given only as \"Lufeng\"" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "666808", "collectionId": "71802", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12552", "collectionReferenceId": "12552", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kaochiahoutou, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Kaochiahoutou, near Ehrchuanshan, NE of Lufeng city" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "666812", "collectionId": "71803", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12552", "collectionReferenceId": "12552", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tachung-Putsaowan, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Tachun, Dachung, Putaowan", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. It is not clear which member this locality belongs to.", "geogcomments": "from between Tachung and Putsaowan (Putaowan), NE of Shawan, north of Tachung, west of Lushuichia" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "666818", "collectionId": "71802", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12552", "collectionReferenceId": "12552", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kaochiahoutou, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Kaochiahoutou, near Ehrchuanshan, NE of Lufeng city" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735596", "collectionId": "72091", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9301", "collectionReferenceId": "43832", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tati, Lufeng (CUP)", "collection_aka": "Ta Ti, Dadi; near Dawa village", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Tati sites supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified aside from Tatisaurus." }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735733", "collectionId": "72091", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus hueni", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "43832", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tati, Lufeng (CUP)", "collection_aka": "Ta Ti, Dadi; near Dawa village", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Tati sites supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified aside from Tatisaurus." }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735734", "collectionId": "72091", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "43832", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tati, Lufeng (CUP)", "collection_aka": "Ta Ti, Dadi; near Dawa village", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Tati sites supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified aside from Tatisaurus." }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735735", "collectionId": "72091", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "43832", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tati, Lufeng (CUP)", "collection_aka": "Ta Ti, Dadi; near Dawa village", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Tati sites supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified aside from Tatisaurus." }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735802", "collectionId": "78993", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus hueni", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "26534", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hei Koa Peng, Lufeng (CUP, IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Heikoupeng, Heigoupeng", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Sites reported by Simmons supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\", just below the Ta Ti layer.\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Hei Koa Peng/Heikuopeng, near Ta Ti, NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified." }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735803", "collectionId": "78993", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "26534", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hei Koa Peng, Lufeng (CUP, IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Heikoupeng, Heigoupeng", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Sites reported by Simmons supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\", just below the Ta Ti layer.\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Hei Koa Peng/Heikuopeng, near Ta Ti, NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified." }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735804", "collectionId": "78993", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "26534", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hei Koa Peng, Lufeng (CUP, IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Heikoupeng, Heigoupeng", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Sites reported by Simmons supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\", just below the Ta Ti layer.\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Hei Koa Peng/Heikuopeng, near Ta Ti, NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified." }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735809", "collectionId": "78994", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus hueni", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "26534", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Yang Tsao Ti, Lufeng (upper)", "collection_aka": "CUP Locality No. 3", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Yang Tsao Ti, near Ta Ti, NE of Lufeng city." }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735810", "collectionId": "78994", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "26534", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Yang Tsao Ti, Lufeng (upper)", "collection_aka": "CUP Locality No. 3", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Yang Tsao Ti, near Ta Ti, NE of Lufeng city." }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "853632", "collectionId": "94783", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32325", "collectionReferenceId": "32325", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dawa Dinosaur Mountain", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092251", "collectionId": "59348", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14373", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ehrchuanshan (Lufeng)", "collection_aka": "Erhchuanshan, Er Zuan Shan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Ehrchuanshan, about 12 li NE of Lufeng" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1252927", "collectionId": "165590", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus changduensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus changduensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46057", "collectionReferenceId": "46057", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xizang", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "Duogaila", "geological_group": "Daye", "collection_name": "Changdu", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Changu area" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1299065", "collectionId": "173377", "identifiedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus huenei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56457", "collectionReferenceId": "56458", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dalishu bonebed, Konglongshan", "collection_aka": "Da Li Shu, Kong Long Shan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dalishu bonebed, near Dalishu village, Konglongshan town, Lufeng county, Yunnan" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1476508", "collectionId": "206023", "identifiedName": "? Lufengosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70670", "collectionReferenceId": "70670", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Chuxiong", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dawa bonebed", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "3-5 m below top of formation", "geogcomments": "Dawa bonebed, NNE of Lufeng" }, { "genusId": "38641", "genus": "Lufengosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1607813", "collectionId": "227429", "identifiedName": "cf. Lufengosaurus magnus", "acceptedName": "Lufengosaurus magnus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82845", "collectionReferenceId": "82845", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Ziliujing", "member": "Da'anzhai", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Liangshuijing, Zigong [Da'anzhai Mb.]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Liangshuijing, Zigong" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Lufengosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Massospondylidae", "genus:38641" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38641", "110385" ], "candidateIds": [ "38641", "110385" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "172316", "name": "Luoyanggia", "displayName": "Luoyanggia", "attribution": "Lü et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Lü et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=172316", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Oviraptoridae", "Luoyanggia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "38557", "172316" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. A blanket verified omnivore label is too strong; preserve potential animal supplementation and genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. 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", "geogcomments": "farm Bamboeskloof, Lady Grey" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Heterodontosauridae", "Heterodontosaurinae", "Lycorhinus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "path-audit-heterodontosauridae-ancestry", "rationale": "Apply the same published early ornithischian grade to core descendants and Eocursor; do not mix incompatible parents.", "references": [ { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "294659", "name": "Lythronax", "displayName": "Lythronax", "attribution": "Loewen et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Loewen et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=294659", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Lythronax" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "38606", "65352", "294659" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. 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Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=294659", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Lythronax", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=294659" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "294659", "genus": "Lythronax", "occurrenceId": "1630331", "collectionId": "230917", "identifiedName": "Lythronax argestes n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Lythronax argestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51074", "collectionReferenceId": "51074", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Wahweap", "member": "Reynolds Point", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nipple Butte (UMNH VP Loc. 1269)", "collection_aka": "GS-ENM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Nipple Butte, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument; S side of Wahweap outcrop belt, SW Kaiparowits Plateau" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Lythronax" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "clade:Tyrannosauridae", "clade:Tyrannosaurinae", "genus:294659" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "294659", "289801" ], "candidateIds": [ "294659", "289801" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=340975", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Machairoceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=340975" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Lund et al. (2016), Machairoceratops cronusi from the Wahweap Formation", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154403", "access": "Full article reviewed" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "340975", "genus": "Machairoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1328965", "collectionId": "178847", "identifiedName": "Machairoceratops cronusi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Machairoceratops cronusi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59187", "collectionReferenceId": "85396", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Wahweap", "member": "Coyote Point", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UMNH VP Loc. 1654, Star Seep", "collection_aka": "GS-ENM, Machairoceratops type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of upper member or \"upper sand member\", 246 m above base of formation", "geogcomments": "Star Seep area, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument" }, { "genusId": "340975", "genus": "Machairoceratops", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-14", "formation": "Wahweap" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Centrosaurinae", "Machairoceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Centrosaurinae", "genus:340975" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170568", "340975", "437582", "38857", "418756", "324308", "249798" ], "candidateIds": [ "170568", "340975" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "wahweap", "coyote point" ], "label": "Coyote Point Member · Wahweap Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1328965", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Machairoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Diabloceratops" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Menefeeceratops", "Monoclonius", "Stellasaurus", "Wendiceratops", "Xenoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Machairoceratops": [ "1328965" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "170568", "340975" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "378959", "name": "Macrocollum", "displayName": "Macrocollum", "attribution": "Müller et al. 2018", "rawAttribution": "Müller et al. 2018", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=378959", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Unaysauridae", "Macrocollum" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "378958", "378959" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Unaysauridae › Macrocollum; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Use a nearer core/late-diverging sauropodomorph bracket, never Sauropodomorpha alone.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "D17", "title": "Sauropodomorph evolution across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary: body size, locomotion, and their influence on morphological disparity", "authors": "Apaldetti et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01120-w", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01120-w", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; ecological transitions and phylogenetic context read", "dietSupport": "Sauropodomorph trophic diversification and shift towards large plant-feeding forms; supports temporal/clade context, not direct diets for each named genus.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view4" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=378959", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Macrocollum", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=378959" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "378959", "genus": "Macrocollum", "occurrenceId": "1423604", "collectionId": "175577", "identifiedName": "Macrocollum itaquii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Macrocollum itaquii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67405", "collectionReferenceId": "57419", "cc": "BR", "state": "Rio Grande do Sul", "county": "", "formation": "Caturrita", "member": "", "geological_group": "Rosário do Sul", "collection_name": "Wachholz site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Upper layers of the Santa Maria 2 Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence, corresponding lithostratigraphically to the Caturrita Formation. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "122466", "name": "Macrogryphosaurus", "displayName": "Macrogryphosaurus", "attribution": "Calvo et al. 2007", "rawAttribution": "Calvo et al. 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=122466", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Elasmaria", "Macrogryphosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "122465", "122466" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66531", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Magnosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66531" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66531", "genus": "Magnosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517804", "collectionId": "52530", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus nethercombensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Magnosaurus nethercombensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16872", "collectionReferenceId": "16872", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Middle Inferior Oolite", "member": "", "geological_group": "Inferior Oolite", "collection_name": "Nethercomb (OUM)", "collection_aka": "Nethercombe", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of formation, Stephanoceras humpriesianum Zone & subzone", "geogcomments": "Nethercomb, about 1 mi N of Sherborne, Dorset" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Megalosauridae", "Eustreptospondylinae", "Magnosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Megalosauridae", "clade:Eustreptospondylinae", "genus:66531" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "71332", "38580", "66531", "38593" ], "candidateIds": [ "71332", "38580", "66531", "38593" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "52883", "name": "Magyarosaurus", "displayName": "Magyarosaurus", "attribution": "Huene 1932", "rawAttribution": "Huene 1932", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52883", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Magyarosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "58924", "52883" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52883", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Magyarosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52883" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "52883", "genus": "Magyarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "628855", "collectionId": "67811", "identifiedName": "Magyarosaurus dacus", "acceptedName": "Magyarosaurus dacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19377", "collectionReferenceId": "55945", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Pui Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pui, Barbat River", "collection_aka": "Pui 1983; Bărbat River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Customarily referred to the Sînpetru Formation, but it could represent a distinct stratigraphic unit, informally dubbed the ‘Bărbat Formation’ (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)or 'Pui Beds'.\n\nMost of the Pui localities are from the middle-upper part of the Bărbat River succession and are likely to be latest early to early late Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\n\nŢabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "near Pui, in the Barbat River Valley, 15 km SE of Sinpetru" }, { "genusId": "52883", "genus": "Magyarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "629047", "collectionId": "67817", "identifiedName": "Magyarosaurus dacus", "acceptedName": "Magyarosaurus dacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19377", "collectionReferenceId": "19377", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vălioara-Fântânele 1 (VF)", "collection_aka": "Valioara-Fantanele; Valiora", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "near village of Valioara" }, { "genusId": "52883", "genus": "Magyarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "755322", "collectionId": "80858", "identifiedName": "Magyarosaurus dacus", "acceptedName": "Magyarosaurus dacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27183", "collectionReferenceId": "53032", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vurpar (Vp)", "collection_aka": "Metaliferi area, Borberek; Vurpăr; Vu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal sequence of formation; \"Bozes strata\" in Weishampel et al. 2003", "geogcomments": "Vurpar (orig. Borberek), on R bank of Mures River, downstream from Alba Iulia, in the \"Metaliferi area\", Transylvanian Basin; near Vintu de Jos" }, { "genusId": "52883", "genus": "Magyarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "803990", "collectionId": "59410", "identifiedName": "Magyarosaurus transsylvanicus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Magyarosaurus dacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29483", "collectionReferenceId": "53030", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Szentpéterfalva, Hateg Basin", "collection_aka": "Sânpetru, Sînpetru, Sâmpetru, Sîmpetru, Sacel, La Carare, Sinpetru", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ţabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "on the Nopcsa family estate near Sînpetru (Szentpéterfalva), in the southern Carpathian Mtns., near Hunedoara, Hateg Basin" }, { "genusId": "52883", "genus": "Magyarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "843587", "collectionId": "93729", "identifiedName": "? Magyarosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Magyarosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "36651", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Râpa Rosie (RR), Sebes Valley ", "collection_aka": "Râpa Roşie, Rapa Rosie", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost part of the Sebeş Formation\n\nearly Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016 and Ţabără et al. 2022); later assigned to Late Maastrichtian (Bottfalvai et al., 2025).", "geogcomments": "Râpa Rosie, Sebes Valley, Alba district. On R bank of Secas River, at type section for Sebes Fm." }, { "genusId": "52883", "genus": "Magyarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "969943", "collectionId": "85496", "identifiedName": "Magyarosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Magyarosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "28886", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lancram B (LcB), Sebes Valley (1.55 m)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "early Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016 and Ţabără et al. 2022)", "geogcomments": "Sebes Valley riverbed, 1.5 km NNE of Lancram village, 0.5 km downstream from confluence with Secas stream, on L bank of a wide meander" }, { "genusId": "52883", "genus": "Magyarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "970053", "collectionId": "97813", "identifiedName": "Magyarosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Magyarosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "33802", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sebeş Glod A (SbG/A)", "collection_aka": "Sebes Glod; Sebeş", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower third of the Sebes Formation\r\n\r\nearly Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016 and Ţabără et al. 2022)", "geogcomments": "Sebes Glod locality, ca. 2.5 km N of town of Sebes, " }, { "genusId": "52883", "genus": "Magyarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1205132", "collectionId": "115001", "identifiedName": "cf. Magyarosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Magyarosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "81031", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rapa Lancramului (RL) (reworked)", "collection_aka": "Sebes Valley, Rapa Lancram; Râpa Lancrămului, RL", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "presumably reworked into Sebes Formation from older deposits", "geogcomments": "Rapa Lancramului (RL), along the Sebes River Valley, on R bank of Secas River" }, { "genusId": "52883", "genus": "Magyarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1553410", "collectionId": "163328", "identifiedName": "Titanosaurus dacus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Magyarosaurus dacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32943", "collectionReferenceId": "53166", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Site I, Pareu Vartopilor, Kiscsula", "collection_aka": "Ciula Mica; Ciula Mică; Pârâul Vârtopilor, Kadic-Vartopi, CM01", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "Site I, at end of Pareu Vartopilor (Creek), valley near Kiscsula (- Ciula Mica), 45.6071 N; 22.7829 E; \"Vartopi Cr., Valioara\"" }, { "genusId": "52883", "genus": "Magyarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1688516", "collectionId": "239464", "identifiedName": "Magyarosaurus dacus", "acceptedName": "Magyarosaurus dacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "91282", "collectionReferenceId": "91282", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ciula Mică, Mamulea locality", "collection_aka": "Ciula Mica, CM", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "52883", "genus": "Magyarosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1688537", "collectionId": "239466", "identifiedName": "Magyarosaurus dacus", "acceptedName": "Magyarosaurus dacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "91282", "collectionReferenceId": "91282", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Pui Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MD locality, Pui", "collection_aka": "Bărbat River; Barbat River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Customarily referred to the Sînpetru Formation, but it could represent a distinct stratigraphic unit, informally dubbed the ‘Bărbat Formation’ (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)or 'Pui Beds'.", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Magyarosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Eutitanosauria", "genus:52883" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "candidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "133918", "name": "Mahakala", "displayName": "Mahakala", "attribution": "Turner et al. 2007", "rawAttribution": "Turner et al. 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=133918", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Halszkaraptorinae", "Mahakala" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "364102", "133918" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38582", "name": "Majungasaurus", "displayName": "Majungasaurus", "attribution": "Lavocat 1955", "rawAttribution": "Lavocat 1955", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38582", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Carnotaurinae", "Majungasaurini", "Majungasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "54527", "285747", "38582" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38582", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Majungasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38582" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "343957", "collectionId": "32366", "identifiedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8731", "collectionReferenceId": "8731", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-33 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as Campanian but now considered Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "locality MAD 93-33, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "483685", "collectionId": "48389", "identifiedName": "Majungatholus atopus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8733", "collectionReferenceId": "8733", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD96-21 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"uppermost white sandstone unit\" = Anembalemba Member", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "483690", "collectionId": "39265", "identifiedName": "Majungatholus atopus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12923", "collectionReferenceId": "10611", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD96-01 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"uppermost white sandstone unit\" = Anembalemba Member", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "483692", "collectionId": "25074", "identifiedName": "Majungatholus atopus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8733", "collectionReferenceId": "7030", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-18 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "three bonebeds: BB1, BB2, BB3 - which should eventually be separated into distinct collections", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, near village of Berivotra, Madagascar. 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Maevarano Fm.", "geogcomments": "a small butte (x = 417, y = 1135, page M 39, Ambalakida), on E flank of limestone plateau, on each side of the river that traverses the village of Berivotra, between R.N. 4 and the crest separating the runoffs of this river from those that flow into the Bestiboka" }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "662959", "collectionId": "71399", "identifiedName": "Majungatholus atopus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24130", "collectionReferenceId": "24130", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south of RN4, Berivotra (MSNM/MCF)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "south of RN4, near village of Berivotra, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "681843", "collectionId": "55271", "identifiedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24665", "collectionReferenceId": "14771", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD96-07 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as Campanian but now considered Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "681844", "collectionId": "55270", "identifiedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24665", "collectionReferenceId": "14771", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-73 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Facies 2 of member, 9.6 m below top of formation and base of Berivotra Fm.", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "681845", "collectionId": "55268", "identifiedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24665", "collectionReferenceId": "14771", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-01 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as Campanian but now considered Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "locality MAD 93-01, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "786393", "collectionId": "84840", "identifiedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24665", "collectionReferenceId": "24665", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD99-33 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "at very base of member", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "786394", "collectionId": "84841", "identifiedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24665", "collectionReferenceId": "24665", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD99-26 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "786395", "collectionId": "84842", "identifiedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24665", "collectionReferenceId": "24665", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-20 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, near village of Berivotra, Madagascar. 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"84847", "identifiedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24665", "collectionReferenceId": "24665", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD95-16 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "Berivotra", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SE of Berivotra, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "786401", "collectionId": "84848", "identifiedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24665", "collectionReferenceId": "24665", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD96-18 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small 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"Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD05-04 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1135907", "collectionId": "144728", "identifiedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46839", "collectionReferenceId": "46839", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Lac Kinkony", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lac Kinkony shores [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "Kinkony 1", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The stratotype of the Lac Kinkony Member (at a site designated “Kinkony 1”) is located w2.5 km to the northeast of the village of Analalava, on the western edge of the escarpment", "geogcomments": "represents taxa from ~56 fossil-bearing localities not included in specific localities entered elsewhere in the database." }, { "genusId": "38582", "genus": "Majungasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559641", "collectionId": "206553", "identifiedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "acceptedName": "Majungasaurus crenatissimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76780", "collectionReferenceId": "76780", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD05-38", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Carnotaurinae", "Majungasaurini", "Majungasaurus" ], 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "140853", "name": "Malarguesaurus", "displayName": "Malarguesaurus", "attribution": "González Riga et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "González Riga et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=140853", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Malarguesaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "140853" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. 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Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38670", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Mamenchisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38670" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Li et al. (2011), Dinosaur assemblages from the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao and Chuanjie formations", "url": "https://vjs.pgi.gov.pl/article/download/26567/18275/39914", "access": "full primary review PDF" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "256216", "collectionId": "24864", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus constructus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus constructus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24276", "collectionReferenceId": "24276", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Mamenchi Ferry, Yibin", "collection_aka": "Mamenxi, Yiping", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Upper Shaximiao Fm., described as \"early Late Jurassic\"", "geogcomments": "Mamenchi (Mamenxi) ferry at Jinshajiang, along Yangtze River near Yibin (Yiping), Sichuan" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "295292", "collectionId": "28231", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17258", "collectionReferenceId": "17258", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zhongxian", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Zhnongxian county grain distribution center", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "Zhnongxian county grain distribution center, Sichuan" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "384334", "collectionId": "36569", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9781", "collectionReferenceId": "19693", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Shishugou", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "east of Qitai-Ertai road (SCDP)", "collection_aka": "Junggar", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "General area is eastern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, about 105 km NNE of Qitai, 2.5 km E of main N-S road between Qitai and Ertai. Site is 22 km N of Jianjungmiao and 1.7 km E of main N-S road.\r\nMoore et al. 2023: \"However, the coordinate data provided by these authors (44° 30' N, 90° 00' E) place the type locality about 32km south of its actual location, which is situated at the southwest corner of a large mesa (in the vicinity of 44°48'14\"N, 90°02'54\"E; Wings et al., 2011; P. Currie, personal communication, 2022).\"\r\n\r\nMoore et al. (2023): Russell and Zheng (1993) stated that the Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum quarry was located 22 km north of the now-abandoned town of Jiangjunmiao and 1.7 km east of the main road from Qitai. However, the coordinate data provided by these authors place the type locality about 32 km south of its actual location, which is situated at the southwest corner of a large mesa." }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "475132", "collectionId": "47134", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12571", "collectionReferenceId": "12571", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Shilong-zhai", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"upper Shaximiao Formation\"\r\nSeveral radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "near village of Shilong-zhai, in Gachang commune, bearing 97° and 6400 m from county town of Nanjiang, northern Sichuan" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "487118", "collectionId": "48822", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13009", "collectionReferenceId": "13009", "cc": "MN", "state": "Govi-Altay", "county": "", "formation": "Dariv", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "12 km south of Dariv", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "dinosaur remains found at 11 stratigraphic levels", "geogcomments": "12 km S of town of Dariv, western Mongolia" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "493036", "collectionId": "49792", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13360", "collectionReferenceId": "15533", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "Yongdeng", "formation": "Xiangtang", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Machiahukou, Haishiwan (IVPP Loc. 5672)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in Haishiwan, Yongdeng County, vicinity of Lanzhou, Gansu province; NE slope of Qilan Mtn." }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "522048", "collectionId": "53662", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63565", "collectionReferenceId": "63565", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Hechuan", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Hochuan", "collection_aka": "Ho Chuan, Hechuan, Taihe", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "200 m north of Gaochufujiang River, bank of Fujiang River, Mt. Gushushan (Gulou Shan), 35 km from Taihezhen Village (Taiho Zhen), north of Zhongqing, NW Hechuan county. Coordinates for Tiahezhen. Ca. 100 m below surface of hill slope." }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "557562", "collectionId": "57770", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus constructus", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus constructus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15533", "collectionReferenceId": "15533", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "", "formation": "Xiangtang", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shangyenkou, Haishihwan (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shangyenkou, Haishihwan, Yengteng, Kansu" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "557582", "collectionId": "57772", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus constructus", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus constructus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15533", "collectionReferenceId": "15533", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Shihtikan, Kuangan (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Chungking Series", "geogcomments": "Shihtikan, Shihshunhsiang, Kuangan district, Szechuan. Approx. 100 km NW of the Changshou locality" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "564597", "collectionId": "58974", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus youngi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus youngi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16721", "collectionReferenceId": "44009", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Jiujingba, Xinming", "collection_aka": "Xinmin, Zigong", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "Jiujingba, Xinming (Xinmin), Zigong, Sichuan, NW of Zigong Dinosaur Museum" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "564598", "collectionId": "58975", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16721", "collectionReferenceId": "16721", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Yuandingyuan, Huidong", "collection_aka": "Zigong", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"second member\"\r\nSeveral radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "Yuandingyuan, Huidong, Zigong, Sichuan" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "564599", "collectionId": "58976", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus anyuensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus anyuensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47184", "collectionReferenceId": "47184", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Anyue", "formation": "Penglaizhen", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Matisi, Anyue", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lowest part of formation", "geogcomments": "2 km SE of administrative office of Longchiaoxiang, Anyue Co., SIchuan" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "564600", "collectionId": "58977", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus anyuensis", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus anyuensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47184", "collectionReferenceId": "47184", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Anyue", "formation": "Suining", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Longjiawa, Anyue", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of formation, just beneath contact with Penglaizheng\r\n\r\nWang et al. (2019) provide detrital zircon U/Pb mean ages of 114.4±1.1 Ma", "geogcomments": "1.7 km E of administrative office of Longchiaoxiang, NE of Matisi, Anyue Co., SIchuan" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "572131", "collectionId": "60064", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17258", "collectionReferenceId": "17258", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Rongxian", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Dujia", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "Dujia Commune, Rongxian Co." }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "646884", "collectionId": "69913", "identifiedName": "? Mamenchisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23520", "collectionReferenceId": "23465", "cc": "MN", "state": "Govi-Altay", "county": "", "formation": "Ulan Malgait", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bor Ukhaa hills, Shar Teg [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Shar-Teg, Shar Teeg, HMNS/MPC JPE", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Dollman et al. (2018) argue that the age of the Ulan Malgait Formation is likely to be Oxfordian based on the shared presence of Shartegosuchus and Nominosuchus with the radiometrically-dated Shishigou Formation at Wucaiwan, China", "geogcomments": "Bor Ukhaa hills (Eastern sub-region), near Shar Teg" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "735725", "collectionId": "78979", "identifiedName": "cf. Mamenchisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26533", "collectionReferenceId": "26533", "cc": "TH", "state": "Mukdahan", "county": "", "formation": "Phu Kradung", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Bon Kham Phok 2", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near village of (Ban) Kham Phok, NE Thailand - this is the \"nearby outcrop\" described in ref 26533" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1116351", "collectionId": "141557", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46015", "collectionReferenceId": "46015", "cc": "TH", "state": "Kalasin", "county": "Kuchi Narai District", "formation": "Phu Kradung", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Dan Ma", "collection_aka": "KS26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "The Phu Dan Ma locality is in the uppermost part of the Phu Kradung Formation near a 80 conformable contact with the overlying Phra Wihan Formation", "geogcomments": "Hill of Phu Dan Ma (locality KS26)" }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1330768", "collectionId": "179178", "identifiedName": "aff. Mamenchisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59306", "collectionReferenceId": "59306", "cc": "MN", "state": "Govi-Altay", "county": "", "formation": "Ulan Malgait", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ulan Malgait Mtn. [Ulan Malgait Fm., bed A] [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Shar-Teg, Shar Teeg, Shar Teg", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shar Teeg, Trans-Altai Gobi, southwestern Mongolia. 2200 m ESE of Ulan Malgait Mtn." }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1330779", "collectionId": "179181", "identifiedName": "aff. Mamenchisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59306", "collectionReferenceId": "59306", "cc": "MN", "state": "Govi-Altay", "county": "", "formation": "Ulan Malgait", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ulan Malgait Mtn. [Ulan Malgait Fm., bed 3] [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Shar-Teg, Shar Teeg, Shar Teg", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shar Teeg, Trans-Altai Gobi, southwestern Mongolia. 2200 m ESE of Ulan Malgait Mtn." }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1330788", "collectionId": "179182", "identifiedName": "aff. Mamenchisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59306", "collectionReferenceId": "59306", "cc": "MN", "state": "Govi-Altay", "county": "", "formation": "Ulan Malgait", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ulan Malgait Mtn. [Ulan Malgait Fm., bed 4] [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Shar-Teg, Shar Teeg, Shar Teg", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shar Teeg, Trans-Altai Gobi, southwestern Mongolia. 2200 m ESE of Ulan Malgait Mtn." }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1330791", "collectionId": "179183", "identifiedName": "aff. Mamenchisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59306", "collectionReferenceId": "59306", "cc": "MN", "state": "Govi-Altay", "county": "", "formation": "Ulan Malgait", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ulan Malgait Mtn. [Ulan Malgait Fm., bed 7] [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Shar-Teg, Shar Teeg, Shar Teg", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shar Teeg, Trans-Altai Gobi, southwestern Mongolia. 2200 m ESE of Ulan Malgait Mtn." }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1330800", "collectionId": "179184", "identifiedName": "aff. Mamenchisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59306", "collectionReferenceId": "59306", "cc": "MN", "state": "Govi-Altay", "county": "", "formation": "Ulan Malgait", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "3.2 km south of Ulan Malgait Mtn. [Ulan Malgait Fm.] [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Shar-Teg, Shar Teeg, Shar Teg; PIN Loc. 4171", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "= Tsagaantsav horizon", "geogcomments": "Shar Teeg, Trans-Altai Gobi, southwestern Mongolia. Southern part of Ulan Malgait outcrops, 3.2 km S of Ulan Malgait Mtn." }, { "genusId": "38670", "genus": "Mamenchisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1429041", "collectionId": "60064", "identifiedName": "Mamenchisaurus jingyanensis", "acceptedName": "Mamenchisaurus jingyanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67716", "collectionReferenceId": "17258", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Rongxian", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Dujia", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38774", "name": "Mandschurosaurus", "displayName": "Mandschurosaurus", "attribution": "Riabinin 1930", "rawAttribution": "Riabinin 1930", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38774", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Mandschurosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "38774" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Also known as Belyye Kruchi (White Cliffs), R bank of Amur, downstream from mouth of the Ayan R., between villages of Kasatkino and Sagibovo'. Between N bank villages of Sagibovo and Kasatkino, below mouth of Aian River." }, { "genusId": "38774", "genus": "Mandschurosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1053437", "collectionId": "130271", "identifiedName": "Mandschurosaurus laosensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mandschurosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34142", "collectionReferenceId": "42220", "cc": "LA", "state": "Savannakhet", "county": "", "formation": "Grès supérieurs", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Houei-Sang-Hok", "collection_aka": "Ban-Tung-Vat, Muong Phalane", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "approx. equivalent to the Khok Kruat Fm.", "geogcomments": "Houei-Sang-Hok, 3 km NW of Ban-Tung-Vat; Song-Khône map sheet, in the area of Muong Phalane" }, { "genusId": "38774", "genus": "Mandschurosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1053446", "collectionId": "130271", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "hadrosaur-saurolophine-working-model", "rationale": "Reconcile imported traditional crestless-hadrosaur branches with the chosen basal-Hadrosaurus topology; preserve all finer descendants and apply the Hadrosaurus genus override last. This is a topology choice, not a synonym assertion.", "references": [ { "id": "addendum-madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary article indexed full-text extracts of the Hadrosaurinae, Saurolophinae and Brachylophosaurini entries; direct PMC open CAPTCHA and PeerJ open 403.", "finding": "Hadrosaurinae has Hadrosaurus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier. Saurolophinae has Saurolophus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier, with an additional exclusion condition for Hadrosaurus. These names are topology-dependent alternatives for the Saurolophus branch; they are not unconditional synonyms. Brachylophosaurini explicitly excludes Hadrosaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn656search0", "turn659search0" ] }, { "id": "addendum-ma2026", "title": "First Report of a Hollow Cranial Crest in an Early-Diverging Duck-Billed Dinosaur, with Implications for Convergent Evolution of Acoustic Signaling", "doi": "10.3390/biology15080615", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/15/8/615", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-04-13", "access": "Primary publisher indexed full-text section 5; direct open 429.", "finding": "Updated hadrosauroid analysis recovers Hadrosaurus as the earliest-diverging hadrosaurid, separate from Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae. This supplies a recent primary precedent for the chosen basal placement.", "webRefs": [ "turn670search0" ] } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Saurolophinae", "genus:38774" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "candidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "185174", "name": "Manidens", "displayName": "Manidens", "attribution": "Pol et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Pol et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=185174", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Heterodontosauridae", "Heterodontosaurinae", "Manidens" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "38722", "248277", "185174" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=185174", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Manidens", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=185174" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "185174", "genus": "Manidens", "occurrenceId": "942245", "collectionId": "67434", "identifiedName": "Manidens condorensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Manidens condorensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36107", "collectionReferenceId": "19226", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "", "formation": "Cañadón Asfalto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Sierra de Olte", "collection_name": "Queso Rallado, near Cerro Cóndor", "collection_aka": "Queso Rayado", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Usually given as Callovian, new work indicates that the Cañadón Asfalto Formation is considerably older, with dates ranging from the late Toarcian to the earliest Bathonian (Salani 2007; Cabaleri et al. 2010; Cuneo & Bowring 2010). Since the Queso Rallado locality does not represent the highest part of the formation, a Bathonian age can be exluded.", "geogcomments": "4 km west-northwest of the village of Cerro Cóndor. Published (ref 78363) as 43°24’33.55”S; 69°13’50.1”W, 5.5 km northwest of the village of the Cerro Condor" }, { "genusId": "185174", "genus": "Manidens", "occurrenceId": "2056481", "collectionId": "211359", "identifiedName": "Manidens condorensis", "acceptedName": "Manidens condorensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94162", "collectionReferenceId": "73013", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "Departamento Paso de Indios", "formation": "Cañadón Asfalto", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sitio Frenguelli lacustrine layer", "collection_aka": "Frenguelli site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Sitio Frenguelli locality occurs within the lower strata of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation in the Cerro Cóndor area. The site occurs 10 m below a tuff dated to 178.77 +/- 0.09 Ma, thus age is approximately 179 Ma. \r\nFor more information see: \r\nCúneo NR, J Ramezani, R Scasso, D Pol, IH Escapa, AM Zavattieri, SA Bowring 2013. High-precision U-Pb geochronology and a new chronostratigraphy for the Cañadón Asfalto Basin, Chubut, central Patagonia: implications for terrestrial faunal and floral evolution in Jurassic. Gondwana Res 24:1267–1275.\r\nEscapa IH, J Sterli, D Pol, L Nicoli 2008. Jurassic tetrapods and flora of Cañadón Asfalto Formation in Cerro Cóndor area, Chubut Province. Rev Asoc Geol Argent 63:613–624.", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Heterodontosauridae", "Heterodontosaurinae", "Manidens" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "path-audit-heterodontosauridae-ancestry", "rationale": "Apply the same published early ornithischian grade to core descendants and Eocursor; do not mix incompatible parents.", "references": [ { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Heterodontosauridae", "clade:Heterodontosaurinae", "genus:185174" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38725", "185174" ], "candidateIds": [ "38725", "185174" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=366664", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Mansourasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=366664" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "366664", "genus": "Mansourasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1393972", "collectionId": "191982", "identifiedName": "Mansourasaurus shahinae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mansourasaurus shahinae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64842", "collectionReferenceId": "84705", "cc": "EG", "state": "New Valley", "county": "", "formation": "Quseir", "member": "El Hindaw", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "north of road between Mut and Balat", "collection_aka": "Dakhla Oasis", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "north of road between Mut and Balat, Dakhla Oasis, Western Desert" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Diamantinasauria", "Mansourasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Diamantinasauria", "genus:366664" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "366664" ], "candidateIds": [ "366664" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "104634", "name": "Mantellisaurus", "displayName": "Mantellisaurus", "attribution": "Paul 2007", "rawAttribution": "Paul 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104634", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Mantellisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "104634" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104634", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Mantellisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104634" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "220227", "collectionId": "22727", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon cf. atherfieldensis", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5691", "collectionReferenceId": "53066", "cc": "DE", "state": "Nordrhein-Westphalen", "county": "Sauerland", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Brilon-Nehden", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1606", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Brilon-Nehden locality has been dated as Aptian (Huckriede, 1982) or Barremian (Schudack, 1987)", "geogcomments": "village of Nehden, near Brilon, in Sauerland; in an open-cast quarry" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "256679", "collectionId": "24906", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon atherfieldensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6982", "collectionReferenceId": "6981", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Vectis", "member": "Shepherd's Chine", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "cliff fall near Atherfield (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "I. atherfieldensis type", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "cliff fall near Atherfield, Isle of Wight\r\n\"To the west is Shepherd’s Chine and, beyond this, an area well known to Hooley, where he described his finds in relation to Cowleaze Chine, some 300 m further to the west. This makes it almost certain that NHMUK PV R5764 was found on the foreshore of Brighstone Bay, between Shepherd’s Chine and Atherfield Point\"" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "464894", "collectionId": "45918", "identifiedName": "Proplanicoxa galtoni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50540", "collectionReferenceId": "12230", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Chilton Chine (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "about 100 yards W of Chilton Chine (near Newport), Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "471741", "collectionId": "46875", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon atherfieldensis", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12450", "collectionReferenceId": "71233", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Grange Chine cliff face (MIWG/BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 17 m below the Grange Chine Black Band, in bed L9\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "cliff face 300 m WNW of Grange Chine, SW coast of Isle of Wight, Brightstone Bay" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "518052", "collectionId": "52568", "identifiedName": "Mantellodon carpenteri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50539", "collectionReferenceId": "33239", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Kent", "formation": "Hythe", "member": "", "geological_group": "Lower Greensand", "collection_name": "Rockhill Quarry, Maidstone Iguanodon", "collection_aka": "Iguanodon Quarry, Rock Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "also called \"Shanklin-sand\" and \"Kentish rag\", perhaps in the bowerbanki Zone", "geogcomments": "a \"rag stone quarry\" at Rock Hill/Rockhill, on SW side of river Medway, about 0.5 mi from Maidstone, S of main London road, Kent. Also described as \"in Queen's Road\"" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "522080", "collectionId": "53674", "identifiedName": "Heterosaurus neocomiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45932", "collectionReferenceId": "45932", "cc": "FR", "state": "Hauts-de-France", "county": "Haute-Marne", "formation": "Calcaires à Spatangues", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wassy quarry", "collection_aka": "Vasay", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "old abandoned quarry in N of France, Wassy, near Attancourt, eastern Paris Basin" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "558456", "collectionId": "45193", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon atherfieldensis", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15587", "collectionReferenceId": "55264", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Surrey", "formation": "Weald Clay", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Smokejacks Brickworks", "collection_aka": "Baryonyx type, Ockley, Smokejack's", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 7 m below the base of BGS Bed 5c, Cypridea clavata zone; Hughes's MCT phase 2 (1994)", "geogcomments": "Smokejack's Brickworks (Ockley Building Products Limited, formerly Ockley Brick Company Limited), Wallis Wood, Ockley, near Dorking, Surrey, England, a little below the top of the SE face, nearest to the works buildings. Grid reference TQ13: 113 373. Includes extended excavation of Iguanodon in same bed." }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "604545", "collectionId": "64408", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon atherfieldensis", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29947", "collectionReferenceId": "59274", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Morella", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "questionable formation assignment\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.\r\n", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "606163", "collectionId": "22645", "identifiedName": "Dollodon bampingi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32089", "collectionReferenceId": "52560", "cc": "BE", "state": "Hainaut", "county": "", "formation": "Sainte-Barbe Clays", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Sainte-Barbe coal mine, Bernissart", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1519, Cran du Midi, Cran du Nord", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "2 layers within mine\r\n\"The presence of the angiosperm pollen biorecord Superret-croton (equivalent to Stellatopollis hughesii Penny, 1986) suggests a middle Barremian to earliest Aptian age for the Wealden facies sediments (and enclosed dinosaur fossils) at 322 metres depth in the \"puits naturel de Bernissart\".\" (Yans et al. 2006)", "geogcomments": "Sainte-Barbe coal seam near Bernissart, between Mons and Tourney (= Tournai) near the French border. Accessed through several wells and shafts, including Cran du Nord, Cran du Midi, Cran aux Iguanodons" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "812305", "collectionId": "61317", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon atherfieldensis", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29947", "collectionReferenceId": "56558", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rubielos de Mora 1", "collection_aka": "Mora de Rubielos", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unknown formation, \"Wealdian\" age", "geogcomments": "Peñagolosa Basin, S of Mora de Rubielos" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1109919", "collectionId": "28006", "identifiedName": "cf. Mantellisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78477", "collectionReferenceId": "7671", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla-La Mancha", "county": "Cuenca", "formation": "La Huérguina", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Las Hoyas (MCCM collection)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "also called \"Calizas de La Huérgina Formation\" or \"La Huérgina Limestones Formations\"", "geogcomments": "La Cierva township, 20 km E of Cuenca, in the Castellana Branch of the Iberian Range" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1276921", "collectionId": "61327", "identifiedName": "Mantellisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55385", "collectionReferenceId": "17655", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 3", "collection_aka": "CMP-3, CMP-3b, CMP-3c", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Arcillas de Morella\"\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.", "geogcomments": "Cantera Mas de la Parreta, Morella; includes areas CMP-3, 3b, and 3c" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1277119", "collectionId": "169469", "identifiedName": "cf. Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49177", "collectionReferenceId": "49177", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mas de Sabater, Cantera del Mas de la Parreta", "collection_aka": "CMP-MS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1544143", "collectionId": "189306", "identifiedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75850", "collectionReferenceId": "63556", "cc": "PT", "state": "Lisboa", "county": "Setúbal", "formation": "Papo Seco", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Praia do Areia do Mastro (CPGP collection)", "collection_aka": "Cabo Espichel, Areias do Mastro", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "The site is located at the base of coastal cliffs" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1609063", "collectionId": "227655", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon atherfieldensis", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82927", "collectionReferenceId": "82927", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Brook Bay", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Brook Bay, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1609068", "collectionId": "227658", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon cf. atherfieldensis", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82927", "collectionReferenceId": "82927", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "300 yards west of Cowleaze Chine", "collection_aka": "Cowlease Chine", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden Shales\"", "geogcomments": "300 yards west of Cowlease Chine, Brighstone Bay, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "104634", "genus": "Mantellisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1690390", "collectionId": "13335", "identifiedName": "Mantellisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Mantellisaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31500", "collectionReferenceId": "53422", "cc": "RO", "state": "Judetul Bihor", "county": "Oradea", "formation": "Lower Bauxite", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Brusturi Mine, Cornet 204 lens", "collection_aka": "Bihor, ETE 1554", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the Cornet bauxitic zone, 4 km south of the mining bldgs. of the Cornet branch of the S.C. \"Bauxita Min\" S.A. Dobresti company. Cornet lies in the Comuna Astileu, located in the Padurea Craiului Mtns. in the eastern part of Judetul (prov.) Bihor. The locality is 40 km ESE of Oradea (also listed as SSE)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Mantellisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "genus:104634" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "104634" ], "candidateIds": [ "104634" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "77205", "name": "Mapusaurus", "displayName": "Mapusaurus", "attribution": "Coria and Currie 2006", "rawAttribution": "Coria and Currie 2006", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=77205", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Mapusaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "64112", "65363", "77205" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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[found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Top Kinwa – along upper part of Kinwa stream, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Two eastern sites, in the top reaches on the east." }, { "genusId": "119556", "genus": "Marisaurus", "occurrenceId": "740934", "collectionId": "79665", "identifiedName": "Marisaurus jeffi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Marisaurus jeffi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26765", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Mari Bohri, DL-15 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-15", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... 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Central site, on W end of Alam stream." }, { "genusId": "119556", "genus": "Marisaurus", "occurrenceId": "740952", "collectionId": "79668", "identifiedName": "Marisaurus jeffi", "acceptedName": "Marisaurus jeffi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26765", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Darwaza-Gumbrak, DL-8 (Nahar Kot)", "collection_aka": "Nala, PDL-8, Darwaza Gambrak", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Darwaza-Gumbrak (= Darwaza Gambrak) locality (Nala locality), Nahar Kot area, Central Sulaiman Range (Dhaola), Barkhan District, Balochistan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Later papers supply diagnoses, designated types and locality statements; old conference-name dates alone do not justify a nomen nudum cut. Independent diagnosability and specimen associations remain insufficiently verified for hidden answers.", "references": [ { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Formal Description of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Biotas Found from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.net/journal/paperinformation?paperid=112161", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.119023", "access": "Primary full text/PDF read; newly formalized Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Nicksaurus and Maojandino with diagnoses and designated material.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Jurassic-Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene transitions and Mesozoic vertebrates from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2021080414130257.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.118016", "access": "Primary paper indexed description accessed; full August diagnoses not independently read in this bounded sweep.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2023, "title": "Geology and Mineral Deposits of Saraikistan (South Punjab, Koh Sulaiman Range) of Pakistan: A Tabular Review of Recently Discovered Biotas from Pakistan and Paleobiogeographic Link: Phylogeny and Hypodigm of Poripuchian Titanosaurs from Indo-Pakistan", "url": "https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2023083015073764.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2023.138040", "access": "Primary PDF read at nomenclatural tables and systematic discussion; distinguishes informal and later formal descriptions.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Hans-Volker Karl, Amtyaz Safi and Gottfried Tichy", "year": 2025, "title": "A review of the fossil records of dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous from present-day Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scientific-reports.com/index.php/srls/article/download/191/181/713", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.16895340", "access": "Primary review full PDF read. Repeats taxa and source dates, but does not independently rediagnose overlapping Pakistani types.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ] } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Balochisauridae", "Marisaurinae", "Marisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Balochisauridae", "clade:Marisaurinae", "genus:119556" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "38628", "name": "Marshosaurus", "displayName": "Marshosaurus", "attribution": "Madsen 1976", "rawAttribution": "Madsen 1976", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38628", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Piatnitzkysauridae", "Marshosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "235338", "38628" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38628", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Marshosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38628" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38628", "genus": "Marshosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490809", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Marshosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Marshosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63749", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38628", "genus": "Marshosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491750", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Marshosaurus bicentesimus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Marshosaurus bicentesimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13304", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38628", "genus": "Marshosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534969", "collectionId": "55350", "identifiedName": "Marshosaurus bicentesimus", "acceptedName": "Marshosaurus bicentesimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14844", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nielsen Gulch (DNM)", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur National Monument, DNM Marshosaurus", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "from W side of Nielsen Gulch, Dinosaur National Monument, NE of main quarry building" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Piatnitzkysauridae", "Marshosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Piatnitzkysauridae", "genus:38628" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64061", "38628", "38592" ], "candidateIds": [ "64061", "38628", "38592" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "246318", "name": "Martharaptor", "displayName": "Martharaptor", "attribution": "Senter et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Senter et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=246318", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Therizinosauria", "Therizinosauroidea", "Martharaptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "57429", "67254", "64125", "246318" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant-dominated feeding is defensible for derived therizinosaurs, with transitions/animal supplementation qualified; apply equally when PBDB inherits only Coelurosauria.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=246318", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Martharaptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=246318" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "246318", "genus": "Martharaptor", "occurrenceId": "1071680", "collectionId": "133038", "identifiedName": "Martharaptor greenriverensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Martharaptor greenriverensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42836", "collectionReferenceId": "42836", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hayden-Corbett Site (Gr287v)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "A gravelly, calcareous sandstone often hosting a stromatolitic layer at its top that divides the Yellow Cat Member into an upper and lower sequence [34,35] has been informally designated the caprock in this area. The Hayden-Corbett site is above this regional marker bed, whereas both the Suarez and Crystal Geyser Quarries are below the caprock (Fig. 1). The upper Yellow Cat Member has been dated at about 124 Ma (early Aptian) based on detrital zircons.\r\nDate from \"just above the capping sandstone above the Suarez site and below the Martharaptor site\"\r\n\r\nThe age of the base of the YCM is unknown and estimates range from Berrisian to early Aptian. Britt et al. 2007 suggested a maximum depositional age for the YCM of ~124Ma, but Sames et al. 2010 suggested on the basis of ostracod biostratigraphy the YCM may be as old as Late Berrisian. Hendrix et al. 2015 and Joeckel et al. 2019 supported this with U-Pb dates from detrital zircons, the latter study suggested that the upper YCM is Valanginian. At any rate, the age of the overlying Poison strip member was dated at its base to 119.4Ma, so the YCM is older than this.", "geogcomments": "The Hayden-Corbett Site (Gr287v) is at the top of an approximately 20 cm thick sandstone, interpreted to represent a crevasse splay deposit, in the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation approximately 8 miles southeast of Green River, Utah in the immediate vicinity of the Suarez and Crystal Geyser sites" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Therizinosauria", "Therizinosauroidea", "Martharaptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "therizinosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Therizinosauria is nested in Maniraptora under conventional working topology.", "references": [ { "id": "paralither2022", "title": "New therizinosaurid dinosaur from the marine Osoushinai Formation", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11063-5", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-022-11063-5", "year": 2022, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Erlikosaurus and Segnosaurus are therizinosaurids; several traditionally assigned forms are outside phylogenetic Therizinosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Therizinosauria", "clade:Therizinosauroidea", "genus:246318" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "246318" ], "candidateIds": [ "246318" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "56388", "name": "Masiakasaurus", "displayName": "Masiakasaurus", "attribution": "Sampson et al. 2001", "rawAttribution": "Sampson et al. 2001", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56388", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Noasauridae", "Noasaurinae", "Masiakasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "54535", "67928", "56388" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56388", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Masiakasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56388" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "483691", "collectionId": "25074", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23634", "collectionReferenceId": "7030", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-18 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "three bonebeds: BB1, BB2, BB3 - which should eventually be separated into distinct collections", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, near village of Berivotra, Madagascar. Coordinates are for Berivotra." }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "662960", "collectionId": "71399", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24130", "collectionReferenceId": "24130", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south of RN4, Berivotra (MSNM/MCF)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "south of RN4, near village of Berivotra, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "786406", "collectionId": "39265", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28486", "collectionReferenceId": "10611", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD96-01 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"uppermost white sandstone unit\" = Anembalemba Member", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "786409", "collectionId": "84840", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28486", "collectionReferenceId": "24665", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD99-33 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "at very base of member", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "787590", "collectionId": "85063", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28486", "collectionReferenceId": "28486", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD05-42 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "Berivotra Study Area", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098567", "collectionId": "39266", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "10611", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-35 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"uppermost white sandstone unit\" = Anembalemba Member", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098568", "collectionId": "55268", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "14771", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-01 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as Campanian but now considered Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "locality MAD 93-01, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098569", "collectionId": "138731", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-09 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "locality MAD 93-09, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra, SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098570", "collectionId": "138732", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-30 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "locality MAD 93-30, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra, SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098571", "collectionId": "32366", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "8731", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-33 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as Campanian but now considered Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "locality MAD 93-33, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098572", "collectionId": "55269", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "14771", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-34 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as Campanian but now considered Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "locality MAD 93-01, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098573", "collectionId": "138733", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-72 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098574", "collectionId": "138734", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-38 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"uppermost white sandstone unit\" = Anembalemba Member", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098575", "collectionId": "138735", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-74 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098576", "collectionId": "46894", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "12459", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD93-81 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098577", "collectionId": "91206", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "30695", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD05-04 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098578", "collectionId": "138737", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD96-11 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098580", "collectionId": "138738", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD98-26 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "locality MAD 98-26, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra, SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098581", "collectionId": "84841", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "24665", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD99-26 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098582", "collectionId": "138739", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD99-30 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098583", "collectionId": "138740", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD99-06 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098584", "collectionId": "138741", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD99-38 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098585", "collectionId": "138742", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD99-05 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near village of Berivotra, SE of Majunga, NW Madagascar" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098586", "collectionId": "118203", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "38067", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Masorobe", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD03-03 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "locality MAD 03-03, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098587", "collectionId": "138743", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD03-40 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "locality MAD 03-40, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra, SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098588", "collectionId": "138744", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD03-66 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "locality MAD 03-66, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra, SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098589", "collectionId": "138745", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD07-16 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098590", "collectionId": "138746", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44450", "collectionReferenceId": "44450", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Masorobe", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD07-13 (SUNY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, near town of Berivotra and SE of Majunga" }, { "genusId": "56388", "genus": "Masiakasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559642", "collectionId": "206553", "identifiedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "acceptedName": "Masiakasaurus knopfleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76780", "collectionReferenceId": "76780", "cc": "MG", "state": "Mahajanga", "county": "", "formation": "Maevarano", "member": "Anembalemba", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MAD05-38", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Noasauridae", "Noasaurinae", "Masiakasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Noasauridae", "clade:Noasaurinae", "genus:56388" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56388" ], "candidateIds": [ "56388" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38642", "name": "Massospondylus", "displayName": "Massospondylus", "attribution": "Owen 1854", "rawAttribution": "Owen 1854", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38642", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Massospondylus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "56621", "38642" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Quantitative tooth form/function supports plant-dominated feeding; no fossil meal claimed.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Massospondylidae › Massospondylus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": null, "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic", "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38642", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Massospondylus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38642" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "150174", "collectionId": "13326", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "38488", "collectionReferenceId": "4425", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Bethlehem", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Rooidraai, Golden Gate Highlands National Park (BPI)", "collection_aka": "Red Bend", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"approximately 3-4 m below the very marked contact between the Elliot Formation (Red Bed Stage) and very silty sandstone of the lower Clarens Formation (Cave Sandstone Stage) ... the horizon which yielded the eggs overlies which can be termed the Tritylodon assemblage zone.\" Upper part of formation, equivalent to Massospondylus Range Zone.", "geogcomments": "in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park. 17 km east of Clarens, along road connecting Clarens and Phuthaditjhaba. Rooidraai, a roadside exposure along the R712; 28° 30′ 29.10′′ S 28° 37′ 22.11′′ E" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "150175", "collectionId": "13326", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4425", "collectionReferenceId": "4425", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Bethlehem", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Rooidraai, Golden Gate Highlands National Park (BPI)", "collection_aka": "Red Bend", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"approximately 3-4 m below the very marked contact between the Elliot Formation (Red Bed Stage) and very silty sandstone of the lower Clarens Formation (Cave Sandstone Stage) ... the horizon which yielded the eggs overlies which can be termed the Tritylodon assemblage zone.\" Upper part of formation, equivalent to Massospondylus Range Zone.", "geogcomments": "in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park. 17 km east of Clarens, along road connecting Clarens and Phuthaditjhaba. Rooidraai, a roadside exposure along the R712; 28° 30′ 29.10′′ S 28° 37′ 22.11′′ E" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "367656", "collectionId": "34777", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10538", "collectionReferenceId": "9277", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Mashonaland West", "county": "", "formation": "Upper Karroo Sandstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Karoo", "collection_name": "Mana Pools Camp site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "described as \"Upper Karroo sediments/System\", and \"Upper Trias,\" possible correlated with Forest Sandstone near Bulawayo.", "geogcomments": "\"well below the 2000' contour\" on topo map; Mana Pools Camp, overlooking gorge in Angwa River, downstream of confluence with Maura River, less than 10 miles from the foot of the Zambezi escarpment, Sipololo district (now Mashonaland West), Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)." }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "372892", "collectionId": "35296", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15499", "collectionReferenceId": "9522", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland North", "county": "Nyamandhlovu", "formation": "Forest Sandstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Karoo", "collection_name": "Farm Dingaan, Bubi", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"no more than\" 100 ft below base of Karroo Basalts", "geogcomments": "Dingaan farm (neighboring Waterfall Farm, 25 miles NE of Bulawayo), Bubi District, Southern Rhodesia (= Zimbabwe)" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "385293", "collectionId": "36702", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10538", "collectionReferenceId": "9818", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ladybrand", "formation": "Clarens", "member": "", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Thecodontosaurus site, Ladybrand townlands (zone B/4)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Cave Sandstone\r\n\r\nBordy et al. 2020", "geogcomments": "Ladybrand, (Orange) Free State" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "385657", "collectionId": "36741", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus carinatus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9842", "collectionReferenceId": "9842", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Harrismith", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Beauchef Abbey (213), Harrismith (zone B/1)", "collection_aka": "Massospondylus type, farm Beaucherf", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Red Beds\" = Elliot Fm. (upper)", "geogcomments": "farm Beauchef (? Beaucherf), Harrismith district, South Africa. From \"a hill capped by sandstone on the east boundary of the farm Beaucherf, in the district of Harrismith, on the watershed of the Drakensberg…The fossils were on the east face of the beacon-hill which is north-west of Beaucherf House.\" (J. M. Orpen, 5 Aug 1889)." }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "386280", "collectionId": "36850", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10538", "collectionReferenceId": "9818", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ficksburg", "formation": "Clarens", "member": "", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Thecodontosaurus site, Rosendal (zone B/4)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Cave Sandstone\r\nBordy et al. 2020\r\n", "geogcomments": "Rosendal, Senekal district (= Ficksburg), (Orange) Free State, South Africa" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "461469", "collectionId": "45533", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11947", "collectionReferenceId": "11947", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland South", "county": "", "formation": "Mpandi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mpandi prosauropod site 1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern Limpopo Valley" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "461471", "collectionId": "45535", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11947", "collectionReferenceId": "11947", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland South", "county": "", "formation": "Mpandi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mpandi prosauropod site 2", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern Limpopo Valley" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "461472", "collectionId": "45536", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11947", "collectionReferenceId": "11947", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland South", "county": "", "formation": "Mpandi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mpandi prosauropod site 3", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern Limpopo Valley" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "461474", "collectionId": "45537", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11947", "collectionReferenceId": "11947", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland South", "county": "", "formation": "Mpandi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mpandi prosauropod site 4", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern Limpopo Valley" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "461577", "collectionId": "45542", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11947", "collectionReferenceId": "11947", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland South", "county": "", "formation": "Mpandi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mpandi prosauropod site 5", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern Limpopo Valley" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "461578", "collectionId": "45543", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11947", "collectionReferenceId": "11947", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland South", "county": "", "formation": "Mpandi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mpandi prosauropod site 6", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower pink sandstone", "geogcomments": "northern Limpopo Valley" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "461579", "collectionId": "45544", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11947", "collectionReferenceId": "11947", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland South", "county": "", "formation": "Mpandi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mpandi prosauropod site 7", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern Limpopo Valley" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "461580", "collectionId": "45545", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11947", "collectionReferenceId": "11947", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland South", "county": "", "formation": "Mpandi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mpandi prosauropod site 8", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern Limpopo Valley" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "474089", "collectionId": "47032", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus kaalae n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus kaalae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36501", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Herschel", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Voyizane (SAM)", "collection_aka": "Voisana", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper Elliot Fm., Massospondylus range zone", "geogcomments": "Voyizane (Voisana) farm, Transkei district (= Herschel), South Africa" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "474090", "collectionId": "47032", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12503", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Herschel", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Voyizane (SAM)", "collection_aka": "Voisana", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper Elliot Fm., Massospondylus range zone", "geogcomments": "Voyizane (Voisana) farm, Transkei district (= Herschel), South Africa" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "474091", "collectionId": "47033", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12503", "collectionReferenceId": "12503", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ladybrand", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Vroolykheid Farm (284) (SAM)", "collection_aka": "Ladybrand", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper Elliot Fm., Massospondylus range zone", "geogcomments": "Vroolykheid Farm, Ladybrand district" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "483698", "collectionId": "48390", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12925", "collectionReferenceId": "12925", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland North", "county": "Nyamandhlovu", "formation": "Forest Sandstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Karoo", "collection_name": "Southcote Farm (NMR)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Southcote Farm" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "483701", "collectionId": "48391", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "12926", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Clocolon", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "south of road, farm Mequatling (278) (\"middle Elliot\")", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "bones from \"a distinctive horizon within the Elliot Formation\" - within the \"Red Beds\" of the upper Elliot Fm.", "geogcomments": "1 km long exposure, farm Mequatling (278), about 20 km WSW of town of Clocolan, S of road between Clocolan and Excelsior." }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "487120", "collectionId": "48824", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13010", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Herschel", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Blikana Mountain (BP/1/4376)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle Elliot Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "487121", "collectionId": "48825", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13010", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Clocolon", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Bormansdrift (133) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper Elliot Formation", "geogcomments": "farm Bormansdrift, Mekoatlengsnek map" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "487123", "collectionId": "48827", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13010", "collectionReferenceId": "13010", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "", "formation": "Clarens", "member": "", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Upper Drumbo farm, prosauropod (BP/1/5241)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Bordy et al. 2020", "geogcomments": "Barkley East map, farm Upper Drumbo" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "534941", "collectionId": "55343", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "LS", "state": "Quthing", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Masitise 2 (MNHN)", "collection_aka": "Masitisi", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Elliot Fm.", "geogcomments": "from near Masitise (= Masitisi), Quthing district, between Alwynskop and Moyeni; Palmietfontein map" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "566829", "collectionId": "59363", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17010", "collectionReferenceId": "17010", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ladybrand", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Damplaats (55), Ladybrand", "collection_aka": "Newlands (42)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farm Damplaats, near Ladybrand, Orange Free State; listed by Kitching & Raath 1984 as Newlands (42)" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "699867", "collectionId": "75181", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Herschel", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Tyindini (SAM)", "collection_aka": "Tyinindini", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "unknown whether Upper or Lower Elliot", "geogcomments": "near the Tyindini (Tyinindini) trading store, Herschel district, Blikana map" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "699886", "collectionId": "75186", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "LS", "state": "Qacha's Nek", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Thaba Tseou", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Thaba Tseou, Pack Ox Nek map" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "699887", "collectionId": "75187", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "34361", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Albert", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Witkop, Burgersdorp", "collection_aka": "Burghersdorp", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"in the 'Red Beds' of the Stormberg Series far above the Cynognathus beds\"", "geogcomments": "farm Witkop, town of Burgersdorp (Burghersdorp), Albert" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "699900", "collectionId": "75196", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ladybrand", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm St Elmo (699), Ladybrand", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farm St Elmo (699), Ladybrand" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "700391", "collectionId": "75261", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ladybrand", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Diepgesicht (54) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "Ladybrand", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farm Diepgesicht (54), Ladybrand" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "700394", "collectionId": "75262", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ladybrand", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Vastrap (804) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "Ladybrand", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part - \"Middle Elliot Fm.\"", "geogcomments": "farm Vastrap (804), Ladybrand" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "717652", "collectionId": "77055", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26082", "collectionReferenceId": "26082", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Blikana Mountain (SAM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Blikana Mountain" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "749744", "collectionId": "80186", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32788", "collectionReferenceId": "26977", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland North", "county": "Nyamandhlovu", "formation": "Forest Sandstone", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "Karoo", "collection_name": "Chelmer spruit, Farm Chelmer (1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Middle Division of formaiton; less than 100 ft below base of Karroo Basalts", "geogcomments": "Chelmer spruit, on Farm Chelmer, about 15 mi from Bulawayo on the Nyamandhlovu road; \"The fossil remains were found in one of these tributary gullies in the north bank of the main stream about one thousand five hundred yards north forty degrees west of Chelmer homestead\" (Phaup 1932)" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "932999", "collectionId": "101830", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "34628", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Clocolan", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Bormansdrift (133) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "Australochelys holotype", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1095788", "collectionId": "138322", "identifiedName": "? Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44256", "collectionReferenceId": "44256", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Barkly East", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Upper Drumbo Farm (BPI)", "collection_aka": "pathological dinosaur tail", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Upper Drumbo Farm, Barkly East district" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1164062", "collectionId": "149752", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ladybrand", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Roodebloem (334) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1164071", "collectionId": "107097", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ladybrand", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Broken Slopes (793), Farm Vastrap (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"Broken Slopes\" (793), an annex of Farm Vastrap (804), Ladybrand" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1164073", "collectionId": "149753", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Clocolan", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Nova Barletta (307) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Middle Elliot\" probably = lower part of Upper Elliot", "geogcomments": "Nova Barletta farm, Hamelneuskop, Clocolan District, Free State, South Africa" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1164075", "collectionId": "45796", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "12138", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Herschel", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Dangershoek", "collection_aka": "Dangers Hoek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Red Beds\" of upper Elliot Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dangers Hoek (Dangershoek)" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1164077", "collectionId": "149754", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Fouriesburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Langkloof (34) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Middle Elliot\" probably = lower part of Upper Elliot", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1223339", "collectionId": "160392", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "7238", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Fouriesburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Bestersvlei (186), northeast of farmhouse", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "assumed to be Upper Elliot - 100 m below contact with Clarens Fm.", "geogcomments": "from an erosion donga on farm Bestersvlei, on a level with the farmhouse, to its NE, near Fouriesburg" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1334981", "collectionId": "24755", "identifiedName": "? Massospondylus carinatus", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "57335", "collectionReferenceId": "57335", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland South", "county": "", "formation": "Forest Sandstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Karoo", "collection_name": "east of Ipayi confluence, Limpopo", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on N bank of Limpopo River, E of the Ipayi confluence, 90 m W of Sentinel Ranch homestead; outcrop extends for 140 m along bank, up to 3 m above the river." }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1405109", "collectionId": "194005", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63959", "collectionReferenceId": "63959", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Rosendal", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Beatrix Farm", "collection_aka": "Rosendal", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approximately 2 m below the Elliot/Clarens contact", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1528952", "collectionId": "214424", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73937", "collectionReferenceId": "73937", "cc": "NA", "state": "Otjozondupa", "county": "", "formation": "Etjo", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "Etendeka", "collection_name": "W-P4, Waterberg Plateau", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of Middle Unit", "geogcomments": "Waterberg Plateau, ca. 130 km NE of Otjihaenamaparero" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1559588", "collectionId": "220077", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Fouriesburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Caledon Park, Dunblane (335) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Caledon Park, Dunblane 335, 1-2 km SW of Clarens, eastern Free State" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1562556", "collectionId": "220586", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77101", "collectionReferenceId": "77101", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Mashonaland West", "county": "", "formation": "Pebbly Arkose", "member": "", "geological_group": "Karoo", "collection_name": "Spurwing Island, Lake Kariba", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Spurwing Island, Lake Kariba" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639066", "collectionId": "232293", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Bethlehem", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Boshoek (1264) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639068", "collectionId": "232295", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Bethlehem", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Elim (842) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639069", "collectionId": "232296", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Bethlehem", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Bramleyshoek (52) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639070", "collectionId": "232297", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Bethlehem", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Bramleyshoek (52) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639074", "collectionId": "232298", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Bethlehem", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Sunnyside (1178) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Farm Sunnyside, near Clarens" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639075", "collectionId": "232299", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Fouriesburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm St Fort, Letsoana Stad (347) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "Letsoanastad", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farm St Fort (Letsoanastad)" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639077", "collectionId": "232300", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Fouriesburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm St Fort, Letsoana Stad (347) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "Letsoanastad", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "farm St Fort (Letsoanastad)" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639079", "collectionId": "232301", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Fouriesburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Saaihoek (194) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "Zaaihoek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639081", "collectionId": "232302", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Fouriesburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Saaihoek (194) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "Zaaihoek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639082", "collectionId": "232303", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Fouriesburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm La France (379) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639084", "collectionId": "232304", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Fouriesburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Naudes Lust (334) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639085", "collectionId": "232305", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Fouriesburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Groot Verwulf (274) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639087", "collectionId": "232306", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Fouriesburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm De Villiersdrift (338) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639088", "collectionId": "232307", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Fouriesburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm De Villiersdrift (338) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639089", "collectionId": "232308", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Marquard", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Magetzane (292) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Bordy et al. 2020; lower part of Clarens", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639090", "collectionId": "232309", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Winburg", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Van Soelenshoek (590) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639092", "collectionId": "232310", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Bethlehem", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Vallombrosa (1216) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639093", "collectionId": "14228", "identifiedName": "cf. Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "6296", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Gertruida (38)", "collection_aka": "De Rust", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"from the Elliot Formation approximately three metres below the Clarens Formation\"", "geogcomments": "\"collected on the farm Gertruida (farm number 38) near Clocolan in the Orange Free State\"" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639095", "collectionId": "232311", "identifiedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus carinatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94135", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Clocolon", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Mequatling (459) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "278", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Farm Mequatling (459) (incorrectly listed as 278 in Smith & Kitching 1997), Clocolan area, Setsoto local municipality" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639096", "collectionId": "232312", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Massospondylus sp.", "acceptedName": "Massospondylus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ladybrand", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Vroolykheid (284) (\"middle\" Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38642", "genus": "Massospondylus", "occurrenceId": "1639104", "collectionId": "232316", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Full 2010 specimen catalogue not accessed; only the independently verified type locality is labelled confirmed in the locality search." }, { "title": "The taxonomic status of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, UK", "authors": "Benson, Barrett, Powell and Norman", "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00751.x", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00751.x", "accessedDate": "2026-10-11", "access": "Full primary text read: historical referrals, geological setting and lectotype locality. The later 2010 revision supersedes the narrow 2008 anatomical referral treatment." } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "comparisonValues": [ "Europe" ], "status": "literature-reviewed", "rationale": "Use the diagnosed current Megalosaurus bucklandii identity from England. The frozen Africa/Asia referrals are historical assignments, not verified extensions of its modern genus range. 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Full 2010 specimen catalogue not accessed; only the independently verified type locality is labelled confirmed in the locality search." }, { "title": "The taxonomic status of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, UK", "authors": "Benson, Barrett, Powell and Norman", "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00751.x", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00751.x", "accessedDate": "2026-10-11", "access": "Full primary text read: historical referrals, geological setting and lectotype locality. 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Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-517932" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517953", "collectionId": "52550", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandi", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandii", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "14142", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershire", "formation": "Forest Marble", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Stanton, Wiltshire (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Stanton, Wiltshire", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-517953" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517977", "collectionId": "52551", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23773", "collectionReferenceId": "23773", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "Forest Marble", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Enslow Bridge theropod (OUM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Enslow Bridge, Oxfordshire", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-517977" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "518057", "collectionId": "52572", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14134", "collectionReferenceId": "14134", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Inferior Oolite", "collection_name": "Kingham, Oxford", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Kingham, near Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-518057" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "518058", "collectionId": "52573", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14134", "collectionReferenceId": "14134", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershre", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Inferior Oolite", "collection_name": "Broadwell, Gloucestershire", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Broadwell, near Merke-in-the-Marsh", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-518058" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "518385", "collectionId": "52633", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus ", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "14142", "cc": "FR", "state": "Basse-Normandie", "county": "Calvados", "formation": "Marnes de Dives", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vaches Noires (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Argile de Dives\" presumably = Marnes de Dives", "geogcomments": "estimated location(s) along Vaches Noires cliffs", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-518385" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "518524", "collectionId": "52649", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus dunkeri", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14128", "collectionReferenceId": "14142", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hollington Quarry (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Wadhurst Clay Formation of the Hastings Beds Subgroup has an ages of Lower Valanginian according to Radley (2006; vide Allen & Wimbledon 1991)", "geogcomments": "Hollington, near Hastings, East Sussex; TQ 799126 [also listed as TQ 795115]", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-518524" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "528294", "collectionId": "53966", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14128", "collectionReferenceId": "19135", "cc": "FR", "state": "Pas-de-Calais", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Portel, Boulogne", "collection_aka": "Boulonnais", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Perna bouchardi beds\", \"middle Portlandian\", also described as \"Kimmeridigian\"", "geogcomments": "Portel, near Boulogne-sur-Mer", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-528294" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545347", "collectionId": "57120", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15587", "collectionReferenceId": "10557", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershire", "formation": "Cotswold Slate", "member": "Eyford", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huntsman's Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "early Middle Bathonian", "geogcomments": "This quarry is approx. 0.8 km from Eyford, and 2 km northeast of Naunton on an unclassified road that crosses Eyford Hill. \r\nSP 126253", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-545347" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545365", "collectionId": "57121", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10557", "collectionReferenceId": "10557", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershire", "formation": "Cotswold Slate", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kineton Thorns Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "This quarry is 0.8 km northwest of Hutsman's Quarry. Coordinates are based on the town of Kineton.", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-545365" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545761", "collectionId": "57140", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10557", "collectionReferenceId": "10557", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershire", "formation": "Cotswold Slate", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eyford Hill Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "North and northeast of Naunton", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-545761" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "558441", "collectionId": "57120", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandii", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandii", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15587", "collectionReferenceId": "10557", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershire", "formation": "Cotswold Slate", "member": "Eyford", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huntsman's Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "early Middle Bathonian", "geogcomments": "This quarry is approx. 0.8 km from Eyford, and 2 km northeast of Naunton on an unclassified road that crosses Eyford Hill. \r\nSP 126253", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-558441" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565576", "collectionId": "59127", "identifiedName": "\"Megalosaurus\" sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16869", "collectionReferenceId": "16869", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Cambridgeshire", "formation": "Oxford Clay", "member": "Peterborough", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fletton brick pit, Peterborough (Leeds collection, Sedgwick museum)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "brick pit near Peterborough", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-565576" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "566820", "collectionId": "59357", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandii n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14134", "collectionReferenceId": "78316", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "Taynton Limestone", "member": "Stonesfield Slates", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Stonesfield Slate quarries", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "four quarries in the area around Stonesfield, near Woodstock, 12 mi NW of Oxford; specimen locations were not specifically recorded during collection" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "566825", "collectionId": "59362", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17007", "collectionReferenceId": "17007", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Somerset", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Bath area theropod", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as the \"Bath oolite\"", "geogcomments": "from area of Bath, purchased by Mantell", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-566825" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "569022", "collectionId": "59715", "identifiedName": "? Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27912", "collectionReferenceId": "63413", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cornwell quarry", "collection_aka": "Plot", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from a quarry in Cornwell parish, near Chipping Norton", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-569022" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "656636", "collectionId": "53520", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23773", "collectionReferenceId": "23773", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "Forest Marble", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Bletchington Station (OUM)", "collection_aka": "Cetiosaurus oxoniensis type site, Kirtlington, Beltchingdon, Kirklington", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the fimbriatus-waltoni beds, Procerites hodsoni zone = early late Bathonian; possibly part of the discus unit higher in the late Bathonian; also ascribed to the Bladon Mbr of the White Limestone Fm", "geogcomments": "A quarry E of Bletchingdon (= Bletchington, old Kirtlington) Station, near Enslow Bridge, National Grid Reference SP 484 182, about 8 mi (12.9 km) N of Oxford, along Lince Lane", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-656636" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "694914", "collectionId": "74835", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25218", "collectionReferenceId": "25218", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershire", "formation": "Chipping Norton Limestone", "member": "Hook Norton", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Oakham Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "same level as New Park Quarry", "geogcomments": "Oakham Quarry, about 1 mi WNW of Little Compton", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-694914" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "705780", "collectionId": "75743", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25599", "collectionReferenceId": "25599", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Kimmeridge Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Weymouth, Dorset (UCMP) (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Weymouth, Dorset, UK, but details unknown", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-705780" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "751819", "collectionId": "80516", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31381", "collectionReferenceId": "31381", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Ashdown", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Ridgeway Hill, railway cutting", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from \"at the base of the series.\" 'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation, so this is probably Ashdown Fm.", "geogcomments": "Ridgeway Hill, railway cutting near S entrance to (S side of) Ridgeway tunnel, near Weymouth", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-751819" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "774681", "collectionId": "59716", "identifiedName": "? Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27912", "collectionReferenceId": "17103", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "Taynton Limestone", "member": "Stonesfield Slates", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Woodstock, Stonesfield", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "1/4 mi NW of Stonesfield, on the \"declivity of a rising ground\", near Woodstock", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-774681" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "824866", "collectionId": "90877", "identifiedName": "? Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30573", "collectionReferenceId": "30573", "cc": "FR", "state": "Franche-Comte", "county": "Doubs", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Miserey, bed 1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "base of the Rhaetian", "geogcomments": "Miserey, Doubs Dept., Franche-Comte", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-824866" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "831512", "collectionId": "91990", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30956", "collectionReferenceId": "14071", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Black Horse Quarry, Tetham Hill", "collection_aka": "Battle, Tetham Bone Bed, Talham Bone Bed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden Formation\" originally but term covered several groups in modern usage\r\nThe Wadhurst Clay Formation of the Hastings Beds Subgroup has an ages of Lower Valanginian according to Radley (2006; vide Allen & Wimbledon 1991)", "geogcomments": "Black Horse Quarry, W side of Black Horse Hill, Tetham (Telham) Hill, 1.5 mi (ca. 2 km) SE of Battle; TQ 76881422 (also given as TQ 769142)", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-831512" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "831529", "collectionId": "91991", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandi", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandii", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14071", "collectionReferenceId": "14071", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Yorkshire", "formation": "Coral Rag", "member": "", "geological_group": "Corallian", "collection_name": "Malton", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Oolite\"", "geogcomments": "Malton, Yorkshire", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-831529" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "831530", "collectionId": "91992", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandi", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandii", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "14071", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Oxfordshire", "formation": "Stanford", "member": "Coral Rag", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Sandford", "collection_aka": "Great Sandford", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dry Sandford/Great Sandford, near Abingdon", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-831530" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "832132", "collectionId": "36581", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandi", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandii", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14142", "collectionReferenceId": "9796", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Bedfordshire", "formation": "Woburn Sand", "member": "Potton Nodule Bed", "geological_group": "Lower Greensand", "collection_name": "Potton bonebed", "collection_aka": "Craterosaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Potton Sands = Woburn Sands; possibly reworked. \"it may be as new as the upper part of the Lower Greensand\" (Seeley, 1874).", "geogcomments": "near Potton, Bedfordshire", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-832132" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1106459", "collectionId": "139920", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45099", "collectionReferenceId": "45099", "cc": "FR", "state": "Marne", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pargny-sur-Saulx", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "20 km North of Saint-Diziere (Haute-Marne), at Pargny-sur-Saulx (Meuse).", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1106459" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1106812", "collectionId": "90080", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45099", "collectionReferenceId": "45099", "cc": "FR", "state": "Charentes", "county": "Vienne", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poitiers environs", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "environs of Poitiers", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1106812" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1106814", "collectionId": "140021", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45099", "collectionReferenceId": "45099", "cc": "FR", "state": "Lorraine", "county": "Meuse", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Les Islettes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1106814" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1106816", "collectionId": "140022", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45099", "collectionReferenceId": "45099", "cc": "FR", "state": "Lorraine", "county": "Meuse", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Varennes-en-Argonne", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1106816" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1112913", "collectionId": "141177", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45806", "collectionReferenceId": "45814", "cc": "FR", "state": "Basse-Normandie", "county": "Calvados", "formation": "Marnes de Dives", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vaches Noires, near Villers (École des Mines)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Couches du Mauvais-Pas\"", "geogcomments": "estimated location along Vaches Noires cliffs, supposedly near Villers", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1112913" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1112915", "collectionId": "141177", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45817", "collectionReferenceId": "45814", "cc": "FR", "state": "Basse-Normandie", "county": "Calvados", "formation": "Marnes de Dives", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vaches Noires, near Villers (École des Mines)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Couches du Mauvais-Pas\"", "geogcomments": "estimated location along Vaches Noires cliffs, supposedly near Villers", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1112915" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1119209", "collectionId": "142143", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46174", "collectionReferenceId": "46174", "cc": "FR", "state": "Franche-Comté", "county": "Haute-Sâone", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "north of Gray", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unnamed beds, either Coronatum or Athleta Zone; Originally labeled as coming from the Minerai de Fer d'Autrey, but this is a Neogene bed", "geogcomments": "likely from the plateaus north of Gray, between the towns of Combeaufontaine and Champlitte; principal outcrops are south of Melin and toward Larret, Gatey, and Courtesoult", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1119209" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1247662", "collectionId": "163141", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53788", "collectionReferenceId": "53788", "cc": "PL", "state": "Zachodniopomorskie", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fritzow, Cammin", "collection_aka": "Wrzosowo, Kamien", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from Fritzow, near/in Cammin - now Wrzosowo, Poland, near Kamien (not Cammin in present-day eastern Germany - because this material went to the museum in Stettin, now Szczecin)", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1247662" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1247664", "collectionId": "48925", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus dunkeri n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53790", "collectionReferenceId": "53790", "cc": "DE", "state": "Niedersachsen", "county": "", "formation": "Bückeberg", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Deisters", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Wealden\", \"Hastings sands\"", "geogcomments": "from Deisters, the roof of the main coal tunnel", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1247664" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1252924", "collectionId": "53673", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus dapukaensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus dapukaensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46057", "collectionReferenceId": "64509", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xizang Zizhiqu", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Chaya", "collection_name": "Dabuka, Daye", "collection_aka": "Qamdo Basin, Dapuka, Chamdo", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Dabuka Fm.", "geogcomments": "near Dabuka village (Dapuka), Daye, Changdu, Qamdo Basin", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1252924" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1252929", "collectionId": "165590", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus tibetensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus tibetensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46057", "collectionReferenceId": "46057", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xizang", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "Duogaila", "geological_group": "Daye", "collection_name": "Changdu", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Changu area", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1252929" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1299745", "collectionId": "59099", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56568", "collectionReferenceId": "56568", "cc": "ES", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "Munilla", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Enciso", "collection_name": "Barranco de La Canal tracksite", "collection_aka": "Munilla, BLC, Nivel 1 Capa 3", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit 20, Leza Fm.? May be the same layer as at nearby La Umbria del Portillo. Equivalent to \"Nivel 1 Capa 3\" of Viera et al. 1984.", "geogcomments": "adjacent to the Barranco de La Canal, on map sheet 242 (Munilla), UTM 30T WM594724. Near edge of Munilla, immediately E of the Barrance de San Vicente. Four distinct outcrops of this level.", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1299745" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1299749", "collectionId": "173556", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56568", "collectionReferenceId": "56568", "cc": "ES", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "Munilla", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Enciso", "collection_name": "Barranco de La Canal VI tracksite", "collection_aka": "Munilla, 2LC, Nivel 2 Capa 4", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit 20, Leza Fm.?\r\n\"Nivel 2 Capa 4\"", "geogcomments": "adjacent to the Barranco de La Canal, on map sheet 242 (Munilla), UTM 30T WM594724. Near edge of Munilla, immediately E of the Barrance de San Vicente. Extends E to W from Barranco de La Canal to the lower part of hill 1,067, a little S of it.", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1299749" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1299753", "collectionId": "173557", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56568", "collectionReferenceId": "56568", "cc": "ES", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "Munilla", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Enciso", "collection_name": "Barranco de La Canal X/XI tracksites", "collection_aka": "Munilla, 3LC, Nivel 3 Capa 7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit 20, Leza Fm.?\r\n\"Nivel 3 Capa 7\"", "geogcomments": "adjacent to the Barranco de La Canal, on map sheet 242 (Munilla), UTM 30T WM594724. Near edge of Munilla, immediately E of the Barrance de San Vicente. Two distinct outcrops of this level, which are present E to W from the W side of Barranco de La Canal to a point N of hill 1,067.", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1299753" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1299755", "collectionId": "173558", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56568", "collectionReferenceId": "56568", "cc": "ES", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "Munilla", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Enciso", "collection_name": "Munilla Nivel 4 tracksite", "collection_aka": "Barranco de La Canal, 4LC", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit 20, Leza Fm.?\r\nCorresponds with level (Nivel) 4 of Barranco de San Vicente", "geogcomments": "a series of small, disconnected outcrops adjacent to the Barranco de La Canal, on map sheet 242 (Munilla), UTM 30T WM594724. Near edge of Munilla, immediately E of the Barrance de San Vicente.", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1299755" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1347075", "collectionId": "182492", "identifiedName": "? Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "60696", "collectionReferenceId": "76452", "cc": "DE", "state": "Nordrhein-Westfalen", "county": "", "formation": "Süntel", "member": "Unterbank", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bruns Quarry paleosol, Nettelstedt", "collection_aka": "Wiehengebirge", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bruns Quarry, Nettelstedt, in the Wiehengebirge (E of Osnabrueck)", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1347075" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1379351", "collectionId": "188778", "identifiedName": "? Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63387", "collectionReferenceId": "63387", "cc": "BE", "state": "Hainaut", "county": "", "formation": "Craie de Maisieres", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Maisières", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Dusar & Lagrou 2007 Geologica Belgica 10/1-2: 27-38 put this as Lower Coniacian, overlying Esplechin and Vert Galand formations (depending on area), and underlying the Saint-Vaast formation.", "geogcomments": "at Maisières", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1379351" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1388592", "collectionId": "190893", "identifiedName": "? Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64174", "collectionReferenceId": "64174", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Kent", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Langton", "collection_aka": "Tunbridge Wells", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from Langton, near Tunbridge Wells", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1388592" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1391608", "collectionId": "187192", "identifiedName": "? Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64604", "collectionReferenceId": "62785", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Headfoldwood Common, Loxwood", "collection_aka": "Headfold-wood, Tilgate", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation.", "geogcomments": "Headfoldwood Common, WSW of Loxwood. extreme western Tilgate beds", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1391608" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1564007", "collectionId": "67993", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31171", "collectionReferenceId": "31171", "cc": "FR", "state": "Franche-Comté", "county": "Doubs", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Puits-de-la-Brême", "collection_aka": "Puits-de-la-Breme, Doubs, Puits de Breme", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from Puits-de-la-Brême, near Scey-Maisière, Doubs Dept., SE of Besançon", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1564007" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1573601", "collectionId": "222390", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78163", "collectionReferenceId": "78163", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "foreshore tracksite, Chilton Chine", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "foreshore of the Isle of Wight at Chilton Chine", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1573601" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1574249", "collectionId": "222518", "identifiedName": "\"Megalosaurus\" sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31500", "collectionReferenceId": "14071", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "West Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "Grinstead Clay", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Hakesbourne Pit, Rusper", "collection_aka": "Hawksbourne", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hakesbourne Pit (= Hawksbourne), Rusper, 4 mi. NE of Horsham", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1574249" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1576316", "collectionId": "58100", "identifiedName": "cf. Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78377", "collectionReferenceId": "15616", "cc": "IN", "state": "Andhra Pradesh", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Asifabad A (Ada)", "collection_aka": "Intertrappean Beds of Asifabad", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Coeval to Takli Formation of Nagpur, intertrappean beds", "geogcomments": "2-2.5 km S-SE of the village Ada, near Asifabad - represents 3-4 distinct sites in 2 layers", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1576316" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1590089", "collectionId": "224727", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81063", "collectionReferenceId": "81063", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Durlston", "member": "Stair Hole", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Reynolds' Quarry", "collection_aka": "Queensground, Langton Matravers", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the \"pink bed\" of the Roach Stone = bed 50d of Damon's Purbeck strata, which probably = Durlston Fm., Intermarine Mb.\r\nDurlston Formation is likely upper Berriasian in age based on magnetostratigraphy (Ogg et al. 1994; Ogg et al. 2008) and correlates to other upper Berriasian assemblages in Europe (e.g. Wimbledon and Hunt 1993).", "geogcomments": "Reynolds' Quarry, Queensground Quarry, Acton, Langton Matravers", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1590089" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1606133", "collectionId": "227100", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56568", "collectionReferenceId": "56568", "cc": "ES", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "Munilla", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Enciso", "collection_name": "Barranco de La Canal VII/VIII tracksites", "collection_aka": "Munilla, BLC, Nivel 2 Capa 5", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit 20, Leza Fm.? Equivalent to \"Nivel 2 Capa 5\" of Viera et al. 1984.", "geogcomments": "adjacent to the Barranco de La Canal, on map sheet 242 (Munilla), dominated by hill 1.067. 2 distinct outcrops at this level.", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1606133" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1606134", "collectionId": "227101", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56568", "collectionReferenceId": "56568", "cc": "ES", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Enciso", "collection_name": "Barranco de la Canal XII tracksite", "collection_aka": "Nivel 3 Capa 8, BLC XII", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Nivel 3 Capa 8\"", "geogcomments": "in Barranco de La Canal, on map sheet 242 (Munilla). Near edge of Munilla, immediately E of the Barranco de San Vicente.", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1606134" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1606135", "collectionId": "227102", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56568", "collectionReferenceId": "56568", "cc": "ES", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Enciso", "collection_name": "Barranco de la Canal XIII tracksite", "collection_aka": "Nivel 3 Capa 9, BLC XII", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Nivel 3 Capa 9\"", "geogcomments": "in Barranco de La Canal, on map sheet 242 (Munilla). Near edge of Munilla, immediately E of the Barranco de San Vicente.", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1606135" }, { "genusId": "38583", "genus": "Megalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633855", "collectionId": "52571", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandi", "acceptedName": "Megalosaurus bucklandii", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9842", "collectionReferenceId": "9842", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Hastings Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Battle, Hastings (Hastings Beds)", "collection_aka": "Huene 74", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation.", "geogcomments": "Battle, near Hastings, Sussex", "localityStatus": "historical-referral-unverified", "specimenScope": "Historical Megalosaurus referral; not verified here against the diagnosed modern genus. Retained as uncertain locality evidence, not a confirmed clue anchor.", "finalReview": "megalosaurus-historical-1633855" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Reviewed period and region clues use the modern diagnosed genus. Locality search distinguishes the verified type occurrence from historical referrals awaiting specimen-level confirmation; all original occurrences remain in the detailed footprint.", "references": [ { "title": "A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods", "authors": "Benson", "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00569.x", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00569.x", "accessedDate": "2026-10-11", "access": "Primary publisher abstract read: valid Bathonian English taxon and expanded diagnosed referred anatomy. Full 2010 specimen catalogue not accessed; only the independently verified type locality is labelled confirmed in the locality search." }, { "title": "The taxonomic status of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, UK", "authors": "Benson, Barrett, Powell and Norman", "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00751.x", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00751.x", "accessedDate": "2026-10-11", "access": "Full primary text read: historical referrals, geological setting and lectotype locality. The later 2010 revision supersedes the narrow 2008 anatomical referral treatment." } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Megalosauridae", "Megalosaurinae", "Megalosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Megalosauridae", "clade:Megalosaurinae", "genus:38583" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "136689", "38583", "38587", "348314" ], "candidateIds": [ "136689", "38583", "38587", "348314" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "101006", "name": "Megapnosaurus", "displayName": "Megapnosaurus", "attribution": "Ivie et al. 2001", "rawAttribution": "Ivie et al. 2001", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=101006", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Coelophysoidea", "Coelophysidae", "Megapnosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "55476", "55478", "101006" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Separate genus is a defensible modern working treatment. The unqualified historic Syntarsus name also includes kayentakatae, which should not be reassigned to rhodesiensis. South African BP/1/5278 and China/US occurrence rows need their own referral review. 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Coordinates for halfway between these two farms" }, { "genusId": "101006", "genus": "Megapnosaurus", "occurrenceId": "483702", "collectionId": "48392", "identifiedName": "Syntarsus rhodesiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12927", "collectionReferenceId": "56881", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland North", "county": "Nyamandhlovu", "formation": "Forest Sandstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Karoo", "collection_name": "Kwengula stream, Southcote Farm", "collection_aka": "Syntarsus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "exposures on Kwengula stream, Southcote Farm, Nyamandhlovu district, on bank of Kwengula River, 20 miles (38 km) NW of Bulawayo" }, { "genusId": "101006", "genus": "Megapnosaurus", "occurrenceId": "500518", "collectionId": "50823", "identifiedName": "Syntarsus rhodesiensis", "acceptedName": "Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13579", "collectionReferenceId": "32805", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Mashonaland North", "county": "", "formation": "Forest Sandstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chitake River bonebed", "collection_aka": "Chiwore", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Chitake River, central Zambezi Valley, 80 km W of Maura River locality" }, { "genusId": "101006", "genus": "Megapnosaurus", "occurrenceId": "500519", "collectionId": "50824", "identifiedName": "Syntarsus rhodesiensis", "acceptedName": "Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63435", "collectionReferenceId": "63435", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland North", "county": "Nyamandhlovu", "formation": "Forest Sandstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Karoo", "collection_name": "Maura River, Zambezi Valley 2", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally called the \"Maura River beds\"", "geogcomments": "on Maura River, central Zambezi Valley, 450 km NW of Syntarsus type locality" }, { "genusId": "101006", "genus": "Megapnosaurus", "occurrenceId": "668546", "collectionId": "72091", "identifiedName": "cf. Megapnosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megapnosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24404", "collectionReferenceId": "43832", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tati, Lufeng (CUP)", "collection_aka": "Ta Ti, Dadi; near Dawa village", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Tati sites supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified aside from Tatisaurus." }, { "genusId": "101006", "genus": "Megapnosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1209934", "collectionId": "157016", "identifiedName": "? Megapnosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Megapnosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51460", "collectionReferenceId": "51460", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Washington", "formation": "Moenave", "member": "Whitmore Point", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Freeman Quarry (lower fish beds), St. George", "collection_aka": "WCSD, Washington County School District, FQ1, SGDS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper and lower beds", "geogcomments": "within St. George city limits, on the property of the Washington County School District, just W of Riverside Drive from the original SGDS." } ], "aliases": [ "Syntarsus rhodesiensis", "Coelophysis rhodesiensis" ], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Separate genus is a defensible modern working treatment. The unqualified historic Syntarsus name also includes kayentakatae, which should not be reassigned to rhodesiensis. 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The bone association is possible feeding evidence, not an attributable digestive residue.", "webRefs": [ "turn639view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "relative-inferred", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65424", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Megaraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65424" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65424", "genus": "Megaraptor", "occurrenceId": "489975", "collectionId": "49415", "identifiedName": "Megaraptor namunhuaiquii", "acceptedName": "Megaraptor namunhuaiquii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24871", "collectionReferenceId": "24873", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Portezuelo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Futalognko Quarry, Costa Dinosaurio [MUCP]", "collection_aka": "Proyecto Dino, Lago Barreales, CePaLB", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "single 0.5-m thick bed\r\n\r\n\"The deposits belong either the upper part of the Portezuelo Formation or the middle portion of the Sierra Barrosa Formation, which are Upper Turonian to Lower Coniacian in age\" (Kellner et al. 2023)", "geogcomments": "90-95 km NW of Neuquén, N coast of Lago Barreales" }, { "genusId": "65424", "genus": "Megaraptor", "occurrenceId": "534195", "collectionId": "55264", "identifiedName": "Megaraptor namunhuaiquii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Megaraptor namunhuaiquii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13204", "collectionReferenceId": "14755", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Portezuelo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Megaraptor type, Sierra del Portezuelo", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sierra del Portezuelo, Neuquén province, Argentina" }, { "genusId": "65424", "genus": "Megaraptor", "occurrenceId": "1283554", "collectionId": "79953", "identifiedName": "Megaraptor namunhuaiquii", "acceptedName": "Megaraptor namunhuaiquii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55586", "collectionReferenceId": "85647", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Portezuelo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Baal Quarry, Lago Barreales [MUCP]", "collection_aka": "North coast of Barreales lake", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper levels of the Portezuelo Formation", "geogcomments": "Baal Quarry, Loma de La Lata area, near the northern coast of Lago Los Barreales, 12 km south of Anelo city; coordinates based on map in Porfiri et al. (2011: fig. 1)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Megaraptora", "Megaraptoridae", "Megaraptor" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Megaraptora", "clade:Megaraptoridae", "genus:65424" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148965", "514971", "455622", "65424", "345444", "122475", "376161" ], "candidateIds": [ "65424" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "portezuelo" ], "label": "Portezuelo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1283554", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Megaraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aerosteon", "Joaquinraptor", "Maip", "Murusraptor", "Orkoraptor", "Tratayenia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Megaraptor": [ "489975", "534195", "1283554" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "65424" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68249", "name": "Mei", "displayName": "Mei", "attribution": "Xu and Norell 2004", "rawAttribution": "Xu and Norell 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68249", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Sinovenatorinae", "Mei" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "372128", "68249" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68249", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Mei", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68249" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68249", "genus": "Mei", "occurrenceId": "536413", "collectionId": "53493", "identifiedName": "Mei long n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mei long", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14926", "collectionReferenceId": "14918", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal member of Yixian Formation = Member 1 = Lujiatun beds; 40Ar/39Ar age for bed is 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma.\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Lujiatun village (N 41° 36.201'; E 120° 54.793'), Shangyuan, Beipiao City" }, { "genusId": "68249", "genus": "Mei", "occurrenceId": "1075396", "collectionId": "133789", "identifiedName": "Mei long", "acceptedName": "Mei long", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43150", "collectionReferenceId": "43150", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Kaoshangtun, Shangyuan, Beipiao (DNHM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "The Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Kaoshangtun, Shangyuan, Beipiao City, western Liaoning, China." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Sinovenatorinae", "Mei" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Sinovenatorinae", "genus:68249" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "379315", "68249", "64888" ], "candidateIds": [ "379315", "68249", "64888" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38648", "name": "Melanorosaurus", "displayName": "Melanorosaurus", "attribution": "Haughton 1924", "rawAttribution": "Haughton 1924", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38648", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Melanorosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38648" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Sauropodiformes › Melanorosaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Plant dependence is broadly supported by craniodental evolution; feeding specialisation varies and exclusivity is not assumed.", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic", "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38648", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Melanorosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38648" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38648", "genus": "Melanorosaurus", "occurrenceId": "384555", "collectionId": "36609", "identifiedName": "Melanorosaurus readi", "acceptedName": "Melanorosaurus readi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9815", "collectionReferenceId": "9816", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Emalahleni", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Milner, Wodehouse", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "base of formation", "geogcomments": "from the banks of a narrow furrow on the farm Milner, Emalahleni municipality, former Wodehouse (Dordrecht) district, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Part of Swempoort, Jamestown map." }, { "genusId": "38648", "genus": "Melanorosaurus", "occurrenceId": "385301", "collectionId": "36704", "identifiedName": "Melanorosaurus readi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Melanorosaurus readi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9818", "collectionReferenceId": "9818", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Herschel", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Thaba 'Nyama, Herschel (zone A/6)", "collection_aka": "Melanorosaurus type, Black Mountain, Thabanyama-Bensonvale", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near base of Red Beds = lower Elliot Fm. Lower Elliot Fm. is dated as Norian (McPhee et al. 2014). lower Elliot Formation, upper Stormberg Group (mid-Norian–early Rhaetian, Upper Triassic: Scalenodontoides Assemblage Zone", "geogcomments": "Thaba 'Nyama (Black Mtn.) between Josana's Hoek and Josana's Neck, near Bensonvale, Herschel district, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Coordinates for Josana's Hoek. Sterkspruit map. Approx. 11 km SSW of Sterkspruit. \"According to archival information in the SAM the specimen was found 'under the first sandstone ridge west of the dolerite dyke on the north slope of Thaba ‘Nyama.'\"" }, { "genusId": "38648", "genus": "Melanorosaurus", "occurrenceId": "923798", "collectionId": "105770", "identifiedName": "cf. Melanorosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Melanorosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "35306", "cc": "LS", "state": "Mohale's Hoek", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Morobong Hill", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Site was initially described as being in the upper part of the Molteno Formation, but actually appears to be lower Elliot (see Kitching & Raath 1984); \"zone A/3\" of Ellenberger (1970)", "geogcomments": "Coordinates from Kitching & Raath (1984)" }, { "genusId": "38648", "genus": "Melanorosaurus", "occurrenceId": "931127", "collectionId": "106568", "identifiedName": "Melanorosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Melanorosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "LS", "state": "Leribe", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Leribe-Subeng", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Zones A/4, A/5\" of Ellenberger (1970)", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38648", "genus": "Melanorosaurus", "occurrenceId": "931162", "collectionId": "106571", "identifiedName": "Melanorosaurus readi", "acceptedName": "Melanorosaurus readi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35640", "collectionReferenceId": "90713", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "farm Damplaats (55), Melanorosaurus", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "16 metres below the lower Elliot/upper Elliot boundary, and 10.5 metres below the holotype specimen of Eocursor parvus", "geogcomments": "farm Damplaats, near Ladybrand, Orange Free State" }, { "genusId": "38648", "genus": "Melanorosaurus", "occurrenceId": "933037", "collectionId": "107167", "identifiedName": "cf. Melanorosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Melanorosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "LS", "state": "Mafeteng", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Maboloka", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Zone A/5\" of Ellenberger (1970)", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38648", "genus": "Melanorosaurus", "occurrenceId": "933048", "collectionId": "107170", "identifiedName": "cf. Melanorosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Melanorosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "LS", "state": "Maseru", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Botsabelo", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Zone A/3 and A/5\" of Ellenberger (1970)", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38648", "genus": "Melanorosaurus", "occurrenceId": "933817", "collectionId": "39659", "identifiedName": "Melanorosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Melanorosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35725", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Ladybrand", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Antetonitrus type, Welbedacht (611)/Edelweiss (698)", "collection_aka": "Ladybrand", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Originally thought to be from the lower member, but McPhee et al. 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Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=520791", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Mexidracon", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=520791" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "520791", "genus": "Mexidracon", "occurrenceId": "2065726", "collectionId": "278995", "identifiedName": "Mexidracon longimanus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mexidracon longimanus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "95026", "collectionReferenceId": "95026", "cc": "MX", "state": "Coahuila", "county": "General Cepeda", "formation": "Cerro del Pueblo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Difunta", "collection_name": "Loma Prieta BENC 32/2", "collection_aka": "Mexidracon-type locality", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Mexidracon" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68238", "name": "Microraptor", "displayName": "Microraptor", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2000", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2000", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68238", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Microraptorinae", "Microraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "72105", "68238" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68238", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Microraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68238" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/microraptor.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68238", "genus": "Microraptor", "occurrenceId": "535893", "collectionId": "55426", "identifiedName": "Microraptor zhaoianus", "acceptedName": "Microraptor zhaoianus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14909", "collectionReferenceId": "26687", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "3", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Qianyang, Yixian", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Pijiagou Bed = middle of 3rd Member", "geogcomments": "Qiangang is a small village approx. 10 km southwest of the city of Yixian in Liaoning Province." }, { "genusId": "68238", "genus": "Microraptor", "occurrenceId": "536667", "collectionId": "55536", "identifiedName": "Microraptor gui n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Microraptor gui", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14924", "collectionReferenceId": "26670", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Chaoyang", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "3", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Dapingfang", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Yuanjiawa Bed = middle of 3rd Member", "geogcomments": "Dapingfang, Chaoyang County, western Liaoning (30 km southwest of Chaoyang City), different from Shangheshou (but listed as same site in ref 26670" }, { "genusId": "68238", "genus": "Microraptor", "occurrenceId": "537524", "collectionId": "55708", "identifiedName": "Microraptor zhaoianus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Microraptor zhaoianus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14919", "collectionReferenceId": "14919", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Chaoyang", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Xiasanjiazi", "collection_aka": "Microraptor type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "68238", "genus": "Microraptor", "occurrenceId": "739676", "collectionId": "79518", "identifiedName": "Cryptovolans pauli n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Microraptor zhaoianus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33218", "collectionReferenceId": "26671", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Chaoyang", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "2", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Shangheshou", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Shangshegou Bed = top of 2nd Member", "geogcomments": "Shangheshou, near Chaoyang City, Liaoning" }, { "genusId": "68238", "genus": "Microraptor", "occurrenceId": "877685", "collectionId": "79518", "identifiedName": "? Cryptovolans sp.", "acceptedName": "Microraptor", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33219", "collectionReferenceId": "26671", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Chaoyang", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "2", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Shangheshou", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Shangshegou Bed = top of 2nd Member", "geogcomments": "Shangheshou, near Chaoyang City, Liaoning" }, { "genusId": "68238", "genus": "Microraptor", "occurrenceId": "887577", "collectionId": "79941", "identifiedName": "Microraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Microraptor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33952", "collectionReferenceId": "26863", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Chaoyang", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "3", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Yuanjiawa, Dapingfang", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "= Chiufotang Fm. Yuanjiawa Bed = middle of 3rd Member\r\nChang et al. (2009) provide a Ar/Ar date of 122.1 Ma for the base of the Jiufutang. The age of the top of the formation is uncertain. ", "geogcomments": "on a hill near Yuanjiawa village, near Dapingfang, 40 km SW of Chaoyang; Wang et al. 2008 (Zootaxa 1813) note that the Liaoxipterus holotype comes from this locality, although this is not mentioned in the original paper" }, { "genusId": "68238", "genus": "Microraptor", "occurrenceId": "1069459", "collectionId": "132487", "identifiedName": "Microraptor hanqingi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Microraptor hanqingi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42681", "collectionReferenceId": "42681", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Microraptor hanqingi type (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "no details provided" }, { "genusId": "68238", "genus": "Microraptor", "occurrenceId": "1206289", "collectionId": "55708", "identifiedName": "Archaeoraptor liaoningensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Microraptor zhaoianus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51254", "collectionReferenceId": "14919", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Chaoyang", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Xiasanjiazi", "collection_aka": "Microraptor type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "68238", "genus": "Microraptor", "occurrenceId": "1342709", "collectionId": "105772", "identifiedName": "Microraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Microraptor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52405", "collectionReferenceId": "35309", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Jianchang", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lamadong, Jianchang", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"part of, or laterally equivalent to, the Lower Cretaaceous Yixian Formation, but more data are needed to confirm this\" (Hu et al. 2011)\r\n\r\nLi et al. (2014) state that \"Recent fieldwork confirmed the outcrops of fossil beds exposed in Lamadong Village mainly belong to the Jiufotang Formation (X. L. Wang, personal commun.)\".", "geogcomments": "Lamadong town, Jianchang county" }, { "genusId": "68238", "genus": "Microraptor", "occurrenceId": "1452819", "collectionId": "118207", "identifiedName": "Microraptor zhaoianus", "acceptedName": "Microraptor zhaoianus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69429", "collectionReferenceId": "38070", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Jianchang County", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Jianchang", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Microraptorinae", "Microraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Microraptorinae", "genus:68238" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "299732", "146456", "523876", "68238", "96499", "68204", "391290" ], "candidateIds": [ "68238" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "jiufotang", "2" ], "label": "2 Member · Jiufotang Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "739676", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Microraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Changyuraptor", "Graciliraptor", "Jian", "Shanag", "Sinornithosaurus", "Zhongjianosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Microraptor": [ "739676", "877685" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68238" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38532", "name": "Microvenator", "displayName": "Microvenator", "attribution": "Ostrom 1970", "rawAttribution": "Ostrom 1970", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38532", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Microvenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "54544", "38532" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. A blanket verified omnivore label is too strong; preserve potential animal supplementation and genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38532", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Microvenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38532" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38532", "genus": "Microvenator", "occurrenceId": "498881", "collectionId": "47346", "identifiedName": "Microvenator celer n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Microvenator celer", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 33-1, Middle Dome", "collection_aka": "Tenontosaurus type site, AMNH 3040", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "questionable stratigraphic assignment; = Ostrom's Unit VII, fossils from approx. 60 ft below base of Unit VIII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 26, T7N, R16E, Wheatland Co., MT. Middle Dome, 12 miles SE of Harlowton" }, { "genusId": "38532", "genus": "Microvenator", "occurrenceId": "498921", "collectionId": "50498", "identifiedName": "? Microvenator celer", "acceptedName": "Microvenator celer", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-19, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 118", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 0-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 30 yds NW of YPM 63-18" }, { "genusId": "38532", "genus": "Microvenator", "occurrenceId": "533975", "collectionId": "55246", "identifiedName": "Microvenator sp.", "acceptedName": "Microvenator", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14710", "collectionReferenceId": "14710", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MOR CL-121, Bridger", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "east of Bridger, MT - coordinates are a very rough estimate" }, { "genusId": "38532", "genus": "Microvenator", "occurrenceId": "1092872", "collectionId": "137566", "identifiedName": "Microvenator celer", "acceptedName": "Microvenator celer", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 42179, Ostrom's Beach", "collection_aka": "MT WY-04024", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "Ostrom's Beach, Devil's Kitchen quad" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caenagnathidae", "Microvenator" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "clade:Caenagnathidae", "genus:38532" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "candidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "362685", "name": "Mierasaurus", "displayName": "Mierasaurus", "attribution": "Royo-Torres et al. 2017", "rawAttribution": "Royo-Torres et al. 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=362685", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Turiasauria", "Mierasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "91328", "362685" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=362685", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Mierasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=362685" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "362685", "genus": "Mierasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1383087", "collectionId": "97954", "identifiedName": "Mierasaurus bobyoungi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mierasaurus bobyoungi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63702", "collectionReferenceId": "32617", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Doelling's Bowl Bonebed (UMNH VP Loc. 1208)", "collection_aka": "USGS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"The Doelling's Bowl area preserves a particularly thick section of the Yellow Cat Member\" \"\"ankylosaur, iguanodontid, and dromaeosaurid skeletal remains that are all compatible with an Early Cretaceous age\"; below marker calcrete and above the \"chert interval\"\r\n\r\nRecent work indicates that the lower part of the Yellow Cat Member is late Berriasian-Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "Arches National Park near Moab, Utah \"Lower Cedar Mountain Formation on the south rim of Doelling's Bowl\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Turiasauria", "Mierasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Turiasauria", "genus:362685" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "362685", "351930" ], "candidateIds": [ "362685", "351930" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "473499", "name": "Migmanychion", "displayName": "Migmanychion", "attribution": "Wang et al. 2023", "rawAttribution": "Wang et al. 2023", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=473499", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Migmanychion" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "473499" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "This conservative unknown set prevents misleading carnivore certainty; it is not an assertion that herbivory or omnivory is demonstrated. Use another clue unless narrower reviewed anatomical evidence is supplied.; Coelurosauria/Paraves/Maniraptora alone is not a uniform ecological bracket. This task has no attributable genus-specific feeding evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=473499", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Migmanychion", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=473499" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "473499", "genus": "Migmanychion", "occurrenceId": "1626927", "collectionId": "193940", "identifiedName": "Migmanychion laiyang n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Migmanychion laiyang", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84962", "collectionReferenceId": "65857", "cc": "CN", "state": "Inner Mongolia", "county": "", "formation": "Longjiang", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pigeon Hill, near Taipingqiao village", "collection_aka": "Baoshan Township", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Guanghua (= upper part of Longjiang) Formation", "geogcomments": "Pigeon Hill locality, near Taipingqiao village, Baoshan Township, Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Hulunbuir City, Great Khingan Range, Inner Mongolia, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Migmanychion" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "genus:473499" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "473499", "68234" ], "candidateIds": [ "473499", "68234" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "474946", "name": "Minimocursor", "displayName": "Minimocursor", "attribution": "Manitkoon et al. 2023", "rawAttribution": "Manitkoon et al. 2023", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=474946", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Minimocursor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "474946" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=474946", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Minimocursor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=474946" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "474946", "genus": "Minimocursor", "occurrenceId": "1616878", "collectionId": "157421", "identifiedName": "Minimocursor phunoiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Minimocursor phunoiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85349", "collectionReferenceId": "51795", "cc": "TH", "state": "Kalasin", "county": "Kham Muang", "formation": "Phu Kradung", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Noi [Phu Kradung Formation], PNB layer", "collection_aka": "Kalasin Geopark", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Stratigraphically, the locality is in the lower part of the Phu Kradung Formation, which is the oldest formation of the Khorat Group. Three fossiliferous layers are recognized at the Phu Noi locality; the material described in the present work comes from a series of siltstones and mudstones of the palaeochannel, referred to as PNB by Cuny et al. (2013), approximately 10 m above the basal conglomeratic sandstone. Stratigraphically, Phu Noi is approximately 500 m below all the localities that yielded the large Basilochelys turtles (Kham Phok, Dan Luang, Huai Sai and Dan Kaeng; Tong et al. 2009a); the four sites mentioned above are situated closer to the boundary with the overlying Phra Wihan Formation (Cuny et al. 2013). The age of the Phu Kradung Formation is still debated. The studies on dinosaur remains suggested a Late Jurassic age (Buffetaut, Suteethorn & Tong, 2006; Buffetaut & Suteethorn, 2007), while the recent studies on palynology supported a basal Cretaceous age for that formation, although a latest Jurassic age cannot be ruled out for its lowermost part (Racey & Goodall, 2009).", "geogcomments": "The Phu Noi locality is located on the flank of a small hill near the village (Ban) Dinji [Ban Din Chi], Kham Muang District, Kalasin Province. Within the Kalasin Geopark." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Minimocursor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "genus:474946" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "474946", "519526", "424322", "53226", "52891" ], "candidateIds": [ "474946" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "TH", "phu kradung" ], "label": "Phu Kradung Formation · TH", "occurrenceId": "1616878", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Minimocursor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agilisaurus", "Hexinlusaurus", "Pulaosaurus", "Sanxiasaurus", "Xiaosaurus", "Yandusaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Minimocursor": [ "1616878" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "474946" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "148132", "name": "Minotaurasaurus", "displayName": "Minotaurasaurus", "attribution": "Miles and Miles 2009", "rawAttribution": "Miles and Miles 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=148132", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Minotaurasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52798", "148132" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "No province, county or member is added without a specimen-linked primary statement. Holotype formation and place remain unknown; possible Chinese origin is not eliminated. IGM 100/3695 renumbering was encountered only in secondary sources and is not adopted. A positive footprint is not an exhaustive distribution.", "references": [ { "title": "The cranial morphology and taxonomic status of Tarchia (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia", "authors": "Paul Penkalski and Tatiana Tumanova", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cretres.2016.10.004", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667116302646", "access": "Original abstract and original article excerpt reproduced on ResearchGate citation page; publisher full text failed. Excerpt independently reread, not inferred from secondary summaries.", "excerptAccessUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309120039_New_Minotaurasaurus_material_from_the_Djodokta_Formation_establishes_new_taxonomic_and_stratigraphic_criteria_for_the_taxon", "webRefs": [ "turn646view1", "turn662view0" ], "finding": "MAE 98 179 from Djadokhta Formation at Ukhaa Tolgod is referred to Minotaurasaurus; the holotype is distinguished from Tarchia kielanae." }, { "title": "Cranial osteology and ontogenetic variation of the Late Cretaceous ankylosaurid dinosaur Pinacosaurus grangeri", "authors": "Ziheng Zhu, Xi Yao, Wenjie Zheng and Xing Xu", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag060", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/207/2/zlag060/8698919", "access": "Publisher abstract and original full article text deposited on ResearchGate, targeted discussion reread. Published 1 June 2026.", "textAccessUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/405624772_Cranial_osteology_and_ontogenetic_variation_of_the_Late_Cretaceous_ankylosaurid_dinosaur_Pinacosaurus_grangeri", "webRefs": [ "turn666search1", "turn668view0", "turn668view1" ], "finding": "Discussion explicitly supports Minotaurasaurus as a valid genus on diagnostic differences, citing Penkalski and Tumanova 2017. This is a validity cross-check, not an additional locality assertion." } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "No province, county or member is added without a specimen-linked primary statement. Holotype formation and place remain unknown; possible Chinese origin is not eliminated. IGM 100/3695 renumbering was encountered only in secondary sources and is not adopted. A positive footprint is not an exhaustive distribution.", "references": [ { "title": "The cranial morphology and taxonomic status of Tarchia (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia", "authors": "Paul Penkalski and Tatiana Tumanova", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cretres.2016.10.004", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667116302646", "access": "Original abstract and original article excerpt reproduced on ResearchGate citation page; publisher full text failed. Excerpt independently reread, not inferred from secondary summaries.", "excerptAccessUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309120039_New_Minotaurasaurus_material_from_the_Djodokta_Formation_establishes_new_taxonomic_and_stratigraphic_criteria_for_the_taxon", "webRefs": [ "turn646view1", "turn662view0" ], "finding": "MAE 98 179 from Djadokhta Formation at Ukhaa Tolgod is referred to Minotaurasaurus; the holotype is distinguished from Tarchia kielanae." }, { "title": "Cranial osteology and ontogenetic variation of the Late Cretaceous ankylosaurid dinosaur Pinacosaurus grangeri", "authors": "Ziheng Zhu, Xi Yao, Wenjie Zheng and Xing Xu", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag060", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/207/2/zlag060/8698919", "access": "Publisher abstract and original full article text deposited on ResearchGate, targeted discussion reread. Published 1 June 2026.", "textAccessUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/405624772_Cranial_osteology_and_ontogenetic_variation_of_the_Late_Cretaceous_ankylosaurid_dinosaur_Pinacosaurus_grangeri", "webRefs": [ "turn666search1", "turn668view0", "turn668view1" ], "finding": "Discussion explicitly supports Minotaurasaurus as a valid genus on diagnostic differences, citing Penkalski and Tumanova 2017. This is a validity cross-check, not an additional locality assertion." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "148132", "genus": "Minotaurasaurus", "literatureId": "minotaurasaurus-mae98179-penkalski2017", "cc": "MN", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ukhaa Tolgod", "qualified": false, "specimens": [ "MAE 98 179" ], "sourceIds": [ "penkalski2017" ], "source": { "title": "Penkalski and Tumanova 2017", "doi": "10.1016/j.cretres.2016.10.004", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667116302646" }, "rationale": "Published positive referral of a specimen with a stated formation and locality; country is Mongolia. This does not establish the type specimen's field provenance.", "confidence": "high for locality; moderate for referral in a historically disputed genus" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Referred fossils have been reported from the Djadokhta Formation of Mongolia. The type skull's exact origin is uncertain.", "references": [ { "title": "The cranial morphology and taxonomic status of Tarchia (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia", "authors": "Paul Penkalski and Tatiana Tumanova", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cretres.2016.10.004", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667116302646", "access": "Original abstract and original article excerpt reproduced on ResearchGate citation page; publisher full text failed. Excerpt independently reread, not inferred from secondary summaries.", "excerptAccessUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309120039_New_Minotaurasaurus_material_from_the_Djodokta_Formation_establishes_new_taxonomic_and_stratigraphic_criteria_for_the_taxon", "webRefs": [ "turn646view1", "turn662view0" ], "finding": "MAE 98 179 from Djadokhta Formation at Ukhaa Tolgod is referred to Minotaurasaurus; the holotype is distinguished from Tarchia kielanae." }, { "title": "Cranial osteology and ontogenetic variation of the Late Cretaceous ankylosaurid dinosaur Pinacosaurus grangeri", "authors": "Ziheng Zhu, Xi Yao, Wenjie Zheng and Xing Xu", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag060", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/207/2/zlag060/8698919", "access": "Publisher abstract and original full article text deposited on ResearchGate, targeted discussion reread. Published 1 June 2026.", "textAccessUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/405624772_Cranial_osteology_and_ontogenetic_variation_of_the_Late_Cretaceous_ankylosaurid_dinosaur_Pinacosaurus_grangeri", "webRefs": [ "turn666search1", "turn668view0", "turn668view1" ], "finding": "Discussion explicitly supports Minotaurasaurus as a valid genus on diagnostic differences, citing Penkalski and Tumanova 2017. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=351930", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Moabosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=351930" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "351930", "genus": "Moabosaurus", "occurrenceId": "284615", "collectionId": "27025", "identifiedName": "Moabosaurus utahensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Moabosaurus utahensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62146", "collectionReferenceId": "25577", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Dalton Wells Quarry, BYU Loc. 7510", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. 42Gr001V, Utahraptor State Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "stacked succession of 4 bonebeds below footprint level, and approx. 2 m above base of member in this area\r\n\r\nDetrital zircons from the quarry and adjacent, lateral equivalents provide a maximum depositional age of 125 Ma, indicating the horizon is no older than early Albian (Eberth et al., 2006), but more recent work indicates that the upper part of the Yellow Cat Member is Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "3.22 km N of Arches National Park boundary, 1.2 km E of Dalton Well, S of US 60 in section 22, T24S, R20E, Grand Co., SE Utah. Now part of Utahraptor State Park" }, { "genusId": "351930", "genus": "Moabosaurus", "occurrenceId": "284616", "collectionId": "27025", "identifiedName": "Moabosaurus utahensis", "acceptedName": "Moabosaurus utahensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62146", "collectionReferenceId": "25577", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Dalton Wells Quarry, BYU Loc. 7510", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. 42Gr001V, Utahraptor State Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "stacked succession of 4 bonebeds below footprint level, and approx. 2 m above base of member in this area\r\n\r\nDetrital zircons from the quarry and adjacent, lateral equivalents provide a maximum depositional age of 125 Ma, indicating the horizon is no older than early Albian (Eberth et al., 2006), but more recent work indicates that the upper part of the Yellow Cat Member is Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "3.22 km N of Arches National Park boundary, 1.2 km E of Dalton Well, S of US 60 in section 22, T24S, R20E, Grand Co., SE Utah. Now part of Utahraptor State Park" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Turiasauria", "Moabosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Turiasauria", "genus:351930" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "362685", "351930" ], "candidateIds": [ "362685", "351930" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64755", "name": "Mochlodon", "displayName": "Mochlodon", "attribution": "Seeley 1881", "rawAttribution": "Seeley 1881", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64755", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Rhabdodontomorpha", "Rhabdodontoidea", "Mochlodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "344230", "509332", "64755" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64755", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Mochlodon", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64755" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64755", "genus": "Mochlodon", "occurrenceId": "486474", "collectionId": "48720", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon suessi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon suessi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12997", "collectionReferenceId": "12805", "cc": "AT", "state": "Niederosterreich", "county": "", "formation": "Grünbach", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Muthmannsdorf", "collection_aka": "Gosau, Neue Welt, Weiner Neustadt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Gosau Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Muthmannsdorf, Grünbach Basin, Neue Welt, in Wiener Neustadt, about 45 km S of Vienna, Austria" }, { "genusId": "64755", "genus": "Mochlodon", "occurrenceId": "872402", "collectionId": "59410", "identifiedName": "Mochlodon suessi", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon suessi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14097", "collectionReferenceId": "53030", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Szentpéterfalva, Hateg Basin", "collection_aka": "Sânpetru, Sînpetru, Sâmpetru, Sîmpetru, Sacel, La Carare, Sinpetru", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ţabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "on the Nopcsa family estate near Sînpetru (Szentpéterfalva), in the southern Carpathian Mtns., near Hunedoara, Hateg Basin" }, { "genusId": "64755", "genus": "Mochlodon", "occurrenceId": "970364", "collectionId": "115075", "identifiedName": "Mochlodon suessi", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon suessi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37235", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Salaj", "county": "", "formation": "Jibou", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Somes Odorhei", "collection_aka": "Someş-Odorhei", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "basal third of formation", "geogcomments": "Somes Odorhei, near borough of Jibou" }, { "genusId": "64755", "genus": "Mochlodon", "occurrenceId": "1074963", "collectionId": "48722", "identifiedName": "Mochlodon vorosi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mochlodon vorosi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43083", "collectionReferenceId": "15353", "cc": "HU", "state": "Veszprém", "county": "", "formation": "Csehbánya", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Iharkút mine, Bakony mountains (Unit 1)", "collection_aka": "Németbánya, Iharkut, SZ-6", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two bone-bearing beds within section, approx. 0.5 m apart", "geogcomments": "NE side of an open-pit bauxite mine, Iharkút,Veszprém County, Bakony Mtns., Transdanubian Range, western Hungary. An open-pit bauxite mine in the location of the former village of Iharkút in the Bakony Mountains, Veszprém county, western Hungary (Rabi et al. 2012). Note that not all of the fossils are from the same spot in the mine, but all are from the same stratigraphic level. Includes all the Unit 1 sites, e.g. SZ-6 (S part of the open pit)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Rhabdodontomorpha", "Rhabdodontoidea", "Mochlodon" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Rhabdodontomorpha", "clade:Rhabdodontoidea", "genus:64755" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "434088", "64755", "381506", "66740" ], "candidateIds": [ "434088", "64755", "381506", "66740" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38708", "name": "Mongolosaurus", "displayName": "Mongolosaurus", "attribution": "Gilmore 1933", "rawAttribution": "Gilmore 1933", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38708", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Mongolosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "38708" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38708", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Mongolosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38708" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38708", "genus": "Mongolosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487437", "collectionId": "48930", "identifiedName": "Mongolosaurus haplodon n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mongolosaurus haplodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12056", "collectionReferenceId": "62839", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "On Gong", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hu Khung Ulan (AMNH quarry 714)", "collection_aka": "Central Asiatic Expedition, AMNH loc. 9035, On Gong Gol, Hukongwulong", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Ong Gol Fm.", "geogcomments": "On Gong Gol (= Ongt Gol) basin, place name = Hukongwulong" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Mongolosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "genus:38708" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "407882", "153876", "84659", "202260", "482171", "440882", "38708" ], "candidateIds": [ "38708" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "on gong" ], "label": "On Gong Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "487437", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Mongolosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abdarainurus", "Baotianmansaurus", "Borealosaurus", "Dongyangosaurus", "Gandititan", "Hamititan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Mongolosaurus": [ "487437" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38708" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "381639", "name": "Mongolostegus", "displayName": "Mongolostegus", "attribution": "Tumanova and Alifanov 2018", "rawAttribution": "Tumanova and Alifanov 2018", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=381639", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Mongolostegus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "38803", "381639" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=381639", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Mongolostegus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=381639" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "381639", "genus": "Mongolostegus", "occurrenceId": "1432585", "collectionId": "32362", "identifiedName": "Mongolostegus exspectabilis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Mongolostegus exspectabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67961", "collectionReferenceId": "33967", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Dzunbain", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chamrin-Us (PIN coll. 3779) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Khamareen Us, Gashunu-Chuduk, Khamryn-Us, Gashun-Khuduk, Gashuuny Khudag", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "60 m thick strata - called Chuchtuksk = Khukhtyk = Dzunbain = Dzunbayn = Zuunbayan Formation", "geogcomments": "Chamrin-Us (= Gashunu-Chuduk), southeastern Gobi, 160 km SE from city of Sain-Chandi, on NW side of Barun-Chadun-Chiar butte" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Mongolostegus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Stegosauridae", "genus:381639" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "381639" ], "candidateIds": [ "381639" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38857", "name": "Monoclonius", "displayName": "Monoclonius", "attribution": "Cope 1876", "rawAttribution": "Cope 1876", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38857", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Centrosaurinae", "Monoclonius" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "53953", "38857" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38857", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Monoclonius", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38857" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "376586", "collectionId": "35518", "identifiedName": "? Monoclonius sp.", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "63664", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "west of Chaco Canyon, Ojo Alamo (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Willow Wash, Kritosaurus navajovius type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Called \"Ojo Alamo Beds\" originally.", "geogcomments": "Ojo Alamo (Indian trading post), in Chaco Cañon, 95 miles NW of Gallup and 20 miles W of old Indian pueblo Bonita (= Putnam). On E edge of badlands to W of canyon, and near Cope's Puerco collections of 1874. Cretaceous beds exposed less than 1 mile S of Ojo Alamo. Supposedly on Willow Wash.\r\n\r\nGilmore (1916c, p. 295) stated in a footnote: \"In a letter to me dated February 26, 1916, Mr. Brown says: 'Thescelus rapiens came from the lower conglomerate just below the old Indian trading store in Ojo Alamo,' or from the Ojo Alamo sandstone. - C.W.G.\" In the current terminology (Baltz, Ash, and Anderson, 1966, p. D3) this would be the Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Shale of Montana age (ibid.)." }, { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "465701", "collectionId": "46122", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius sphenocerus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9274", "collectionReferenceId": "9274", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Blaine", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Cow Island, Missouri River", "collection_aka": "M. sphenocerus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Missouri River near Cow Island" }, { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "465795", "collectionId": "46121", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius crassus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius crassus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15650", "collectionReferenceId": "15650", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Chouteau", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "mouth of Birch Creek", "collection_aka": "Dog Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near base of JRF", "geogcomments": "blulff on N side of Missouri River, across from mouth of Dog Creek, near mouth of Birch Creek" }, { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "591628", "collectionId": "62528", "identifiedName": "? Monoclonius sp.", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "18036", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Amarillo Canyon [USNM]", "collection_aka": "Gilmore locality 18", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "150 ft above base of formation", "geogcomments": "Amarillo Canyon, 10 mi S of the San Juan River, 2.5 mi E of the Chaco River" }, { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "591630", "collectionId": "62530", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius sp.", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15088", "collectionReferenceId": "18036", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "east of Mesa Point (USNM)", "collection_aka": "Gilmore locality 8", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "40 ft below the Wasatch Conglomerate, uppermost part of formation", "geogcomments": "about 4 mi W of Farmington, 0.25 mi E of Mesa Point, 1 mi S of the San Juan River" }, { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "604471", "collectionId": "64398", "identifiedName": "Centrosaurus recurvicornis", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18594", "collectionReferenceId": "18594", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Lost River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"on the Lost River\" in SE Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "604472", "collectionId": "64399", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius lowei", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius crassus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62727", "collectionReferenceId": "18594", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Southeast of Manyberries", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 2, T5, R5, W 4th meridian; about 7 mi SE of Manyberries" }, { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "1259990", "collectionId": "167423", "identifiedName": "? Monoclonius sp.", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2914", "collectionReferenceId": "2914", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Park", "formation": "Cokedale", "member": "", "geological_group": "Livingston", "collection_name": "Cokedale area", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"? Monoclonius sp.\" from a sandstone 710 above base of formation", "geogcomments": "area near Cokedale" }, { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "1379795", "collectionId": "188846", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius sp.", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63399", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "1 mi. below Stapleton's Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"resembles the lower part of the Belly River Series\"", "geogcomments": "sec. 15, T22, R9, W 4th meridian; 1 mi. below Stapleton's Ranch" }, { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "1390597", "collectionId": "70055", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius sp.", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "east fork, Sand Creek (200 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "CPR house, Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "200 ft above river, E fork, Sand Creek, Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville, near C.P.R. house" }, { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "1390599", "collectionId": "52485", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius sp.", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (50 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "USNM 12814", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "R bank Sand Creek, 50 ft above river, near Red Deer River, Little Sandhill Creek basin" }, { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "1390600", "collectionId": "52483", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius sp.", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "left bank, Sand Creek (75 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "R bank Sand Creek, near mouth, 75 ft above river, near Red Deer River, Little Sandhill Creek basin, 12 mi. below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38857", "genus": "Monoclonius", "occurrenceId": "1615095", "collectionId": "228490", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius recurvicornis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Monoclonius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9274", "collectionReferenceId": "17576", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Chouteau", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "mouth of Dog Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "second bed of lignite above lower sandstone bed; probably McLelland Ferry Mbr.", "geogcomments": "blulff on N side of Missouri River, across from mouth of Dog Creek" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Centrosaurinae", "Monoclonius" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Centrosaurinae", "genus:38857" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170568", "340975", "437582", "38857", "418756", "324308", "249798" ], "candidateIds": [ "38857" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "judith river" ], "label": "Judith River Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1615095", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Monoclonius" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Diabloceratops", "Machairoceratops", "Menefeeceratops", "Stellasaurus", "Wendiceratops", "Xenoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Monoclonius": [ "465701", "465795", "1615095" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38857" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66594", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Naashoibitosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66594" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66594", "genus": "Naashoibitosaurus", "occurrenceId": "382139", "collectionId": "36269", "identifiedName": "Naashoibitosaurus ostromi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Naashoibitosaurus ostromi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1965", "collectionReferenceId": "59350", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "head of Willow Wash, SMP loc. 376a", "collection_aka": "NMMNH L-346, P1041", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "lower part of De-na-zin member", "geogcomments": "\"at the heads of Hunter, Willow, Alamo, and De-na-zin washes\" (Willow Wash used for coordinate)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Kritosaurini", "Naashoibitosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "hadrosaur-saurolophine-working-model", "rationale": "Reconcile imported traditional crestless-hadrosaur branches with the chosen basal-Hadrosaurus topology; preserve all finer descendants and apply the Hadrosaurus genus override last. This is a topology choice, not a synonym assertion.", "references": [ { "id": "addendum-madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary article indexed full-text extracts of the Hadrosaurinae, Saurolophinae and Brachylophosaurini entries; direct PMC open CAPTCHA and PeerJ open 403.", "finding": "Hadrosaurinae has Hadrosaurus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "243274", "name": "Nambalia", "displayName": "Nambalia", "attribution": "Novas et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Novas et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243274", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Nambalia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "243274" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Provisional nearest core-sauropodomorph inference. Limited feeding anatomy warrants a qualified broad clue.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Nambalia; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Use a nearer core/late-diverging sauropodomorph bracket, never Sauropodomorpha alone.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "D17", "title": "Sauropodomorph evolution across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary: body size, locomotion, and their influence on morphological disparity", "authors": "Apaldetti et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01120-w", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01120-w", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; ecological transitions and phylogenetic context read", "dietSupport": "Sauropodomorph trophic diversification and shift towards large plant-feeding forms; supports temporal/clade context, not direct diets for each named genus.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view4" ] } ], "confidence": "low", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely plant-based or mixed", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243274", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Nambalia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243274" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "243274", "genus": "Nambalia", "occurrenceId": "1066207", "collectionId": "131835", "identifiedName": "Nambalia roychowdhurii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nambalia roychowdhurii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42497", "collectionReferenceId": "42497", "cc": "IN", "state": "Andhra Pradesh", "county": "", "formation": "Maleri", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Gondwana", "collection_name": "north of Nambal Village (ISIR 273)", "collection_aka": "Pranhita–Godavari Basin", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The upper Maleri Formation overlies the lower Maleri and underlies the lower Dharmaram Formation. The underlying lower Maleri Formation has been correlated on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy with the Scaphonyx-Exaeretodon-Herrerasaurus biozone of the Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina and the Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone of the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil (e.g. Novas et al. 2011. Earth Env. Sci. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. 101:333-349). The relevant part of the Ischigualasto Formation has been dated as late Carnian in age on radioisotopic data (e.g. Martinez et al. 2011. Science 331: 206-210), and the lower Maleri Formation is commonly considered equivalent in age. As a result, the overlying upper Maleri is likely Norian in age. ", "geogcomments": "nort of Nambal village, 79° 27'E, 19° 16'N" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Nambalia" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "genus:243274" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "243274" ], "candidateIds": [ "243274" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "284308", "name": "Nankangia", "displayName": "Nankangia", "attribution": "Lü et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Lü et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=284308", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Oviraptoridae", "Nankangia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "38557", "284308" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:153946" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "153946" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "guangxi" ], "label": "Guangxi · CN", "occurrenceId": "828526", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nanningosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nanningosaurus": [ "828526" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "153946" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "53212", "name": "Nanotyrannus", "displayName": "Nanotyrannus", "attribution": "Bakker et al. 1988", "rawAttribution": "Bakker et al. 1988", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53212", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Eutyrannosauria", "Nanotyrannidae", "Nanotyrannus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "519521", "519520", "53212" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. 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Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. 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K-12", "collection_aka": "Jane site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "approx. 60-70m above the baseof the Hell Creek", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53212", "genus": "Nanotyrannus", "occurrenceId": "692634", "collectionId": "14674", "identifiedName": "cf. Gorgosaurus lancensis", "acceptedName": "Nanotyrannus lancensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2333", "collectionReferenceId": "2333", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chris's Bonebed (CBB)", "collection_aka": "MPM 2256", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "approx 35 m below base of \"Z coal\", high in Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of sec 10, T24N, R43E; along Ft. Peck Reservoir, S of Ft. Peck" }, { "genusId": "53212", "genus": "Nanotyrannus", "occurrenceId": "1588480", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Nanotyrannus lancensis", "acceptedName": "Nanotyrannus lancensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "53212", "genus": "Nanotyrannus", "occurrenceId": "1626823", "collectionId": "230284", "identifiedName": "Nanotyrannus lancensis", "acceptedName": "Nanotyrannus lancensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84885", "collectionReferenceId": "84885", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stair Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Stair Quarry, presumably on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY" }, { "genusId": "53212", "genus": "Nanotyrannus", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-30", "formation": "Hell Creek" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Nanotyrannus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "53212", "rationale": "Retain independent genus, outside Tyrannosauridae per 2025 Nature analysis; family-level Nanotyrannidae unnecessary for gameplay.", "references": [ { "id": "zanno2025", "title": "Nanotyrannus and Tyrannosaurus coexisted at the close of the Cretaceous", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09801-6", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-025-09801-6", "year": 2025, "access": "Publisher full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Nanotyrannus is distinguishable and recovered outside Tyrannosauridae, within Tyrannosauroidea." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "genus:53212" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65079", "38605", "372448", "399346", "53212", "395956", "362111" ], "candidateIds": [ "53212" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "hell creek" ], "label": "Hell Creek Formation · US", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-30", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nanotyrannus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Appalachiosaurus", "Dryptosaurus", "Gualicho", "Moros", "Suskityrannus", "Teihivenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nanotyrannus": [ "528631", "572949", "692634", "1588480" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Nanotyrannus": [ "ceratopsid-overlaps-30" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "53212" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "54831", "name": "Nanshiungosaurus", "displayName": "Nanshiungosaurus", "attribution": "Dong 1979", "rawAttribution": "Dong 1979", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54831", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Therizinosauria", "Therizinosauroidea", "Therizinosauridae", "Nanshiungosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "57429", "67254", "64125", "38552", "54831" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant-dominated feeding is defensible for derived therizinosaurs, with transitions/animal supplementation qualified; apply equally when PBDB inherits only Coelurosauria.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54831", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Nanshiungosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54831" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "54831", "genus": "Nanshiungosaurus", "occurrenceId": "458368", "collectionId": "45168", "identifiedName": "Nanshiungosaurus bohlini n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nanshiungosaurus bohlini", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11760", "collectionReferenceId": "11756", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "", "formation": "Zhonggou", "member": "Lower Red Beds", "geological_group": "Xinminbao", "collection_name": "IVPP 9207-10, Mazongshan", "collection_aka": "Gongpoquan Basin", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "unnamed uppermost part of group; = Xinminpu Group", "geogcomments": "Mazongshan area, Gongpoquan Basin, western Gansu province, China" }, { "genusId": "54831", "genus": "Nanshiungosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560792", "collectionId": "58448", "identifiedName": "Nanshiungosaurus brevispinus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nanshiungosaurus brevispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9256", "collectionReferenceId": "9256", "cc": "CN", "state": "Guangdong", "county": "", "formation": "Yuanpu", "member": "", "geological_group": "Nanxiong", "collection_name": "Dapingcun, IVPP Loc. 74015", "collection_aka": "Nanshiungosaurus type site", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "? correlated with Nanxiong Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dapingcun village, Shuikou commune - NOTE: site placement estimated based on coincident locations of towns of Daping and Shuikou in Guangdong province; NEEDS TO BE REFINED" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Therizinosauria", "Therizinosauroidea", "Therizinosauridae", "Nanshiungosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "therizinosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Therizinosauria is nested in Maniraptora under conventional working topology.", "references": [ { "id": "paralither2022", "title": "New therizinosaurid dinosaur from the marine Osoushinai Formation", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11063-5", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-022-11063-5", "year": 2022, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Erlikosaurus and Segnosaurus are therizinosaurids; several traditionally assigned forms are outside phylogenetic Therizinosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Therizinosauria", "clade:Therizinosauroidea", "clade:Therizinosauridae", "genus:54831" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "54831" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "yuanpu" ], "label": "Yuanpu Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "560792", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nanshiungosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Enigmosaurus", "Erliansaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Neimongosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Segnosaurus", "Suzhousaurus", "Therizinosaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nanshiungosaurus": [ "560792" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54831" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "289801", "name": "Nanuqsaurus", "displayName": "Nanuqsaurus", "attribution": "Fiorillo and Tykoski 2014", "rawAttribution": "Fiorillo and Tykoski 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=289801", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Nanuqsaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "38606", "65352", "289801" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=289801", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Nanuqsaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=289801" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "289801", "genus": "Nanuqsaurus", "occurrenceId": "513142", "collectionId": "51889", "identifiedName": "Nanuqsaurus hoglundi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nanuqsaurus hoglundi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50357", "collectionReferenceId": "13817", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "Kogosukruk Tongue", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry", "collection_aka": "Kikak Creek, Kekak-Tegoseak, KKT", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Radioisotopic dates derived from multiple tuff beds throughout this section of the Prince Creek Formation range from 68Ma to 71Ma, with an average estimate of 69.1+/20.3Ma, placing it in the early Late Maastrichtian. Palynological samples from the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry itself correlate reasonably well with the radioisotopic data, showing an Early Maastrichtian assemblage", "geogcomments": "Along Kikak Creek near where it empties into the Colville River; about 80 km upriver from Liscomb Quarry.\r\nThe Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry is located in the extensive exposures of the Prince Creek Formation along bluffs bordering the Colville River, North Slope Borough, Alaska, USA" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Nanuqsaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "clade:Tyrannosauridae", "clade:Tyrannosaurinae", "genus:289801" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "294659", "289801" ], "candidateIds": [ "294659", "289801" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68242", "name": "Nanyangosaurus", "displayName": "Nanyangosaurus", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2000", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2000", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68242", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Nanyangosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "68242" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68242", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Nanyangosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68242" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68242", "genus": "Nanyangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "537341", "collectionId": "55688", "identifiedName": "Nanyangosaurus zhugeii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nanyangosaurus zhugeii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14921", "collectionReferenceId": "24214", "cc": "CN", "state": "Henan", "county": "Neixiang", "formation": "Majiacun", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Houzhuang village, Xiaguan Basin (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Nanyangosaurus type, Neixiang", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Possibly Albian; also listed as \"lower part of the Xiaguan Formation (equivalent of the Gaogou Fm., Xixia Basin)\" and Sangping Formation", "geogcomments": "0.5 km NE of Houzhuang village, Xiaguan town, Neixiang county, Xiaguan Basin. 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This is a placement proposal, not food evidence, and does not establish its broad diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn663view0", "turn671view4" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "unresolved", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66842", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Nedcolbertia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66842" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66842", "genus": "Nedcolbertia", "occurrenceId": "516810", "collectionId": "52352", "identifiedName": "Nedcolbertia justinhoffmanni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nedcolbertia justinhoffmanni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14083", "collectionReferenceId": "17025", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "CEUM Loc. #42GR 190v", "collection_aka": "42Gr190V, Nedcolbertia Site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "base of upper part of member\r\n\r\nDetrital zircons from the quarry and adjacent, lateral equivalents provide a maximum depositional age of 125 Ma, indicating the horizon is no older than early Albian (Eberth et al., 2006), but more recent work indicates that the upper part of the Yellow Cat Member is Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "1 km ENE of Gaston Quarry, NE of Arches NP" }, { "genusId": "66842", "genus": "Nedcolbertia", "occurrenceId": "534092", "collectionId": "27025", "identifiedName": "Nedcolbertia justinhoffmanni", "acceptedName": "Nedcolbertia justinhoffmanni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14083", "collectionReferenceId": "25577", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Dalton Wells Quarry, BYU Loc. 7510", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. 42Gr001V, Utahraptor State Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "stacked succession of 4 bonebeds below footprint level, and approx. 2 m above base of member in this area\r\n\r\nDetrital zircons from the quarry and adjacent, lateral equivalents provide a maximum depositional age of 125 Ma, indicating the horizon is no older than early Albian (Eberth et al., 2006), but more recent work indicates that the upper part of the Yellow Cat Member is Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "3.22 km N of Arches National Park boundary, 1.2 km E of Dalton Well, S of US 60 in section 22, T24S, R20E, Grand Co., SE Utah. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "95490", "name": "Nemegtomaia", "displayName": "Nemegtomaia", "attribution": "Lü et al. 2005", "rawAttribution": "Lü et al. 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=95490", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Oviraptoridae", "Heyuanninae", "Nemegtomaia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "38557", "427203", "95490" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. 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Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64530", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Neuquenraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64530" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64530", "genus": "Neuquenraptor", "occurrenceId": "482022", "collectionId": "48174", "identifiedName": "Neuquenraptor argentinus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Neuquenraptor argentinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12706", "collectionReferenceId": "14755", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Portezuelo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Neuquenraptor type, Sierra del Portezuelo [MCF]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sierra del Portezuelo, Neuquén province, Argentina" }, { "genusId": "64530", "genus": "Neuquenraptor", "occurrenceId": "1555682", "collectionId": "49415", "identifiedName": "cf. Neuquenraptor argentinus", "acceptedName": "Neuquenraptor argentinus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76387", "collectionReferenceId": "24873", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Portezuelo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Futalognko Quarry, Costa Dinosaurio [MUCP]", "collection_aka": "Proyecto Dino, Lago Barreales, CePaLB", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "single 0.5-m thick bed\r\n\r\n\"The deposits belong either the upper part of the Portezuelo Formation or the middle portion of the Sierra Barrosa Formation, which are Upper Turonian to Lower Coniacian in age\" (Kellner et al. 2023)", "geogcomments": "90-95 km NW of Neuquén, N coast of Lago Barreales" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Unenlagiinae", "Neuquenraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Unenlagiinae", "genus:64530" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "138547", "68201", "492469", "64530", "65421", "444041" ], "candidateIds": [ "64530", "65421" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "portezuelo" ], "label": "Portezuelo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "482022", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Neuquenraptor", "Unenlagia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroraptor", "Buitreraptor", "Diuqin", "Ypupiara" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Neuquenraptor": [ "482022", "1555682" ], "Unenlagia": [ "489973", "534263" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "64530", "65421" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64317", "name": "Neuquensaurus", "displayName": "Neuquensaurus", "attribution": "Powell 1992", "rawAttribution": "Powell 1992", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64317", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Saltasauroidea", "Lohuecosauria", "Saltasauridae", "Saltasaurinae", "Saltasaurini", "Neuquensaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "71974", "455537", "498066", "64335", "58925", "304099", "64317" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64317", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Neuquensaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64317" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "508084", "collectionId": "51569", "identifiedName": "Microcoelus patagonicus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36798", "collectionReferenceId": "36798", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Bajo de la Carpa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Sierra Roca, Río Neuquen", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "formation assignment questionable, may be Anacleto Fm.; Río Colorado Subgroup", "geogcomments": "\"Sierra Roca\", above R bank of Río Neuquén shortly before its confluence with the Río Limay, between 2 and 4 km before the railway bridge that crosses this river, very close to Neuquén city." }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "508085", "collectionId": "51569", "identifiedName": "Titanosaurus australis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus australis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36798", "collectionReferenceId": "36798", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Bajo de la Carpa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Sierra Roca, Río Neuquen", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "formation assignment questionable, may be Anacleto Fm.; Río Colorado Subgroup", "geogcomments": "\"Sierra Roca\", above R bank of Río Neuquén shortly before its confluence with the Río Limay, between 2 and 4 km before the railway bridge that crosses this river, very close to Neuquén city." }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "508092", "collectionId": "51573", "identifiedName": "Titanosaurus australis", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus australis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59060", "collectionReferenceId": "42572", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "General Roca", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Cinco Saltos, Angostura Colorada", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Gallina and Otero (2015) argue that the type specimen of Laplatasaurus araukanicus comes from top of the Anacleto Formation, which corresponds to the dinosaur-bearing \"bed d\" of Wichmann (1922)", "geogcomments": "Some distance from the L bank of the canal passing W of city of Cinco Saltos, located 3 km W of the city, next to the INDUPA (Patagonic Industries) quarry [Note that in images these locations appear to be east of the city, MTC]" }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "508141", "collectionId": "51579", "identifiedName": "Neuquensaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13712", "collectionReferenceId": "13712", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Medanitos, Catriel (MCPA)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Río Colorado Subgroup", "geogcomments": "15 km S of Catriel along Rte 151" }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "508151", "collectionId": "51581", "identifiedName": "Neuquensaurus robustus", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42572", "collectionReferenceId": "59060", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "El Cuy", "formation": "Bajo de la Carpa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Ranche de Avila (MLP)", "collection_aka": "Rancho de Ávila, Rancho de Avila", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a level 30 m below top of canyon", "geogcomments": "Ranche de Avila, accessed by Rte 241 connecting Neuquén with El Cuy, 80 km from the former. On N edge of highest plateau, which is between Jagüelitos and Cerro Policia, 8 km from the latter." }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "513591", "collectionId": "52021", "identifiedName": "Titanosaurus robustus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59060", "collectionReferenceId": "59060", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "General Roca", "formation": "Allen", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Malargüe", "collection_name": "along railway, Cinco Saltos", "collection_aka": "Cinco Saltos locality", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower member of formation", "geogcomments": "On railway line N of Cipolletti, in valley of Río Neuquén, \"2 km N of the railway on the Río Neuquén, close to Neuqúen, on the right side of the river\" (Huene 1929, 55)." }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "537766", "collectionId": "55740", "identifiedName": "Neuquensaurus australis", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus australis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85645", "collectionReferenceId": "85645", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Neuquensaurus site, Cinco Saltos", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Río Colorado Subgroup", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "565611", "collectionId": "59147", "identifiedName": "Titanosaurus australis", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus australis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16890", "collectionReferenceId": "16890", "cc": "UY", "state": "Soriano", "county": "", "formation": "Asencio", "member": "Del Palacio", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bermúdez, Drable-Palmitas", "collection_aka": "Arroyo La Lancha, Arroyo Maciel, Corralito, Mones Loc. 20, Drabble, La Laucha\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"upper Senonian\"", "geogcomments": "SE of Palmitas railway station, 10 km from Drable railway station, 80 km from Mercedes & 220 km from Montevideo. Between upper run of the Arroyo Maciel and its northern tributary, Arroyo La Lancha, in open fields. 10 km W of José E. Rodó. Powell (2003): near village of Bermúdez, among arroyos La Lancha and Maceil, 35 km from Palmitas station. On lands of José Gallo. Mones (1997): includes arroyo Corralito" }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "601604", "collectionId": "63925", "identifiedName": "Titanosaurus cf. australis", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus australis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "95650", "collectionReferenceId": "54666", "cc": "BR", "state": "São Paulo", "county": "", "formation": "Adamantina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Bauru", "collection_name": "Collina Station, Barretos", "collection_aka": "Colina", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally from a well, then further excavated", "geogcomments": "6 km (2.5 leagues) W of Collina station, SW of Barretos. From a well that led to a larger excavation." }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "602406", "collectionId": "64087", "identifiedName": "? Loricosaurus scutatus", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus australis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18505", "collectionReferenceId": "18505", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "?", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Arroyo Yaminhué", "collection_aka": "Yaminué", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Upper Senonian\"", "geogcomments": "northern Rio Negro, along Arroyo Yaminué, found during Argentinean Geological Land Survey" }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "1327777", "collectionId": "51573", "identifiedName": "Loricosaurus scutatus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus australis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59060", "collectionReferenceId": "42572", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "General Roca", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Cinco Saltos, Angostura Colorada", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Gallina and Otero (2015) argue that the type specimen of Laplatasaurus araukanicus comes from top of the Anacleto Formation, which corresponds to the dinosaur-bearing \"bed d\" of Wichmann (1922)", "geogcomments": "Some distance from the L bank of the canal passing W of city of Cinco Saltos, located 3 km W of the city, next to the INDUPA (Patagonic Industries) quarry [Note that in images these locations appear to be east of the city, MTC]" }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "1327778", "collectionId": "51581", "identifiedName": "aff. Loricosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59060", "collectionReferenceId": "59060", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "El Cuy", "formation": "Bajo de la Carpa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Ranche de Avila (MLP)", "collection_aka": "Rancho de Ávila, Rancho de Avila", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a level 30 m below top of canyon", "geogcomments": "Ranche de Avila, accessed by Rte 241 connecting Neuquén with El Cuy, 80 km from the former. On N edge of highest plateau, which is between Jagüelitos and Cerro Policia, 8 km from the latter." }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "1434068", "collectionId": "55740", "identifiedName": "Neuquensaurus robustus", "acceptedName": "Neuquensaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42572", "collectionReferenceId": "85645", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Neuquensaurus site, Cinco Saltos", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Río Colorado Subgroup", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "64317", "genus": "Neuquensaurus", "occurrenceId": "1434069", "collectionId": "55740", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "472262", "name": "Nevadadromeus", "displayName": "Nevadadromeus", "attribution": "Bonde et al. 2022", "rawAttribution": "Bonde et al. 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=472262", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Orodrominae", "Nevadadromeus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "64386", "267487", "472262" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=472262", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Nevadadromeus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=472262" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "472262", "genus": "Nevadadromeus", "occurrenceId": "1572012", "collectionId": "181585", "identifiedName": "Nevadadromeus schmitti n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nevadadromeus schmitti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84808", "collectionReferenceId": "60389", "cc": "US", "state": "Nevada", "county": "Clark", "formation": "Willow Tank", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Valley of Fire State Park (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"upper mudrock member\"; \"very base of the upper member\"\r\nSee Fleck 1970; Troyer et al. 2006; Pape et al. 2011; Wells 2016", "geogcomments": "9 localities within Valley of Fire State Park (bonebed listed separately)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Orodrominae", "Nevadadromeus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Thescelosauridae", "clade:Orodrominae", "genus:472262" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "candidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "391215", "name": "Ngwevu", "displayName": "Ngwevu", "attribution": "Chapelle et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Chapelle et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=391215", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Ngwevu" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "56621", "391215" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Quantitative tooth form/function supports plant-dominated feeding; no fossil meal claimed.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Massospondylidae › Ngwevu; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": null, "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=391215", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ngwevu", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=391215" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "391215", "genus": "Ngwevu", "occurrenceId": "487122", "collectionId": "48826", "identifiedName": "Ngwevu intloko n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ngwevu intloko", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69682", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Free State", "county": "Bethlehem", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Farm Tevrede (1077) (Upper Elliot)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Uppermost upper Elliot Formation", "geogcomments": "Tevrede (1077) Farm, Fouriesberg District, Free State Province, South Africa" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Ngwevu" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Massospondylidae", "genus:391215" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172910", "38642", "391215" ], "candidateIds": [ "172910", "38642", "391215" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "391702", "name": "Nhandumirim", "displayName": "Nhandumirim", "attribution": "Marsola et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Marsola et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=391702", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Nhandumirim" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "391702" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Diet inferred from alternative early saurischian relatives; known postcranial material does not establish feeding. Use a broad animal/mixed clue or offer another clue.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Nhandumirim; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Basal placement alone permits animal-based or mixed diets; this uncertainty set is a fairness allowance, not evidence the genus actually ate both.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D2", "title": "Skull remains of the dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil): With comments on the early evolution of sauropodomorph feeding behaviour", "authors": "Bronzati, Müller and Langer", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; cranial description and feeding discussion read", "dietSupport": "Saturnalia retained predatory capability. Early sauropodomorph diets varied; Bagualosaurus shows an earlier shift towards greater plant consumption. Provides craniodental comparisons of multiple later plant-adapted genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn459view0", "turn465view3" ] }, { "id": "I3", "title": "A new dinosaur with theropod affinities from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation, south Brazil", "authors": "Marsola et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2018.1531878", "url": "https://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/52830314/Marsola_et_al._Accepted_version.pdf", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "author-institution abstract and publisher metadata read; volume dated 2018, published online 2019", "dietSupport": "Nhandumirim is postcranial; alternative basal saurischian placements require a cautious animal/mixed-feeding bracket rather than certain herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn552search48", "turn552search0" ] } ], "confidence": "low", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Diet uncertain; animal-based or mixed", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=391702", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Nhandumirim", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=391702" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "391702", "genus": "Nhandumirim", "occurrenceId": "1456852", "collectionId": "72087", "identifiedName": "Nhandumirim waldsangae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nhandumirim waldsangae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69707", "collectionReferenceId": "24388", "cc": "BR", "state": "Rio Grande do Sul", "county": "", "formation": "Caturrita", "member": "", "geological_group": "Rosário do Sul", "collection_name": "Wald Sanga (12 m)", "collection_aka": "Huene Sanga 1, Waldsanga", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Locality is from the upper part of the highstand system tract of the Santa Maria Sequence 2, Santa Maria Supersequence of the Rosario do Sul Group, representing the lower part of the Caturrita Formation of Norian age (see Langer et al. 2007; Montefeltro et al. 2010). Fossils are from a stratigraphically higher level than Hyperodapedon from the same locality. ", "geogcomments": "near Santa Maria, between Allemoa and Sao José\r\nCoordinates given by Montefeltro et al. (2010)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Saturnaliidae", "Nhandumirim" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "391702", "rationale": "2024 revised Saturnalia analysis recovers a saturnaliid polytomy including Nhandumirim. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "437523", "name": "Nicksaurus", "displayName": "Nicksaurus", "attribution": "Malkani 2014", "rawAttribution": "Malkani 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=437523", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Saltasauroidea", "Lohuecosauria", "Saltasauridae", "Nicksaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "71974", "455537", "498066", "64335", "437523" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=437523", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Nicksaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=437523" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "437523", "genus": "Nicksaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559899", "collectionId": "220156", "identifiedName": "Nicksaurus razashahi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nicksaurus razashahi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76851", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-4n (northern)", "collection_aka": "PDL-4n, Vitakri, North Kinwa", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... 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Independent diagnosability and specimen associations remain insufficiently verified for hidden answers.", "references": [ { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Formal Description of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Biotas Found from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.net/journal/paperinformation?paperid=112161", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.119023", "access": "Primary full text/PDF read; newly formalized Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Nicksaurus and Maojandino with diagnoses and designated material.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Jurassic-Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene transitions and Mesozoic vertebrates from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2021080414130257.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.118016", "access": "Primary paper indexed description accessed; full August diagnoses not independently read in this bounded sweep.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2023, "title": "Geology and Mineral Deposits of Saraikistan (South Punjab, Koh Sulaiman Range) of Pakistan: A Tabular Review of Recently Discovered Biotas from Pakistan and Paleobiogeographic Link: Phylogeny and Hypodigm of Poripuchian Titanosaurs from Indo-Pakistan", "url": "https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2023083015073764.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2023.138040", "access": "Primary PDF read at nomenclatural tables and systematic discussion; distinguishes informal and later formal descriptions.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Hans-Volker Karl, Amtyaz Safi and Gottfried Tichy", "year": 2025, "title": "A review of the fossil records of dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous from present-day Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scientific-reports.com/index.php/srls/article/download/191/181/713", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.16895340", "access": "Primary review full PDF read. Repeats taxa and source dates, but does not independently rediagnose overlapping Pakistani types.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ] } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Saltasauroidea", "Lohuecosauria", "Saltasauridae", "Nicksaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "clade:Saltasauroidea", "clade:Lohuecosauria", "clade:Saltasauridae", "genus:437523" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "427781", "name": "Niebla", "displayName": "Niebla", "attribution": "Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2021", "rawAttribution": "Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2021", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=427781", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Furileusauria", "Abelisaurinae", "Niebla" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "138556", "336873", "67926", "427781" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=427781", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Niebla", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=427781" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "427781", "genus": "Niebla", "occurrenceId": "1587070", "collectionId": "222575", "identifiedName": "Niebla antiqua n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Niebla antiqua", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74109", "collectionReferenceId": "74109", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Allen", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Malargüe", "collection_name": "Niebla type locality, Arriagada Farm", "collection_aka": "Salitral Ojo de Agua, Matadero Hill", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Cerro Matadero site (67°23'22.13\"W, 39°30'27.08\"S), located within the Arriagada Farm, at 70 km south from General Roca city, Río Negro province, Argentina. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "57366", "name": "Nigersaurus", "displayName": "Nigersaurus", "attribution": "Sereno et al. 1999", "rawAttribution": "Sereno et al. 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57366", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Rebbachisauridae", "Khebbashia", "Rebbachisaurinae", "Nigersaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57365", "322720", "322714", "57366" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57366", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Nigersaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57366" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "57366", "genus": "Nigersaurus", "occurrenceId": "567908", "collectionId": "59640", "identifiedName": "Nigersaurus taqueti n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nigersaurus taqueti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10484", "collectionReferenceId": "10484", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "Elrhaz", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "Nigersaurus type, Gadoufaoua, \"niveau des innocents\"", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"niveau des innocents\"", "geogcomments": "described as \"niveau des innocents\" locality (but other papers use this term for a stratum); Gadoufaoua, E edge of Ténéré Desert" }, { "genusId": "57366", "genus": "Nigersaurus", "occurrenceId": "1438016", "collectionId": "28569", "identifiedName": "Nigersaurus taqueti", "acceptedName": "Nigersaurus taqueti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85593", "collectionReferenceId": "68572", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "Elrhaz", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "Camp des deux arbres, Gadoufaoua", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "GAD 5 is in the upper part of the Elrhaz Formation, slightly higher than the Niveau des Innocents site", "geogcomments": "\"Camp des deux arbres\", 7 km SE of Elrhaz, Gadoufaoua locality, Niger." }, { "genusId": "57366", "genus": "Nigersaurus", "occurrenceId": "1438027", "collectionId": "37200", "identifiedName": "Nigersaurus taqueti", "acceptedName": "Nigersaurus taqueti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85593", "collectionReferenceId": "68572", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "Elrhaz", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "Niveau des Innocents, Gadoufaoua", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"niveau des innocents\" within the El Rhaz Formation", "geogcomments": "Gadoufaoua, east of Emechedoui wells" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Rebbachisauridae", "Khebbashia", "Rebbachisaurinae", "Nigersaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Rebbachisauridae", "clade:Khebbashia", "clade:Rebbachisaurinae", "genus:57366" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57366", "38679", "273396" ], "candidateIds": [ "57366", "38679", "273396" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "261035", "name": "Ningyuansaurus", "displayName": "Ningyuansaurus", "attribution": "Ji et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Ji et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=261035", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Ningyuansaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "261035" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. A blanket verified omnivore label is too strong; preserve potential animal supplementation and genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68007", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Nodocephalosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68007" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68007", "genus": "Nodocephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "529518", "collectionId": "54104", "identifiedName": "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14623", "collectionReferenceId": "14623", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 319", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "west of Willow Wash, SE 1/4, NE 1/4, NE 1/4 of sec. 3, T24N, R13W, (Alamo Mesa East Quadrangle). South of the northern boundary of Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness Area. Also a few hundred meters W of Parasaurolophus site." }, { "genusId": "68007", "genus": "Nodocephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "715809", "collectionId": "76107", "identifiedName": "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis", "acceptedName": "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25980", "collectionReferenceId": "25803", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south-central Willow Wash, SMP Loc. 361", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Kirtlandian\"", "geogcomments": "south-central Willow Wash" }, { "genusId": "68007", "genus": "Nodocephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "715810", "collectionId": "76761", "identifiedName": "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis", "acceptedName": "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25980", "collectionReferenceId": "25980", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 309", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "general location only" }, { "genusId": "68007", "genus": "Nodocephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "715811", "collectionId": "76762", "identifiedName": "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis", "acceptedName": "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25980", "collectionReferenceId": "25980", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "northwest Willow Wash, SMP Loc. 358", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Kirtlandian\"", "geogcomments": "NW Willow Wash" }, { "genusId": "68007", "genus": "Nodocephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "715812", "collectionId": "76763", "identifiedName": "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis", "acceptedName": "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25980", "collectionReferenceId": "25980", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 382", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Kirtlandian\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "68007", "genus": "Nodocephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1410208", "collectionId": "194876", "identifiedName": "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis", "acceptedName": "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66248", "collectionReferenceId": "66248", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Hunter Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "east branch, Hunter Wash, SMP Loc. 404", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Location based on local fauna; E branch of Hunter Wash" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Nodocephalosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "clade:Ankylosaurinae", "genus:68007" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "candidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38823", "name": "Nodosaurus", "displayName": "Nodosaurus", "attribution": "Marsh 1889", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1889", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38823", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Nodosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "38823" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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W slope of Como Bluff, about 1.5 mi SE of Quarry 13, on E slope of Como anticline" }, { "genusId": "38823", "genus": "Nodosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1626813", "collectionId": "26760", "identifiedName": "Nodosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Nodosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84885", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Grave bonebed, Hanson Ranch", "collection_aka": "Edmontosaurus bonebed, Dragons' Grave, Roxson, HR", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY. Includes five quarries from the same bonebed: North (N), South (S), Southeast (SE), West (W), and Teague (T) plus three exploratory quarries to determine extent: Toe, Neufeld (Neu), and DKC." }, { "genusId": "38823", "genus": "Nodosaurus", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "nodosauridae-1", "formation": "Frontier" }, { "genusId": "38823", "genus": "Nodosaurus", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "nodosauridae-2", "member": "Belle Fourche", "formation": "Frontier" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Nodosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:38823" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "38823", "63885" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "frontier", "wyoming" ], "label": "Frontier Formation · Wyoming · US", "occurrenceId": "297018", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nodosaurus", "Stegopelta" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nodosaurus": [ "297018" ], "Stegopelta": [ "292842" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38823", "63885" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "140520", "name": "Nopcsaspondylus", "displayName": "Nopcsaspondylus", "attribution": "Apesteguía 2007", "rawAttribution": "Apesteguía 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=140520", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Rebbachisauridae", "Khebbashia", "Nopcsaspondylus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57365", "322720", "140520" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "400667", "name": "Nullotitan", "displayName": "Nullotitan", "attribution": "Novas et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Novas et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=400667", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Nullotitan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "71974", "400667" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=400667", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Nullotitan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=400667" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "400667", "genus": "Nullotitan", "occurrenceId": "508508", "collectionId": "51623", "identifiedName": "Nullotitan glaciaris n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nullotitan glaciaris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71193", "collectionReferenceId": "13712", "cc": "AR", "state": "Santa Cruz", "county": "Lago Argentino", "formation": "Chorrillo", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Anita (Nullo site)", "collection_aka": "Estancia \"Anita\" locality 1, Río Leona (MACN)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower third of the Chorrillo Formation. The age of this locality has been revised in Moyano-Paz et al., 2022. The Chorrillo Formation in Argentina is correlated to the nearby and coeval Dorotea Formation in Chile.", "geogcomments": "Nullo site (locality 1)" }, { "genusId": "400667", "genus": "Nullotitan", "occurrenceId": "1487118", "collectionId": "206967", "identifiedName": "Nullotitan glaciaris", "acceptedName": "Nullotitan glaciaris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71193", "collectionReferenceId": "71193", "cc": "AR", "state": "Santa Cruz", "county": "Lago Argentino", "formation": "Chorrillo", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Anita (Titanosaur tibia site)", "collection_aka": "Estancia \"Anita\" locality 2, KOOKNE GPS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower third of the Chorrillo Formation. The age of this locality has been revised in Moyano-Paz et al., 2022. The Chorrillo Formation in Argentina is correlated to the nearby and coeval Dorotea Formation in Chile.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "400667", "genus": "Nullotitan", "occurrenceId": "1487124", "collectionId": "206970", "identifiedName": "Nullotitan glaciaris", "acceptedName": "Nullotitan glaciaris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71193", "collectionReferenceId": "71193", "cc": "AR", "state": "Santa Cruz", "county": "Lago Argentino", "formation": "Chorrillo", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Anita (Ornithopod site)", "collection_aka": "Estancia \"Anita\" locality 5, Sitio Isasi 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper third of the Chorrillo Formation, roughly 20 meters below the beds with marine molluscs (interpreted as the base of the Calafate Formation). The age of this locality has been revised in Moyano-Paz et al. 2022. The Chorrillo Formation in Argentina is correlated to the nearby and coeval Dorotea Formation in Chile", "geogcomments": "DUPLICATE of Isasicursor Site I 227005 in Moyano-Paz et al 2022, I have unified the occurrences" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Nullotitan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "genus:400667" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "433884", "180311", "480843", "233928", "57466", "384013", "400667", "66268" ], "candidateIds": [ "400667" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "chorrillo" ], "label": "Chorrillo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1487124", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nullotitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Antarctosaurus", "Arackar", "Atacamatitan", "Bustingorrytitan", "Elaltitan", "Epachthosaurus", "Kaijutitan", "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nullotitan": [ "508508", "1487118", "1487124" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "400667" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66532", "name": "Nuthetes", "displayName": "Nuthetes", "attribution": "Owen 1854", "rawAttribution": "Owen 1854", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66532", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Nuthetes" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "66532" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66532", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Nuthetes", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66532" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66532", "genus": "Nuthetes", "occurrenceId": "301076", "collectionId": "28401", "identifiedName": "cf. Nuthetes destructor", "acceptedName": "Nuthetes destructor", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8336", "collectionReferenceId": "8336", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Lulworth", "member": "Worbarrow Tout", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Sunnydown Farm Quarry (clay: upper horizon; equivalent to DB 102/103 )", "collection_aka": "Langton Matravers", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Uppermost Lulworth Beds of Casey 1963, lying just below the Cinder Member, the base of which currently marks the Jr/K boundary in Southern England. Section originally published by Ensom 1985. Correlated with horizon DB102 in Durlston Bay.\r\nEnsom & Sigogneau-Russell (1998, p. 35): The upper horizon lies at the junction of a clay, locally termed the 'Sly', which immediately underlies the 'Cap' bed, 2.6 m below the base of the Cinder Member. This clay-limestone interface can be equated confidently with beds DB 102/103 in Durlston Bay (CLements 1993).\r\nCherty Freshwater Mbr now = top of Worbarrow Tout Mbr.", "geogcomments": "Sunnydown Farm Quarry, near Langton Matravers (SY 9822 7880)" }, { "genusId": "66532", "genus": "Nuthetes", "occurrenceId": "301109", "collectionId": "28995", "identifiedName": "cf. Nuthetes destructor", "acceptedName": "Nuthetes destructor", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8338", "collectionReferenceId": "8338", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Lulworth", "member": "Worbarrow Tout", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Sunnydown Farm Quarry (lower clay)", "collection_aka": "Langton Matravers", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Originally reported as Tithonian, 1 m approx. below layer containing multituberculates (Sunnydown Farm Quarry, clay). Sigogneau-Russel and Ensom, 1998 consider it to be Early Cretaceous, and elevate the Purebeck Limestone to a group, and the Lulworth to a Formation. Formation now considered Berriasian (MTC). Correlated to DB 98-100.\r\nCherty Freshwater Mbr now = top of Worbarrow Tour Mbr.", "geogcomments": "Sunnydown Farm Quarry, near Langton Matravers (SY 9822 7880)" }, { "genusId": "66532", "genus": "Nuthetes", "occurrenceId": "516330", "collectionId": "52254", "identifiedName": "Nuthetes destructor n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Nuthetes destructor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14060", "collectionReferenceId": "14060", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Lulworth", "member": "Worbarrow Tout", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Feather Quarry, Durlston Bay (DB102)", "collection_aka": "Durdlestone Bay", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "bed number K93 (also listed as J. 81-84) after Austen (1852); from the Feather Bed Marl level (DB102), not the Feather Bed; also called the \"Middle Purbecks\". Some dispute as to exact bed within the sequence, but Berriasian age is correct.\r\nCherty Freshwater Mbr = top of Worbarrow Tour Mrb.", "geogcomments": "Durdlestone (Durlston) Bay, Swanage; exact site of quarry no longer known" }, { "genusId": "66532", "genus": "Nuthetes", "occurrenceId": "587976", "collectionId": "61930", "identifiedName": "Nuthetes sp.", "acceptedName": "Nuthetes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17901", "collectionReferenceId": "25997", "cc": "FR", "state": "Poitou-Charentes", "county": "Charente", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cherves-de-Cognac, levels 32–37", "collection_aka": "Champblanc Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "in the \"High Fossiliferous Zone\" (HFZ) = levels 32-37", "geogcomments": "Champblanc gypsum quarry, W of village of Cherves-de-Cognac, N margin of Aquitanian Basin, SW France" }, { "genusId": "66532", "genus": "Nuthetes", "occurrenceId": "668722", "collectionId": "72142", "identifiedName": "Nuthetes destructor", "acceptedName": "Nuthetes destructor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24418", "collectionReferenceId": "38668", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Lulworth", "member": "Worbarrow Tout", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Mammal Bed, Durlston Bay (DB83)", "collection_aka": "Durdlestone Bay", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Marly Freshwater Mbr. now = top of Worbarrow Tout Mbr.", "geogcomments": "Durdlestone (Durlston) Bay, Swanage" }, { "genusId": "66532", "genus": "Nuthetes", "occurrenceId": "1149499", "collectionId": "77058", "identifiedName": "Nuthetes sp.", "acceptedName": "Nuthetes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47413", "collectionReferenceId": "47413", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Wiltshire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Town Gardens Quarry, Swindon", "collection_aka": "Great Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "upper Purbeck \"pebbly beds\", although orig. reference suggests Middle Purbecks, also called the \"Dirt-Bed\"", "geogcomments": "Town Gardens (= Great) Quarry, on SW side of Swindon" }, { "genusId": "66532", "genus": "Nuthetes", "occurrenceId": "1604605", "collectionId": "142093", "identifiedName": "cf. Nuthetes sp.", "acceptedName": "Nuthetes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82353", "collectionReferenceId": "46154", "cc": "FR", "state": "Poitou-Charentes", "county": "Charente", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Angeac-Charente", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Gardonian\". Original stratigraphy used layers An1 to An5, top to bottom: An 1 (fine sand), An 2 (calcareous), An 3 (calcareous conglomerate), An 4 (lignitic clay), and An 5 (green clay). These were redefined in 2020 with a new system, bottom to top, so that: An 5 = Unit 1; An 4 is split into Unit 2 (sandy clay) and Unit 3 (lignitic clay with lenses); An 2 + An 3 = Unit 4. An 5 is no longer present. The bonebed represents units 2, 3, and 4.\r\nFrom Allain et al. 2022: The recently proposed earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian) age of the Angeac-Charente locality, based on both charophytes and palynomorphs (Benoit et al. 2017; Polette et al. 2018), is here confirmed by the vertebrate fauna.", "geogcomments": "700 m N of village of Angeac-Charente, between Cognac and Angoulême" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Nuthetes" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "genus:66532" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170642", "92201", "66532", "65133", "58873", "65135" ], "candidateIds": [ "66532" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UK", "lulworth" ], "label": "Lulworth Formation · UK", "occurrenceId": "668722", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nuthetes" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Balaur", "Dromaeosauroides", "Pyroraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Variraptor" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nuthetes": [ "301076", "301109", "516330", "668722" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66532" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "153274", "name": "Nyasasaurus", "displayName": "Nyasasaurus", "attribution": "Charig 1967", "rawAttribution": "Charig 1967", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153274", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Nyasasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "153274" ], "diet": { "values": [], "status": "unresolved", "rationale": "Only postcranial material and unstable basal placement; there is no reliable closer feeding bracket.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Nyasasaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "I2", "title": "The oldest dinosaur? 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Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "72094", "genus": "Olorotitan", "occurrenceId": "396864", "collectionId": "38134", "identifiedName": "Olorotitan arharensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Olorotitan arharensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16832", "collectionReferenceId": "43271", "cc": "RU", "state": "Amur", "county": "Arkharinskii", "formation": "Udurchukan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tsagayan", "collection_name": "Kundur", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Godefroit et al. (2012): \"Udurchukan Formation (Wodehouseia spinata - Aquilapollenites subtilis palynozone), ?Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "Kundur locality, near town of Obluch'e, Arkharinskii district, Amur region, Yevreyskaya Avtonomnyy Oblast, Russia. On the Vladivostok-Moscow highway (Chita-Khabarovsk highway), 10 km SE of Kundur village\r\n\r\nGodefroit et al. (2012): \"Kundur (N 49deg 04' 57.5\"; E 130deg 51' 34.1\"), Amur Region, Far Eastern Russia.\"" }, { "genusId": "72094", "genus": "Olorotitan", "cc": "RU", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-32", "formation": "Udurchukan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Olorotitan" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Lambeosaurinae", "genus:72094" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64250", "38769", "38773", "271587", "38775", "72094", "38778" ], "candidateIds": [ "64250", "72094" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "geological_group", "key": [ "RU", "tsagayan" ], "label": "Tsagayan Group · RU", "occurrenceId": "396864", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Amurosaurus", "Olorotitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aralosaurus", "Jaxartosaurus", "Kazaklambia", "Nipponosaurus", "Tsintaosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Amurosaurus": [ "474063" ], "Olorotitan": [ "396864" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "64250", "72094" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38702", "name": "Omeisaurus", "displayName": "Omeisaurus", "attribution": "Young 1939", "rawAttribution": "Young 1939", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38702", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Omeisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "53026", "38702" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38702", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Omeisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38702" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Li et al. (2011), Dinosaur assemblages from the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao and Chuanjie formations", "url": "https://vjs.pgi.gov.pl/article/download/26567/18275/39914", "access": "full primary review PDF" }, { "title": "Current scientific decision", "url": "mamenchisaurid-evidence-decisions.html#omeisaurus" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "474577", "collectionId": "47071", "identifiedName": "Omeisaurus junghsiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus junghsiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12538", "collectionReferenceId": "15531", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Rongxian", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Hsikuashan, Junghsien", "collection_aka": "Xiguashan, Dongmenwai, Rongxian", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "200 m above Tzeluting (Tzeliuching) Fm.\r\nSeveral radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "Mt. Hsikuashan (Xiguashan), outside E gate of Dongmenwai, near Junghsien (Rongxian), Sichuan; a few yards E of river that runs N-S and E from city of Junghsien", "scientificReviewId": "omeisaurus-type-member" }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "474578", "collectionId": "47072", "identifiedName": "? Omeisaurus junghsiensis", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus junghsiensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12538", "collectionReferenceId": "15531", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Chenchia", "collection_aka": "Chen Chia, Chenxi", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "below Tzeliuching limestone, and therefore below Omeisaurus junghsiensis type site\r\n\r\nWang et al. 2018 suggested an Oxfordian age for the lower beds, rather than Middle Jurassic\r\nSeveral radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "Chenchia (Chen Chia, Chenxi), about 10 li (3.107 mi) NE of Junghsien city (Rongxian), Sichuan" }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "474628", "collectionId": "47076", "identifiedName": "cf. Omeisaurus junghsiensis", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus junghsiensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12540", "collectionReferenceId": "12540", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "locality 47 (8b), Guangyuan", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "top of \"Kuangyuan Series\" = Chongqing Group/Guangyuan Group", "geogcomments": "S suburb of Kuangyuan/Guangyuan city, northern Sichuan, hill slopes of Chentsianyen escarpment" }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "474631", "collectionId": "47077", "identifiedName": "cf. Omeisaurus junghsiensis", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus junghsiensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12540", "collectionReferenceId": "12540", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "locality 48 (2), Chialingchiang", "collection_aka": "Guangyuan, Kwangyuan, Kuangyuan", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "basal part of \"Kuangyuan Series\" = Guangyuan Group (now equivalent to Chungking/Chongqing Group)", "geogcomments": "right bank of Chialingchiang, about 10 km N of Kuangyuan city" }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "522064", "collectionId": "53665", "identifiedName": "Omeisaurus luoquanensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus luoquanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28519", "collectionReferenceId": "28519", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zizhong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Luoquan village", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from 2 beds, 5 m apart (IVPP V21502 from higher level)", "geogcomments": "Luoquan village, Zizhong county (coordinates for city of Zizhong)" }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "522077", "collectionId": "53671", "identifiedName": "Omeisaurus junghsiensis", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus junghsiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14475", "collectionReferenceId": "14475", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chungchai sauropod site", "collection_aka": "Zhongzhai", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Chungchai, Kangsien, Gansu" }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "557581", "collectionId": "57771", "identifiedName": "Omeisaurus changshouensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus changshouensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15533", "collectionReferenceId": "15533", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Changshou", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Moutzenhan (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Shizitan, Changshou", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Between the Chiating Beds and Chungking Beds; now = Shangshaximiao = Upper Shaximiao Fm.\r\nSeveral radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "Moutzenhan, Szetzetan (Shizitan) Reservoir, Changshouhsien/Changshou along the Yangtze River some 111 km NE of Chungking." }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "572130", "collectionId": "51914", "identifiedName": "Omeisaurus fuxiensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus fuxiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17258", "collectionReferenceId": "13842", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Wujiaba Dam Quarry, Zigong", "collection_aka": "Shaheba", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "Wujiaba Dam (Shaheba Dam), along Fuhsi River (tributary of Tuojiang River) near city of Zigong (Tsekung), about 4 km SW" }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "739555", "collectionId": "24883", "identifiedName": "Omeisaurus tianfuensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus tianfuensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28524", "collectionReferenceId": "6976", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry [lower]", "collection_aka": "Dashanpu Town", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating from this formation (but not this locality), Wang et al. (2018) suggested an Oxfordian age for the lower beds, rather than Middle Jurassic, with 159 ± 2 Ma as the maximum depositional age. However, from a section near the Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry, Ren et al. (2022) documented the youngest age for the zircon sample as 166.0 ± 1.59 Ma, and weighed average ages of the youngest subpopulation under the constraints of 1σ and 2σ are 170.9 ± 0.64 Ma and 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma, with a maximum confidence age of 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma selected as the final result.", "geogcomments": "Dashanpu quarry, 10 km NE of Zigong, Sichuan, China" }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "975914", "collectionId": "24883", "identifiedName": "Omeisaurus jiaoi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus jiaoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37503", "collectionReferenceId": "6976", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry [lower]", "collection_aka": "Dashanpu Town", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating from this formation (but not this locality), Wang et al. (2018) suggested an Oxfordian age for the lower beds, rather than Middle Jurassic, with 159 ± 2 Ma as the maximum depositional age. However, from a section near the Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry, Ren et al. (2022) documented the youngest age for the zircon sample as 166.0 ± 1.59 Ma, and weighed average ages of the youngest subpopulation under the constraints of 1σ and 2σ are 170.9 ± 0.64 Ma and 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma, with a maximum confidence age of 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma selected as the final result.", "geogcomments": "Dashanpu quarry, 10 km NE of Zigong, Sichuan, China" }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1066328", "collectionId": "131866", "identifiedName": "Omeisaurus maoianus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus maoianus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42507", "collectionReferenceId": "42507", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Omeisaurus maoianus type-locality", "collection_aka": "Jingyan, Sichuan", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Based on Google Earth placemark for Jingyan, Sichuan." }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1472810", "collectionId": "205726", "identifiedName": "Omeisaurus puxiani n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus puxiani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "72052", "collectionReferenceId": "70522", "cc": "CN", "state": "Chongqing", "county": "Yunyang", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Laojun Village, Pu’an Town", "collection_aka": "Puan \"Dinosaur Wall\"; Yunyang", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower to middle portion of the lower member of the Shaximiao Formation\r\nSeveral radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age: Dai et al. (2022) reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bathonian, based on zircon U-Pb ages of 166.0 ± 1.5 Ma (Zhou et al. 2022). ", "geogcomments": "Laojun Village, Pu’an Town, Yunyang County, Chongqing Municipality" }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1639782", "collectionId": "232460", "identifiedName": "Omeisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Omeisaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86568", "collectionReferenceId": "86568", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Weiyuan Anticline, Northwest", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "\"The locality occurs in the northwest of the Weiyuan anticline, about 15 km from the north oblique axis in strata with a gentle inclination of 2° to ~5°. The fossil site is at the bottom of the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, which measures ~60 m thick from the top of the Xintiangou Formation.\"", "geogcomments": "Qinglongshan Mountain, Zhujiamiao Village, Fuxing Town, Rong County, Zigong City, Sichuan Province" }, { "genusId": "38702", "genus": "Omeisaurus", "cc": "CN", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-18", "formation": "Upper Shaximiao", "possibleStates": [ "Sichuan", "Chongqing" ], "geographyReviewId": "mamenchi-geography-18-omeisaurus" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Omeisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Mamenchisauridae", "genus:38702" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "38670", "38702" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "gansu" ], "label": "Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": "522077", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Mamenchisaurus": [ "493036", "557562" ], "Omeisaurus": [ "522077" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38670", "38702" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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(2023), A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0293801", "access": "full primary text" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "455665", "genus": "Ondogurvel", "occurrenceId": "1593675", "collectionId": "37004", "identifiedName": "Ondogurvel alifanovi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ondogurvel alifanovi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81613", "collectionReferenceId": "9902", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt locality (Barun Goyot site)", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition 3", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "lower red sandstone = lower Nemegt beds = Barun Goyot Fm.", "geogcomments": "Nemegt, Nemegt basin, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "455665", "genus": "Ondogurvel", "cc": "MN", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-1", "formation": "Baruungoyot" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Parvicursorinae", "Ondogurvel" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "alvarezsaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Add conventional maniraptoran ancestors; this is chosen game topology, not proof every competing high-level analysis is false.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Alvarezsauria", "clade:Alvarezsauroidea", "clade:Alvarezsauridae", "clade:Parvicursorinae", "genus:455665" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot", "omnogov" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "1593675", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ceratonykus", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 5, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ceratonykus": [ "809197" ], "Jaculinykus": [ "1639584" ], "Khulsanurus": [ "1604958" ], "Ondogurvel": [ "1593675" ], "Parvicursor": [ "283992" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "257757", "name": "Oohkotokia", "displayName": "Oohkotokia", "attribution": "Penkalski 2014", "rawAttribution": "Penkalski 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=257757", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Oohkotokia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52798", "257757" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=257757", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Oohkotokia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=257757" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "257757", "genus": "Oohkotokia", "occurrenceId": "463124", "collectionId": "45681", "identifiedName": "Oohkotokia horneri", "acceptedName": "Oohkotokia horneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "12057", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "south side, Milk River (USNM 11892)", "collection_aka": "1928 Smithsonian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T37N, R8W, sec 27; S side of Milk River, Blackfeet Indian Reservation" }, { "genusId": "257757", "genus": "Oohkotokia", "occurrenceId": "591674", "collectionId": "62541", "identifiedName": "Oohkotokia horneri", "acceptedName": "Oohkotokia horneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "18053", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Milk River ankylosaur (USNM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "slightly higher horizon than the Brachyceratops site", "geogcomments": "a short distance from the Brachyceratops type site, on the Milk River; R 37 N, R 8 W, 1 mi N of Blackfeet Indian Reservation" }, { "genusId": "257757", "genus": "Oohkotokia", "occurrenceId": "1134950", "collectionId": "142497", "identifiedName": "? Oohkotokia sp.", "acceptedName": "Oohkotokia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Hagans Crossing", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Hillside Quarry, MOR TM-055", "collection_aka": "Cut Bank, Shield's Crossing, Shields Crossing", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "site re-located as 100 m above Virgelle Sandstone in lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "near Shields Crossing (= Shield's Crossing), 12 miles southwest (ca. 15 km SSW) of Cut Bank, along Two Medicine River W of Hwy 358 bridge" }, { "genusId": "257757", "genus": "Oohkotokia", "occurrenceId": "1639012", "collectionId": "232277", "identifiedName": "Oohkotokia horneri", "acceptedName": "Oohkotokia horneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44665", "collectionReferenceId": "46759", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Blackfeet Indian Reservation, Scolosaurus [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "The holotype is from the middle part of the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation on the Blackfeet Reservation in northern Montana, c. 22 km SSW of Cut Bank." }, { "genusId": "257757", "genus": "Oohkotokia", "occurrenceId": "1639014", "collectionId": "138980", "identifiedName": "Oohkotokia horneri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Oohkotokia horneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44665", "collectionReferenceId": "7748", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR TM-034, northwest of Cut Bank", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Two Medicine Formation (upper Campanian) of northwestern Montana, about 55\r\nm below the contact with the Bearpaw Shale. The Two Medicine Formation is about 650 m thick and consists primarily of mudstones, siltstones, and fine-grained lenticular sandstones, interbedded with bentonites of varying thickness (Dawson 1885; Stebinger 1914; Rogers et al. 1993). The Upper Two Medicine has been dated by Rogers et al. (1993) using radioisotopes at 74 Ma (10 m below top of formation), an age accepted by Eberth (1997) and Trexler (2001). The top of the Dinosaur Park Formation was given an age of 74-74.5 Ma by Eberth (1997), but of 75 Ma or older by Hamblin (1994). Eberth (2005) refined this to around 74.9 Ma. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38698", "name": "Opisthocoelicaudia", "displayName": "Opisthocoelicaudia", "attribution": "Borsuk-Bialynicka 1977", "rawAttribution": "Borsuk-Bialynicka 1977", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38698", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Saltasauroidea", "Lohuecosauria", "Saltasauridae", "Opisthocoelicaudiinae", "Opisthocoelicaudia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "71974", "455537", "498066", "64335", "58923", "38698" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38529", "name": "Ornitholestes", "displayName": "Ornitholestes", "attribution": "Osborn 1903", "rawAttribution": "Osborn 1903", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38529", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Compsognathidae", "Ornitholestes" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "38537", "38529" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38529", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ornitholestes", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38529" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38529", "genus": "Ornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "487805", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Ornitholestes hermanni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornitholestes hermanni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9630", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38529", "genus": "Ornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "490805", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "? Ornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornitholestes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13255", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38529", "genus": "Ornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "751962", "collectionId": "12816", "identifiedName": "? Ornitholestes hermanni", "acceptedName": "Ornitholestes hermanni", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27086", "collectionReferenceId": "10624", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 9, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Mammal Quarry, WY-15", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle upper part of the Morrison series; Unit B", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of sec. 12, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38529", "genus": "Ornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1033198", "collectionId": "126540", "identifiedName": "Ornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41030", "collectionReferenceId": "41030", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dana Quarry", "collection_aka": "DQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 6-9 m above contact w/underlying Sundance Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dana Quarry, near Ten Sleep; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 6, T48N, R89W (title incorrectly states Big Horn Co.)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Ornitholestes" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "compsognathid-grades", "rationale": "Avoid insisting on a traditional compsognathid clade when 2024/2025 character analyses dispute it; use broad Coelurosauria until precise original taxon reviews.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "qiu2025", "title": "Two new compsognathid-like theropods show diversified predation strategies in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11970238/", "doi": "10.1093/nsr/nwaf068", "year": 2025, "access": "Full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Jehol compsognathid-like theropods recovered as Sinosauropterygidae, while Compsognathus not included." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "genus:38529" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38529" ], "candidateIds": [ "38529" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38544", "name": "Ornithomimus", "displayName": "Ornithomimus", "attribution": "Marsh 1890", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1890", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38544", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Ornithomimus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "55491", "38539", "38544" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad plant-based or mixed compatibility is defensible for derived forms; Deinocheirus has direct fish evidence. Early toothed forms require wider uncertainty.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G8", "title": "Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1038/nature13874", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13874", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "author-institution abstract and publisher summary read", "dietSupport": "Plant-feeding cranial morphology plus fish gut remains support omnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view2", "turn591search13" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38544", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ornithomimus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38544" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "463051", "collectionId": "45675", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12049", "collectionReferenceId": "12049", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wood Mountain, Rocky Creek", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 13, Morgan Creek, Grasslands National Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from \"various levels\" in the \"Lance\"\r\n\r\nFrenchman Fm. was originally included within the overlying Ravenscrag Fm., but the two are now separate. Frenchman Fm. is Maastrichtian and Ravenscrag is Danian (see Eberth et al. 2019)\r\n", "geogcomments": "Wood Mountain, near Rocky Creek (= Morgan Creek), now Grasslands National Park, southern Saskatchewan; Sec 15, T1, R5, W of 3rd meridian" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "463381", "collectionId": "45732", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus edmontonicus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus edmontonicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12105", "collectionReferenceId": "62882", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "9 miles southwest of Morrin (100 ft level) [NMC]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Edmonton A\"; 9 coal", "geogcomments": "W side of Red Deer River, 100 feet above river, 9 miles SW of Morrin, Alberta; section 34, T30, R21, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "465640", "collectionId": "46095", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2997", "collectionReferenceId": "2997", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "locality 11, Swan Hills", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Upper Edmonton\"", "geogcomments": "LSD 2, Sec 26, T68, R10, W 5th meridian; Swan Hills; road cut on W side of road at top of hill leading into ravine" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "467017", "collectionId": "46335", "identifiedName": "Struthiomimus samueli n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus edmontonicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12351", "collectionReferenceId": "12351", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 20, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 12, U.T.12", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "0.5 miles E of Red Deer River, 3.5 miles S of Steveville, 160 feet above water level; N 1/2, sec 27, T21, R12, LSD 4" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "472834", "collectionId": "47012", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus edmontonicus", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus edmontonicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12486", "collectionReferenceId": "12486", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UNM 77-460", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T24N,R13W,sec32, SW 1/4, NE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "487582", "collectionId": "49000", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus velox n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus velox", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12250", "collectionReferenceId": "12250", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Beaver Creek Valley (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Ornithomimus type, Green Mountain", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "supposedly same beds as Triceratops alticornis; the \"Denver Beds\"", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of sec 27, T4S, R69W; Bear Creek Road from Morrison to Denver, where it leaves creek and enters hills, 6 miles from Morrison, R (= S) side of road and 20 feet from road bed, near end of gully within 100 yds of house on L of road (white school house); also described as about 12 miles from Denver, where old Morrison Road left the mesa and entered Beaver Creek Valley at end of small arroyo E of the road. In Lakewood, CO.\r\n\r\nCannon 1890 gives this as near sec 28, S.R. 69 W.\r\n\r\nRef 60140: \"The type and referred specimens were discovered in the upper part of the late Maastrichtian Denver Formation in the current city of Lakewood Colorado, 12 km southwest of the city of Denver on the south side of West Morrison Road, about 370 m east of the intersection of Kipling Street. The site was located 7 m south of West Morrison Road at the base of a gully. The area has seen much human modification, and there is now a drainage divertment culvert at the site to pass water underneath West Morrison Road...The original locality data provided with the specimen indicate that it was found by Mr. George L. Cannon Jr. on 19 June 1889. George Cannon supplied locality information on 24 August 1908 during a visit to YPM, and orally to Barnum Brown on 29 June 1916 (Osborn, 1917). The original locality data provided with the specimen identified the section as Denver Formation, about 12 miles from Denver, Colorado, S/W 1/ 4 Section 27, Township 4 South, Range 69 West, near where the old Morrison should have left the mesa going down into Beaver Creek Valley, at the head of a small arroyo east of road and near a small white school house (Marsh's collection notes identify the house as a white house with chicken coops around it).\"\r\n\r\nMarsh, 1897: \"at Green Mountain\"" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "487583", "collectionId": "49001", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus tenuis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus tenuis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12250", "collectionReferenceId": "12250", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Blaine", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Cow Island (USNM 5814)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "1500-1600 feet below top of formation, 500-600 feet below level of Ceratops", "geogcomments": "near foot of bluffs on S banks of Missouri River, opposite Cow Island." }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "488361", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "cf. Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "488854", "collectionId": "14609", "identifiedName": "cf. Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Premolar Site", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5625", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "491003", "collectionId": "49528", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus cf. velox", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus velox", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "55542", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Adams", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Berkeley Bluffs (UCM Loc. 82031)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 27", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "at Berkeley Bluffs" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "491049", "collectionId": "49550", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus velox", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus velox", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "13266", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Adams", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bowling (DMNH Loc. 1738)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 19", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "491054", "collectionId": "49554", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus cf. velox", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus velox", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "13266", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Arapahoe", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Deer Trail", "collection_aka": "Loc. 15", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "517531", "collectionId": "52466", "identifiedName": "Struthiomimus ingens n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus edmontonicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14110", "collectionReferenceId": "14110", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "1.5 miles below Munson Ferry (200 ft level) [ROM]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Edmonton B\"", "geogcomments": "section 10?, T30, R21, W 4th meridian, approx. 61 m above E bank of Red Deer River; 1.5 mi below Munson Ferry" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "517545", "collectionId": "52479", "identifiedName": "Struthiomimus currellii n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus edmontonicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14110", "collectionReferenceId": "14110", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "1 mile below Munson Ferry (100 ft level) [ROM]", "collection_aka": "U. Toronto", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Edmonton A\"", "geogcomments": "1 mi below Munson Ferry, E side of Red Deer River, 100 ft above water level; section 10?, T30, R21, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "517546", "collectionId": "52480", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus edmontonicus", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus edmontonicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10410", "collectionReferenceId": "10410", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Drumheller", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "2.4 km south of Steveville ferry [NMC]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Edmonton A\"\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "2.4 km S of Steveville ferry crossing, Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "519725", "collectionId": "52871", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sedens n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9095", "collectionReferenceId": "9095", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Alkali Creek (USNM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along Alkali Creek, formerly Converse Co." }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "519726", "collectionId": "14606", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus minutus", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus minutus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10608", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Peterson's Quarry", "collection_aka": "Peterson Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Peterson's Quarry, between Lance Creek and Buck Creek" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "545326", "collectionId": "14538", "identifiedName": "cf. Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "False Disciple Point", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5817", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "558166", "collectionId": "57918", "identifiedName": "cf. Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23842", "collectionReferenceId": "14442", "cc": "US", "state": "North Carolina", "county": "Bladen", "formation": "Tar Heel", "member": "", "geological_group": "Black Creek", "collection_name": "Phoebus Landing (Tar Heel)", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 4, milepost 68, Cape Fear", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Uppermost part of the formation and within the Exogyra ponderosa zone.\r\nRecent pollen analysis (Self-Trail et al., 2004) determined that the vertebrate fauna from the Tar Heel Formation at Phoebus Landing is from the upper part of the early Campanian.", "geogcomments": "southern bank of the Cape Fear River (Black River), approc. 1/4 mile downstream of milepost 68, 5 \"air miles\" ESE of Elizabethtown. Reached by traveling downstream about 5 mi by boat from US Lock & Dam No. 2, just E of Elizabethtown." }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "650180", "collectionId": "70276", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "60140", "collectionReferenceId": "23593", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Paria River Amphitheater (MNA)", "collection_aka": "The Blues, GS-ENM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Paria River Amphitheater, \"The Blues\"; NW corner, sec 36, T36S, R1W; Upper Valley, Utah Quadrangle" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "700840", "collectionId": "14542", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus cf. velox", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus velox", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "1419", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chinacat Sunflower (UW V-92036)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "975237", "collectionId": "116229", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37460", "collectionReferenceId": "37460", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Ornithomimus Quarry, DMNH loc. 894", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1123292", "collectionId": "142326", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheep Mountain (CM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Sheep Mtn., Carter Co." }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1123293", "collectionId": "142328", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Milk River, near Havre", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Belly River\" near Havre = Two Medicine", "geogcomments": "from near Havre, Milk River" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1124564", "collectionId": "142493", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46255", "collectionReferenceId": "46255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Treasure", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "butte southwest of Myers (371.5 ft)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "one of the highest buttes SW of Myers" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1171014", "collectionId": "150895", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48210", "collectionReferenceId": "48210", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Perkins", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "southwest of Hudgins", "collection_aka": "F54", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "sec 13, T20N, R16E" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1171016", "collectionId": "48551", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48210", "collectionReferenceId": "48210", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Arnett Creek", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 35, F5", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, NE 1/4, sec 30, T23N, R3E, NW corner of state, on W side of Missouri R." }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1179407", "collectionId": "14489", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus ", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46506", "collectionReferenceId": "2988", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Terlingua", "collection_aka": "OMNH V58; TMM 43057", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"microvertebrate-bearing bed is 13 to 18 cm thick\" and \"within several meters of the top of the underlying Terlingua Creek sandstone member\"\r\nammonites and bivalves support a late Campanian age\r\n", "geogcomments": "8 km NNE of Study Butte\r\n\"bone-bearing deposit ranges up to 10 m wide\"" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1180433", "collectionId": "106277", "identifiedName": "? Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35425", "collectionReferenceId": "35424", "cc": "US", "state": "North Carolina", "county": "Bladen", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Black Creek", "collection_name": "Cape Fear River Mileboard 56", "collection_aka": "Phoebus Landing", "geogscale": "hand sample", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"Phoebus Landing, a locality on the right bank of the Cape Fear River at Mileboard 56, about 10 miles southeast of Elizabethtown, Bladen County, North Carolina.\"" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1231944", "collectionId": "96457", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus edmontonicus", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus edmontonicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "60140", "collectionReferenceId": "32668", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Cambria", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Unit 1\", low in formation", "geogcomments": "sec 4, T28N, R19W, 4th meridian; near Cambria, E of Drumheller, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1561896", "collectionId": "220506", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77057", "collectionReferenceId": "77057", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "feathered Ornithomimus quarry (UALVP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lowermost portion of the Dinosaur Park Formation", "geogcomments": "northeastern sector of Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1570351", "collectionId": "128412", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77786", "collectionReferenceId": "27972", "cc": "US", "state": "North Carolina", "county": "Bladen", "formation": "Tar Heel", "member": "", "geological_group": "Black Creek", "collection_name": "Bladen County Landfill Annex [Tar Heel Fm.]", "collection_aka": "BCLA, Elizabethtown", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bladen County Landfill Annex (BCLA), 3.2 km (2 mi.) S of center of Elizabethtown, 7 km (4.4 mi.) WNW of Phoebus Landing" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1588481", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1598460", "collectionId": "225940", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sedens", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81845", "collectionReferenceId": "81845", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "\"Claws\" site, Lance Creek (BHI)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 km (9 mi) NE of Lance Creek, close to Peterson's Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38544", "genus": "Ornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "1605001", "collectionId": "227001", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82412", "collectionReferenceId": "82412", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Griffith's Farm (lower Scollard Fm)", "collection_aka": "Rumsey", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower Scollard Fm.", "geogcomments": "\"SW 1/4, S18, T34, R21, W4\"; location also shown on a map\r\nGriffith’s Farm locality, near the town of Rumsey in Alberta, Canada" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Ornithomimus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. Harpymimus assignment not a simple database error." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Ornithomimosauria", "clade:Ornithomimidae", "genus:38544" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38542", "520791", "38544", "378714", "38545", "347159" ], "candidateIds": [ "38544" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "US", "colorado", "jefferson" ], "label": "Jefferson · Colorado · US", "occurrenceId": "487582", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ornithomimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dromiceiomimus", "Mexidracon", "Rativates", "Struthiomimus", "Tototlmimus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ornithomimus": [ "487582" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38544" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "52990", "name": "Ornithopsis", "displayName": "Ornithopsis", "attribution": "Seeley 1870", "rawAttribution": "Seeley 1870", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52990", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Ornithopsis" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "52990" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52990", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ornithopsis", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52990" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "52990", "genus": "Ornithopsis", "occurrenceId": "280983", "collectionId": "26796", "identifiedName": "Ornithopsis hulkei", "acceptedName": "Ornithopsis hulkei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7425", "collectionReferenceId": "7425", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Chilton, Brook Bay", "collection_aka": "Isle of Wight", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Chilton, along Brook Bay, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "52990", "genus": "Ornithopsis", "occurrenceId": "384372", "collectionId": "36580", "identifiedName": "Ornithopsis sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithopsis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9795", "collectionReferenceId": "9795", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Brook Point-Brook Chine", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "midway between Brook Point fossil forest and Brook Chine, about 10 feet above the high-water mark, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "52990", "genus": "Ornithopsis", "occurrenceId": "1127407", "collectionId": "119505", "identifiedName": "Ornithopsis sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithopsis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31457", "collectionReferenceId": "31216", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Portland Stone", "member": "Portland Freestone", "geological_group": "Portland", "collection_name": "Isle of Portland, Portland Stone (general)", "collection_aka": "Portland Island", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "Titanites giganteus (=Titanites anguiformis) Zone; likely the Portland Freestone Member based on geography", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "52990", "genus": "Ornithopsis", "occurrenceId": "1624379", "collectionId": "152548", "identifiedName": "? Ornithopsis sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithopsis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84295", "collectionReferenceId": "49111", "cc": "DE", "state": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "county": "Märkischer Kreis", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Balve-Beckum limestone quarry", "collection_aka": "Theropod locality, Busche Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "The karstic infill deposits of Balve were dated by the association of early angiosperm pollen as late Early Cretaceous, most probably late Barremian to early Aptian (Lanser and Heimhofer, 2013). ", "geogcomments": "On the middle level of a limestone quarry, at ca. 300 m altitude. The fossil-bearing site belongs to a NW-SE striking fault, which is exposed within the quarry. The sedimentary infill of the sinkhole has been opened up by quarry operations at 300 m and 290 m above sea level, respectively, about 15 to 25 m below the original ground level before limestone quarrying began. Three horizontal outcrops of refilled karst cavities can be observed at the 290 m level. The largest has a nearly circular shape of about 30 × 35 m (Lanser and Heimhofer 2013).\r\n\"The quarry discussed here is located in Balve-Beckum, in the area of the Remscheid-Altena Anticline...Three horizontal cuts of infilled cavities are known from the 290 m above MSL. The largest has an approximately circular shape of 30 by 35 m (“Balve I”, Lanser & Heimhofer 2013), a second one is also circular with a diameter of ca. 8 m (“Balve III”), and a third is more elongate, 4 m wide and more than 10 m long (“Balve II”).\" (Hornung et al. 2023)\r\nThree " }, { "genusId": "52990", "genus": "Ornithopsis", "occurrenceId": "1636857", "collectionId": "122898", "identifiedName": "Ornithopsis hulkei n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithopsis hulkei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36747", "collectionReferenceId": "38003", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Brook Bay (Mantell collection)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Brook Bay (between SZ 379837 and SZ 391827), Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "52990", "genus": "Ornithopsis", "occurrenceId": "1636859", "collectionId": "157614", "identifiedName": "Bothriospondylus magnus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ornithopsis hulkei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14124", "collectionReferenceId": "14124", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Chondrosteosaurus types, south coast, Isle of Wight [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from a submerged bed on the south coast of the Isle of Wight, likely between Brighton and Brook" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Ornithopsis" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "genus:52990" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202797", "386797", "52990", "38678" ], "candidateIds": [ "202797", "386797", "52990", "38678" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64337", "name": "Orodromeus", "displayName": "Orodromeus", "attribution": "Horner and Weishampel 1988", "rawAttribution": "Horner and Weishampel 1988", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64337", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Orodrominae", "Orodromeus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "64386", "267487", "64337" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64337", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Orodromeus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64337" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64337", "genus": "Orodromeus", "occurrenceId": "149983", "collectionId": "13281", "identifiedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "acceptedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7404", "collectionReferenceId": "4406", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Egg Island, MOR TM-024", "collection_aka": "Willow Creek Anticline, WCA", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lacustrine interval\" of member", "geogcomments": "coordinates are for nearby town of Choteau, MT" }, { "genusId": "64337", "genus": "Orodromeus", "occurrenceId": "219993", "collectionId": "22653", "identifiedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "acceptedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7404", "collectionReferenceId": "5724", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Camp-o-saur, MOR TM-003", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1527, Camposaur, Willow Creek Anticline, WCA", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "64337", "genus": "Orodromeus", "occurrenceId": "266835", "collectionId": "25658", "identifiedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "acceptedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17718", "collectionReferenceId": "7156", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Bob's Vacation Site", "collection_aka": "MOR TM-088", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "75-76 mya, middle of formation (not \"middle member\")", "geogcomments": "\"extent of 25 m2\"\r\nno geographic details are given, so coordinate is based on county" }, { "genusId": "64337", "genus": "Orodromeus", "occurrenceId": "464340", "collectionId": "13142", "identifiedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "acceptedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12971", "collectionReferenceId": "4377", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone County", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bug Creek Anthills", "collection_aka": "Bug Creek, BCA, OMNH V1173", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper 1/3 of formation, 80 ft below coal bed", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 and SW 1/4, Sec. 9, T 22 N, R 43 E. Near Fort Peck Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "64337", "genus": "Orodromeus", "occurrenceId": "468947", "collectionId": "14446", "identifiedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "acceptedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12971", "collectionReferenceId": "3008", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Chouteau", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Clambank Hollow Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "40 feet below top of formation; Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec 31, T24N, R17E; in a small creek running parallel to an E-W dirt road N of the silos of the Halley ranch." }, { "genusId": "64337", "genus": "Orodromeus", "occurrenceId": "475060", "collectionId": "22690", "identifiedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "acceptedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7404", "collectionReferenceId": "5724", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Lambeosite, MOR TM-019", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1565, Landslide Butte", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min; upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "Landslide Butte field area" }, { "genusId": "64337", "genus": "Orodromeus", "occurrenceId": "480304", "collectionId": "14453", "identifiedName": "Orodromeus makelai n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2601", "collectionReferenceId": "63737", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Egg Mountain, MOR TM-006", "collection_aka": "Willow Creek Anticline, WCA", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"lacustrine interval\" of member", "geogcomments": "found during blasting by Shell Oil Co. ca. 20 mi. W of Choteau" }, { "genusId": "64337", "genus": "Orodromeus", "occurrenceId": "520516", "collectionId": "53058", "identifiedName": "cf. Orodromeus sp.", "acceptedName": "Orodromeus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14356", "collectionReferenceId": "14356", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Hagans Crossing", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Red Rock Bone Hill Site, MOR TM-012", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Coordinates based on nearby town of Choteau." }, { "genusId": "64337", "genus": "Orodromeus", "occurrenceId": "584111", "collectionId": "53043", "identifiedName": "Orodromeus cf. makelai", "acceptedName": "Orodromeus makelai", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17718", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Egg Baby West, MOR TM-036", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Specimens found in the uppermost 100 of the 650-m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Orodrominae", "Orodromeus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Thescelosauridae", "clade:Orodrominae", "genus:64337" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "candidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "103709", "name": "Oryctodromeus", "displayName": "Oryctodromeus", "attribution": "Varricchio et al. 2007", "rawAttribution": "Varricchio et al. 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=103709", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Orodrominae", "Oryctodromeus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "64386", "267487", "103709" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=420731", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Overoraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=420731" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "420731", "genus": "Overoraptor", "occurrenceId": "1509028", "collectionId": "180530", "identifiedName": "Overoraptor chimentoi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Overoraptor chimentoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "72669", "collectionReferenceId": "59904", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Huincul", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Violante farm", "collection_aka": "Violante’s farm, Pueblo Blanco Natural Reserve", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Violante farm, SE of Ezequiel Ramos-Mexia lake, NW Río Negro province - specimens from an area at least 800 m in extent: specimen MPCA-Pv 803 was found at 39° 24′ 10.17′′ S, 68° 36′ 53.37′′ W, that is, 800 m far from the site where the holotype (MPCA PV 802) was recovered (39° 23′ 45.24′′ S, 68° 36′ 40.80′′ W)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Overoraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "genus:420731" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "420731", "38565" ], "candidateIds": [ "420731", "38565" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "273091", "name": "Overosaurus", "displayName": "Overosaurus", "attribution": "Coria et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Coria et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=273091", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Rinconsauria", "Overosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "389116", "122470", "273091" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=273091", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Overosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=273091" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "273091", "genus": "Overosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1152347", "collectionId": "147178", "identifiedName": "Overosaurus paradasorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Overosaurus paradasorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47497", "collectionReferenceId": "47497", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Bajo de la Carpa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Cerro Overo [MAU]", "collection_aka": "Cerro Mesa de los Overos", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Locality relocated and attributed to the Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Filippi 2015), rather than the Anacleto Formation, as originally described. Upper third of formation.", "geogcomments": "Cerro Overo (Cerro Mesa de los Overos), 40 km southwest of Rincón de los Sauces" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Rinconsauria", "Overosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Colossosauria", "clade:Rinconsauria", "genus:273091" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "273091", "68591" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1152347", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Overosaurus", "Rinconsaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan", "Bravasaurus", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Punatitan", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Overosaurus": [ "1152347" ], "Rinconsaurus": [ "539207" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "273091", "68591" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38559", "name": "Oviraptor", "displayName": "Oviraptor", "attribution": "Osborn 1924", "rawAttribution": "Osborn 1924", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38559", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Oviraptoridae", "Oviraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "38557", "38559" ], "diet": { "values": [ "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Keep defensible genus-specific guilds, normalize insectivore/piscivore to animal-based with qualifiers, and apply Lesothosaurus/Silesaurus overrides. A genus-valued PBDB basis is not itself proof of direct observations.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] } ], "confidence": "varies", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38559", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38559", "genus": "Oviraptor", "occurrenceId": "557950", "collectionId": "53132", "identifiedName": "? Oviraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Oviraptor", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15559", "collectionReferenceId": "57423", "cc": "KZ", "state": "Turkistan", "county": "", "formation": "Dabrazhin", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kyrkkuduk I (Dabrazhin)", "collection_aka": "Kyrk-Kuduk, Sary-Agach, Chingeldy ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Nessov (1997) noted that trionychid remains, probably, come from the Syuk-Syuk Formation rather than from Darbaza Formation (= Darbazin Svita) as indicated by Kordikova (1994).", "geogcomments": "near Sary-Agach (Chengel'dy) railway station, Kyrk-Kuduk region, near Alym-Tau range, southern Kazakhstan\n\nVitke & Danilov (2012): Kyrkkuduk I locality (= Sary-Agach, Riabinin 1938 = area of Kyrkkuduk Well, Danilov and Vitek 2009, in press), area about 2 km in length along the northern slope of Alymtau Ridge, 6–7 km south from the well and also 3–5 km south-west from the well, Circum-Tashkent Chul, South Kazakhstan Province, Syuk-Syuk Formation and, probably, the lower part of the Darbaza Formation, Santonian – ?middle Campanian (Nessov 1997)." }, { "genusId": "38559", "genus": "Oviraptor", "occurrenceId": "1058725", "collectionId": "130798", "identifiedName": "Oviraptor ", "acceptedName": "Oviraptor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "88887", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ömnögovi Aimag", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dzamin Khond [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Dzamyn Khond, Zamyn Khond, Dzamyn Khondt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 44-03-0478; E: 102-49-1971; A: 1466m. 9 km SW of Udyn Sayr." }, { "genusId": "38559", "genus": "Oviraptor", "occurrenceId": "1244254", "collectionId": "46152", "identifiedName": "Oviraptor philoceratops n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Oviraptor philoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13096", "collectionReferenceId": "14566", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shabarakh Usu (AMNH loc. 12049)", "collection_aka": "Protoceratops type, Flaming Cliffs, Bayn Dzak, Kwei-wa-ting trail, Bayan Zag", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"There are no radioisotopic dates from beds in the sequence that produce the Bayn Dzak fauna. According to different authors, its age has been reported to range from Cenomanian to Early Maastrichtian. Berkey and Morris (1927) placed it in the early Late Cretaceous. Polish authors variously assigned it to a range between the Coniacian and the Santonian (Gradziński et al., 1969; Kielan-Jaworowska, 1969, 1970, 1974; Kielan Jaworowska and Dovchin, 1969; Lefeld, 1965, 1971). McKenna (1969) suggested a Cenomanian age. Rozhdestvensky, in his study of Mongolian dinosaurs (1971), inferred the probable age of the fauna to be late Santonian or possibly early Campanian. Fox (1978) suggested a Campanian age based on comparisons between Mongolian, American, and Canadian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous. Lillegraven and McKenna (1986) considered the Bayn Dzak fauna to be of Campanian-Early Maastrichtian age. Jerzykiewicz et al. (1993) and Eberth (1993) assign a Campanian age to the Djadokhta faunas from both Bayan Mandahu and Bayn Dzak. Most recently, Averianov (1997) tentatively agreed with Gradziński et al. (1977) that the fauna from the Djadokhta Formation is early Campanian in age, based on comparisons of mammalian and marine taxa from the Darbasa Formation of Kazakhstan. So, although most recent workers have assigned a Campanian age to the fauna from the Djadokhta, there has historically been little consensus among biochronologic age estimates and no evidence independent of faunal comparisons.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 2005)\r\n\"The presence of reversed magnetozones in both the Flaming Cliffs and Khren Tsav sections means that most of these units must be younger than Chron 34n—the upper boundary of which represents the boundary between the Santonian and the Campanian at about 83.5 Ma (Gradstein et al., 1995). The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones in the Flaming Cliffs section suggests that the sediments were deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian incorporating the end of Chron 33 and Chron 32 between about 75 and 71 Ma (Gradstein et al., 1995)... Previous biochronologic age estimates taken in conjunction with this new magnetostratigraphic data suggest that the fossiliferous sediments of the Djadokhta Formation were most likely deposited during the quick succession of normal and reversed intervals in the late Campanian between 71 and 75 Ma.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 2005)", "geogcomments": "on Kwei-wa-ting trail, E of Artsa Bogdo, Gobi Desert, Mongolia; at Shabarakh Usu (= Flaming Cliffs)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Oviraptoridae", "Oviraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "clade:Oviraptoridae", "genus:38559" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "candidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "163544", "name": "Owenodon", "displayName": "Owenodon", "attribution": "Galton 2009", "rawAttribution": "Galton 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=163544", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Owenodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "163544" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=163544", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Owenodon", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=163544" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "163544", "genus": "Owenodon", "occurrenceId": "150242", "collectionId": "13335", "identifiedName": "Owenodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Owenodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31500", "collectionReferenceId": "53422", "cc": "RO", "state": "Judetul Bihor", "county": "Oradea", "formation": "Lower Bauxite", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Brusturi Mine, Cornet 204 lens", "collection_aka": "Bihor, ETE 1554", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the Cornet bauxitic zone, 4 km south of the mining bldgs. of the Cornet branch of the S.C. \"Bauxita Min\" S.A. Dobresti company. Cornet lies in the Comuna Astileu, located in the Padurea Craiului Mtns. in the eastern part of Judetul (prov.) Bihor. The locality is 40 km ESE of Oradea (also listed as SSE)." }, { "genusId": "163544", "genus": "Owenodon", "occurrenceId": "150248", "collectionId": "13335", "identifiedName": "? Owenodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Owenodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31500", "collectionReferenceId": "53422", "cc": "RO", "state": "Judetul Bihor", "county": "Oradea", "formation": "Lower Bauxite", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Brusturi Mine, Cornet 204 lens", "collection_aka": "Bihor, ETE 1554", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the Cornet bauxitic zone, 4 km south of the mining bldgs. of the Cornet branch of the S.C. \"Bauxita Min\" S.A. Dobresti company. Cornet lies in the Comuna Astileu, located in the Padurea Craiului Mtns. in the eastern part of Judetul (prov.) Bihor. The locality is 40 km ESE of Oradea (also listed as SSE)." }, { "genusId": "163544", "genus": "Owenodon", "occurrenceId": "516398", "collectionId": "52299", "identifiedName": "Iguanodon hoggii n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Owenodon hoggii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14067", "collectionReferenceId": "14067", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Lulworth", "member": "Worbarrow Tout", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Durlston Bay, Swanage (DB105-107)", "collection_aka": "Durdlestone Bay", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Under Feather\" bed, 4-5 feet below \"Cinder Bed\", Middle Purbecks = Cherty Freshwater Mbr., now = top of Worbarrow Tout Mbr.", "geogcomments": "Durlston (Durdlestone) Bay, Isle of Purbeck, Dorset" }, { "genusId": "163544", "genus": "Owenodon", "occurrenceId": "516437", "collectionId": "52306", "identifiedName": "cf. Camptosaurus hoggii", "acceptedName": "Owenodon hoggii", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11798", "collectionReferenceId": "31216", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Lulworth", "member": "", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Lulworth Cove, Dorset (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lulworth Cove, Dorset" }, { "genusId": "163544", "genus": "Owenodon", "occurrenceId": "516438", "collectionId": "52309", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus hoggii", "acceptedName": "Owenodon hoggii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11798", "collectionReferenceId": "31457", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Buckinghamshire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Purbeck", "collection_name": "Dr. Lee's Pit, Hartwell Manor", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "supposedly equivalent to Purbeck Limestone", "geogcomments": "in the grounds of Hartwell Manor, part of the \"Bugle Pit\" complex of Portland Stone quarries" }, { "genusId": "163544", "genus": "Owenodon", "occurrenceId": "1690387", "collectionId": "13335", "identifiedName": "? Owenodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Owenodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31500", "collectionReferenceId": "53422", "cc": "RO", "state": "Judetul Bihor", "county": "Oradea", "formation": "Lower Bauxite", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Brusturi Mine, Cornet 204 lens", "collection_aka": "Bihor, ETE 1554", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the Cornet bauxitic zone, 4 km south of the mining bldgs. of the Cornet branch of the S.C. \"Bauxita Min\" S.A. Dobresti company. Cornet lies in the Comuna Astileu, located in the Padurea Craiului Mtns. in the eastern part of Judetul (prov.) Bihor. The locality is 40 km ESE of Oradea (also listed as SSE)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Owenodon" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "genus:163544" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65335", "492472", "477067", "163544" ], "candidateIds": [ "65335", "492472", "477067", "163544" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "180307", "name": "Oxalaia", "displayName": "Oxalaia", "attribution": "Kellner et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Kellner et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=180307", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Spinosaurinae", "Oxalaia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38595", "53371", "180307" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=180307", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Oxalaia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=180307" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "180307", "genus": "Oxalaia", "occurrenceId": "638678", "collectionId": "56365", "identifiedName": "Oxalaia quilombensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Oxalaia quilombensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35567", "collectionReferenceId": "76419", "cc": "BR", "state": "Maranhão", "county": "", "formation": "Alcântara", "member": "", "geological_group": "Itapecuru", "collection_name": "Laje do Coringa, Ilha do Cajual", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "São Luís-Grajaú Basin; some reworking possible; Albian-Cenomanian age is based upon palynology", "geogcomments": "\"Laje do Coringa\", on Ilha do Cajual, in Baia de São Marcos, municipality of Alcântara; easternmost beach on island. UTM 2070559882 / 9726080" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Spinosaurinae", "Oxalaia" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Spinosauridae", "clade:Spinosaurinae", "genus:180307" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64275", "64272", "180307" ], "candidateIds": [ "64275", "64272", "180307" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38786", "name": "Pachycephalosaurus", "displayName": "Pachycephalosaurus", "attribution": "Brown and Schlaikjer 1943", "rawAttribution": "Brown and Schlaikjer 1943", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38786", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Eupachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38782", "427307", "38786" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38786", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pachycephalosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38786" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/pachycephalosaurus" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "147092", "collectionId": "12977", "identifiedName": "Stenotholus kohleri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4306", "collectionReferenceId": "4306", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MPM locality 3850 (Hell Creek Formation)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Middle Hell Creek. Approx. 100 feet above Fox Hills Sandstone/Hell Creek Fm contact, somewhat beneath the middle of the 250-280 feet of Hell Creek Fm east of the Fort Peck Reservoir.", "geogcomments": "Bug Creek 7 1/2 minute Quadrangle, NE 1/4 of section 5, Township 22N, Range 43E, approx. one mile east of Fort Peck Reservoir and 1.5 miles northwest of the Bug Creek Anthills locality. The lat long is for the Fort Peck Reservoir." }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "467159", "collectionId": "14616", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "39778", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sandstone Basin, UCMP V-80092", "collection_aka": "UCMP locality V80092; MOR HC-530, Doldrums", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The locality is a small shallow wash with extensive exposures of a bone-rich basal lag of the Ten Meter Sand (Hartman et al., 2014; Fowler, 2016). The Ten Meter Sand occurs ~10 m below the contact with the overlying Fort Union Formation (which is visible in adjacent cliffs ~100 m to the east), hence V80092/HC-530 is located in the upper part of the upper third of the Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "478789", "collectionId": "47626", "identifiedName": "Stygimoloch spinifer n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12772", "collectionReferenceId": "12772", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Harbicht Hill South No. 2, UCMP V-73100", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "possibly same beds as Harbicht Hill no. 1 but cannot be traced laterally across canyon separating them", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 32, T25N, R43E, McCone Co., MT" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "478795", "collectionId": "47627", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus grangeri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "12773", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "William Winkley Ranch, Powder Hill", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 17, T1S, R55E, William Winkley Ranch, Powder Hill, N of Ekalaka, Carter Co., MT" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "478796", "collectionId": "47628", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus reinheimeri n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "68340", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Corson", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Twito ranch (DMNH)", "collection_aka": "Dwito, L&W locality 38b", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Twito ranch, about 16 mi S of McIntosh; near SW corner of sec 25, T20N, R21E, Corson Co., SD" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487158", "collectionId": "48843", "identifiedName": "Stygimoloch spinifer", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17021", "collectionReferenceId": "17021", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MPM 3956, Marmarth", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "within upper third of the 70-90 m thick outcrops of Hell Creek Fm.", "geogcomments": "W 1/4, sec 8, T133N, R105W, Marmarth 7.5' Quad, Slope Co." }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487159", "collectionId": "48844", "identifiedName": "Stygimoloch spinifer", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13015", "collectionReferenceId": "14263", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ugly Duckling, UCMP V-84159", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487160", "collectionId": "48845", "identifiedName": "Stygimoloch spinifer", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13015", "collectionReferenceId": "14263", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jennifer's Domehead, UCMP V-83049", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487161", "collectionId": "48846", "identifiedName": "Stygimoloch spinifer", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13015", "collectionReferenceId": "13015", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Turtle City, UCMP V-88027", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487165", "collectionId": "48848", "identifiedName": "Stygimoloch spinifer", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13015", "collectionReferenceId": "54064", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Big Dry Quarry", "collection_aka": "Big Dry Creek, Big Dry West", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "30 m above Fox Hills Sandstone", "geogcomments": "approximate location of Big Dry Post Office, now beneath Ft. Peck reservoir; W side of Big Dry, 44 miles S of Glasgow" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488102", "collectionId": "14550", "identifiedName": "Stygimoloch spinifer", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Flint's Stones", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-76145", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488356", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus grangeri", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491032", "collectionId": "49539", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93074", "collectionReferenceId": "13266", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Arapahoe", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Oak Place, Westminster (DMNH Loc. 1513)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "housing development in Westminster, CO" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "514312", "collectionId": "52106", "identifiedName": "Troodon wyomingensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14577", "collectionReferenceId": "14577", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "9 miles southwest of Warren Post Office", "collection_aka": "Buck Creek, Lance Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "9 mi SW of Warren Post Office, Niobrara Co., WY" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519910", "collectionId": "52904", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14263", "collectionReferenceId": "14263", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jason's Pachycephalosaur, UCMP V-86026", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565875", "collectionId": "59222", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14453", "collectionReferenceId": "24421", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 124, Steveville S (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "U156", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally described as coming from \"low in the strata of the Oldman Formation\"", "geogcomments": "about 3 mi S of the Steveville Ferry, on the E side of the Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "606138", "collectionId": "47628", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "68340", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Corson", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Twito ranch (DMNH)", "collection_aka": "Dwito, L&W locality 38b", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Twito ranch, about 16 mi S of McIntosh; near SW corner of sec 25, T20N, R21E, Corson Co., SD" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "606140", "collectionId": "64644", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "12773", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Seven Mile Creek (USNM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "606141", "collectionId": "64645", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "14074", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 335, Lance Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek area, exact locality not specified" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "627206", "collectionId": "58813", "identifiedName": "Dracorex hogwartsia n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19309", "collectionReferenceId": "19309", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dracorex type site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "described only as \"central South Dakota\" - this is a proxy site location" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "668730", "collectionId": "72145", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24421", "collectionReferenceId": "24421", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW Pachycephalosaur site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "listed as T39N, R63W, Converse Co, but these coordinates are in Niobrara Co." }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "700662", "collectionId": "14544", "identifiedName": "Stygimoloch spinifer", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "1419", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Baba O'Reilly (UW V-93002)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "700843", "collectionId": "14542", "identifiedName": "Stygimoloch spinifer", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93074", "collectionReferenceId": "1419", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chinacat Sunflower (UW V-92036)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "702710", "collectionId": "75432", "identifiedName": "Stygimoloch spinifer", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93074", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93007, Oedipus Rex", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "811343", "collectionId": "88987", "identifiedName": "cf. Pachycephalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29828", "collectionReferenceId": "29828", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "BMRP 2001.1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "BMRP 2001.1 locality, western Carter County" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "811344", "collectionId": "88988", "identifiedName": "cf. Pachycephalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29828", "collectionReferenceId": "29828", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "BMRP 2007.1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "BMRP 2007.1 locality, western Carter County" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "828772", "collectionId": "91359", "identifiedName": "Tylosteus ornatus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30722", "collectionReferenceId": "30722", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tylosteus type site (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "Missouri River, Blackfeet", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "originally described as \"Black Foot Country...at the head of the Missouri River,\" but ref 12443 speculates that this is in error for Little Missouri River, Blackfeet Indian lands, and was likely from the ridge separating the drainages of the Little Missouri and Powder Rivers, in SW Carter or SE Powder River counties." }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1226498", "collectionId": "161171", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52511", "collectionReferenceId": "52511", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "west side, Dry Creek Road", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "W side, Dry Creek Road, 0.2 mi. (0.32 km) N of its intersection with Powder River Road; T1S, R55E, listed as sec 17 but ref suggests it's actually sec 9." }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1267045", "collectionId": "168404", "identifiedName": "? Stygimoloch spinifer", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93074", "collectionReferenceId": "55120", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Theropod Knob", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower 4m of formation, likely derived from an interval 1–2 m above the base of the Scollard Formation, part of an inclined heterolithic stratification deposit that overlies a lower interval of clean sandstone (all part of a single channel succession). Within the top of the 30n magnetochron and slightly younger than 67 Ma", "geogcomments": "Vertebrate microsite locality, near Drumheller" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1340988", "collectionId": "152397", "identifiedName": "Stygimoloch spinifer", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93074", "collectionReferenceId": "49049", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield County", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "45 km southwest of Jordan (NCD01)", "collection_aka": "Acheroraptor temertyorum type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "The holotype was found in strata of the Hell Creek Formation (Upper Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous)", "geogcomments": "Approximately 45 km southwest of the town of Jordan, Garfield County, MT, USA. ROM 53665 from same deposit, but 0.6 km away" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1350475", "collectionId": "183110", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61095", "collectionReferenceId": "61095", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Powder River", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "McGill 1", "collection_aka": "LACM 7943", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1588497", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1588498", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Dracorex hogwartsia", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "38786", "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1626811", "collectionId": "26760", "identifiedName": "Pachycephalosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachycephalosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84885", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Grave bonebed, Hanson Ranch", "collection_aka": "Edmontosaurus bonebed, Dragons' Grave, Roxson, HR", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY. Includes five quarries from the same bonebed: North (N), South (S), Southeast (SE), West (W), and Teague (T) plus three exploratory quarries to determine extent: Toe, Neufeld (Neu), and DKC." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Eupachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Pachycephalosauria", "clade:Eupachycephalosauria", "genus:38786" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38786", "38790", "38787" ], "candidateIds": [ "38786", "38790", "38787" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38858", "name": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "displayName": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "attribution": "Sternberg 1950", "rawAttribution": "Sternberg 1950", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38858", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Centrosaurinae", "Pachyrhinosaurini", "Pachyrhinosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "53953", "251723", "38858" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38858", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pachyrhinosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38858" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220124", "collectionId": "22699", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32668", "collectionReferenceId": "5710", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Wapiti", "member": "Unit 3", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pipestone Creek Bonebed (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1574, TMP.1989.55, Tanke Site 11, Pachyrhinosaurus bonebed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min; approx 73 ma", "geogcomments": "40 km SW of Grand Prairie, NW Alberta; 10 m above creek bed and 1.1 km upstream from Pipestone Creek County Park campground and the confluence with the Wapiti River. Also exposed 120 m downstream of main site on W bank of creek. Sec. 14, T70N, R8W, 6th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "367434", "collectionId": "34744", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14096", "collectionReferenceId": "9231", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Drumheller bone bed, Munson Ferry (80 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Bleriot Ferry; RTMP Locality L1504", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "found \"low in the lower member of the Edmonton Formation\" (now = Horseshoe Canyon Fm.)", "geogcomments": "1.5 miles S of Munson Ferry on Red Deer River near Drumheller, Alberta. SW corner of subdivision 6, section 10, T30, R21, W of 4th meridian. Approx. 9.5 miles NW of Drumheller. Horizon is about 80 ft. above river. (Also described as near Bleriot Ferry, about 10 km NW of RTMP.)" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513819", "collectionId": "52071", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18562", "collectionReferenceId": "18562", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "St. Mary River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Scabby Butte, Site 1", "collection_aka": "NMC Locality P-4611", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Refer to Langston, W., Jr. 1975. A late Cretaceous vertebrate fauna from the St. Mary River Formation in western Canada. Athlon, Roy. Ont. Mus. Spec. Publ. ", "geogcomments": "About 100 ft. N of the south line, SE1/4, SE1/4, sec. 19; 19 mi S of Little Bow River Pachyrhinosaurus type locality." }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513820", "collectionId": "52072", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13943", "collectionReferenceId": "62727", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "St. Mary River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Scabby Butte, Site 2", "collection_aka": "NMC Locality P-5510", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "On the westerly escarpment in SE1/4, SE1/4, sec. 19" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "516312", "collectionId": "52249", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13943", "collectionReferenceId": "62727", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "St. Mary River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Scabby Butte, Site 6", "collection_aka": "NMC Locality P-5801", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "This site includes Scabby Butte as a whole. The number is applied to all surface finds. " }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519831", "collectionId": "52893", "identifiedName": "? Pachyrhinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32668", "collectionReferenceId": "14233", "cc": "CA", "state": "Northwest Territories", "county": "", "formation": "Summit Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "East Little Bear River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Position of Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary has not been precisely determined palynologically.", "geogcomments": "along East Little Bear River" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "604286", "collectionId": "64352", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18562", "collectionReferenceId": "18575", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "St. Mary River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pachyrhinosaurus type, Little Bow River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally \"lower member of Edmonton Fm.\"", "geogcomments": "near center of SW 1/4, sec 24, T14, R23, W 4th meridian; on N side of Little Bow River, 50 ft above river; E of Carmongay; second specimen from 300 yds SW of type" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647288", "collectionId": "51889", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43709", "collectionReferenceId": "13817", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "Kogosukruk Tongue", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry", "collection_aka": "Kikak Creek, Kekak-Tegoseak, KKT", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Radioisotopic dates derived from multiple tuff beds throughout this section of the Prince Creek Formation range from 68Ma to 71Ma, with an average estimate of 69.1+/20.3Ma, placing it in the early Late Maastrichtian. Palynological samples from the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry itself correlate reasonably well with the radioisotopic data, showing an Early Maastrichtian assemblage", "geogcomments": "Along Kikak Creek near where it empties into the Colville River; about 80 km upriver from Liscomb Quarry.\r\nThe Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry is located in the extensive exposures of the Prince Creek Formation along bluffs bordering the Colville River, North Slope Borough, Alaska, USA" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "800524", "collectionId": "87125", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29320", "collectionReferenceId": "29320", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Wapiti", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pachyrhinosaurus bonebed, W of Pipestone", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "higher in section than Pipestone Creek site", "geogcomments": "approx 30 km W of Pipestone Creek bonebed" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "867602", "collectionId": "34744", "identifiedName": "? Pachyrhinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32668", "collectionReferenceId": "9231", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Drumheller bone bed, Munson Ferry (80 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Bleriot Ferry; RTMP Locality L1504", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "found \"low in the lower member of the Edmonton Formation\" (now = Horseshoe Canyon Fm.)", "geogcomments": "1.5 miles S of Munson Ferry on Red Deer River near Drumheller, Alberta. SW corner of subdivision 6, section 10, T30, R21, W of 4th meridian. Approx. 9.5 miles NW of Drumheller. Horizon is about 80 ft. above river. (Also described as near Bleriot Ferry, about 10 km NW of RTMP.)" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "869760", "collectionId": "96455", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32668", "collectionReferenceId": "32668", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Rosedale", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"near Rosedale,\" Alberta, Canada" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "869763", "collectionId": "96457", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32668", "collectionReferenceId": "32668", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Cambria", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Unit 1\", low in formation", "geogcomments": "sec 4, T28N, R19W, 4th meridian; near Cambria, E of Drumheller, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1442634", "collectionId": "47787", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19442", "collectionReferenceId": "19442", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "Kogosukruk Tongue", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "southern end, Poverty Bar", "collection_aka": "Colville River, Ocean Point", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "below nearby Edmontosaurus bonebed nearby", "geogcomments": "high bluffs just upstream from S end of Poverty Bar (large sandbar upstream, due W of Ocean Point), Colville River. 30 mi downriver (N) of Kikak-Tegoseak bonebed" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559727", "collectionId": "220119", "identifiedName": "? Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76810", "collectionReferenceId": "76810", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Bleriot Ferry bonebed", "collection_aka": "Day Digs, BF", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "The BF Bonebed occurs on the east side of the river, just south of the Bleriot Ferry (Provincial Highway 838)" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559773", "collectionId": "220129", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76812", "collectionReferenceId": "76812", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Wapiti", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wapiti River Pachyrhinosaur Bonebed", "collection_aka": "Tanke Site 9", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ca. 120 m above Pipestone Creek bonebed; age estimate 70.5–71.8 Ma based on pollen", "geogcomments": "along Wapiti River" }, { "genusId": "38858", "genus": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559840", "collectionId": "161248", "identifiedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pachyrhinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76819", "collectionReferenceId": "52782", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Wapiti", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Charlie Young site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "170 m higher than Pipestone Creek bonebed, estd. age 70.4 Ma", "geogcomments": "Charlie Young site; sec 14, T69N, R11W, 6th meridian; extends for ca. 100 m. along the Wapiti River" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Centrosaurinae", "Pachyrhinosaurini", "Pachyrhinosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Centrosaurinae", "clade:Pachyrhinosaurini", "genus:38858" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53956", "53952", "38858" ], "candidateIds": [ "53956", "53952", "38858" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "327236", "name": "Padillasaurus", "displayName": "Padillasaurus", "attribution": "Carballido et al. 2015", "rawAttribution": "Carballido et al. 2015", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=327236", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Padillasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "327236" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Paper says this is \"lower Barremian\" and \"lower upper Barremian\"", "geogcomments": "Exact locality unknown, but from the La Tordolla area, in the Vereda Monquirá, northeast of Villa de Leiva town, Department of Boyacá, Ricaurte Province, Colombia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Padillasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "genus:327236" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "327236" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CO", "paja" ], "label": "Paja Formation · CO", "occurrenceId": "1296269", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Padillasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia", "Brontomerus", "Chubutisaurus", "Dasosaurus", "Ligabuesaurus", "Sauroposeidon", "Triunfosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Padillasaurus": [ "1296269" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "327236" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "119550", "name": "Pakisaurus", "displayName": "Pakisaurus", "attribution": "Malkani 2004", "rawAttribution": "Malkani 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=119550", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Pakisauridae", "Pakisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "437580", "119548", "119550" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=119550", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pakisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=119550" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "119550", "genus": "Pakisaurus", "occurrenceId": "740917", "collectionId": "79428", "identifiedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26765", "collectionReferenceId": "26327", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-4 (southern sites)", "collection_aka": "PDL-4, Vitakri, South Kinwa, DL-4s", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "W and NW of Kinwa hot gas springs, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. southernmost three sites. 10 m south from small peak which is about 50 meters west to Kinwa spring." }, { "genusId": "119550", "genus": "Pakisaurus", "occurrenceId": "740931", "collectionId": "79665", "identifiedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "acceptedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26765", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Mari Bohri, DL-15 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-15", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "just W of village of Mari Bohri, 15 km W of Vitakri, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan, from E plunge of Mari Bohri-Mawand anticlinorium. Five main subsites." }, { "genusId": "119550", "genus": "Pakisaurus", "occurrenceId": "740960", "collectionId": "79668", "identifiedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "acceptedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Darwaza-Gumbrak, DL-8 (Nahar Kot)", "collection_aka": "Nala, PDL-8, Darwaza Gambrak", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Darwaza-Gumbrak (= Darwaza Gambrak) locality (Nala locality), Nahar Kot area, Central Sulaiman Range (Dhaola), Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119550", "genus": "Pakisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559857", "collectionId": "53153", "identifiedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "acceptedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "26721", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Shalghara Kali Kakor, DL-3 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shalghara Kali Kakor locality, in the Dhaola range, near the village of Vitakri in eastern Balochistan Province, Pakistan. Coordinates are for Vitakri village." }, { "genusId": "119550", "genus": "Pakisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559894", "collectionId": "220154", "identifiedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "acceptedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-4 (central sites)", "collection_aka": "PDL-4, Vitakri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "W and NW of Kinwa hot gas springs, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. central three sites, \"on the banks of small branch stream flowing from northwest, dropping its load near the water-gas spings in to main stream of Kinwa\"" }, { "genusId": "119550", "genus": "Pakisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559904", "collectionId": "220160", "identifiedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "acceptedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Alam Kali Kakor, DL-19n (northern)", "collection_aka": "PDL-19n, Vitakri, North Alam", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "near lands owned by Alam Khetran, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Northern site, on W end of Alam stream, close to Top Kinwa Marisaurus site." }, { "genusId": "119550", "genus": "Pakisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559906", "collectionId": "79669", "identifiedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "acceptedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Grut-Gumbrak, DL-9 (Nahar Kot)", "collection_aka": "PDL-9, Grut Gambrak, Grut 9", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Grut-Gumbrak (= Grut Gambrak), Nahar Kot area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119550", "genus": "Pakisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559907", "collectionId": "79427", "identifiedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "acceptedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "26327", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Nala Basti, DL-7 (Zubra Gambrak)", "collection_aka": "PDL-7, Basti Nala, Zubra Gumbrak, Zubra Peak 7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Nala Basti (Zubra) = Basti Nala (Zubra) Gumbrak, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Sites on peak and southern limb." }, { "genusId": "119550", "genus": "Pakisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559915", "collectionId": "220166", "identifiedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "acceptedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76847", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Dolwahi East, DL-13", "collection_aka": "PDL-13, Dolvahi", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Dolwahi East, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119550", "genus": "Pakisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559919", "collectionId": "78055", "identifiedName": "? Pakisaurus balochistani", "acceptedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76838", "collectionReferenceId": "37333", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkham", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Sangiali Kali Kakor, DL-1 (eastern)", "collection_aka": "PDL-1, Vitakri, mid Sangiali", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... upper Pab Formation, just below or on the boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene).\"", "geogcomments": "eastern site along Kali Kakor stream near Sangiali village, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. 3 subsites - eastern, western, and southern." }, { "genusId": "119550", "genus": "Pakisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559938", "collectionId": "79670", "identifiedName": "? Pakisaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pakisaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76847", "collectionReferenceId": "26768", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Khuzdar", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Karkh", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Karkh area, 90 km E of Khuzdar, in stream just E of Karkh town, Central Kirthar Range" }, { "genusId": "119550", "genus": "Pakisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1638710", "collectionId": "34725", "identifiedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "acceptedName": "Pakisaurus balochistani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86250", "collectionReferenceId": "62680", "cc": "IN", "state": "Gujarat", "county": "", "formation": "Lameta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Temple Hill, Rahioli (cgl)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"infratrappean\" sediments of the Lameta Formation", "geogcomments": "quarry at Temple Hill/Balasinor Taluka, 1 km W of Rahioli, on the Rahioli-Bhanthala road, Narmada valley, Gujarat, India." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Later papers supply diagnoses, designated types and locality statements; old conference-name dates alone do not justify a nomen nudum cut. Independent diagnosability and specimen associations remain insufficiently verified for hidden answers.", "references": [ { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Formal Description of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Biotas Found from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.net/journal/paperinformation?paperid=112161", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.119023", "access": "Primary full text/PDF read; newly formalized Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Nicksaurus and Maojandino with diagnoses and designated material.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Jurassic-Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene transitions and Mesozoic vertebrates from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2021080414130257.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.118016", "access": "Primary paper indexed description accessed; full August diagnoses not independently read in this bounded sweep.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2023, "title": "Geology and Mineral Deposits of Saraikistan (South Punjab, Koh Sulaiman Range) of Pakistan: A Tabular Review of Recently Discovered Biotas from Pakistan and Paleobiogeographic Link: Phylogeny and Hypodigm of Poripuchian Titanosaurs from Indo-Pakistan", "url": "https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2023083015073764.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2023.138040", "access": "Primary PDF read at nomenclatural tables and systematic discussion; distinguishes informal and later formal descriptions.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Hans-Volker Karl, Amtyaz Safi and Gottfried Tichy", "year": 2025, "title": "A review of the fossil records of dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous from present-day Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scientific-reports.com/index.php/srls/article/download/191/181/713", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.16895340", "access": "Primary review full PDF read. Repeats taxa and source dates, but does not independently rediagnose overlapping Pakistani types.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ] } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Pakisauridae", "Pakisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Poripuchia", "clade:Pakisauridae", "genus:119550" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "197174", "name": "Paludititan", "displayName": "Paludititan", "attribution": "Csiki et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Csiki et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=197174", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Paludititan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "58924", "197174" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=197174", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Paludititan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=197174" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "197174", "genus": "Paludititan", "occurrenceId": "970368", "collectionId": "26369", "identifiedName": "Paludititan nalatzensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Paludititan nalatzensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37255", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nălaţ-Vad", "collection_aka": "Nalat-Vad; Nalatvad; Râul Mare River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower to middle part of the upper Maastricthtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\"Râul Mare beds\", possibly upper section of ? Sînpetru Fm. or the Densus-Ciula Fm.\r\n\"can be considered as slightly older than at Totesti-baraj\"; at least 7 horizons with eggs at the site.\r\nalso listed as early Maastrichtian Sînpetru Formation", "geogcomments": "Nalatvad (Nalat-Vad), in the Râul Mare Valley, 3 km downstream from Totesti-baaraj and between villages of Nalat and Vad. Three fossiliferous \"pockets\" at this locality." }, { "genusId": "197174", "genus": "Paludititan", "occurrenceId": "1553458", "collectionId": "26369", "identifiedName": "cf. Paludititan sp.", "acceptedName": "Paludititan", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76092", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nălaţ-Vad", "collection_aka": "Nalat-Vad; Nalatvad; Râul Mare River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower to middle part of the upper Maastricthtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\"Râul Mare beds\", possibly upper section of ? Sînpetru Fm. or the Densus-Ciula Fm.\r\n\"can be considered as slightly older than at Totesti-baraj\"; at least 7 horizons with eggs at the site.\r\nalso listed as early Maastrichtian Sînpetru Formation", "geogcomments": "Nalatvad (Nalat-Vad), in the Râul Mare Valley, 3 km downstream from Totesti-baaraj and between villages of Nalat and Vad. Three fossiliferous \"pockets\" at this locality." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Paludititan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Eutitanosauria", "genus:197174" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "candidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "243372", "name": "Pampadromaeus", "displayName": "Pampadromaeus", "attribution": "Cabreira et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Cabreira et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243372", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Saturnaliidae", "Pampadromaeus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "66746", "243372" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Mixed craniodental signals; animal versus plant proportions are uncertain.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Saturnaliidae › Pampadromaeus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D2", "title": "Skull remains of the dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil): With comments on the early evolution of sauropodomorph feeding behaviour", "authors": "Bronzati, Müller and Langer", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; cranial description and feeding discussion read", "dietSupport": "Saturnalia retained predatory capability. Early sauropodomorph diets varied; Bagualosaurus shows an earlier shift towards greater plant consumption. Provides craniodental comparisons of multiple later plant-adapted genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn459view0", "turn465view3" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely mixed feeding", "primaryInterpretation": "omnivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243372", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pampadromaeus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243372" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "243372", "genus": "Pampadromaeus", "occurrenceId": "1071601", "collectionId": "98623", "identifiedName": "Pampadromaeus barberenai n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pampadromaeus barberenai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42509", "collectionReferenceId": "34027", "cc": "BR", "state": "Rio Grande do Sul", "county": "Agudo", "formation": "Santa Maria", "member": "Alemoa", "geological_group": "Rosário do Sul", "collection_name": "Varzea do Agudo site", "collection_aka": "Sítio Janner, Janner site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Santa Maria 2 (upper half of Santa Maria Formation), from the so-called \"Rhynchosaur Cenozone\" or \"Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone\" in a stratigraphic level \"with great abundance of the traversodontid Exaeretodon riograndensis.\" The Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone is generally considered late Carnian in age, but could extend into the early Norian. \r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "\"Janner Site\" = \"Várzea do Agudo\" according to ref 42509 although coordinates given differ slightly (20° 39' 10.89\"S, 53° 17' 34.20\"W); ca. 2 km W of town of Agudo" }, { "genusId": "243372", "genus": "Pampadromaeus", "occurrenceId": "1308718", "collectionId": "98623", "identifiedName": "cf. 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" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Saturnaliidae", "Pampadromaeus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Saturnaliidae", "genus:243372" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "candidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "180309", "name": "Pamparaptor", "displayName": "Pamparaptor", "attribution": "Porfiri et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Porfiri et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=180309", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Pamparaptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "180309" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Dromaeosaurid proposal supports animal feeding; troodontid-like foot keeps broader dietary uncertainty.", "references": [ { "id": "DE13", "title": "A new small deinonychosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagônia, Argentina", "authors": "Porfiri, Calvo and dos Santos", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1590/S0001-37652011000100007", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21437378/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Primary indexed abstract and original SciELO description extract read", "dietSupport": "Pamparaptor is interpreted as a dromaeosaurid with troodontid-like foot. Placement allows a qualified predatory-relative inference; food is not preserved.", "webRefs": [ "turn652search0", "turn652search4" ] }, { "id": "DE14", "title": "Additional specimen of Microraptor provides unique evidence of dinosaurs preying on birds", "authors": "O'Connor, Zhou and Xu", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1117727108", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1117727108", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Publisher original full text; abstract read", "dietSupport": "Direct animal feeding in a dromaeosaurid supplies an ecological anchor for a broad dromaeosaur-relative inference; it is not direct Pamparaptor evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn676view0" ] } ], "confidence": "low", "evidenceType": "relative-inferred", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=180309", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pamparaptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=180309" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "180309", "genus": "Pamparaptor", "occurrenceId": "745312", "collectionId": "79953", "identifiedName": "Pamparaptor micros n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pamparaptor micros", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35568", "collectionReferenceId": "85647", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Portezuelo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Baal Quarry, Lago Barreales [MUCP]", "collection_aka": "North coast of Barreales lake", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper levels of the Portezuelo Formation", "geogcomments": "Baal Quarry, Loma de La Lata area, near the northern coast of Lago Los Barreales, 12 km south of Anelo city; coordinates based on map in Porfiri et al. (2011: fig. 1)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Pamparaptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "genus:180309" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "180309" ], "candidateIds": [ "180309" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "372152", "name": "Pandoravenator", "displayName": "Pandoravenator", "attribution": "Rauhut and Pol 2017", "rawAttribution": "Rauhut and Pol 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372152", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Pandoravenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "372152" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=371994", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Panguraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=371994" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "371994", "genus": "Panguraptor", "occurrenceId": "1407038", "collectionId": "49501", "identifiedName": "Panguraptor lufengensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Panguraptor lufengensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66049", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shawan, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Dull Purplish beds of the Lower Lufeng Formation\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38825", "name": "Panoplosaurus", "displayName": "Panoplosaurus", "attribution": "Lambe 1919", "rawAttribution": "Lambe 1919", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38825", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Panoplosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "38825" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38825", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Panoplosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38825" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Livius et al. (2026), Redescription of the Panoplosaurus mirus holotype skull using computed tomography, and a new comparative scheme for panoplosaurin cranial ornamentation", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2026.2636589", "access": "full paper, systematic palaeontology and biostratigraphy read" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "280200", "collectionId": "26767", "identifiedName": "Panoplosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17480", "collectionReferenceId": "7400", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Stillwater", "formation": "Bearpaw Shale", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Lake Basin, Big Lake (PU)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from \"lower part of Bearpaw Shale\"; originally considered \"Ft. Pierre Shale\"", "geogcomments": "from \"Lake Basin\", near Big Lake, 24 km NNE of Columbus, Stillwater County, MT; 6-8.5 km from D. Whitney's\n\"Lake Basin about 5 mi from D. Whitney's house.\"" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463123", "collectionId": "45680", "identifiedName": "Palaeoscincus rugosidens n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus rugosidens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12057", "collectionReferenceId": "12057", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "north side, Milk River (USNM)", "collection_aka": "1928 Smithsonian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T37N, R8W, sec. 16; N side of Milk River, about 1/2 mile W and S of Brachyceratops type locality; Blackfeet Indian Reservation" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "521242", "collectionId": "14494", "identifiedName": "Panoplosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3313", "collectionReferenceId": "3313", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "Coal Ridge", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Woodpile Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564415", "collectionId": "58901", "identifiedName": "Panoplosaurus mirus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus mirus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26783", "collectionReferenceId": "26783", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 8, Little Sandhill Creek (NMC)", "collection_aka": "G.S.C.2, Sternberg Quarry 69", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "2.75 mi S of the mouth of Little Sandhill Creek, a tributary of the Red Deer River, 210 ft above river level; SE 1/4, sec 31, T20N, R11W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564416", "collectionId": "58902", "identifiedName": "Panoplosaurus rugosidens", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus rugosidens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15355", "collectionReferenceId": "36144", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 9, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 76, AMNH", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "NW 1.4, sec 32, T20N, R11W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "564556", "collectionId": "58951", "identifiedName": "Panoplosaurus mirus", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus mirus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7748", "collectionReferenceId": "65446", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 43, Little Sandhill Creek", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 73, ROM, U.T.26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm., \"Pale\" beds of Belly River Series", "geogcomments": "S side of Red Deer River, E of Little Sandhill Creek; LSD 8, sec 31, T20, R11, W 4th meridian; 2264 ft elevation" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565131", "collectionId": "59038", "identifiedName": "Panoplosaurus rugosidens", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus rugosidens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15355", "collectionReferenceId": "54063", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 101, Little Sandhill Creek", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 45, A.M.6", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "N 1/2, sec 35, T20N, R12W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "700743", "collectionId": "75287", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia cf. rugosidens", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus rugosidens", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93036, All Jaelyn's Fault", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "700846", "collectionId": "14542", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia cf. rugosidens", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus rugosidens", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "1419", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chinacat Sunflower (UW V-92036)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "700857", "collectionId": "75298", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia cf. rugosidens", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus rugosidens", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93003, Jay's Boneglomerate Ridge", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "702764", "collectionId": "75443", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia cf. rugosidens", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus rugosidens", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93030, Billy the Wet Raptor", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1100747", "collectionId": "138980", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia rugosidens", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus rugosidens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7748", "collectionReferenceId": "7748", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR TM-034, northwest of Cut Bank", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Two Medicine Formation (upper Campanian) of northwestern Montana, about 55\r\nm below the contact with the Bearpaw Shale. The Two Medicine Formation is about 650 m thick and consists primarily of mudstones, siltstones, and fine-grained lenticular sandstones, interbedded with bentonites of varying thickness (Dawson 1885; Stebinger 1914; Rogers et al. 1993). The Upper Two Medicine has been dated by Rogers et al. (1993) using radioisotopes at 74 Ma (10 m below top of formation), an age accepted by Eberth (1997) and Trexler (2001). The top of the Dinosaur Park Formation was given an age of 74-74.5 Ma by Eberth (1997), but of 75 Ma or older by Hamblin (1994). Eberth (2005) refined this to around 74.9 Ma. Thus, the uppermost Two Medicine sediments are slightly younger than the latest Dinosaur Park beds.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1384287", "collectionId": "189815", "identifiedName": "Panoplosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17480", "collectionReferenceId": "68428", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "12 miles west of Glenn Springs", "collection_aka": "Big Bend NP", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "12 miles west of Glenn Springs, now in Big Bend Natoinal Park" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1598459", "collectionId": "225939", "identifiedName": "Edmontonia rugosidens", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus rugosidens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82734", "collectionReferenceId": "81845", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "between Greasewood and Spring Creeks", "collection_aka": "Tank Site, Lance Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along Lance Creek between the mouths of Spring and Greasewood Creeks" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1625394", "collectionId": "230000", "identifiedName": "Panoplosaurus mirus", "acceptedName": "Panoplosaurus mirus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7748", "collectionReferenceId": "7748", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville, Dinosaur Provincial Park", "collection_aka": "SDNHM, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from near Steveville, Alberta (now Dinosaur Provincial Park)" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "cc": "CA", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "nodosauridae-3", "formation": "Dinosaur Park" }, { "genusId": "38825", "genus": "Panoplosaurus", "cc": "US", "qualified": true, "literatureId": "nodosauridae-12", "formation": "Matanuska" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Panoplosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; 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Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64373", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Paralititan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64373" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64373", "genus": "Paralititan", "occurrenceId": "475138", "collectionId": "47136", "identifiedName": "Paralititan stromeri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Paralititan stromeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12577", "collectionReferenceId": "82731", "cc": "EG", "state": "Al Jizah", "county": "", "formation": "Baharîje", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "BDP 2000-18", "collection_aka": "Gebel El Fagga", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also known as Bahariya Formation", "geogcomments": "near Gebel El Fagga, Bahariya Oasis" }, { "genusId": "64373", "genus": "Paralititan", "occurrenceId": "1606772", "collectionId": "227231", "identifiedName": "Paralititan sp.", "acceptedName": "Paralititan", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82692", "collectionReferenceId": "82692", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Illizi", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Oued Ameregh", "collection_aka": "Oued Ameragh", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Oued Ameregh (Ameragh), area S of Cretaceous cliffs near In Akhamil and N of In Amenas" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Paralititan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "genus:64373" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57455", "64373", "359110", "294729" ], "candidateIds": [ "57455", "64373", "359110", "294729" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38813", "name": "Paranthodon", "displayName": "Paranthodon", "attribution": "Nopcsa 1929", "rawAttribution": "Nopcsa 1929", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38813", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Paranthodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "38803", "38813" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38813", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Paranthodon", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38813" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38813", "genus": "Paranthodon", "occurrenceId": "464964", "collectionId": "45929", "identifiedName": "Paranthodon owenii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Paranthodon africanus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12746", "collectionReferenceId": "65090", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "", "formation": "Kirkwood", "member": "", "geological_group": "Uitenhage", "collection_name": "Bushmans River, Woodbury Farm", "collection_aka": "Iguanodonhoek, Iguanodon Hoek, Bushman's River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also called the \"Wood Bed\"", "geogcomments": "Bushmans River, near Woodbury Farm, Algoa Basin, Cape Province; probably one of the eroded gullies near the common boundary of the modern farms at Bushmans River and Hillneck, about 1.6 km S of Dassies Klip" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Paranthodon" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Stegosauridae", "genus:38813" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38813" ], "candidateIds": [ "38813" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "57426", "name": "Pararhabdodon", "displayName": "Pararhabdodon", "attribution": "Casanovas Cladellas 1992", "rawAttribution": "Casanovas Cladellas 1992", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57426", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Arenysaurini", "Pararhabdodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53394", "428181", "57426" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57426", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pararhabdodon", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57426" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "57426", "genus": "Pararhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "405243", "collectionId": "38893", "identifiedName": "Pararhabdodon isonense n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pararhabdodon isonensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54836", "collectionReferenceId": "9758", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "Talarn", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Sant Romà d'Abella (SRA)", "collection_aka": "Sant Romá de Abella, Barranco de la Llau de Doba, Sant Romà-2; Sant Roma d'Abella", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "70 m below late Maastrichtian limestones; in the \"Lower Red Garumnian\" strata", "geogcomments": "Sant Romà d'Abella (= Barranco de la Llau de Doba), near Isona, Tremp Basin, Lleida; left flank of the Barranco de la Posa, Dellà basin" }, { "genusId": "57426", "genus": "Pararhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "575459", "collectionId": "60474", "identifiedName": "Pararhabdodon isonensis", "acceptedName": "Pararhabdodon isonensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70303", "collectionReferenceId": "55388", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "La Posa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Sant Esteve de la Sarga, Moró", "collection_aka": "Tremp, Moror, Alsina, Alzina", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also referred to the Aren Fm and as \"Garumnian\"", "geogcomments": "in the town limits of Sant Esteve de la Sarga, 2 km SW of Moró, between the Noguera Pallaresa and Noguera Ribagorzana rivers. Probably the same as \"Alsina.\"" }, { "genusId": "57426", "genus": "Pararhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "632312", "collectionId": "67138", "identifiedName": "Koutalisaurus kohlerorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pararhabdodon isonensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19486", "collectionReferenceId": "10512", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "Conques", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Les Llaus (LL)", "collection_aka": "Abella de la Conca", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from the \"Lower Red Garumnian\"\r\nThe Conques Formation is equivalent to the \"lower Red Garumen\" facies. The Conques Formation was previously assigned a late maastrichtian age (Sellés and Villa 2015; Villa et al. 2015) Biostratigraphy and Sr stable isotope geochemistry suggest that the La Posa and Conques Formation are entirely early Maastrichtian, lying within chron C31r (see Caus et al. 2016; Oms et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2019).\r\nNow Chron C29r", "geogcomments": "Tremp Basin, near Isona and Sant Roma d'Abella" }, { "genusId": "57426", "genus": "Pararhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1159286", "collectionId": "148949", "identifiedName": "Pararhabdodon isomensis", "acceptedName": "Pararhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47749", "collectionReferenceId": "47749", "cc": "ES", "state": "Lleida", "county": "", "formation": "Conques", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Serrat del Rostiar 1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Mid-lower part of the ‘lower red unit’\r\n\r\nThe Conques Formation is equivalent to the \"lower Red Garumen\" facies. The Conques Formation was previously assigned a late maastrichtian age (Sellés and Villa 2015; Villa et al. 2015) Biostratigraphy and Sr stable isotope geochemistry suggest that the La Posa and Conques Formation are entirely early Maastrichtian, lying within chron C31r (see Caus et al. 2016; Oms et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2019).", "geogcomments": "2km SE of Barranc de Torrebilles locality" }, { "genusId": "57426", "genus": "Pararhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1159291", "collectionId": "148953", "identifiedName": "? Pararhabdodon isonensis", "acceptedName": "Pararhabdodon isonensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86063", "collectionReferenceId": "55400", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "Conques", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Basturs Poble", "collection_aka": "BP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Upper part of the ‘lower red unit’, upper C31r (upper lower Maastrichtian).\r\n= Lower Red Garumnian, now Chron C29r (??)", "geogcomments": "300 m west of the village of Basturs (Isona i Conca Dellà Municipality, Lleida Province, Catalonia, Spain). U. T.M. coordinates are X: 335283, Y: 4668339, Z: 620 m." }, { "genusId": "57426", "genus": "Pararhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1433448", "collectionId": "171099", "identifiedName": "Pararhabdodon isonensis", "acceptedName": "Pararhabdodon isonensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68006", "collectionReferenceId": "54956", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "Conques", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Les Llaus de la Doba", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower red unit\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "57426", "genus": "Pararhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1528494", "collectionId": "171102", "identifiedName": "Pararhabdodon isonense", "acceptedName": "Pararhabdodon isonensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73885", "collectionReferenceId": "54956", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "Talarn", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Tossal de la Doba", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Dalla Vecchia 2020 locates this in the Talarn Fm.", "geogcomments": "Tossal de la Doba hill, 3.5 km ENE of Basturs Poble" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "The failure of Koutalisaurus does not make its jaw a Pararhabdodon specimen. Pararhabdodon retains its own diagnosed material.", "references": [ { "id": "prietomarquez2013", "title": "Diversity, Relationships, and Biogeography of the Lambeosaurine Dinosaurs from the European Archipelago, with Description of the New Aralosaurin Canardia garonnensis", "publicationYear": 2013, "publicationDate": "2013-07-26", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0069835", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069835", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Koutalisaurus / Les Llaus dentary comparison", "Systematics", "Taxonomic discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Arenysaurini", "Pararhabdodon" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Lambeosaurinae", "clade:Arenysaurini", "genus:57426" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "candidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38766", "name": "Parasaurolophus", "displayName": "Parasaurolophus", "attribution": "Parks 1922", "rawAttribution": "Parks 1922", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38766", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Parasaurolophini", "Parasaurolophus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53394", "104782", "38766" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38766", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Parasaurolophus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38766" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/parasaurolophus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "467016", "collectionId": "46333", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus walkeri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus walkeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12350", "collectionReferenceId": "12350", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 12, middle branch, Sand Creek (125 ft level) [ROM]", "collection_aka": "ROM, Sternberg Quarry 87, Parasaurolophus type, U.T.7", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm., actually from near base of Dinosaur Park Fm.", "geogcomments": "badlands of Red Deer River, middle branch of coulee below Sand Creek, 125 feet (aneroid) above river, about 0.5 miles W of Crown & 10 miles below Steveville; E 1/2, sec 5, T21, R11, LSD 4" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "475310", "collectionId": "47193", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12618", "collectionReferenceId": "12618", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Hunter Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 365, Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. assigned to Fruitland Fm.", "geogcomments": "Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash (Ah-shi-sle-pah Wilderness Area)" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "477085", "collectionId": "47201", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus tubicen", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus tubicen", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12626", "collectionReferenceId": "14762", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-3347", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"approximately 9.3 m (30 feet) below the base of the lower conglomerate (contact between the upper De-na-zin Member and lower Naashoibito Member and 13.1m (41 feet) below the base of the upper conglomerate contact of the upper Naashoibito Member and the lower part of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone).\"", "geogcomments": "tributary of Hunter Wash, San Juan Basin" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "487148", "collectionId": "48839", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55658", "collectionReferenceId": "38106", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cein, Bisti (USNM)", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 46; 6 Miles North of Hunter's Store", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "could be from the Hunter Wash Member (conjectural)", "geogcomments": "T25N, R13W; at Cein, 6 miles N of Hunter's store (Bisti Post Office)" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "507858", "collectionId": "51534", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13707", "collectionReferenceId": "13707", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Coal Creek [FMNH]", "collection_aka": "8 miles southeast of Tsaya", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Disagreement as to whether it comes from the upper Fruitland Fm. or the lower Kirtland Fm., but Gates et al. (2021) argue for the former", "geogcomments": "near Coal Creek, ca. 8 mi SE of Tsaya (distinct from Coal Creek 10 mi N of Tsaya, San Juan Co.); though note that this might be wrong, with Gates et al. (2021) stating that it should be eight miles.\r\n- NE of Tsaya instead, so in San Juan Co. and not McKinley Co. as orig. reported." }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "513752", "collectionId": "52060", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14858", "collectionReferenceId": "13948", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Henryville Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Within the lower third of the Kaiparowits Formation. This unit lies beneath the Eocene Wasatch Formation and above the lower Campanian Wahweap Formation.", "geogcomments": "Henryville Creek. R1W, T36S, no section given." }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "527953", "collectionId": "53896", "identifiedName": "? Parasaurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12626", "collectionReferenceId": "12626", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bisti Trading Post, MNA 230", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "527958", "collectionId": "53899", "identifiedName": "cf. Parasaurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12626", "collectionReferenceId": "12626", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-3530", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "534509", "collectionId": "55295", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus tubicen n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus tubicen", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28704", "collectionReferenceId": "28704", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "De-na-zin Wash", "collection_aka": "Parasaurolophus tubicen type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. assigned to Naashoibito Member.", "geogcomments": "Barrel Springs area, San Juan County (T24N, R11W)" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "540302", "collectionId": "56385", "identifiedName": "? Parasaurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15088", "collectionReferenceId": "15088", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland/Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UTEP Loc. 30, Tanner Lake", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T23N, R13W, sec. 11" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "565100", "collectionId": "59019", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus walkeri", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus walkeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16964", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 84, Little Sandhill Creek", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 44, U.A.4", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 35, T20N, R12W, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "590221", "collectionId": "62317", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18015", "collectionReferenceId": "18015", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Hunter Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fossil Forest, NMMNH L-4015", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Pretty Rock quad, Fossil Forest; incorrectly listed as NMMNH L-4050 in ref 18015" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "709882", "collectionId": "76055", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25745", "collectionReferenceId": "12053", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "2 miles S of Little Sandhill Creek [NMC]", "collection_aka": "Sand Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "likely from Dinosaur Park Fm., but some possibility that it came from the uppermost Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "2 miles S of the mouth of Little Sandhill Creek" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1099037", "collectionId": "138835", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus tubicen", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus tubicen", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55658", "collectionReferenceId": "44514", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 319a, Hunter Wash", "collection_aka": "De-na-zin", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Based on coordinates for SMP Loc. 319. Located in the East Branch of Hunter Wash, in the Bist/De-na-zin Wilderness" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1284883", "collectionId": "47821", "identifiedName": "cf. Parasaurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55658", "collectionReferenceId": "12808", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 362", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "E branch, Hunter Wash" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1284964", "collectionId": "171030", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus cf. tubicen", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus tubicen", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55658", "collectionReferenceId": "55658", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 309a", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "general location only" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1284965", "collectionId": "171030", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55658", "collectionReferenceId": "55658", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 309a", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "general location only" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1550677", "collectionId": "219012", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75868", "collectionReferenceId": "75868", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DMNH Loc. 7047", "collection_aka": "Bisti/Den-na-zin Wilderness", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper third of the Fossil Forest Member, dated to the Upper Campanian, stratigraphically lower than Ash 2 of Fassett & Steiner (1997) dated to 75.02 ± 0.04 Ma", "geogcomments": "DMNH Loc. 7047, in the Bisti/Den-Na- Zin Wilderness, San Juan County, northwestern New Mexico" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1609607", "collectionId": "227685", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82936", "collectionReferenceId": "16964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 206", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower half of formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38766", "genus": "Parasaurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1636849", "collectionId": "232050", "identifiedName": "Parasaurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Parasaurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86072", "collectionReferenceId": "86072", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RAM V200921, GS-ENM [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper portion of the middle unit of the Kaiparowits Formation", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Parasaurolophini", "Parasaurolophus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; 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direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Thescelosauridae", "clade:Thescelosaurinae", "genus:38739" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494305", "38739", "38742" ], "candidateIds": [ "494305", "38739", "38742" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38565", "name": "Paronychodon", "displayName": "Paronychodon", "attribution": "Cope 1876", "rawAttribution": "Cope 1876", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38565", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Paronychodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "38565" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "This conservative unknown set prevents misleading carnivore certainty; it is not an assertion that herbivory or omnivory is demonstrated. Use another clue unless narrower reviewed anatomical evidence is supplied.; Coelurosauria/Paraves/Maniraptora alone is not a uniform ecological bracket. This task has no attributable genus-specific feeding evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38565", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia", "Europe" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "287917", "collectionId": "14557", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "774", "collectionReferenceId": "774", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Greasewood Creek", "collection_aka": "SDSM V-685", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from \"a blowout\"" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "292871", "collectionId": "27894", "identifiedName": "cf. Euronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7650", "collectionReferenceId": "7650", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Toteşti-baraj", "collection_aka": "Hateg Basin; Toteşti baraj, Totesti; To", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "assigned to Sânpetru Formation with reservation, due to differences in sedimentology. Age assignment accordingly subject to revision. at least 6 levels with dinosaur nests.", "geogcomments": "within streambed of Râul Mare River, near barrage of Totesti village, central Hateg Basin, northwestern South Carpathians, Romania" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "292872", "collectionId": "27894", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7650", "collectionReferenceId": "7650", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Toteşti-baraj", "collection_aka": "Hateg Basin; Toteşti baraj, Totesti; To", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "assigned to Sânpetru Formation with reservation, due to differences in sedimentology. Age assignment accordingly subject to revision. at least 6 levels with dinosaur nests.", "geogcomments": "within streambed of Râul Mare River, near barrage of Totesti village, central Hateg Basin, northwestern South Carpathians, Romania" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "383890", "collectionId": "36541", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9765", "collectionReferenceId": "9765", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hogback South, MNA Locality B", "collection_aka": "#88", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "within the upper 15.2 m of the Fruitland. Two fossil horizons, approx. 20cm apart.", "geogcomments": "In the Hogback South quadrangle T26N, R16W." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "383951", "collectionId": "36449", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9776", "collectionReferenceId": "9765", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hogback South, MNA Locality A", "collection_aka": "Fruitland Formation vertebrates, UCMP V-72090, MNA #16, HW#24\r\n", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "within the upper 15.2 m of the Fruitland", "geogcomments": "located in the Hogback South 7.5' quadrangle, T26N, R16W." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "388923", "collectionId": "28406", "identifiedName": "cf. Euronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9559", "collectionReferenceId": "55315", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Vitoria", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L1A", "collection_aka": "Laño Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in a sector of the south limb of the Miranda-Trevino syncline, level is also called L1A\r\nlower pat of subchron C32n\r\nAlso assigned to Sedano Fm. or its equivalent", "geogcomments": "approx 1 km. west of Laño, Spain, a disused sand quarry, Treviño, Burgos.\n\nThe Laño quarry is located between the villages of Laño and Albaina in the Condado de Treviño, an enclave of the province of Burgos that lies within Alava in the Basque Country, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "403140", "collectionId": "24563", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19445", "collectionReferenceId": "6907", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Guimarota", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two lignite coal layers wth vertebrate fossils. Dated as Oxfordian based on microflora, Kimmeridgian based on ostracods. Recent work (Schudack 1993) favors Kimmeridgian.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "457808", "collectionId": "45098", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V91007, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -80.16, K-T section 9906, ", "geogcomments": "approx. NW 1/4, sec. 32, R106W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "457818", "collectionId": "45099", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V89004, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -81.68, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "approx. NW 1/4, sec. 32, R106W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "457843", "collectionId": "14610", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "1984", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "PTRM V92067", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -36.18, K-T seection 9317", "geogcomments": "Little Missouri Badlands" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "457864", "collectionId": "45102", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V89003", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -89.40, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "approx. at center of S edge of sec. 24, R105W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "457882", "collectionId": "45109", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88018, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -14.27, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "457904", "collectionId": "45111", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V87012, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -9.85, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "457948", "collectionId": "45118", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88004, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -10.61, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "457988", "collectionId": "45128", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V92002", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -40.00, K-T seection 9735", "geogcomments": "T134N,R106W,sec24 , approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "458205", "collectionId": "45137", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V98027, Cannonball Creek", "collection_aka": "NDGS L226", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -10.62, K-T section 9909", "geogcomments": "T134N,R106W,sec5, approx. center E" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "458259", "collectionId": "45144", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V86002, East Marmarth", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -29.18, K-T section 86148", "geogcomments": "T133N,R105W,sec17, approx. S center" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "458289", "collectionId": "45145", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V87006, East Marmarth", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -28.00, K-T section 86148", "geogcomments": "T133N,R105W,sec17, approx. center" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "459865", "collectionId": "45299", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V95016, Cannonball Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -8.85, K-T section 9612", "geogcomments": "T135N,R106W,sec33, approx. SW 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "460504", "collectionId": "45390", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "PTRM V92025, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -73.00, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "2 miles south of Doaks Butte, ND" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "460753", "collectionId": "45437", "identifiedName": "? Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56091", "collectionReferenceId": "17660", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Huesca", "formation": "La Posa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Blasi 2, Arén", "collection_aka": "Blasi 2a, 2b", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part; 6.5 m interval; upper part of chron c30n, 65.6-68.7 mya\r\nThe Conques Formation is equivalent to the \"lower Red Garumen\" facies. The Conques Formation was previously assigned a late maastrichtian age (Sellés and Villa 2015; Villa et al. 2015) Biostratigraphy and Sr stable isotope geochemistry suggest that the La Posa and Conques Formation are entirely early Maastrichtian, lying within chron C31r (see Caus et al. 2016; Oms et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2019).\r\nActually the \"Grey Garumnian\" = La Posa Fm.", "geogcomments": "on N limb of Tremp syncline, near Arén, Huesca, S-central Pyrenees, Spain; Includes Blasi 2a and 2b sites." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "461732", "collectionId": "45560", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Suffield Pumping Station Site, RTMP L1123", "collection_aka": "SPS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation; immediately below Taber Coal", "geogcomments": "LSD 13, Sec. 11, Tp. 13, Rg. 9, W 4; South Saskatchewan River area" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "461779", "collectionId": "45561", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Pinhorn Range #2, RTMP L1124", "collection_aka": "PHR-2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper unit of formation", "geogcomments": "LSD 4, Sec. 22, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "461916", "collectionId": "45566", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Wendy's Site, RTMP L1127", "collection_aka": "WS, Pinhorn Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower unit of formation; about 10 m above Taber Coal Zone", "geogcomments": "LSD 5, Sec. 7, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee/Pinhorn Ranch, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "462907", "collectionId": "45670", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Pinhorn South Site, RTMP L1129", "collection_aka": "PHS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower unit of formation; 35 m above top of Taber Coal Zone", "geogcomments": "LSD 2, Sec. 2, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "462941", "collectionId": "45671", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Prairie Level Site, RTMP L1130", "collection_aka": "PLS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit (upper unit of formation); 4.5 m below double bentonite at top of section", "geogcomments": "LSD 6, Sec. 36, T1, R6, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "462977", "collectionId": "45674", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hanna's Ankylosaur Site, RTMP L1131", "collection_aka": "HAS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit (upper member); 14.5 m below the double bentonite layers of the section", "geogcomments": "LSD 10, Sec. 36, T1, R6, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "463821", "collectionId": "45819", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hanna's Site, RTMP L1132", "collection_aka": "HS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit; middle unit of Oldman (but estimated)", "geogcomments": "LSD *, Sec 34, T2, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "463883", "collectionId": "45820", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Pinhorn Range #93-2, RTMP L1133", "collection_aka": "PHR 93-2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower unit of formation; 24.5 m above top of Taber Coal Zone", "geogcomments": "LSD 13, Sec 23, T2, R7, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "463924", "collectionId": "45821", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Confluence Site, RTMP L1134", "collection_aka": "CS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit, middle unit of formation; horizon estimated", "geogcomments": "LSD 9, Sec 34, T2, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "463955", "collectionId": "45822", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Salamander Site, RTMP L1135", "collection_aka": "Sal S", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit, upper part of formation; 20-30 m above middle unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 9, Sec 35, T1, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "464337", "collectionId": "13142", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4381", "collectionReferenceId": "4377", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone County", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bug Creek Anthills", "collection_aka": "Bug Creek, BCA, OMNH V1173", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper 1/3 of formation, 80 ft below coal bed", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 and SW 1/4, Sec. 9, T 22 N, R 43 E. Near Fort Peck Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "464376", "collectionId": "14514", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1129", "collectionReferenceId": "1129", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Sweetwater", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Robber's Roost (UW V-79032)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-84215, Black Butte", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, SE 1/4, NE 1/4 of Sec 3, T18N, R100W" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "464438", "collectionId": "14549", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12202", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 5", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73087; UWBM C1614; UCMP V73087", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "464638", "collectionId": "45892", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Cecil Nesmo's #2, RTMP L1136", "collection_aka": "CN-2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "4.5 m above the uppermost sandstone sheet of the middle unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 12, Sec 35, T1, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "464712", "collectionId": "45894", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Old Road Site, RTMP L1138", "collection_aka": "ORS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "7 m below base of upper unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 10, Sec 35, T1, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "464828", "collectionId": "45899", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Big Muddy-Channel Site, RTMP L1141", "collection_aka": "BMC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "17 m below the double bentonite at the top of the section; Nesmo's unit; upper member of formation", "geogcomments": "LSD 5, Sec 31, T1, R5, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "468943", "collectionId": "14446", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3008", "collectionReferenceId": "3008", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Chouteau", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Clambank Hollow Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "40 feet below top of formation; Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec 31, T24N, R17E; in a small creek running parallel to an E-W dirt road N of the silos of the Halley ranch." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "483621", "collectionId": "14513", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Billy Creek 2", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-75173", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "487824", "collectionId": "14519", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bushy Tailed Blowout", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5711 (BTB locality)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "487884", "collectionId": "14534", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Engdahl Anthills 2", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73076", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "487978", "collectionId": "14533", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Engdahl Anthills 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72212", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "488087", "collectionId": "14549", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 5", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73087; UWBM C1614; UCMP V73087", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "488178", "collectionId": "14566", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mammal Quarry No. 2 (UCMP V-5815)", "collection_aka": "Lance Quarry 2, Hatcher No. 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on W side of an erosional remnant near center of large blowout on crest of ridge, 150 yds N of road (from which point the Johnson Ranch is 0.4 mi. away). 200 yds N80°E of benchmark Q-100." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "488228", "collectionId": "14568", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hauso 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-77130, UWBM C1917", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "488297", "collectionId": "14582", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Lead Slug Hill 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72208", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "488353", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "488365", "collectionId": "14654", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Windy Hill", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72207", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "489028", "collectionId": "14516", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "962", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bug Creek Anthills (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-65127, V-70201", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "489047", "collectionId": "14650", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Up-Up-The Creek 3 (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-87038 (in part)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "489051", "collectionId": "14651", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Up-The Creek (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-84151 (in part)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "489433", "collectionId": "49276", "identifiedName": "Euronychodon portucalensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25628", "collectionReferenceId": "70676", "cc": "PT", "state": "Coimbra", "county": "", "formation": "Argilas de Aveiro", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "\"Cerâmica do Mondego\" quarry, Taveiro", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "bed TV 18", "geogcomments": "\"Cerâmica do Mondego\" quarry, Taveiro, vilage in Coimbra district" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "491324", "collectionId": "22679", "identifiedName": "\"Paronychodon\" sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13288", "collectionReferenceId": "62832", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Robison Eggshell Site (CM)", "collection_aka": "Egg Shell Quarry; OMNH V820", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Tucker et al. 2020: sedimentary history of the Mussentuchit Member within the region of Mussentuchit Wash, Central Utah and compare these data with previous approaches. This study finds that emplacement of contemporaneous volcanilithics occurred in two distinct phases. The first phase occurred no older than 96 Ma, and a subsequent younger phase occurred no older than 94 Ma.\r\n\r\nA radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. ", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "520773", "collectionId": "53148", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14367", "collectionReferenceId": "8702", "cc": "RU", "state": "Krasnoyarsk", "county": "Emelyanovo", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bol'shoi Kemchug 3 (TGU)", "collection_aka": "Bol'shoy Kemchug, BK-3, LMCCE 005", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Right bank of Bol'shoy Kemchug River, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Chulym River Basin, W Siberia. 56° 31' 38\"N, 91° 48' 49\"E" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "541276", "collectionId": "56616", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15088", "collectionReferenceId": "15088", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland/Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "KU 17", "collection_aka": "KUVP-17", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec. 29, T24N, R13W; north side of Hunter's Wash" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "545994", "collectionId": "57166", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fish Tooth Hill, UCMP V-5918", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "559683", "collectionId": "58168", "identifiedName": "Euronychodon asiaticus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "38131", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-14, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk; Dzhara-Kuduk, Dzhirakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk, Kul’beke, TsBI-14", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 57 m above the base of the formation", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area, 32 km SW of Mynbulak" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "566030", "collectionId": "59269", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16947", "collectionReferenceId": "25139", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Bouches-du-Rhône", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Neuve", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "a subhorizontal layer in the Arc syncline; terminal/upper \"Begudian\"; no formation name given; middle Campanian following Fondevilla et al. (2019)", "geogcomments": "along a railway cutting along route D6 from Trets to Saint-Maximin, in the Arc syncline, Trets region" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "575884", "collectionId": "60563", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17404", "collectionReferenceId": "17404", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "RTMP L2000, Horsethief Canyon", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Horsethief Canyon, near Drumheller in the Red Deer Valley" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "582738", "collectionId": "61319", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17686", "collectionReferenceId": "18607", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cuenca", "county": "", "formation": "La Huérguina", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Uña", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also called the \"Uña Formation\"", "geogcomments": "E-central spain, 40 km NE of Cuenca. On the upper course of the Jucar River, 20 km from Las Hoyas" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "582746", "collectionId": "61321", "identifiedName": "cf. Euronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17647", "collectionReferenceId": "85557", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Santibañez del Val", "member": "Calizas de Lychnus", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quintanilla del Coco", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from basal part of formation; late Maastrichtian following Fondevilla et al. (2019); Lychnus Limestone unit, lower part of the Santibañez del Val Formation", "geogcomments": "SE Burgos province, near village of Quintanilla del Coco, El Molino section of formation, S bank of rio Mataviejas" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "584130", "collectionId": "59373", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17718", "collectionReferenceId": "92794", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR TM-013, Landslide Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec. 27, T37N, R8W" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "586541", "collectionId": "14458", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17857", "collectionReferenceId": "2237", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Natrona", "formation": "Mesaverde", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fales Rocks 1", "collection_aka": "UW V-81006; UCMP V-81101", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "now dated to upper middle Campanian", "geogcomments": "below top of SW slope of hill 6450 (Garfield Park Quad, 1959, 7.5 min.), in NE 1/4, SW 1/4, SW 1/4, Se 1/4, sec 4, T33N, R87W. 37 m SE of Barwin Quarry." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "586551", "collectionId": "14433", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17857", "collectionReferenceId": "2237", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Natrona", "formation": "Mesaverde", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Barwin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "now dated to upper middle Campanian", "geogcomments": "37 m NW of Fales Rocks" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "627844", "collectionId": "45240", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 105", "collection_aka": "Dave's II, Bonebed 105, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "627853", "collectionId": "47795", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Ankylosaur-rich Site, RTMP BB 103", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, Bonebed 103, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "627862", "collectionId": "47794", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "New Campsite Locality, RTMP BB 100", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 100, RTMP L0406", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "628083", "collectionId": "47816", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 31, DPP", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 31", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "628090", "collectionId": "45264", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 86", "collection_aka": "DPP, Bonebed 86, TMP loc. L0086", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\"", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "628098", "collectionId": "45262", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sid's Site, RTMP BB 51", "collection_aka": "DPP, Bonebed 51", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meters above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\"", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "628122", "collectionId": "22698", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 104", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1573, Bonebed 104, U-2, TMP loc. L0401", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "628133", "collectionId": "22695", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Francois Site, RTMP BB 106", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1570, Bonebed 106", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "628136", "collectionId": "47814", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 54", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, Bonebed 54, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "628148", "collectionId": "22696", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Peter's Site, RTMP BB 94", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1571, Bonebed 94", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "628153", "collectionId": "47784", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "One Tree Creek, RTMP BB 108", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 108", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "629797", "collectionId": "67874", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP L1122, Ryan's", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5622950 N, 473100 E" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "629920", "collectionId": "67881", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hilda #1, South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTm 12. 5698800 N, 542700 E" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "629935", "collectionId": "67882", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hilda #2, South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTm 12. 5698500 N, 542700 E" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "629944", "collectionId": "67883", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hilda #3, South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTm 12. 5590700 N, 543400 E" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "629952", "collectionId": "67884", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "S.P. #2, South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "Sandy Point #2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTm 12. 5620200 N, 564300 E, N of Medicine Hat" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "629985", "collectionId": "67893", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 78", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 78, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5624670 N, 467730 E" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "629995", "collectionId": "67894", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 117", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 117, DPP, Dave's Site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5622680 N, 463750 E" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "632209", "collectionId": "68007", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon cf. lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19433", "collectionReferenceId": "19433", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 113, Dawson Creek", "collection_aka": "VL-113, Running Lizard", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "Dawson Creek area, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "650689", "collectionId": "14540", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "1419", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ferris Formation (UW V-92010)", "collection_aka": "Deja Vu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "650717", "collectionId": "70343", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ferris Formation (UW V-93012)", "collection_aka": "Rat Thing Ridge", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "682914", "collectionId": "73612", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24682", "collectionReferenceId": "24682", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Cifelli #2 Eolambia caroljonesa Quarry (22.2)", "collection_aka": "CEUM locality 42em432v, Eolambia II, Eo2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "260 m N of a section taken in sec 28, T24S, R6E; at 38° 41' 17.34\" N, 111° 15' 41.16\" W" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "700678", "collectionId": "75280", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-91009, Ray's Palate Locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "700739", "collectionId": "75287", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93036, All Jaelyn's Fault", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "702689", "collectionId": "75429", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-92018, Tooth and Nail Locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "790050", "collectionId": "85498", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28887", "collectionReferenceId": "28887", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Conor's Microsite (CM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "near Fort Peck Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "790073", "collectionId": "85499", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28887", "collectionReferenceId": "28887", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UCMP V99370, Just Past Celeste's Microsite", "collection_aka": "JPC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "near Fort Peck Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "900931", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "900932", "collectionId": "14549", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 5", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73087; UWBM C1614; UCMP V73087", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "900933", "collectionId": "14646", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Up-Up-The Creek 1 (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-87034 (in part)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "900934", "collectionId": "14505", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "3880", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altman Blowout", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5616", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from a single blowout", "geogcomments": "\"Altman property, on the Lance Creek-Crazy Woman Creek divide, east of the Lance Creek-Hampshire road, 17.3 miles by road north of Lance Creek\"; coordinate based on Lance Creek (not the town) - changed to coordinates from UCMP database" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "900935", "collectionId": "14566", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mammal Quarry No. 2 (UCMP V-5815)", "collection_aka": "Lance Quarry 2, Hatcher No. 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on W side of an erosional remnant near center of large blowout on crest of ridge, 150 yds N of road (from which point the Johnson Ranch is 0.4 mi. away). 200 yds N80°E of benchmark Q-100." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "900936", "collectionId": "14575", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Juniper Tree West (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-87151 (in part)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "900937", "collectionId": "14647", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Up-Up-The Creek 1A (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-87035 (in part)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "970482", "collectionId": "67818", "identifiedName": "Euronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37254", "collectionReferenceId": "19377", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vălioara-Budurone (VB)", "collection_aka": "Vălioara Budurone; Valioara; Valiora", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "SW of village of Valioara, along upstream half of Budurone Creek, an ephemeral left-side tributary of Valioara (Fantanle) Creek" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "970505", "collectionId": "26369", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37256", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nălaţ-Vad", "collection_aka": "Nalat-Vad; Nalatvad; Râul Mare River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower to middle part of the upper Maastricthtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\"Râul Mare beds\", possibly upper section of ? Sînpetru Fm. or the Densus-Ciula Fm.\r\n\"can be considered as slightly older than at Totesti-baraj\"; at least 7 horizons with eggs at the site.\r\nalso listed as early Maastrichtian Sînpetru Formation", "geogcomments": "Nalatvad (Nalat-Vad), in the Râul Mare Valley, 3 km downstream from Totesti-baaraj and between villages of Nalat and Vad. Three fossiliferous \"pockets\" at this locality." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1073873", "collectionId": "53921", "identifiedName": "aff. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42977", "collectionReferenceId": "19727", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Teruel", "formation": "Blesa", "member": "Cabezo Gordo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Cantalera 1, Josa", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Calizas y Margas de Blesa\"; facies C\r\nLowest part of the lower Blesa Formation (Badiola et al 2012)", "geogcomments": "situated in the SW of Josa, northern Teruel Province, Aragon, NE Spain in the valley of the river La Cantalera, Oliete sub-basin (\"cubete\")" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1081359", "collectionId": "135739", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43426", "collectionReferenceId": "43426", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Morrin/Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "TMP NL-4", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from Drumheller Marine Tongue, Unit 2\r\n\r\nDrumheller Marine Tongue section spans Morrin/Tolman contact zone and has been dated to 70.896+/0.048Ma. For revised age stratigraphy of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, see Eberth and Braman 2012 and Eberth et al. 2020", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection #52468, near Dry Island, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1171238", "collectionId": "14565", "identifiedName": "Tripriodon caperatus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14177", "collectionReferenceId": "83600", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mammal Quarry No. 1 (UCMP V-5003)", "collection_aka": "Lance Quarry 1; Hatcher No. 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along small tributary on E side of Lance Creek" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1171267", "collectionId": "14586", "identifiedName": "Tripriodon caperatus", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14177", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mammal Quarry No. 4", "collection_aka": "Lance Quarry 4, Lull's Locality 4, Hatcher No. 4", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on W side of Buck Creek" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1202197", "collectionId": "154425", "identifiedName": "\"Paronychodon\" sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "50161", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Hunter Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH Loc. 3490", "collection_aka": "Hunter Wash", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Location based on local fauna" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1202227", "collectionId": "154425", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "50161", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Hunter Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH Loc. 3490", "collection_aka": "Hunter Wash", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Location based on local fauna" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1205229", "collectionId": "156148", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "50790", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fossil Forest Quarry 1 (NMMNH L-4276)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Pretty Rock quadrangle" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1237862", "collectionId": "53050", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52782", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "North Baby Butte, Devil's Coulee", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "At Devil's Coulee, near Warner, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1350468", "collectionId": "183109", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61095", "collectionReferenceId": "61095", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Powder River", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lane's Little Jaw Site", "collection_aka": "LLJS Quarry; LACM 7942", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "upper Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1409254", "collectionId": "14537", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry, SDSM loc. V637", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1409286", "collectionId": "192251", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry anthills", "collection_aka": "SDSM V638, V639, V640, V644, V645, V646", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs, ca. 100 ft. downslope of Eureka Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1434540", "collectionId": "200123", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68173", "collectionReferenceId": "68173", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NCPALEOUT18, Cliffs of Insanity Microsite", "collection_aka": "COI, UT-14-08-05-Z1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member\r\nA radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "This site occurs in a restricted section of outcrop to the west of currently sampled localities, capturing microhabitat variation that adds critical information to the standing biodiversity during this transition period and new information on the timing and pattern of Laurasian exchange" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1552456", "collectionId": "219134", "identifiedName": "? Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75996", "collectionReferenceId": "75996", "cc": "JP", "state": "Fukui", "county": "Ishitsiru", "formation": "Itsuki", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tetori", "collection_name": "Taniyamadani, Loc. 1", "collection_aka": "Taniyama", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the forest road along the valley mountain valley in the Itoshiro Shirakawa area, and around the forest valley in the upper half of the original area." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1553452", "collectionId": "97948", "identifiedName": "Euronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76092", "collectionReferenceId": "33860", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Scoabă", "collection_aka": "Scoaba; Sânpetru-Scoabă, Sibişel Valley, SS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of the lower (but not basalmost) Maastrichtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\r\n\"Several vertebrate remains were discovered at different stratigraphic levels during the recent years in the Scoaba locality....As FGGUB R.1957 was found as a loose element, at the base of the section, its exact provenance is unknown\"", "geogcomments": "The Scoaba locality is situated in the lower part of the outcropping sequence, on the left side of the Sibişel Valley, includes several smaller excavations" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1553477", "collectionId": "219177", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76092", "collectionReferenceId": "65862", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fărcădeana Brook, Negoiu village (subunit B2)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from unnamed rock unit - Subunit B2 of Csiki-Sava et al. (2016) and estimated as middle to early late Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "left bank of Fărcădeana Brook, in Negoiu village" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1553674", "collectionId": "148950", "identifiedName": "aff. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76122", "collectionReferenceId": "55400", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "Talarn", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Moli del Baró-1", "collection_aka": "Molí del Baró-1, Molí de Baró", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper part of the ‘lower red unit’\r\nTalarn Formation; lower half of Chron C29r\r\nPreviously assigned to the Conques Formation, equivalent to the \"lower Red Garumen\" facies. The Conques Formation was previously assigned a late maastrichtian age (Sellés and Villa 2015; Villa et al. 2015) Biostratigraphy and Sr stable isotope geochemistry suggest that the La Posa and Conques Formation are entirely early Maastrichtian, lying within chron C31r (see Caus et al. 2016; Oms et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2019).", "geogcomments": "3km E of Serrat del Rostiar 1 locality" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1570389", "collectionId": "221768", "identifiedName": "cf. Euronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46349", "collectionReferenceId": "46349", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Cărare, Sânpetru", "collection_aka": "La Carare, Sanpetru, SC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S of Sânpetru, Hateg Basin, western Romania" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1585976", "collectionId": "58208", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon asiaticus", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon asiaticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "25546", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SH-20, Khodzhakul", "collection_aka": "Khodja-Kull; SKh-20, CX-20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower/middle part of the formation. Upper Albian in Averianov (2001), but Early Cenomanian in more recent papers.", "geogcomments": "escarpment along NE shores of lake Khodja-Kul (Khodzhakul; now dried up), N of the Sultan-uis-dag, SW Kyzyl-Kum Desert, Karakalpakistan" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1585978", "collectionId": "64684", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon asiaticus", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon asiaticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "38131", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SSHD-8, Sheikhdzheili", "collection_aka": "SSHD-8 Sheikdzheili", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the formation - redeposited into late Paleocene beds", "geogcomments": "N end of Sheikhdzheili Range, SW Kyzylkum Desert, Karakalpakistan" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1585980", "collectionId": "46959", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon asiaticus", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon asiaticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "64195", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CDZh-17a, Dzharakuduk II, Kulbeke", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 26 m above base\r\n\r\nAlso described as Taykarshinskaya beds.", "geogcomments": "Dzhyrakuduk (Dzharakuduk), near Bukhara, central Kyzylkum Desert, Kulbeke spring" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1585982", "collectionId": "58166", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon asiaticus", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon asiaticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-5a, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, TsBI-5a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 67 m above the base of the formation, 10 m above CBI-14", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1585984", "collectionId": "58165", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon asiaticus", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon asiaticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-4, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk ", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 52 m above the base of the formation", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1585990", "collectionId": "224060", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon asiaticus", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon asiaticus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "46400", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Uchkuduk IV (UCH-4)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in central Kyzylkum" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1588356", "collectionId": "28406", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80599", "collectionReferenceId": "55315", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Vitoria", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L1A", "collection_aka": "Laño Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in a sector of the south limb of the Miranda-Trevino syncline, level is also called L1A\r\nlower pat of subchron C32n\r\nAlso assigned to Sedano Fm. or its equivalent", "geogcomments": "approx 1 km. west of Laño, Spain, a disused sand quarry, Treviño, Burgos.\n\nThe Laño quarry is located between the villages of Laño and Albaina in the Condado de Treviño, an enclave of the province of Burgos that lies within Alava in the Basque Country, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1588391", "collectionId": "224480", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80600", "collectionReferenceId": "80600", "cc": "AT", "state": "Styria", "county": "Landl", "formation": "Schönleiten", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Akogl private road, Gams bei Hieflau", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Gosau Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Akogl private road,ca. 25 m W of its first turn, E of Gams bei Hieflau" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1588435", "collectionId": "193942", "identifiedName": "cf. Euronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80606", "collectionReferenceId": "80606", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "New Vălioara-Fântânele 2 (VF2)", "collection_aka": "Valioara-Fantanele 2; Valiora", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "near village of Valioara, left slope of Fântânele Creek, near original VF2 site" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1588491", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1620165", "collectionId": "229119", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "50790", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-4062 [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "UNM V-072", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1630012", "collectionId": "14414", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85384", "collectionReferenceId": "1412", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Straight Cliffs", "member": "Smoky Hollow", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MNA 995, Jimmy Canyon", "collection_aka": "OMNH V843; UMNH VP Loc. 129, Pardner Canyon, PC3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Turonian, from the \"Barren Beds\" in the middle of the member", "geogcomments": "Kaiparowits Plateau, near Henrieville; ca. 11.6 mi. E of Tropic on SR 12, on a bench directly N of the road" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "1630014", "collectionId": "14415", "identifiedName": "cf. Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85384", "collectionReferenceId": "1412", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Straight Cliffs", "member": "Smoky Hollow", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Smoky Hollow Member (OMNH V4)", "collection_aka": "MNA 1003-1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Turonian", "geogcomments": "Kaiparowits Plateau, near Henrieville" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "2054980", "collectionId": "277550", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94047", "collectionReferenceId": "94047", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Rio Blanco County", "formation": "Williams Fork", "member": "", "geological_group": "Mesaverde", "collection_name": "ReBecca's Hollow (UFHNH locality SCP 2019-2)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "ReBecca's Hollow, in badlands on Bureau of Land Management land, S of Rangely" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "2055028", "collectionId": "55363", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94047", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Albertosaurus Bonebed, Dry Island Buffalo Jump", "collection_aka": "Albertosaurus Quarry, Big Valley Creek, ABB, RTMP L2204", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from transition between Units 4 and 5, HCF \"B\", should be top of Tolman Mb.", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection # 52468, near Dry Island, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "2056660", "collectionId": "14422", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "1510", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-2)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-2, MR-02", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "2056665", "collectionId": "14423", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "1508", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-4)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-4, MR-04", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "2056676", "collectionId": "14425", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "1514", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-6)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-6, MR-06", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "2056684", "collectionId": "14426", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "1510", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-8)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-8, MR-08", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "2056691", "collectionId": "146190", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "County of Warner", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-9)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-9, MR-9A, MR-9B, MR-09, MR-9C, MR-9D", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River. Includes presumed sublocalities MR-9A, MR-9B, MR-9C, MR-9D" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "2056698", "collectionId": "277780", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "94184", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-10)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-10", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "2056704", "collectionId": "14427", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "1521", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-12)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-12", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "2056715", "collectionId": "14428", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "1173", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-20)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River" }, { "genusId": "38565", "genus": "Paronychodon", "occurrenceId": "2056729", "collectionId": "172615", "identifiedName": "Paronychodon lacustris", "acceptedName": "Paronychodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "94184", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (TMP/ROM general)", "collection_aka": "Verdigree Coulee", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Verdigris Coulee area" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Paronychodon" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "genus:38565" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "523883", "255864", "375979", "420731", "38565", "68247", "214885", "372484", "193133", "130179" ], "candidateIds": [ "375979", "38565" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "PT", "argilas de aveiro" ], "label": "Argilas de Aveiro Formation · PT", "occurrenceId": "489433", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Paronychodon" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Ostromia" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Caihong", "Changzhousaurus", "Eosinopteryx", "Overoraptor", "Pedopenna", "Pneumatoraptor", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia", "Zhongornis" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Paronychodon": [ "489433" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "375979", "38565" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68182", "name": "Parvicursor", "displayName": "Parvicursor", "attribution": "Karhu and Rautian 1996", "rawAttribution": "Karhu and Rautian 1996", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68182", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Parvicursorinae", "Parvicursor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "162354", "64116", "68181", "68182" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. Animal-based feeding is the broad guild; later derived small forms may specialise on insects. Insectivore is a qualified subtype, not proof of exclusively ants or termites. Explicit early-genus profiles override this rule.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55998", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pawpawsaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55998" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Pereda-Suberbiola & Barrett (1999), A systematic review of ankylosaurian dinosaur remains from the Albian-Cenomanian of England", "url": "https://palass.org/sites/default/files/media/publications/special_papers_in_palaeontology/number_60/SPP60_compressed_OCR_0.pdf", "access": "full paper pp.177-208; Anoplosaurus type locality and comparative introduction read" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "55998", "genus": "Pawpawsaurus", "occurrenceId": "373398", "collectionId": "5195", "identifiedName": "Pawpawsaurus campbelli n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pawpawsaurus campbelli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "312", "collectionReferenceId": "312", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Tarrant", "formation": "Paw Paw", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMU Loc. 263 (upper Paw Paw Fm.)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from the uppermost 3 m of the formation centered on about the 7 m level in the local section", "geogcomments": "coordinates given by ref 7836 but are approximate" }, { "genusId": "55998", "genus": "Pawpawsaurus", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "nodosauridae-5", "formation": "Paw Paw" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Pawpawsaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:55998" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "55998", "66851" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "paw paw", "texas" ], "label": "Paw Paw Formation · Texas · US", "occurrenceId": "373398", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pawpawsaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Texasetes" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pawpawsaurus": [ "373398" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "55998", "66851" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38570", "name": "Pectinodon", "displayName": "Pectinodon", "attribution": "Carpenter 1982", "rawAttribution": "Carpenter 1982", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38570", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Pectinodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "38570" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38570", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pectinodon", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38570" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38570", "genus": "Pectinodon", "occurrenceId": "464433", "collectionId": "14566", "identifiedName": "Pectinodon bakkeri", "acceptedName": "Pectinodon bakkeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12202", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mammal Quarry No. 2 (UCMP V-5815)", "collection_aka": "Lance Quarry 2, Hatcher No. 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on W side of an erosional remnant near center of large blowout on crest of ridge, 150 yds N of road (from which point the Johnson Ranch is 0.4 mi. away). 200 yds N80°E of benchmark Q-100." }, { "genusId": "38570", "genus": "Pectinodon", "occurrenceId": "464498", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "Pectinodon bakkeri", "acceptedName": "Pectinodon bakkeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12202", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38570", "genus": "Pectinodon", "occurrenceId": "483646", "collectionId": "14505", "identifiedName": "Pectinodon bakkeri", "acceptedName": "Pectinodon bakkeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "3880", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altman Blowout", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5616", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from a single blowout", "geogcomments": "\"Altman property, on the Lance Creek-Crazy Woman Creek divide, east of the Lance Creek-Hampshire road, 17.3 miles by road north of Lance Creek\"; coordinate based on Lance Creek (not the town) - changed to coordinates from UCMP database" }, { "genusId": "38570", "genus": "Pectinodon", "occurrenceId": "488090", "collectionId": "14549", "identifiedName": "cf. Pectinodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Pectinodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 5", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73087; UWBM C1614; UCMP V73087", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38570", "genus": "Pectinodon", "occurrenceId": "606273", "collectionId": "64684", "identifiedName": "Pectinodon asiamericanus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pectinodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "38153", "collectionReferenceId": "38131", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SSHD-8, Sheikhdzheili", "collection_aka": "SSHD-8 Sheikdzheili", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the formation - redeposited into late Paleocene beds", "geogcomments": "N end of Sheikhdzheili Range, SW Kyzylkum Desert, Karakalpakistan" }, { "genusId": "38570", "genus": "Pectinodon", "occurrenceId": "796335", "collectionId": "14519", "identifiedName": "Pectinodon bakkeri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pectinodon bakkeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12202", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bushy Tailed Blowout", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5711 (BTB locality)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38570", "genus": "Pectinodon", "occurrenceId": "900939", "collectionId": "14508", "identifiedName": "cf. Pectinodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Pectinodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Baldy Butte SW-Blazing Saddle", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-74116", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38570", "genus": "Pectinodon", "occurrenceId": "1350467", "collectionId": "183109", "identifiedName": "cf. Pectinodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Pectinodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61095", "collectionReferenceId": "61095", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Powder River", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lane's Little Jaw Site", "collection_aka": "LLJS Quarry; LACM 7942", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "upper Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38570", "genus": "Pectinodon", "occurrenceId": "1588490", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Pectinodon bakkeri", "acceptedName": "Pectinodon bakkeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Pectinodon" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "genus:38570" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "38570" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "lance" ], "label": "Lance Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "796335", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pectinodon" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides", "Daliansaurus", "Gobivenator", "Harenadraco", "Papiliovenator", "Sinusonasus", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pectinodon": [ "464433", "464498", "483646", "796335" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38570" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68247", "name": "Pedopenna", "displayName": "Pedopenna", "attribution": "Xu and Zhang 2005", "rawAttribution": "Xu and Zhang 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68247", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Pedopenna" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "68247" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "This conservative unknown set prevents misleading carnivore certainty; it is not an assertion that herbivory or omnivory is demonstrated. Use another clue unless narrower reviewed anatomical evidence is supplied.; Coelurosauria/Paraves/Maniraptora alone is not a uniform ecological bracket. This task has no attributable genus-specific feeding evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68247", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pedopenna", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68247" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68247", "genus": "Pedopenna", "occurrenceId": "537627", "collectionId": "27891", "identifiedName": "Pedopenna daohugouensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pedopenna daohugouensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14925", "collectionReferenceId": "47910", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Daohugou (IVPP collection)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Zhou et al (2013): \"The Daohugou site in the Tiaojishan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China; the locality was directly dated to be 165–164 million years (Myr) old\".\r\n\r\nOlder information: \"possible dates [range] from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. However, published radioisotopic [both 40Ar/39Ar and zircon U-Pb] dating results span... 152 to 168 Myr\" = Bathonian to Kimmeridgian (Zhang et al. 2008). Also referred to as Haifanggou Formation\r\n\r\n\"Several recent isotope datings, using both 40 Ar/39Ar and SHRIMP U-Pb methods, have indicated that the age of the (underlying) ignimbrite is between the late Middle Jurassic and early Late Jurassic, or 159-164 Ma. Therefore, the Daohugou Bed cannot be older than this age, and is not comparable to the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation\" (Wang et al. 2005). Unit is older than overlying Yixian Formation. Age is therefore constrained to Callovian-Barremian\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "Daohugou, Ningcheng county, eastern Nei Mongol (west of Liaoning province), northeastern China. 41°18.979 ′N, longitude 119°14.318′E" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Pedopenna" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "genus:68247" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "255864", "38565", "68247", "372484", "193133" ], "candidateIds": [ "68247" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "nei mongol" ], "label": "Nei Mongol · CN", "occurrenceId": "537627", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pedopenna" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Caihong", "Eosinopteryx", "Paronychodon", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pedopenna": [ "537627" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68247" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "248276", "name": "Pegomastax", "displayName": "Pegomastax", "attribution": "Sereno 2012", "rawAttribution": "Sereno 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=248276", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Heterodontosauridae", "Heterodontosaurinae", "Pegomastax" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "38722", "248277", "248276" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=248276", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pegomastax", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=248276" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "248276", "genus": "Pegomastax", "occurrenceId": "1092062", "collectionId": "85486", "identifiedName": "Pegomastax africanus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pegomastax africanus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "13194", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Herschel", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Krommespruit, Voisana", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Upper Elliot Fm. dated as Hettangian by McPhee et al. (2017)", "geogcomments": "N slopes of Krommespruit (Kromspruit) Mtn near Voisana (Voyzane), Herschel district. Includes locality \"Site 18a.\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Heterodontosauridae", "Heterodontosaurinae", "Pegomastax" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "path-audit-heterodontosauridae-ancestry", "rationale": "Apply the same published early ornithischian grade to core descendants and Eocursor; do not mix incompatible parents.", "references": [ { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Heterodontosauridae", "clade:Heterodontosaurinae", "genus:248276" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38723", "38725", "38727", "248276" ], "candidateIds": [ "38723", "38725", "38727", "248276" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64117", "name": "Pelecanimimus", "displayName": "Pelecanimimus", "attribution": "Pérez-Moreno et al. 1994", "rawAttribution": "Pérez-Moreno et al. 1994", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64117", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Ornithomimosauria", "Pelecanimimus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "55491", "64117" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Broad uncertainty only; use another more informative clue.; Early toothed ornithomimosaur: derived herbivory should not be projected with certainty", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] } ], "confidence": "low", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64117", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pelecanimimus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64117" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64117", "genus": "Pelecanimimus", "occurrenceId": "592562", "collectionId": "28006", "identifiedName": "Pelecanimimus polyodon n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pelecanimimus polyodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12449", "collectionReferenceId": "7671", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla-La Mancha", "county": "Cuenca", "formation": "La Huérguina", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Las Hoyas (MCCM collection)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "also called \"Calizas de La Huérgina Formation\" or \"La Huérgina Limestones Formations\"", "geogcomments": "La Cierva township, 20 km E of Cuenca, in the Castellana Branch of the Iberian Range" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Pelecanimimus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. Harpymimus assignment not a simple database error." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Ornithomimosauria", "genus:64117" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64117" ], "candidateIds": [ "64117" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66268", "name": "Pellegrinisaurus", "displayName": "Pellegrinisaurus", "attribution": "Salgado 1996", "rawAttribution": "Salgado 1996", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66268", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "71974", "66268" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66268", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pellegrinisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66268" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66268", "genus": "Pellegrinisaurus", "occurrenceId": "508143", "collectionId": "32339", "identifiedName": "Pellegrinisaurus powelli n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pellegrinisaurus powelli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13714", "collectionReferenceId": "63573", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "General Roca", "formation": "Allen", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Malargüe", "collection_name": "Cantera de la Pala Mécanica (MPCA)", "collection_aka": "Cinco Saltos, Lago Pellegrini", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The abelisaurid Abelisaurus comahuensis was long thought to come from the Anacleto Formation, from sedimentary beds near Pellegrini Lake (Heredia and Salgado 1999, Leanza et al., 2004). However, a recent communication referred Abelisaurus to the lower member of the Allen Formation (Delaloye and Garrido 2017). Nonetheless, Giannechini et al. (2015), following information from local farmers, raised the possibility that the Abelisaurus holotype does not come from Pellegrini Lake, and instead, belongs to a farm close to Salitral Moreno in which continental sediments from Allen Formation outcrops, however, as pointed out these authors there is no record or field notes to assert this line of evidence (Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "Lago Pellegrini stone quarries, Department of General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina, specifically the Cantera de la Pala Mécanica (now INDUPA) along the SW shore of the lake, a few km NE of Cinco Saltos" }, { "genusId": "66268", "genus": "Pellegrinisaurus", "occurrenceId": "508143", "collectionId": "32339", "identifiedName": "Pellegrinisaurus powelli n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pellegrinisaurus powelli", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13714", "collectionReferenceId": "63573", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "General Roca", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera de la Pala Mécanica (MPCA)", "collection_aka": "Cinco Saltos, Lago Pellegrini", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The abelisaurid Abelisaurus comahuensis was long thought to come from the Anacleto Formation, from sedimentary beds near Pellegrini Lake (Heredia and Salgado 1999, Leanza et al., 2004). However, a recent communication referred Abelisaurus to the lower member of the Allen Formation (Delaloye and Garrido 2017). Nonetheless, Giannechini et al. (2015), following information from local farmers, raised the possibility that the Abelisaurus holotype does not come from Pellegrini Lake, and instead, belongs to a farm close to Salitral Moreno in which continental sediments from Allen Formation outcrops, however, as pointed out these authors there is no record or field notes to assert this line of evidence (Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "Lago Pellegrini stone quarries, Department of General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina, specifically the Cantera de la Pala Mécanica (now INDUPA) along the SW shore of the lake, a few km NE of Cinco Saltos", "reviewId": "complete-pellegrinisaurus-anacleto", "sourceValues": { "formation": "Allen", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Malargüe", "qualified": false } } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "genus:66268" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "433884", "180311", "480843", "233928", "57466", "384013", "400667", "66268" ], "candidateIds": [ "66268" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "allen" ], "label": "Allen Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "508143", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Antarctosaurus", "Arackar", "Atacamatitan", "Bustingorrytitan", "Elaltitan", "Epachthosaurus", "Kaijutitan", "Nullotitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pellegrinisaurus": [ "508143" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66268" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "147029", "name": "Peloroplites", "displayName": "Peloroplites", "attribution": "Carpenter et al. 2008", "rawAttribution": "Carpenter et al. 2008", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=147029", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Peloroplites" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "147029" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Broad period only. Prefer original2008PR2quarry stratigraphicdemonstration for specimenhorizon.; Cross2026Table1holotypetooth RubyRanch label is conflictingcontextualmetadata, notnewpositivequarry.; Fairness mayretainRubyRanch alternative; do not claim exclusivelyMussentuchit or addYellowCat.", "references": [ { "title": "Carpenter et al. (2008), Ankylosaurs from the Price River Quarries, Cedar Mountain Formation, east-central Utah", "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089", "access": "Existing preserved full primary research review: Introduction and Type Locality and Stratum" }, { "title": "Cross et al. (2026), Reclassification of ankylosaurs with ambiguous taxonomy using tooth morphometrics", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag068", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/206/4/zlag068/8661487", "access": "Full primary publisher HTML read. Table1 marks Peloroplites CEUM34580 holotype and labels RubyRanch; does not publish newquarry provenance" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Positive source and literature localities, including qualified historical alternatives. Prefer original2008PR2quarry stratigraphicdemonstration for specimenhorizon.; Cross2026Table1holotypetooth RubyRanch label is conflictingcontextualmetadata, notnewpositivequarry.; Fairness mayretainRubyRanch alternative; do not claim exclusivelyMussentuchit or addYellowCat.", "references": [ { "title": "Carpenter et al. (2008), Ankylosaurs from the Price River Quarries, Cedar Mountain Formation, east-central Utah", "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089", "access": "Existing preserved full primary research review: Introduction and Type Locality and Stratum" }, { "title": "Cross et al. (2026), Reclassification of ankylosaurs with ambiguous taxonomy using tooth morphometrics", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag068", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/206/4/zlag068/8661487", "access": "Full primary publisher HTML read. Table1 marks Peloroplites CEUM34580 holotype and labels RubyRanch; does not publish newquarry provenance" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "147029", "genus": "Peloroplites", "occurrenceId": "534790", "collectionId": "55334", "identifiedName": "Peloroplites cedrimontanus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Peloroplites cedrimontanus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29935", "collectionReferenceId": "57899", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Price River II site (Loc. Utah EM372)", "collection_aka": "PR2, PR-2, Price River 2", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Overall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "site in Carbon Co. but est'd coordinates are in Emery Co., located SE of Wellington, UT. 24.5 km SE of Price.", "literatureIds": [ "nodosauridae-6", "nodosauridae-7" ] }, { "genusId": "147029", "genus": "Peloroplites", "occurrenceId": "534790", "collectionId": "55334", "identifiedName": "Peloroplites cedrimontanus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Peloroplites cedrimontanus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29935", "collectionReferenceId": "57899", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Price River II site (Loc. Utah EM372)", "collection_aka": "PR2, PR-2, Price River 2", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Overall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "site in Carbon Co. but est'd coordinates are in Emery Co., located SE of Wellington, UT. 24.5 km SE of Price.", "reviewId": "peloroplites-pr2-alternative-member", "sourceValues": { "member": "Ruby Ranch" }, "literatureIds": [ "nodosauridae-6", "nodosauridae-7" ] }, { "genusId": "147029", "genus": "Peloroplites", "occurrenceId": "534790", "collectionId": "55334", "identifiedName": "Peloroplites cedrimontanus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Peloroplites cedrimontanus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29935", "collectionReferenceId": "57899", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Price River II site (Loc. Utah EM372)", "collection_aka": "PR2, PR-2, Price River 2", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Overall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "site in Carbon Co. but est'd coordinates are in Emery Co., located SE of Wellington, UT. 24.5 km SE of Price.", "literatureIds": [ "nodosauridae-6", "nodosauridae-7" ], "finalReview": "peloroplites-member-alternative-2026" }, { "genusId": "147029", "genus": "Peloroplites", "occurrenceId": "534790", "collectionId": "55334", "identifiedName": "Peloroplites cedrimontanus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Peloroplites cedrimontanus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29935", "collectionReferenceId": "57899", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Price River II site (Loc. Utah EM372)", "collection_aka": "PR2, PR-2, Price River 2", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Overall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "site in Carbon Co. but est'd coordinates are in Emery Co., located SE of Wellington, UT. 24.5 km SE of Price.", "reviewId": "peloroplites-pr2-alternative-member", "sourceValues": { "member": "Ruby Ranch" }, "literatureIds": [ "nodosauridae-6", "nodosauridae-7" ], "finalReview": "peloroplites-member-alternative-2026" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Prefer original2008PR2quarry stratigraphicdemonstration for specimenhorizon.; Cross2026Table1holotypetooth RubyRanch label is conflictingcontextualmetadata, notnewpositivequarry.; Fairness mayretainRubyRanch alternative; do not claim exclusivelyMussentuchit or addYellowCat.", "references": [ { "title": "Carpenter et al. (2008), Ankylosaurs from the Price River Quarries, Cedar Mountain Formation, east-central Utah", "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089", "access": "Existing preserved full primary research review: Introduction and Type Locality and Stratum" }, { "title": "Cross et al. (2026), Reclassification of ankylosaurs with ambiguous taxonomy using tooth morphometrics", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag068", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/206/4/zlag068/8661487", "access": "Full primary publisher HTML read. Table1 marks Peloroplites CEUM34580 holotype and labels RubyRanch; does not publish newquarry provenance" } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Peloroplites" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:147029" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "147029" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "US", "cedar mountain", "utah", "carbon" ], "label": "Cedar Mountain Formation · Carbon · Utah · US", "occurrenceId": "534790", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Peloroplites" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Peloroplites": [ "534790" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Peloroplites": [ "nodosauridae-6", "nodosauridae-7", "peloroplites-pr2-alternative-member" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "147029" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38678", "name": "Pelorosaurus", "displayName": "Pelorosaurus", "attribution": "Mantell 1850", "rawAttribution": "Mantell 1850", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38678", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Pelorosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "38678" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38678", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pelorosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38678" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38678", "genus": "Pelorosaurus", "occurrenceId": "832265", "collectionId": "92145", "identifiedName": "Pelorosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pelorosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31034", "collectionReferenceId": "31034", "cc": "FR", "state": "Nord-Pas-de-Calais", "county": "Pas-de-Calais", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Rochette", "collection_aka": "Boulonnais", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unnamed \"Portlandien\" unit", "geogcomments": "Cliff just north of Wimereux" }, { "genusId": "38678", "genus": "Pelorosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1149528", "collectionId": "146643", "identifiedName": "? Pelorosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pelorosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47414", "collectionReferenceId": "47414", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Cambridgeshire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Lower Greensand", "collection_name": "Upware", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"Upware bed\" in the Lower Greensand", "geogcomments": "from Upware" }, { "genusId": "38678", "genus": "Pelorosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1391615", "collectionId": "52672", "identifiedName": "Cetiosaurus conybeari n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pelorosaurus conybeari", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36749", "collectionReferenceId": "17381", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Cuckfield Quarry, Tilgate", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Cuckfield Quarry, Tilgate Forest, West Sussex" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Pelorosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "genus:38678" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202797", "386797", "52990", "38678" ], "candidateIds": [ "202797", "386797", "52990", "38678" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "442503", "name": "Pendraig", "displayName": "Pendraig", "attribution": "Spiekman et al. 2021", "rawAttribution": "Spiekman et al. 2021", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=442503", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Coelophysoidea", "Pendraig" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "55476", "442503" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "137366", "name": "Penelopognathus", "displayName": "Penelopognathus", "attribution": "Godefroit et al. 2005", "rawAttribution": "Godefroit et al. 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=137366", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Penelopognathus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "137366" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38859", "name": "Pentaceratops", "displayName": "Pentaceratops", "attribution": "Osborn 1923", "rawAttribution": "Osborn 1923", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38859", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Pentaceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "52773", "38859" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Broad period only. P.aquilonius doubtfulspeciesdoesnot invalidate typegenusP.sternbergii.; CanadaCMN9813undiagnostic; CMN9814 possibleSpiclypeus retainsbothconservative alternatives, notconfirmedCanadianPentaceratops.", "references": [ { "title": "Mallon et al. (2016), Spiclypeus shipporum gen.et sp.nov.", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0154218", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154218", "access": "Full primary publisher text inspected; Pentaceratops aquilonius CMN9813/9814 reinterpretation" }, { "title": "Fowler & Freedman Fowler (2020), Transitional evolutionary forms in chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs", "year": 2020, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.9251", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7278894/", "access": "Primary indexed full text and existing projectreview, including supplementaryparietal reinterpretation" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Positive source and literature localities, including qualified historical alternatives. P.aquilonius doubtfulspeciesdoesnot invalidate typegenusP.sternbergii.; CanadaCMN9813undiagnostic; CMN9814 possibleSpiclypeus retainsbothconservative alternatives, notconfirmedCanadianPentaceratops.", "references": [ { "title": "Mallon et al. (2016), Spiclypeus shipporum gen.et sp.nov.", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0154218", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154218", "access": "Full primary publisher text inspected; Pentaceratops aquilonius CMN9813/9814 reinterpretation" }, { "title": "Fowler & Freedman Fowler (2020), Transitional evolutionary forms in chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs", "year": 2020, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.9251", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7278894/", "access": "Primary indexed full text and existing projectreview, including supplementaryparietal reinterpretation" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "368113", "collectionId": "34826", "identifiedName": "aff. Pentaceratops ", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "72668", "collectionReferenceId": "9303", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "5 km east of Burnham Trading Post (MNA)", "collection_aka": "Pentaceratops", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation; approx. 145 m above base of formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec. 28, T24N, R13W, approx. 5 km E of Burnham Trading Post, San Juan Co., NM" }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "368120", "collectionId": "34827", "identifiedName": "aff. Pentaceratops ", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "72668", "collectionReferenceId": "9303", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pentaceratops site, Hunter Wash (KU)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. upper Fruitland, then lower Kirtland, then Fossil Forest Member of the Fruitland", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec. 34, T24N, R13 W, along Hunter Wash, San Juan Co., NM" }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "407830", "collectionId": "39229", "identifiedName": "Pentaceratops sternbergii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops sternbergii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13080", "collectionReferenceId": "13080", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pentaceratops type, AMNH loc. 12863", "collection_aka": "Tsaya", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14.4 (9 mi.) km E (or NE) of Tsaya, NM (Lull 1933 says 9 mi. NE). Listed as in the NW 1/4 of T22N, R11W." }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "407841", "collectionId": "39231", "identifiedName": "Pentaceratops fenestratus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops sternbergii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18513", "collectionReferenceId": "18513", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south branch, Meyers Creek", "collection_aka": "P. fenestratus type site, Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash, Myers Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "originally described as 1 mi. S of Kimbeto Wash, on S branch of Myers Creek (Lull 1933). Renamed Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash (USGS), suggesting locality is actually 1 mi. N of Kimbeto Wash, therefore in the NW 1/4 of T22N, R10W." }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "513750", "collectionId": "52058", "identifiedName": "Titanoceratops ouranos n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops sternbergii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35447", "collectionReferenceId": "15088", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "5 miles south of Wood Ranch (OMNH)", "collection_aka": "OMNH 40-IX-1-41 to IX-44-41", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "either upper Fruitland Fm. or Hunter Wash Mbr. of Kirtland Fm. - probably former, given proximity to Fossil Forest area", "geogcomments": "About 5 miles S of the Wood Ranch headquaters, sec. 36, T24N, R12W. This is in the headwaters of Coal Creek, most likely in the vicinity of sections 23 to 26, T23N, R12W.\r\nAccording to Kues et al. 1977 the site is 6.5 miles north of Wood Ranch." }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "528345", "collectionId": "53982", "identifiedName": "Pentaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14625", "collectionReferenceId": "38106", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Alamo Mesa West, San Juan (USNM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower Kirtland", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, T24N, R13W (no section given; coordinates for sec 28 = SW area of quad)" }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "591682", "collectionId": "62549", "identifiedName": "? Pentaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14625", "collectionReferenceId": "18055", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "3.5 miles southwest of Kimbetoh", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "75 ft above base of formation, lower Kirtland", "geogcomments": "near SE corner of sec 4, T22N, R10W, 3.5 mi S of W of Kimbetoh" }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "602419", "collectionId": "64094", "identifiedName": "? Pentaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18513", "collectionReferenceId": "18513", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cattle Ranch", "collection_aka": "Meyers Creek, Myers Creek, Ah-shi-sle-pah", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on S branch of Meyers Creek, about 4 mi above and opposite Cattle Ranch; Meyers Creek renamed Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash (USGS)" }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "602422", "collectionId": "64096", "identifiedName": "? Pentaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18513", "collectionReferenceId": "18513", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "3 miles above Hunter's Store", "collection_aka": "Alamo Wash", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on S side of Alamo Wash, 3 mi above Hunters Store" }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "715473", "collectionId": "76715", "identifiedName": "Pentaceratops sternbergii", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops sternbergii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25955", "collectionReferenceId": "25956", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Rio Blanco", "formation": "Williams Fork", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rangely South (SDNHM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "correlated to between the Baculites baculus and Exiteloceras jennyi ammonite zones", "geogcomments": "from S of Rangely, NW Colorado" }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1389561", "collectionId": "191054", "identifiedName": "? Pentaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54034", "collectionReferenceId": "54034", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Big Bend, AMNH collections (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "No exact locality details given beyond \"Big Bend area\"" }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1418499", "collectionId": "196511", "identifiedName": "Pentaceratops sternbergii", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops sternbergii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14625", "collectionReferenceId": "14625", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Meyers Creek [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "probably from near Meyers Creek (= Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash)" }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1432017", "collectionId": "199764", "identifiedName": "Pentaceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14625", "collectionReferenceId": "2212", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hunter Wash [USNM]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. assigned to McDermott Fm", "geogcomments": "on Hunter Wash, T25N, R12W" }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1574093", "collectionId": "222481", "identifiedName": "Pentaceratops sternbergii", "acceptedName": "Pentaceratops sternbergii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78189", "collectionReferenceId": "78189", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Hunter Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH Loc. L-3503", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hunter Wash, Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness Area, NW Mew Mexico" }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-12", "formation": "Fruitland" }, { "genusId": "38859", "genus": "Pentaceratops", "literatureId": "pentaceratops-aquilonius-canada-2016", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "", "qualified": true, "source": { "title": "Mallon et al. (2016), Spiclypeus shipporum gen.et sp.nov.", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0154218", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154218", "access": "Full primary publisher text inspected; Pentaceratops aquilonius CMN9813/9814 reinterpretation" }, "specimens": [ "CMN 9813", "CMN 9814" ], "identifiedName": "Pentaceratops aquilonius? · historical referral", "specimenScope": "Mallon et al. 2016 reassessment: type from Lethbridge Coal Zone near Manyberries; paratype from approximately the same horizon. Formation field intentionally left unknown in this assertion." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "P.aquilonius doubtfulspeciesdoesnot invalidate typegenusP.sternbergii.; CanadaCMN9813undiagnostic; CMN9814 possibleSpiclypeus retainsbothconservative alternatives, notconfirmedCanadianPentaceratops.", "references": [ { "title": "Mallon et al. (2016), Spiclypeus shipporum gen.et sp.nov.", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0154218", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154218", "access": "Full primary publisher text inspected; Pentaceratops aquilonius CMN9813/9814 reinterpretation" }, { "title": "Fowler & Freedman Fowler (2020), Transitional evolutionary forms in chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs", "year": 2020, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.9251", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7278894/", "access": "Primary indexed full text and existing projectreview, including supplementaryparietal reinterpretation" } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Pentaceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Chasmosaurinae", "genus:38859" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "38859" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "fruitland", "fossil forest" ], "label": "Fossil Forest Member · Fruitland Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "407830", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pentaceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pentaceratops": [ "368113", "368120", "407830" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38859" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "505033", "name": "Petrustitan", "displayName": "Petrustitan", "attribution": "Díez Díaz et al. 2025", "rawAttribution": "Díez Díaz et al. 2025", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=505033", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Petrustitan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "58924", "505033" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=505033", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Petrustitan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=505033" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "505033", "genus": "Petrustitan", "occurrenceId": "803989", "collectionId": "59410", "identifiedName": "Magyarosaurus hungaricus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Petrustitan hungaricus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29483", "collectionReferenceId": "53030", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Szentpéterfalva, Hateg Basin", "collection_aka": "Sânpetru, Sînpetru, Sâmpetru, Sîmpetru, Sacel, La Carare, Sinpetru", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ţabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "on the Nopcsa family estate near Sînpetru (Szentpéterfalva), in the southern Carpathian Mtns., near Hunedoara, Hateg Basin" }, { "genusId": "505033", "genus": "Petrustitan", "occurrenceId": "1570413", "collectionId": "14454", "identifiedName": "Petrustitan hungaricus", "acceptedName": "Petrustitan hungaricus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "91282", "collectionReferenceId": "78206", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Râpa Mocioconilor", "collection_aka": "Rapa Mocioconilor", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "includes sites 1 and 2; R side of Sânpetru, near Sacel" }, { "genusId": "505033", "genus": "Petrustitan", "occurrenceId": "1589640", "collectionId": "93729", "identifiedName": "? Magyarosaurus hungaricus", "acceptedName": "Petrustitan hungaricus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81031", "collectionReferenceId": "36651", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Râpa Rosie (RR), Sebes Valley ", "collection_aka": "Râpa Roşie, Rapa Rosie", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost part of the Sebeş Formation\n\nearly Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016 and Ţabără et al. 2022); later assigned to Late Maastrichtian (Bottfalvai et al., 2025).", "geogcomments": "Râpa Rosie, Sebes Valley, Alba district. On R bank of Secas River, at type section for Sebes Fm." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", "Petrustitan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Eutitanosauria", "genus:505033" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "candidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "243344", "name": "Philovenator", "displayName": "Philovenator", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243344", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Jinfengopteryginae", "Philovenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "433872", "243344" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243344", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Philovenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243344" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "243344", "genus": "Philovenator", "occurrenceId": "1066320", "collectionId": "131828", "identifiedName": "Philovenator curriei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Philovenator curriei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42505", "collectionReferenceId": "42491", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Wulatehouqi", "formation": "Wulansuhai", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "\"North Canyon\" locality, Bayan Mandahu", "collection_aka": "Wulatehouqi, Linhevenator type-locality; Bayan Manduhu Fossil Preserve", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Based on Google Earth location of the town Linhe from which the taxon name partially derives." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Jinfengopteryginae", "Philovenator" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Jinfengopteryginae", "genus:243344" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "156161", "391222", "243344" ], "candidateIds": [ "156161", "391222", "243344" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "519811", "name": "Phosphatotitan", "displayName": "Phosphatotitan", "attribution": "Longrich et al. 2026", "rawAttribution": "Longrich et al. 2026", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519811", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Lognkosauria", "Argentinosauridae", "Phosphatotitan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "389116", "109003", "519812", "519811" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519811", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Phosphatotitan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519811" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "519811", "genus": "Phosphatotitan", "occurrenceId": "2063689", "collectionId": "230233", "identifiedName": "Phosphatotitan khouribgaensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Phosphatotitan khouribgaensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94682", "collectionReferenceId": "84791", "cc": "MA", "state": "Khouribga", "county": "", "formation": "Couche III", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sidi Chennane [lower Couche III] (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Office Chérifien des Phosphates mines at Sidi Chennane, Khouribga Province, Morocco" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Lognkosauria", "Argentinosauridae", "Phosphatotitan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Colossosauria", "clade:Lognkosauria", "clade:Argentinosauridae", "genus:519811" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519811" ], "candidateIds": [ "519811" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "56409", "name": "Phuwiangosaurus", "displayName": "Phuwiangosaurus", "attribution": "Martin et al. 1994", "rawAttribution": "Martin et al. 1994", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56409", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Euhelopodidae", "Phuwiangosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "38699", "56409" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56409", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Phuwiangosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56409" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "380063", "collectionId": "35973", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9667", "collectionReferenceId": "31131", "cc": "TH", "state": "Khon Kaen", "county": "Phu Wiang", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Wiang 1, Phu Pratu Teema", "collection_aka": "P.W.1, Phu Phratoo Teema", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly considered Upper Jurassic\r\nNon-marine bivalves suggest the Sao Khua Formation is late Barremian in age (Tumpeesawan et al. 2010; Samathi et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "10 km E of Ampho Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand; Khorat plateau. Located a few meters from PW3, the first dinosaur discovery in Thailand." }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "380646", "collectionId": "36080", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9665", "collectionReferenceId": "31098", "cc": "TH", "state": "Khon Kaen", "county": "Phu Wiang", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Wiang 4, Noen Sao Eh", "collection_aka": "P.W.4", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "formerly considered Upper Jurassic\r\n\r\nStratigraphy comments: Sao Khua Fm. was originally believed to be Early Cretaceous in age based on the vertebrate fossils by Buffetaut and Suteethorn (1999). More recently, the age has been constrained to the late Barremian based on non-marine bivalves by Tumpeesawan et al. (2010).", "geogcomments": "10 km E of Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand. In a forest area." }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "380647", "collectionId": "36081", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9665", "collectionReferenceId": "31098", "cc": "TH", "state": "Khon Kaen", "county": "Phu Wiang", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Wiang 5, Sun Ya Ka", "collection_aka": "P.W.5, Sum Ya Ka", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly considered Upper Jurassic\r\nNon-marine bivalves suggest the Sao Khua Formation is late Barremian in age (Tumpeesawan et al. 2010; Samathi et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "Ampho Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand. \"This site was discovered in 1991 by John and Moo Lek. They were looking for a new locality after a lightning struck near them while they were working at site 1.\" (Martin et al., 1999:86)" }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "380649", "collectionId": "36082", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9665", "collectionReferenceId": "31097", "cc": "TH", "state": "Khon Kaen", "county": "Phu Wiang", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Wiang 5A", "collection_aka": "P.W.5A", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly considered Upper Jurassic\r\n\r\nStratigraphy comments: Sao Khua Fm. was originally believed to be Early Cretaceous in age based on the vertebrate fossils by Buffetaut and Suteethorn (1999). More recently, the age has been constrained to the late Barremian based on non-marine bivalves by Tumpeesawan et al. (2010).", "geogcomments": "about 10 meters from P.W.5 (Sum Ya Ka), Ampho Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand." }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "380655", "collectionId": "36083", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9665", "collectionReferenceId": "9665", "cc": "TH", "state": "Khon Kaen", "county": "", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Wiang 5B", "collection_aka": "P.W.5B", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly considered Upper Jurassic\r\nNon-marine bivalves suggest the Sao Khua Formation is late Barremian in age (Tumpeesawan et al. 2010; Samathi et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "same location as P.W.5A but at a higher stratigraphic level. Ampho Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand." }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "380882", "collectionId": "36144", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9696", "collectionReferenceId": "13040", "cc": "TH", "state": "Kalasin", "county": "Sahat Sakhan", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Khum Khao, K4", "collection_aka": "Kalasin site 4/K.4, Wat Sak Kawan, Wat Sakawan, Phu Kum Kao", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Non-marine bivalves suggest the Sao Khua Formation is late Barremian in age (Tumpeesawan et al. 2010; Samathi et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "Wat Sakawan temple, at the foot of Phu Khum Khao hill, Sahat Sakhan dsitrict, 30 km N of Kalasin, Kalasin province, NE Thailand. Site of Phu Kum Khao Dinosaur Research Centre" }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "380887", "collectionId": "36146", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9665", "collectionReferenceId": "9665", "cc": "TH", "state": "Khon Kaen", "county": "", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Wiang 9A", "collection_aka": "P.W.9A", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally considered Late Jurassic\r\nNon-marine bivalves suggest the Sao Khua Formation is late Barremian in age (Tumpeesawan et al. 2010; Samathi et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen province, NE Thailand" }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "380889", "collectionId": "36147", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9665", "collectionReferenceId": "9665", "cc": "TH", "state": "Khon Kaen", "county": "", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Wiang 11, Sum Bak Low", "collection_aka": "P.W.11", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly considered Upper Jurassic\r\nNon-marine bivalves suggest the Sao Khua Formation is late Barremian in age (Tumpeesawan et al. 2010; Samathi et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen province, NE Thailand" }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "380894", "collectionId": "36149", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9665", "collectionReferenceId": "9702", "cc": "TH", "state": "Kalasin", "county": "Kuchi Narai", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Pha Ngo, K1", "collection_aka": "Kalasin site 1/K.1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Stratigraphy comments: Sao Khua Fm. was originally believed to be Early Cretaceous in age based on the vertebrate fossils by Buffetaut and Suteethorn (1999). More recently, the age has been constrained to the late Barremian based on non-marine bivalves by Tumpeesawan et al. (2010).", "geogcomments": "near Wat Pha Sawan temple at foot of Phu Pha Ngo, about 75 km E of Kalasin, Kalasin province, NE Thailand" }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "380898", "collectionId": "36150", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9665", "collectionReferenceId": "31098", "cc": "TH", "state": "Kalasin", "county": "Kuchi Narai", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Ban Non Mek, K2", "collection_aka": "Kalasin 2/K.2, Ban Non Meng", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Non-marine bivalves suggest the Sao Khua Formation is late Barremian in age (Tumpeesawan et al. 2010; Samathi et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "about 75 km E of Kalasin, Kalasin province, NE Thailand. 10 km S of Phu Pha Ngo" }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "380910", "collectionId": "36156", "identifiedName": "cf. Phuwiangosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90009", "collectionReferenceId": "13040", "cc": "TH", "state": "Nong Bua Lam Phu", "county": "Nong Bua Lam Phu", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Hin Lat Tuppha, NB1", "collection_aka": "Nong Bua Lam Phu site 1/N.B.1, Udon Thani site 1/U.T.1; Phu Hin Lat Thap Fa", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Non-marine bivalves suggest the Sao Khua Formation is late Barremian in age (Tumpeesawan et al. 2010; Samathi et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "approx. 30 km SW of Udon Thani, N central Thailand. Quarry between Udon Thani and Nong Bua Lam Phy; Phu Hin Lat Thap Fa = Phu Hin Lat Tuppha" }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "528636", "collectionId": "54005", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31132", "collectionReferenceId": "31132", "cc": "TH", "state": "Kalasin", "county": "", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Ban Na Khrai, K11", "collection_aka": "Phu Pha Ngo, Ban Na Krai", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Non-marine bivalves suggest the Sao Khua Formation is late Barremian in age (Tumpeesawan et al. 2010; Samathi et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "across Phu Pha Ngo pond, 50 m from K5" }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "895800", "collectionId": "99337", "identifiedName": "? Phuwiangosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34155", "collectionReferenceId": "34155", "cc": "TH", "state": "Nakhon Ratchasima", "county": "Suranaree", "formation": "Khok Kruat", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ban Saphan Hin", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "scattered over a corn field of 1225 sq. m at Ban Saphan Hin, Suranaree subdistrict, NE Nakhon Ratchasima province" }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1467123", "collectionId": "204916", "identifiedName": "cf. Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70304", "collectionReferenceId": "70304", "cc": "TH", "state": "Sakon Nakhon", "county": "", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Sung", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Non-marine bivalves suggest the Sao Khua Formation is late Barremian in age (Tumpeesawan et al. 2010; Samathi et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "found by a forest ranger in the National Reserved Forest of Phu Lom Khao and Phu Peg area" }, { "genusId": "56409", "genus": "Phuwiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1674417", "collectionId": "237366", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90009", "collectionReferenceId": "90009", "cc": "TH", "state": "Udon Thani", "county": "", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Ban Huay Dua, Non Than", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ban Huay Dua, Non Than village, Non Than Subdistrict" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Euhelopodidae", "Phuwiangosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Euhelopodidae", "genus:56409" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "56409" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "TH", "sao khua" ], "label": "Sao Khua Formation · TH", "occurrenceId": "1674417", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Phuwiangosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Phuwiangosaurus": [ "380063", "380646", "380647", "380649", "380655", "380882", "380887", "380889", "380894", "380898", "380910", "528636", "1467123", "1674417" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "56409" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "387579", "name": "Phuwiangvenator", "displayName": "Phuwiangvenator", "attribution": "Samathi et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Samathi et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=387579", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Megaraptora", "Phuwiangvenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "160851", "387579" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Megaraptora predatory-relative bracket; rule MEGARAPTORA_ANIMAL_GUILD.", "references": [ { "id": "DE1", "title": "Latest Cretaceous megaraptorid theropod dinosaur sheds light on megaraptoran evolution and palaeobiology", "authors": "Ibiricu et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-025-63793-5", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-63793-5", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Publisher full text; abstract, descriptions and ecological discussion read", "dietSupport": "Megaraptora is characterized as predatory; Joaquinraptor preserves cutting teeth and a crocodyliform humerus between its jaws. The bone association is possible feeding evidence, not an attributable digestive residue.", "webRefs": [ "turn639view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "relative-inferred", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=387579", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Phuwiangvenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=387579" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "387579", "genus": "Phuwiangvenator", "occurrenceId": "1446542", "collectionId": "201910", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangvenator yaemniyomi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangvenator yaemniyomi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69147", "collectionReferenceId": "69147", "cc": "TH", "state": "Khon Kaen", "county": "", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Wiang 9B", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally considered Late Jurassic\r\nNon-marine bivalves suggest the Sao Khua Formation it is late Barremian (Tumpeesawan et al. 2010 and Samathi et al., 2019).", "geogcomments": "Phu Wiang Site 9B (approximately 300 m away from site 9A), Phu Wiang Mountain, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand" }, { "genusId": "387579", "genus": "Phuwiangvenator", "occurrenceId": "1446543", "collectionId": "36146", "identifiedName": "Phuwiangvenator yaemniyomi", "acceptedName": "Phuwiangvenator yaemniyomi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69147", "collectionReferenceId": "9665", "cc": "TH", "state": "Khon Kaen", "county": "", "formation": "Sao Khua", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Wiang 9A", "collection_aka": "P.W.9A", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally considered Late Jurassic\r\nNon-marine bivalves suggest the Sao Khua Formation is late Barremian in age (Tumpeesawan et al. 2010; Samathi et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen province, NE Thailand" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Megaraptora", "Phuwiangvenator" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Megaraptora", "genus:387579" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66356", "387579", "387581" ], "candidateIds": [ "66356", "387579", "387581" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38592", "name": "Piatnitzkysaurus", "displayName": "Piatnitzkysaurus", "attribution": "Bonaparte 1979", "rawAttribution": "Bonaparte 1979", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38592", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Piatnitzkysauridae", "Piatnitzkysaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "235338", "38592" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38592", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Piatnitzkysaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38592" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38592", "genus": "Piatnitzkysaurus", "occurrenceId": "297555", "collectionId": "28534", "identifiedName": "Piatnitzkysaurus floresi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Piatnitzkysaurus floresi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7879", "collectionReferenceId": "7879", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "", "formation": "Cañadón Asfalto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Sierra de Olte", "collection_name": "1 km east of Cerro Cóndor", "collection_aka": "Cerro Cóndor South, Cerro Cóndor Sur", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower third of formation. Sierra de Olte Group = Lonco Trapial Group; upper level with theropod, lower with sauropods\r\n\r\nU-Pb dates provided by Pol et al. (2020)", "geogcomments": "Cerro Cóndor, 15 km west of the Farias store, and 1 km E of the villa of Cerro Cóndor (\"Farias house\"), Chubut province, Argentina. \"On the banks on the right of the river.\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Piatnitzkysauridae", "Piatnitzkysaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Piatnitzkysauridae", "genus:38592" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64061", "38628", "38592" ], "candidateIds": [ "64061", "38628", "38592" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "375508", "name": "Pilmatueia", "displayName": "Pilmatueia", "attribution": "Coria et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Coria et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=375508", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Dicraeosauridae", "Pilmatueia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57361", "53961", "375508" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=375508", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pilmatueia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=375508" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "375508", "genus": "Pilmatueia", "occurrenceId": "1416574", "collectionId": "193674", "identifiedName": "Pilmatueia faundezi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pilmatueia faundezi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66684", "collectionReferenceId": "76383", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Mulichinco", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pilmatué", "collection_aka": "Las Lajas, Pilmatue", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "9 km NE of Las Lajas City, Neuquén province, Argentina. Includes discoveries within a few hundred meters of each other." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Dicraeosauridae", "Pilmatueia" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Flagellicaudata", "clade:Dicraeosauridae", "genus:375508" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "140517", "375508" ], "candidateIds": [ "140517", "375508" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38833", "name": "Pinacosaurus", "displayName": "Pinacosaurus", "attribution": "Gilmore 1933", "rawAttribution": "Gilmore 1933", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38833", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Pinacosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52798", "38833" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38833", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pinacosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38833" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "379964", "collectionId": "35966", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus cf. grangeri", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9660", "collectionReferenceId": "40224", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Laiyang", "formation": "Jiangjunding", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wangshi", "collection_name": "Tianqiaotun", "collection_aka": "Geol. Survey China, T'ien Ch'iao T'un", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a specific, but unnamed, level in the middle of the Wangshi formation, originally thought to be Late Cretaceous, but argued in 1995 to be Campanian on biostratigraphic grounds", "geogcomments": "Tianqiaotun (= T'ien Ch'iao T'un) site, 7.5 km SW of Laiyang, Laiyang district, Shandong province, China. Altitude from Laiyang. SW of Chiangchingting village (may be same as name of site)." }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "387375", "collectionId": "37013", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14235", "collectionReferenceId": "9901", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak, site 2 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions 2/3", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "one 10-m thick bed", "geogcomments": "Bayn Dzak (= Bain Dzak, Shabarak Usu), Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "387389", "collectionId": "37016", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9901", "collectionReferenceId": "9899", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak site [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bayn Dzak (= Shabarakh Usu), Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520881", "collectionId": "53229", "identifiedName": "Syrmosaurus viminocaudus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14386", "collectionReferenceId": "14386", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak (PIN coll. 614) [MPE/SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Shabarak Usu, Bayan Zag", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "521704", "collectionId": "45329", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus hilwitnorum n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus hilwitnorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "96014", "collectionReferenceId": "11795", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "Gurvan Tes", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Camels Humps Amphitheater, Ukhaa Tolgod", "collection_aka": "Camel Humps, Camel's Humps", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ukhaa Tolgod, Gurvan Tes Somon, Omnogov Aimak, Mongolia; near salt extraction settlement of Daus" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "566950", "collectionId": "59372", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42291", "collectionReferenceId": "76470", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Alag Teg [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Aleg Teeg", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "central Gobi, 3 km N of Toogreeg Shire. N: 44-15-2458; E: 103-17-5569; A: 982m" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "590300", "collectionId": "62323", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus ninghsiensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18019", "collectionReferenceId": "18019", "cc": "CN", "state": "Ningxia", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "North Alashan desert, Ninghsia", "collection_aka": "Ningxia", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "North Alashan desert, NW of Ninghsia (Ningxia)" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "741250", "collectionId": "79703", "identifiedName": "Syrmosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14387", "collectionReferenceId": "14387", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorkhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Öösh", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ulan Oshih (PIN coll. 753) [MPE]", "collection_aka": "Oshi Nuru", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally Ondai Sair Fm., now the \"cannonball beds\" of the Öösh Fm.", "geogcomments": "Ulan Oshih, 200 km NE of Dalan Tszadagad, 30 km NW of the Dagshiuin Khuduk well" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "741738", "collectionId": "65338", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26796", "collectionReferenceId": "26796", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Baga-Tariach [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Baga Tarjach, Baga Tariachi", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "781634", "collectionId": "55256", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28193", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugrikin Shire I [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 44-13-42.28; E: 103-18-09.70; A: 1043m\r\n35 km W of Bayn Dzak" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1058726", "collectionId": "130798", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42293", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ömnögovi Aimag", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dzamin Khond [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Dzamyn Khond, Zamyn Khond, Dzamyn Khondt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 44-03-0478; E: 102-49-1971; A: 1466m. 9 km SW of Udyn Sayr." }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1244255", "collectionId": "46152", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12056", "collectionReferenceId": "14566", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shabarakh Usu (AMNH loc. 12049)", "collection_aka": "Protoceratops type, Flaming Cliffs, Bayn Dzak, Kwei-wa-ting trail, Bayan Zag", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"There are no radioisotopic dates from beds in the sequence that produce the Bayn Dzak fauna. According to different authors, its age has been reported to range from Cenomanian to Early Maastrichtian. Berkey and Morris (1927) placed it in the early Late Cretaceous. Polish authors variously assigned it to a range between the Coniacian and the Santonian (Gradziński et al., 1969; Kielan-Jaworowska, 1969, 1970, 1974; Kielan Jaworowska and Dovchin, 1969; Lefeld, 1965, 1971). McKenna (1969) suggested a Cenomanian age. Rozhdestvensky, in his study of Mongolian dinosaurs (1971), inferred the probable age of the fauna to be late Santonian or possibly early Campanian. Fox (1978) suggested a Campanian age based on comparisons between Mongolian, American, and Canadian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous. Lillegraven and McKenna (1986) considered the Bayn Dzak fauna to be of Campanian-Early Maastrichtian age. Jerzykiewicz et al. (1993) and Eberth (1993) assign a Campanian age to the Djadokhta faunas from both Bayan Mandahu and Bayn Dzak. Most recently, Averianov (1997) tentatively agreed with Gradziński et al. (1977) that the fauna from the Djadokhta Formation is early Campanian in age, based on comparisons of mammalian and marine taxa from the Darbasa Formation of Kazakhstan. So, although most recent workers have assigned a Campanian age to the fauna from the Djadokhta, there has historically been little consensus among biochronologic age estimates and no evidence independent of faunal comparisons.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 2005)\r\n\"The presence of reversed magnetozones in both the Flaming Cliffs and Khren Tsav sections means that most of these units must be younger than Chron 34n—the upper boundary of which represents the boundary between the Santonian and the Campanian at about 83.5 Ma (Gradstein et al., 1995). The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones in the Flaming Cliffs section suggests that the sediments were deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian incorporating the end of Chron 33 and Chron 32 between about 75 and 71 Ma (Gradstein et al., 1995)... Previous biochronologic age estimates taken in conjunction with this new magnetostratigraphic data suggest that the fossiliferous sediments of the Djadokhta Formation were most likely deposited during the quick succession of normal and reversed intervals in the late Campanian between 71 and 75 Ma.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 2005)", "geogcomments": "on Kwei-wa-ting trail, E of Artsa Bogdo, Gobi Desert, Mongolia; at Shabarakh Usu (= Flaming Cliffs)" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1262140", "collectionId": "167657", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59136", "collectionReferenceId": "59136", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Alagteeg", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aleg Teeg [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Alag Teg; Alag Teg, Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Also specimens from Djadokhta Formation\r\nlower section of Alagteeg Fm.", "geogcomments": "central Gobi, 3 km N of Toogreeg Shire. N: 44-15-2458; E: 103-17-5569; A: 982m\r\nSome specimens from northern hills, others from southern main cliff" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1265942", "collectionId": "127678", "identifiedName": "? Pinacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42293", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zhinst Tolgoi, Udyn Sayr [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Udan Sayr,", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "-upper horizon\r\n-possibly Baruungoyot Fm. (Czepinksi 2020)\r\n-Dashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Zhinst Tolgoi of Udyn Sayr (coordinates for base camp at Zhinst Tolgoi); N: 44-05-3917; E: 102-54-3316; A: 1327m" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1265960", "collectionId": "127678", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42294", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zhinst Tolgoi, Udyn Sayr [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Udan Sayr,", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "-upper horizon\r\n-possibly Baruungoyot Fm. (Czepinksi 2020)\r\n-Dashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Zhinst Tolgoi of Udyn Sayr (coordinates for base camp at Zhinst Tolgoi); N: 44-05-3917; E: 102-54-3316; A: 1327m" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1272846", "collectionId": "100261", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53759", "collectionReferenceId": "42293", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omngov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Toosgot sub-locality, Abdrant Nuru", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper part of local section, unnamed beds - assigned to Djadokhta Formation in Suzuki et al. 2004", "geogcomments": "Toosgot sub-locality, Abdrant Nuru fossil site, 140 km NW of Dalanzadgad. 44-31-19.98 N, 103-09-16.65 E, 965 m." }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1333494", "collectionId": "65334", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26796", "collectionReferenceId": "26796", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shiljust-Ula [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Shilt-Ula, Shilt-Uul, Shilyust-Ula, Shiluut Uul", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shiljust-Ula, Borzongiyn Gobi (Borzon)" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1472259", "collectionId": "205652", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70504", "collectionReferenceId": "70504", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Alxa", "formation": "Wulansuhai", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayan Tal, Alaten Obo", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "no stratigraphic layer indicated", "geogcomments": "Bayan Tal, near the town of Alaten Obo, Alxa Right Banner, Alxa League, western Inner Mongolia" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559522", "collectionId": "94372", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64040", "collectionReferenceId": "18461", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SCDP, Bayan Mandahu [non-specific locality 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"qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64040", "collectionReferenceId": "64040", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Bayan Nor", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SCDP site 101, Bayan Mandahu", "collection_aka": "Sino-Canadian Dinosaur Project", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bayan Mandahu, near Urad Houqi, Inner Mongolia" }, { "genusId": "38833", "genus": "Pinacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559525", "collectionId": "220055", "identifiedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64040", "collectionReferenceId": "64040", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Bayan Nor", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SCDP site 100, Bayan Mandahu", "collection_aka": "Sino-Canadian Dinosaur Project", "geogscale": "small collection", 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"acceptedName": "Pinacosaurus grangeri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86530", "collectionReferenceId": "86530", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Bayan Nor", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SCDP site 63, Bayan Mandahu", "collection_aka": "Sino-Canadian Dinosaur Project", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bayan Mandahu, near Urad Houqi, Inner Mongolia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Pinacosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian 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"clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "clade:Ankylosaurinae", "genus:38833" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "38833" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "alagteeg" ], "label": "Alagteeg Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1262140", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pinacosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta", "Eopinacosaurus", "Jinyunpelta", "Minotaurasaurus", "Saichania", "Talarurus", "Tarchia", "Tsagantegia", "Zaraapelta" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pinacosaurus": [ "1262140" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38833" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38729", "name": "Pisanosaurus", "displayName": "Pisanosaurus", "attribution": "Casamiquela 1967", "rawAttribution": "Casamiquela 1967", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38729", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Pisanosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "38729" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38729", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pisanosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38729" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38729", "genus": "Pisanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "277109", "collectionId": "26452", "identifiedName": "Pisanosaurus mertii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pisanosaurus mertii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7278", "collectionReferenceId": "7278", "cc": "AR", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "General Lavalle", "formation": "Ischigualasto", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Agua de Las Catas, Ischigualasto", "collection_aka": "Hoyada del Cerro Las Lajas, Pisanosaurus type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Pisanosaurus was reportedly collected from the \"middle third\" of the formation (e.g. Bonaparte 1982, JVP 2:362-371; Rogers et al. 1993, Science 260:794). 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "140725", "name": "Pitekunsaurus", "displayName": "Pitekunsaurus", "attribution": "Filippi and Garrido 2008", "rawAttribution": "Filippi and Garrido 2008", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=140725", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Rinconsauria", "Pitekunsaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "389116", "122470", "140725" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=140725", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pitekunsaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=140725" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "140725", "genus": "Pitekunsaurus", "occurrenceId": "795820", "collectionId": "86439", "identifiedName": "Pitekunsaurus macayai n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pitekunsaurus macayai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29117", "collectionReferenceId": "29117", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Anacleto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Cañadón de Aguada Grande", "collection_aka": "Pitekunsaurus type, Rincón de los Sauces", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Cañadón de Aguada Grande, Rincón de los Sauces area, N part of Neuquén province" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Rinconsauria", "Pitekunsaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Colossosauria", "clade:Rinconsauria", "genus:140725" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "140725" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "AR", "anacleto", "neuquén" ], "label": "Anacleto Formation · Neuquén · AR", "occurrenceId": "795820", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pitekunsaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan", "Bravasaurus", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Overosaurus", "Punatitan", "Rinconsaurus", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pitekunsaurus": [ "795820" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "140725" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38593", "name": "Piveteausaurus", "displayName": "Piveteausaurus", "attribution": "Taquet and Welles 1977", "rawAttribution": "Taquet and Welles 1977", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38593", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Megalosauridae", "Eustreptospondylinae", "Piveteausaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38574", "67930", "38593" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38593", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Piveteausaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38593" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38593", "genus": "Piveteausaurus", "occurrenceId": "379672", "collectionId": "35909", "identifiedName": "? 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Authors confidentlyassignPlateosaurusviahistology; rawqualifieranddifferencefromdiagnosticwholebonepreserved." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220070", "collectionId": "22680", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus trossingensis", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus trossingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75731", "collectionReferenceId": "68149", "cc": "CH", "state": "Aargau", "county": "", "formation": "Klettgau", "member": "Gruhalde", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "\"Gruhalde\" clay quarry, Frick (Bed 65)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1555, Frick bonebed, Tonwerke Keller", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Bed 65 is bone-bearing layer, 8.2 m above Gansinger Dolomit and 1.9 m below Liassic Insektenmergel. Rhät missing at Frick, so this bed is equivalent to Knollenmergel, or upper Middle Keuper. Layer locally called the \"Obere bunte Mergelschichten\" = actually is lower part of Löwenstein Fm. Now the Gruhalde Member of the Klettgau Fm.", "geogcomments": "\"Gruhalde\" clay quarry, Frick, Kanton Aargau, Switzerland. Quarry of the Tonwerke Keller A. G. at Frick, coordinates 642-900/262-050." }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220082", "collectionId": "22683", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus trossingensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus trossingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26308", "collectionReferenceId": "26308", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "Freiburg", "formation": "Löwenstein", "member": "", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Trossingen - Obere Mühle (lower)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1558, Plateosaurus bonebed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"untere Knochenschicht\" of Knollenmergel, now considered to be the upper part of the Löwenstein Fm. (upper Norian)", "geogcomments": "cutbank of Trosselbach (Trossel Creek), near Obere Mühle (Upper Mill)" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "283828", "collectionId": "26998", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus longiceps", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus longiceps", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12994", "collectionReferenceId": "7466", "cc": "GL", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Ørsted Dal", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fleming Fjord", "collection_name": "western Sydkronen", "collection_aka": "area VIII, Jameson Land", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from the informal Bjergkronerne Beds; middle Norian", "geogcomments": "includes western side of Sydkronen and nearby parts of \"area VIII\" (not distinguished in text), Jameson Land, Greenland" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "479563", "collectionId": "47806", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12799", "collectionReferenceId": "12799", "cc": "CH", "state": "Schaffhausen", "county": "", "formation": "Klettgau", "member": "Gruhalde", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Santierge, Schleitheim", "collection_aka": "Schleitheim-Santierge", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Bratelen Bonebed (“Rhät-Bonebed”), was most probably derived from the uppermost part of the 'Zanclodonmergel‘(= Knollenmergel), now called Gruhalde Member of the Klettgau Formation, uppermost Norian", "geogcomments": "Santierge, a hill situated 900 m south of the church of Schleitheim in the Swiss Canton Schaffhausen" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486103", "collectionId": "48639", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus engelhardti", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus engelhardti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12994", "collectionReferenceId": "7187", "cc": "FR", "state": "Jura", "county": "Franche-Comte", "formation": "Marnes irisées supérieures", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Villette railroad cutting, Poligny", "collection_aka": "Arbois, Vilette", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Middle Keuper (Knollenmergel equivalent)", "geogcomments": "in the Villette railroad cutting, near Arbois, Poligny" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486104", "collectionId": "25836", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus engelhardti", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus engelhardti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12994", "collectionReferenceId": "52220", "cc": "FR", "state": "Jura", "county": "Franche-Comte", "formation": "Marnes irisées supérieures", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bois de Cassagne, Poligny", "collection_aka": "Dimodosaurus type, Bois de Chassagne", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Middle Keuper (Knollenmergel equivalent)", "geogcomments": "in a railroad cutting for the Bourg-Besançon railway line, Bois de Cassagne (= Chassagne), between Poligny and St. Lothain, SE France." }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486128", "collectionId": "36106", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15228", "collectionReferenceId": "9688", "cc": "FR", "state": "Lorraine", "county": "Meuthe-et-Moselle", "formation": "Grès à Avicula contorta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Saint-Nicolas-de-Port", "collection_aka": "Rossières-aux-Salines, Rosieres-aux-Salines", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Rhaetian? Perhaps equivalent to Knollenmergel (Cuny & Ramboer 1991)", "geogcomments": "The quarry belongs to the city of Rossières/Rosieres-aux-Salines, but its name comes from the larger (and farther) city of Saint-Nicolas-de-Port. Located 10 km ESE of Nancy" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486145", "collectionId": "48643", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12975", "collectionReferenceId": "45099", "cc": "FR", "state": "Jura", "county": "Franche-Comte", "formation": "Marnes de Châlins", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Le Fechaux", "collection_aka": "Lons-le-Saunier, Le Feschaux", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Le Fechaux (= Le Feschaux), in Lons-le-Saunier, Jura" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486393", "collectionId": "48683", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus engelhardti n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus engelhardti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23495", "collectionReferenceId": "23495", "cc": "DE", "state": "Bayern", "county": "", "formation": "Trossingen", "member": "Feuerletten", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Heroldsberg, Feuerletten", "collection_aka": "Plateosaurus type site, Nürnberg", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from Plateosaurus-Konglomerat (= \"Zanclodon-Breccie\") of the Feuerletten (= \"Zanclodon-Letten\"); equivalent to Knollenmergel or Trossingen Formation of the upper Middle Keuper, upper Norian (see Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission 2005: Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 253:1-296). \r\n", "geogcomments": "Clay pit at the Buchenbühl Hill, 2 km S of Heroldsberg, near Nürnberg (Nuremberg), Middle Franconia, Bavaria. Dorn (1930) thought that the site was actually between Heroldsberg and Günthersbühl, rather than the clay pit at Buchenbühl (as claimed by Blanckenhorn, 1897)." }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486402", "collectionId": "48687", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus quenstedti n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16920", "collectionReferenceId": "16920", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "", "formation": "Trossingen", "member": "Knollenmergel", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "\"Jächklinge\", Bl. 7420", "collection_aka": "Brandklinge, Pfrondorf, Tübingen", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle Upper Keuper, upper Norian, Knollenmergel", "geogcomments": "\"Jächklinge\" (= Brandklinge, \"Gähklinge\"?), in Tübingen-Pfrondorf, Bl. 7420 at 35-084, 53-796\r\n\"The field designation “Gecht” could also mean “Gechtbach”, which flows into “Tiefenbach” and most likely formed the Bradklinge\"" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486405", "collectionId": "48689", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus reinigeri n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16920", "collectionReferenceId": "16920", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "", "formation": "Trossingen", "member": "Knollenmergel", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Bl. 7220, Degerloch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Knollenmergel, upper Middle Keuper, late Norian", "geogcomments": "near Degerloch, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg; Bl. 7220, 35-11050, 54-01370" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486407", "collectionId": "48690", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus erlenbergiensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus erlenbergiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16920", "collectionReferenceId": "63160", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "", "formation": "Trossingen", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bl. 7220, Erlenberg", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "10 m below Lias boundary, Knollenmergel, upper Middle Keuper, upper Norian", "geogcomments": "Erlenberg, beween Stuttgart (6 km S) and Vaihingen, Bl. 7220, from a railway cutting at 35-08540, 54-00850" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486411", "collectionId": "22684", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus longiceps n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus longiceps", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25716", "collectionReferenceId": "53337", "cc": "DE", "state": "Sachsen-Anhalt", "county": "", "formation": "Trossingen", "member": "Knollenmergel", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit, Halberstadt (bed 18)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1559, Plateosaurus bonebed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Knollenmergel, upper Middle Keuper", "geogcomments": "Baerecke-Limpricht brick-clay pit, a little S of Halberstadt" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "527467", "collectionId": "53829", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14493", "collectionReferenceId": "14493", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Nottinghamshire", "formation": "Westbury", "member": "", "geological_group": "Penarth", "collection_name": "Staple Pit", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "South of Newark-upon-Trent, Nottinghamshire. National Grid Ref. SK 805499" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534736", "collectionId": "55321", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33897", "collectionReferenceId": "28936", "cc": "DE", "state": "Niedersachsen", "county": "", "formation": "Rhätkeuper", "member": "", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Langeberge, Hedeper", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Langeberge, near Hedeper, Wolfenbüttel district; coordinates for Hedeper" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "604143", "collectionId": "64316", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18552", "collectionReferenceId": "18552", "cc": "O2", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Lunde", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Snorre Field well 34/4-9S", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost part of upper member of formation; Early Rhaetian", "geogcomments": "from a core taken from well 34/4-9S, NW part of Snorre Field, N part of Norwegian North Sea, offshore blocks 34/4 and 34/7" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "632302", "collectionId": "47785", "identifiedName": "Sellosaurus gracilis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus gracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12791", "collectionReferenceId": "44572", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Wurttemberg", "county": "Stuttgart", "formation": "Löwenstein", "member": "Middle Stubensandstein", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Heslach quarries, Stuttgart, \"Heslacher Wand\"", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Middle Keuper; originally Middle Stubensandstein", "geogcomments": "Discoveries came from large quarry or chain of quarries, but locality data is imprecise. Most collections likely came from the \"Heslacher Wand\" cliff face at the mouth of the Nesnbach Valley to the east of Heslach. This large outcrop runs today for more than 200 metres from northwest to southeast (see Hungerbühler 1998: 380–383). Gauß-Krüger coordinates given by Hungerbühler (1998) are R 351058 H 540260. Note that this is distinct from the \"Billert\" quarry near Heslach that yielded abundant material of Aetosaurus. Note also that some of the specimens included here were listed by Hungerbühler (1998) as \"Heslach or Kaltental\". " }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "632303", "collectionId": "68038", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus gracilis", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus gracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19481", "collectionReferenceId": "44554", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Wurttemberg", "county": "", "formation": "Löwenstein", "member": "", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Aixheim", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "Aixheim, near Neuhaus, in Rottweil" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "632304", "collectionId": "47785", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus hermannianus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus gracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16920", "collectionReferenceId": "44572", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Wurttemberg", "county": "Stuttgart", "formation": "Löwenstein", "member": "Middle Stubensandstein", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Heslach quarries, Stuttgart, \"Heslacher Wand\"", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Middle Keuper; originally Middle Stubensandstein", "geogcomments": "Discoveries came from large quarry or chain of quarries, but locality data is imprecise. Most collections likely came from the \"Heslacher Wand\" cliff face at the mouth of the Nesnbach Valley to the east of Heslach. This large outcrop runs today for more than 200 metres from northwest to southeast (see Hungerbühler 1998: 380–383). Gauß-Krüger coordinates given by Hungerbühler (1998) are R 351058 H 540260. Note that this is distinct from the \"Billert\" quarry near Heslach that yielded abundant material of Aetosaurus. Note also that some of the specimens included here were listed by Hungerbühler (1998) as \"Heslach or Kaltental\". " }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "705707", "collectionId": "47800", "identifiedName": "Sellosaurus gracilis", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus gracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25583", "collectionReferenceId": "43877", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "", "formation": "Löwenstein", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Burrer Quarry, Pfaffenhofen", "collection_aka": "Burrerschen Quarry, Weisser Steinbruch, Heilbronn", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from \"untere Fäule\", originally assigned to lowermost marl band of Middle Stubensandstein. Middle Keuper, Middle Norian; now middle part of Löwenstein Fm.", "geogcomments": "Mr. A. Burrer Quarry, Weisser Steinbruch, near Pfaffenhofen (= Heilbronn), Stromberg region, NW of Ludwigsburg, Nordwürttemberg (now Baden-Württemberg) and SW of Brackenheim; on the height over Pfaffenhofen. Originally three separate operations that were combined: Heugel, Kleinarth, and Biedermann quarries." }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "705954", "collectionId": "75758", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus engelhardti", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus engelhardti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33788", "collectionReferenceId": "59084", "cc": "DE", "state": "Bayern", "county": "Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen", "formation": "Trossingen", "member": "Feuerletten", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Ellingen, \"Am Tiergärtle\"", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost Feuerletten which in the Ellingen area is 25 m thick and overlies the Upper Burgsandstein and underlies the Arietenkalksandstein of lower Sinemurian age. The Bavarian Feuerletten is equivalent to the Trossingen Formation of the upper Middle Keuper, and is upper Norian in age (see Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission 2005: Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 253:1-296). ", "geogcomments": "\"Am Tiergärtle\" locality, village of Ellingen, near the town of Weissenburg, 45 km S of Nuremberg (see map in Moser 2003:fig. 14)." }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "882064", "collectionId": "97818", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33788", "collectionReferenceId": "33788", "cc": "DE", "state": "Bayern", "county": "Nürnberger Land", "formation": "Feuerletten", "member": "", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Röthenbach", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "The \"Feuerletten\" of Bavaria is from the upper Middle Keuper and is equivalent to the Trossingen Formation of late Norian age (see Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission 2005: Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 253:1-296).", "geogcomments": "Railway cutting between Lauf and Röthenbach, NE of Nuremberg (Nürnberg), middle Franconia, Bavaria" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "930849", "collectionId": "105831", "identifiedName": "Sellosaurus gracilis", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus gracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25583", "collectionReferenceId": "35604", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "Tuttlingen", "formation": "Löwenstein", "member": "Mittlerer Stubensandstein", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Untere Mühle, Trossingen", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Quarry is within unit sc3 of the middle Stubensandstein", "geogcomments": "Bl. 7917/34 750 54 279" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "931121", "collectionId": "106563", "identifiedName": "? Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25375", "collectionReferenceId": "25375", "cc": "ZA", "state": "Eastern Cape", "county": "Lady Grey", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Welgedacht", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1104047", "collectionId": "139478", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44840", "collectionReferenceId": "44840", "cc": "DE", "state": "Bayern", "county": "Middle Franconia", "formation": "Trossingen", "member": "Feuerletten", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Buchenbühl, Nürnberg", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Plateosaurus-Konglomerat\" = Feuerletten", "geogcomments": "Buchenbühl, near Nürnberg" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1106462", "collectionId": "139922", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus elisae n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus elizae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45243", "collectionReferenceId": "46182", "cc": "FR", "state": "Champagne-Ardennes", "county": "Haute-Marne", "formation": "Grès de Infralias", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Provenchères-sur-Meuse", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally \"infra-Lias\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1106817", "collectionId": "140023", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45099", "collectionReferenceId": "77165", "cc": "FR", "state": "Champagne-Ardenne", "county": "Haute-Marne", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Violot", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "found in railway cutting at Violot, along the Culmont-Chalindrey-Gray railway" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1139540", "collectionId": "145209", "identifiedName": "cf. Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59610", "collectionReferenceId": "48739", "cc": "AR", "state": "Santa Cruz", "county": "Magallanes", "formation": "Laguna Colorada", "member": "", "geological_group": "El Tranquilo", "collection_name": "Estancia El Tranquilo", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper 250 m section of formation (900 m total section)", "geogcomments": "Estancia El Tranquilo, ca. 400 km NW of Puerto de San Julián, Magallanes Dpto. Continuous with Estancia Roca Blanca. Fossil outcrops in the area of temporary lakes \"Colorada\" (or \"de la Isla\") and \"del Toro.\"" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1164029", "collectionId": "149732", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33897", "collectionReferenceId": "33897", "cc": "DE", "state": "Niedersachsen", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bovenden", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bovenden" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1390020", "collectionId": "191140", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64450", "collectionReferenceId": "64450", "cc": "DE", "state": "Bayern", "county": "", "formation": "Bamberg", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kipfendorf, Coburg", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Cardinienbank", "geogcomments": "Kipfendorf, near Coburg" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1586158", "collectionId": "22682", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79090", "collectionReferenceId": "16913", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "", "formation": "Trossingen", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Trossingen - Obere Mühle (upper)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1557, Plateosaurus bonebed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Knollenmergel = Upper Stubensandstein", "geogcomments": "cutbank of Trosselbach (Trossel Creek), near Obere Mühle (Upper Mill)" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1586159", "collectionId": "22683", "identifiedName": "Plateosaurus trossingensis", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus trossingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83610", "collectionReferenceId": "26308", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "Freiburg", "formation": "Löwenstein", "member": "", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Trossingen - Obere Mühle (lower)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1558, Plateosaurus bonebed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"untere Knochenschicht\" of Knollenmergel, now considered to be the upper part of the Löwenstein Fm. (upper Norian)", "geogcomments": "cutbank of Trosselbach (Trossel Creek), near Obere Mühle (Upper Mill)" }, { "genusId": "38644", "genus": "Plateosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1586160", "collectionId": "22683", "identifiedName": "? Plateosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Plateosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79090", "collectionReferenceId": "26308", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "Freiburg", "formation": "Löwenstein", "member": "", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Trossingen - Obere Mühle (lower)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1558, Plateosaurus bonebed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"untere Knochenschicht\" of Knollenmergel, now considered to be the upper part of the Löwenstein Fm. 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(upper Norian)", "geogcomments": "cutbank of Trosselbach (Trossel Creek), near Obere Mühle (Upper Mill)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Plateosauridae", "Plateosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Plateosauridae", "genus:38644" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443778", "38644" ], "candidateIds": [ "443778", "38644" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "374254", "name": "Platypelta", "displayName": "Platypelta", "attribution": "Penkalski 2018", "rawAttribution": "Penkalski 2018", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=374254", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Euoplocephalini", "Platypelta" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52798", "374251", "374254" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=374254", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Platypelta", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=374254" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "374254", "genus": "Platypelta", "occurrenceId": "564562", "collectionId": "58957", "identifiedName": "Platypelta coombsi", "acceptedName": "Platypelta coombsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 52, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 103, ROM, U.T.34", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "N 1/2, sec 2, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian; UTM NAD83 E470035.390, N5623289.679" }, { "genusId": "374254", "genus": "Platypelta", "occurrenceId": "585226", "collectionId": "61625", "identifiedName": "Platypelta coombsi", "acceptedName": "Platypelta coombsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "17480", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "south of Sternberg Quarry 79 (ROM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "about 0.5 mi (0.81 km) S of Sternberg locality 79" }, { "genusId": "374254", "genus": "Platypelta", "occurrenceId": "1200019", "collectionId": "155220", "identifiedName": "? Platypelta coombsi", "acceptedName": "Platypelta coombsi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "46759", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "near Hilda #1, South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 13, S8, T18, R3, W4 “...in the vicinity of Hilda 1 which is a micro site…The ankylosaur site would be higher than the micro site and on the main valley wall as opposed to out on the point where the micro site and the ceratopsian sites were.” LA Lindoe, July 2012 cited in ref 46759" }, { "genusId": "374254", "genus": "Platypelta", "occurrenceId": "1200164", "collectionId": "52476", "identifiedName": "Platypelta coombsi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Platypelta coombsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "10410", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (125 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "125 ft above R bank, Little Sandhill Creek, Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "374254", "genus": "Platypelta", "occurrenceId": "1200172", "collectionId": "155027", "identifiedName": "Platypelta coombsi", "acceptedName": "Platypelta coombsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "17480", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "13.5 miles southeast of Manyberries (NMC)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"below the middle of the section exposed at this spot.”", "geogcomments": "13. 5 mi a little E of S of Manyberries. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "214885", "name": "Pneumatoraptor", "displayName": "Pneumatoraptor", "attribution": "Osi et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Osi et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=214885", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Pneumatoraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "214885" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "This conservative unknown set prevents misleading carnivore certainty; it is not an assertion that herbivory or omnivory is demonstrated. Use another clue unless narrower reviewed anatomical evidence is supplied.; Coelurosauria/Paraves/Maniraptora alone is not a uniform ecological bracket. This task has no attributable genus-specific feeding evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=214885", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pneumatoraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=214885" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "214885", "genus": "Pneumatoraptor", "occurrenceId": "869872", "collectionId": "48722", "identifiedName": "Pneumatoraptor fodori n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pneumatoraptor fodori", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32758", "collectionReferenceId": "15353", "cc": "HU", "state": "Veszprém", "county": "", "formation": "Csehbánya", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Iharkút mine, Bakony mountains (Unit 1)", "collection_aka": "Németbánya, Iharkut, SZ-6", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two bone-bearing beds within section, approx. 0.5 m apart", "geogcomments": "NE side of an open-pit bauxite mine, Iharkút,Veszprém County, Bakony Mtns., Transdanubian Range, western Hungary. An open-pit bauxite mine in the location of the former village of Iharkút in the Bakony Mountains, Veszprém county, western Hungary (Rabi et al. 2012). Note that not all of the fossils are from the same spot in the mine, but all are from the same stratigraphic level. Includes all the Unit 1 sites, e.g. SZ-6 (S part of the open pit)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Pneumatoraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "genus:214885" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38565", "214885" ], "candidateIds": [ "38565", "214885" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "52784", "name": "Polacanthus", "displayName": "Polacanthus", "attribution": "Fox 1866", "rawAttribution": "Fox 1866", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52784", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Polacanthus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "52784" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52784", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Polacanthus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52784" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "263353", "collectionId": "25428", "identifiedName": "Polacanthus foxii", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus foxii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7123", "collectionReferenceId": "7123", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Vectis", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Compton Bay beach (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Vectis Fm. = Wealden Shales; fossil from the \"basal bed\"", "geogcomments": "on Compton Bay beach west of Hanover Point, near Brook, Isle of Wight. Only accessible at very low tide. Coordinates for Hanover Point. NGR = SZ 374 845" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "280990", "collectionId": "26799", "identifiedName": "Polacanthus foxii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus foxii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7427", "collectionReferenceId": "29197", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "east of Barne's Chine (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "Polacanthus type, Barnes High", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Wealden Marls", "geogcomments": "\"a short distance\" E of Barne's Chine (Barnes High), near Brixton (now Brighstone) Bay, Isle of Wight, UK; NW of Cowleaze Chine' NGR = SZ 443 806. Fox describes site as \"between Black Gang and Brooke\"" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "497832", "collectionId": "50291", "identifiedName": "cf. Polacanthus sp.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7903", "collectionReferenceId": "13501", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y León", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Pinilla de los Moros", "member": "", "geological_group": "Urbión", "collection_name": "Los Peñucos-La Ballesta (S-2)", "collection_aka": "Salas de los Infantes, El Castro, Castrovido", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "alternately assigned to the Pinilla de los Moros Formation, then Castrillo de la Reina", "geogcomments": "near Salas de los Infantes, 70 km SE of Burgos, N central Spain; from the \"El Castro\" area of Castrovido" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "527947", "collectionId": "53891", "identifiedName": "? Polacanthus sp.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45717", "collectionReferenceId": "14497", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "foreshore, Chilton Chine", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "bed L5; \"Plant debris bed L5 lies close to the base of the exposed Wessex Formation on the Island, which is thought to be earliest Barremian in age (Lockwood et al., 2021).\"", "geogcomments": "foreshore of the Isle of Wight, ca. 50 m W of Chilton Chine, \"in an area which forms part of the Compton Chine to Steephill Cove Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), the Compton to Atherfield Geological Conservation Review site, and the Isle of Wight Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.\" Specimen excavation was in a landslip." }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "528255", "collectionId": "53952", "identifiedName": "Polacanthus foxii", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus foxii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17002", "collectionReferenceId": "17002", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Ferruginous Sands", "member": "", "geological_group": "Lower Greensand", "collection_name": "Whale Chine (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Whale Chine" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "566802", "collectionId": "59350", "identifiedName": "Polacanthus rudgwickensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus rudgwickensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13933", "collectionReferenceId": "13933", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Rudgwick Brickworks Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Rudgwick Brickworks Company quarry, Rudgwick, Sussex; NGR TQ 085 343/ TQ 083343" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "566804", "collectionId": "59353", "identifiedName": "Polacanthus sp.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17002", "collectionReferenceId": "17071", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Sandown Bay", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally described as \"Hastings Sands\", but these beds do not outcrop on the Isle of Wight; now considered Wealden Marls = Wessex Fm.", "geogcomments": "Sandown Bay, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "583819", "collectionId": "61327", "identifiedName": "Polacanthus sp.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17692", "collectionReferenceId": "17655", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valenciana", "county": "Castellón", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 3", "collection_aka": "CMP-3, CMP-3b, CMP-3c", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Arcillas de Morella\"\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.", "geogcomments": "Cantera Mas de la Parreta, Morella; includes areas CMP-3, 3b, and 3c" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "583821", "collectionId": "61408", "identifiedName": "Polacanthus sp.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59501", "collectionReferenceId": "59501", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Piedrahita de Muñó", "member": "", "geological_group": "Urbión", "collection_name": "Fuente Espudia", "collection_aka": "Salas de los Infantes", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. assigned to Pinilla de los Moros Fm.; this formation also = Castrillo de la Reina", "geogcomments": "Fuente Espudia, near Salas de los Infantes, 70 km SE of Burgos, N central Spain" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "636404", "collectionId": "59069", "identifiedName": "Polacanthus sp.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78325", "collectionReferenceId": "55500", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Soria", "formation": "Golmayo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Enciso", "collection_name": "Zorralbo 1, Golmayo", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. assigned (incorrectly) to Urbión Group and then Tera Group.", "geogcomments": "Zorralbo, near Golmayo, 5 km W of Soria; UTM 30 TWM394238" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "717828", "collectionId": "77057", "identifiedName": "Vectensia sp. n. gen.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26085", "collectionReferenceId": "26085", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "SE face Barnes High, Isle of Wight", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from uppermost of two lignite and bone beds in the formation; = Wealden Marls", "geogcomments": "Barnes High, Isle of Wight, low foreshore cliff below SE face, grid ref SZ 439805" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "871960", "collectionId": "96622", "identifiedName": "Polacanthus sp.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32811", "collectionReferenceId": "32811", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "East Sussex", "formation": "Wadhurst Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Pevensey Pit, Ashdown Brickworks (Polacanthus Bed)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"exposes a sequence of the Lower Tunbridge Wells Sands\" Hastings beds; three closely related layers within a ca. 40 cm sequence. Also described as \"mid-way within the Wadhurst Clay Formation\"", "geogcomments": "\"situated adjacent to Turkey Road, northwest of Bexhill, East Sussex at TQ 720 095\"" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "1111939", "collectionId": "60845", "identifiedName": "? Polacanthus sp.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45717", "collectionReferenceId": "17533", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "Sudmoor Point Sandstone", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Sedmore Point, Isle of Wight (MIWG)", "collection_aka": "Sudmore, Sudmoor", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a plant debris bed", "geogcomments": "sea cliffs at Sedmore (Sudmoor) Point, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "1211341", "collectionId": "64776", "identifiedName": "Polacanthus foxi", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus foxii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51648", "collectionReferenceId": "18695", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "Wessex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Yaverland, Sandown (MIWG)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"presumed to have come from the Wealden Marls\"", "geogcomments": "on the shore at Yaverland, Sandown, Isle of Wight" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "1273407", "collectionId": "52258", "identifiedName": "Polacanthus sp.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12793", "collectionReferenceId": "63769", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Sussex", "formation": "Tunbridge Wells Sand", "member": "Grinstead Clay", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Tilgate Forest, Cuckfield", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "'Hastings Beds' now a subgroup that includes the Ashdown Formation, the Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation. Bed is the \"Tilgate Grit.\"", "geogcomments": "Tilgate Forest area, near Cuckfield, West Sussex; TQ 2735" }, { "genusId": "52784", "genus": "Polacanthus", "occurrenceId": "1373954", "collectionId": "187572", "identifiedName": "Polacanthus becklesi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Polacanthus foxii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17002", "collectionReferenceId": "62958", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Isle of Wight", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wealden", "collection_name": "Isle of Wight (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unknown locality on the Isle of Wight, England. Coordinates for town of Brook. Originally listed as from Hastings but doubted by Lydekker and Dawson." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Polacanthus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:52784" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "candidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "439823", "name": "Portellsaurus", "displayName": "Portellsaurus", "attribution": "Santos-Cubedo et al. 2021", "rawAttribution": "Santos-Cubedo et al. 2021", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=439823", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Portellsaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "439823" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "370731", "name": "Powellvenator", "displayName": "Powellvenator", "attribution": "Ezcurra 2017", "rawAttribution": "Ezcurra 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=370731", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Coelophysoidea", "Coelophysidae", "Powellvenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "55476", "55478", "370731" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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(2004)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Coelophysoidea", "Coelophysidae", "Powellvenator" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Coelophysoidea", "clade:Coelophysidae", "genus:370731" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370733", "101006", "370731" ], "candidateIds": [ "370733", "101006", "370731" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "110385", "name": "Pradhania", "displayName": "Pradhania", "attribution": "Kutty et al. 2007", "rawAttribution": "Kutty et al. 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=110385", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Pradhania" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "56621", "110385" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Massospondylidae › Pradhania; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Infer predominantly plant-based feeding from close relatives; do not claim observed meals or exclude occasional animal consumption.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=110385", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pradhania", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=110385" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "110385", "genus": "Pradhania", "occurrenceId": "706066", "collectionId": "75761", "identifiedName": "Pradhania gracilis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pradhania gracilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25610", "collectionReferenceId": "25610", "cc": "IN", "state": "Andhra Pradesh", "county": "Adilabad", "formation": "Dharmaram", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Gondwana", "collection_name": "Krishnapur north (ISI R265)", "collection_aka": "Pradhania type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "described as from Sironcha, near Maleri, in the Pranhita-Godavari Valley, but map and coordinates in red 25610 are NW of this area, which is N of Krishnapur village, in the Adilabad district" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Pradhania" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Massospondylidae", "genus:110385" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38641", "110385" ], "candidateIds": [ "38641", "110385" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38790", "name": "Prenocephale", "displayName": "Prenocephale", "attribution": "Maryańska and Osmólska 1974", "rawAttribution": "Maryańska and Osmólska 1974", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38790", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Eupachycephalosauria", "Prenocephale" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38782", "427307", "38790" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38790", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Prenocephale", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38790" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38790", "genus": "Prenocephale", "occurrenceId": "479750", "collectionId": "47821", "identifiedName": "Prenocephale sp.", "acceptedName": "Prenocephale", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12808", "collectionReferenceId": "12808", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 362", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "E branch, Hunter Wash" }, { "genusId": "38790", "genus": "Prenocephale", "occurrenceId": "1058801", "collectionId": "127681", "identifiedName": "Prenocephale sp.", "acceptedName": "Prenocephale", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86067", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Khushu [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tsagan Khusku, Tsagan Usu, Tsagan Hushu", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-28-5811; E: 100-21-3479; A: 1334m. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "hadrosaur-saurolophine-working-model", "rationale": "Reconcile imported traditional crestless-hadrosaur branches with the chosen basal-Hadrosaurus topology; preserve all finer descendants and apply the Hadrosaurus genus override last. This is a topology choice, not a synonym assertion.", "references": [ { "id": "addendum-madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary article indexed full-text extracts of the Hadrosaurinae, Saurolophinae and Brachylophosaurini entries; direct PMC open CAPTCHA and PeerJ open 403.", "finding": "Hadrosaurinae has Hadrosaurus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier. Saurolophinae has Saurolophus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier, with an additional exclusion condition for Hadrosaurus. These names are topology-dependent alternatives for the Saurolophus branch; they are not unconditional synonyms. Brachylophosaurini explicitly excludes Hadrosaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn656search0", "turn659search0" ] }, { "id": "addendum-ma2026", "title": "First Report of a Hollow Cranial Crest in an Early-Diverging Duck-Billed Dinosaur, with Implications for Convergent Evolution of Acoustic Signaling", "doi": "10.3390/biology15080615", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/15/8/615", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-04-13", "access": "Primary publisher indexed full-text section 5; direct open 429.", "finding": "Updated hadrosauroid analysis recovers Hadrosaurus as the earliest-diverging hadrosaurid, separate from Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae. This supplies a recent primary precedent for the chosen basal placement.", "webRefs": [ "turn670search0" ] } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Saurolophinae", "clade:Brachylophosaurini", "genus:372649" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "candidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38602", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Proceratosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38602" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38602", "genus": "Proceratosaurus", "occurrenceId": "464526", "collectionId": "45883", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus bradleyi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Proceratosaurus bradleyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12213", "collectionReferenceId": "12213", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Gloucestershire", "formation": "White Limestone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Great Oolite", "collection_name": "Minchinhampton reservoir (BMNH R4860)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "not known whether from Lucinia Beds (middle Bathonian) or Ornithella Beds (upper Bathonian) [P. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38517", "name": "Procompsognathus", "displayName": "Procompsognathus", "attribution": "Fraas 1913", "rawAttribution": "Fraas 1913", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38517", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Coelophysoidea", "Coelophysidae", "Procompsognathus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "55476", "55478", "38517" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38517", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Procompsognathus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38517" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38517", "genus": "Procompsognathus", "occurrenceId": "728364", "collectionId": "47800", "identifiedName": "Procompsognathus triassicus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Procompsognathus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26308", "collectionReferenceId": "43877", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "", "formation": "Löwenstein", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Burrer Quarry, Pfaffenhofen", "collection_aka": "Burrerschen Quarry, Weisser Steinbruch, Heilbronn", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from \"untere Fäule\", originally assigned to lowermost marl band of Middle Stubensandstein. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; 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Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66067", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Protarchaeopteryx", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66067" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66067", "genus": "Protarchaeopteryx", "occurrenceId": "130294", "collectionId": "10764", "identifiedName": "Protarchaeopteryx robusta n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Protarchaeopteryx robusta", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4006", "collectionReferenceId": "19421", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Sihetun, Yixian Member 3 (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "authors use \"Jiulongsong Member\" of \"Chaomidianzi Formation\", but this is lower part of Yixian", "geogcomments": "Sihetun area near Beipiao city" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Protarchaeopteryx" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "genus:66067" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38615", "66065", "64890", "261035", "66067", "502773" ], "candidateIds": [ "66065", "261035", "66067" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "yixian", "jianshangou" ], "label": "Jianshangou Member · Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "130294", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Caudipteryx", "Protarchaeopteryx" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Ningyuansaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Avimimus", "Incisivosaurus", "Yuanyanglong" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Caudipteryx": [ "130295", "537314" ], "Protarchaeopteryx": [ "130294" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66065", "261035", "66067" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "472223", "name": "Protathlitis", "displayName": "Protathlitis", "attribution": "Santos-Cubedo et al. 2023", "rawAttribution": "Santos-Cubedo et al. 2023", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=472223", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Baryonychinae", "Protathlitis" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38595", "58892", "472223" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=472223", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Protathlitis", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=472223" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "472223", "genus": "Protathlitis", "occurrenceId": "1274459", "collectionId": "169162", "identifiedName": "Protathlitis cinctorrensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Protathlitis cinctorrensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84796", "collectionReferenceId": "55386", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castellón", "county": "Els Ports", "formation": "Arcillas de Morella", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "ANA quarry, Cinctorres", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "37 m above base of formation\r\n\r\nVillanueva-Amadoz et al. 2015: A Barremian age for this formation is established by its position below the Barremian – Aptian boundary, recently located based on ammonoids in the overlying Forcall Formation from the same sub-basin.", "geogcomments": "1500 m N of the town of Cinctorres, near Mas Roig" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Baryonychinae", "Protathlitis" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Spinosauridae", "clade:Baryonychinae", "genus:472223" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58891", "472223", "502838", "397944" ], "candidateIds": [ "58891", "472223", "502838", "397944" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38848", "name": "Protoceratops", "displayName": "Protoceratops", "attribution": "Granger and Gregory 1923", "rawAttribution": "Granger and Gregory 1923", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38848", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Protoceratopsidae", "Protoceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "52774", "52819", "38845", "38848" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38848", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Protoceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38848" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/protoceratops.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "220091", "collectionId": "22685", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63431", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Toogreeg Shire [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1560, 1561, Fighting dinosaurs, Tugrikin Shire", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_min; several localities in the outcrop area with no specific stratigraphic information given", "geogcomments": "Toogreeg Shire, 50 km W of Bayn Dzak, Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "387357", "collectionId": "37009", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9902", "collectionReferenceId": "9902", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak site [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition 3, Shabarak Usu", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bayn Dzak (= Shabarak Usu), Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "387369", "collectionId": "37013", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9901", "collectionReferenceId": "9901", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak, site 2 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions 2/3", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "one 10-m thick bed", "geogcomments": "Bayn Dzak (= Bain Dzak, Shabarak Usu), Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "387388", "collectionId": "37016", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9901", "collectionReferenceId": "9899", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak site [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bayn Dzak (= Shabarakh Usu), Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "387405", "collectionId": "37022", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9899", "collectionReferenceId": "10137", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "southern and eastern Nemegt Basin", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Nemegtu", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Lower Nemegt Beds = Barun Goyot Fm.; the \"barren series\" (\"nemaya tolshcha\")", "geogcomments": "E and S part of Nemegt basin (Southern Monadnocks, Red Monadnocks, and Red Walls) [no distinctions made], Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "393070", "collectionId": "37806", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops hellenikorhinus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops hellenikorhinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10057", "collectionReferenceId": "10057", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Bayan Nor", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SBDE Quarry 95BM1 Bayan Mandahu", "collection_aka": "Sino-Belgian Dinosaur Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "possibly correlated with Djadokhta Formation", "geogcomments": "Bayan Mandahu, Urad Houqi Banner, Bayan Nor League, Inner Mongolia, China." }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "404797", "collectionId": "28243", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9899", "collectionReferenceId": "9899", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermeen Tsav II, Middle Red Beds [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Khermin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also \"Red Beds of Khermeen Tsav\"", "geogcomments": "10 km NE of Khermeen Tsav I, about 50 km SW of Naran Bulak" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "404936", "collectionId": "38829", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops hellenikorhinus", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops hellenikorhinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10057", "collectionReferenceId": "10057", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Bayan Nor", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SBDE Quarry 96BM1 Bayan Mandahu", "collection_aka": "Sino-Belgian Dinosaur Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "possibly correlated with Djadokhta Formation", "geogcomments": "Bayan Mandahu, Urad Houqi Banner, Bayan Nor League, Inner Mongolia, China." }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "404938", "collectionId": "38830", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops hellenikorhinus", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops hellenikorhinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10057", "collectionReferenceId": "10057", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Bayan Nor", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SBDE Quarry 96BM2, Bayan Mandahu", "collection_aka": "Sino-Belgian Dinosaur Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "possibly correlated with Djadokhta Formation", "geogcomments": "Bayan Mandahu, Urad Houqi banner, Bayan Nor league, Inner Mongolia, China" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "404940", "collectionId": "38831", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops hellenikorhinus", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops hellenikorhinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10057", "collectionReferenceId": "10057", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Bayan Nor", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SBDE Quarry 96BM5, Bayan Mandahu", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bayan Mandahu, Urad Houqi Banner, Bayan Nor League, Inner Mongolia, China" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "404941", "collectionId": "38832", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops hellenikorhinus", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops hellenikorhinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10057", "collectionReferenceId": "10057", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Bayan Nor", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SBDE Quarry 96BM6, Bayan Mandahu", "collection_aka": "Sino-Belgian Dinosaur Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "possibly correlated with Djadokhta Formation", "geogcomments": "Bayan Mandahu, Urad Houqi Banner, Bayan Nor League, Inner Mongolia, China." }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "465794", "collectionId": "46152", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14566", "collectionReferenceId": "14566", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shabarakh Usu (AMNH loc. 12049)", "collection_aka": "Protoceratops type, Flaming Cliffs, Bayn Dzak, Kwei-wa-ting trail, Bayan Zag", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"There are no radioisotopic dates from beds in the sequence that produce the Bayn Dzak fauna. According to different authors, its age has been reported to range from Cenomanian to Early Maastrichtian. Berkey and Morris (1927) placed it in the early Late Cretaceous. Polish authors variously assigned it to a range between the Coniacian and the Santonian (Gradziński et al., 1969; Kielan-Jaworowska, 1969, 1970, 1974; Kielan Jaworowska and Dovchin, 1969; Lefeld, 1965, 1971). McKenna (1969) suggested a Cenomanian age. Rozhdestvensky, in his study of Mongolian dinosaurs (1971), inferred the probable age of the fauna to be late Santonian or possibly early Campanian. Fox (1978) suggested a Campanian age based on comparisons between Mongolian, American, and Canadian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous. Lillegraven and McKenna (1986) considered the Bayn Dzak fauna to be of Campanian-Early Maastrichtian age. Jerzykiewicz et al. (1993) and Eberth (1993) assign a Campanian age to the Djadokhta faunas from both Bayan Mandahu and Bayn Dzak. Most recently, Averianov (1997) tentatively agreed with Gradziński et al. (1977) that the fauna from the Djadokhta Formation is early Campanian in age, based on comparisons of mammalian and marine taxa from the Darbasa Formation of Kazakhstan. So, although most recent workers have assigned a Campanian age to the fauna from the Djadokhta, there has historically been little consensus among biochronologic age estimates and no evidence independent of faunal comparisons.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 2005)\r\n\"The presence of reversed magnetozones in both the Flaming Cliffs and Khren Tsav sections means that most of these units must be younger than Chron 34n—the upper boundary of which represents the boundary between the Santonian and the Campanian at about 83.5 Ma (Gradstein et al., 1995). The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones in the Flaming Cliffs section suggests that the sediments were deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian incorporating the end of Chron 33 and Chron 32 between about 75 and 71 Ma (Gradstein et al., 1995)... Previous biochronologic age estimates taken in conjunction with this new magnetostratigraphic data suggest that the fossiliferous sediments of the Djadokhta Formation were most likely deposited during the quick succession of normal and reversed intervals in the late Campanian between 71 and 75 Ma.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 2005)", "geogcomments": "on Kwei-wa-ting trail, E of Artsa Bogdo, Gobi Desert, Mongolia; at Shabarakh Usu (= Flaming Cliffs)" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "520882", "collectionId": "53229", "identifiedName": "Bainoceratops efremovi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18696", "collectionReferenceId": "14386", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak (PIN coll. 614) [MPE/SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Shabarak Usu, Bayan Zag", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "534079", "collectionId": "55253", "identifiedName": "aff. Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14738", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tel Ulan Chaltsai III [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tel Ulan Shalcha, TUC-III, Tel Ulan Chartai", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Sain-Shand, nearby sites of TUC-I and TUC-II are not listed as having produced fossils.\r\nJMJPE visited Tel Ulan Chaltsai in 1993 and 1994, and collected\r\nfour egg nests. N: 45-06-16.61; E: 110-21-54.14; A: 1330m" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "534083", "collectionId": "55256", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops cf. andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50165", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugrikin Shire I [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 44-13-42.28; E: 103-18-09.70; A: 1043m\r\n35 km W of Bayn Dzak" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "594487", "collectionId": "62927", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82280", "collectionReferenceId": "18146", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chimney Buttes (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "about 2 km NE of Bulgan, close to Tögrögiin Shiree" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "659316", "collectionId": "53229", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7347", "collectionReferenceId": "14386", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak (PIN coll. 614) [MPE/SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Shabarak Usu, Bayan Zag", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "740417", "collectionId": "79605", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26718", "collectionReferenceId": "26718", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "Miaogou", "formation": "Miaogou", "member": "", "geological_group": "Eribugai", "collection_name": "Miaogou, Chaoshui Basin (Miaogou Fm.)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Miaogou section, Chaoshui Basin" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1051445", "collectionId": "127668", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42153", "collectionReferenceId": "42153", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Shabarak Usu, Shavarakh Us", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "turtle from the upper fluvial horizon; remainder from lower eolian horizon", "geogcomments": "N: 44-08-4251; E: 103-43-1741; A: 1275m. 20 km E of Bulgan somon, nearly 35 km E of Turgrikin Shire." }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1051448", "collectionId": "129749", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82301", "collectionReferenceId": "42153", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugrikin Shire II [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Arrived at Tugrikin Shire. The group set the camp on the top of pediment, 26.2 km from Bulgan. N: 44-13-58.3; E: 103-17-19.5; A: 1085 m\r\nBy short searching, Protoceratops skeletons and isolated skulls were found. This area rich in fossils was named as Tugrikin Shire - II (TS-H) in 1993." }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1058702", "collectionId": "127678", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42154", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zhinst Tolgoi, Udyn Sayr [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Udan Sayr,", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "-upper horizon\r\n-possibly Baruungoyot Fm. (Czepinksi 2020)\r\n-Dashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Zhinst Tolgoi of Udyn Sayr (coordinates for base camp at Zhinst Tolgoi); N: 44-05-3917; E: 102-54-3316; A: 1327m" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1198531", "collectionId": "127678", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50510", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zhinst Tolgoi, Udyn Sayr [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Udan Sayr,", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "-upper horizon\r\n-possibly Baruungoyot Fm. (Czepinksi 2020)\r\n-Dashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Zhinst Tolgoi of Udyn Sayr (coordinates for base camp at Zhinst Tolgoi); N: 44-05-3917; E: 102-54-3316; A: 1327m" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1198532", "collectionId": "127678", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops cf. andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50510", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zhinst Tolgoi, Udyn Sayr [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Udan Sayr,", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "-upper horizon\r\n-possibly Baruungoyot Fm. (Czepinksi 2020)\r\n-Dashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Zhinst Tolgoi of Udyn Sayr (coordinates for base camp at Zhinst Tolgoi); N: 44-05-3917; E: 102-54-3316; A: 1327m" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1239413", "collectionId": "163255", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53146", "collectionReferenceId": "53146", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugruk [GPIT]", "collection_aka": "Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire, Tugrikin-Shiren, Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrugeen Shireh", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "4 fossiliferous levels", "geogcomments": "Tugruk, 47 km NW of Bayn Dzak (= Bayen Sak)" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1244131", "collectionId": "100261", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53760", "collectionReferenceId": "42293", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omngov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Toosgot sub-locality, Abdrant Nuru", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper part of local section, unnamed beds - assigned to Djadokhta Formation in Suzuki et al. 2004", "geogcomments": "Toosgot sub-locality, Abdrant Nuru fossil site, 140 km NW of Dalanzadgad. 44-31-19.98 N, 103-09-16.65 E, 965 m." }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1244140", "collectionId": "130798", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82280", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ömnögovi Aimag", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dzamin Khond [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Dzamyn Khond, Zamyn Khond, Dzamyn Khondt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 44-03-0478; E: 102-49-1971; A: 1466m. 9 km SW of Udyn Sayr." }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1244248", "collectionId": "46152", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13060", "collectionReferenceId": "14566", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shabarakh Usu (AMNH loc. 12049)", "collection_aka": "Protoceratops type, Flaming Cliffs, Bayn Dzak, Kwei-wa-ting trail, Bayan Zag", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"There are no radioisotopic dates from beds in the sequence that produce the Bayn Dzak fauna. According to different authors, its age has been reported to range from Cenomanian to Early Maastrichtian. Berkey and Morris (1927) placed it in the early Late Cretaceous. Polish authors variously assigned it to a range between the Coniacian and the Santonian (Gradziński et al., 1969; Kielan-Jaworowska, 1969, 1970, 1974; Kielan Jaworowska and Dovchin, 1969; Lefeld, 1965, 1971). McKenna (1969) suggested a Cenomanian age. Rozhdestvensky, in his study of Mongolian dinosaurs (1971), inferred the probable age of the fauna to be late Santonian or possibly early Campanian. Fox (1978) suggested a Campanian age based on comparisons between Mongolian, American, and Canadian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous. Lillegraven and McKenna (1986) considered the Bayn Dzak fauna to be of Campanian-Early Maastrichtian age. Jerzykiewicz et al. (1993) and Eberth (1993) assign a Campanian age to the Djadokhta faunas from both Bayan Mandahu and Bayn Dzak. Most recently, Averianov (1997) tentatively agreed with Gradziński et al. (1977) that the fauna from the Djadokhta Formation is early Campanian in age, based on comparisons of mammalian and marine taxa from the Darbasa Formation of Kazakhstan. So, although most recent workers have assigned a Campanian age to the fauna from the Djadokhta, there has historically been little consensus among biochronologic age estimates and no evidence independent of faunal comparisons.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 2005)\r\n\"The presence of reversed magnetozones in both the Flaming Cliffs and Khren Tsav sections means that most of these units must be younger than Chron 34n—the upper boundary of which represents the boundary between the Santonian and the Campanian at about 83.5 Ma (Gradstein et al., 1995). The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones in the Flaming Cliffs section suggests that the sediments were deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian incorporating the end of Chron 33 and Chron 32 between about 75 and 71 Ma (Gradstein et al., 1995)... Previous biochronologic age estimates taken in conjunction with this new magnetostratigraphic data suggest that the fossiliferous sediments of the Djadokhta Formation were most likely deposited during the quick succession of normal and reversed intervals in the late Campanian between 71 and 75 Ma.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 2005)", "geogcomments": "on Kwei-wa-ting trail, E of Artsa Bogdo, Gobi Desert, Mongolia; at Shabarakh Usu (= Flaming Cliffs)" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1269317", "collectionId": "59360", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55067", "collectionReferenceId": "55067", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bor Tolgoi [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "BLG, Bortolgoi", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "? Djadokhta age", "geogcomments": "Bor Tolgoi (= BLG, Bortolgoi), ca. 7 km N of Dzamin Khond, S of Arts Bogd Mtns. 44-06-03 N, 102-47-30 E, 1319 m" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1269341", "collectionId": "168808", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82301", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugrikin Shire III [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Arrived at Tugrikin Shire. The group set the camp on the top of pediment, 26.2 km from Bulgan. N: 44-13-58.3; E: 103-17-19.5; A: 1085 m" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1271468", "collectionId": "168986", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82301", "collectionReferenceId": "42291", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugrikin Shire V [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Arrived at Tugrikin Shire. The group set the camp on the top of pediment, 26.2 km from Bulgan. N: 44-13-58.3; E: 103-17-19.5; A: 1085 m" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1271471", "collectionId": "168987", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82301", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugrikin Shire IV [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Arrived at Tugrikin Shire. The group set the camp on the top of pediment, 26.2 km from Bulgan. N: 44-13-58.3; E: 103-17-19.5; A: 1085 m" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1328396", "collectionId": "167657", "identifiedName": "? Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59136", "collectionReferenceId": "59136", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Alagteeg", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aleg Teeg [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Alag Teg; Alag Teg, Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Also specimens from Djadokhta Formation\r\nlower section of Alagteeg Fm.", "geogcomments": "central Gobi, 3 km N of Toogreeg Shire. N: 44-15-2458; E: 103-17-5569; A: 982m\r\nSome specimens from northern hills, others from southern main cliff" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1341986", "collectionId": "181417", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10453", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khulsan, site 4 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Lower Nemegt Beds\"", "geogcomments": "near 1971 PMPE camp" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1431950", "collectionId": "118259", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7347", "collectionReferenceId": "7347", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugrikiyn-Shire [SMPE] (PIN coll. 3143)", "collection_aka": "Tugrikin Shire, Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire, Toogreekiyn-Shireh, Tugrikin-Us", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1472258", "collectionId": "205652", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops hellenikorhinus", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops hellenikorhinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84659", "collectionReferenceId": "70504", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Alxa", "formation": "Wulansuhai", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayan Tal, Alaten Obo", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "no stratigraphic layer indicated", "geogcomments": "Bayan Tal, near the town of Alaten Obo, Alxa Right Banner, Alxa League, western Inner Mongolia" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1603837", "collectionId": "154402", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82283", "collectionReferenceId": "14217", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "Umunugovi Aimag", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gilbentu [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Gilbent Uul, Gil'bent", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "also listed as Nemegt Fm.", "geogcomments": "Based on locality Shiregin Gashun" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1603838", "collectionId": "226776", "identifiedName": "Protoceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82280", "collectionReferenceId": "82280", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shurguul, Sevrei sum", "collection_aka": "Shurg Uul", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shurguul (Shurg Uul), Sevrei sum (incorrectly listed as Dornogov province)" }, { "genusId": "38848", "genus": "Protoceratops", "occurrenceId": "1706128", "collectionId": "127668", "identifiedName": "cf. Protoceratops andrewsi", "acceptedName": "Protoceratops andrewsi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92746", "collectionReferenceId": "42153", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Shabarak Usu, Shavarakh Us", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "turtle from the upper fluvial horizon; remainder from lower eolian horizon", "geogcomments": "N: 44-08-4251; E: 103-43-1741; A: 1275m. 20 km E of Bulgan somon, nearly 35 km E of Turgrikin Shire." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Protoceratopsidae", "Protoceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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A genus-valued PBDB basis is not itself proof of direct observations.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] } ], "confidence": "varies", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38844", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "269458", "collectionId": "25835", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7186", "collectionReferenceId": "7186", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Yixian \"bristled\" Psittacosaurus site (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Yixian Formation thought to be Early Cretaceous", "geogcomments": "exact locality unknown, but \"most likely\" from the Yixian Formation of Sihetun near Beipiao City" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "300498", "collectionId": "28919", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64010", "collectionReferenceId": "7931", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tugulu", "collection_name": "Delunshan, IVPP site 64047", "collection_aka": "Dlunshan, Wuerho", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Delunshan (Dlunshan, Delun Mountain), Dsungar (Junggar) basin, near Wuerho" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "410874", "collectionId": "39680", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sibiricus", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus sibiricus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19092", "collectionReferenceId": "68327", "cc": "RU", "state": "Kemerovo", "county": "Chebulinsky", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shestakovo-1", "collection_aka": "LMCCE 004", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Ilekskaya Suite\"\r\n\r\nRecently the fossiliferous level at Shestakovo 1 locality has been dated as Aptian by pollen (Bugdaeva et al., 2017).", "geogcomments": "Shestakovo-1 locality, Kemerovo region, western Siberia, Kuznetsk Basin, Chebula district, about 40 km S of Mariinsk city; right bluff/precipice of Kiya (Kie) River, a right tributary of Chulym River, 1.5 km downstream from Shestakovo" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "458362", "collectionId": "45167", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11759", "collectionReferenceId": "11756", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "", "formation": "Zhonggou", "member": "", "geological_group": "Xinminbao", "collection_name": "IVPP 9208-30, Mazongshan", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "unnamed lowermost part of group; = Xinminpu Group", "geogcomments": "Mazongshan area, Suanjingzi Basin, western Gansu province, China" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "458366", "collectionId": "45166", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11759", "collectionReferenceId": "11755", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "Subei", "formation": "Zhonggou", "member": "Upper Gray Beds", "geological_group": "Xinminbao", "collection_name": "IVPP 9208-21 quarry, Mazongshan", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "unnamed lower part of group; = Xinminpu Group. \"middle gray unit\" of formation.\r\n\r\nZhang et al. 2015: The palynomorph assemblages contain a large number of biostratigraphically significant palynomorphs, such as numerically abundant tricolpate and rare polyaperturate angiosperm pollen grains, which indicate an Early Albian age for the Zhonggou Formation ", "geogcomments": "Mazongshan area, within Suanjingzi Basin (not Gongpoquan Basin), western Gansu province, China. Now within the Subei Gongpoquan Dinosaur Geopark." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "471803", "collectionId": "46881", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12466", "collectionReferenceId": "13174", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Bayangobi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Elesitai, SCDP", "collection_aka": "Alxa", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "1 km W of abandoned village of Elesitai, which is 23 km W of Tukemu village, Wulanbuhe Desert (E sector of Alxa Desert), Inner Mongolia" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "472011", "collectionId": "46905", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12466", "collectionReferenceId": "12466", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Ejinhoro", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Yangpo, Ordos (SCDP)", "collection_aka": "Yangpucie, Yang-Paul", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on E-W ridge, 1 km SE of Yangpo (Yangpucie, Yang-Paul) village, 10 km N of main E-W highway, 80 km W of Dongsheng, 63 km E of Hangginqi, Ordos region, Inner Mongolia" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "472015", "collectionId": "46906", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12466", "collectionReferenceId": "13174", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Ejinhoro", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Alouchaideng (SCDP)", "collection_aka": "Alucaideng", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "a few hundred meters S of the main E-W highway, 90 km W of Dongsheng, 10 km E of Alouchaideng truck stop, Ordos region, Inner Mongolia. 62 km E of Hanggin Qi." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "472016", "collectionId": "46907", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12466", "collectionReferenceId": "12466", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Ejinhoro", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SCDP Ulan Obo vertebrate site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "mapped as Zhidan Group but authors think it conforms better to Ejinhoro Formation; fossils from a 12 m sequence", "geogcomments": "1 km N of main E-W highway, 35 km W of Hangginqi, 2 km W of Ahlingbola village, Ordos region, Inner Mongolia" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "472282", "collectionId": "46929", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12466", "collectionReferenceId": "12466", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Ejinhoro", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SCDP Hangginqi psittacosaur site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "35 m sequence", "geogcomments": "along main highway S from Hangginqi, 16 km S, along W side of highway near villages of Wulahattatu, Argaiwusu, and Gutanwusu" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "472293", "collectionId": "46931", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12466", "collectionReferenceId": "13174", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Luohandong", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laolonghuozi, Ordos Basin", "collection_aka": "Laolonghuoze, SCDP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "mapped as Lower Cretaceous Luohandong Fm. (Zhidan Gp) but authors say sediments more closely resemble the Ejinhoro Fm. Sites in top 2-3 m of strata on butte\r\n\r\nLuohandong Formation is Valanginian—early Hauterivian age based on Li et al. (2019)", "geogcomments": "alongside main E-W highway approx. 35 km W of Hangginqi, 120 km E of Deng Kou. Site on a 75 m high butte immediately S of highway. Ordos Basin" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "472312", "collectionId": "46934", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus ordosensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12466", "collectionReferenceId": "13174", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Ejinhoro", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huamuxiao, Ordos Basin", "collection_aka": "Muhuaxiao, Ordos, SCDP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "13 km S of Huangginqi site, Inner Mongolia, Ordos region. Near villages of Huamuxiao (spelled Muhuaximiao in Russell & Dong 1993) and Amulonggui, 4.1 km W of Duguijiahan and 42 km W of Alucaideng" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "472318", "collectionId": "46934", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12466", "collectionReferenceId": "13174", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Ejinhoro", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huamuxiao, Ordos Basin", "collection_aka": "Muhuaxiao, Ordos, SCDP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "13 km S of Huangginqi site, Inner Mongolia, Ordos region. Near villages of Huamuxiao (spelled Muhuaximiao in Russell & Dong 1993) and Amulonggui, 4.1 km W of Duguijiahan and 42 km W of Alucaideng" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487449", "collectionId": "48936", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9632", "collectionReferenceId": "9632", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorkhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Öösh", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11494)", "collection_aka": "Oshih Basin, Psittacosaurus type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally Ondai Sair Fm., now the \"cannonball beds\" of the Öösh Fm.", "geogcomments": "Artsa Bogdo, Oshih Basin (Ashile)" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487451", "collectionId": "48937", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13060", "collectionReferenceId": "13097", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorkhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Öösh", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)", "collection_aka": "Oshih Basin, Oosh Basin, Ööshiin Nuur", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally Ondai Sair Fm.; also called Oshih Fm. = Tevsh Fm.; assigned to the Khukhtekskaya (Hüteeg Svita)\r\n\r\n\"Although the age remains somewhat uncertain, correlated exposures that appear to be of the same age have been dated at around 130 Ma (Samiolov et al., 1988; Watabe and Suzuki, 2000; Rougier et al., 2001; Prieto-Marquez et al., 2012)\" (Conrad and Daza 2015).", "geogcomments": "Artsa Bogdo, Oshih Basin (Ashile)" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487452", "collectionId": "48937", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13060", "collectionReferenceId": "13097", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorkhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Öösh", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)", "collection_aka": "Oshih Basin, Oosh Basin, Ööshiin Nuur", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally Ondai Sair Fm.; also called Oshih Fm. = Tevsh Fm.; assigned to the Khukhtekskaya (Hüteeg Svita)\r\n\r\n\"Although the age remains somewhat uncertain, correlated exposures that appear to be of the same age have been dated at around 130 Ma (Samiolov et al., 1988; Watabe and Suzuki, 2000; Rougier et al., 2001; Prieto-Marquez et al., 2012)\" (Conrad and Daza 2015).", "geogcomments": "Artsa Bogdo, Oshih Basin (Ashile)" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487456", "collectionId": "48939", "identifiedName": "Protiguanodon mongoliense n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9632", "collectionReferenceId": "9632", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorkhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Öösh", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mt. Uskuk, Tsagan Nor (AMNH Loc. 10514)", "collection_aka": "Usskuk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally Ondai Sair Fm.", "geogcomments": "Mt. Uskuk (= Usskuk), Tsagan Nor Basin" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487458", "collectionId": "48939", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13060", "collectionReferenceId": "9632", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorkhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Öösh", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mt. Uskuk, Tsagan Nor (AMNH Loc. 10514)", "collection_aka": "Usskuk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally Ondai Sair Fm.", "geogcomments": "Mt. Uskuk (= Usskuk), Tsagan Nor Basin" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489724", "collectionId": "49343", "identifiedName": "? Psittacosaurus tingi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14779", "collectionReferenceId": "14779", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Zhidan", "collection_name": "Tebch (SSE)", "collection_aka": "Tebchi, Sino-Swedish Expedition, Haratologai, Haratologay", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "could be either Lisangou or Xinpongnaobao Fm. Upper Zhidan Group", "geogcomments": "Tebch, Inner Mongolia, 11 km N of Uradi Houqi and 7 km NW of abandoned lamasery of Harchulu (= Chulu Miao). Probably the same as Young's Haratologai (= Haratologay), described as ca. 100 km NW of the great bend of the Hwangho River, NW of the Ordos." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "493046", "collectionId": "49797", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus guyangensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64010", "collectionReferenceId": "64010", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Sheyang", "formation": "Lisangou", "member": "", "geological_group": "Guyang", "collection_name": "Guyang Basin dinosaur site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "originally called \"Guyang Formation\"", "geogcomments": "central Inner Mongolia, Sheyang County, Guyang Basin" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498848", "collectionId": "50467", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13533", "collectionReferenceId": "13533", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Sihetun, Yixian bed 6 (25)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Beipiao area, near Sihetun, western Liaoning" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498859", "collectionId": "50469", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13533", "collectionReferenceId": "13533", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Sihetun, Yixian bed 6 (28)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Beipiao area, near Sihetun, western Liaoning" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498861", "collectionId": "50470", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13533", "collectionReferenceId": "13533", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Sihetun, Yixian bed 6 (29)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Beipiao area, near Sihetun, western Liaoning" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499892", "collectionId": "49343", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus osborni n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14779", "collectionReferenceId": "14779", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Zhidan", "collection_name": "Tebch (SSE)", "collection_aka": "Tebchi, Sino-Swedish Expedition, Haratologai, Haratologay", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "could be either Lisangou or Xinpongnaobao Fm. Upper Zhidan Group", "geogcomments": "Tebch, Inner Mongolia, 11 km N of Uradi Houqi and 7 km NW of abandoned lamasery of Harchulu (= Chulu Miao). Probably the same as Young's Haratologai (= Haratologay), described as ca. 100 km NW of the great bend of the Hwangho River, NW of the Ordos." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "514934", "collectionId": "52127", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14000", "collectionReferenceId": "14000", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Döshuul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Builjasutuin-Khuduk [SMPE] (PIN coll. 4227)", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Buylyasutuin-Khuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "layers 2 and 5, not separated in paper\r\n= Dushih-Ula Fm. = Dushihin Fm.", "geogcomments": "20 miles northeast of Barun-Bajan-Ula, Uber-Khangai Aimak" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "515117", "collectionId": "52158", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13584", "collectionReferenceId": "13584", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tugulu", "collection_name": "Delunshan (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Junggar Basin", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Delunshan, Junggar Basin" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517523", "collectionId": "52458", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus meileyingensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus meileyingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14106", "collectionReferenceId": "14106", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "3", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Meileyingzi", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Huanghuagou Bed = lower part of 3rd Member", "geogcomments": "Meileyingzi, approx. 60 km SW of Chaoyoung, Liaoning province" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517524", "collectionId": "52459", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus meileyingensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus meileyingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14106", "collectionReferenceId": "14106", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "3", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Meileyingzi", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Huanghuagou Bed = lower part of 3rd Member", "geogcomments": "Meileyingzi, approx. 60 km SW of Chaoyoung, Liaoning province. Near type locality." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517525", "collectionId": "52460", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus meileyingensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus meileyingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14106", "collectionReferenceId": "14106", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "3", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Meileyingzi", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Huanghuagou Bed = lower part of 3rd Member", "geogcomments": "Meileyingzi, approx. 60 km SW of Chaoyoung, Liaoning province" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517526", "collectionId": "52461", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14106", "collectionReferenceId": "14106", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "3", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Meileyingzi 2", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Huanghuagou Bed = lower part of 3rd Member", "geogcomments": "Meileyingzi, approx. 60 km SW of Chaoyoung, Liaoning province" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519798", "collectionId": "52888", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14917", "collectionReferenceId": "14889", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Sihetun, lower Yixian (general)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation\r\nDong et al (2013): \"Sihetun Locality; Jianshangou Bed, Yixian Formation, Barremian/Aptian (125±1 Ma)\"", "geogcomments": "Sihetun site, Beipiao city" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520770", "collectionId": "52808", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sibiricus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus sibiricus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "40059", "collectionReferenceId": "36988", "cc": "RU", "state": "Kemerovo", "county": "Chebulinsky", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shestakovo-3", "collection_aka": "LMCCE 006", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Ilekskaya Suite\"; several bone-bearing layers within the main \"Layer 1\"\r\n\r\nSkutschas et al. 2017: The dating of the Shestakovo 3 locality within the Lower Cretaceous remains controversial: it has been dated as Berriasian (Alifanov et al. 1999), Aptian–Albian (Averianov et al. 2006), and Barremian–Aptian (Kurochkin et al. 2011) based on vertebrates.\r\n\r\nAge of Ilek Formation is poorly constrained but is currently believed to be Barremian-Aptian (see Averianov et al. 2018). The fossiliferous layer at Shestakovo 1 locality was dated to Aptian (Bugadeva et al. 2017). The overlying Kiya Formation has been assigned Albian age based on plant remains (Golovneva and Shchepetov 2010). ", "geogcomments": "Shestakovo-3 locality, road cut outcrop 1 km SE from Shestakovo village, Kiya River precipice, Kemerovo region, western Siberia, Chebula district, about 40 km S of Mariinsk city. Also listed as 3 km E of Shestakovo and 2 km NE of Shestakovo Bluff; a roadcut." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520771", "collectionId": "52808", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14367", "collectionReferenceId": "36988", "cc": "RU", "state": "Kemerovo", "county": "Chebulinsky", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shestakovo-3", "collection_aka": "LMCCE 006", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Ilekskaya Suite\"; several bone-bearing layers within the main \"Layer 1\"\r\n\r\nSkutschas et al. 2017: The dating of the Shestakovo 3 locality within the Lower Cretaceous remains controversial: it has been dated as Berriasian (Alifanov et al. 1999), Aptian–Albian (Averianov et al. 2006), and Barremian–Aptian (Kurochkin et al. 2011) based on vertebrates.\r\n\r\nAge of Ilek Formation is poorly constrained but is currently believed to be Barremian-Aptian (see Averianov et al. 2018). The fossiliferous layer at Shestakovo 1 locality was dated to Aptian (Bugadeva et al. 2017). The overlying Kiya Formation has been assigned Albian age based on plant remains (Golovneva and Shchepetov 2010). ", "geogcomments": "Shestakovo-3 locality, road cut outcrop 1 km SE from Shestakovo village, Kiya River precipice, Kemerovo region, western Siberia, Chebula district, about 40 km S of Mariinsk city. Also listed as 3 km E of Shestakovo and 2 km NE of Shestakovo Bluff; a roadcut." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520774", "collectionId": "53148", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14367", "collectionReferenceId": "8702", "cc": "RU", "state": "Krasnoyarsk", "county": "Emelyanovo", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bol'shoi Kemchug 3 (TGU)", "collection_aka": "Bol'shoy Kemchug, BK-3, LMCCE 005", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Right bank of Bol'shoy Kemchug River, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Chulym River Basin, W Siberia. 56° 31' 38\"N, 91° 48' 49\"E" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "536278", "collectionId": "55473", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sinensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14891", "collectionReferenceId": "14891", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Laiyang", "formation": "Doushan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Qingshan", "collection_name": "northwest of Tushan", "collection_aka": "P. sinensis type, Toushan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Chinshan/Chingshan Beds", "geogcomments": "hill slope NW of Toushan (Tushan) village, 5 km NW of Laiyang" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "536286", "collectionId": "55475", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sinensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14891", "collectionReferenceId": "14891", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Laiyang", "formation": "Doushan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Qingshan", "collection_name": "northeast of Laiyang", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Chinshan/Chingshan Beds; below tuffaceous beds", "geogcomments": "small hill NE of Laiyang" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "574092", "collectionId": "60365", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17360", "collectionReferenceId": "17360", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Lianmuqin", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tugulu", "collection_name": "SCDP Urho psittacosaur site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "subgroup C", "geogcomments": "10 km east-southeast of Urho, coordinates are for Urho" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "646886", "collectionId": "69914", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80151", "collectionReferenceId": "23465", "cc": "MN", "state": "Bayankhongor", "county": "", "formation": "Ulan Argalant", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bakhar, western area (HMNS/MPC JPE)", "collection_aka": "HMNS-GIN", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"overlying the Ortsag beds\" - base of the Red Beds at this outcrop", "geogcomments": "western area of Bakhar, on the W skirt of the Ortsag Mtn. 34 km S of the S shore of Boon Tsaagan Lake, 28 km NE of somon Bayantsagan." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "649440", "collectionId": "70140", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23562", "collectionReferenceId": "23567", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorkhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Öösh", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "northeastern end, Öösh locality (AMNH/IGM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally Ondai Sair Fm.; also called Oshih Fm. = Tevsh Fm.; assigned to the Khukhtekskaya (Hüteeg Svita)", "geogcomments": "NE end of outcrops, Artsa Bogdo, Öösh/Oshih Basin (Ashile), a desert hollow 40 km N of Artsa Bodgo Range, 64 km W of type Djadokhta Fm. at Bayn Dzak" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "680830", "collectionId": "73438", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus major n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24647", "collectionReferenceId": "24647", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (other)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, \"Lujiatun Beds\"", "geogcomments": "numerous sites for which exact localities are not known; fossils collected by local farmers in Lujiatun, Shangyuan." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "703008", "collectionId": "75472", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25466", "collectionReferenceId": "25466", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Yixian", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lui Tai, Yixian (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "radiometric dating of main fossiliferous tuff (40Ar/39AR) = 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma", "geogcomments": "vicinity of Lui Tai village, Yixian (coordinates for Yixian)" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "703448", "collectionId": "75511", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25498", "collectionReferenceId": "25498", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village 3, Yixian (ZMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lowest part of formation", "geogcomments": "Lujiatun, Beipiao, western Liaoning" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "741251", "collectionId": "79703", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30554", "collectionReferenceId": "14387", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorkhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Öösh", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ulan Oshih (PIN coll. 753) [MPE]", "collection_aka": "Oshi Nuru", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally Ondai Sair Fm., now the \"cannonball beds\" of the Öösh Fm.", "geogcomments": "Ulan Oshih, 200 km NE of Dalan Tszadagad, 30 km NW of the Dagshiuin Khuduk well" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "775779", "collectionId": "83249", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus major", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27956", "collectionReferenceId": "58629", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village 4, Beipiao (CAGS)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"the lower, sandy portion ot the Yixian Formation\"", "geogcomments": "Lujiatun, Beipiao, western Liaoning" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "806552", "collectionId": "88097", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29599", "collectionReferenceId": "29599", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Dushihin", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Builjasutuin-Khuduk (SMPE)", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Buylyasutuin-Khuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "layer 2", "geogcomments": "20 miles northeast of Barun-Bajan-Ula, Uber-Khangai Aimak" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "823902", "collectionId": "77191", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30554", "collectionReferenceId": "30554", "cc": "MN", "state": "Övörkhangai", "county": "Guchin Us", "formation": "Dzunbain", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khovboor (PIN coll. 3101) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Guchin Us Somon; Khoobur; Khobur; Khoboor; Hobur; Höövör; Khoboor, Guchinus, Khovur", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Lower Cretaceous (possibly Aptian)\" and from the Khukhtekskaya Svita = Dzunbayn = Dzunbain Formation according to Dashzeveg 1975, but \"? Aptian or Albian\" according to Wible et al. 2001. Shown in column as \"Khobur\" beds (Shuvalov, 1974).\r\n\r\nAlifanov 2019: assumed to belong to the Hühteeg Horizon without formal assignment to any formation identified in Mongolia and are dated either to the Aptian age including the Albian age (Shuvalov, 2000) or to the late Aptian age and the entire Albian age (Lucas, 2006). According to our preliminary data, the Hühteeg Horizon corresponds to the time interval that includes the late Aptian and early Albian ages.", "geogcomments": "a single site \"in Guchin Us somon (county) in the province (aymak) of Arvaykher\" (coordinate based on Guchin Us)" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "826870", "collectionId": "85296", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30693", "collectionReferenceId": "12468", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Jingchuan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Zhidan", "collection_name": "Otog Sumu (bed 5)", "collection_aka": "Otog Qi, Chabu Sumu, Chaibu Sumi, SCDP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"earliest Cretaceous or possible even Late Jurassic in age\" when originally assigned to Yijunhuoluo Fm.; now \"middle-late Early Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "\"Chabu Sumu, Otog Qi, Yikezhao-meng, in the Ordos Bason\" (coordinate based on Otog Qi = Ulan). Also called Chaibu-Sumi" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "840207", "collectionId": "53493", "identifiedName": "Hongshanosaurus houi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14993", "collectionReferenceId": "14918", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal member of Yixian Formation = Member 1 = Lujiatun beds; 40Ar/39Ar age for bed is 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma.\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Lujiatun village (N 41° 36.201'; E 120° 54.793'), Shangyuan, Beipiao City" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "844049", "collectionId": "93886", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31918", "collectionReferenceId": "31918", "cc": "TH", "state": "Khon Kaen", "county": "Nam Phong", "formation": "Khok Kruat", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "banks of Nam Phong River", "collection_aka": "Ban Bueng Klang", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the banks of the Nam Phong river, Ban Bueng Klang village, Amphoe Nam Phong" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "844054", "collectionId": "93887", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83628", "collectionReferenceId": "31918", "cc": "TH", "state": "Khon Kaen", "county": "Mancha Khiri", "formation": "Khok Kruat", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Hin Rong", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Phu Hin Rong, Mancha Khiri district - point is selected at edge of district, but specific site coordinates are not known" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "881373", "collectionId": "97753", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus gobiensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus gobiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35075", "collectionReferenceId": "33412", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Bayangobi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "southwest of Suhongtu", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "southwest of Suhongtu; 40° 59' 42.4\"N, 104° 3' 53.8\"E" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1093975", "collectionId": "55328", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42289", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Khuren Dukh", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khuren Dukh II (HMNS-GIN)", "collection_aka": "KD-II", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Shinekhudag = Shinehuduk Fm.", "geogcomments": "Khuren Dukh (Xypeh Dyx), NW Dornogov', approx. 30 miles S of Choir (Choyr), Mongolia. 200 km NE of Khamarin Khural. N: 45-49-48.6; E: 108-26-47.7; A; 1041 m." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1247527", "collectionId": "164560", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42289", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Khuren Dukh", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khuren Dukh III [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "KD-III", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Shinekhudag = Shinehuduk Fm.", "geogcomments": "JMJPE explored Khuren Dukh in the 1993 and 1996 expeditions... N: 45-51-00.5; E: 108-26-47.6; A: 1080 , and N: 45-51-38.3, E: 108-26-40.9, A: 890 m\r\nLocated S of base camp" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1247674", "collectionId": "48931", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53793", "collectionReferenceId": "53793", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khamaryn Ar [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "KhA, HMNS-MPC", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "ca. 25 KM SE of Erdene Somon" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1267055", "collectionId": "167304", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54584", "collectionReferenceId": "54584", "cc": "RU", "state": "Kemerovo", "county": "Chebulinsky", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Smolenskii Yar", "collection_aka": "SmY", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Age of Ilek Formation is poorly constrained but is currently believed to be Barremian-Aptian (see Averianov et al. 2018). The fossiliferous layer at Shestakovo 1 locality was dated to Aptian (Bugadeva et al. 2017). The overlying Kiya Formation has been assigned Albian age based on plant remains (Golovneva and Shchepetov 2010). ", "geogcomments": "a natural outcrop on the right bank of Serta River, 1 km downstream from the Kursk-Smolenka settlement (Chebula District, Kemerovo Province)." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1267069", "collectionId": "167303", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14367", "collectionReferenceId": "54584", "cc": "RU", "state": "Kemerovo", "county": "Tisulsky", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ust' Kolba quarry", "collection_aka": "LMCCE 001, UKo, Ust'-Kolba", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Age of Ilek Formation is poorly constrained but is currently believed to be Barremian-Aptian (see Averianov et al. 2018). The fossiliferous layer at Shestakovo 1 locality was dated to Aptian (Bugadeva et al. 2017). The overlying Kiya Formation has been assigned Albian age based on plant remains (Golovneva and Shchepetov 2010). ", "geogcomments": "small quarry on the left bank of the Serta River near the Ust’-Kolba settlement, ~2 km upstream from the mouth of the river (Tisul’ District, Kemerovo Province)" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1269322", "collectionId": "59358", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55067", "collectionReferenceId": "55067", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorkhangai", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Titem Suwraga", "collection_aka": "TiS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "age based on presence of Psittacosaurus", "geogcomments": "Titem Suwraga, ca. 5 km W of Khoovor. 45-22-33 N, 102-28-53 E, 1445 m" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1328863", "collectionId": "49343", "identifiedName": "Protiguanodon cf. mongoliense", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14779", "collectionReferenceId": "14779", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Zhidan", "collection_name": "Tebch (SSE)", "collection_aka": "Tebchi, Sino-Swedish Expedition, Haratologai, Haratologay", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "could be either Lisangou or Xinpongnaobao Fm. Upper Zhidan Group", "geogcomments": "Tebch, Inner Mongolia, 11 km N of Uradi Houqi and 7 km NW of abandoned lamasery of Harchulu (= Chulu Miao). Probably the same as Young's Haratologai (= Haratologay), described as ca. 100 km NW of the great bend of the Hwangho River, NW of the Ordos." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1328880", "collectionId": "62323", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12466", "collectionReferenceId": "18019", "cc": "CN", "state": "Ningxia", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "North Alashan desert, Ninghsia", "collection_aka": "Ningxia", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "North Alashan desert, NW of Ninghsia (Ningxia)" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1333307", "collectionId": "52007", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33967", "collectionReferenceId": "33967", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Khuren Dukh", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khuren-Dukh (PIN coll. 3386) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Huren-duh, Hüren-Dukh, Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Khuren Dukh", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "formerly assigned to Shinekhudag = Shinehuduk Fm. Also referred to previously as the Dzun-Bayin or Züünbayan Formation, and the Hühteeg Fm.", "geogcomments": "Khuren Dukh (Xypeh Dyx), NW Dornogov', approx. 30 miles S of Choir (Choyr), Mongolia. 200 km NE of Khamarin Khural" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1372227", "collectionId": "48930", "identifiedName": "? Protiguanodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62839", "collectionReferenceId": "62839", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "On Gong", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hu Khung Ulan (AMNH quarry 714)", "collection_aka": "Central Asiatic Expedition, AMNH loc. 9035, On Gong Gol, Hukongwulong", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Ong Gol Fm.", "geogcomments": "On Gong Gol (= Ongt Gol) basin, place name = Hukongwulong" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1382158", "collectionId": "189413", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33967", "collectionReferenceId": "33967", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Tsagaantsav", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsakhurt [SMPE/SMGE]", "collection_aka": "Tsakhiurt", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"upper part of the Tsagaantsav Formation\"", "geogcomments": "Tsakhurt, 25 km SW from Sain Shanda" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1385610", "collectionId": "49797", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus osborni", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64010", "collectionReferenceId": "64010", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Sheyang", "formation": "Lisangou", "member": "", "geological_group": "Guyang", "collection_name": "Guyang Basin dinosaur site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "originally called \"Guyang Formation\"", "geogcomments": "central Inner Mongolia, Sheyang County, Guyang Basin" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1447889", "collectionId": "55238", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30958", "collectionReferenceId": "31970", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Tsagaantsav", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tatal [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Khovd, Lake Khara-Us-Nur", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "70 km NNE of Lake Khara-Us-Nur, Khovd region" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1589217", "collectionId": "73438", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24637", "collectionReferenceId": "24647", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (other)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, \"Lujiatun Beds\"", "geogcomments": "numerous sites for which exact localities are not known; fossils collected by local farmers in Lujiatun, Shangyuan." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1603839", "collectionId": "221935", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82280", "collectionReferenceId": "77893", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Zhidan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sishililiang, Ordos City", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"The output strata is the middle and upper part of the Lower Cretaceous Zhidan Group. \"", "geogcomments": "\"collected along the Etuoke Banner highway between Dongsheng District in Inner Mongolia and Duguijiahan. The specific location is near the road milestone “100 kilometers”...After searching, it can be traced back to the fossil site located in Sishililiang Township of Hangjin Banner, Ordos\"" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1625395", "collectionId": "230001", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus youngi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84580", "collectionReferenceId": "84580", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Laiyang", "formation": "Doushan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Qingshan", "collection_name": "Zaohang, south side of Peilungho", "collection_aka": "Panlonggou", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Chinshan Beds; below tuffaceous beds", "geogcomments": "1 mi. SW of Zaohang village, S side of Peilungho (Panlonggou), NE of Laiyang" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1639423", "collectionId": "164946", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86461", "collectionReferenceId": "71293", "cc": "RU", "state": "Krasnoyarsk", "county": "Achinsky", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bol'shoi Ilek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "1 km downstream from the city of Achinsk" }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1657971", "collectionId": "235272", "identifiedName": "? Psittacosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "88670", "collectionReferenceId": "88670", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Ningcheng", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Duanjiagou, Xidayingzi Village", "collection_aka": "Ningchengodon foxi locality; Bisiyingzi", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "radiometric dating of main fossiliferous tuff (40Ar/39AR) = 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma\n\"The absolute geological age has been constrained to 125.7 ± 1.5 Ma using U–Pb zircon dating analyzed by CA-ID-IRMS\"", "geogcomments": "Duanjiagou, Bisiyingzi, Ningcheng, Chifeng, southeastern Inner Mongolia, China (41°24′45.78″N, 119°7′10.31″E)." }, { "genusId": "38844", "genus": "Psittacosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2038547", "collectionId": "275402", "identifiedName": "Psittacosaurus amitabha n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Psittacosaurus amitabha", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77017", "collectionReferenceId": "77017", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorkhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Andaikhudag", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mt. Uskuk, Ondai Sair (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "MONG-09, Ussuk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Mt. Uskuk (= Usskuk), Tsagan Nor Basin " } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Psittacosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "genus:38844" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "161139", "38796", "38844" ], "candidateIds": [ "161139", "38796", "38844" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "519767", "name": "Ptychotherates", "displayName": "Ptychotherates", "attribution": "Srivastava and Nesbitt 2026", "rawAttribution": "Srivastava and Nesbitt 2026", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519767", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Morphoraptora", "Ptychotherates" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "519766", "519767" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Morphoraptora › Ptychotherates; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Carnivory inferred within an anatomically predatory bracket, including genera without diagnostic teeth.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D8", "title": "A new taxon of saurischian dinosaur from the Coelophysis Quarry of New Mexico, USA (Triassic: latest Norian or Rhaetian) highlights herrerasaurian diversity in the latest Triassic", "authors": "Srivastava and Nesbitt", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/spp2.70069", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.70069", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text available; abstract, diagnosis and phylogenetic passages read", "dietSupport": "Ptychotherates belongs in a morphoraptoran/herrerasaurian bracket. The paper supplies placement, not direct feeding evidence; carnivory is an explicit relative-based inference.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view2", "turn465view4" ] }, { "id": "D9", "title": "Gnathovorax cabreirai: a new early dinosaur and the origin and initial radiation of predatory dinosaurs", "authors": "Pacheco et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7963", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6844243/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental morphology and predatory discussion read", "dietSupport": "Blade-like, recurved, compressed serrated crowns and comparative anatomy support predatory feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view1", "turn587view2" ] }, { "id": "D10", "title": "The osteology of the early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early dinosaurs", "authors": "Nesbitt and Sues", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa080", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/1/150/5879911", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; feeding discussion read; online publication 2020, volume 2021", "dietSupport": "Carnivory inferred from unusual procumbent dentition. Also supports comparisons with predatory Tawa/Chindesaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view3", "turn591view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "carnivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519767", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ptychotherates", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519767" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "519767", "genus": "Ptychotherates", "occurrenceId": "2063635", "collectionId": "48422", "identifiedName": "Ptychotherates bucculentus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ptychotherates bucculentus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94669", "collectionReferenceId": "5707", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Siltstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ghost Ranch Quarry", "collection_aka": "Whitaker Quarry, Coelophysis Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Apachean LVF. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "327196", "name": "Pulanesaura", "displayName": "Pulanesaura", "attribution": "McPhee et al. 2015", "rawAttribution": "McPhee et al. 2015", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=327196", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Pulanesaura" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "327196" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "519526", "name": "Pulaosaurus", "displayName": "Pulaosaurus", "attribution": "Yang et al. 2025", "rawAttribution": "Yang et al. 2025", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519526", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pulaosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519526" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519526", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Pulaosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519526" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "519526", "genus": "Pulaosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2063457", "collectionId": "168798", "identifiedName": "Pulaosaurus qinglong n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Pulaosaurus qinglong", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94631", "collectionReferenceId": "55193", "cc": "CN", "state": "Hebei", "county": "Qinglong", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mutoudeng (2007 coll.)", "collection_aka": "Yi qi type locality collection", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"The Tiaojishan Formation is generally regarded as Middle (Zhang & Zheng 1991; Liu et al. 2006; Cheng & Li 2007) to Upper Jurassic (Chang et al. 2009) (Late Bathonian-Early Kimmeridgian) in age, although it may date to the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) in Jianchang County (Davis et al. 2001). The unit has been dated using radiometric techniques at 169-152 Mya by Liu et al. (2006) and 165-156 Mya by Zhang et al. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "154174", "name": "Raptorex", "displayName": "Raptorex", "attribution": "Sereno et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Sereno et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=154174", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Raptorex" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "154174" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. 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Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=154174", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Raptorex", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=154174" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "154174", "genus": "Raptorex", "occurrenceId": "829104", "collectionId": "91404", "identifiedName": "Raptorex kriegsteini n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Raptorex kriegsteini", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30768", "collectionReferenceId": "30768", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Raptorex type locality", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "basin", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Barremian-Aptian, ca. 125 Ma)\" based on age of Lujiatun Beds; stratigraphic provenance questioned by Fowler et al. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243348", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ratchasimasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243348" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Shibata et al. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:243348" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "243348", "372268" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "geological_group", "key": [ "TH", "khorat" ], "label": "Khorat Group · TH", "occurrenceId": "1066322", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ratchasimasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Sirindhorna" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ratchasimasaurus": [ "1066322" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "243348", "372268" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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The formation lies conformably below the Cenomanian-Turonian limestone. The \"fossiliferous zone\" ocuupies about 90 meters of section overlapping both members.", "geogcomments": "near Gara es Sbaa, about 50 km NE of Hassi Zguilma and 60 km SW of Ouzina and Taouz, Kem Kem region, Morocco; E of oasis of Er Remlia" }, { "genusId": "38679", "genus": "Rebbachisaurus", "occurrenceId": "464985", "collectionId": "45943", "identifiedName": "Rebbachisaurus garasbae", "acceptedName": "Rebbachisaurus garasbae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12241", "collectionReferenceId": "12241", "cc": "MA", "state": "Béni Mellal-Khénifra", "county": "Azilal", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Jbel Sgat, Ighrem Sgat", "collection_aka": "Taguelft, Ighrem-Sgat, Isseksi", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. \"Continental Intercalaire\"; 110-120 m below lower basalt level\r\nSee revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "Jbel Sgat, at Ighrem Sgat, Azilal, Taguelft syncline" }, { "genusId": "38679", "genus": "Rebbachisaurus", "occurrenceId": "519822", "collectionId": "52887", "identifiedName": "Rebbachisaurus garasbae", "acceptedName": "Rebbachisaurus garasbae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13037", "collectionReferenceId": "13037", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Tafilalt region (NMC/CMN)", "collection_aka": "Tafilalet", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Ifezoune or Auofous formation\r\nSee revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "area of Tafilalt, N and S of Taouz, includes several marked fossil sites but none are specified in text, nor are any tied to specific occurrences." }, { "genusId": "38679", "genus": "Rebbachisaurus", "occurrenceId": "519823", "collectionId": "52887", "identifiedName": "cf. 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(2017)\r\nGara Sbaa Fm. following Ibrahim et al. (2020)", "geogcomments": "near SW foot of Gara Sba (= Gara es Sbaa) cliff, near Oued Bou Haiara; = Signal Chite SW of the Kem kem. Coordinates given as 390 x 552 (presumably based on Paris). A small shelf 3 m under the flat summit, W base. 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Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=365325", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Regaliceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=365325" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "365325", "genus": "Regaliceratops", "occurrenceId": "1390790", "collectionId": "191308", "identifiedName": "Regaliceratops peterhewsi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Regaliceratops peterhewsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64543", "collectionReferenceId": "64543", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "St. Mary River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Waldron Flats", "collection_aka": "Regaliceratops type locality", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "The holotype was recovered from Upper Cretaceous rocks along the Oldman River in the area of Waldron Flats, approximately 164 km south of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Figure 1). The uppermost St. Mary River Formation and lowermost Willow Creek Formation are both exposed along the river in this area. Due to the strongly upthrust and faulted condition of the bedrock strata in the area and the absence of obvious outcrops of the Battle Formation and Whitemud Member marker beds in the quarry area, it has been difficult to determine the precise stratigraphic position of the specimen in relation to the contact between the St. Mary River and Willow Creek formations. Nonetheless, existing geologic maps of the area suggest that the quarry occurs within the upper 30 m of the St. Mary River Formation [9]. This stratigraphic position is supported by the presence of the angiosperm palynomorph Scollardia trapaformis (D.R. Braman, personal communication) in the host matrix of TMP 2005.055.0001. S. trapaformis is diagnostic for upper beds of both the St. Mary River Formation and the combined Carbon and Whitemud members of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (southern and central Alberta) [10, 11]. Carbon Member strata north of Drumheller have yielded the chasmosaurine Eotriceratops xerinsularis [10: Figure 3] and are assigned an age of 67.5–68.5 mega-annum (Ma) [10–12]. Given that well-established chronostratigraphic correlations across southern Alberta equate the upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation with the upper St. Mary River Formation (see Figure 9 in [13]), the holotype likely shares this same middle Maastrichtian age." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Triceratopsini", "Regaliceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Chasmosaurinae", "clade:Triceratopsini", "genus:365325" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "candidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38753", "name": "Rhabdodon", "displayName": "Rhabdodon", "attribution": "Matheron 1869", "rawAttribution": "Matheron 1869", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38753", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Rhabdodontomorpha", "Rhabdodontoidea", "Rhabdodontidae", "Rhabdodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "344230", "509332", "66739", "38753" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38753", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Rhabdodon", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38753" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "297287", "collectionId": "28454", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29887", "collectionReferenceId": "7841", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fox-Amphoux-La Bastide Neuve", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "part of the Fox-Amphoux syncline, lower Rognacian.\n\nLate Campanian age, based of magnetostratigraphic analyses and biostratigraphic information derived from charophyte and dinosaur eggshell biozones (Cincotta et al. 2015)", "geogcomments": "Velaux-La Bastide Neuve, 35 km W of Draguignan, Bouches du Rhône Department, southern France. In the Fox-Amphoux syncline." }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "297694", "collectionId": "28406", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9512", "collectionReferenceId": "55315", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Vitoria", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L1A", "collection_aka": "Laño Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in a sector of the south limb of the Miranda-Trevino syncline, level is also called L1A\r\nlower pat of subchron C32n\r\nAlso assigned to Sedano Fm. or its equivalent", "geogcomments": "approx 1 km. west of Laño, Spain, a disused sand quarry, Treviño, Burgos.\n\nThe Laño quarry is located between the villages of Laño and Albaina in the Condado de Treviño, an enclave of the province of Burgos that lies within Alava in the Basque Country, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "372856", "collectionId": "35290", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9506", "collectionReferenceId": "9506", "cc": "FR", "state": "Occitanie", "county": "Hérault", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sainte-Foy, Massecaps", "collection_aka": "Saint Foy\r\nSaint-Foy", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "Late Campanian-early Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "Sainte-Foy, Massecaps, near the village of Cruzy " }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "388972", "collectionId": "37199", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9559", "collectionReferenceId": "9512", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Sedano", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L2", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "same horizon as L1A, but on other side of the quarry (northeast part).\nSedano Formation, upper Campanian (C32n) (Corral et al., 2016)", "geogcomments": "Iberian Peninsula (Basque-Cantabrian Region), Condado de Treviño, Burgos" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "388983", "collectionId": "28765", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9559", "collectionReferenceId": "7903", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Vitoria", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L1B (S2U1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "separated from underlying S1U3 by an unconformity, level also called L1B", "geogcomments": "approx 1 km. west of Laño, Spain, a disused sand quarry; Treviño, Burgos" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "479369", "collectionId": "47782", "identifiedName": "cf. Rhabdodon priscus", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12788", "collectionReferenceId": "25139", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Hérault", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "L'Olivet Quarry, Villeveyrac (F1 level)", "collection_aka": "Villeveyrac-L’Olivet", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Fuvelian = lower Campanian; but list is \"a composite of the vertebrates found at different levels in the Villeveyrac quarry\" - true, but this is still all referred to the lower Campanian; also early Campanian based on magentostratigraphy (chron C33.1r)\nNow segregated by bed number.", "geogcomments": "L'Olivet Quaary of Villebeyrac, about 30 km E of Montpellier, Villeveyrac-Mèze Basin" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "486489", "collectionId": "48720", "identifiedName": "Oligosaurus adelus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12806", "collectionReferenceId": "12805", "cc": "AT", "state": "Niederosterreich", "county": "", "formation": "Grünbach", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Muthmannsdorf", "collection_aka": "Gosau, Neue Welt, Weiner Neustadt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Gosau Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Muthmannsdorf, Grünbach Basin, Neue Welt, in Wiener Neustadt, about 45 km S of Vienna, Austria" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "486492", "collectionId": "48720", "identifiedName": "Ornithomerus gracilis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12806", "collectionReferenceId": "12805", "cc": "AT", "state": "Niederosterreich", "county": "", "formation": "Grünbach", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Muthmannsdorf", "collection_aka": "Gosau, Neue Welt, Weiner Neustadt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Gosau Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Muthmannsdorf, Grünbach Basin, Neue Welt, in Wiener Neustadt, about 45 km S of Vienna, Austria" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "487167", "collectionId": "48849", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13016", "collectionReferenceId": "13017", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Bouches-du-Rhône", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Boucharde", "collection_aka": "La Bouchard, Trets-La Boucharde", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Begudian, middle Campanian following Fondevilla et al. (2019)", "geogcomments": "2 km SE of Trets, at the foot of Mont Olympe, Provence" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "487181", "collectionId": "48850", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13019", "collectionReferenceId": "30925", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Aude", "formation": "Marnes Rouges Inférieures", "member": "Marnes de la Maurine", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bellevue, locality C3 (C III)", "collection_aka": "Campagne-sur-Aude", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the Maurine Red Marls Formation", "geogcomments": "Bellevue, Campagne-sur-Aude" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "497837", "collectionId": "48861", "identifiedName": "cf. Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65863", "collectionReferenceId": "30625", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Segovia", "formation": "Vegas de Matute", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Armuña, Segovia", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Armuña, NW of Segovia" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "528124", "collectionId": "53918", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82064", "collectionReferenceId": "30625", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valencia", "county": "", "formation": "Sierra Perenchiza", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chera 0", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Early to Middle Campanian, single bed, outcrop.\nUpper Campanian (Company, 2005, Company et al., 2005)", "geogcomments": "in the Chera Basin" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "535196", "collectionId": "55387", "identifiedName": "Rabdodon priscum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56218", "collectionReferenceId": "56218", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Bouches-du-Rhône", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tunnel de la Nerthe, Fuveau", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Early Rognacian", "geogcomments": "Tunnel de la Nerthe, Fuveau, Aix-en-Provence basin. Built during establishment of the P.-L.-M. railway line in 1846, on the Avignon-Marseille railroad line between Marignane and L’Estaque (northwest of Marseille)" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "566000", "collectionId": "59268", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon ", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59608", "collectionReferenceId": "36728", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Bouches-du-Rhône", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vitrolles-Couperigne, \"Rhabdodon level\"", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Rognacian\"; middle-late Campanian following Fondevilla et al. (2019)", "geogcomments": "area of Vitrolles" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "570623", "collectionId": "59887", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17194", "collectionReferenceId": "34138", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Hérault", "formation": "Grès à Reptiles", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Montplô Nord, Cruzy", "collection_aka": "Montplô-Nord", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the slope of Montplô-Nord, in the village of Cruzy (Hérault), between Beziers and Saint-Chinian" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "632365", "collectionId": "68048", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30636", "collectionReferenceId": "46006", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Aude", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fa village", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Garumnian", "geogcomments": "a little S of the village of Fa, in outcrops to the W of Mouthoumet" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "790030", "collectionId": "85497", "identifiedName": "\"Rhabdodon\" sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28886", "collectionReferenceId": "28886", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lancram B (LcB), Sebes Valley (1.7 m)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost early to early late Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)", "geogcomments": "Sebes Valley riverbed, 1.5 km NNE of Lancram village, 0.5 km downstream from confluence with Secas stream, on L bank of a wide meander" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "809372", "collectionId": "88583", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29712", "collectionReferenceId": "13031", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "", "formation": "Grès à Reptiles", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Combebelle, Villespassans", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Combebelle, Villespassans" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "809374", "collectionId": "88585", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29712", "collectionReferenceId": "29712", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Hérault", "formation": "Grès à Reptiles", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Plô Saint-Pons", "collection_aka": "Plo Saint Pons", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Plô Saint-Pons, near Saint-Chinian. Between villages of Cruzy and Bize" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "825942", "collectionId": "91037", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon priscum", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30636", "collectionReferenceId": "30636", "cc": "FR", "state": "Midi-Pyrénées", "county": "Ariège", "formation": "Grès de Labarre", "member": "Marnes d'En Gauly", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Maison Varin, Dreuilhe", "collection_aka": "Gabre, Lavelanet", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of stratum; near the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary", "geogcomments": "Dreuilhe anticline, on N edge of village of Lavelanet, NE of hamlet of Gabre (but map shows it to be within Dreuilhe on the Rue du Gabre), from the property of Mr and Mme Varin. Lambert coordinates: x = 4° 7' 30\", y = 47° 54' 54\"" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "826618", "collectionId": "53479", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon priscum", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30653", "collectionReferenceId": "30660", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Aude", "formation": "Marnes Rouges Inférieures", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rennes-le-Château (F3)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Equivalent continental stage is Begudo-Rognacian; layer with eggs is Rognacian", "geogcomments": "northeast of the Pyrenees; 350 m NW of Rennes-le-Château (X = 593, y = 70,2 on Quillan sheet, 50,000 scale), \"reached by an old route that leaves from the castle tower\"" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "830877", "collectionId": "53480", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon priscum", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30925", "collectionReferenceId": "30925", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Aude", "formation": "Marnes Rouges Inférieures", "member": "Marnes de la Maurine", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Campagne-sur-Aude (C I)", "collection_aka": "Rennes-le-Château, Espéraza", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Continental equivalent is Begudo-Rognacian", "geogcomments": "few kilometers west of Rennes-le-Château, at Campagne-sur-Aude, S of Espéraza. Lambert coordinates: x = 42° 55' 8\", y = 2° 12' 35\". Eggs at two sites - one 50 m from bone deposit, another 800 m W of first." }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "830915", "collectionId": "91781", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32222", "collectionReferenceId": "30927", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla-La Mancha", "county": "Cuenca", "formation": "Villalba de la Sierra", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lo Hueco, Fuentes (G1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Garumnian\", upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "\"Lo Hueco\" site, near town of Fuentes, Cuenca - discovered during construction of high-speed rail between Madrid and Valencia, 15 m below ground" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "872401", "collectionId": "59410", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon priscum", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32943", "collectionReferenceId": "53030", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Szentpéterfalva, Hateg Basin", "collection_aka": "Sânpetru, Sînpetru, Sâmpetru, Sîmpetru, Sacel, La Carare, Sinpetru", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ţabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "on the Nopcsa family estate near Sînpetru (Szentpéterfalva), in the southern Carpathian Mtns., near Hunedoara, Hateg Basin" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "963022", "collectionId": "48862", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36728", "collectionReferenceId": "23496", "cc": "FR", "state": "Aude", "county": "Ariège", "formation": "Grès de Labarre", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Mas d'Azil (Brusquette Farm)", "collection_aka": "Le Mas-d'Azil", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Le Mas d'Azil, Ariège Dept., near the Brusquette Farm, Plantaurel" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "963745", "collectionId": "113294", "identifiedName": "cf. Rhabdodon priscus", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36767", "collectionReferenceId": "36767", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Aude", "formation": "Marnes Rouges Inférieures", "member": "Marnes de la Maurine", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gourg de l'Encantado (RC10)", "collection_aka": "Rennes-le-Château", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Gourg de l'Encantado, village of Rennes-le-Château" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1116242", "collectionId": "48864", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon priscum", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46006", "collectionReferenceId": "46006", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Var", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fox-Amphoux (Var)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "2 km N of village of Fox-Amphoux" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1116645", "collectionId": "141601", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon priscum", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46006", "collectionReferenceId": "46006", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Var", "formation": "Grès à Reptiles", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Basségat", "collection_aka": "Fox-Amphoux", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Danian\"", "geogcomments": "Basségat, near Fox-Amphoux, Fox-Amphoux Syncline, Var" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1188024", "collectionId": "89990", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76792", "collectionReferenceId": "30133", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Var", "formation": "Argiles rutilantes", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "A8 motorway, Pourrières", "collection_aka": "Jas Neuf Sud, Pourrières-Jas Neuf, Jas-Neuf Sud", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near the village of Pourrières, two distinct localities but no further details given. One is Pourrières-Les Eysarettes (titanosaur)" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1215908", "collectionId": "158281", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon cf. priscus", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55386", "collectionReferenceId": "51980", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "Figuerola", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fontllonga", "collection_name": "Vilanova de Meià, Coll d'Orenga", "collection_aka": "Perauba-Figuerola", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower Garumnian\"; prev. assigned to La Maçana Fm; close to early/late Maastrichtian boundary\r\n\r\nThe updated age of the Figuerola Fm implies that the Fontllonga-6 site no longer belongs to the base of chron C31r as proposed by Sellés and Vila (2015) as well as Torices et al. (2015). Instead, this site is allocated to chron C30r (late Maastrichtian). The Figuerola-2, −3 and Perauba-Figuerola sites remain in an undeterminate age around the mid-upper part of chron C31r, but are younger than the earliest Maastrichtian age previously proposed by Torices et al. (2015).", "geogcomments": "near Coll d'Orenga, betwee Perauba and Figuerola de Meià; in the city of Vilanova de Meià" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1278693", "collectionId": "141189", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon priscum", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54061", "collectionReferenceId": "45823", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Término de Orcau, Bastús road", "collection_aka": "Point 7, Basturs", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "close to the town of Orcau, on the road from Bastús; locality 7 of Lapparent and Aguirre (1956)" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1303281", "collectionId": "174232", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76792", "collectionReferenceId": "76809", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur", "county": "Bouches-du-Rhône", "formation": "Argiles et Grès à Reptiles", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Cairanne-Highway", "collection_aka": "Rousset", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower ‘Argiles et Grès à Reptiles’ Formation or Lower ‘Argiles Rutilantes’ Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1327612", "collectionId": "74660", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59044", "collectionReferenceId": "25139", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Gard", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Champ-Garimond", "collection_aka": "Champ Garimond; Fons 0", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Begudo-Rognacian, now Campanian", "geogcomments": "Champ-Garimond, NW of village of Fons, commune of Fons-Outre-Gardon" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1431973", "collectionId": "158281", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67929", "collectionReferenceId": "51980", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "Figuerola", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fontllonga", "collection_name": "Vilanova de Meià, Coll d'Orenga", "collection_aka": "Perauba-Figuerola", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower Garumnian\"; prev. assigned to La Maçana Fm; close to early/late Maastrichtian boundary\r\n\r\nThe updated age of the Figuerola Fm implies that the Fontllonga-6 site no longer belongs to the base of chron C31r as proposed by Sellés and Vila (2015) as well as Torices et al. (2015). Instead, this site is allocated to chron C30r (late Maastrichtian). The Figuerola-2, −3 and Perauba-Figuerola sites remain in an undeterminate age around the mid-upper part of chron C31r, but are younger than the earliest Maastrichtian age previously proposed by Torices et al. (2015).", "geogcomments": "near Coll d'Orenga, betwee Perauba and Figuerola de Meià; in the city of Vilanova de Meià" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1549270", "collectionId": "218895", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon priscus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75805", "collectionReferenceId": "29949", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "El Cogorro", "collection_aka": "Arauzo de Miel", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "El Cogorro, near Arauzo de Miel" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1558786", "collectionId": "59686", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76672", "collectionReferenceId": "36732", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Hérault", "formation": "Saint-Chinian", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Castigno, Villespassans", "collection_aka": "South of Saint-Chinian", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "late Campanian-early Maastrichtian according to Buffetaut and Angst (2016)", "geogcomments": "next to the Castigno farm, SW of Assignan" }, { "genusId": "38753", "genus": "Rhabdodon", "occurrenceId": "1559668", "collectionId": "220113", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhabdodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76792", "collectionReferenceId": "76792", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Var", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jas Neuf Est", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near the village of Pourrières" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Rhabdodontomorpha", "Rhabdodontoidea", "Rhabdodontidae", "Rhabdodon" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Rhabdodontomorpha", "clade:Rhabdodontoidea", "clade:Rhabdodontidae", "genus:38753" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38753" ], "candidateIds": [ "38753" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "305972", "name": "Rhinorex", "displayName": "Rhinorex", "attribution": "Gates and Scheetz 2014", "rawAttribution": "Gates and Scheetz 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=305972", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Rhinorex" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53385", "305972" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=305972", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Rhinorex", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=305972" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "305972", "genus": "Rhinorex", "occurrenceId": "1429198", "collectionId": "161992", "identifiedName": "Rhinorex condrupus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Rhinorex condrupus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52770", "collectionReferenceId": "52770", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Nelsen", "member": "", "geological_group": "Mesaverde", "collection_name": "Thompson Canyon (general)", "collection_aka": "Rhinorex type locality", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12m from base of formation", "geogcomments": "General area taken from other 'Thompson Canyon' collections, estimated from maps and photos in Kirkland & Lively 2023 (N of exit 175 on I-70)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Rhinorex" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "genus:374117" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "473968", "251719", "516717", "434122", "519177", "374117" ], "candidateIds": [ "374117" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "UA", "crimea" ], "label": "Crimea · UA", "occurrenceId": "520794", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Riabininohadros" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Calvarius", "Delapparentia", "Istiorachis", "Magnamanus", "Paulodon" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Riabininohadros": [ "520794" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "374117" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "58873", "name": "Richardoestesia", "displayName": "Richardoestesia", "attribution": "Currie et al. 1990", "rawAttribution": "Currie et al. 1990", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58873", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Richardoestesia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "58873" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58873", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia", "Europe" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "248044", "collectionId": "14462", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13591", "collectionReferenceId": "1487", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Hidden Valley Quarry (HVQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "248063", "collectionId": "14437", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "25474", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Careless Creek Quarry (CCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the lower 1/3rd of the local section according to Penkalski and Dodson 1999\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma, ", "geogcomments": "on Careless Creek Ranch (owned by Lammers family), near Shawmut, Wheatland Co., about 150 km NW of Billings and 160 km S of Leidy-Cope localities on Missouri R." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "280104", "collectionId": "26760", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7389", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Grave bonebed, Hanson Ranch", "collection_aka": "Edmontosaurus bonebed, Dragons' Grave, Roxson, HR", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY. Includes five quarries from the same bonebed: North (N), South (S), Southeast (SE), West (W), and Teague (T) plus three exploratory quarries to determine extent: Toe, Neufeld (Neu), and DKC." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "288586", "collectionId": "14489", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11752", "collectionReferenceId": "2988", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Terlingua", "collection_aka": "OMNH V58; TMM 43057", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"microvertebrate-bearing bed is 13 to 18 cm thick\" and \"within several meters of the top of the underlying Terlingua Creek sandstone member\"\r\nammonites and bivalves support a late Campanian age\r\n", "geogcomments": "8 km NNE of Study Butte\r\n\"bone-bearing deposit ranges up to 10 m wide\"" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "292868", "collectionId": "27894", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "7650", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Toteşti-baraj", "collection_aka": "Hateg Basin; Toteşti baraj, Totesti; To", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "assigned to Sânpetru Formation with reservation, due to differences in sedimentology. Age assignment accordingly subject to revision. at least 6 levels with dinosaur nests.", "geogcomments": "within streambed of Râul Mare River, near barrage of Totesti village, central Hateg Basin, northwestern South Carpathians, Romania" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "362795", "collectionId": "34320", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9017", "collectionReferenceId": "9017", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Millar Bonebed Site", "collection_aka": "MB", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a channel lag within the 8-16 m thick Lethbridge coal zone", "geogcomments": "near Onefour" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "385564", "collectionId": "36727", "identifiedName": "? Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56091", "collectionReferenceId": "61140", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "", "formation": "La Posa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Montrebey", "collection_aka": "Montrebei", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "‘Grey Garumnian’ strata of the Tremp Formation, La Posa Formation\n‘mid’ early Maastrichtian (C31r) (Torices Hernández, 2002, Torices et al., 2015, Fondevilla et al., 2019)", "geogcomments": "Montrebey (Montrebei), 60 km W of Selles, Ager syncline, south-central Pyrenées, Cataluna province, Spain" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "385571", "collectionId": "36728", "identifiedName": "? Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56091", "collectionReferenceId": "36723", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "La Posa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Vicari 4", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "base of formation; G. aegyptiacus zone (Unit 1)\r\n\"Grey Garumnian\"\r\nLa Posa Fm. = early Maastrichtian (Fondevilla et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "Vicari, about 31 km N of Selles, Ager syncline, south-central Pyrenées, Lleida, Cataluna province, Spain" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "385575", "collectionId": "36731", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9837", "collectionReferenceId": "36723", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "La Posa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Suterranya-1 (gypsum bed)", "collection_aka": "Suterraña", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "G. aegyptiacus zone; c. 10 m above the contact of the Tremp Formation with the Aren Sandstone (Unit 1)\r\n\r\nLa Posa Fm. = early Maastrichtian (Fondevilla et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "Suterranya, Tremp Basin, Ager syncline, south-central Pyrenées, Cataluna province, Spain; 4 km west of Orcau" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "392712", "collectionId": "22689", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9812", "collectionReferenceId": "14615", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jack's Birthday Site, MOR TM-068 (bone layer)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1564", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: frm bentonites radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min\r\n\r\nForeman et al. 2008: 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic age data reported for the Two Medicine Formation (Rogers et al., 1993; present study) are consistent with the unit accumulating during most of the Campanian Stage (83.5–70.6 Ma, Gradstein et al., 2004), with deposition definitively commencing prior to 80 Ma and terminating shortly after 74 Ma. ", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "403020", "collectionId": "38677", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10378", "collectionReferenceId": "10378", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "", "formation": "Arén", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "L'Abeller, Unit 3 (upper)", "collection_aka": "Suterranya", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "belongs to Aren-2 sequence, unit 3 above Aren Sandstone Fm.\r\n\r\nEarly Maastrichtian following Fondevilla et al. (2019)", "geogcomments": "L'Abeller site, E of Tremp" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "403133", "collectionId": "24563", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17410", "collectionReferenceId": "6907", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Guimarota", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two lignite coal layers wth vertebrate fossils. Dated as Oxfordian based on microflora, Kimmeridgian based on ostracods. Recent work (Schudack 1993) favors Kimmeridgian.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457809", "collectionId": "45098", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V91007, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -80.16, K-T section 9906, ", "geogcomments": "approx. NW 1/4, sec. 32, R106W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457819", "collectionId": "45099", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V89004, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -81.68, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "approx. NW 1/4, sec. 32, R106W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457844", "collectionId": "14610", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "1984", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "PTRM V92067", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -36.18, K-T seection 9317", "geogcomments": "Little Missouri Badlands" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457865", "collectionId": "45102", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V89003", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -89.40, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "approx. at center of S edge of sec. 24, R105W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457883", "collectionId": "45109", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88018, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -14.27, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457892", "collectionId": "45110", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88019, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -12.00, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457905", "collectionId": "45111", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V87012, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -9.85, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457915", "collectionId": "45112", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88017, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -3.17, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457921", "collectionId": "45113", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88021, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -10.00, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457928", "collectionId": "45114", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88020, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -10.00, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457949", "collectionId": "45118", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88004, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -10.61, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457958", "collectionId": "45120", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88012, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -2.37, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457966", "collectionId": "45122", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V97006", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -27.00, K-T secetion 9317", "geogcomments": "T131N,R105W,sec, approx. SW 1/4" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "457997", "collectionId": "45130", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V87009, Pretty Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -31.43, K-T section 9735", "geogcomments": "T134N,R106W,sec35, approx. SW 1/4" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "458109", "collectionId": "45136", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V86003, Pretty Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -35.05, K-T section 9735", "geogcomments": "T134N,R106W,sec35, approx. SW 1/4" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "458257", "collectionId": "45144", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V86002, East Marmarth", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -29.18, K-T section 86148", "geogcomments": "T133N,R105W,sec17, approx. S center" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "459862", "collectionId": "45299", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V95016, Cannonball Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -8.85, K-T section 9612", "geogcomments": "T135N,R106W,sec33, approx. SW 1/4" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "460499", "collectionId": "45390", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "PTRM V92025, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -73.00, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "2 miles south of Doaks Butte, ND" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "460514", "collectionId": "45391", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V91014, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -75.00, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "2 miles south of Doaks Butte, ND" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "461778", "collectionId": "45561", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Pinhorn Range #2, RTMP L1124", "collection_aka": "PHR-2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper unit of formation", "geogcomments": "LSD 4, Sec. 22, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "461842", "collectionId": "45564", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Pinhorn Range #1, RTMP L1125", "collection_aka": "PHR-1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper unit of formation (base of third unit), 25 m below Oldman Fm", "geogcomments": "LSD 1, Sec. 21, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "461879", "collectionId": "45565", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hoodoo Site, RTMP L1126", "collection_aka": "Ho S", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower unit of formation; 8.5 m above top of Taber Coal Zone", "geogcomments": "LSD 4, Sec. 7, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "462940", "collectionId": "45671", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Prairie Level Site, RTMP L1130", "collection_aka": "PLS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit (upper unit of formation); 4.5 m below double bentonite at top of section", "geogcomments": "LSD 6, Sec. 36, T1, R6, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "462976", "collectionId": "45674", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hanna's Ankylosaur Site, RTMP L1131", "collection_aka": "HAS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit (upper member); 14.5 m below the double bentonite layers of the section", "geogcomments": "LSD 10, Sec. 36, T1, R6, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "463127", "collectionId": "45684", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11751", "collectionReferenceId": "12060", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "2.5 miles south of mouth, Sand Creek (200 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Richardoestesia type, NMC, Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formation now a group; assigned to Dinosaur Park Fm. in ref 52782", "geogcomments": "Sec. 30, T20, R11, W 4th meridian; 2.5 miles S of mouth of Little Sandhill Creek, Red Deer River, Alberta; 200 feet above river" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "463820", "collectionId": "45819", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hanna's Site, RTMP L1132", "collection_aka": "HS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit; middle unit of Oldman (but estimated)", "geogcomments": "LSD *, Sec 34, T2, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "463923", "collectionId": "45821", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Confluence Site, RTMP L1134", "collection_aka": "CS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit, middle unit of formation; horizon estimated", "geogcomments": "LSD 9, Sec 34, T2, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "464637", "collectionId": "45892", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Cecil Nesmo's #2, RTMP L1136", "collection_aka": "CN-2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "4.5 m above the uppermost sandstone sheet of the middle unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 12, Sec 35, T1, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "464711", "collectionId": "45894", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Old Road Site, RTMP L1138", "collection_aka": "ORS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "7 m below base of upper unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 10, Sec 35, T1, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "464758", "collectionId": "45897", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Come-By-Chance, RTMP L1139", "collection_aka": "CBC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "5.5 m lower than RDS site; \"suggested\" to be at base of upper unit; Nesmo's unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 2, Sec 10, T3, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "464796", "collectionId": "45898", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Rainy Day Site, RTMP L1140", "collection_aka": "RDS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit; 5.5 m higher than CBC site; upper member of formation", "geogcomments": "LSD 6, Sec 10, T3, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "467158", "collectionId": "14616", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "39778", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sandstone Basin, UCMP V-80092", "collection_aka": "UCMP locality V80092; MOR HC-530, Doldrums", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The locality is a small shallow wash with extensive exposures of a bone-rich basal lag of the Ten Meter Sand (Hartman et al., 2014; Fowler, 2016). The Ten Meter Sand occurs ~10 m below the contact with the overlying Fort Union Formation (which is visible in adjacent cliffs ~100 m to the east), hence V80092/HC-530 is located in the upper part of the upper third of the Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "479688", "collectionId": "14488", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3010", "collectionReferenceId": "3010", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Talley Mountain (LSU)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Multiple sites from above WPA quarry level - five horizons", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park; county assignment uncertain. Multiple sites." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "479689", "collectionId": "14488", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3010", "collectionReferenceId": "3010", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Talley Mountain (LSU)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Multiple sites from above WPA quarry level - five horizons", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park; county assignment uncertain. Multiple sites." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "483513", "collectionId": "14507", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Baldy Butte", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72215", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "483562", "collectionId": "14508", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Baldy Butte SW-Blazing Saddle", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-74116", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "483642", "collectionId": "14505", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "3880", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altman Blowout", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5616", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from a single blowout", "geogcomments": "\"Altman property, on the Lance Creek-Crazy Woman Creek divide, east of the Lance Creek-Hampshire road, 17.3 miles by road north of Lance Creek\"; coordinate based on Lance Creek (not the town) - changed to coordinates from UCMP database" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "487870", "collectionId": "14525", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Fork Coulee", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73103", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "487934", "collectionId": "14535", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Engdahl Anthills 3", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73077", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488015", "collectionId": "14546", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73083", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488047", "collectionId": "14548", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 3", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73085", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488088", "collectionId": "14549", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 5", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73087; UWBM C1614; UCMP V73087", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488089", "collectionId": "14549", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 5", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73087; UWBM C1614; UCMP V73087", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488100", "collectionId": "14521", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cole Anthill 2", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-76167", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488132", "collectionId": "14560", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Haley", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-75157", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488175", "collectionId": "14566", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mammal Quarry No. 2 (UCMP V-5815)", "collection_aka": "Lance Quarry 2, Hatcher No. 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on W side of an erosional remnant near center of large blowout on crest of ridge, 150 yds N of road (from which point the Johnson Ranch is 0.4 mi. away). 200 yds N80°E of benchmark Q-100." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488226", "collectionId": "14568", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hauso 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-77130, UWBM C1917", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488248", "collectionId": "14574", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jordan Coulee", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73093", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488263", "collectionId": "14577", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kent 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5618", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488349", "collectionId": "14582", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Lead Slug Hill 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72208", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488359", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488431", "collectionId": "14653", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Wild Horse Basin", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-75178", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488599", "collectionId": "14639", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Trumbo's Anthill", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72213", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488891", "collectionId": "14605", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Penick Coulee 7", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-76161", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "488975", "collectionId": "14596", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "McNally No. 1", "collection_aka": "McNalley; UCMP V-5713", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "489004", "collectionId": "14580", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "K-Mark Channel", "collection_aka": "KMark II; UCMP V-85092", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "489008", "collectionId": "14575", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Juniper Tree West (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-87151 (in part)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "489031", "collectionId": "14617", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Second Level (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-87101 (in part); UWBM locality C1692", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "489032", "collectionId": "14623", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tedrow Quarry C (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-87071 (in part)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "489036", "collectionId": "14624", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tedrow Quarry D (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-87072 (in part)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "489044", "collectionId": "14647", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Up-Up-The Creek 1A (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-87035 (in part)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "489046", "collectionId": "14650", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Up-Up-The Creek 3 (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-87038 (in part)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "508632", "collectionId": "14457", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "1098", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Emily's Ankle Quarry (EAQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "508637", "collectionId": "14434", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "1098", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Blackbird Ridge Quarry (BBR)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "559695", "collectionId": "58168", "identifiedName": "Asiamericana asiatica n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Asiamericana asiatica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16510", "collectionReferenceId": "38131", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-14, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk; Dzhara-Kuduk, Dzhirakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk, Kul’beke, TsBI-14", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 57 m above the base of the formation", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area, 32 km SW of Mynbulak" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "565237", "collectionId": "59068", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "16780", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH Loc. L-4005", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Flynn et al. 2020: The mammalian faunas of the Naashoibito Member correlates to the Lancian Land Mammal Age, which suggests a late Maastrichtian age (Williamson and Weil, 2008a). Paleobotanical analyses on the megaflora and pollen indicates that the Ojo Alamo Sandstone is earliest Paleocene in age and is correlated with palynostratigraphic zones P1 or P2 ( Anderson, 1959; Nichols, 2003; Williamson et al., 2008; Flynn and Peppe, in press). Recent detrital sanidine and paleomagnetic work has constrained the Naashoibito Member to the latest Maastrichtian indicating the K/Pg boundary is represented by the unconformity between the Naashoibito Member and the Ojo Alamo Sandstone (Peppe et al., 2013; Flynn et al., 2019). These data, coupled with previous sedimentological analyses, demonstrate that the Naashoibito Member is late Maastrichtian in age and the Ojo Alamo Sandstone is early Paleocene in age with an erosive unconformity, that cuts out the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, separating the two units", "geogcomments": "Alamo Mesa East quad, near Toadlena" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "566029", "collectionId": "59269", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80599", "collectionReferenceId": "25139", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Bouches-du-Rhône", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Neuve", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "a subhorizontal layer in the Arc syncline; terminal/upper \"Begudian\"; no formation name given; middle Campanian following Fondevilla et al. (2019)", "geogcomments": "along a railway cutting along route D6 from Trets to Saint-Maximin, in the Arc syncline, Trets region" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "575885", "collectionId": "60563", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17404", "collectionReferenceId": "17404", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "RTMP L2000, Horsethief Canyon", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Horsethief Canyon, near Drumheller in the Red Deer Valley" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "581943", "collectionId": "45437", "identifiedName": "? Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56091", "collectionReferenceId": "17660", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Huesca", "formation": "La Posa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Blasi 2, Arén", "collection_aka": "Blasi 2a, 2b", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part; 6.5 m interval; upper part of chron c30n, 65.6-68.7 mya\r\nThe Conques Formation is equivalent to the \"lower Red Garumen\" facies. The Conques Formation was previously assigned a late maastrichtian age (Sellés and Villa 2015; Villa et al. 2015) Biostratigraphy and Sr stable isotope geochemistry suggest that the La Posa and Conques Formation are entirely early Maastrichtian, lying within chron C31r (see Caus et al. 2016; Oms et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2019).\r\nActually the \"Grey Garumnian\" = La Posa Fm.", "geogcomments": "on N limb of Tremp syncline, near Arén, Huesca, S-central Pyrenees, Spain; Includes Blasi 2a and 2b sites." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "581944", "collectionId": "45437", "identifiedName": "? Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56091", "collectionReferenceId": "17660", "cc": "ES", "state": "Aragón", "county": "Huesca", "formation": "La Posa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Blasi 2, Arén", "collection_aka": "Blasi 2a, 2b", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part; 6.5 m interval; upper part of chron c30n, 65.6-68.7 mya\r\nThe Conques Formation is equivalent to the \"lower Red Garumen\" facies. The Conques Formation was previously assigned a late maastrichtian age (Sellés and Villa 2015; Villa et al. 2015) Biostratigraphy and Sr stable isotope geochemistry suggest that the La Posa and Conques Formation are entirely early Maastrichtian, lying within chron C31r (see Caus et al. 2016; Oms et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2019).\r\nActually the \"Grey Garumnian\" = La Posa Fm.", "geogcomments": "on N limb of Tremp syncline, near Arén, Huesca, S-central Pyrenees, Spain; Includes Blasi 2a and 2b sites." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "582739", "collectionId": "61319", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17686", "collectionReferenceId": "18607", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cuenca", "county": "", "formation": "La Huérguina", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Uña", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also called the \"Uña Formation\"", "geogcomments": "E-central spain, 40 km NE of Cuenca. On the upper course of the Jucar River, 20 km from Las Hoyas" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "583860", "collectionId": "38134", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia ", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17707", "collectionReferenceId": "43271", "cc": "RU", "state": "Amur", "county": "Arkharinskii", "formation": "Udurchukan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tsagayan", "collection_name": "Kundur", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Godefroit et al. (2012): \"Udurchukan Formation (Wodehouseia spinata - Aquilapollenites subtilis palynozone), ?Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "Kundur locality, near town of Obluch'e, Arkharinskii district, Amur region, Yevreyskaya Avtonomnyy Oblast, Russia. On the Vladivostok-Moscow highway (Chita-Khabarovsk highway), 10 km SE of Kundur village\r\n\r\nGodefroit et al. (2012): \"Kundur (N 49deg 04' 57.5\"; E 130deg 51' 34.1\"), Amur Region, Far Eastern Russia.\"" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "583861", "collectionId": "38134", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia ", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17707", "collectionReferenceId": "43271", "cc": "RU", "state": "Amur", "county": "Arkharinskii", "formation": "Udurchukan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tsagayan", "collection_name": "Kundur", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Godefroit et al. (2012): \"Udurchukan Formation (Wodehouseia spinata - Aquilapollenites subtilis palynozone), ?Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "Kundur locality, near town of Obluch'e, Arkharinskii district, Amur region, Yevreyskaya Avtonomnyy Oblast, Russia. On the Vladivostok-Moscow highway (Chita-Khabarovsk highway), 10 km SE of Kundur village\r\n\r\nGodefroit et al. (2012): \"Kundur (N 49deg 04' 57.5\"; E 130deg 51' 34.1\"), Amur Region, Far Eastern Russia.\"" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "586540", "collectionId": "14458", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17857", "collectionReferenceId": "2237", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Natrona", "formation": "Mesaverde", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fales Rocks 1", "collection_aka": "UW V-81006; UCMP V-81101", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "now dated to upper middle Campanian", "geogcomments": "below top of SW slope of hill 6450 (Garfield Park Quad, 1959, 7.5 min.), in NE 1/4, SW 1/4, SW 1/4, Se 1/4, sec 4, T33N, R87W. 37 m SE of Barwin Quarry." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "586554", "collectionId": "14465", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17857", "collectionReferenceId": "2237", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Mesaverde", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jerry Case Five", "collection_aka": "UW V-81032; G. R. Case no. MV496, 499, 516-517", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE corner of NW 1/4, NW 1/4, sec 27 plus SE corner, SW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 22, T48N, R91W" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "627843", "collectionId": "45240", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 105", "collection_aka": "Dave's II, Bonebed 105, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "627852", "collectionId": "47795", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Ankylosaur-rich Site, RTMP BB 103", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, Bonebed 103, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "627857", "collectionId": "47811", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Matthew's Site, RTMP BB 121", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, Bonebed 121, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "627861", "collectionId": "47794", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "New Campsite Locality, RTMP BB 100", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 100, RTMP L0406", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "627870", "collectionId": "47809", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Chris's Site, RTMP BB 107", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 107", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628082", "collectionId": "47816", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 31, DPP", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 31", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628089", "collectionId": "45264", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 86", "collection_aka": "DPP, Bonebed 86, TMP loc. L0086", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\"", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628114", "collectionId": "45261", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 97", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 97, DPP, JMC 1044", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628121", "collectionId": "22698", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 104", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1573, Bonebed 104, U-2, TMP loc. L0401", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628130", "collectionId": "45238", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 25", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 25, DPP, L0025", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990). " }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628132", "collectionId": "22695", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Francois Site, RTMP BB 106", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1570, Bonebed 106", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628135", "collectionId": "47814", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 54", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, Bonebed 54, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628140", "collectionId": "22697", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville Railway Grade, RTMP BB 102", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1572, Steveville Railroad Grade, RRG, Bonebed 102, RTMP Quarry 152, TMP loc. L0408", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628147", "collectionId": "22696", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Peter's Site, RTMP BB 94", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1571, Bonebed 94", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628152", "collectionId": "47784", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "One Tree Creek, RTMP BB 108", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 108", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628158", "collectionId": "46953", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5721", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 75", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 75, JR075, L0075", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 7, sec 32, T20, R11, W 4th meridian, Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628161", "collectionId": "45260", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 119", "collection_aka": "Turtle Pond, DPP, Bonebed 119, RTMP Quarry 159, U009", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "628165", "collectionId": "47791", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5930", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Jim's Site, RTMP BB 115", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 115", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "629771", "collectionId": "67871", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 135", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 135, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5619950 N, 463500 E" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "629778", "collectionId": "67872", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP L1118, Ken's Site", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5622810 N, 462990 E" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "629787", "collectionId": "67873", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP L1120, Eric's Bro's", "collection_aka": "DPP; Eric’s Brother’s Bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5632500 N, 478550 E" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "629796", "collectionId": "67874", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP L1122, Ryan's", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5622950 N, 473100 E" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "629893", "collectionId": "67879", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "S.P. #1, South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "Sandy Point #1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTm 12. 5610500 N, 557200 E, N of Medicine Hat" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "629919", "collectionId": "67881", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hilda #1, South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTm 12. 5698800 N, 542700 E" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "629984", "collectionId": "67893", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 78", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 78, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5624670 N, 467730 E" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "629994", "collectionId": "67894", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 117", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 117, DPP, Dave's Site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5622680 N, 463750 E" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "632175", "collectionId": "68001", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11752", "collectionReferenceId": "11752", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 140, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-140, Judy's Conglomerate", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "632177", "collectionId": "68001", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19433", "collectionReferenceId": "11752", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 140, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-140, Judy's Conglomerate", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "632186", "collectionId": "68003", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19433", "collectionReferenceId": "11752", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 489, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-489, Judy's Conglomerate", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "632193", "collectionId": "68003", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11752", "collectionReferenceId": "11752", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 489, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-489, Judy's Conglomerate", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "632204", "collectionId": "68006", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11752", "collectionReferenceId": "11752", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 492, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-492", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "632208", "collectionId": "68007", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19433", "collectionReferenceId": "19433", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 113, Dawson Creek", "collection_aka": "VL-113, Running Lizard", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "Dawson Creek area, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "632211", "collectionId": "68008", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19433", "collectionReferenceId": "19433", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 741, Rattlesnake Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-741", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "Rattlesnake Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "650688", "collectionId": "14540", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "1419", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ferris Formation (UW V-92010)", "collection_aka": "Deja Vu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "650716", "collectionId": "70343", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ferris Formation (UW V-93012)", "collection_aka": "Rat Thing Ridge", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "682913", "collectionId": "73612", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24682", "collectionReferenceId": "24682", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Cifelli #2 Eolambia caroljonesa Quarry (22.2)", "collection_aka": "CEUM locality 42em432v, Eolambia II, Eo2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "A radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "260 m N of a section taken in sec 28, T24S, R6E; at 38° 41' 17.34\" N, 111° 15' 41.16\" W" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "692619", "collectionId": "74659", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80599", "collectionReferenceId": "25139", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Gard", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Serviers, Uzès", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Serviers, Uzès region, Gard" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "700738", "collectionId": "75287", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93036, All Jaelyn's Fault", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "700789", "collectionId": "14543", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "1419", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ferris Formation (UW V-92046)", "collection_aka": "Three and a Half Teeth", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "702709", "collectionId": "75432", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93007, Oedipus Rex", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "790048", "collectionId": "85498", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28887", "collectionReferenceId": "28887", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Conor's Microsite (CM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "near Fort Peck Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "790051", "collectionId": "85498", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28887", "collectionReferenceId": "28887", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Conor's Microsite (CM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "near Fort Peck Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "790074", "collectionId": "85499", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28887", "collectionReferenceId": "28887", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UCMP V99370, Just Past Celeste's Microsite", "collection_aka": "JPC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "near Fort Peck Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "814080", "collectionId": "89605", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30044", "collectionReferenceId": "76819", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Wapiti", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kleskun Hill Park, site B", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "above an ash layer dated as 73.77 ± 1.46 Ma (Ar/Ar)", "geogcomments": "Kleskun Hill Park, ca. 25 km NE of Grande Prairie, W-central Alberta, on left side of Smoky River" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "819381", "collectionId": "14515", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "3198", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Brownie Butte", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73097", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1071606", "collectionId": "133007", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82620", "collectionReferenceId": "30640", "cc": "MX", "state": "Chiapas", "county": "", "formation": "Ocozocoautla", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ocozocoautla microvertebrate site", "collection_aka": "Jaltenango", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "north of Ocozocoautla, near the Jaltenango River" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1081340", "collectionId": "55363", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Albertosaurus Bonebed, Dry Island Buffalo Jump", "collection_aka": "Albertosaurus Quarry, Big Valley Creek, ABB, RTMP L2204", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from transition between Units 4 and 5, HCF \"B\", should be top of Tolman Mb.", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection # 52468, near Dry Island, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1081396", "collectionId": "135741", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43426", "collectionReferenceId": "43426", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "TMP NL-1", "collection_aka": "HSC—Nick Longrich Site #1; RTMP L2385", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from Unit 4", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection #52468, near Dry Island, Alberta; Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, 19 km northwest of Trochu (and 9 mi N of type locality for Parksosaurus)" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1134740", "collectionId": "68002", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46717", "collectionReferenceId": "11752", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 488, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-488", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1134774", "collectionId": "68003", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46717", "collectionReferenceId": "11752", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 489, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-489, Judy's Conglomerate", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1134783", "collectionId": "68003", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46717", "collectionReferenceId": "11752", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 489, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-489, Judy's Conglomerate", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1139452", "collectionId": "14519", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46728", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bushy Tailed Blowout", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5711 (BTB locality)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181613", "collectionId": "14549", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 5", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73087; UWBM C1614; UCMP V73087", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181614", "collectionId": "137798", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "42536", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance General (UCMP loc. V-65238)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181617", "collectionId": "14536", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Engdahl Anthills 4", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73078", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181625", "collectionId": "45819", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hanna's Site, RTMP L1132", "collection_aka": "HS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit; middle unit of Oldman (but estimated)", "geogcomments": "LSD *, Sec 34, T2, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181626", "collectionId": "53049", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Little Diablo's Hill, Devil's Coulee", "collection_aka": "Diabloes Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "At Devil's Coulee, near Warner, Alberta." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181760", "collectionId": "45566", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Wendy's Site, RTMP L1127", "collection_aka": "WS, Pinhorn Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower unit of formation; about 10 m above Taber Coal Zone", "geogcomments": "LSD 5, Sec. 7, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee/Pinhorn Ranch, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181761", "collectionId": "52991", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "14287", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Devil's Coulee (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Includes all materials not assigned to a sublocality of Devil's Coulee." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181762", "collectionId": "76030", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "25724", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Iddesleigh (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "\"late Campanian\"", "geogcomments": "\"just north of Iddesleigh [basis of coordinate]... on the south side of the Red Deer River, roughly 100 m above river level\"" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181763", "collectionId": "76752", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "16964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 23, One Tree Creek", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 23, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": " located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta, in the One Tree Creek (Onetree Creek) area" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181764", "collectionId": "77259", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "26153", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sage Creek Grazing Reserve (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of formation, < 10 m below Lethbridge Coal Zone; stratigraphic level estimated from Fig. 4 in ref 26153", "geogcomments": "Sage Creek, near Onefour; 12, 545414E, 451340 N (there is an error in the coordinates); 130 km SE of holotype locality of Styracosaurus albertensis" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181765", "collectionId": "152279", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Pumposaur Site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 10, T21N, R11W, 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181766", "collectionId": "34744", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "9231", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Drumheller bone bed, Munson Ferry (80 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Bleriot Ferry; RTMP Locality L1504", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "found \"low in the lower member of the Edmonton Formation\" (now = Horseshoe Canyon Fm.)", "geogcomments": "1.5 miles S of Munson Ferry on Red Deer River near Drumheller, Alberta. SW corner of subdivision 6, section 10, T30, R21, W of 4th meridian. Approx. 9.5 miles NW of Drumheller. Horizon is about 80 ft. above river. (Also described as near Bleriot Ferry, about 10 km NW of RTMP.)" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181767", "collectionId": "152271", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Whitemud Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Whitemud Creek" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181768", "collectionId": "152280", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Ski Hill, Drumheller", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "For revised age stratigraphy of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, see Eberth and Braman 2012 and Eberth et al. 2020", "geogcomments": "sec 9, T29N, R20W, 4th meridian; Drumheller -Ski Hill" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181769", "collectionId": "22697", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville Railway Grade, RTMP BB 102", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1572, Steveville Railroad Grade, RRG, Bonebed 102, RTMP Quarry 152, TMP loc. L0408", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181770", "collectionId": "14463", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "1517", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Irvine microvertebrate site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally upper Oldman Fm., now upper part of Dinosaur Park Fm.", "geogcomments": "near Irvine, ca. 40 km E of Medicine Hat. Sec 31, T 11, R 2, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1181772", "collectionId": "45566", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Wendy's Site, RTMP L1127", "collection_aka": "WS, Pinhorn Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower unit of formation; about 10 m above Taber Coal Zone", "geogcomments": "LSD 5, Sec. 7, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee/Pinhorn Ranch, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1193255", "collectionId": "154213", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia aff. gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49990", "collectionReferenceId": "49990", "cc": "PT", "state": "Lourinha", "county": "", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "cliffs south of Praia de Valmitão (VAL)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper half of member", "geogcomments": "along beach near Valmitão, RIbamar" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1202195", "collectionId": "154661", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia cf. isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "50161", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH Loc. 3228", "collection_aka": "De-na-zin", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1202198", "collectionId": "154425", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "50161", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Hunter Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH Loc. 3490", "collection_aka": "Hunter Wash", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Location based on local fauna" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1202226", "collectionId": "154423", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "50161", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH Loc. 1882", "collection_aka": "Fossil Forest", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Location based on local fauna" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1205228", "collectionId": "156148", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "50790", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fossil Forest Quarry 1 (NMMNH L-4276)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Pretty Rock quadrangle" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1237856", "collectionId": "53049", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52782", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Little Diablo's Hill, Devil's Coulee", "collection_aka": "Diabloes Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "At Devil's Coulee, near Warner, Alberta." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1292812", "collectionId": "28765", "identifiedName": "? Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56091", "collectionReferenceId": "7903", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Vitoria", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L1B (S2U1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "separated from underlying S1U3 by an unconformity, level also called L1B", "geogcomments": "approx 1 km. west of Laño, Spain, a disused sand quarry; Treviño, Burgos" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1346308", "collectionId": "91781", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76803", "collectionReferenceId": "30927", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla-La Mancha", "county": "Cuenca", "formation": "Villalba de la Sierra", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lo Hueco, Fuentes (G1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Garumnian\", upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "\"Lo Hueco\" site, near town of Fuentes, Cuenca - discovered during construction of high-speed rail between Madrid and Valencia, 15 m below ground" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1350471", "collectionId": "183109", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61095", "collectionReferenceId": "61095", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Powder River", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lane's Little Jaw Site", "collection_aka": "LLJS Quarry; LACM 7942", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "upper Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1403475", "collectionId": "193675", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65784", "collectionReferenceId": "65784", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Pui Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pui \"multi-bed\" level", "collection_aka": "Barbat River; Bărbat River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Customarily referred to the Sînpetru Formation, but it could represent a distinct stratigraphic unit, informally dubbed the ‘Bărbat Formation’ (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)or 'Pui Beds'.\n\nMost of the Pui localities are from the middle-upper part of the Bărbat River succession and are likely to be latest early to early late Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)", "geogcomments": "near Pui, near the Sibisel Valley, in the Barbat River Valley, 15 km SE of Sinpetru" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1434539", "collectionId": "200123", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68173", "collectionReferenceId": "68173", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NCPALEOUT18, Cliffs of Insanity Microsite", "collection_aka": "COI, UT-14-08-05-Z1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member\r\nA radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "This site occurs in a restricted section of outcrop to the west of currently sampled localities, capturing microhabitat variation that adds critical information to the standing biodiversity during this transition period and new information on the timing and pattern of Laurasian exchange" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1475040", "collectionId": "14403", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70607", "collectionReferenceId": "1223", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "OMNH V794, Mussentuchit", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "15 m below overlying Naturita Fm.\r\n\r\nA radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1475048", "collectionId": "14396", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70607", "collectionReferenceId": "1210", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "OMNH V695, Mussentuchit", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "19 m below overlying Naturita Fm.\r\n\r\nA radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "27 km S of Emery" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1543894", "collectionId": "49636", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75375", "collectionReferenceId": "5792", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Crook", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Little Houston Quarry (SDSM V9138, SDSM V941)", "collection_aka": "WY-11, Main Quarry, Mammal Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two closely spaced beds, Unit 2 and Unit 3", "geogcomments": "approx. 21 km W of Sundance, just N of Little Houston Creek. Includes both Main Quarry and Mammal Quarry, as the two are just 70 m apart and laterally continuous." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1553431", "collectionId": "193946", "identifiedName": "? Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76092", "collectionReferenceId": "65862", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Pui Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pui Swamp", "collection_aka": "Pui Swamp MvBB; Bărbat River; Barbat River, PS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Customarily referred to the Sînpetru Formation, but it could represent a distinct stratigraphic unit, informally dubbed the ‘Bărbat Formation’ (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016) or 'Pui Beds'.\n\nMost likely early, rather than late Maastrichtian, according to Csiki-Sava et al. (2016), based on this coming from the basal part of ‘Pui beds’ succession along the Bărbat River", "geogcomments": "near Pui, in the Barbat River Valley, 15 km SE of Sinpetru" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1553441", "collectionId": "193944", "identifiedName": "? Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76092", "collectionReferenceId": "65862", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Crăguiş", "collection_aka": "Craguis, CR", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "west of the village of Crăguiș" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1553478", "collectionId": "219177", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76092", "collectionReferenceId": "65862", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fărcădeana Brook, Negoiu village (subunit B2)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from unnamed rock unit - Subunit B2 of Csiki-Sava et al. (2016) and estimated as middle to early late Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "left bank of Fărcădeana Brook, in Negoiu village" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1553673", "collectionId": "148950", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76122", "collectionReferenceId": "55400", "cc": "ES", "state": "Cataluña", "county": "Lleida", "formation": "Talarn", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tremp", "collection_name": "Moli del Baró-1", "collection_aka": "Molí del Baró-1, Molí de Baró", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper part of the ‘lower red unit’\r\nTalarn Formation; lower half of Chron C29r\r\nPreviously assigned to the Conques Formation, equivalent to the \"lower Red Garumen\" facies. The Conques Formation was previously assigned a late maastrichtian age (Sellés and Villa 2015; Villa et al. 2015) Biostratigraphy and Sr stable isotope geochemistry suggest that the La Posa and Conques Formation are entirely early Maastrichtian, lying within chron C31r (see Caus et al. 2016; Oms et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2016; Fondevilla et al. 2019).", "geogcomments": "3km E of Serrat del Rostiar 1 locality" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1570404", "collectionId": "13334", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "5971", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tuştea-Oltoane nesting site", "collection_aka": "Valioara; Tuştea Oltoane; Tuştea nesting site; Vălioara; Valiora; Tustea, Ultoane; Tu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "northern part of Hateg Basin, 4.5 km east of Valioara, Romania. In a vertical escarpment of Oltoane Hill (= Ultoane), Tustea Village, Hateg Basin, Hunedoara County" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1571176", "collectionId": "14569", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47906", "collectionReferenceId": "12299", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Henry Farm", "collection_aka": "Henry's Farm", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "collection from about 10 m of section\r\n\r\nEberth and Kamo, 2019: Combined with age data for the K-Pg boundary and a calibrated age-range for magnetochron 30n, our age for the Battle bentonite allows us to assess a maximum age of ~66.88 Ma for the base of the overlying Scollard Formation, and an age range of ~66.88–66.04 Ma for the K-ScF (the Cretaceous portion of the Scollard Formation).", "geogcomments": "3 km W of Content Bridge, SW of Nevis, Red Deer River Valley; LSD 8, Sec 5, T39, R22, W 4th meridian, land formerly belonging to Arnold Henry." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1573452", "collectionId": "34307", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "9017", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Onefour Car Park Site (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "CP, L1115", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a channel lag within the 8-16 m thick Lethbridge coal zone", "geogcomments": "near Onefour" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1578503", "collectionId": "222851", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78417", "collectionReferenceId": "14027", "cc": "US", "state": "Arkansas", "county": "Howard", "formation": "Holly Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Weyerhaeuser Briar Plant Quarry [Holly Creek]", "collection_aka": "ca. 18 km NNW Nashville, Briar Mining Site, CertainTeed Mining", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "In Arkansas, the Trinity Group consists of the Delight Sand/Pike Gravel, the Dierks Limestone, the Holly Creek Formation (which interfingers with the Ultima Thule Gravel), the De Queen Formation, and the Paluxy Formation (Vanderpool, 1928; Miser & Purdue, 1929; McFarland, 2004).\r\nThe upper part of the Holly Creek Formation, at least, is thought to be Albian in age. This is based on similarity of the oyster assemblage (Ostrea franklini) to that found in the overlying De Queen Formation (Miser & Purdue, 1929), suggesting an Albian age for the upper boundary of the Holly Creek Formation. Also, the presence of the foraminiferan Orbitolina texana in the Ferry Lake Anhydrite, a correlative unit to anhydrite beds of the lower De Queen Formation, and the presence of the ammonite Douvilleiceras sp. within the De Queen Formation units at the CertainTeed mine, support an Albian age (Loucks & Longman, 1982; Pittman, 1984, 1985).", "geogcomments": "In the 1980s, during the course of field investigations on the De Queen sauropod trackways (Pittman & Gillette, 1989), one of us (JGP) collected vertebrate remains and fossiliferous rock matrix from the upper part of the Holly Creek Formation, which cropped out in a drainage ditch excavated by the mining company (formerly Briar Mining Site, now CertainTeed Mining) in association with a reservoir to hold wastewater and mined residues." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1585977", "collectionId": "58208", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "25546", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SH-20, Khodzhakul", "collection_aka": "Khodja-Kull; SKh-20, CX-20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower/middle part of the formation. Upper Albian in Averianov (2001), but Early Cenomanian in more recent papers.", "geogcomments": "escarpment along NE shores of lake Khodja-Kul (Khodzhakul; now dried up), N of the Sultan-uis-dag, SW Kyzyl-Kum Desert, Karakalpakistan" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1585979", "collectionId": "64684", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "38131", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SSHD-8, Sheikhdzheili", "collection_aka": "SSHD-8 Sheikdzheili", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the formation - redeposited into late Paleocene beds", "geogcomments": "N end of Sheikhdzheili Range, SW Kyzylkum Desert, Karakalpakistan" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1585981", "collectionId": "46959", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "64195", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CDZh-17a, Dzharakuduk II, Kulbeke", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 26 m above base\r\n\r\nAlso described as Taykarshinskaya beds.", "geogcomments": "Dzhyrakuduk (Dzharakuduk), near Bukhara, central Kyzylkum Desert, Kulbeke spring" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1585983", "collectionId": "58166", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-5a, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, TsBI-5a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 67 m above the base of the formation, 10 m above CBI-14", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1585985", "collectionId": "58165", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-4, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk ", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 52 m above the base of the formation", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1585986", "collectionId": "58179", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "38128", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-4v, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, TsBI-4v", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dzharakuduk area" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1585987", "collectionId": "58173", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-5, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1585988", "collectionId": "58174", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-17, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx 57 m above the base of the formation", "geogcomments": "Dzarakuduk area" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1585989", "collectionId": "92328", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia asiatica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46400", "collectionReferenceId": "23827", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Xorazm", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zenge Kurgan 3, ZK-3", "collection_aka": "Zenge Kurgan III, Zengekurgon", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "questionable formation assignment", "geogcomments": "Right bank of the Amu Darya River between the villages of Bezergen and Kulatau, SW Kyzylkum Desert" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1588357", "collectionId": "28406", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia ", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80599", "collectionReferenceId": "55315", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Vitoria", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L1A", "collection_aka": "Laño Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in a sector of the south limb of the Miranda-Trevino syncline, level is also called L1A\r\nlower pat of subchron C32n\r\nAlso assigned to Sedano Fm. or its equivalent", "geogcomments": "approx 1 km. west of Laño, Spain, a disused sand quarry, Treviño, Burgos.\n\nThe Laño quarry is located between the villages of Laño and Albaina in the Condado de Treviño, an enclave of the province of Burgos that lies within Alava in the Basque Country, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1588358", "collectionId": "28406", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia ", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80599", "collectionReferenceId": "55315", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Vitoria", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L1A", "collection_aka": "Laño Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in a sector of the south limb of the Miranda-Trevino syncline, level is also called L1A\r\nlower pat of subchron C32n\r\nAlso assigned to Sedano Fm. or its equivalent", "geogcomments": "approx 1 km. west of Laño, Spain, a disused sand quarry, Treviño, Burgos.\n\nThe Laño quarry is located between the villages of Laño and Albaina in the Condado de Treviño, an enclave of the province of Burgos that lies within Alava in the Basque Country, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1588436", "collectionId": "193942", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80606", "collectionReferenceId": "80606", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "New Vălioara-Fântânele 2 (VF2)", "collection_aka": "Valioara-Fantanele 2; Valiora", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "near village of Valioara, left slope of Fântânele Creek, near original VF2 site" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1588486", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1604262", "collectionId": "167302", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82313", "collectionReferenceId": "54582", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Rio Blanco", "formation": "Williams Fork", "member": "", "geological_group": "Mesaverde", "collection_name": "J&M Site, south of Rangely", "collection_aka": "MWC locality number L-2012-13", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower part of the middle third of the Williams Fork Formation of the “Mesaverde Group” (Campanian), base of what is possibly “Sandstone C” of Noll (1988); updated in Brand et al. 2022 based on new sections to base of Sandstone C, unit 6", "geogcomments": "J&M Site, MWC locality number L-2012-13, south of Rangely, Rio Blanco County, Colorado" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1606481", "collectionId": "59114", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82620", "collectionReferenceId": "16845", "cc": "MX", "state": "Coahuila", "county": "", "formation": "Cerro del Pueblo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Difunta", "collection_name": "El Pantano (SEPCP-47)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near El Pantano, southern Coahuila" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1606604", "collectionId": "197021", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82620", "collectionReferenceId": "82635", "cc": "MX", "state": "Baja California", "county": "", "formation": "El Gallo", "member": "El Disecado", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RoS 51, El Rosario", "collection_aka": "ROS51", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "fossils from layer 11", "geogcomments": "Ros 51 locality, on part of a hill, El Rosario area, SW of Rosario Arriba,and N of the Playa La Bocana and Arroyo el Rosario" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1606605", "collectionId": "197021", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82620", "collectionReferenceId": "82635", "cc": "MX", "state": "Baja California", "county": "", "formation": "El Gallo", "member": "El Disecado", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RoS 51, El Rosario", "collection_aka": "ROS51", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "fossils from layer 11", "geogcomments": "Ros 51 locality, on part of a hill, El Rosario area, SW of Rosario Arriba,and N of the Playa La Bocana and Arroyo el Rosario" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1618886", "collectionId": "229031", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33940", "collectionReferenceId": "17739", "cc": "RU", "state": "Buryat", "county": "Selenginsky", "formation": "Murtoi", "member": "Mogoito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MRT-102, Mogoito", "collection_aka": "Gusinoye Lake; Lake Gusinoe; Ovrag Skoblo, Skoblo Gully", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Late Barremian to 'middle' Aptian. Shown as within the \"lower (dinosaur\" layer, below the \"Turginsk Gorizont\" in Martinson 1961.", "geogcomments": "microvertebrate site MRT-102 in Gully of Skoblo (Ovrag Skoblo) on W coast of Gusinoye (Gusinoe) Lake, Mogoito, Buryatia, Transbaikalia, Russia; about 110 km SW of Ulan-Ude; several sites over about 1 sq km" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1620161", "collectionId": "14518", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "23604", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "BUNM-77-675 (NMMNH L-929)", "collection_aka": "Alamo Wash (in part), Rick's Site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T24N, R11W, sec 18, NE 1/4, NW 1/4; about 1.5 km SW of Ojo Alamo, = Rick's Site" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1620164", "collectionId": "229119", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "50790", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-4062 [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "UNM V-072", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1620774", "collectionId": "14376", "identifiedName": "aff. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66681", "collectionReferenceId": "83879", "cc": "US", "state": "Maryland", "county": "Prince George's", "formation": "Arundel Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Potomac", "collection_name": "Cherokee-Sanford Brick Clay Pit (USNM Loc. 41614, 41615)", "collection_aka": "Hotton locality; Dinosaur Park, M-NCPPC, Washington Brick Company; Muirkirk", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Palynology of the Potomac Group suggests a late Aptian age for the Arundel facies (Brenner, 1963; Doyle and Robbins, 1977; Hochuli et al., 2006; Doyle, 2012)\r\nArundel Clay facies of the Patuxent Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous).", "geogcomments": "\"east of US route 1 and south of Contee Road, Muirkirk\"; \"on south side of B & O tracks in Muirkirk.\"\r\nStation 16 in Brenner (1963).\r\nUSNM locality 41614 (39°04'14\"N 76°52'08\"W), open-pit clay mine near Muirkirk, near the O'Brien and Hooff ore banks in Singewald (1911). Later the Washington Brick Company brick pit, then the Cherokee-Sanford Brick Clay Pit, presently Dinosaur Park (M-NCPPC)i" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1625415", "collectionId": "230005", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "50790", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Hunter Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-4256 [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "1625426", "collectionId": "230010", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50790", "collectionReferenceId": "50790", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-5219", "collection_aka": "AW 02-01", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"4.4 m below the base of Ojo Alamo ss.\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "2046286", "collectionId": "14413", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93680", "collectionReferenceId": "1411", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Washington", "formation": "Iron Springs", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MNA Locality 1230, Pinto Flats", "collection_aka": "UMNH VP Locality 12", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Iron Springs Formation. Santonian or early Campanian.", "geogcomments": "north end of the Pine Valley Mountains, east of Pinto" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "2046297", "collectionId": "276374", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93680", "collectionReferenceId": "93680", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "", "formation": "Iron Springs", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UMNH VP Locality 119, Little Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "In the upper Iron Springs Formation. Santonian or early Campanian", "geogcomments": "A blind wash locality" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "2054977", "collectionId": "277550", "identifiedName": "cf. Richardoestesia sp.", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94047", "collectionReferenceId": "94047", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Rio Blanco County", "formation": "Williams Fork", "member": "", "geological_group": "Mesaverde", "collection_name": "ReBecca's Hollow (UFHNH locality SCP 2019-2)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "ReBecca's Hollow, in badlands on Bureau of Land Management land, S of Rangely" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "2056661", "collectionId": "277779", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "94184", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-3)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-3, MR-03", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "2056666", "collectionId": "14423", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "1508", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-4)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-4, MR-04", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "2056667", "collectionId": "14423", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "1508", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "Deadhorse Coulee", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-4)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-4, MR-04", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "2056670", "collectionId": "14424", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "1510", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-5)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-5, MR-05", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "2056671", "collectionId": "14424", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia isosceles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "1510", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Milk River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-5)", "collection_aka": "UALVP MR-5, MR-05", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "29 km E of Milk River" }, { "genusId": "58873", "genus": "Richardoestesia", "occurrenceId": "2056677", "collectionId": "14425", "identifiedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "acceptedName": "Richardoestesia gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94184", "collectionReferenceId": "1514", "cc": 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38649", "name": "Riojasaurus", "displayName": "Riojasaurus", "attribution": "Bonaparte 1969", "rawAttribution": "Bonaparte 1969", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38649", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Riojasauridae", "Riojasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "181612", "38649" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Genus included in published craniodental comparisons; broad plant dependence is supported.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Riojasauridae › Riojasaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D2", "title": "Skull remains of the dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil): With comments on the early evolution of sauropodomorph feeding behaviour", "authors": "Bronzati, Müller and Langer", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; cranial description and feeding discussion read", "dietSupport": "Saturnalia retained predatory capability. Early sauropodomorph diets varied; Bagualosaurus shows an earlier shift towards greater plant consumption. Provides craniodental comparisons of multiple later plant-adapted genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn459view0", "turn465view3" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38649", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Riojasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38649" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38649", "genus": "Riojasaurus", "occurrenceId": "513603", "collectionId": "52032", "identifiedName": "Riojasaurus incertus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Riojasaurus incertus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13920", "collectionReferenceId": "13920", "cc": "AR", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "General Lavalle", "formation": "Los Colorados", "member": "", "geological_group": "Agua de la Peña", "collection_name": "ruta 26, Los Colorados", "collection_aka": "La Esquina", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "highest levels of formation; formation is considered to be latest Triassic in age", "geogcomments": "between km 126 and 142 on ruta provincial 26 between Villa Uníon and Patquía, S of Cerro Rajado. 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The paper supplies placement, not direct feeding evidence; carnivory is an explicit relative-based inference.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view2", "turn465view4" ] }, { "id": "D9", "title": "Gnathovorax cabreirai: a new early dinosaur and the origin and initial radiation of predatory dinosaurs", "authors": "Pacheco et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7963", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6844243/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental morphology and predatory discussion read", "dietSupport": "Blade-like, recurved, compressed serrated crowns and comparative anatomy support predatory feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view1", "turn587view2" ] }, { "id": "D10", "title": "The osteology of the early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early dinosaurs", "authors": "Nesbitt and Sues", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa080", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/1/150/5879911", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; feeding discussion read; online publication 2020, volume 2021", "dietSupport": "Carnivory inferred from unusual procumbent dentition. 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Ischigualasto Provincial Park, Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Herrerasauridae", "Sanjuansaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Herrerasauridae", "genus:172072" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "candidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65643", "name": "Sanpasaurus", "displayName": "Sanpasaurus", "attribution": "Young 1944", "rawAttribution": "Young 1944", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65643", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Sanpasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "65643" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65643", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sanpasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65643" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65643", "genus": "Sanpasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1108351", "collectionId": "140254", "identifiedName": "Sanpasaurus yaoi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sanpasaurus yaoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45328", "collectionReferenceId": "45328", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Weiyuan", "formation": "Ziliujing", "member": "Maanshan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Locality 1, Changshanling, Potzewan", "collection_aka": "Buziwan, Weiyuan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Locality 1, Changshanling, Potzewan (= Buziwan), ca. 4 km NW of Weiyuan city" }, { "genusId": "65643", "genus": "Sanpasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1108354", "collectionId": "140255", "identifiedName": "Sanpasaurus yaoi", "acceptedName": "Sanpasaurus yaoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45328", "collectionReferenceId": "45328", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Weiyuan", "formation": "Ziliujing", "member": "Maanshan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Locality 2, Changshanling, Potzewan", "collection_aka": "Buziwan, Weiyuan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Locality 2, Changshanling, Potzewan (= Buziwan), ca. 4 km NW of Weiyuan city. Very lose to Locality 1" }, { "genusId": "65643", "genus": "Sanpasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1108355", "collectionId": "140256", "identifiedName": "Sanpasaurus yaoi", "acceptedName": "Sanpasaurus yaoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "45328", "collectionReferenceId": "45328", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Weiyuan", "formation": "Ziliujing", "member": "Maanshan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Locality 3, Changshanling, Potzewan", "collection_aka": "Buziwan, Weiyuan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Locality 3, Changshanling, Potzewan (= Buziwan), ca. 4 km NW of Weiyuan city; In the vicinity of Locality 1." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Sanpasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "genus:65643" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "candidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "53939", "name": "Santanaraptor", "displayName": "Santanaraptor", "attribution": "Kellner 1999", "rawAttribution": "Kellner 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53939", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Santanaraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "53939" ], "diet": { "values": [], "status": "unresolved", "rationale": "Latest weighted/unweighted placements disagree; preferred basal maniraptoromorph bracket supplies no direct diet.", "references": [ { "id": "DE11", "title": "The coelurosaur theropods of the Romualdo formation, early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Brazil: Santanaraptor placidus meets Mirischia asymmetrica", "authors": "Delcourt et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/ar.70085", "url": "https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.70085", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Publisher full text; abstract and phylogenetic discussion read; first online 18 November 2025, volume 2026", "dietSupport": "Preferred weighting groups these genera with Tanycolagreus and Juratyrant near the base of Maniraptoromorpha. Equal weights instead places Mirischia in Ornithomimosauria and Santanaraptor in Megaraptora; the authors question the latter placements. No dietary evidence supplied.", "webRefs": [ "turn647view0", "turn667view1" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "unresolved", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53939", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Santanaraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53939" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "53939", "genus": "Santanaraptor", "occurrenceId": "968544", "collectionId": "67712", "identifiedName": "Santanaraptor placidus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Santanaraptor placidus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8715", "collectionReferenceId": "6053", "cc": "BR", "state": "Ceará", "county": "", "formation": "Romualdo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Santana", "collection_name": "Santana do Cariri (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "Santana Formation suggested to be early Albian in age by Heimhofer & Hochuli (2010) on the basis of palynomorphs\r\nFrom Melo et al. 2020: In summary, this integrated study of foraminifera, ostracodes and other microfossil data from the Romualdo Formation indicates that the local Alagoas Stage (Ostracoda Zone RT-011) can now be constrained to the Aptian. Arai and Assine 2020 also support that the Romualdo Formation and Santana Group is entirely Aptian in age.", "geogcomments": "\"Near Santana do Cariri, Ceara State\"; exact site(s) not recorded (mostly private collectors), but all materials believed to come from outcrops close to this city" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "diet", "reason": "No defensible diet clue is currently supported." } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Santanaraptor" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "genus:53939" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "424322", "name": "Sanxiasaurus", "displayName": "Sanxiasaurus", "attribution": "Hu Dai et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Hu Dai et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=424322", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Sanxiasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "424322" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=424322", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sanxiasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=424322" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "424322", "genus": "Sanxiasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1519617", "collectionId": "212359", "identifiedName": "Sanxiasaurus modaoxiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sanxiasaurus modaoxiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73369", "collectionReferenceId": "73369", "cc": "CN", "state": "Chongqing", "county": "Yunyang", "formation": "Xintiangou", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laojun Village", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "Middle Jurassic Xintiangou Formation, Puan, Yunyang of Chongqing Municipality. According to Classopollis-Cyathidites-Callialasporites sporopollen assem- blage and Euestheria characteristics, the Xintiangou Formation is regarded as the early Middle Jurassic (Wang et al. 2010). Recently, our preliminary U-Pb dating suggests the Xintiangou Formation ranges between 180 and 170 Ma, corresponding to the Aalenian-Toarcian age (Middle Jurassic to Early Jurassic). The fossils in this report were recovered from upper of the formation. - Hu Dei et al. (2020)", "geogcomments": "Laojun Village, Puan Township, Yunyang County, Chongqing Municipality, People’s Republic of China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Sanxiasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "genus:424322" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "474946", "519526", "424322", "53226", "52891" ], "candidateIds": [ "424322" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "xintiangou" ], "label": "Xintiangou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1519617", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sanxiasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agilisaurus", "Hexinlusaurus", "Minimocursor", "Pulaosaurus", "Xiaosaurus", "Yandusaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sanxiasaurus": [ "1519617" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "424322" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "171910", "name": "Sarahsaurus", "displayName": "Sarahsaurus", "attribution": "Rowe et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Rowe et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=171910", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Sarahsaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "56621", "171910" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Massospondylidae › Sarahsaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Infer predominantly plant-based feeding from close relatives; do not claim observed meals or exclude occasional animal consumption.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=171910", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sarahsaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=171910" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "171910", "genus": "Sarahsaurus", "occurrenceId": "466196", "collectionId": "46212", "identifiedName": "Sarahsaurus aurifontanalis", "acceptedName": "Sarahsaurus aurifontanalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34012", "collectionReferenceId": "12177", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Rock Head Massospondylus locality (MCZ 77AR/5)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Collected in the Kayenta Formation near the base of Rock Head (Rock Head Quadrangle, U.S.G.S. 7.5' series), on land of the Navajo Nation, northeastern Arizona." }, { "genusId": "171910", "genus": "Sarahsaurus", "occurrenceId": "890993", "collectionId": "98597", "identifiedName": "Sarahsaurus aurifontanalis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sarahsaurus aurifontanalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34012", "collectionReferenceId": "34012", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Dilophosaurus Quarry (TMM 43646)", "collection_aka": "Type Sarahsaurus Quarry, Gold Spring Wash", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle third of the \"Silty Facies\"", "geogcomments": "Northern edge of Gold Springs Wash drainage basin; coordinates based on existing PBDB collection 51894 (Gold Springs)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Massospondylidae", "Sarahsaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Massospondylidae", "genus:171910" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "146361", "242728", "171910" ], "candidateIds": [ "146361", "242728", "171910" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "437525", "name": "Saraikimasoom", "displayName": "Saraikimasoom", "attribution": "Malkani 2014", "rawAttribution": "Malkani 2014", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=437525", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Gspsauridae", "Saraikimasoominae", "Saraikimasoom" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "437580", "437531", "437533", "437525" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=437525", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Saraikimasoom", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=437525" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "437525", "genus": "Saraikimasoom", "occurrenceId": "1559944", "collectionId": "79428", "identifiedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76850", "collectionReferenceId": "26327", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-4 (southern sites)", "collection_aka": "PDL-4, Vitakri, South Kinwa, DL-4s", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "W and NW of Kinwa hot gas springs, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. southernmost three sites. 10 m south from small peak which is about 50 meters west to Kinwa spring." }, { "genusId": "437525", "genus": "Saraikimasoom", "occurrenceId": "1560007", "collectionId": "220156", "identifiedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "acceptedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76859", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-4n (northern)", "collection_aka": "PDL-4n, Vitakri, North Kinwa", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "northern site, west of main Kinwa stream at the junction of way to Bor stream, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "437525", "genus": "Saraikimasoom", "occurrenceId": "1560008", "collectionId": "220155", "identifiedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "acceptedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76859", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-4m", "collection_aka": "PDL-4m, Vitakri, Mid Kinwa", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "near the north of junction of previously described branch stream with main Kinwa stream, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "437525", "genus": "Saraikimasoom", "occurrenceId": "1560010", "collectionId": "79665", "identifiedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "acceptedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76859", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Mari Bohri, DL-15 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-15", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "just W of village of Mari Bohri, 15 km W of Vitakri, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan, from E plunge of Mari Bohri-Mawand anticlinorium. Five main subsites." }, { "genusId": "437525", "genus": "Saraikimasoom", "occurrenceId": "1560011", "collectionId": "79427", "identifiedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "acceptedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76859", "collectionReferenceId": "26327", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Nala Basti, DL-7 (Zubra Gambrak)", "collection_aka": "PDL-7, Basti Nala, Zubra Gumbrak, Zubra Peak 7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Nala Basti (Zubra) = Basti Nala (Zubra) Gumbrak, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Sites on peak and southern limb." }, { "genusId": "437525", "genus": "Saraikimasoom", "occurrenceId": "1560012", "collectionId": "79664", "identifiedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "acceptedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76859", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkham", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Bor Kali Kakor, DL-2 (central)", "collection_aka": "PDL-2, Vitakri, Mid Bor", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... upper Pab Formation, just below or on the boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene).\"", "geogcomments": "central site, S of Bor Kali Kakor stream near Vitakri village, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "437525", "genus": "Saraikimasoom", "occurrenceId": "1560013", "collectionId": "79668", "identifiedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "acceptedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76859", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Darwaza-Gumbrak, DL-8 (Nahar Kot)", "collection_aka": "Nala, PDL-8, Darwaza Gambrak", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Darwaza-Gumbrak (= Darwaza Gambrak) locality (Nala locality), Nahar Kot area, Central Sulaiman Range (Dhaola), Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "437525", "genus": "Saraikimasoom", "occurrenceId": "1560014", "collectionId": "53153", "identifiedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "acceptedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76859", "collectionReferenceId": "26721", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Shalghara Kali Kakor, DL-3 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shalghara Kali Kakor locality, in the Dhaola range, near the village of Vitakri in eastern Balochistan Province, Pakistan. Coordinates are for Vitakri village." }, { "genusId": "437525", "genus": "Saraikimasoom", "occurrenceId": "1560016", "collectionId": "79429", "identifiedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "acceptedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76859", "collectionReferenceId": "26327", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Top Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-16 (eastern)", "collection_aka": "PDL-16, Vitakri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Top Kinwa – along upper part of Kinwa stream, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Two eastern sites, in the top reaches on the east." }, { "genusId": "437525", "genus": "Saraikimasoom", "occurrenceId": "1560249", "collectionId": "79670", "identifiedName": "? Saraikimasoom vitakri", "acceptedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76865", "collectionReferenceId": "26768", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Khuzdar", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Karkh", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Karkh area, 90 km E of Khuzdar, in stream just E of Karkh town, Central Kirthar Range" }, { "genusId": "437525", "genus": "Saraikimasoom", "occurrenceId": "1560251", "collectionId": "79669", "identifiedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "acceptedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76865", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Grut-Gumbrak, DL-9 (Nahar Kot)", "collection_aka": "PDL-9, Grut Gambrak, Grut 9", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Grut-Gumbrak (= Grut Gambrak), Nahar Kot area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "437525", "genus": "Saraikimasoom", "occurrenceId": "1560252", "collectionId": "220141", "identifiedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "acceptedName": "Saraikimasoom vitakri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76865", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Dada Pahi Kali Kakor, DL-17 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-17", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Dada Pahi Kali Kakor, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Later papers supply diagnoses, designated types and locality statements; old conference-name dates alone do not justify a nomen nudum cut. Independent diagnosability and specimen associations remain insufficiently verified for hidden answers.", "references": [ { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Formal Description of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Biotas Found from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.net/journal/paperinformation?paperid=112161", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.119023", "access": "Primary full text/PDF read; newly formalized Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Nicksaurus and Maojandino with diagnoses and designated material.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Jurassic-Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene transitions and Mesozoic vertebrates from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2021080414130257.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.118016", "access": "Primary paper indexed description accessed; full August diagnoses not independently read in this bounded sweep.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2023, "title": "Geology and Mineral Deposits of Saraikistan (South Punjab, Koh Sulaiman Range) of Pakistan: A Tabular Review of Recently Discovered Biotas from Pakistan and Paleobiogeographic Link: Phylogeny and Hypodigm of Poripuchian Titanosaurs from Indo-Pakistan", "url": "https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2023083015073764.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2023.138040", "access": "Primary PDF read at nomenclatural tables and systematic discussion; distinguishes informal and later formal descriptions.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Hans-Volker Karl, Amtyaz Safi and Gottfried Tichy", "year": 2025, "title": "A review of the fossil records of dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous from present-day Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scientific-reports.com/index.php/srls/article/download/191/181/713", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.16895340", "access": "Primary review full PDF read. Repeats taxa and source dates, but does not independently rediagnose overlapping Pakistani types.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ] } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Gspsauridae", "Saraikimasoominae", "Saraikimasoom" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Poripuchia", "clade:Gspsauridae", "clade:Saraikimasoominae", "genus:437525" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "38829", "name": "Sarcolestes", "displayName": "Sarcolestes", "attribution": "Lydekker 1893", "rawAttribution": "Lydekker 1893", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38829", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Sarcolestes" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "38829" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38829", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sarcolestes", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38829" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38829", "genus": "Sarcolestes", "occurrenceId": "478016", "collectionId": "47362", "identifiedName": "Sarcolestes leedsi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sarcolestes leedsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14154", "collectionReferenceId": "14154", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Cambridgeshire", "formation": "Oxford Clay", "member": "Peterborough", "geological_group": "Ancholme", "collection_name": "Fletton brick pit, Peterborough", "collection_aka": "Leeds", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "probably Kosmoceras jasoni Zone, though bone-bearing bed includes both this zone and the Erymnoceras coronatum zone. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68123", "name": "Saturnalia", "displayName": "Saturnalia", "attribution": "Langer et al. 1999", "rawAttribution": "Langer et al. 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68123", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Saturnaliidae", "Saturnalia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "66746", "68123" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Quantitative methods disagree between carnivory and omnivory; certain herbivory is unsupported.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Saturnaliidae › Saturnalia; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D2", "title": "Skull remains of the dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil): With comments on the early evolution of sauropodomorph feeding behaviour", "authors": "Bronzati, Müller and Langer", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; cranial description and feeding discussion read", "dietSupport": "Saturnalia retained predatory capability. Early sauropodomorph diets varied; Bagualosaurus shows an earlier shift towards greater plant consumption. Provides craniodental comparisons of multiple later plant-adapted genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn459view0", "turn465view3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Animal-based or mixed", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68123", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Saturnalia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68123" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68123", "genus": "Saturnalia", "occurrenceId": "261854", "collectionId": "25307", "identifiedName": "Saturnalia tupiniquim n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Saturnalia tupiniquim", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7097", "collectionReferenceId": "7097", "cc": "BR", "state": "Rio Grande do Sul", "county": "", "formation": "Santa Maria", "member": "Alemoa", "geological_group": "Rosário do Sul", "collection_name": "Wald-Sanga, Huene Loc. 1 (7.5m)", "collection_aka": "Saturnalia holotype site, Waldsanga, Sanga do Mato", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Locality is from the Santa Maria Sequence 2, Santa Maria Supersequence of the Rosario do Sul Group, corresponding to the Alemoa Member of the Santa Maria Formation, or so-called \"Hyperodapedon Acme Zone\" of late Carnian-early Norian age (see Langer et al. 2007).", "geogcomments": "private piece of land no. 1945, on road RS 509, on the eastern outskirts of the city of Santa Maria, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Presumably the same as the \"Wald Sanga\" site from which Huene collected the types of Gomphodontosuchus brasiliensis and Hoplitosuchus raui (although perhaps at different levels)" }, { "genusId": "68123", "genus": "Saturnalia", "occurrenceId": "484409", "collectionId": "48460", "identifiedName": "cf. Saturnalia sp.", "acceptedName": "Saturnalia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7097", "collectionReferenceId": "32306", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Mashonaland Central", "county": "", "formation": "Pebbly Arkose", "member": "", "geological_group": "Karoo", "collection_name": "Z 53/3, Cabora Bassa Basin", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "considered equivalent to the Molteno Formation of South Africa and of \"Ischigualastian\" age; Carnian", "geogcomments": "Dande Communal Lands, Cabora Bassa Basin; main rhynchosaur locality, grass-covered hilly area, ten individual bone concentrations found within a 200m square area. " }, { "genusId": "68123", "genus": "Saturnalia", "occurrenceId": "539478", "collectionId": "56188", "identifiedName": "Saturnalia tupiniquim", "acceptedName": "Saturnalia tupiniquim", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15151", "collectionReferenceId": "7097", "cc": "BR", "state": "Rio Grande do Sul", "county": "", "formation": "Santa Maria", "member": "Alemoa", "geological_group": "Rosário do Sul", "collection_name": "Wald Sanga, Huene Loc. 1 (5m)", "collection_aka": "Saturnalia holotype site, Waldsanga, Sanga do Mato", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Locality is from the Santa Maria Sequence 2, Santa Maria Supersequence of the Rosario do Sul Group, corresponding to the Alemoa Member of the Santa Maria Formation, or so-called \"Rhynchosaur Cenozone\" or \"Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone\"(see Langer et al. 2007). The Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone has generally considered been late Carnian in age, but could extend into the early Norian.", "geogcomments": "private piece of land no. 1945, on road BR-509, on the outskirts of the city of Santa Maria, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. \r\nCoordinates given by Montefeltro et al. (2010)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Saturnaliidae", "Saturnalia" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Saturnaliidae", "genus:68123" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "candidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38768", "name": "Saurolophus", "displayName": "Saurolophus", "attribution": "Brown 1912", "rawAttribution": "Brown 1912", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38768", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Saurolophini", "Saurolophus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "320934", "38768" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38768", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Saurolophus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38768" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "387401", "collectionId": "37020", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9899", "collectionReferenceId": "9899", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV, general [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula IV - no specifics given, 50 km W of Nemegt, Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "464501", "collectionId": "45860", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32195", "collectionReferenceId": "18651", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Sweetwater", "formation": "Almond", "member": "", "geological_group": "Mesaverde", "collection_name": "Cedar Canyon, AMNH Loc. 6753", "collection_aka": "AMNH Sinclair Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "located 46-61m above Erickson Sandstone - lower half of formation; therefore between Baculties reesidei and B. eliasi zones, ca. 72.46 Ma", "geogcomments": "T22N, R104W, sec 24, NW 1/4 of SW 1/4; S side of Cedar Canyon, 20 mi N of Rock Springs" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "487147", "collectionId": "48838", "identifiedName": "? Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "18055", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "4 miles west of Kimbetoh (USNM)", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 46", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "380 ft above base of formation", "geogcomments": "sec 34, T23N, R10W, 4 miles W of Kimbetoh" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "520879", "collectionId": "53227", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24890", "collectionReferenceId": "24890", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "foot of Nemegtu Mountain [SMPE] (PIN coll. 551)", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Nemegtu", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "at foot of Nemegtu Mtn." }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "534086", "collectionId": "55257", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42291", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav I [HMNS-GIN/KID]", "collection_aka": "Bugin-tsav, northern outcrops of Bugin Tsav; Bügiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern area of Bugin Tsav; N: 43-51-5909; E: 100-00-3976; A: 982m\r\nBugin-tsav, southern Gobi Desert" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "604775", "collectionId": "64430", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus osborni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus osborni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18614", "collectionReferenceId": "54104", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Saurolophus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "500 feet below top of beds", "geogcomments": "Red Deer River, Tolman Ferry" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "710081", "collectionId": "76062", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25756", "collectionReferenceId": "25756", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Danek Bonebed (TMP L2379)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Danek Bonebed, in south-suburban Edmonton, along the banks of Whitemud Creek (according to news reports)" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "899630", "collectionId": "100268", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34415", "collectionReferenceId": "55060", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav II tracksite [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bugin Tsav" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "899639", "collectionId": "100273", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34415", "collectionReferenceId": "42293", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gurilin Tsav tracksite [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Gurlin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "> 5 horizons with footprints", "geogcomments": "Gurilin Tsav, Nemegt Basin" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1058791", "collectionId": "127670", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80572", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gurilin Tsav [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Gurlin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-51-0914; E: 100-08-2508; A: 1033m\r\nGurilin Tsav, Nemegt Basin. Eggs found in SE area of the locality, at the end of the \"peninsula-like cliff\"" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1171643", "collectionId": "52469", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "7 miles below Tolman Ferry (40 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Edmonton B\"", "geogcomments": "section 18?, T32, R21, W 4th meridian; approx. 12 m (40 ft) above W bank of Red Deer River, 7 mi below Tolman Ferry" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1171644", "collectionId": "150979", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus osborni", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus osborni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77258", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "16 miles below Tolman Ferry (50 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River, AMNH", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "16 mi below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, 50 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1171647", "collectionId": "51966", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "58800", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "3.5 miles below Tolman Ferry (100 ft level)", "collection_aka": "AMNH", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "approx. 3.5 mi below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, R bank, 100 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1267019", "collectionId": "127681", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80572", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Khushu [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tsagan Khusku, Tsagan Usu, Tsagan Hushu", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-28-5811; E: 100-21-3479; A: 1334m. Mostly the northern area of the Tsagan Khushu badlands." }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1267120", "collectionId": "127682", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55060", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ulaan Khushu [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Ulan Hushu, Ulan Khushu", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ulan Khushu; N: 43-29-01.6; E: 100-27-41.7; A: 1253 m.\r\nLocated 2.9 km NE of Naran Bulak spring. Fossiliferous beds are in a cliff mainly facing E and N." }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1269347", "collectionId": "168810", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80572", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Central Sayr [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-30-0581; E: 101-02-5971; A: 1521m. Central Sayr area of Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1272887", "collectionId": "100266", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42293", "collectionReferenceId": "42293", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav tracksite [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bugin Tsav" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1273724", "collectionId": "127674", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80572", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-35-50.04; E: 100-27-28.03; A: 1555 m" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1273727", "collectionId": "127671", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80572", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula II [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "mostly from \"upper part\" of the section", "geogcomments": "N: 43-35-53.2; E: 100-30-14.3; A: 1573 m" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1333019", "collectionId": "179625", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59136", "collectionReferenceId": "59136", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermin Tsav, Upper White Beds (PIN coll. 3142) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Khermeen Tsav, Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "From the Upper White Beds (Nemegt Formation)", "geogcomments": "Khermeen Tsav (no discrimination between sites I and II" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1338413", "collectionId": "180702", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10453", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Northern Sayr, site 28 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of \"Upper beds\" (= Nemegt Fm.), about 5 m above Passage Series", "geogcomments": "Northern Sayr, Nemegt locality" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1338414", "collectionId": "180703", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10453", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Northern Sayr, site 27 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem027", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of Nemegt Formation (Upper Nemegt beds)", "geogcomments": "Northern Sayr, Nemegt locality" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1449333", "collectionId": "65335", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "69309", "collectionReferenceId": "27284", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gooreeliyn-Tsav [SMPE/SMGE[", "collection_aka": "Gurilyn Tsav, Gurlin Tsav, Gooriliyn-Tsav, Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Gurilin Tsav", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1564998", "collectionId": "220943", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirstris", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77258", "collectionReferenceId": "67904", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Tomb, Altan Ula II [SMPE/KID]", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S flank of Altan Ula II, W of Nemegt, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1569874", "collectionId": "180786", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus angustirostris", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77731", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Hushu, general [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Tsagan Ula, Tsagan Khushu", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Tsagan Ula (= Hushu/Ushu/Khusku), Omnogov - includes discoveries not mapped to other listed sites." }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1604206", "collectionId": "168809", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82301", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Western Sayr [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-30-0581; E: 101-02-5971; A: 1521m. Western Sayr area of Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "1635350", "collectionId": "180710", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59835", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Western Sayr, site 30 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Nem030", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation (= Upper Nemegt beds here)", "geogcomments": "Western Sayr, Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "2048057", "collectionId": "191366", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "10 miles below Tolman Ferry (20 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Red Deer River, approx. 10 mi below Tolman Ferry, 20 ft above river." }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "2048058", "collectionId": "191367", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "5 miles below Tolman Ferry (50 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "about 5 mi below Tolman Bridge, 50 ft. above river" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "2048063", "collectionId": "276659", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus osborni", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus osborni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "0.5 miles below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "right (E) bank of Red Deer River, 0.5 mi. below Tolman Ferry" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "2048065", "collectionId": "276661", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "3 miles below Tolman Ferry (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Edmonton Formation\" now a group; modern formational equivalent for this bed not known", "geogcomments": "3 miles below Tolman Ferry, left-hand side of Red Deer River, Alberta. From 150 feet above river." }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "2048066", "collectionId": "276662", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "3.5 miles below Tolman Ferry (150 ft level)", "collection_aka": "AMNH", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "approx. 3.5 mi below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, R bank, 150 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "2048067", "collectionId": "276663", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "3.5 miles below Tolman Ferry (30 ft level)", "collection_aka": "AMNH", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "approx. 3.5 mi below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, R bank, 30 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "2048068", "collectionId": "276664", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "11 miles below Tolman Ferry (20 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "left bank, Red Deer River, 20 feet above water level, 11 miles below Tolman Ferry" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "2048274", "collectionId": "276693", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "left bank, mouth of Sand Creek (40 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "L bank, near mouth of Sand Creek, 12 mi. below Steveville, 40 ft above river, near Red Deer River, Little Sandhill Creek basin" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "2056760", "collectionId": "229067", "identifiedName": "? Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "83806", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav tracksite (KID)", "collection_aka": "FS045, Gall035, Bügiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "tracksite adjacent to abandoned illegally excavated quarry" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "2056802", "collectionId": "277797", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "92756", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gurilin Tsav [KID]", "collection_aka": "Gurlin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Gurilin Tsav, Nemegt Basin" }, { "genusId": "38768", "genus": "Saurolophus", "occurrenceId": "2056814", "collectionId": "277800", "identifiedName": "Saurolophus sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurolophus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "92756", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav [KID]", "collection_aka": "Bugin-tsav; Bügiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bugin Tsav" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Saurolophini", "Saurolophus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "hadrosaur-saurolophine-working-model", "rationale": "Reconcile imported traditional crestless-hadrosaur branches with the chosen basal-Hadrosaurus topology; preserve all finer descendants and apply the Hadrosaurus genus override last. This is a topology choice, not a synonym assertion.", "references": [ { "id": "addendum-madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary article indexed full-text extracts of the Hadrosaurinae, Saurolophinae and Brachylophosaurini entries; direct PMC open CAPTCHA and PeerJ open 403.", "finding": "Hadrosaurinae has Hadrosaurus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier. Saurolophinae has Saurolophus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier, with an additional exclusion condition for Hadrosaurus. These names are topology-dependent alternatives for the Saurolophus branch; they are not unconditional synonyms. Brachylophosaurini explicitly excludes Hadrosaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn656search0", "turn659search0" ] }, { "id": "addendum-ma2026", "title": "First Report of a Hollow Cranial Crest in an Early-Diverging Duck-Billed Dinosaur, with Implications for Convergent Evolution of Acoustic Signaling", "doi": "10.3390/biology15080615", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/15/8/615", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-04-13", "access": "Primary publisher indexed full-text section 5; direct open 429.", "finding": "Updated hadrosauroid analysis recovers Hadrosaurus as the earliest-diverging hadrosaurid, separate from Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae. This supplies a recent primary precedent for the chosen basal placement.", "webRefs": [ "turn670search0" ] } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Saurolophinae", "clade:Saurolophini", "genus:38768" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "351776", "38767", "38768" ], "candidateIds": [ "351776", "38767", "38768" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38827", "name": "Sauropelta", "displayName": "Sauropelta", "attribution": "Ostrom 1970", "rawAttribution": "Ostrom 1970", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38827", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Sauropelta" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "38827" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38827", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sauropelta", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38827" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Parsons & Parsons (2009), A new ankylosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of central Montana", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/E09-045", "access": "primary article abstract read via author research listing" }, { "title": "Kinneer, Carpenter & Shaw (2016), Redescription of Gastonia burgei and description of a new species", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2016/0605", "access": "author-uploaded full paper, introduction, locality descriptions and discussion read" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "491338", "collectionId": "49616", "identifiedName": "cf. Sauropelta sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12199", "collectionReferenceId": "30651", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Poison Strip Sandstone", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Jim's Ankylosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "Burro Seep, Burro Seeps", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ludvigson et al. 2010: U-Pb dates from near the base were approximately 119.4 +/- 2.6Ma", "geogcomments": "near Burro Seep (Seeps)", "literatureIds": [ "nodosauridae-8" ] }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498255", "collectionId": "50349", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Yellowstone", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 31-9, north of Pryor", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "questionable assignment to member, Ostrom's Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. The overlying Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply. ", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 16, T4S, R26E, 0.25 mi E of AMNH 31-10; 3.5 mi N of Pryor" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498260", "collectionId": "50353", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 62-10, Greybull", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 5-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 26, T53N, R93W; 0.8 mi WNW of junction of Bentonite Company road and road to Kane, 4 mi NE of Greybull" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498869", "collectionId": "50471", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-20, Point Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 7 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 36, T4S, R29E, 3 mi ESE of Cashen Ranch, 700 yds NW of Point Creek" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498870", "collectionId": "50472", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-29, Point Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 1, T5S, R29E, 3 mi ESE of Cashen Ranch, 300 yds SE of YPM 64-28" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498874", "collectionId": "50476", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-31, Buster Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 42 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 6, T5S, R29E; 2.25 mi SW of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498885", "collectionId": "50481", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-47, Warren", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 52 ft below Unit VIII", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 19, T8S, R25E; 5.5 mi NNW of Warren" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498896", "collectionId": "50488", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-67, Bluewater Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 31, T5S, R24E; 5 mi NE of Bridger railroad station" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498905", "collectionId": "50493", "identifiedName": "? Sauropelta sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 62-11, Himes", "collection_aka": "locality 13", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 2-3 ft below Unit VIII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 1, T54N, R95W; 2.5 mi WSW of Himes, W of Little Sheep Mountain" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498914", "collectionId": "50496", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-18, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 115", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 2-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 20 yds NW of YPM 63-17. Includes UM 20797, from 20 m SE of site and same horizon" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498915", "collectionId": "50496", "identifiedName": "? Sauropelta sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-18, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 115", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 2-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 20 yds NW of YPM 63-17. Includes UM 20797, from 20 m SE of site and same horizon" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498916", "collectionId": "50497", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-17, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 5-8 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 20 yds NW of YPM 63-16" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498924", "collectionId": "50498", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-19, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 118", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 0-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 30 yds NW of YPM 63-18" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498925", "collectionId": "50498", "identifiedName": "? Sauropelta sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-19, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 118", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 0-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 30 yds NW of YPM 63-18" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498930", "collectionId": "50499", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-16, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member = Ostrom's unit VI; 1-3 ft below Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 20 yds SE of YPM 63-17" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498931", "collectionId": "50499", "identifiedName": "? Sauropelta sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-16, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member = Ostrom's unit VI; 1-3 ft below Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 20 yds SE of YPM 63-17" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498935", "collectionId": "50501", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-23, Horse Coulée", "collection_aka": "Horse Coulee", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member = Ostrom's unit VI; 2 ft below Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 26, T4S, R29E; 2 mi E of Cashen Ranch house on Horse Coulée" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "498936", "collectionId": "50502", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 32-6, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member = Ostrom's unit VI; 3 ft below Unit VII", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 32, T4S, R29E; 1.25 mi SSW of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "499157", "collectionId": "50528", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 32-3, Push Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Units V, VI or VII", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 20, T5S, R28E; approx 1.5 mi W of Thor K. Lande Ranch, on Push Creek" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "499159", "collectionId": "50530", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "62195", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 32-4, Mott Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 8, T5S, R30E; 6 mi SE of Cashen Ranch house, on Mott Creek" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "499162", "collectionId": "50532", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-20, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "5-8 ft above unit VI; member = Ostrom's unit VII", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 75 yds NW of YPM 63-19" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "499165", "collectionId": "50535", "identifiedName": "? Sauropelta sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-22, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "2 ft below unit VI; member = Ostrom's unit V", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 210 yds NW of YPM 63-20" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "499166", "collectionId": "50536", "identifiedName": "? Sauropelta sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-24, Horse Coulée", "collection_aka": "Cashen Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 8 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 35, T4S, R29E; 300 yds S of YPM 64-23, 2 mi E of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "499616", "collectionId": "50689", "identifiedName": "? Sauropelta sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 38-2, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unknown member/horizon", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. NW 1/4, sec 28, T5S, R28E; 0.5 mi N of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "499640", "collectionId": "50693", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "54229", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 32-7, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member = Ostrom's Unit VI; 8 ft below Unit VII", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. SE 1/4, sec 32, T4S, R29E; 1.25 mi SSW of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "499697", "collectionId": "50712", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta ? edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 03-28, Beauvais Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "25 mi SE of Pryor, MT near Cashen Ranch, probably along Beauvais Creek" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "499708", "collectionId": "50715", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta ? edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 04-9, Beauvais Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "50 mi S of Billings, on Beauvais Creek; probably sec 22 or 23, between entrances of Buster Creek and Horse Coulée into Bauvais Creek" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "499858", "collectionId": "50721", "identifiedName": "? Sauropelta sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 33-6", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unknown member", "geogcomments": "sec 26, 27, 34 or 35, T7N, R16E" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "513857", "collectionId": "25076", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "54181", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 31-6, Cashen Pocket", "collection_aka": "Cashen Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member = Ostrom's Unit VI; possible uppermost unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. NW 1/4, sec 33, T4S, R29E; 0.25 mi SE of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "533977", "collectionId": "55246", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14853", "collectionReferenceId": "14710", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MOR CL-121, Bridger", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "east of Bridger, MT - coordinates are a very rough estimate" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "1092927", "collectionId": "137567", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 42183, Ostrom's Beach", "collection_aka": "MTC WY-04028", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "1092992", "collectionId": "137577", "identifiedName": "Sauropelta edwardsi", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta edwardsorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 42222", "collection_aka": "MTC WY-05013", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "Manderson NE quad" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "1606689", "collectionId": "227194", "identifiedName": "cf. Sauropelta sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94102", "collectionReferenceId": "38774", "cc": "US", "state": "Idaho", "county": "Caribou", "formation": "Wayan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "IMNH 2273, Tincup Canyon (1036 m)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Tincup Canyon, N of Idaho State Route 34" }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "occurrenceId": "1627456", "collectionId": "230406", "identifiedName": "cf. Sauropelta sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauropelta", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85049", "collectionReferenceId": "85049", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Warren Estates", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Warren Estates, mear Jessie's Twist", "literatureIds": [ "nodosauridae-8" ] }, { "genusId": "38827", "genus": "Sauropelta", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "nodosauridae-4", "formation": "Cloverly" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Sauropelta" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:38827" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "38827", "156241" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "cloverly", "montana" ], "label": "Cloverly Formation · Montana · US", "occurrenceId": "533977", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sauropelta", "Tatankacephalus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sauropelta": [ "498255", "498869", "498870", "498874", "498885", "498896", "498935", "498936", "499157", "499159", "499166", "499616", "499640", "499697", "499708", "499858", "513857", "533977" ], "Tatankacephalus": [ "831052" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38827", "156241" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38840", "name": "Sauroplites", "displayName": "Sauroplites", "attribution": "Bohlin 1953", "rawAttribution": "Bohlin 1953", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38840", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Sauroplites" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "38840" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38840", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sauroplites", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38840" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38840", "genus": "Sauroplites", "occurrenceId": "489725", "collectionId": "49343", "identifiedName": "Sauroplites scutiger n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauroplites scutiger", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13553", "collectionReferenceId": "14779", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Zhidan", "collection_name": "Tebch (SSE)", "collection_aka": "Tebchi, Sino-Swedish Expedition, Haratologai, Haratologay", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "could be either Lisangou or Xinpongnaobao Fm. Upper Zhidan Group", "geogcomments": "Tebch, Inner Mongolia, 11 km N of Uradi Houqi and 7 km NW of abandoned lamasery of Harchulu (= Chulu Miao). Probably the same as Young's Haratologai (= Haratologay), described as ca. 100 km NW of the great bend of the Hwangho River, NW of the Ordos." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Sauroplites" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:38840" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "273053", "526153", "38840", "294661" ], "candidateIds": [ "273053", "526153", "38840", "294661" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66616", "name": "Sauroposeidon", "displayName": "Sauroposeidon", "attribution": "Wedel et al. 2000", "rawAttribution": "Wedel et al. 2000", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66616", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Sauroposeidon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "66616" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66616", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sauroposeidon", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66616" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66616", "genus": "Sauroposeidon", "occurrenceId": "247238", "collectionId": "24178", "identifiedName": "Sauroposeidon proteles n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauroposeidon proteles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6837", "collectionReferenceId": "6837", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "middle", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Arnold's Bottom, OMNH locality V821", "collection_aka": "Sauroposeidon type; McLeod 3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "probably upper-middle Antlers, laterally equivalent to OMNH V706; Tenontosaurus collected from 3-5m above Sauroposeidon", "geogcomments": "ca. 20 km W of Antlers and 1 km NE of OMNH V706; eroded area near earthen dam built for a cattle tank at the Howard McLeod Correctional Center" }, { "genusId": "66616", "genus": "Sauroposeidon", "occurrenceId": "498911", "collectionId": "50496", "identifiedName": "Sauroposeidon proteles", "acceptedName": "Sauroposeidon proteles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42441", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-18, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 115", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 2-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 20 yds NW of YPM 63-17. Includes UM 20797, from 20 m SE of site and same horizon" }, { "genusId": "66616", "genus": "Sauroposeidon", "occurrenceId": "498922", "collectionId": "50498", "identifiedName": "Sauroposeidon proteles", "acceptedName": "Sauroposeidon proteles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42441", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-19, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 118", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 0-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 30 yds NW of YPM 63-18" }, { "genusId": "66616", "genus": "Sauroposeidon", "occurrenceId": "519703", "collectionId": "52865", "identifiedName": "Paluxysaurus jonesi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauroposeidon proteles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25140", "collectionReferenceId": "14241", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Hood", "formation": "Twin Mountains", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Jones Ranch Quarry, SMU Loc. v282, FWMSH 93B-10", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Transgressive marine deposits of the Glen Rose Formation crop out less than 9.66 m above dinosaur quarry, and lowest fossiliferous Glen Rose level is 12.97 m above. Location near base of Glen Rose Fm. suggests age close to 112 Ma.", "geogcomments": "W. W. Jones Ranch, near the city of Glen Rose" }, { "genusId": "66616", "genus": "Sauroposeidon", "occurrenceId": "1578500", "collectionId": "222851", "identifiedName": "cf. Sauroposeidon sp.", "acceptedName": "Sauroposeidon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78417", "collectionReferenceId": "14027", "cc": "US", "state": "Arkansas", "county": "Howard", "formation": "Holly Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Weyerhaeuser Briar Plant Quarry [Holly Creek]", "collection_aka": "ca. 18 km NNW Nashville, Briar Mining Site, CertainTeed Mining", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "In Arkansas, the Trinity Group consists of the Delight Sand/Pike Gravel, the Dierks Limestone, the Holly Creek Formation (which interfingers with the Ultima Thule Gravel), the De Queen Formation, and the Paluxy Formation (Vanderpool, 1928; Miser & Purdue, 1929; McFarland, 2004).\r\nThe upper part of the Holly Creek Formation, at least, is thought to be Albian in age. This is based on similarity of the oyster assemblage (Ostrea franklini) to that found in the overlying De Queen Formation (Miser & Purdue, 1929), suggesting an Albian age for the upper boundary of the Holly Creek Formation. Also, the presence of the foraminiferan Orbitolina texana in the Ferry Lake Anhydrite, a correlative unit to anhydrite beds of the lower De Queen Formation, and the presence of the ammonite Douvilleiceras sp. within the De Queen Formation units at the CertainTeed mine, support an Albian age (Loucks & Longman, 1982; Pittman, 1984, 1985).", "geogcomments": "In the 1980s, during the course of field investigations on the De Queen sauropod trackways (Pittman & Gillette, 1989), one of us (JGP) collected vertebrate remains and fossiliferous rock matrix from the upper part of the Holly Creek Formation, which cropped out in a drainage ditch excavated by the mining company (formerly Briar Mining Site, now CertainTeed Mining) in association with a reservoir to hold wastewater and mined residues." }, { "genusId": "66616", "genus": "Sauroposeidon", "occurrenceId": "1599670", "collectionId": "50496", "identifiedName": "Sauroposeidon proteles", "acceptedName": "Sauroposeidon proteles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81898", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-18, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 115", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 2-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 20 yds NW of YPM 63-17. Includes UM 20797, from 20 m SE of site and same horizon" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Sauroposeidon" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "genus:66616" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "66616" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "antlers" ], "label": "Antlers Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "247238", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sauroposeidon" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia", "Brontomerus", "Chubutisaurus", "Dasosaurus", "Ligabuesaurus", "Padillasaurus", "Triunfosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sauroposeidon": [ "247238" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66616" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38573", "name": "Saurornithoides", "displayName": "Saurornithoides", "attribution": "Osborn 1924", "rawAttribution": "Osborn 1924", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38573", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Saurornithoidini", "Saurornithoides" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "379275", "518014", "38573" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38573", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Saurornithoides", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38573" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38573", "genus": "Saurornithoides", "occurrenceId": "457756", "collectionId": "37213", "identifiedName": "cf. Saurornithoides mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Saurornithoides mongoliensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11743", "collectionReferenceId": "9961", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov Aimak", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Granger's Hill, Ukhaa Tolgod", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Granger's Hill, Ukhaa Tolgod" }, { "genusId": "38573", "genus": "Saurornithoides", "occurrenceId": "472566", "collectionId": "46973", "identifiedName": "Saurornithoides mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Saurornithoides mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12477", "collectionReferenceId": "12477", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nigerndeg bonebed, Bayan Mandahu site 36", "collection_aka": "Sino-Canadian Dinosaur Project, Castle Butte", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Nigerndeg bonebed, Castle Butte, Bayan Mandahu" }, { "genusId": "38573", "genus": "Saurornithoides", "occurrenceId": "488355", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "cf. Saurornithoides sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornithoides", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38573", "genus": "Saurornithoides", "occurrenceId": "1244253", "collectionId": "46152", "identifiedName": "Saurornithoides mongoliensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornithoides mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13096", "collectionReferenceId": "14566", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shabarakh Usu (AMNH loc. 12049)", "collection_aka": "Protoceratops type, Flaming Cliffs, Bayn Dzak, Kwei-wa-ting trail, Bayan Zag", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"There are no radioisotopic dates from beds in the sequence that produce the Bayn Dzak fauna. According to different authors, its age has been reported to range from Cenomanian to Early Maastrichtian. Berkey and Morris (1927) placed it in the early Late Cretaceous. Polish authors variously assigned it to a range between the Coniacian and the Santonian (Gradziński et al., 1969; Kielan-Jaworowska, 1969, 1970, 1974; Kielan Jaworowska and Dovchin, 1969; Lefeld, 1965, 1971). McKenna (1969) suggested a Cenomanian age. Rozhdestvensky, in his study of Mongolian dinosaurs (1971), inferred the probable age of the fauna to be late Santonian or possibly early Campanian. Fox (1978) suggested a Campanian age based on comparisons between Mongolian, American, and Canadian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous. Lillegraven and McKenna (1986) considered the Bayn Dzak fauna to be of Campanian-Early Maastrichtian age. Jerzykiewicz et al. (1993) and Eberth (1993) assign a Campanian age to the Djadokhta faunas from both Bayan Mandahu and Bayn Dzak. Most recently, Averianov (1997) tentatively agreed with Gradziński et al. (1977) that the fauna from the Djadokhta Formation is early Campanian in age, based on comparisons of mammalian and marine taxa from the Darbasa Formation of Kazakhstan. So, although most recent workers have assigned a Campanian age to the fauna from the Djadokhta, there has historically been little consensus among biochronologic age estimates and no evidence independent of faunal comparisons.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 2005)\r\n\"The presence of reversed magnetozones in both the Flaming Cliffs and Khren Tsav sections means that most of these units must be younger than Chron 34n—the upper boundary of which represents the boundary between the Santonian and the Campanian at about 83.5 Ma (Gradstein et al., 1995). The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones in the Flaming Cliffs section suggests that the sediments were deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian incorporating the end of Chron 33 and Chron 32 between about 75 and 71 Ma (Gradstein et al., 1995)... Previous biochronologic age estimates taken in conjunction with this new magnetostratigraphic data suggest that the fossiliferous sediments of the Djadokhta Formation were most likely deposited during the quick succession of normal and reversed intervals in the late Campanian between 71 and 75 Ma.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 2005)", "geogcomments": "on Kwei-wa-ting trail, E of Artsa Bogdo, Gobi Desert, Mongolia; at Shabarakh Usu (= Flaming Cliffs)" }, { "genusId": "38573", "genus": "Saurornithoides", "occurrenceId": "1272883", "collectionId": "168988", "identifiedName": "Saurornithoides sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornithoides", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53759", "collectionReferenceId": "42291", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermeen Tsav II, Upper White Beds [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Khermin Tsav; Khermin-Tsab; Hermiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "10 km NE of Khermeen Tsav I, about 50 km SW of Naran Bulak; the N cliff of the northern pediment of the valley" }, { "genusId": "38573", "genus": "Saurornithoides", "occurrenceId": "1409256", "collectionId": "14537", "identifiedName": "Saurornithoides cf. mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Saurornithoides mongoliensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry, SDSM loc. V637", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs" }, { "genusId": "38573", "genus": "Saurornithoides", "occurrenceId": "1409287", "collectionId": "192251", "identifiedName": "Saurornithoides cf. mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Saurornithoides mongoliensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry anthills", "collection_aka": "SDSM V638, V639, V640, V644, V645, V646", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs, ca. 100 ft. downslope of Eureka Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38573", "genus": "Saurornithoides", "occurrenceId": "1639011", "collectionId": "64685", "identifiedName": "Saurornithoides sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornithoides", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64195", "collectionReferenceId": "64195", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Khodzhakul", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SSHD-8a, Sheikhdzheili", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the formation - redeposited into late Paleocene beds", "geogcomments": "western Kyzyl-Kum, Sheikh-Dzheili, Sultan-Uvais" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Saurornithoidini", "Saurornithoides" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Troodontinae", "clade:Saurornithoidini", "genus:38573" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64790", "38573", "243378", "168437" ], "candidateIds": [ "64790", "38573", "243378", "168437" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38567", "name": "Saurornitholestes", "displayName": "Saurornitholestes", "attribution": "Sues 1978", "rawAttribution": "Sues 1978", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38567", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Saurornitholestinae", "Saurornitholestes" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "143994", "143992", "38567" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Broad period only. CEUM34580belongsPeloroplites; clear mistakenreviewtaskforSaurornitholestes.; Manyremoteisolatedtoothreferrals mayonlybemorphotype; retainqualifiedrows andbroadranges, do notinventaffirmativeglobalgenericdistribution.; WholecountryRUrequiresAsiaandEurope conservativegeography untilspecimenlocationresolved.", "references": [ { "title": "Cross et al. (2026), Reclassification of ankylosaurs with ambiguous taxonomy using tooth morphometrics", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag068", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/206/4/zlag068/8661487", "access": "Full primary publisher HTML read. Table1 marks Peloroplites CEUM34580 holotype and labels RubyRanch; does not publish newquarry provenance" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia", "Europe" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "144305", "collectionId": "10760", "identifiedName": "cf. Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "4002", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Garjobel", "collection_aka": "Gârjobel, Sânpetru, Girjobel", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "south of Sânpetru, Hateg Basin, western Romania. Possible includes both Garjobel I and Garjobel II (references mix the two names for the same site), as well as older Girjobel Groza site." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "248042", "collectionId": "14462", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13591", "collectionReferenceId": "1487", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Hidden Valley Quarry (HVQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "248061", "collectionId": "14437", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "25474", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Careless Creek Quarry (CCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the lower 1/3rd of the local section according to Penkalski and Dodson 1999\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma, ", "geogcomments": "on Careless Creek Ranch (owned by Lammers family), near Shawmut, Wheatland Co., about 150 km NW of Billings and 160 km S of Leidy-Cope localities on Missouri R." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "256913", "collectionId": "24924", "identifiedName": "cf. Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81222", "collectionReferenceId": "81222", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sandoval", "formation": "Menefee", "member": "Allison", "geological_group": "Mesaverde", "collection_name": "NMMNH locality L-3033", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "same horizon as L-3034", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "266833", "collectionId": "25658", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17718", "collectionReferenceId": "7156", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Bob's Vacation Site", "collection_aka": "MOR TM-088", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "75-76 mya, middle of formation (not \"middle member\")", "geogcomments": "\"extent of 25 m2\"\r\nno geographic details are given, so coordinate is based on county" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "288584", "collectionId": "14489", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes cf. langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11752", "collectionReferenceId": "2988", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Terlingua", "collection_aka": "OMNH V58; TMM 43057", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"microvertebrate-bearing bed is 13 to 18 cm thick\" and \"within several meters of the top of the underlying Terlingua Creek sandstone member\"\r\nammonites and bivalves support a late Campanian age\r\n", "geogcomments": "8 km NNE of Study Butte\r\n\"bone-bearing deposit ranges up to 10 m wide\"" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "362179", "collectionId": "34305", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9017", "collectionReferenceId": "9017", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Baby Ceratopsian Site", "collection_aka": "BC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a channel lag within the 8-16 m thick Lethbridge coal zone", "geogcomments": "Onefour area" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "362355", "collectionId": "34307", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9017", "collectionReferenceId": "9017", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Onefour Car Park Site (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "CP, L1115", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a channel lag within the 8-16 m thick Lethbridge coal zone", "geogcomments": "near Onefour" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "362396", "collectionId": "34309", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9017", "collectionReferenceId": "9017", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Dinosaur Park Site", "collection_aka": "DP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a channel lag within the 8-16 m thick Lethbridge coal zone", "geogcomments": "near Onefour" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "362681", "collectionId": "34315", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9017", "collectionReferenceId": "9017", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Jane's Site, Onefour", "collection_aka": "JS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a channel lag within the 8-16 m thick Lethbridge coal zone", "geogcomments": "near Onefour" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "382142", "collectionId": "36269", "identifiedName": "cf. Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9737", "collectionReferenceId": "59350", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "head of Willow Wash, SMP loc. 376a", "collection_aka": "NMMNH L-346, P1041", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "lower part of De-na-zin member", "geogcomments": "\"at the heads of Hunter, Willow, Alamo, and De-na-zin washes\" (Willow Wash used for coordinate)" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "384547", "collectionId": "36608", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9814", "collectionReferenceId": "9814", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Hagans Crossing", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Old Trail Museum locality L-6/Bob's Tuesday Site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, but slightly higher in section than main Seven Mile Hill exposures, which are underlain by a crystal tuff dated at 80.0 ± 0.1 Ma", "geogcomments": "within/S of Seven Mile Hill Badlands, Teton Co. Coordinates are for nearby Choteau." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "392713", "collectionId": "22689", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9812", "collectionReferenceId": "14615", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jack's Birthday Site, MOR TM-068 (bone layer)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1564", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: frm bentonites radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min\r\n\r\nForeman et al. 2008: 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic age data reported for the Two Medicine Formation (Rogers et al., 1993; present study) are consistent with the unit accumulating during most of the Campanian Stage (83.5–70.6 Ma, Gradstein et al., 2004), with deposition definitively commencing prior to 80 Ma and terminating shortly after 74 Ma. ", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "393103", "collectionId": "22659", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10086", "collectionReferenceId": "18556", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 143, BB 43", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1534, Centrosaurus Bonebed 43, 0175/1, JR043, L0043", "geogscale": "basin", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_min\r\nlow in formation, 10.5 m above contact w/Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "456920 N, 5622350E (NAD 27 datum) = S5, T21, R11, W of 4 (also listed as 465950mE, 5622350mN). 91.5 m S of Quarry 88" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "457807", "collectionId": "45098", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V91007, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -80.16, K-T section 9906, ", "geogcomments": "approx. NW 1/4, sec. 32, R106W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "457817", "collectionId": "45099", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V89004, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -81.68, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "approx. NW 1/4, sec. 32, R106W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "457842", "collectionId": "14610", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "1984", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "PTRM V92067", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -36.18, K-T seection 9317", "geogcomments": "Little Missouri Badlands" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "457863", "collectionId": "45102", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V89003", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -89.40, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "approx. at center of S edge of sec. 24, R105W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "457903", "collectionId": "45111", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V87012, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -9.85, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "457947", "collectionId": "45118", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88004, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -10.61, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "457987", "collectionId": "45128", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V92002", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -40.00, K-T seection 9735", "geogcomments": "T134N,R106W,sec24 , approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "458290", "collectionId": "45145", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V87006, East Marmarth", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -28.00, K-T section 86148", "geogcomments": "T133N,R105W,sec17, approx. center" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "459317", "collectionId": "45238", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 25", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 25, DPP, L0025", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990). " }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "459341", "collectionId": "45240", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 105", "collection_aka": "Dave's II, Bonebed 105, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "459502", "collectionId": "45260", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 119", "collection_aka": "Turtle Pond, DPP, Bonebed 119, RTMP Quarry 159, U009", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "459526", "collectionId": "45261", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 97", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 97, DPP, JMC 1044", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "459554", "collectionId": "45262", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sid's Site, RTMP BB 51", "collection_aka": "DPP, Bonebed 51", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meters above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\"", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "459581", "collectionId": "45264", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 86", "collection_aka": "DPP, Bonebed 86, TMP loc. L0086", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\"", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "461731", "collectionId": "45560", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Suffield Pumping Station Site, RTMP L1123", "collection_aka": "SPS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation; immediately below Taber Coal", "geogcomments": "LSD 13, Sec. 11, Tp. 13, Rg. 9, W 4; South Saskatchewan River area" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "461777", "collectionId": "45561", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Pinhorn Range #2, RTMP L1124", "collection_aka": "PHR-2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper unit of formation", "geogcomments": "LSD 4, Sec. 22, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "461841", "collectionId": "45564", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Pinhorn Range #1, RTMP L1125", "collection_aka": "PHR-1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper unit of formation (base of third unit), 25 m below Oldman Fm", "geogcomments": "LSD 1, Sec. 21, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "461878", "collectionId": "45565", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hoodoo Site, RTMP L1126", "collection_aka": "Ho S", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower unit of formation; 8.5 m above top of Taber Coal Zone", "geogcomments": "LSD 4, Sec. 7, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "461915", "collectionId": "45566", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Wendy's Site, RTMP L1127", "collection_aka": "WS, Pinhorn Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower unit of formation; about 10 m above Taber Coal Zone", "geogcomments": "LSD 5, Sec. 7, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee/Pinhorn Ranch, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "461952", "collectionId": "45567", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "EZ Site, RTMP L1128", "collection_aka": "EZ", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower unit of formation;27.5 m above top of Taber Coal Zone", "geogcomments": "LSD 5, sec. 7, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "462906", "collectionId": "45670", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Pinhorn South Site, RTMP L1129", "collection_aka": "PHS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower unit of formation; 35 m above top of Taber Coal Zone", "geogcomments": "LSD 2, Sec. 2, T2, R7, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "462938", "collectionId": "45671", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Prairie Level Site, RTMP L1130", "collection_aka": "PLS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit (upper unit of formation); 4.5 m below double bentonite at top of section", "geogcomments": "LSD 6, Sec. 36, T1, R6, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "462975", "collectionId": "45674", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hanna's Ankylosaur Site, RTMP L1131", "collection_aka": "HAS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit (upper member); 14.5 m below the double bentonite layers of the section", "geogcomments": "LSD 10, Sec. 36, T1, R6, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "463819", "collectionId": "45819", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hanna's Site, RTMP L1132", "collection_aka": "HS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit; middle unit of Oldman (but estimated)", "geogcomments": "LSD *, Sec 34, T2, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "463881", "collectionId": "45820", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Pinhorn Range #93-2, RTMP L1133", "collection_aka": "PHR 93-2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower unit of formation; 24.5 m above top of Taber Coal Zone", "geogcomments": "LSD 13, Sec 23, T2, R7, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "463921", "collectionId": "45821", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Confluence Site, RTMP L1134", "collection_aka": "CS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit, middle unit of formation; horizon estimated", "geogcomments": "LSD 9, Sec 34, T2, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "463954", "collectionId": "45822", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Salamander Site, RTMP L1135", "collection_aka": "Sal S", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit, upper part of formation; 20-30 m above middle unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 9, Sec 35, T1, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "464635", "collectionId": "45892", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Cecil Nesmo's #2, RTMP L1136", "collection_aka": "CN-2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "4.5 m above the uppermost sandstone sheet of the middle unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 12, Sec 35, T1, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "464676", "collectionId": "45893", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Cecil Nesmo's #1, RTMP L1137", "collection_aka": "CN-1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "6 m above the top of the middle unit; Nesmo's unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 16, Sec 34, T1, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "464710", "collectionId": "45894", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Old Road Site, RTMP L1138", "collection_aka": "ORS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "7 m below base of upper unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 10, Sec 35, T1, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "464756", "collectionId": "45897", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Come-By-Chance, RTMP L1139", "collection_aka": "CBC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "5.5 m lower than RDS site; \"suggested\" to be at base of upper unit; Nesmo's unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 2, Sec 10, T3, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "464794", "collectionId": "45898", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Rainy Day Site, RTMP L1140", "collection_aka": "RDS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit; 5.5 m higher than CBC site; upper member of formation", "geogcomments": "LSD 6, Sec 10, T3, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "464827", "collectionId": "45899", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Big Muddy-Channel Site, RTMP L1141", "collection_aka": "BMC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "17 m below the double bentonite at the top of the section; Nesmo's unit; upper member of formation", "geogcomments": "LSD 5, Sec 31, T1, R5, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "475306", "collectionId": "47189", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sullivani n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes sullivani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55247", "collectionReferenceId": "12614", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 311, Hunter Wash", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "head of E branch of Hunter Wash (SE); NW 1/4, SW 1/4, NW 1/4, sec 2 T24N, R12W" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479408", "collectionId": "47784", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "One Tree Creek, RTMP BB 108", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 108", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479456", "collectionId": "47793", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "New Eggshell Site, RTMP BB 98", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, NESS, DPP, Bonebed 98", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below. DPP-Brinkman section measurement = 1.0 m", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479483", "collectionId": "47794", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "New Campsite Locality, RTMP BB 100", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 100, RTMP L0406", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479508", "collectionId": "47795", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Ankylosaur-rich Site, RTMP BB 103", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, Bonebed 103, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479587", "collectionId": "47807", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Bill's Site, RTMP BB 70", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 70", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990). NOTE: This is incorrectly listed as BB 71 in Brinkman (1990) but has been corrected here." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479622", "collectionId": "47809", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Chris's Site, RTMP BB 107", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 107", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479652", "collectionId": "47811", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Matthew's Site, RTMP BB 121", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, Bonebed 121, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479677", "collectionId": "47812", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Overlook Site, RTMP BB 118", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 118", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479687", "collectionId": "14488", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes cf. langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3010", "collectionReferenceId": "3010", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Talley Mountain (LSU)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Multiple sites from above WPA quarry level - five horizons", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park; county assignment uncertain. Multiple sites." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479711", "collectionId": "47814", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 54", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, Bonebed 54, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479740", "collectionId": "47816", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 31, DPP", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 31", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479774", "collectionId": "22698", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 104", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1573, Bonebed 104, U-2, TMP loc. L0401", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "479800", "collectionId": "22695", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Francois Site, RTMP BB 106", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1570, Bonebed 106", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "480295", "collectionId": "22697", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville Railway Grade, RTMP BB 102", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1572, Steveville Railroad Grade, RRG, Bonebed 102, RTMP Quarry 152, TMP loc. L0408", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "480296", "collectionId": "22697", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76402", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville Railway Grade, RTMP BB 102", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1572, Steveville Railroad Grade, RRG, Bonebed 102, RTMP Quarry 152, TMP loc. L0408", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "483672", "collectionId": "14482", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "30644", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Put's Plunder (UCMP V-81234)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "base of a series of cyclical deposits within the \"Foremost\" formation; probably McClelland Ferry Mbr. Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "Kennedy Coulee" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "501543", "collectionId": "14490", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "1487", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Top Cat Quarry (TCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "508630", "collectionId": "14457", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "1098", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Emily's Ankle Quarry (EAQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "508636", "collectionId": "14434", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "1098", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Blackbird Ridge Quarry (BBR)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "513165", "collectionId": "51891", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13817", "collectionReferenceId": "13817", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "Kogosukruk Tongue", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "Old Bone Beach", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "537897", "collectionId": "52991", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15064", "collectionReferenceId": "14287", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Devil's Coulee (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Includes all materials not assigned to a sublocality of Devil's Coulee." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "565503", "collectionId": "59113", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17733", "collectionReferenceId": "17733", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 140, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Q140", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 13, sec 27, T21, R12, W 4th meridian; 180-210 m above floor of valley, Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "565603", "collectionId": "59139", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16964", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 168", "collection_aka": "U058", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "565877", "collectionId": "59224", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15355", "collectionReferenceId": "15355", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 151", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "583859", "collectionId": "38134", "identifiedName": "cf. Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17707", "collectionReferenceId": "43271", "cc": "RU", "state": "Amur", "county": "Arkharinskii", "formation": "Udurchukan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tsagayan", "collection_name": "Kundur", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Godefroit et al. (2012): \"Udurchukan Formation (Wodehouseia spinata - Aquilapollenites subtilis palynozone), ?Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "Kundur locality, near town of Obluch'e, Arkharinskii district, Amur region, Yevreyskaya Avtonomnyy Oblast, Russia. On the Vladivostok-Moscow highway (Chita-Khabarovsk highway), 10 km SE of Kundur village\r\n\r\nGodefroit et al. (2012): \"Kundur (N 49deg 04' 57.5\"; E 130deg 51' 34.1\"), Amur Region, Far Eastern Russia.\"" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "584213", "collectionId": "61471", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17733", "collectionReferenceId": "9232", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "small theropod site, DPP (UA)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 14, sec 32, T20, R11, W 4th meridian; 1.5 mi SE of Dinosaur Provincial Park headquarters" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "584305", "collectionId": "61493", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17733", "collectionReferenceId": "9232", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "opposite Happy Jack's ranch (DPP)", "collection_aka": "Happy Jack Ferry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S side of Red Deer River, opposite Happy Jack's ranch; sec 2, T21, R11, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "586532", "collectionId": "61843", "identifiedName": "cf. Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54477", "collectionReferenceId": "85693", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jones' Site", "collection_aka": "Bambiraptor type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 2/3 above base of formation - lower part of upper section of formation", "geogcomments": "approx. 13 km W of Bynum, MT" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "586539", "collectionId": "14458", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17857", "collectionReferenceId": "2237", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Natrona", "formation": "Mesaverde", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fales Rocks 1", "collection_aka": "UW V-81006; UCMP V-81101", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "now dated to upper middle Campanian", "geogcomments": "below top of SW slope of hill 6450 (Garfield Park Quad, 1959, 7.5 min.), in NE 1/4, SW 1/4, SW 1/4, Se 1/4, sec 4, T33N, R87W. 37 m SE of Barwin Quarry." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "628141", "collectionId": "22697", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76402", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville Railway Grade, RTMP BB 102", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1572, Steveville Railroad Grade, RRG, Bonebed 102, RTMP Quarry 152, TMP loc. L0408", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "628146", "collectionId": "22696", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Peter's Site, RTMP BB 94", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1571, Bonebed 94", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "629756", "collectionId": "67869", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 137", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 137, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5621050 N, 463500 E" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "629762", "collectionId": "67870", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 120, Sabo's Site", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 120, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5620845 N, 466235 E" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "629770", "collectionId": "67871", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 135", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 135, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5619950 N, 463500 E" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "629777", "collectionId": "67872", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP L1118, Ken's Site", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5622810 N, 462990 E" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "629786", "collectionId": "67873", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP L1120, Eric's Bro's", "collection_aka": "DPP; Eric’s Brother’s Bonebed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5632500 N, 478550 E" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "629794", "collectionId": "67874", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP L1122, Ryan's", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5622950 N, 473100 E" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "629826", "collectionId": "67877", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP L1116, MR#2", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5619330 N, 466950 E" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "629892", "collectionId": "67879", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "S.P. #1, South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "Sandy Point #1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTm 12. 5610500 N, 557200 E, N of Medicine Hat" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "629898", "collectionId": "67880", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "S.P. #3, South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "Sandy Point #3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTm 12. 5620500 N, 565250 E, N of Medicine Hat" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "629917", "collectionId": "67881", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hilda #1, South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTm 12. 5698800 N, 542700 E" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "629934", "collectionId": "67882", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", 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Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25812", "collectionReferenceId": "7029", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Windy City, Rattlesnake Mountain, Big Bend", "collection_aka": "LSUMG 842, VL-842, TMM 43098, TxVP 43098", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Windy City, southwest of Rattlesnake Mountain, Big Bend National Park. Site is near S end of \"Purple Hill\", near Rattlesnake Mtn." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "771700", "collectionId": "82635", "identifiedName": "cf. Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27814", "collectionReferenceId": "27814", "cc": "US", "state": "Alabama", "county": "Greene", "formation": "Mooreville Chalk", "member": "", "geological_group": "Selma", "collection_name": "RMM Loc. AGr-11, Old West Greene", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "early to mid-Campanian, nannofossil zone 18a of Sissingh, 1977. \"uppermost beds\" at site.", "geogcomments": "Red Mountain Museum locality AGr-11, near Old West Greene, sec. 2, T22N, R1W; NW Greene County" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "790049", "collectionId": "85498", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28887", "collectionReferenceId": "28887", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Conor's Microsite (CM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "near Fort Peck Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "814090", "collectionId": "89605", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30044", "collectionReferenceId": "76819", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Wapiti", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kleskun Hill Park, site B", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "above an ash layer dated as 73.77 ± 1.46 Ma (Ar/Ar)", "geogcomments": "Kleskun Hill Park, ca. 25 km NE of Grande Prairie, W-central Alberta, on left side of Smoky River" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "851691", "collectionId": "94765", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32280", "collectionReferenceId": "32280", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 207", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"low in the Dinosaur Park Formation\"", "geogcomments": "near the centre of the badlands within the park; 463,442.017 E; 5,621,309.905 N, 12 UTM" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "944722", "collectionId": "68014", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36226", "collectionReferenceId": "19433", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 746", "collection_aka": "VL-746", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "estimated (but not stated) as near Rattlesnake Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "944830", "collectionId": "109657", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36226", "collectionReferenceId": "36226", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 747, Rattlesnake Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-747", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation; bed is about 1.5 m thick", "geogcomments": "Rattlesnake Mountain, Big Bend National Park, S base of small hill (\"Purple Hill\")" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "944833", "collectionId": "109658", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36226", "collectionReferenceId": "36226", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 841, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-841", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1134741", "collectionId": "68002", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46717", "collectionReferenceId": "11752", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 488, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-488", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1134756", "collectionId": "68001", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes indet.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46717", "collectionReferenceId": "11752", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 140, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-140, Judy's Conglomerate", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1134784", "collectionId": "68003", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes indet.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46717", "collectionReferenceId": "11752", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LSUMG 489, Talley Mountain", "collection_aka": "VL-489, Judy's Conglomerate", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Talley Mountain, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1181627", "collectionId": "53050", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "North Baby Butte, Devil's Coulee", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "At Devil's Coulee, near Warner, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1181628", "collectionId": "53049", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Little Diablo's Hill, Devil's Coulee", "collection_aka": "Diabloes Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "At Devil's Coulee, near Warner, Alberta." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1181629", "collectionId": "152258", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "18018", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Wann's Hill", "collection_aka": "RTMP, Milk River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 36, T1N, R6W, 4th meridian; Wann's Hill, in exposures along the Milk River" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1181630", "collectionId": "152259", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Onefour, Baby Ceratops", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near village of Onefour, SE Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1181773", "collectionId": "22697", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76402", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville Railway Grade, RTMP BB 102", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1572, Steveville Railroad Grade, RRG, Bonebed 102, RTMP Quarry 152, TMP loc. L0408", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1181804", "collectionId": "152279", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Pumposaur Site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 10, T21N, R11W, 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1181807", "collectionId": "76752", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "16964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 23, One Tree Creek", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 23, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": " located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta, in the One Tree Creek (Onetree Creek) area" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1181810", "collectionId": "46958", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "9243", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sandy Point, East Coulee", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T21, R1, W 4th meridian, Sandy Point, East Coulee, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1350470", "collectionId": "183109", "identifiedName": "cf. Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61095", "collectionReferenceId": "61095", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Powder River", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lane's Little Jaw Site", "collection_aka": "LLJS Quarry; LACM 7942", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "upper Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1432014", "collectionId": "48864", "identifiedName": "cf. Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67934", "collectionReferenceId": "46006", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Var", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fox-Amphoux (Var)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "2 km N of village of Fox-Amphoux" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1443742", "collectionId": "180790", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68976", "collectionReferenceId": "68976", "cc": "US", "state": "South Carolina", "county": "Darlington", "formation": "Coachman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stokes Quarry [reworked]", "collection_aka": "site 1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"middle Campanian\"; age determined from pollen from an auger sample", "geogcomments": "Stokes Quarry, S side of County Road 407, ca. 0.25 mi. (0.40 km) W of County Road 49, 2.85 mi. (4.58 km) W of S.C. Rte. 340. Site is in a small sand quarry operated by the Stokes Sand and Gravel Co. until 2006. Collections are from spoil piles." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1443828", "collectionId": "79363", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68976", "collectionReferenceId": "85047", "cc": "US", "state": "South Carolina", "county": "Florence", "formation": "Donoho Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Black Creek", "collection_name": "Burches Ferry (upper)", "collection_aka": "site 8", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "within calcareous nannofossil zone CC 22c; bed shows a color change from top to bottom but is interpreted as a single lithological unit", "geogcomments": "Burches Ferry, near type section for Peedee Formation, near Pamplico. W bank of Pee Dee River, ca. 0.57 mi. (1.21 km) E of County Road 52, ca. 0.08 mi. (0.18 km) NW of junction of Mill Branch and Pee Dee River." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1541896", "collectionId": "216964", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75083", "collectionReferenceId": "75083", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jack’s Frontal (2017-FPG-018)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Valley County, approximately 40 km northwest of the town of Glasgow, Montana" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1555690", "collectionId": "219534", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes langstoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77956", "collectionReferenceId": "77956", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 260", "collection_aka": "Q260; University of Alberta’s Saurornitholestes; UALVP 55700", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part (MAZ-1 zone of Mallon et al. [2012]) of the formation", "geogcomments": "920 m northwest of the holotype quarry of Saurornitholestes langstoni (Q140)" }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1588485", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "cf. Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "38567", "genus": "Saurornitholestes", "occurrenceId": "1633249", "collectionId": "231469", "identifiedName": "cf. Saurornitholestes sp.", "acceptedName": "Saurornitholestes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85695", "collectionReferenceId": "85695", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Logan", "formation": "Fox Hills", "member": "Timber Lake", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "NDSFC Loc. LO64", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "location estimated as approx. sec. 4, T134N, R71W" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "CEUM34580belongsPeloroplites; clear mistakenreviewtaskforSaurornitholestes.; Manyremoteisolatedtoothreferrals mayonlybemorphotype; retainqualifiedrows andbroadranges, do notinventaffirmativeglobalgenericdistribution.; WholecountryRUrequiresAsiaandEurope conservativegeography untilspecimenlocationresolved.", "references": [ { "title": "Cross et al. (2026), Reclassification of ankylosaurs with ambiguous taxonomy using tooth morphometrics", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag068", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/206/4/zlag068/8661487", "access": "Full primary publisher HTML read. Table1 marks Peloroplites CEUM34580 holotype and labels RubyRanch; does not publish newquarry provenance" } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Saurornitholestinae", "Saurornitholestes" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Eudromaeosauria", "clade:Saurornitholestinae", "genus:38567" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "132125", "38567" ], "candidateIds": [ "132125", "38567" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "347241", "name": "Savannasaurus", "displayName": "Savannasaurus", "attribution": "Poropat et al. 2016", "rawAttribution": "Poropat et al. 2016", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=347241", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Diamantinasauria", "Savannasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "432385", "347241" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=347241", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Oceania" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Savannasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=347241" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "347241", "genus": "Savannasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1145035", "collectionId": "62553", "identifiedName": "Savannasaurus elliottorum", "acceptedName": "Savannasaurus elliottorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "88408", "collectionReferenceId": "36633", "cc": "AU", "state": "Queensland", "county": "", "formation": "Winton", "member": "", "geological_group": "Rolling Downs", "collection_name": "Elliot Site (QM L1333/AODL 001)", "collection_aka": "Elliot/Mary sector, D31, Belmont, Winton; AODL 127", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "pollen zone inferred from nearby localities\r\n\r\nTucker et al. 2013 and Tucker et al. 2016 detrital zircon analysis suggest a maximum depositional age of 94–92Ma for the Winton Formation. The underlying upper Mackunda Formation had a maximum depositional age of 104–102Ma, suggesting that the base of the Winton Formation could be no older than Latest Albian.", "geogcomments": "on a sheep station ca. 70 km NE of Winton; in the \"Elliot/Mary sector\" of the \"Elliot Site\"" }, { "genusId": "347241", "genus": "Savannasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1346460", "collectionId": "153781", "identifiedName": "Savannasaurus elliottorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Savannasaurus elliottorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "60643", "collectionReferenceId": "60643", "cc": "AU", "state": "Queensland", "county": "", "formation": "Winton", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ho-Hum site, Belmont Station (AODL 0082)", "collection_aka": "Winton; AODL 82", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Tucker et al. 2013 and Tucker et al. 2016 detrital zircon analysis suggest a maximum depositional age of 94–92Ma for the Winton Formation. The underlying upper Mackunda Formation had a maximum depositional age of 104–102Ma, suggesting that the base of the Winton Formation could be no older than Latest Albian.", "geogcomments": "Ho-Hum site, Belmont Station, near Winton" }, { "genusId": "347241", "genus": "Savannasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1654700", "collectionId": "234751", "identifiedName": "Savannasaurus elliottorum", "acceptedName": "Savannasaurus elliottorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "88408", "collectionReferenceId": "88408", "cc": "AU", "state": "Queensland", "county": "", "formation": "Winton", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AODL 0137, Elderslie Station", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper Winton Formation", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Diamantinasauria", "Savannasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Diamantinasauria", "genus:347241" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148968", "347241", "148970" ], "candidateIds": [ "148968", "347241", "148970" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "162571", "name": "Scansoriopteryx", "displayName": "Scansoriopteryx", "attribution": "Czerkas and Yuan 2002", "rawAttribution": "Czerkas and Yuan 2002", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=162571", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Scansoriopterygidae", "Scansoriopteryx" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "137497", "162571" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "This conservative unknown set prevents misleading carnivore certainty; it is not an assertion that herbivory or omnivory is demonstrated. Use another clue unless narrower reviewed anatomical evidence is supplied.; Coelurosauria/Paraves/Maniraptora alone is not a uniform ecological bracket. This task has no attributable genus-specific feeding evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=162571", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Scansoriopteryx", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=162571" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "162571", "genus": "Scansoriopteryx", "occurrenceId": "877682", "collectionId": "13937", "identifiedName": "Scansoriopteryx heilmanni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Scansoriopteryx heilmanni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31891", "collectionReferenceId": "6171", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Lingyuan", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Dawangzhangzi", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Dawangzhangzi", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "thought to be Barremian by Li and Luo 2006 based on Yixian Formation radioisotopic dates. From the Dawangzhangzhi Beds", "geogcomments": "Lat/Long taken for Dawangzhangzi township" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Synonymy with Epidendrosaurus has a published basis; priority discussions disagree over electronic versus printed availability. Type age and locality are not securely solved by spelling choice.", "references": [ { "id": "agnolin2019", "title": "Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.3389/feart.2018.00252", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2018.00252/full", "access": "full_primary_review_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygidae discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Reviews Epidendrosaurus/Scansoriopteryx synonymy and earlier priority interpretation. It does not constitute an ICZN Opinion." }, { "id": "harris2004", "title": "Published works in the electronic age: recommended amendments to Articles 8 and 9 of the Code", "publicationYear": 2004, "publicationDate": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://cactus.utahtech.edu/jharris/ICZN_and_DOIs.pdf", "access": "primary_search_indexed_excerpt_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "BZN 61(3):138–148. Electronic versus printed publication issue is a published discussion, not a discovered Commission ruling. Full PDF was unavailable." } ] } ], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Synonymy with Epidendrosaurus has a published basis; priority discussions disagree over electronic versus printed availability. Type age and locality are not securely solved by spelling choice.", "references": [ { "id": "agnolin2019", "title": "Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.3389/feart.2018.00252", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2018.00252/full", "access": "full_primary_review_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygidae discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Reviews Epidendrosaurus/Scansoriopteryx synonymy and earlier priority interpretation. It does not constitute an ICZN Opinion." }, { "id": "harris2004", "title": "Published works in the electronic age: recommended amendments to Articles 8 and 9 of the Code", "publicationYear": 2004, "publicationDate": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://cactus.utahtech.edu/jharris/ICZN_and_DOIs.pdf", "access": "primary_search_indexed_excerpt_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "BZN 61(3):138–148. Electronic versus printed publication issue is a published discussion, not a discovered Commission ruling. Full PDF was unavailable." } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Scansoriopterygidae", "Scansoriopteryx" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] }, { "id": "162571", "rationale": "Keep stable scansoriopterygid grouping under Maniraptora; avoid requiring disputed paravian/avialan position. Epidexipteryx shallow source parent is inconsistent with diagnosed group.", "references": [ { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." }, { "id": "pennaraptor2020", "title": "Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress and New Frontiers", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.440.1.1", "doi": "10.1206/0003-0090.440.1.1", "year": 2020, "access": "Publisher original review extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Epidexipteryx treated as scansoriopterygid with Yi, Ambopteryx and Epidendrosaurus." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Scansoriopterygidae", "genus:162571" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "38801", "name": "Scelidosaurus", "displayName": "Scelidosaurus", "attribution": "Owen 1859", "rawAttribution": "Owen 1859", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38801", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Scelidosauridae", "Scelidosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "38799", "38801" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic", "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38801", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Scelidosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38801" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38801", "genus": "Scelidosaurus", "occurrenceId": "269492", "collectionId": "25838", "identifiedName": "cf. Scelidosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Scelidosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14852", "collectionReferenceId": "14852", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Lias", "collection_name": "soft-tissue Scelidosaurus site, Charmouth?", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "basin", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "matrix resembles those from Lias Group nodules, but other Jurassic localities cannot be ruled out", "geogcomments": "unknown locality in the Lower Jurassic (Liassic) beds of England; some similarity to materials from Leicestershire and Charmouth, Dorset. Coordinates are for Charmouth." }, { "genusId": "38801", "genus": "Scelidosaurus", "occurrenceId": "518739", "collectionId": "52749", "identifiedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "acceptedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78792", "collectionReferenceId": "54253", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Charmouth Mudstone", "member": "Black Ven Marl", "geological_group": "Lias", "collection_name": "Scelidosaurus juvenile, Charmouth beach (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "probably from the Topstones Bed", "geogcomments": "from beach at Charmouth" }, { "genusId": "38801", "genus": "Scelidosaurus", "occurrenceId": "784476", "collectionId": "84559", "identifiedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "acceptedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28369", "collectionReferenceId": "28369", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Charmouth Mudstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Lias", "collection_name": "Black Ven landslip", "collection_aka": "landslide", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from the Topstones Bed (Obtusum zone)", "geogcomments": "Black Ven landslip (landslide), on the beach W of Charmouth beach car park" }, { "genusId": "38801", "genus": "Scelidosaurus", "occurrenceId": "834142", "collectionId": "92715", "identifiedName": "Scelidosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Scelidosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42764", "collectionReferenceId": "42764", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Charmouth Mudstone", "member": "Belemnite Marl", "geological_group": "Lias", "collection_name": "west of Seatown", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "top of the Belemite Marls", "geogcomments": "on foreshore west of Seatown; SY 471 917" }, { "genusId": "38801", "genus": "Scelidosaurus", "occurrenceId": "869797", "collectionId": "96467", "identifiedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "acceptedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78792", "collectionReferenceId": "31248", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Charmouth Mudstone", "member": "Black Ven Marl", "geological_group": "Lias", "collection_name": "foot of Black Ven, Charmouth", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "exact level unclear - could be Coinstone of the Black Ven Marls, or Hummocky Bed at contact with Belemnite Marls", "geogcomments": "near foot of Black Ven, along cliff, near Charmouth. Between SY359/360931." }, { "genusId": "38801", "genus": "Scelidosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1104636", "collectionId": "139588", "identifiedName": "cf. Scelidosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Scelidosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86232", "collectionReferenceId": "23520", "cc": "UK", "state": "Northern Ireland", "county": "Antrim", "formation": "Waterloo Mudstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Lias", "collection_name": "The Gobbins, Islandmagee", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from among boulders and shingle on the beach at The Gobbins, E coast of Islandmagee; (Grid ref. J485968; 54.799° N, 5.690° W)" }, { "genusId": "38801", "genus": "Scelidosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1252930", "collectionId": "165590", "identifiedName": "Scelidosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Scelidosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46057", "collectionReferenceId": "46057", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xizang", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "Duogaila", "geological_group": "Daye", "collection_name": "Changdu", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Changu area" }, { "genusId": "38801", "genus": "Scelidosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1346306", "collectionId": "52260", "identifiedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31216", "collectionReferenceId": "12214", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Charmouth Mudstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Lias", "collection_name": 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"1583783", "collectionId": "223810", "identifiedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "acceptedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78792", "collectionReferenceId": "78792", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Charmouth Mudstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Lias", "collection_name": "Black Ven, Charmouth (BRSMG)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "horizon undisclosed", "geogcomments": "near Black Ven, Charmouth" }, { "genusId": "38801", "genus": "Scelidosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1583784", "collectionId": "223811", "identifiedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "acceptedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78792", "collectionReferenceId": "78792", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Charmouth Mudstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Lias", "collection_name": "Charmouth (BRSMG) [general]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "several discoveries in the Charmouth area" }, { "genusId": "38801", "genus": "Scelidosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1583785", "collectionId": "223812", "identifiedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "acceptedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78792", "collectionReferenceId": "78792", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Dorset", "formation": "Charmouth Mudstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Lias", "collection_name": "Black Ven, Charmouth (CAMSM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "horizon undisclosed", "geogcomments": "near Black Ven, Charmouth" }, { "genusId": "38801", "genus": "Scelidosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1583786", "collectionId": "223813", "identifiedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "acceptedName": "Scelidosaurus harrisonii", "qualified": false, 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"64405", "38801" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "423027", "name": "Schleitheimia", "displayName": "Schleitheimia", "attribution": "Rauhut et al. 2020", "rawAttribution": "Rauhut et al. 2020", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=423027", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Schleitheimia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "423027" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Sauropodiformes › Schleitheimia; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Plant dependence is broadly supported by craniodental evolution; feeding specialisation varies and exclusivity is not assumed.", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=423027", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Schleitheimia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=423027" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "423027", "genus": "Schleitheimia", "occurrenceId": "1514433", "collectionId": "47806", "identifiedName": "Schleitheimia schutzi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Schleitheimia schutzi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "72985", "collectionReferenceId": "12799", "cc": "CH", "state": "Schaffhausen", "county": "", "formation": "Klettgau", "member": "Gruhalde", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Santierge, Schleitheim", "collection_aka": "Schleitheim-Santierge", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Bratelen Bonebed (“Rhät-Bonebed”), was most probably derived from the uppermost part of the 'Zanclodonmergel‘(= Knollenmergel), now called Gruhalde Member of the Klettgau Formation, uppermost Norian", "geogcomments": "Santierge, a hill situated 900 m south of the church of Schleitheim in the Swiss Canton Schaffhausen" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Schleitheimia" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "genus:423027" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38647", "423027" ], "candidateIds": [ "38647", "423027" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "57427", "name": "Scipionyx", "displayName": "Scipionyx", "attribution": "Dal Sasso and Signore 1996", "rawAttribution": "Dal Sasso and Signore 1996", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57427", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Compsognathidae", "Scipionyx" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "38537", "57427" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. 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Coordinates given as 41°20'52.18\"N, 14°32'53.33\"E (NOT, as incorrectly reported elsewhere, 45°77'43.1\"N, 24°82'22.8\"E)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Scipionyx" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "compsognathid-grades", "rationale": "Avoid insisting on a traditional compsognathid clade when 2024/2025 character analyses dispute it; use broad Coelurosauria until precise original taxon reviews.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "qiu2025", "title": "Two new compsognathid-like theropods show diversified predation strategies in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11970238/", "doi": "10.1093/nsr/nwaf068", "year": 2025, "access": "Full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Jehol compsognathid-like theropods recovered as Sinosauropterygidae, while Compsognathus not included." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "genus:57427" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38527", "57427" ], "candidateIds": [ "38527", "57427" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "240620", "name": "Sciurumimus", "displayName": "Sciurumimus", "attribution": "Rauhut et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Rauhut et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=240620", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Sciurumimus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "240620" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=240620", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sciurumimus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=240620" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "240620", "genus": "Sciurumimus", "occurrenceId": "1052616", "collectionId": "130048", "identifiedName": "Sciurumimus albersdoerferi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sciurumimus albersdoerferi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42198", "collectionReferenceId": "42198", "cc": "DE", "state": "Bayern", "county": "", "formation": "Torleite", "member": "Arnstorf", "geological_group": "Weißjura", "collection_name": "Rygol Quarry, Painten", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "equivalent to upper part of Rögling Formation, Beckeri zone, Ulmense subzone, rebouletianum horizon\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "Rygol Quarry, near Painten" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Sciurumimus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "genus:240620" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "240620" ], "candidateIds": [ "240620" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66258", "name": "Scolosaurus", "displayName": "Scolosaurus", "attribution": "Nopcsa 1928", "rawAttribution": "Nopcsa 1928", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66258", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Euoplocephalini", "Scolosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52798", "374251", "66258" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66258", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Scolosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66258" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66258", "genus": "Scolosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565085", "collectionId": "59015", "identifiedName": "Scolosaurus cutleri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Scolosaurus cutleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62853", "collectionReferenceId": "62853", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 80, Deadlodge Canyon", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 105, Scolosaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "About halfway up Dead Lodge Canyon (ca. 200 ft. from top), 0.5 mi. below Happy Jack Ferry, on the Red Deer River. \r\n\r\nAn exact location including latitude, longitude, and elevation were given in Currie and Russell (2005) but Darren Tanke (pers. comm., 2010) believes this is not the Scolosaurus quarry which may actually be a different quarry lying near the base of the Dinosaur Park Formation (Paul, 2013)" }, { "genusId": "66258", "genus": "Scolosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565104", "collectionId": "59023", "identifiedName": "Scolosaurus cutleri", "acceptedName": "Scolosaurus cutleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "33225", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 89, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 60, A.M.3", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 8, T21N, R11W, W 4th meridian; 12 mi. below Steveville, R bank, 75 ft above river" }, { "genusId": "66258", "genus": "Scolosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1134977", "collectionId": "144551", "identifiedName": "Scolosaurus thronus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Scolosaurus thronus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "62883", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 41, Red Deer River", "collection_aka": "Deadlodge Canyon, Dead Lodge Canyon, Sternberg Quarry 112, ROM, G.S.C.10", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "South side of Red Deer River, 3 miles above “Happy Jack Ferry” (Belly River Fm., Dead Lodge Canyon)\r\n" }, { "genusId": "66258", "genus": "Scolosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1418160", "collectionId": "196419", "identifiedName": "Scolosaurus thronus", "acceptedName": "Scolosaurus thronus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66472", "collectionReferenceId": "16964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP U110", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 465,020 E, 5621140 N" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Euoplocephalini", "Scolosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "clade:Ankylosaurinae", "clade:Euoplocephalini", "genus:66258" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "candidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38802", "name": "Scutellosaurus", "displayName": "Scutellosaurus", "attribution": "Colbert 1981", "rawAttribution": "Colbert 1981", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38802", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Scutellosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "38802" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38802", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Scutellosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38802" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "149981", "collectionId": "13279", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4405", "collectionReferenceId": "4405", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "West Moenkopi Plateau (MNA 219)", "collection_aka": "Ward Terrace", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "80 km NE of Flagstaff, AZ, at West Moenkopi Plateau on the Ward Terrace. Within the Navajo Indian Reservation, about 10 km SW of Sand Springs, AZ. Locality is about 0.5 km SE of Rock Head (topographic feature)." }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "149982", "collectionId": "13280", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4405", "collectionReferenceId": "4405", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Gold Spring Wash (MNA 291, MCZ 77 AR/4, TMM 43699)", "collection_aka": "Ward Terrace", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along Gold Spring Wash, about 16 km NW of MNA 219; on Ward Terrace along the Adeii Eechii Cliffs." }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513170", "collectionId": "51894", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12373", "collectionReferenceId": "12373", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Gold Spring 1 (UCMP V85013)", "collection_aka": "Gold Springs 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "third \"blue\" horizon below Lower Blue", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513180", "collectionId": "51898", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77736", "collectionReferenceId": "12373", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "UCMP V84235, Red Knob", "collection_aka": "Silty Facies", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540446", "collectionId": "214349", "identifiedName": "cf. Scutellosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74898", "collectionReferenceId": "73901", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Paiute North 1 (TMM 43691)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the ‘candy-stripe layer’ of the Silty Facies of the Kayenta Formation", "geogcomments": "Locality TMM 43691, Paiute North 1, near Paiute Canyon, Coconino County, Navajo Nation, Arizona" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540447", "collectionId": "216631", "identifiedName": "cf. Scutellosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43930", "collectionReferenceId": "43930", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Willow Spring General (TMM 43690)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Willow Spring" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540448", "collectionId": "27716", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43930", "collectionReferenceId": "12356", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Gold Spring Quarry 1 (MNA, MCZ, TMM 45609)", "collection_aka": "Harvard University Gold Springs Quarry, Eocaecilia Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Palynoflorulle, Scelidosaurus scutes, and magnetostratigraphy suggests Kayenta may be Sinemurian and/or Pliensbachian (Curtis and Padian 1999). Oligokyphus collected from the middle third of the Kayenta sequence (Sues 1985).", "geogcomments": "\"Harvard University Gold Spring Quarry...is located on the Adeii Eechii Cliffs on Ward Terrace, approximately 25 km southeast of Cameron.\" Lat long of 35º 45' 47\" N 111º 5' 21\" Wis stated in Jenkins et al. (1983). Approximately one mile (1.6 km) WSW from Gold Spring (U.S.G.S. 7.5 minute topographic sheet, Gold Spring Quadrangle) on the land of the Navajo Indian Nation, Coconino Co., Arizona (Sues 1985). Lat long of 35º 45' 35\" N 111º 4' 51\" Wis stated in Jenkins and Walsh (1993)." }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540467", "collectionId": "216632", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74900", "collectionReferenceId": "74898", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Paiute Canyon General (TMM 43648)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Locality TMM 43648, Paiute Canyon General, Coconino County, Navajo Nation, Arizona" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540469", "collectionId": "216633", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74898", "collectionReferenceId": "74898", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "East Paiute Valley No. 1 (TMM 43663)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Locality TMM 43663, East Paiute Valley No. 1, Coconino County, Navajo Nation, Arizona" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540470", "collectionId": "216634", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74898", "collectionReferenceId": "74898", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "East Paiute Valley No. 2 (TMM 43664)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Locality TMM 43664, East Paiute Valley No. 2, Coconino County, Navajo Nation, Arizona" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540474", "collectionId": "216635", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74898", "collectionReferenceId": "74898", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Southwest Paiute Canyon (TMM 47001)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Locality TMM 47001, Southwest Paiute Canyon, Coconino County, Navajo Nation, Arizona" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540475", "collectionId": "216636", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74898", "collectionReferenceId": "74898", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Gold Spring South (TMM 45608)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Locality TMM 45608, Gold Spring S, near Gold Spring, Coconino County, Arizona" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540481", "collectionId": "216637", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74898", "collectionReferenceId": "74898", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Hummingbird Canyon (TMM 43647) [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Locality TMM 43647, Hummingbird Canyon, Coconino County, Arizona" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540484", "collectionId": "216638", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74898", "collectionReferenceId": "74898", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Gerald's Turtle (TMM 43656) [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Locality TMM 43565, Gerald’s Turtle, Coconino County, Arizona" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540490", "collectionId": "214349", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74898", "collectionReferenceId": "73901", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Paiute North 1 (TMM 43691)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the ‘candy-stripe layer’ of the Silty Facies of the Kayenta Formation", "geogcomments": "Locality TMM 43691, Paiute North 1, near Paiute Canyon, Coconino County, Navajo Nation, Arizona" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540506", "collectionId": "216641", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74898", "collectionReferenceId": "74898", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Ted’s Turtle 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"occurrenceId": "1540517", "collectionId": "27716", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Approximately one mile (1.6 km) WSW from Gold Spring (U.S.G.S. 7.5 minute topographic sheet, Gold Spring Quadrangle) on the land of the Navajo Indian Nation, Coconino Co., Arizona (Sues 1985). Lat long of 35º 45' 35\" N 111º 4' 51\" Wis stated in Jenkins and Walsh (1993)." }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540525", "collectionId": "27716", "identifiedName": "? Scutellosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74900", "collectionReferenceId": "12356", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Gold Spring Quarry 1 (MNA, MCZ, TMM 45609)", "collection_aka": "Harvard University Gold Springs Quarry, Eocaecilia Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Palynoflorulle, Scelidosaurus scutes, and magnetostratigraphy suggests Kayenta may be Sinemurian and/or Pliensbachian (Curtis and Padian 1999). Oligokyphus collected from the middle third of the Kayenta sequence (Sues 1985).", "geogcomments": "\"Harvard University Gold Spring Quarry...is located on the Adeii Eechii Cliffs on Ward Terrace, approximately 25 km southeast of Cameron.\" Lat long of 35º 45' 47\" N 111º 5' 21\" Wis stated in Jenkins et al. (1983). Approximately one mile (1.6 km) WSW from Gold Spring (U.S.G.S. 7.5 minute topographic sheet, Gold Spring Quadrangle) on the land of the Navajo Indian Nation, Coconino Co., Arizona (Sues 1985). Lat long of 35º 45' 35\" N 111º 4' 51\" Wis stated in Jenkins and Walsh (1993)." }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540528", "collectionId": "13280", "identifiedName": "cf. Scutellosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74898", "collectionReferenceId": "4405", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Gold Spring Wash (MNA 291, MCZ 77 AR/4, TMM 43699)", "collection_aka": "Ward Terrace", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along Gold Spring Wash, about 16 km NW of MNA 219; on Ward Terrace along the Adeii Eechii Cliffs." }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540534", "collectionId": "216645", "identifiedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "acceptedName": "Scutellosaurus lawleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74898", "collectionReferenceId": "74898", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Coconino", "formation": "Kayenta", "member": "Silty Facies", "geological_group": "Glen Canyon", "collection_name": "Gold Spring General (TMM 43687)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Locality TMM 43687, Gold Spring General, near Gold Spring, Coconino County, Arizona" }, { "genusId": "38802", "genus": "Scutellosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1540535", "collectionId": "216645", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38781", "name": "Secernosaurus", "displayName": "Secernosaurus", "attribution": "Brett-Surman 1979", "rawAttribution": "Brett-Surman 1979", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38781", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Kritosaurini", "Secernosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "267712", "38781" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38781", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Secernosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38781" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38781", "genus": "Secernosaurus", "occurrenceId": "561811", "collectionId": "58574", "identifiedName": "Secernosaurus koerneri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Secernosaurus koerneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12425", "collectionReferenceId": "12425", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "", "formation": "Lago Colhué Huapi", "member": "", "geological_group": "Chubut", "collection_name": "Lago Colhue Huapi, Rio Chico (FMNH)", "collection_aka": "Secernosaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Age corrected to Late Maastrichtian in Ibiricu et al. 2021", "geogcomments": "2 miles east of Lago Colhue Huapi and the head of Río Chico, Chubut Province (Prieto-Marquez and Salinas 2010). 4 km from mouth of Río Chico." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Secernosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "hadrosaur-saurolophine-working-model", "rationale": "Reconcile imported traditional crestless-hadrosaur branches with the chosen basal-Hadrosaurus topology; preserve all finer descendants and apply the Hadrosaurus genus override last. This is a topology choice, not a synonym assertion.", "references": [ { "id": "addendum-madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary article indexed full-text extracts of the Hadrosaurinae, Saurolophinae and Brachylophosaurini entries; direct PMC open CAPTCHA and PeerJ open 403.", "finding": "Hadrosaurinae has Hadrosaurus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier. Saurolophinae has Saurolophus as internal specifier and Lambeosaurus as external specifier, with an additional exclusion condition for Hadrosaurus. These names are topology-dependent alternatives for the Saurolophus branch; they are not unconditional synonyms. Brachylophosaurini explicitly excludes Hadrosaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn656search0", "turn659search0" ] }, { "id": "addendum-ma2026", "title": "First Report of a Hollow Cranial Crest in an Early-Diverging Duck-Billed Dinosaur, with Implications for Convergent Evolution of Acoustic Signaling", "doi": "10.3390/biology15080615", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/15/8/615", "year": 2026, "published": "2026-04-13", "access": "Primary publisher indexed full-text section 5; direct open 429.", "finding": "Updated hadrosauroid analysis recovers Hadrosaurus as the earliest-diverging hadrosaurid, separate from Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae. This supplies a recent primary precedent for the chosen basal placement.", "webRefs": [ "turn670search0" ] } ] }, { "id": "38781", "rationale": "Use broad Saurolophinae because the reviewed South American clade is outside formal Kritosaurini; its source tribe is not retained.", "references": [ { "id": "addendum-alarcon2023", "title": "Relict duck-billed dinosaurs survived into the last age of the dinosaurs in subantarctic Chile", "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.adg2456", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10275600/", "year": 2023, "access": "Primary article indexed full text of phylogenetic discussion and methods; publisher/PMC direct open unavailable.", "finding": "South American derived hadrosaurids form Austrokritosauria, sister to rather than nested within Kritosaurini. Conservative addendum removes tribe assignments from Huallasaurus, Kelumapusaura, Secernosaurus and Bonapartesaurus, retaining broad Saurolophinae.", "webRefs": [ "turn669search0" ] } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "clade:Hadrosauridae", "clade:Saurolophinae", "genus:38781" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "516650", "66592", "358686", "461658", "461656", "305972", "38781" ], "candidateIds": [ "38781" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "lago colhué huapi" ], "label": "Lago Colhué Huapi Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "561811", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Secernosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ahshislesaurus", "Anasazisaurus", "Bonapartesaurus", "Huallasaurus", "Kelumapusaura", "Rhinorex" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Secernosaurus": [ "561811" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38781" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38711", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Segnosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38711" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38711", "genus": "Segnosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1345735", "collectionId": "182216", "identifiedName": "Segnosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Segnosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92221", "collectionReferenceId": "60601", "cc": "JP", "state": "Kumamoto", "county": "Kamimashiki", "formation": "Jobu", "member": "", "geological_group": "Mifune", "collection_name": "Amagimi Dam, Tashiro (loc. no. 4)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 1004", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "upper stream exposure near Amagimi Dam, at Tashiro, Mifune-cho, Kamimashiki-Gun, Kunamoto Prefecture" }, { "genusId": "38711", "genus": "Segnosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1345736", "collectionId": "182217", "identifiedName": "Segnosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Segnosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92221", "collectionReferenceId": "60601", "cc": "JP", "state": "Kumamoto", "county": "Kamimashiki", "formation": "Jobu", "member": "", "geological_group": "Mifune", "collection_name": "Amagimi Dam, Tashiro (loc. no. 14)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 1004", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "upper roadside exposure near Amagimi Dam, at Tashiro, Mifune-cho, Kamimashiki-Gun, Kunamoto Prefecture" }, { "genusId": "38711", "genus": "Segnosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1350015", "collectionId": "79724", "identifiedName": "Segnosaurus galbinensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Segnosaurus galbinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13910", "collectionReferenceId": "13890", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Amtgay [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Amtgai Khuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Bainshirenskaya, Bayn Shire\r\n\r\nKurumada et al. 2020: Two meaningful calcite U–Pb ages were obtained; 95.9 ± 6.0 and 89.6 ± 4.0 Ma, which are consistent with published ages from the Bayn Shire Formation.", "geogcomments": "Amtgai (Amtgay), approximate location NW of Bayshin Stav used for coordinates" }, { "genusId": "38711", "genus": "Segnosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1589309", "collectionId": "67974", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Use another clue unless narrower reviewed anatomical evidence is supplied.; Coelurosauria/Paraves/Maniraptora alone is not a uniform ecological bracket. This task has no attributable genus-specific feeding evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372484", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Serikornis", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372484" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "372484", "genus": "Serikornis", "occurrenceId": "1407965", "collectionId": "91487", "identifiedName": "Serikornis sungei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Serikornis sungei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66127", "collectionReferenceId": "30823", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Jianchang", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Daxishan", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"The Tiaojishan Formation is generally regarded as Middle (Zhang & Zheng 1991; Liu et al. 2006; Cheng & Li 2007) to Upper Jurassic (Chang et al. 2009) (Late Bathonian-Early Kimmeridgian) in age, although it may date to the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) in Jianchang County (Davis et al. 2001). The unit has been dated using radiometric techniques at 169-152 Mya by Liu et al. (2006) and 165-156 Mya by Zhang et al. (2008).\" (Lü et al. 2010, Proceedings B: supplement)\r\n\r\n160 Ma according to Bi et al 2014 (supp info)", "geogcomments": "\"Daxishan locality, Jianchang County\" (coordinate based on Daxishan)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Serikornis" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] }, { "id": "372484", "rationale": "Use stable Paraves rather than inconsistent Troodontidae/Anchiornithidae fine assignments. Do not use a working move to alter PBDB-defined bird-subtree roster scope.", "references": [ { "id": "foth2017", "title": "Re-evaluation of the Haarlem Archaeopteryx and the radiation of maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5712154/", "doi": "10.1186/s12862-017-1076-y", "year": 2017, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ostromia and Anchiornis placed within Anchiornithidae near early avialans; conflicts with troodontid placement." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "genus:372484" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "255864", "38565", "68247", "372484", "193133" ], "candidateIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning" ], "label": "Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "1407965", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Eosinopteryx", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Caihong", "Paronychodon", "Pedopenna" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anchiornis": [ "829458", "929493", "1191912" ], "Eosinopteryx": [ "1097931" ], "Serikornis": [ "1407965" ], "Xiaotingia": [ "964027" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "52794", "name": "Shamosaurus", "displayName": "Shamosaurus", "attribution": "Tumanova 1983", "rawAttribution": "Tumanova 1983", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52794", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Shamosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52794" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52794", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Shamosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52794" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "52794", "genus": "Shamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "343953", "collectionId": "32362", "identifiedName": "Shamosaurus scutatus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Shamosaurus scutatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26795", "collectionReferenceId": "33967", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Dzunbain", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chamrin-Us (PIN coll. 3779) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Khamareen Us, Gashunu-Chuduk, Khamryn-Us, Gashun-Khuduk, Gashuuny Khudag", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "60 m thick strata - called Chuchtuksk = Khukhtyk = Dzunbain = Dzunbayn = Zuunbayan Formation", "geogcomments": "Chamrin-Us (= Gashunu-Chuduk), southeastern Gobi, 160 km SE from city of Sain-Chandi, on NW side of Barun-Chadun-Chiar butte" }, { "genusId": "52794", "genus": "Shamosaurus", "occurrenceId": "741711", "collectionId": "77191", "identifiedName": "Shamosaurus scutatus", "acceptedName": "Shamosaurus scutatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26796", "collectionReferenceId": "30554", "cc": "MN", "state": "Övörkhangai", "county": "Guchin Us", "formation": "Dzunbain", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khovboor (PIN coll. 3101) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Guchin Us Somon; Khoobur; Khobur; Khoboor; Hobur; Höövör; Khoboor, Guchinus, Khovur", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Lower Cretaceous (possibly Aptian)\" and from the Khukhtekskaya Svita = Dzunbayn = Dzunbain Formation according to Dashzeveg 1975, but \"? Aptian or Albian\" according to Wible et al. 2001. Shown in column as \"Khobur\" beds (Shuvalov, 1974).\r\n\r\nAlifanov 2019: assumed to belong to the Hühteeg Horizon without formal assignment to any formation identified in Mongolia and are dated either to the Aptian age including the Albian age (Shuvalov, 2000) or to the late Aptian age and the entire Albian age (Lucas, 2006). According to our preliminary data, the Hühteeg Horizon corresponds to the time interval that includes the late Aptian and early Albian ages.", "geogcomments": "a single site \"in Guchin Us somon (county) in the province (aymak) of Arvaykher\" (coordinate based on Guchin Us)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Shamosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "genus:52794" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57228", "302920", "484516", "84234", "500588", "68244", "52794" ], "candidateIds": [ "52794" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "MN", "dornogov" ], "label": "Dornogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "343953", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Shamosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bissektipelta", "Chuanqilong", "Datai", "Gobisaurus", "Huaxiazhoulong", "Liaoningosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Shamosaurus": [ "343953" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "52794" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "96499", "name": "Shanag", "displayName": "Shanag", "attribution": "Turner et al. 2007", "rawAttribution": "Turner et al. 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=96499", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Microraptorinae", "Shanag" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "72105", "96499" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=96499", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Shanag", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=96499" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "96499", "genus": "Shanag", "occurrenceId": "649434", "collectionId": "70140", "identifiedName": "Shanag ashile n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Shanag ashile", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23562", "collectionReferenceId": "23567", "cc": "MN", "state": "Ovorkhangai", "county": "", "formation": "Öösh", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "northeastern end, Öösh locality (AMNH/IGM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally Ondai Sair Fm.; also called Oshih Fm. = Tevsh Fm.; assigned to the Khukhtekskaya (Hüteeg Svita)", "geogcomments": "NE end of outcrops, Artsa Bogdo, Öösh/Oshih Basin (Ashile), a desert hollow 40 km N of Artsa Bodgo Range, 64 km W of type Djadokhta Fm. at Bayn Dzak" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Microraptorinae", "Shanag" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Microraptorinae", "genus:96499" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "299732", "146456", "523876", "68238", "96499", "68204", "391290" ], "candidateIds": [ "96499" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "öösh" ], "label": "Öösh Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "649434", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Shanag" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Changyuraptor", "Graciliraptor", "Jian", "Microraptor", "Sinornithosaurus", "Zhongjianosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Shanag": [ "649434" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "96499" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38776", "name": "Shantungosaurus", "displayName": "Shantungosaurus", "attribution": "Hu 1973", "rawAttribution": "Hu 1973", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38776", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Edmontosaurini", "Shantungosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "320933", "38776" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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(2015).\r\n\r\nOriginally assigned to Lufeng but ascribed to Upper Jurassic based on vertebrate fossils. Considered base (lower member) of Upper Lufeng and thus early Middle Jurassic by Wu et al. 2009 (equivalent to Chuanjie Fm.)", "geogcomments": "S slope of hill, 50 m from highway connecting Kunming and Dali. Approx. 20 km S/SE of Lufeng, near Lao Chang Qing (= Laochangjing), A'na village, Chuanjie township, Lufeng county (GPS: 24°58'20.84\"N, 102° 4'34.31\"E)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Metriacanthosauridae", "Shidaisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Metriacanthosauridae", "genus:143653" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "496614", "143653", "38594", "519536" ], "candidateIds": [ "496614", "143653", "38594", "519536" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "359110", "name": "Shingopana", "displayName": "Shingopana", "attribution": "Gorscak et al. 2017", "rawAttribution": "Gorscak et al. 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=359110", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Shingopana" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "71974", "359110" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=359110", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Shingopana", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=359110" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "359110", "genus": "Shingopana", "occurrenceId": "1377315", "collectionId": "46888", "identifiedName": "Shingopana songwensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Shingopana songwensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63147", "collectionReferenceId": "12458", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Mbeya", "county": "", "formation": "Galula", "member": "Namba", "geological_group": "Red Sandstone", "collection_name": "TZ-07, Rukwa Valley", "collection_aka": "RRBP TZ-07", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper portion of the Namba Member of the Galula Formation\r\n\r\nOriginally thought to be Aptian-Cenomanian, but new dates indicate either Cenomanian-Santonian or Campanian (Widlansky et al. 2018)", "geogcomments": "Mbeya district, SW Tanzania, 20 km W of Mbeya" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Shingopana" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "genus:359110" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57455", "64373", "359110", "294729" ], "candidateIds": [ "57455", "64373", "359110", "294729" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "424325", "name": "Shishugounykus", "displayName": "Shishugounykus", "attribution": "Qin et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Qin et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=424325", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Shishugounykus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "424325" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Do not assign obligate ant/termite diet from later alvarezsaur anatomy.; Early alvarezsaur/predatory coelurosaur bracket", "references": [ { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] }, { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=424325", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Shishugounykus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=424325" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "424325", "genus": "Shishugounykus", "occurrenceId": "1519629", "collectionId": "212362", "identifiedName": "Shishugounykus inexpectus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Shishugounykus inexpectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73370", "collectionReferenceId": "73370", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Shishugou", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shishugounykus site, Wucaiwan [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"The holotype-fossil-bearing bed is located between two volcanic tuff layers with radiometric (40Ar/39Ar) ages of 161.2 ± 0.2 and 158.7 ± 0.3 Ma, respectively. The two tuff layers are separated by a section of fluvial sediments that is 90 meters thick, and assuming constant sedimentation rates this means that each meter of sediment is around 0.0278 million years, if the sedimentation rate was relatively constant. Based on a section thickness of 36 meters between the holotype-fossil-bearing bed and the lower tuff layer, we infer that the holotype-bearing bed is ∼160.2 Ma. Using a similar method, previous studies estimate the geological ages of the fossil-bearing beds for Aorun zhaoi (about 13 m below the lower tuff ) and Haplocheirus sollers (about 40 m above the lower tuff ) fossils are ∼161.6 Ma and ~160.1 Ma, respectively.\"", "geogcomments": "Wucaiwan, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Alvarezsauria", "Shishugounykus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "alvarezsaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Add conventional maniraptoran ancestors; this is chosen game topology, not proof every competing high-level analysis is false.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Alvarezsauria", "genus:424325" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267166", "424325" ], "candidateIds": [ "267166", "424325" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "87637", "name": "Shixinggia", "displayName": "Shixinggia", "attribution": "Lü and Zhang 2005", "rawAttribution": "Lü and Zhang 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=87637", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Oviraptoridae", "Heyuanninae", "Shixinggia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "38557", "427203", "87637" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=84661", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Shuangmiaosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=84661" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "84661", "genus": "Shuangmiaosaurus", "occurrenceId": "602120", "collectionId": "64018", "identifiedName": "Shuangmiaosaurus gilmorei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Shuangmiaosaurus gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18460", "collectionReferenceId": "18460", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Sunjiawan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shuangmiao, Beipiao", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "orig. \"early Late Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "Shuangmiao village, Beipiao city, Liaoning province" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Shuangmiaosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:84661" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "84661" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning", "beipiao" ], "label": "Beipiao · Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "602120", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Shuangmiaosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Shuangmiaosaurus": [ "602120" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "84661" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38660", "name": "Shunosaurus", "displayName": "Shunosaurus", "attribution": "Dong et al. 1983", "rawAttribution": "Dong et al. 1983", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38660", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Shunosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "38660" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38660", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Shunosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38660" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38660", "genus": "Shunosaurus", "occurrenceId": "295296", "collectionId": "28234", "identifiedName": "Shunosaurus lii", "acceptedName": "Shunosaurus lii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7755", "collectionReferenceId": "10371", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry [upper]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry, 10 km NE of Zigong, Sichuan Basin/Province, China. Near Heping." }, { "genusId": "38660", "genus": "Shunosaurus", "occurrenceId": "402864", "collectionId": "24883", "identifiedName": "Shunosaurus lii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Shunosaurus lii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17258", "collectionReferenceId": "6976", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry [lower]", "collection_aka": "Dashanpu Town", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating from this formation (but not this locality), Wang et al. (2018) suggested an Oxfordian age for the lower beds, rather than Middle Jurassic, with 159 ± 2 Ma as the maximum depositional age. However, from a section near the Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry, Ren et al. (2022) documented the youngest age for the zircon sample as 166.0 ± 1.59 Ma, and weighed average ages of the youngest subpopulation under the constraints of 1σ and 2σ are 170.9 ± 0.64 Ma and 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma, with a maximum confidence age of 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma selected as the final result.", "geogcomments": "Dashanpu quarry, 10 km NE of Zigong, Sichuan, China" }, { "genusId": "38660", "genus": "Shunosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1472811", "collectionId": "205726", "identifiedName": "Shunosaurus lii", "acceptedName": "Shunosaurus lii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77661", "collectionReferenceId": "70522", "cc": "CN", "state": "Chongqing", "county": "Yunyang", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Laojun Village, Pu’an Town", "collection_aka": "Puan \"Dinosaur Wall\"; Yunyang", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower to middle portion of the lower member of the Shaximiao Formation\r\nSeveral radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age: Dai et al. (2022) reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bathonian, based on zircon U-Pb ages of 166.0 ± 1.5 Ma (Zhou et al. 2022). ", "geogcomments": "Laojun Village, Pu’an Town, Yunyang County, Chongqing Municipality" }, { "genusId": "38660", "genus": "Shunosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1635453", "collectionId": "231910", "identifiedName": "Shunosaurus lii", "acceptedName": "Shunosaurus lii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85905", "collectionReferenceId": "85905", "cc": "CN", "state": "Chongqing", "county": "Yungyang", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pu’an Town, South", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38660", "genus": "Shunosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1639780", "collectionId": "232460", "identifiedName": "Shunosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Shunosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86568", "collectionReferenceId": "86568", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Weiyuan Anticline, Northwest", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "\"The locality occurs in the northwest of the Weiyuan anticline, about 15 km from the north oblique axis in strata with a gentle inclination of 2° to ~5°. The fossil site is at the bottom of the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, which measures ~60 m thick from the top of the Xintiangou Formation.\"", "geogcomments": "Qinglongshan Mountain, Zhujiamiao Village, Fuxing Town, Rong County, Zigong City, Sichuan Province" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Shunosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "genus:38660" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "52769", "67549", "514503", "519530", "270395", "38660" ], "candidateIds": [ "38660" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "chongqing" ], "label": "Chongqing · CN", "occurrenceId": "1635453", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Shunosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Datousaurus", "Ferganasaurus", "Huashanosaurus", "Jinchuanloong", "Nebulasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Shunosaurus": [ "1472811", "1635453" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38660" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66043", "name": "Shuvuuia", "displayName": "Shuvuuia", "attribution": "Chiappe et al. 1998", "rawAttribution": "Chiappe et al. 1998", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66043", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Parvicursorinae", "Shuvuuia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "162354", "64116", "68181", "66043" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. Animal-based feeding is the broad guild; later derived small forms may specialise on insects. Insectivore is a qualified subtype, not proof of exclusively ants or termites. Explicit early-genus profiles override this rule.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] }, { "id": "G3", "title": "Growth and miniaturization among alvarezsauroid dinosaurs", "authors": "Qin et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "citation verified in D6; full paper not read in this task", "dietSupport": "Used only as background for the later miniaturisation/insectivory hypothesis; not sufficient alone to assign a particular genus an exclusive insect diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66043", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Shuvuuia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66043" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66043", "genus": "Shuvuuia", "occurrenceId": "389060", "collectionId": "37184", "identifiedName": "Shuvuuia deserti n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Shuvuuia deserti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13618", "collectionReferenceId": "5757", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ukhaa Tolgod (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "Age is not well constrained for the Djadokhta Formation (Clark et al. 2001). \"Fossil vertebrate sites occur in the uppermost 65 m of a section...\" see Fig. 1b, Dashzeveg et al. (1995).\r\n\r\nDashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Ukhaa Tolgod \"is in the Nemegt Basins of the southwestern Gobi desert, about 10 km northwest of the village of Davs and 3 km southeast of Gilbent mountain (Fig 1a). It comprises several low hills, cliffs and gullies extending for about 7 km along a broad wash. The main concentration of specimens occurs in an amphitheatre (4 sq km) that marks the upper reaches of the wash.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 1995) Lat long is for Nemegt Mountains. " }, { "genusId": "66043", "genus": "Shuvuuia", "occurrenceId": "502070", "collectionId": "51033", "identifiedName": "Shuvuuia deserti", "acceptedName": "Shuvuuia deserti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13618", "collectionReferenceId": "14285", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tögrögiin Shiree [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire, Tugrikin-Shiren, Tugrugeen Shireh", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "66043", "genus": "Shuvuuia", "occurrenceId": "1271464", "collectionId": "129749", "identifiedName": "Shuvuuia deserti", "acceptedName": "Shuvuuia deserti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28193", "collectionReferenceId": "42153", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugrikin Shire II [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Arrived at Tugrikin Shire. The group set the camp on the top of pediment, 26.2 km from Bulgan. N: 44-13-58.3; E: 103-17-19.5; A: 1085 m\r\nBy short searching, Protoceratops skeletons and isolated skulls were found. 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Site is a stone quarry at Ban Saphan Hin, called Ban Pong Malaengwan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauria", "Siamraptor" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Carcharodontosauria", "genus:399171" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "304520", "399171", "444000" ], "candidateIds": [ "304520", "399171", "444000" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "283700", "name": "Siats", "displayName": "Siats", "attribution": "Zanno and Makovicky 2013", "rawAttribution": "Zanno and Makovicky 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=283700", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Megaraptora", "Siats" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "160851", "283700" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Megaraptora predatory-relative bracket; rule MEGARAPTORA_ANIMAL_GUILD.", "references": [ { "id": "DE1", "title": "Latest Cretaceous megaraptorid theropod dinosaur sheds light on megaraptoran evolution and palaeobiology", "authors": "Ibiricu et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-025-63793-5", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-63793-5", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Publisher full text; abstract, descriptions and ecological discussion read", "dietSupport": "Megaraptora is characterized as predatory; Joaquinraptor preserves cutting teeth and a crocodyliform humerus between its jaws. The bone association is possible feeding evidence, not an attributable digestive residue.", "webRefs": [ "turn639view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "relative-inferred", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=283700", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Siats", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=283700" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "283700", "genus": "Siats", "occurrenceId": "1183758", "collectionId": "152628", "identifiedName": "Siats meekerorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Siats meekerorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49074", "collectionReferenceId": "49074", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Lindsay's Site", "collection_aka": "Siats meekerorum type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Approx. 10m below the base of the Naturita (Dakota) Formation\r\n\r\nA radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.", "geogcomments": "Precise locality data not given, based on Mesa Butte location (Zanno, pers. comm.)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Megaraptora", "Siats" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Megaraptora", "genus:283700" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "345412", "283700" ], "candidateIds": [ "345412", "283700" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "371005", "name": "Sibirotitan", "displayName": "Sibirotitan", "attribution": "Averianov et al. 2018", "rawAttribution": "Averianov et al. 2018", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=371005", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Sibirotitan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "371005" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=371005", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "371005", "genus": "Sibirotitan", "occurrenceId": "410862", "collectionId": "39680", "identifiedName": "Sibirotitan astrosacralis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sibirotitan astrosacralis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65771", "collectionReferenceId": "68327", "cc": "RU", "state": "Kemerovo", "county": "Chebulinsky", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shestakovo-1", "collection_aka": "LMCCE 004", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Ilekskaya Suite\"\r\n\r\nRecently the fossiliferous level at Shestakovo 1 locality has been dated as Aptian by pollen (Bugdaeva et al., 2017).", "geogcomments": "Shestakovo-1 locality, Kemerovo region, western Siberia, Kuznetsk Basin, Chebula district, about 40 km S of Mariinsk city; right bluff/precipice of Kiya (Kie) River, a right tributary of Chulym River, 1.5 km downstream from Shestakovo" }, { "genusId": "371005", "genus": "Sibirotitan", "occurrenceId": "410863", "collectionId": "39680", "identifiedName": "Sibirotitan astrosacralis", "acceptedName": "Sibirotitan astrosacralis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65771", "collectionReferenceId": "68327", "cc": "RU", "state": "Kemerovo", "county": "Chebulinsky", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shestakovo-1", "collection_aka": "LMCCE 004", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Ilekskaya Suite\"\r\n\r\nRecently the fossiliferous level at Shestakovo 1 locality has been dated as Aptian by pollen (Bugdaeva et al., 2017).", "geogcomments": "Shestakovo-1 locality, Kemerovo region, western Siberia, Kuznetsk Basin, Chebula district, about 40 km S of Mariinsk city; right bluff/precipice of Kiya (Kie) River, a right tributary of Chulym River, 1.5 km downstream from Shestakovo" }, { "genusId": "371005", "genus": "Sibirotitan", "occurrenceId": "520764", "collectionId": "39680", "identifiedName": "Sibirotitan astrosacralis", "acceptedName": "Sibirotitan astrosacralis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65771", "collectionReferenceId": "68327", "cc": "RU", "state": "Kemerovo", "county": "Chebulinsky", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shestakovo-1", "collection_aka": "LMCCE 004", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Ilekskaya Suite\"\r\n\r\nRecently the fossiliferous level at Shestakovo 1 locality has been dated as Aptian by pollen (Bugdaeva et al., 2017).", "geogcomments": "Shestakovo-1 locality, Kemerovo region, western Siberia, Kuznetsk Basin, Chebula district, about 40 km S of Mariinsk city; right bluff/precipice of Kiya (Kie) River, a right tributary of Chulym River, 1.5 km downstream from Shestakovo" }, { "genusId": "371005", "genus": "Sibirotitan", "occurrenceId": "1646473", "collectionId": "52808", "identifiedName": "Sibirotitan astorsacralis", "acceptedName": "Sibirotitan", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "87538", "collectionReferenceId": "36988", "cc": "RU", "state": "Kemerovo", "county": "Chebulinsky", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shestakovo-3", "collection_aka": "LMCCE 006", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Ilekskaya Suite\"; several bone-bearing layers within the main \"Layer 1\"\r\n\r\nSkutschas et al. 2017: The dating of the Shestakovo 3 locality within the Lower Cretaceous remains controversial: it has been dated as Berriasian (Alifanov et al. 1999), Aptian–Albian (Averianov et al. 2006), and Barremian–Aptian (Kurochkin et al. 2011) based on vertebrates.\r\n\r\nAge of Ilek Formation is poorly constrained but is currently believed to be Barremian-Aptian (see Averianov et al. 2018). The fossiliferous layer at Shestakovo 1 locality was dated to Aptian (Bugadeva et al. 2017). The overlying Kiya Formation has been assigned Albian age based on plant remains (Golovneva and Shchepetov 2010). ", "geogcomments": "Shestakovo-3 locality, road cut outcrop 1 km SE from Shestakovo village, Kiya River precipice, Kemerovo region, western Siberia, Chebula district, about 40 km S of Mariinsk city. Also listed as 3 km E of Shestakovo and 2 km NE of Shestakovo Bluff; a roadcut." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Sibirotitan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "genus:371005" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "371005" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "RU", "ilek" ], "label": "Ilek Formation · RU", "occurrenceId": "1646473", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sibirotitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Dzharatitanis", "Gannansaurus", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Jiangxititan", "Liubangosaurus", "Sonidosaurus", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sibirotitan": [ "410862", "410863", "520764", "1646473" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "371005" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "481295", "name": "Sidersaura", "displayName": "Sidersaura", "attribution": "Lerzo et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Lerzo et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=481295", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Rebbachisauridae", "Sidersaura" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57365", "481295" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=481295", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sidersaura", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=481295" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "481295", "genus": "Sidersaura", "occurrenceId": "1642293", "collectionId": "232882", "identifiedName": "Sidersaura marae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sidersaura marae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "87060", "collectionReferenceId": "87060", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Huincul", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Barda Atravesada de Las Campanas (Huincul Fm)", "collection_aka": "Villa El Chocón", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Barda Atravesada de Las Campanas" }, { "genusId": "481295", "genus": "Sidersaura", "occurrenceId": "1642294", "collectionId": "123202", "identifiedName": "Sidersaura marae", "acceptedName": "Sidersaura marae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "87060", "collectionReferenceId": "39430", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Huincul", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Las Campanas creek", "collection_aka": "Villa El Chocón, Las Campanas Canyon", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower levels of formation, 13 m above conformable contact with Candeleros Fm.", "geogcomments": "Las Campanas creek, 25 km southwest of Villa El Chocón" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Rebbachisauridae", "Sidersaura" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Rebbachisauridae", "genus:481295" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66565", "89458", "515930", "496269", "507183", "251279", "282473", "378458", "57368", "481295", "89456" ], "candidateIds": [ "515930", "507183", "481295" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "huincul" ], "label": "Huincul Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1642294", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Astigmasaura", "Cienciargentina", "Sidersaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agustinia", "Amazonsaurus", "Campananeyen", "Comahuesaurus", "Katepensaurus", "Lavocatisaurus", "Rayososaurus", "Zapalasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Astigmasaura": [ "1604940" ], "Cienciargentina": [ "1379988" ], "Sidersaura": [ "1642293", "1642294" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "515930", "507183", "481295" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "444002", "name": "Sierraceratops", "displayName": "Sierraceratops", "attribution": "Dalman et al. 2022", "rawAttribution": "Dalman et al. 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=444002", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Sierraceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "52773", "444002" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=444002", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sierraceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=444002" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Dalman et al. (2022), Sierraceratops turneri from the Hall Lake Formation", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667121002822", "access": "Publisher abstract" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "444002", "genus": "Sierraceratops", "occurrenceId": "1328513", "collectionId": "178745", "identifiedName": "Sierraceratops turneri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sierraceratops turneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78571", "collectionReferenceId": "59148", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sierra", "formation": "Hall Lake", "member": "", "geological_group": "McRae", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-3650, Elephant Butte (lower)", "collection_aka": "NMMNH Locality 3650; Armendaris Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Hall Lake Formation of the McRae Group, Upper Cretaceous (latest Campanian–Maastrichtian) (Lucas et al., 2019).\r\n\r\n\"Most dinosaur fossils come from a narrow stratigraphic interval 23–43 m above the base of the Hall Lake Formation (Fig. 1). This includes a tyrannosaurid (cf. Tyrannosaurus sp.), and abundant ceratopsids, including the type material of Sierraceratops turneri. Amato et al., (2017, fig. 4) reported a U–Pb age of 73.2 ± 0.7 Ma on a tuff bed about 10 m above the base of the Hall Lake Formation, and this latest Campanian age suggests the Hall Lake dinosaurs in the 23–43 m thick interval above the Hall Lake base, including Sierraceratops, are likely late Campanian in age.\"", "geogcomments": "NMMNH L-3650, E of Elephant Butte reservoir" }, { "genusId": "444002", "genus": "Sierraceratops", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-13", "formation": "Hall Lake" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Sierraceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Chasmosaurinae", "genus:444002" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "444002" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "hall lake", "new mexico" ], "label": "Hall Lake Formation · New Mexico · US", "occurrenceId": "1328513", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sierraceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Pentaceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sierraceratops": [ "1328513" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "444002" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66916", "name": "Sigilmassasaurus", "displayName": "Sigilmassasaurus", "attribution": "Russell 1996", "rawAttribution": "Russell 1996", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66916", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Spinosaurinae", "Sigilmassasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38595", "53371", "66916" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "The holotype CMN 41857 and referred vertebrae are from the Cenomanian of Morocco. Cretaceous and Africa remain robust across the disputed Spinosaurus synonymy.", "references": [ { "title": "Evers etal2015 Reappraisal of Sigilmassasaurus", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.1323", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26500829/", "access": "Original abstract available PubMed/search plus indexed originalbody; genus earlyLateCretaceous CenomanianMorocco, holotypeCMN41857 reidentifiedanterior dorsal. PMCbotwall blocked sustained bodyopen." }, { "title": "Smyth Ibrahim Martill2020 Sigilmassasaurus is Spinosaurus", "doi": "10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104520", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104520", "access": "Primary indexed abstract/body excerpt; argues junior synonymy withSpinosaurus. Fullopenblocked. Inclusion question owned namingreviewagent; no claimresolvedconsensus." } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "The holotype CMN 41857 and referred vertebrae are from the Cenomanian of Morocco. 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Inclusion question owned namingreviewagent; no claimresolvedconsensus." } ] }, "footprint": [], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Spinosaurinae", "Sigilmassasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Spinosauridae", "clade:Spinosaurinae", "genus:66916" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66916" ], "candidateIds": [ "66916" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "81775", "name": "Silesaurus", "displayName": "Silesaurus", "attribution": "Dzik 2003", "rawAttribution": "Dzik 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81775", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Silesauridae", "Sulcimentisauria", "Silesaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "163003", "398795", "81775" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Producer attribution is uncertain. Best clue text is diet uncertain; give locality/age instead.; Plant/mixed anatomy and possible beetle-bearing coprolites", "references": [ { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "low", "evidenceType": "anatomy-plus-tentative-coprolite-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81775", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Silesaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81775" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "81775", "genus": "Silesaurus", "occurrenceId": "584074", "collectionId": "61449", "identifiedName": "Silesaurus opolensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Silesaurus opolensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17738", "collectionReferenceId": "78054", "cc": "PL", "state": "Opole", "county": "", "formation": "Drawno Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Krasiejów locality (upper)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Dating of the Krasiejów assemblage has been based largely upon conchostracans and vertebrates (Dzik & Sulej 2007), which have been used to propose biostratigraphic correlations to the Hassberge (= Coburg Sandstone and Blasensandstein) and Weser formations (late Carnian) of the lower Middle Keuper of Germany. However, lithostratigraphic correlations to the Arnstadt Formation of Germany have been used to suggest an alternative, younger, early Norian age (e.g. Szulc 2005: Hallesches Jahrb. Geowiss. B 19:161-170). According to Qvarnström et al. (2021), A late Carnian age of the fossil assemblage is inferred from plant macrofossils, thevertebrate community, conchostracans, and charophytes.", "geogcomments": "Krasiejów, Opole Silesian region, in a clay pit belonging to the nearby Strzelce Opolskie cement plant" }, { "genusId": "81775", "genus": "Silesaurus", "occurrenceId": "584077", "collectionId": "61450", "identifiedName": "Silesaurus opolensis", "acceptedName": "Silesaurus opolensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17717", "collectionReferenceId": "17738", "cc": "PL", "state": "Opole", "county": "", "formation": "Drawno Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Krasiejów locality (middle)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "0.8 metres above the top of the main bone horizon (lacustrine facies) at Krasiejów \r\nDating of the Krasiejów assemblage has been based largely upon conchostracans and vertebrates (Dzik & Sulej 2007), which have been used to propose biostratigraphic correlations to the Hassberge (= Coburg Sandstone and Blasensandstein) and Weser formations (late Carnian) of the lower Middle Keuper of Germany. However, lithostratigraphic correlations to the Arnstadt Formation of Germany have been used to suggest an alternative, younger, early Norian age (e.g. Szulc 2005: Hallesches Jahrb. Geowiss. B 19:161-170).", "geogcomments": "Krasiejów, Opole Silesian region; in a clay pit belonging to the nearby Strzelce Opolskie cement plant" }, { "genusId": "81775", "genus": "Silesaurus", "occurrenceId": "584310", "collectionId": "61448", "identifiedName": "Silesaurus opolensis", "acceptedName": "Silesaurus opolensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17738", "collectionReferenceId": "78054", "cc": "PL", "state": "Opole", "county": "", "formation": "Grabowa", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Krasiejów locality (lower)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Main bone horizon at Krasiejów, 8 metres above a phytosaur skeleton at the base of the quarry. \r\nDating of the Krasiejów assemblage has been based largely upon conchostracans and vertebrates (Dzik & Sulej 2007), which have been used to propose biostratigraphic correlations to the Hassberge (= Coburg Sandstone and Blasensandstein) and Weser formations (late Carnian) of the lower Middle Keuper of Germany. However, lithostratigraphic correlations to the Arnstadt Formation of Germany have been used to suggest an alternative, younger, early Norian age (e.g. Szulc 2005: Hallesches Jahrb. Geowiss. B 19:161-170). ", "geogcomments": "Krasiejów, Opole Silesian region; in a clay pit formerly belonging to the nearby Strzelce Opolskie cement plant, currently located near JuraPark Krasiejów complex. " } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Silesaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "81775", "rationale": "Use the published early ornithischian grade, removing the incompatible imported Silesauridae/Sulcimentisauria grouping. Do not imply a monophyletic family in this chosen model.", "references": [ { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." }, { "id": "path-audit-fonseca-supplement", "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary supplementary taxon table and anatomical comments read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11" } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "genus:81775" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "81775" ], "candidateIds": [ "81775" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "440880", "name": "Silutitan", "displayName": "Silutitan", "attribution": "Wang et al. 2021", "rawAttribution": "Wang et al. 2021", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=440880", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Euhelopodidae", "Silutitan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "38699", "440880" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "98810", "name": "Sinocalliopteryx", "displayName": "Sinocalliopteryx", "attribution": "Ji et al. 2007", "rawAttribution": "Ji et al. 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=98810", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Compsognathidae", "Sinocalliopteryx" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "38537", "98810" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. 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Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=98810", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sinocalliopteryx", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=98810" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "98810", "genus": "Sinocalliopteryx", "occurrenceId": "739417", "collectionId": "79488", "identifiedName": "Sinocalliopteryx gigas n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinocalliopteryx gigas", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26657", "collectionReferenceId": "26658", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Hengdaozi, Sihetun", "collection_aka": "Tanshan Gou", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"age of 129.7 ± 0.5 Ma for a basaltic lava from the bottom of the Yixian Formation and an age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff from the lowermost part of the overlying Jiufotang Formation\" (Chang et al. 2009)", "geogcomments": "Hengdaozi, Tanshan Gou, near Sihetun, Beipiao, western Liaoning" }, { "genusId": "98810", "genus": "Sinocalliopteryx", "occurrenceId": "1589416", "collectionId": "224635", "identifiedName": "Sinocalliopteryx sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinocalliopteryx", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80984", "collectionReferenceId": "80984", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Beipiao (general) [Jianshangou Mb.]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sihetun site, Beipiao city" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Sinosauropterygidae", "Sinocalliopteryx" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "compsognathid-grades", "rationale": "Avoid insisting on a traditional compsognathid clade when 2024/2025 character analyses dispute it; use broad Coelurosauria until precise original taxon reviews.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "qiu2025", "title": "Two new compsognathid-like theropods show diversified predation strategies in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11970238/", "doi": "10.1093/nsr/nwaf068", "year": 2025, "access": "Full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Jehol compsognathid-like theropods recovered as Sinosauropterygidae, while Compsognathus not included." } ] }, { "id": "98810", "rationale": "2025 original Jehol theropod analysis supports these regional compsognathid-like genera in Sinosauropterygidae; Compsognathus remains outside.", "references": [ { "id": "qiu2025", "title": "Two new compsognathid-like theropods show diversified predation strategies in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11970238/", "doi": "10.1093/nsr/nwaf068", "year": 2025, "access": "Full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Jehol compsognathid-like theropods recovered as Sinosauropterygidae, while Compsognathus not included." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Sinosauropterygidae", "genus:98810" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "candidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "444047", "name": "Sinocephale", "displayName": "Sinocephale", "attribution": "Evans et al. 2021", "rawAttribution": "Evans et al. 2021", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=444047", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosauridae", "Sinocephale" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38782", "38783", "444047" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=444047", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sinocephale", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=444047" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "444047", "genus": "Sinocephale", "occurrenceId": "499908", "collectionId": "50733", "identifiedName": "Troodon bexelli n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinocephale bexelli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78579", "collectionReferenceId": "13553", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Ulansuhai", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsondolein-Khuduk 2 (SSE)", "collection_aka": "Sino-Swedish Expedition", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"The red sediments in this area likely belong to the Ulansuhai Formation, and are constrained by radiometric dates to the Late Cretaceous, post ~92 Ma (Kobayashi et al. 2003).\" - Evans et al. (2021). Collection was previously recorded as part of the Minhe Formation (E. Dunne)", "geogcomments": "250 km W of Ulan-tsonch; main site\r\n\"Tsondolien-Khuduk Locality, Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China. The Tsondolien-Khuduk locality is approximately 250 km west south-west of the well-known Bayan Mandahu Locality (Eberth, 1993). ... Based on careful study of the map and locality description in Bohlin (1953, Fig 1), and firsthand knowledge of the area by one of us (HY) Tsondolien-Khuduk is located somewhere west of the towns of Ulan Suhai (Suhongtu) and Bayan Mod (Wuliji), and in the vicinity (south) of the Sinornithomimus dongi holotype locality (Kobayashi et al. 2003)\" - Evans et al. (2021)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosauridae", "Sinocephale" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Pachycephalosauria", "clade:Pachycephalosauridae", "genus:444047" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267679", "444047", "38791" ], "candidateIds": [ "267679", "444047", "38791" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "168664", "name": "Sinoceratops", "displayName": "Sinoceratops", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=168664", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Centrosaurinae", "Sinoceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "53953", "168664" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=168664", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sinoceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=168664" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "168664", "genus": "Sinoceratops", "occurrenceId": "873168", "collectionId": "96815", "identifiedName": "Sinoceratops zhuchengensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinoceratops zhuchengensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32999", "collectionReferenceId": "32999", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Zhucheng", "formation": "Hongtuya", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wangshi", "collection_name": "Zangjiazhuang quarry (loc. 090413)", "collection_aka": "Zhucheng", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"near the transition between the Xingezhuang Formation and the overlying Hongtuya Formation\"", "geogcomments": "Zangjiazhuang, Zhucheng, Shandong Province, China. Approx. 5 km from Kugou site." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Centrosaurinae", "Sinoceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Centrosaurinae", "genus:168664" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "168664" ], "candidateIds": [ "168664" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58888", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sinornithoides", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58888" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "58888", "genus": "Sinornithoides", "occurrenceId": "458361", "collectionId": "45166", "identifiedName": "Sinornithoides sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinornithoides", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11755", "collectionReferenceId": "11755", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "Subei", "formation": "Zhonggou", "member": "Upper Gray Beds", "geological_group": "Xinminbao", "collection_name": "IVPP 9208-21 quarry, Mazongshan", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "unnamed lower part of group; = Xinminpu Group. \"middle gray unit\" of formation.\r\n\r\nZhang et al. 2015: The palynomorph assemblages contain a large number of biostratigraphically significant palynomorphs, such as numerically abundant tricolpate and rare polyaperturate angiosperm pollen grains, which indicate an Early Albian age for the Zhonggou Formation ", "geogcomments": "Mazongshan area, within Suanjingzi Basin (not Gongpoquan Basin), western Gansu province, China. Now within the Subei Gongpoquan Dinosaur Geopark." }, { "genusId": "58888", "genus": "Sinornithoides", "occurrenceId": "472313", "collectionId": "46934", "identifiedName": "Sinornithoides youngi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinornithoides youngi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12469", "collectionReferenceId": "13174", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Ejinhoro", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huamuxiao, Ordos Basin", "collection_aka": "Muhuaxiao, Ordos, SCDP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "13 km S of Huangginqi site, Inner Mongolia, Ordos region. Near villages of Huamuxiao (spelled Muhuaximiao in Russell & Dong 1993) and Amulonggui, 4.1 km W of Duguijiahan and 42 km W of Alucaideng" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Sinornithoides" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Troodontinae", "genus:58888" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "candidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68341", "name": "Sinornithomimus", "displayName": "Sinornithomimus", "attribution": "Kobayashi and Lü 2003", "rawAttribution": "Kobayashi and Lü 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68341", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Sinornithomimus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "55491", "38539", "68341" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad plant-based or mixed compatibility is defensible for derived forms; Deinocheirus has direct fish evidence. Early toothed forms require wider uncertainty.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G8", "title": "Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1038/nature13874", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13874", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "author-institution abstract and publisher summary read", "dietSupport": "Plant-feeding cranial morphology plus fish gut remains support omnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view2", "turn591search13" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68341", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sinornithomimus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68341" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68341", "genus": "Sinornithomimus", "occurrenceId": "536615", "collectionId": "55529", "identifiedName": "Sinornithomimus dongi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinornithomimus dongi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14984", "collectionReferenceId": "14984", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Ulansuhai", "member": "", "geological_group": "Dashuigou", "collection_name": "Suhongtu, Ulan Suhai (MHIDP)", "collection_aka": "Sinornithomimus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "maximum age 92 Ma based on underlying volcanic rocks; Faunal assignment to Aptian-Albian, but dating of underlying beds suggests maximum age is Turonian", "geogcomments": "30 km NW of Suhongtu, near Ulan Suhai, Alashanzuo Banner, near the boundary of China and Mongolia, in the western part of the Nei Mongol Autonomous Region (aka North Alashan Geological Region); NW of Bayan Mod" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Sinornithomimus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. Harpymimus assignment not a simple database error." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Ornithomimosauria", "clade:Ornithomimidae", "genus:68341" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370065", "66671", "38540", "519528", "38547", "176037", "68341" ], "candidateIds": [ "68341" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "ulansuhai" ], "label": "Ulansuhai Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "536615", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sinornithomimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aepyornithomimus", "Anserimimus", "Archaeornithomimus", "Dzharacursor", "Gallimimus", "Qiupalong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sinornithomimus": [ "536615" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68341" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68204", "name": "Sinornithosaurus", "displayName": "Sinornithosaurus", "attribution": "Xu et al. 1999", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68204", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Microraptorinae", "Sinornithosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "72105", "68204" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68204", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sinornithosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68204" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68204", "genus": "Sinornithosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519797", "collectionId": "52888", "identifiedName": "Sinornithosaurus millenii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinornithosaurus millenii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14889", "collectionReferenceId": "14889", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Sihetun, lower Yixian (general)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation\r\nDong et al (2013): \"Sihetun Locality; Jianshangou Bed, Yixian Formation, Barremian/Aptian (125±1 Ma)\"", "geogcomments": "Sihetun site, Beipiao city" }, { "genusId": "68204", "genus": "Sinornithosaurus", "occurrenceId": "739418", "collectionId": "79488", "identifiedName": "Sinornithosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinornithosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80984", "collectionReferenceId": "26658", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Hengdaozi, Sihetun", "collection_aka": "Tanshan Gou", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"age of 129.7 ± 0.5 Ma for a basaltic lava from the bottom of the Yixian Formation and an age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff from the lowermost part of the overlying Jiufotang Formation\" (Chang et al. 2009)", "geogcomments": "Hengdaozi, Tanshan Gou, near Sihetun, Beipiao, western Liaoning" }, { "genusId": "68204", "genus": "Sinornithosaurus", "occurrenceId": "824853", "collectionId": "67611", "identifiedName": "Sinornithosaurus haoiana n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinornithosaurus millenii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30569", "collectionReferenceId": "19265", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Yixian", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Dakangpu", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Baicaigou, Toutai", "collection_aka": "Jonzhou, Baitaigou, Baicai Gou", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "middle part of formation, originally assigned to Yixian Fm., comparable to Dawangzhangzi Bed. \"middle part\" of formation.\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Baicaigou (= Baitaigou), Toutai, approx. 11 km N of Yizhou, Jinzhou region, western Liaoning; Jinzhou city, Yixian county" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Microraptorinae", "Sinornithosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Microraptorinae", "genus:68204" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "299732", "146456", "523876", "68238", "96499", "68204", "391290" ], "candidateIds": [ "68204" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "yixian", "liaoning", "yixian" ], "label": "Yixian Formation · Yixian · Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "824853", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sinornithosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Changyuraptor", "Graciliraptor", "Jian", "Microraptor", "Shanag", "Zhongjianosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sinornithosaurus": [ "824853" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68204" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "54548", "name": "Sinosauropteryx", "displayName": "Sinosauropteryx", "attribution": "Ji and Ji 1996", "rawAttribution": "Ji and Ji 1996", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54548", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Sinosauropterygidae", "Sinosauropteryx" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "90629", "54548" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Attributable fossil animal stomach contents; broad predatory guild.", "references": [ { "id": "DE5", "title": "Two new compsognathid-like theropods show diversified predation strategies in theropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Qiu et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1093/nsr/nwaf068", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/nsr/article/12/5/nwaf068/8030555", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Author publication PDF text read from https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_t/2025/nwaf068_dd.pdf; publisher and PMC indexed passages also read", "dietSupport": "Huadanosaurus has mammalian stomach contents; Sinosauropteryx has lizard remains. The paper recovers Sinosauropterygidae and different hunting strategies.", "webRefs": [ "turn639view1", "turn652search1", "turn673search42" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "genus-direct", "qualifier": "Evidence supports", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54548", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sinosauropteryx", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54548" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "54548", "genus": "Sinosauropteryx", "occurrenceId": "498853", "collectionId": "50469", "identifiedName": "Sinosauropteryx prima", "acceptedName": "Sinosauropteryx prima", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13533", "collectionReferenceId": "13533", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Sihetun, Yixian bed 6 (28)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Beipiao area, near Sihetun, western Liaoning" }, { "genusId": "54548", "genus": "Sinosauropteryx", "occurrenceId": "498866", "collectionId": "50470", "identifiedName": "Sinosauropteryx prima", "acceptedName": "Sinosauropteryx prima", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13533", "collectionReferenceId": "13533", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Jianshangou", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Sihetun, Yixian bed 6 (29)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Beipiao area, near Sihetun, western Liaoning" }, { "genusId": "54548", "genus": "Sinosauropteryx", "occurrenceId": "670359", "collectionId": "13937", "identifiedName": "Sinosauropteryx sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinosauropteryx", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24498", "collectionReferenceId": "6171", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Lingyuan", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Dawangzhangzi", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Dawangzhangzi", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "thought to be Barremian by Li and Luo 2006 based on Yixian Formation radioisotopic dates. From the Dawangzhangzhi Beds", "geogcomments": "Lat/Long taken for Dawangzhangzi township" }, { "genusId": "54548", "genus": "Sinosauropteryx", "occurrenceId": "2063631", "collectionId": "278643", "identifiedName": "Sinosauropteryx lingyuanensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinosauropteryx lingyuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94666", "collectionReferenceId": "94666", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Lingyuan", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Dawangzhangzi", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Dawangzhangzi", "collection_aka": "Huadanosaurus sinensis type locality", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Copied from another locality" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Sinosauropterygidae", "Sinosauropteryx" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "54548", "rationale": "2025 original Jehol theropod analysis supports these regional compsognathid-like genera in Sinosauropterygidae; Compsognathus remains outside.", "references": [ { "id": "qiu2025", "title": "Two new compsognathid-like theropods show diversified predation strategies in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11970238/", "doi": "10.1093/nsr/nwaf068", "year": 2025, "access": "Full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Jehol compsognathid-like theropods recovered as Sinosauropterygidae, while Compsognathus not included." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Sinosauropterygidae", "genus:54548" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "candidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38266", "name": "Sinosaurus", "displayName": "Sinosaurus", "attribution": "Young 1940", "rawAttribution": "Young 1940", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38266", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Sinosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "38266" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38266", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sinosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38266" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "259970", "collectionId": "25125", "identifiedName": "Dilophosaurus sinensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7052", "collectionReferenceId": "7052", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Jinning", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Qinglongshan, Muchulang village", "collection_aka": "Dilophosaurus sinensis holotype", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. It is not clear which member this locality represents. ", "geogcomments": "at Qinglongshan near Muchulang village, in the rural tribal district of Xiyangyi, Jinning County, Yunnan province, China. Coordinates for Jinning." }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490789", "collectionId": "49503", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12552", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tachung, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Tachun, Dachung, Dachong", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a Hettangian–Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "1 km NE of Shawan" }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "621557", "collectionId": "66926", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19052", "collectionReferenceId": "19052", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lufeng (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "given only as \"Lufeng\"" }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "667390", "collectionId": "71907", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24297", "collectionReferenceId": "24297", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Wuding", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wuding", "collection_aka": "Wuting", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Lower Lufeng Series\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. It is not clear which member this collection belongs to.", "geogcomments": "Wuting (Wuding) district, 100 km NE of Lufeng" }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735739", "collectionId": "72091", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "43832", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tati, Lufeng (CUP)", "collection_aka": "Ta Ti, Dadi; near Dawa village", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Tati sites supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified aside from Tatisaurus." }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735807", "collectionId": "78993", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "26534", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hei Koa Peng, Lufeng (CUP, IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Heikoupeng, Heigoupeng", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Sites reported by Simmons supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\", just below the Ta Ti layer.\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Hei Koa Peng/Heikuopeng, near Ta Ti, NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified." }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092071", "collectionId": "49501", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43938", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shawan, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Dull Purplish beds of the Lower Lufeng Formation\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a Hettangian–Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "2 li S of Tachung; 3 km N of Lufeng city, near small village of Shawan" }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092249", "collectionId": "49773", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12547", "collectionReferenceId": "12541", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huangchiatien, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Dahungtien; Dahuangtian, Huang-chia-tien, Huang Jia Tian", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Collection includes multiple specimens collected in this general area" }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092250", "collectionId": "71803", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43938", "collectionReferenceId": "12552", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tachung-Putsaowan, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Tachun, Dachung, Putaowan", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. It is not clear which member this locality belongs to.", "geogcomments": "from between Tachung and Putsaowan (Putaowan), NE of Shawan, north of Tachung, west of Lushuichia" }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092252", "collectionId": "49773", "identifiedName": "cf. Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43938", "collectionReferenceId": "12541", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huangchiatien, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Dahungtien; Dahuangtian, Huang-chia-tien, Huang Jia Tian", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Collection includes multiple specimens collected in this general area" }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092267", "collectionId": "59348", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43938", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ehrchuanshan (Lufeng)", "collection_aka": "Erhchuanshan, Er Zuan Shan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Ehrchuanshan, about 12 li NE of Lufeng" }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092269", "collectionId": "49775", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43938", "collectionReferenceId": "43938", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Liuchiaching", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Dark Red Beds\" of the Lower Lufeng Formation\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1625161", "collectionId": "229977", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84525", "collectionReferenceId": "84525", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "hills behind Er Zuan Shan, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Erhchuanshan, Ehrchuanshan, Huang Jia Tian", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the hills behind Er Zuan Shan (Ehrchuanshan), Jin Shan Town, Lufeng City, Yunnan; also listed as \"Huang Jia Tian Village, Jing Shan Town\"" }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1625162", "collectionId": "173377", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84525", "collectionReferenceId": "56458", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dalishu bonebed, Konglongshan", "collection_aka": "Da Li Shu, Kong Long Shan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dalishu bonebed, near Dalishu village, Konglongshan town, Lufeng county, Yunnan" }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1625163", "collectionId": "229976", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84525", "collectionReferenceId": "84525", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hei Long Tan, Da Wa", "collection_aka": "Heilongtan, Dawa, Tawa, Jinshan, Songjiapo", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "700 m N of Hei Long Tan, Da Wa village of Jin Shan town in the Lufeng Basin = Heilongtan Village, Songjiapo, Jinshan Township" }, { "genusId": "38266", "genus": "Sinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1674385", "collectionId": "237360", "identifiedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "acceptedName": "Sinosaurus triassicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90007", "collectionReferenceId": "90007", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Heilongtan, Songjiapo", "collection_aka": ", Dawa, Tawa, Jinshan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Heilongtan Village, Songjiapo, Jinshan Township" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Sinosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "38266", "rationale": "Non-averostran neotheropod; do not force Dilophosauridae.", "references": [ { "id": "path-audit-lufeng2025", "title": "New material of a non-averostran neotheropod dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf034", "year": 2025, "reviewDate": "2026-10-11" } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "genus:38266" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38522", "370735", "38266" ], "candidateIds": [ "38522", "370735", "38266" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "198891", "name": "Sinotyrannus", "displayName": "Sinotyrannus", "attribution": "Ji et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Ji et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=198891", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Proceratosauridae", "Sinotyrannus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "185194", "198891" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=198891", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sinotyrannus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=198891" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "198891", "genus": "Sinotyrannus", "occurrenceId": "975932", "collectionId": "116361", "identifiedName": "Sinotyrannus kazuoensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinotyrannus kazuoensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37505", "collectionReferenceId": "37505", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Kazuo", "formation": "Jiufotang", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Dachengzi, Kazuo", "collection_aka": "Sinotyrannus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, \"first member\"", "geogcomments": "Dachengzi town, Kazuo county, western Liaoning, Harqin Left Mongol Autonomous County" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Proceratosauridae", "Sinotyrannus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "clade:Proceratosauridae", "genus:198891" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "198891", "230946" ], "candidateIds": [ "198891", "230946" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64888", "name": "Sinovenator", "displayName": "Sinovenator", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2002", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2002", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64888", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Sinovenatorinae", "Sinovenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "372128", "64888" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64888", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sinovenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64888" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64888", "genus": "Sinovenator", "occurrenceId": "536678", "collectionId": "53493", "identifiedName": "Sinovenator changii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinovenator changii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12906", "collectionReferenceId": "14918", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal member of Yixian Formation = Member 1 = Lujiatun beds; 40Ar/39Ar age for bed is 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma.\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Lujiatun village (N 41° 36.201'; E 120° 54.793'), Shangyuan, Beipiao City" }, { "genusId": "64888", "genus": "Sinovenator", "occurrenceId": "537337", "collectionId": "55685", "identifiedName": "Sinovenator changii", "acceptedName": "Sinovenator changii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12906", "collectionReferenceId": "12906", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Yanzigou, Shanyuan", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lowest part of Yixian Formation. He et al 2006 give Ar-Ar date of 123.2±1.0 Ma. 'Lujiatun bed'\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Shanyuan, western Liaoning Province" }, { "genusId": "64888", "genus": "Sinovenator", "occurrenceId": "1589215", "collectionId": "73438", "identifiedName": "Sinovenator changii", "acceptedName": "Sinovenator changii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80942", "collectionReferenceId": "24647", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (other)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, \"Lujiatun Beds\"", "geogcomments": "numerous sites for which exact localities are not known; fossils collected by local farmers in Lujiatun, Shangyuan." }, { "genusId": "64888", "genus": "Sinovenator", "occurrenceId": "1657967", "collectionId": "235272", "identifiedName": "Sinovenator changii", "acceptedName": "Sinovenator changii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "96034", "collectionReferenceId": "88670", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Ningcheng", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Duanjiagou, Xidayingzi Village", "collection_aka": "Ningchengodon foxi locality; Bisiyingzi", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "radiometric dating of main fossiliferous tuff (40Ar/39AR) = 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma\n\"The absolute geological age has been constrained to 125.7 ± 1.5 Ma using U–Pb zircon dating analyzed by CA-ID-IRMS\"", "geogcomments": "Duanjiagou, Bisiyingzi, Ningcheng, Chifeng, southeastern Inner Mongolia, China (41°24′45.78″N, 119°7′10.31″E)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Sinovenatorinae", "Sinovenator" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Sinovenatorinae", "genus:64888" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "379315", "68249", "64888" ], "candidateIds": [ "379315", "68249", "64888" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "54820", "name": "Sinraptor", "displayName": "Sinraptor", "attribution": "Currie and Zhao 1994", "rawAttribution": "Currie and Zhao 1994", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54820", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Metriacanthosauridae", "Metriacanthosaurinae", "Sinraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "64112", "235341", "67931", "54820" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54820", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sinraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54820" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "54820", "genus": "Sinraptor", "occurrenceId": "459064", "collectionId": "45192", "identifiedName": "Sinraptor dongi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinraptor dongi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9255", "collectionReferenceId": "13360", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Shishugou", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sinraptor type, Jiangjunmiao NE (CCDP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "65 m above contact with underlying Wucaiwan Formation", "geogcomments": "25 km NE of Jiangjunmiao, Xinjiang" }, { "genusId": "54820", "genus": "Sinraptor", "occurrenceId": "811835", "collectionId": "89156", "identifiedName": "Yangchuanosaurus hepingensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinraptor hepingensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10371", "collectionReferenceId": "10371", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Tianwan village, Heping", "collection_aka": "Zigong", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "Tianwan village, Heping, 1 km N of Zigong train station" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Metriacanthosauridae", "Metriacanthosaurinae", "Sinraptor" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Metriacanthosauridae", "clade:Metriacanthosaurinae", "genus:54820" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54820" ], "candidateIds": [ "54820" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "84667", "name": "Sinusonasus", "displayName": "Sinusonasus", "attribution": "Xu and Wang 2004", "rawAttribution": "Xu and Wang 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=84667", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Sinusonasus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "84667" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=84667", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sinusonasus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=84667" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "84667", "genus": "Sinusonasus", "occurrenceId": "602122", "collectionId": "53493", "identifiedName": "Sinusonasus magnodens n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sinusonasus magnodens", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18463", "collectionReferenceId": "14918", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Lujiatun", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Beipiao", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal member of Yixian Formation = Member 1 = Lujiatun beds; 40Ar/39Ar age for bed is 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma.\r\nThe Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.\r\nHe et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.\r\nOlierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).", "geogcomments": "Lujiatun village (N 41° 36.201'; E 120° 54.793'), Shangyuan, Beipiao City" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Sinusonasus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "genus:84667" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "372126", "84667" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "yixian" ], "label": "Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "602122", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Daliansaurus", "Sinusonasus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides", "Gobivenator", "Harenadraco", "Papiliovenator", "Pectinodon", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Daliansaurus": [ "1589221" ], "Sinusonasus": [ "602122" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "372126", "84667" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "372268", "name": "Sirindhorna", "displayName": "Sirindhorna", "attribution": "Shibata et al. 2015", "rawAttribution": "Shibata et al. 2015", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372268", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Sirindhorna" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "372268" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372268", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Sirindhorna", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372268" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Shibata et al. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "67681", "name": "Sphaerotholus", "displayName": "Sphaerotholus", "attribution": "Williamson and Carr 2003", "rawAttribution": "Williamson and Carr 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67681", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosauridae", "Pachycephalosaurinae", "Sphaerotholus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38782", "38783", "67626", "67681" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. 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Blacktail Creek quad." }, { "genusId": "67681", "genus": "Sphaerotholus", "occurrenceId": "606149", "collectionId": "64653", "identifiedName": "Troodon edmontonensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Sphaerotholus edmontonensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "12773", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Big Valley Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "opposite mouth of Big Valley Creek, below Scollard Ferry, on Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "67681", "genus": "Sphaerotholus", "occurrenceId": "1283765", "collectionId": "170675", "identifiedName": "Sphaerotholus cf. buchholtzae", "acceptedName": "Sphaerotholus buchholtzae", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55604", "collectionReferenceId": "55604", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south of Shaunavon, CMN Loc. P5710", "collection_aka": "Frenchman River valley, RSM Loc. 72F08-0074", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle to upper levels of formation", "geogcomments": "Frenchman River valley, south of Shaunavon. CMN Loc. 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Detailed locality data on file at the TMP." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosauridae", "Pachycephalosaurinae", "Sphaerotholus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Broad period only. CanadaCMN9814possible, notverifiedpositive; preserveincomparisonfootprint.; Horncorealone cannotdiagnose Ceratops orSpiclypeus.", "references": [ { "title": "Mallon et al. (2016), Spiclypeus shipporum gen.et sp.nov.", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0154218", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154218", "access": "Full primary publisher text inspected; Pentaceratops aquilonius CMN9813/9814 reinterpretation" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Positive source and literature localities, including qualified historical alternatives. CanadaCMN9814possible, notverifiedpositive; preserveincomparisonfootprint.; Horncorealone cannotdiagnose Ceratops orSpiclypeus.", "references": [ { "title": "Mallon et al. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38598", "name": "Spinosaurus", "displayName": "Spinosaurus", "attribution": "Stromer 1915", "rawAttribution": "Stromer 1915", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38598", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Spinosaurinae", "Spinosaurini", "Spinosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38595", "53371", "469422", "38598" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38598", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Spinosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38598" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/spinosaurus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "259976", "collectionId": "25127", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7054", "collectionReferenceId": "7054", "cc": "EG", "state": "Matruh", "county": "", "formation": "Baharîje", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gebel el Dist (7p)", "collection_aka": "Spinosaurus type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "p (or \"7p\") is the lowest layer at the site\r\n\r\nalso known as Bahariya Formation", "geogcomments": "3 km north of Gebel el Dist, in the plain at the base of the Baharîje Valley, Baharîje Oasis, near Marsa Matruh, Egypt" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "262179", "collectionId": "25325", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus cf. aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7098", "collectionReferenceId": "7098", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Gara Sbaa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Er Remlia, Gara es Sbaa [Gara Sbaa Fm.]", "collection_aka": "Gara Sba, Gara Sbâa", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Kem Kem beds have distinct upper and lower units in this region, with fossils found in both parts. The formation lies conformably below the Cenomanian-Turonian limestone. The \"fossiliferous zone\" ocuupies about 90 meters of section overlapping both members.", "geogcomments": "near Gara es Sbaa, about 50 km NE of Hassi Zguilma and 60 km SW of Ouzina and Taouz, Kem Kem region, Morocco; E of oasis of Er Remlia" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489656", "collectionId": "49330", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7054", "collectionReferenceId": "7054", "cc": "EG", "state": "Matruh", "county": "", "formation": "Baharîje", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south slope, Gebel Maisara (7p)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "layer p = 7p\r\n\r\nalso known as Bahariya Formation", "geogcomments": "S slope of Gebel Maisara (?Gebel Ma'sera), approx. 1/4 up slope, in the plain at the base of the Baharîje Valley, Baharîje Oasis, near Marsa Matruh, Egypt" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "510842", "collectionId": "51748", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70593", "collectionReferenceId": "13775", "cc": "EG", "state": "Matruh", "county": "", "formation": "Baharîje", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ain Murûn", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lowest layer\" at site\r\n\r\nalso known as Bahariya Formation", "geogcomments": "Ain Murûn" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "510845", "collectionId": "51751", "identifiedName": "Sigilmassasaurus cf. brevicollis", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70978", "collectionReferenceId": "13775", "cc": "EG", "state": "Al Jizah", "county": "", "formation": "Bahariya", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gebel Harra", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "2 km from Ain Gedid, on W foot of Gebel Harra, near Marsa Matruh, Baharîja Oasis, Egypt." }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519800", "collectionId": "52887", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus marrocanus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13037", "collectionReferenceId": "13037", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Tafilalt region (NMC/CMN)", "collection_aka": "Tafilalet", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Ifezoune or Auofous formation\r\nSee revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "area of Tafilalt, N and S of Taouz, includes several marked fossil sites but none are specified in text, nor are any tied to specific occurrences." }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519801", "collectionId": "52887", "identifiedName": "Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13037", "collectionReferenceId": "13037", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Tafilalt region (NMC/CMN)", "collection_aka": "Tafilalet", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Ifezoune or Auofous formation\r\nSee revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "area of Tafilalt, N and S of Taouz, includes several marked fossil sites but none are specified in text, nor are any tied to specific occurrences." }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519802", "collectionId": "52887", "identifiedName": "Sigilmassasaurus cf. brevicollis", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70978", "collectionReferenceId": "13037", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Tafilalt region (NMC/CMN)", "collection_aka": "Tafilalet", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Ifezoune or Auofous formation\r\nSee revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "area of Tafilalt, N and S of Taouz, includes several marked fossil sites but none are specified in text, nor are any tied to specific occurrences." }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519812", "collectionId": "52887", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70593", "collectionReferenceId": "13037", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Tafilalt region (NMC/CMN)", "collection_aka": "Tafilalet", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Ifezoune or Auofous formation\r\nSee revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "area of Tafilalt, N and S of Taouz, includes several marked fossil sites but none are specified in text, nor are any tied to specific occurrences." }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560989", "collectionId": "58519", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus cf. aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16599", "collectionReferenceId": "16599", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Keneg ed Dal", "collection_aka": "Kheneg ed Dal", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "See revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "near the outpost in Keneg ed Dal" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "561842", "collectionId": "58577", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31209", "collectionReferenceId": "16632", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "Echkar", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "Iguidi", "collection_aka": "In Abangarit", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "W of In Abangarit oasis, Iguidi region\r\nexact coordinate given by Sereno and Larsson 2009" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "571830", "collectionId": "60002", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus cf. aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16599", "collectionReferenceId": "16599", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Taouz-Hammada du Guir [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "near Al Taouz", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "east (or perhaps SW) of Taouz on the Hammada du Guir plateau - but specific locality data were not recorded." }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "624187", "collectionId": "67203", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19183", "collectionReferenceId": "19183", "cc": "TN", "state": "Médenine", "county": "", "formation": "Aïn el Guettar", "member": "Oum ed Diab", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bir Miteur, RH 45", "collection_aka": "Gebel Miteur, Jebel Miteur, Bi'r Miteur, Foum Tatahouine", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Radouane Member of Chenini Fm.; orig. assigned to the Chenini Member, but referred to the lower Oum ed Diab Mbr. in Fanti et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "4 km NW of B'ir Miteur (= Bir Miteur, Gebel Miteur, Jebel Miteur), 28 km NW of Foum Tatahouine" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "884859", "collectionId": "54083", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33924", "collectionReferenceId": "14609", "cc": "EG", "state": "Al Wadi al Jadid", "county": "", "formation": "Quseir", "member": "Mut", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bee's Friday Site, Dakhleh Oasis", "collection_aka": "Dakhla", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"a few metres below the Duwi Formation\"", "geogcomments": "Dakhleh oasis, Al Wadi al Jadid, 200 km NW of Kharga" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "884863", "collectionId": "97761", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33925", "collectionReferenceId": "33925", "cc": "EG", "state": "Al Wadi al Jadid", "county": "", "formation": "Quseir", "member": "Mut", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lungfish Bluff, Wadi el-Battikh", "collection_aka": "Dakhleh Oasis, Dakhla", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lungfish Bluff, Wadi el-Battikh, eastern Dakhleh Oasis" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1024272", "collectionId": "115155", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "40738", "collectionReferenceId": "37287", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Douira", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Bordj-Yerdi sand quarry", "collection_aka": "Borj Yerdi, Douira", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sand quarry near the town of Bordj-Yerdi (Borj Yerdi) and Douira, next to an oasis along the Ziz, on the road to Er Rachidia, 20 km N of Erfoud" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1081677", "collectionId": "135809", "identifiedName": "cf. Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43455", "collectionReferenceId": "43455", "cc": "KE", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Lubur Sandstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lokitaung Gorge (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "= \"Turkana Grits\"", "geogcomments": "\"lower part of the Lapurr Range in an area within a four kilometer radius of the eastern terminus of Lokitaung Gorge, although isolated exposures were briefly examined as far as 10 km to the south of the Gorge, and some 40 km to the north near the Sudanese border.\"" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1243979", "collectionId": "163916", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65489", "collectionReferenceId": "53517", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Ifezouane", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Bou Laalou", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bou Laalou" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1243986", "collectionId": "163917", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53517", "collectionReferenceId": "53517", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Ifezouane", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Khetitila Srhira", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Khetitila Srhira" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1243996", "collectionId": "155212", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65489", "collectionReferenceId": "53517", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Ifezouane", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Chaaft (levels 1–3)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "levels 1-3", "geogcomments": "Chaaft, ca. 50 km E of Amadel N'Ghioul" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1244003", "collectionId": "144705", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65489", "collectionReferenceId": "53517", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Ifezouane", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Takemout", "collection_aka": "Taqmout; Takmout", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Takemout" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1244008", "collectionId": "125935", "identifiedName": "cf. Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53517", "collectionReferenceId": "53516", "cc": "TN", "state": "Tataouine", "county": "", "formation": "Aïn el Guettar", "member": "Oum ed Diab", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "El Hmaima 1", "collection_aka": "Bateun el Hmaima", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. assigned to the Chenini Member, but referred to the lower Oum ed Diab Mbr. in Fanti et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "Bateun el Hmaima" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1244020", "collectionId": "163918", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65489", "collectionReferenceId": "53517", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Ifezouane", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Jebel al Qabla", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Jebel al Qabla" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1254308", "collectionId": "166013", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70766", "collectionReferenceId": "54265", "cc": "TN", "state": "Medinine", "county": "", "formation": "Continental Intercalaire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ksar Krerachfa", "collection_aka": "Ksar Kerachfa", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Beds are not easily dated but studies in the last few years agree that beds exposed in Tunisia are likely Barremian–Albian. See Fanti et al. 2012; Hamed et al. 2014; Fanti et al. 2016; Holwerda 2020", "geogcomments": "vicinity of Ksar Krerachfa (Kerachfa), ca. 25 KM SSW of Medinine, near canyon of Oued Smar" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1438051", "collectionId": "59578", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus marrocanus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13036", "collectionReferenceId": "17062", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Adrar", "county": "", "formation": "Gara Samani", "member": "Samani Vertebrate-Rich Sand", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Gara Samani", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "fossils are from several beds, below the Cenomanian Tademaït Sandstone (\"infra-Cenomanian\"), formerly the \"Continental Intercalaire\"", "geogcomments": "at base of Gara Samani, on the NW border of Tademaït, halfway between Timimoun and El Goléa, in the Algerian Sahara" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1474461", "collectionId": "205828", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70593", "collectionReferenceId": "70593", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Douira", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Zrigat", "collection_aka": "Erfoud; Al Gualb; Zrigate", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "See revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020. Locality is in the base of the \"upper unit\"", "geogcomments": "on the flanks of the plateau immediately W of Al Gualb hill, Zrigat, 18 km east of Erfoud" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1474462", "collectionId": "96223", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70593", "collectionReferenceId": "32662", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Aferdou N'Chaft", "collection_aka": "Hassi El Begaa", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Fossils were collected from an \"approximately 2m thick horizon\"; age of the Kem Kem is poorly constrained, but a Cenomanian age is supported by vertebrate biostratigraphy\r\nSee revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "near the village of Begaa and 10 km north-east of Taouz; longitude coordinates are given in the text as east, but this appears to be an error" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1479181", "collectionId": "25191", "identifiedName": "? Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7054", "collectionReferenceId": "21104", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Illizi", "county": "", "formation": "Continental Intercalaire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tab-Tab, Djoua Valley", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 9, Timassânine, Tabtab", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "area around Tab-Tab, near Timassânine, in the Djoua valley" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1482215", "collectionId": "67203", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus cf. aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8711", "collectionReferenceId": "19183", "cc": "TN", "state": "Médenine", "county": "", "formation": "Aïn el Guettar", "member": "Oum ed Diab", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bir Miteur, RH 45", "collection_aka": "Gebel Miteur, Jebel Miteur, Bi'r Miteur, Foum Tatahouine", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Radouane Member of Chenini Fm.; orig. assigned to the Chenini Member, but referred to the lower Oum ed Diab Mbr. in Fanti et al. 2012", "geogcomments": "4 km NW of B'ir Miteur (= Bir Miteur, Gebel Miteur, Jebel Miteur), 28 km NW of Foum Tatahouine" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1484204", "collectionId": "25325", "identifiedName": "Sigilmassasaurus cf. brevicollis", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70978", "collectionReferenceId": "7098", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Gara Sbaa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Er Remlia, Gara es Sbaa [Gara Sbaa Fm.]", "collection_aka": "Gara Sba, Gara Sbâa", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Kem Kem beds have distinct upper and lower units in this region, with fossils found in both parts. The formation lies conformably below the Cenomanian-Turonian limestone. The \"fossiliferous zone\" ocuupies about 90 meters of section overlapping both members.", "geogcomments": "near Gara es Sbaa, about 50 km NE of Hassi Zguilma and 60 km SW of Ouzina and Taouz, Kem Kem region, Morocco; E of oasis of Er Remlia" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1484205", "collectionId": "58577", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83707", "collectionReferenceId": "16632", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "Echkar", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "Iguidi", "collection_aka": "In Abangarit", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "W of In Abangarit oasis, Iguidi region\r\nexact coordinate given by Sereno and Larsson 2009" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1588637", "collectionId": "224512", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80641", "collectionReferenceId": "80641", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Béchar", "county": "", "formation": "Grès rouges", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kénadsa", "collection_aka": "Kenadsa", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"This detrital formation was named in previous studies Grès continentaux anté-Cénomaniens’ (Menchikoff, 1936; Levy, 1949), ‘Grès continentaux infra- Cénomaniens’ (Clariond, 1939; Choubert and Faure-Muret, 1962); ‘Continental intercalaire’ (Kilian, 1931; Deleau, 1951, 1952), and it may correspond to the northern part of the “Palaeo-Niger” delta crossing Western Sahara before and after the Atlantic Ocean opening\"", "geogcomments": "Kénadsa, S part of Guir Basin" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1588652", "collectionId": "224513", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80641", "collectionReferenceId": "80641", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Béchar", "county": "", "formation": "Grès rouges", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Menaguir", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"This detrital formation was named in previous studies Grès continentaux anté-Cénomaniens’ (Menchikoff, 1936; Levy, 1949), ‘Grès continentaux infra- Cénomaniens’ (Clariond, 1939; Choubert and Faure-Muret, 1962); ‘Continental intercalaire’ (Kilian, 1931; Deleau, 1951, 1952), and it may correspond to the northern part of the “Palaeo-Niger” delta crossing Western Sahara before and after the Atlantic Ocean opening\"", "geogcomments": "Menaguir, N part of Guir Basin" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1605926", "collectionId": "116297", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82497", "collectionReferenceId": "53516", "cc": "TN", "state": "Tataouine", "county": "", "formation": "Aïn el Guettar", "member": "Oum ed Diab", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Oued el Khil", "collection_aka": "Oued Khil", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "could pertain to Chenin Mbr (lower Albian), but most of this site has been reassigned to the Oum ed Diab Member.", "geogcomments": "Oued el Khil" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1606774", "collectionId": "227231", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82692", "collectionReferenceId": "82692", "cc": "DZ", "state": "Illizi", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Oued Ameregh", "collection_aka": "Oued Ameragh", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Oued Ameregh (Ameragh), area S of Cretaceous cliffs near In Akhamil and N of In Amenas" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1617429", "collectionId": "228906", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83707", "collectionReferenceId": "83707", "cc": "NE", "state": "Zinder", "county": "", "formation": "Echkar", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "Egaro North", "collection_aka": "Égaro", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality north of Egaro, Chad Basin" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1621757", "collectionId": "123828", "identifiedName": "Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83956", "collectionReferenceId": "39831", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Gara Sbaa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Begaa, Hammada des Kem Kem [general]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "lower part of Kem Kem, equivalent to Ifezouane Fm. elsewhere in region.\r\nSee revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "near the village of Begaa, 10 km north-east of Taouz, Hammada des Kem Kem area" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1621758", "collectionId": "123828", "identifiedName": "cf. Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83956", "collectionReferenceId": "39831", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Gara Sbaa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Begaa, Hammada des Kem Kem [general]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "lower part of Kem Kem, equivalent to Ifezouane Fm. elsewhere in region.\r\nSee revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "near the village of Begaa, 10 km north-east of Taouz, Hammada des Kem Kem area" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1621760", "collectionId": "229406", "identifiedName": "cf. Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83956", "collectionReferenceId": "83956", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Douira", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Erfoud [general]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "equivalent to Aoufous Fm. elsewhere in Kem Kem region (listed in refs as this)", "geogcomments": "Erfoud area, including \"north of Erfoud\"" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1622757", "collectionId": "123828", "identifiedName": "? Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84120", "collectionReferenceId": "39831", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Gara Sbaa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Begaa, Hammada des Kem Kem [general]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "lower part of Kem Kem, equivalent to Ifezouane Fm. elsewhere in region.\r\nSee revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "near the village of Begaa, 10 km north-east of Taouz, Hammada des Kem Kem area" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1625960", "collectionId": "230106", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84653", "collectionReferenceId": "84653", "cc": "MA", "state": "Errachidia", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Kem Kem, Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont collection", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group", "stratcomments": "See revised palaeontology and geology of the Kem Kem beds in Ibrahim et al. 2020 ", "geogcomments": "unknown locality of the southern Errachdia Province, close to the Morocco–Algeria boundary" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1630646", "collectionId": "229406", "identifiedName": "? Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85462", "collectionReferenceId": "83956", "cc": "MA", "state": "Drâa-Tafilalet", "county": "Errachidia", "formation": "Douira", "member": "", "geological_group": "Kem Kem", "collection_name": "Erfoud [general]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "equivalent to Aoufous Fm. elsewhere in Kem Kem region (listed in refs as this)", "geogcomments": "Erfoud area, including \"north of Erfoud\"" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2063475", "collectionId": "278624", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus mirabilis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus mirabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94635", "collectionReferenceId": "94635", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez Region", "county": "Jenguebi area", "formation": "Farak", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sirig Taghat", "collection_aka": "Spinosaurus mirabilis type locality", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38598", "genus": "Spinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2063476", "collectionId": "278625", "identifiedName": "Spinosaurus mirabilis", "acceptedName": "Spinosaurus mirabilis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94635", "collectionReferenceId": "94635", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez Region", "county": "Jenguebi area", "formation": "Farak", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Iguidi fossil area", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Spinosauridae", "Spinosaurinae", "Spinosaurini", "Spinosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Spinosauridae", "clade:Spinosaurinae", "clade:Spinosaurini", "genus:38598" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38598" ], "candidateIds": [ "38598" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "71392", "name": "Spinostropheus", "displayName": "Spinostropheus", "attribution": "Sereno et al. 2004", "rawAttribution": "Sereno et al. 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71392", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Spinostropheus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "71392" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71392", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Spinostropheus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71392" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "71392", "genus": "Spinostropheus", "occurrenceId": "260836", "collectionId": "25221", "identifiedName": "Elaphrosaurus gautieri", "acceptedName": "Spinostropheus gautieri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7056", "collectionReferenceId": "45826", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "Echkar", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tegama", "collection_name": "In Abangarit-Tamesna", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 18; West of In Abangharit", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"upper part of the Continental Intercalaire, a little below the Cenomanian-Turonian\" limestone", "geogcomments": "area W of In Abangarit (= Iguidi), in the S part of the Tamesna region" }, { "genusId": "71392", "genus": "Spinostropheus", "occurrenceId": "260899", "collectionId": "25226", "identifiedName": "Elaphrosaurus gautieri n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Spinostropheus gautieri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7056", "collectionReferenceId": "45920", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Irhazer", "collection_name": "Oued Timmersöi, west of In Tedreft", "collection_aka": "Lapparent site 22a, Ti-m-Meghsoi", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group", "stratcomments": "\"lower part of the 'Continental Intercalaire'\"", "geogcomments": "15 km W of Tedreft well, on the eastern side of the Oued (Wadi) Timmersöi (= Ti-m-Meghsoi)" }, { "genusId": "71392", "genus": "Spinostropheus", "occurrenceId": "1606766", "collectionId": "59643", "identifiedName": "Spinostropheus gautieri", "acceptedName": "Spinostropheus gautieri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16632", "collectionReferenceId": "10484", "cc": "NE", "state": "Agadez", "county": "", "formation": "Tiourarén", "member": "", "geological_group": "Irhazer", "collection_name": "Fako (lower)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Previously considered Bathonian–Callovian, but theropod remains suggest a Late Jurassic age for the fossiliferous horizons of the Tacuarembó Formation (see Serrano-Martínez et al. 2015 and Soto et al. 2020).", "geogcomments": "Fako, ESE of In Gall" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Spinostropheus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "genus:71392" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38600", "71392" ], "candidateIds": [ "38600", "71392" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38508", "name": "Staurikosaurus", "displayName": "Staurikosaurus", "attribution": "Colbert 1970", "rawAttribution": "Colbert 1970", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38508", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Herrerasauridae", "Staurikosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38510", "38508" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Herrerasauridae › Staurikosaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Carnivory inferred within an anatomically predatory bracket, including genera without diagnostic teeth.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D8", "title": "A new taxon of saurischian dinosaur from the Coelophysis Quarry of New Mexico, USA (Triassic: latest Norian or Rhaetian) highlights herrerasaurian diversity in the latest Triassic", "authors": "Srivastava and Nesbitt", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/spp2.70069", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.70069", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text available; abstract, diagnosis and phylogenetic passages read", "dietSupport": "Ptychotherates belongs in a morphoraptoran/herrerasaurian bracket. The paper supplies placement, not direct feeding evidence; carnivory is an explicit relative-based inference.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view2", "turn465view4" ] }, { "id": "D9", "title": "Gnathovorax cabreirai: a new early dinosaur and the origin and initial radiation of predatory dinosaurs", "authors": "Pacheco et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7963", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6844243/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental morphology and predatory discussion read", "dietSupport": "Blade-like, recurved, compressed serrated crowns and comparative anatomy support predatory feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view1", "turn587view2" ] }, { "id": "D10", "title": "The osteology of the early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early dinosaurs", "authors": "Nesbitt and Sues", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa080", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/1/150/5879911", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; feeding discussion read; online publication 2020, volume 2021", "dietSupport": "Carnivory inferred from unusual procumbent dentition. Also supports comparisons with predatory Tawa/Chindesaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view3", "turn591view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "carnivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38508", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Staurikosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38508" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38508", "genus": "Staurikosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486188", "collectionId": "48658", "identifiedName": "Staurikosaurus pricei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Staurikosaurus pricei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12492", "collectionReferenceId": "12492", "cc": "BR", "state": "Rio Grande do Sul", "county": "", "formation": "Santa Maria", "member": "Alemoa", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Alemõa, Sanga Baixo (MCZ)", "collection_aka": "Staurikosaurus type site, Sanga Grande, Santa Maria", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Rhynchocephalian (Scaphonyx) Assemblage Zone, middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "Sanga Grande (Baixo), at Alemõa, kilometer 3, E outskirts of Santa Maria" }, { "genusId": "38508", "genus": "Staurikosaurus", "occurrenceId": "896129", "collectionId": "72090", "identifiedName": "Teyuwasu barberenai n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Staurikosaurus pricei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34120", "collectionReferenceId": "24388", "cc": "BR", "state": "Rio Grande do Sul", "county": "", "formation": "Santa Maria", "member": "Alemoa", "geological_group": "Rosário do Sul", "collection_name": "Sanga 3, Große Sanga, Santa Maria (lower)", "collection_aka": "Huene, Grosse Sanga", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Santa Maria 2 (upper half of Santa Maria Formation), from the so-called \"Rhynchosaur Cenozone\" or \"Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone\". The Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone has generally considered been late Carnian in age, but could extend into the early Norian.", "geogcomments": "near Santa Maria, between Allemoa and Sao José" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Herrerasauridae", "Staurikosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Herrerasauridae", "genus:38508" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "candidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38787", "name": "Stegoceras", "displayName": "Stegoceras", "attribution": "Lambe 1902", "rawAttribution": "Lambe 1902", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38787", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Eupachycephalosauria", "Stegoceras" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38782", "427307", "38787" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38787", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Stegoceras", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38787" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "468945", "collectionId": "14446", "identifiedName": "? Stegoceras validus", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3008", "collectionReferenceId": "3008", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Chouteau", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Clambank Hollow Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "40 feet below top of formation; Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec 31, T24N, R17E; in a small creek running parallel to an E-W dirt road N of the silos of the Halley ranch." }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "478797", "collectionId": "47629", "identifiedName": "Ornatotholus browni", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12772", "collectionReferenceId": "12772", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "White Rock Coulee (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unknown section, T17, R3, W 4th meridian, White Rock Coulee, near Medicine Hat, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "483679", "collectionId": "14491", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13582", "collectionReferenceId": "2602", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Turtle Hill", "collection_aka": "Canadian Coulee West; UCMP V-78092", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "Kennedy Coulee" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "485973", "collectionId": "48618", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras browni n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24421", "collectionReferenceId": "17480", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "1 mile below Steveville (75 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Ornatotholus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm,", "geogcomments": "left bank of Red Deer River, 75 feet above river, 1 mile (1/6 km) below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "485974", "collectionId": "48619", "identifiedName": "Ornatotholus browni", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12772", "collectionReferenceId": "12772", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Horner pachycephalosaur site (PU 22327)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "mouth of Sand Creek on Red Deer River, near Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "485975", "collectionId": "48620", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24421", "collectionReferenceId": "24421", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Blaine", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Missouri Breaks, pachycephalosaur site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along E side of road, in breaks of Missouri River, 50 miles (80 km) S of Chinook, Blaine Co., MT" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "488095", "collectionId": "14470", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13582", "collectionReferenceId": "39778", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Makela-French 1 (Mammal 1)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-77083, Makela's French I, Ward's Extension, UCMP V-79109", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "Kennedy Coulee. Includes later \"Ward's Extension\" to Makela-French 1" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "500520", "collectionId": "50825", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13582", "collectionReferenceId": "13582", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Princeton Microsite, UCMP V-82179", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Kennedy Coulee, Hill Co." }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "500524", "collectionId": "50826", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13582", "collectionReferenceId": "13582", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Liberty", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Dave's Pachycephalosaur, UCMP V-81231", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Turner Ranch, Liberty Co." }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "501213", "collectionId": "50827", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13582", "collectionReferenceId": "13582", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Makela-French (General), UCMP V-77086", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Kennedy Coulee, Hill Co." }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "501215", "collectionId": "50828", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13582", "collectionReferenceId": "13582", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Second Pachycephalosaur, UCMP V-83037", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Kennedy Coulee, Hill Co." }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "501216", "collectionId": "50829", "identifiedName": "Ornatotholus browni", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13582", "collectionReferenceId": "13582", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Slippery Point, UCMP V-82218", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Kennedy Coulee, Hill Co." }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "501217", "collectionId": "50830", "identifiedName": "Hanssuesia sternbergi", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14453", "collectionReferenceId": "13582", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Lost River Pachycephalosaur, UCMP V-83237", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S bank of Milk River, Super Coulee, Hill Co." }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "501519", "collectionId": "14437", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1487", "collectionReferenceId": "25474", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Careless Creek Quarry (CCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the lower 1/3rd of the local section according to Penkalski and Dodson 1999\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma, ", "geogcomments": "on Careless Creek Ranch (owned by Lammers family), near Shawmut, Wheatland Co., about 150 km NW of Billings and 160 km S of Leidy-Cope localities on Missouri R." }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "501564", "collectionId": "50906", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1487", "collectionReferenceId": "1487", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Karen's Quarry (KQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "501574", "collectionId": "50907", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1487", "collectionReferenceId": "1487", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Antelope Head Quarry (AHQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "519909", "collectionId": "52903", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14263", "collectionReferenceId": "14263", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Coke's Pachy, UCMP V-88074", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "521253", "collectionId": "14494", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3313", "collectionReferenceId": "3313", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "Coal Ridge", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Woodpile Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "521705", "collectionId": "53514", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras novomexicanum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras novomexicanum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46742", "collectionReferenceId": "81221", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Hunter Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pinabete Arroyo, NMMNH Loc. L-3097", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. ID as Farmington Member", "geogcomments": "from the head of Pinabete Arroyo, San Juan County, on lands of the Navajo Nation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico. sec. 31, T24N, R14W according to Jasinski & Sullivan 2011." }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "528331", "collectionId": "53976", "identifiedName": "Troodon validus", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14571", "collectionReferenceId": "14571", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 58, Steveville", "collection_aka": "Sternberg Quarry 3, U.A.2, UA2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm. and the \"Pale\" beds of the Belly River Series", "geogcomments": "vicinity of Steveville, Red Deer River; NW 1/4, sec 27, T21, R12, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "565497", "collectionId": "59107", "identifiedName": "Troodon validus", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "12773", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "6 miles above Sand Creek [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "6 mi above Sand Creek" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "578258", "collectionId": "60876", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25127", "collectionReferenceId": "25127", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Stegoceras type, Berry Creek east, GSC (NMC)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "E side of Red Deer River, below mouth of Berry Creek" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "584088", "collectionId": "61452", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13582", "collectionReferenceId": "13582", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR JR-009", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "9.6 mi (16 km) S of Shawmut (km and mi reversed in text)" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "606142", "collectionId": "64646", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validus", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17550", "collectionReferenceId": "17550", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Berry Creek south, GSC (NMC 138)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "below mouth of Berry Creek, Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "606143", "collectionId": "64647", "identifiedName": "Troodon validus", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "17550", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "below mouth of Berry Creek (NMC 158)", "collection_aka": "GSC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "below mouth of Berry Creek, Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "606144", "collectionId": "64648", "identifiedName": "Troodon sternbergi", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "12773", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "below mouth of Berry Creek (NMC 192)", "collection_aka": "GSC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "below mouth of Berry Creek, Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "606148", "collectionId": "64652", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validus", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17550", "collectionReferenceId": "17550", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "2.5 miles east of Happy Jack Ferry (NMC)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "2.5 mi E of Happy Jack Ferry, Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "606151", "collectionId": "64656", "identifiedName": "Troodon sternbergi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "12773", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "southeast of Steveville (NMC)", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SE of Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "606152", "collectionId": "64657", "identifiedName": "Troodon validus", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "17550", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville south pachycephalosaurs, GSC (NMC)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S of Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "606153", "collectionId": "64658", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validus", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17550", "collectionReferenceId": "17550", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "south of Steveville (NMC 2369)", "collection_aka": "GSC, Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S of Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "606154", "collectionId": "64659", "identifiedName": "cf. 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Stegoceras validum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14453", "collectionReferenceId": "17550", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sand Creek, Red Deer River (NMC 1914)", "collection_aka": "GSC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sand Creek, Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "606158", "collectionId": "64662", "identifiedName": "Troodon validus", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "17550", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sand Creek, Red Deer River (NMC 2378)", "collection_aka": "GSC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sand Creek, Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "606159", "collectionId": "64663", "identifiedName": "Troodon validus", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "12773", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sand Creek, Red Deer River (NMC 2379)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sand Creek, Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "606161", "collectionId": "64665", "identifiedName": "Troodon validus", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "12773", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Red Deer River pachycephalosaurs (NMC)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "668728", "collectionId": "72143", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24421", "collectionReferenceId": "24421", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Billy Creek, CM Loc. 982", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from Billy Creek, MT" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "668729", "collectionId": "72144", "identifiedName": "Gravitholus albertae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24421", "collectionReferenceId": "24421", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Jenner Ferry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "suspected to come from Dinosaur Park Fm. but in fact from Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "near Jenner Ferry - but coordinates are 9 km S of Jenner Bridge and ca. 6 km from nearest bedrock outcrop." }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "715462", "collectionId": "76714", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25954", "collectionReferenceId": "25954", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH Loc. 4716", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "715649", "collectionId": "76752", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46742", "collectionReferenceId": "16964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 23, One Tree Creek", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 23, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": " located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta, in the One Tree Creek (Onetree Creek) area" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "1134861", "collectionId": "76714", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras novomexicanum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras novomexicanum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46742", "collectionReferenceId": "25954", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH Loc. 4716", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "1134862", "collectionId": "144518", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras novomexicanum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras novomexicanum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46742", "collectionReferenceId": "46742", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-3097", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Based on Figure 1 in Jasinski and Sullivan (2011)" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "1134863", "collectionId": "144519", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras novomexicanum n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras novomexicanum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46742", "collectionReferenceId": "46742", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "Fossil Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sargent Ranch, SMP Loc. 450", "collection_aka": "Target 8", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Based on Figure 1. On the Sargent Ranch Quad" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "1134864", "collectionId": "144520", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras novomexicanum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras novomexicanum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46742", "collectionReferenceId": "46742", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Hunter Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sargent Ranch, SMP Loc. 461", "collection_aka": "Target 9", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Based on Figure 1. On the Sargent Ranch Quad" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "1629364", "collectionId": "230768", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras validum", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras validum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14453", "collectionReferenceId": "14453", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sandy Point pachycephalosaur", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sandy Point, South Saskatchewan River, SW of Empress, Alberta. Sec 33, T20N, R1W, 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38787", "genus": "Stegoceras", "occurrenceId": "1685056", "collectionId": "151416", "identifiedName": "Stegoceras sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegoceras", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90709", "collectionReferenceId": "48379", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "TMM 42880, Tyrannosaur locality", "collection_aka": "TxVP 42800, Purple Hill bonebed #2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "Precise locality data unknown, based on collection TMM 41838, NE Sierra Aguja. TMM/TxVP 42880 = bonebed #2 at the ‘‘Purple Hill” locality of Sankey, 2010, just SE of Rattlesnake Mtn." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "The 2023 revision supports Stegoceras validum including the reviewed Hanssuesia and Gravitholus type morphologies; use explicit specimen referrals rather than every historic row.", "references": [ { "id": "dyer2023", "title": "Problematic putative pachycephalosaurids: Synchrotron µCT imaging shines new light on the anatomy and taxonomic validity of Gravitholus albertae from the Belly River Group (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada", "publicationYear": 2023, "publicationDate": "2023-02-18", "doi": "10.18435/vamp29388", "url": "https://www.dinosaurier-info.de/bibliothek/pdf_p/2023/Dyer%2Bet%2Bal%2BGravitholus.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Morphometric results", "Systematic conclusions", "Specimen comparisons" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Volume 10 issue 1 carries a 2022 issue label; publication landing page reports February 2023." } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Eupachycephalosauria", "Stegoceras" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Pachycephalosauria", "clade:Eupachycephalosauria", "genus:38787" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38786", "38790", "38787" ], "candidateIds": [ "38786", "38790", "38787" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "63885", "name": "Stegopelta", "displayName": "Stegopelta", "attribution": "Williston 1905", "rawAttribution": "Williston 1905", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63885", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Stegopelta" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "63885" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63885", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Stegopelta", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63885" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Hayakawa, Manabe & Carpenter (2005), Nodosaurid Ankylosaur from the Cenomanian of Japan", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249023613_Nodosaurid_Ankylosaur_from_the_Cenomanian_of_Japan", "access": "author-uploaded primary article Table 1 read; North American horizons compile Carpenter & Kirkland 1998" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "63885", "genus": "Stegopelta", "occurrenceId": "292842", "collectionId": "27889", "identifiedName": "Stegopelta landerensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegopelta landerensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7645", "collectionReferenceId": "7646", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Frontier", "member": "Belle Fourche", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Conant Creek, Lander", "collection_aka": "Stegopelta type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member; originally described as the \"Hailey Shale\" Formation\r\n\r\nThe lower unit is of Early Cenomanian age, whereas the upper unit is of Late Cenomanian age (Bloch et al., 1993).\r\n", "geogcomments": "southern Big Horn Mountains, Conant Creek, near Lander, WY; T33N, R93 or 94W" }, { "genusId": "63885", "genus": "Stegopelta", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "nodosauridae-1", "formation": "Frontier" }, { "genusId": "63885", "genus": "Stegopelta", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "nodosauridae-2", "member": "Belle Fourche", "formation": "Frontier" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Stegopelta" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:63885" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "38823", "63885" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "frontier", "wyoming" ], "label": "Frontier Formation · Wyoming · US", "occurrenceId": "292842", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nodosaurus", "Stegopelta" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nodosaurus": [ "297018" ], "Stegopelta": [ "292842" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38823", "63885" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38814", "name": "Stegosaurus", "displayName": "Stegosaurus", "attribution": "Marsh 1877", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1877", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38814", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Neostegosauria", "Stegosaurinae", "Stegosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "38803", "519743", "54855", "38814" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38814", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Stegosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38814" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/Stegosaurus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "149599", "collectionId": "13214", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4387", "collectionReferenceId": "52556", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Converse", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freeze Out Mtns. Kansas Univ. Expedition", "collection_aka": "Freezeout Hills Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "referred to in text as \"Atlantosaurus Beds\" and \"Como Beds\", and as Lower Cretaceous", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in the Freeze Out Mountains, Converse Co." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "219973", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "58803", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220057", "collectionId": "22678", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5760", "collectionReferenceId": "50240", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Hot Spings", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RB Quarry, Warm Springs Ranch", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1553, Bone Bed, BB Quarry, I Quarry, WY-99, WY-100, WY--101, WY-102, RoadBone", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "seven fossiliferous layers", "geogcomments": "name originally given as \"RB\" but should be \"BB\"?; Also listed as the \"RoadBone Quarries: - PL, AD, RB, and TH; probably includes the \"I Quarry\" of Foster (2003)." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220164", "collectionId": "22711", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15020", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 94, Rainbow Park microsite", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur National Monument, UT-25", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, \"zone 6\"", "geogcomments": "northern part of Dinosaur National Monument" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "225585", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15567", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "296498", "collectionId": "28382", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus armatus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7808", "collectionReferenceId": "7808", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lakes Quarry 5, Morrison (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Beckwith Quarry, Dinosaur Ridge, Saurian Quarry 5", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "\"eastern flank of Rocky Mountains,\" near Morrison, Jefferson Co., Colorado. Near locality of Atlantosaurus montanus. sec. 26, T4S, R70W, and possibly now part of a roadcut for the Alameda Parkway on the W side of Dinosaur Ridge" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408058", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus ungulatus", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus ungulatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7814", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408059", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sulcatus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus sulcatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10619", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408060", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Diracodon laticeps n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Diracodon laticeps", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7816", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408065", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10619", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408078", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "? Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408080", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408082", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus stenops n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408083", "collectionId": "28366", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10606", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-3, Marsh-Felch Quarry, Marsh Quarry, Oil Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Recent radiometric dates for several Garden Park localities suggest an approximate age of 152 Ma for the quarry (Trujillo and Kowallis, 2015; Whitlock et al., 2018)\r\n\r\n\"The bone-bearing horizon is not more than 3 feet thick vertically\", and is \"about 150 feet above the red Triassic sandstones\". 47.9 m above base of Morrison (J5 unconformity), w/in upper portion of 16 m thick interval contianing four sandstone bodies. Quarry in sandbody 4, with bones in two distinct layers.", "geogcomments": "11 km N of Cañon City, Colorado. NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of sec. 28, T17S, R70W. S end of Garden Park. Site above a cliff on N side of arroyo feeding into Four Mile (= Oil) Creek (main drainage for Garden Park)." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408404", "collectionId": "39253", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus affinis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89529", "collectionReferenceId": "7803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 13, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-46, Quarry 13 West, Quarry 13 Middle, Quarry 13 East, 13W, 13E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in formation, Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff, Albany Co., WY (possibly section 6); 8 miles E of Como. Includes Quarry 13 West, 13 Middle, 13 East" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408751", "collectionId": "39342", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 4, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Truckstop Quarry, WY-40", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "top of Unit B", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4 of sec. 6 (listed as sec. 5 in Connely 2002), T22N, R76W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408764", "collectionId": "39347", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 8, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-19", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "S 1/2 of sec. 11, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408840", "collectionId": "39369", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus duplex n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus duplex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10619", "collectionReferenceId": "7816", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 11, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-18", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of SW 1/4 of sec. 12, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408856", "collectionId": "39370", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus ungulatus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus ungulatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7814", "collectionReferenceId": "7814", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 12, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Robber's Roost, WY-29, Robber's Gulch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 of sec. 18, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "408884", "collectionId": "39372", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10618", "collectionReferenceId": "10618", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry B, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit A", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4 of sec. 5, T22N, R76W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481762", "collectionId": "48129", "identifiedName": "Hypsirophus discurus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Hypsirophus discurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "4402", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cope Quarry III, Cope's Nipple", "collection_aka": "Saurian Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near the top of the Morrison Formation", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, CO. Near Quarry II on SW side of Saurian Hill. Located S of the Camarasaurus supremus Quarry (Quarry I)." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481971", "collectionId": "48160", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "63580", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kessler's Quarry, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "DMNH Quarry 2, CO-7", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "E side (also \"south end\") of Garden Park, 10 mi. N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO. On property owned by the Diamond Fire Brick Company" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481984", "collectionId": "48161", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55055", "collectionReferenceId": "14309", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Small's Quarry, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "DMNH Quarry 6, CO-11", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation, also described as \"low in the Brushy Basin Member\"", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "481996", "collectionId": "48164", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Greg's Bone, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "482006", "collectionId": "48170", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus cf. stenops", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12893", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kenny's Stegosaurus, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-75", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490817", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13255", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491215", "collectionId": "49338", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14256", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 1, Kenton (OMNH V92)", "collection_aka": "OK-1, WPA, OMNH Quarry 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12.04 m below top of formation; 38 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co. On Hwy 64, about 100 yds E of bridge crossing Carrizo Creek, 10 mi E of NM-OK line" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491221", "collectionId": "49596", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85444", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 5, Kenton (OMNH V94)", "collection_aka": "OK-2, WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "39 m above the J5 unconformity", "geogcomments": "0.8 km northeast of Quarry 6 along the SE margin of Black Mesa; E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491252", "collectionId": "49577", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "12200", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry West (BCQ West)", "collection_aka": "WY-79, Bone Cabin Quarry Extension, Bone Cabin Quarry-E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"equivalent to Upper Salt Wash Member\" and in \"Lower Dinosaur Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491434", "collectionId": "49626", "identifiedName": "? Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "41026", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Green River Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "UT-9; UMNH VP Loc. 60, UGS EM363V", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "just W of Green River; sec 3, T21S, R14E, Emery Co. = Utah Geol. Survey EM363V = UMNH VP LOC 60" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491440", "collectionId": "49628", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Louise Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-22", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near center of the upper N face of Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491445", "collectionId": "49627", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nail Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WY-39, WDIS Quarry 2b", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Talking Rocks Member\" near middle of formation; located just above caliche boundary in Unit B.", "geogcomments": "a few km E of Louise Quarry, near Como Bluff; T. 22 N ., R. 77 W ., Sec. 1" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534758", "collectionId": "55329", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14818", "collectionReferenceId": "14818", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kings View Quarry, Fruita", "collection_aka": "MWC locality L-2002-11", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle of member", "geogcomments": "about 3 km S of Fruita, near Colorado River, about 400 m W of Riggs Quarry 15 at Dinosaur Hill" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "536363", "collectionId": "55323", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14966", "collectionReferenceId": "53328", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ninemile Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Nine Mile Crossing, Nine Mile Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "about 5 mi SW of Bone Cabin Quarry, at the Ninemile Crossing of the Little Medicine Bow River" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "536372", "collectionId": "55483", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14966", "collectionReferenceId": "14966", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH Stego 99 Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-80, Jeff Parker's Quarry; Jeff P Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in formation", "geogcomments": "2.5 km SW of Bone Cabin Quarry, near Little Medicine Bow River" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "536412", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus cf. stenops", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus stenops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "58571", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "540085", "collectionId": "48837", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "53184", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry N, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "Freezeout Mountains, Freezeout Hills", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.), orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "540440", "collectionId": "56421", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "14256", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Cimarron", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Kenton", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stovall's Pit 3A, Kenton (OMNH)", "collection_aka": "WPA", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle of formation", "geogcomments": "E of Kenton, Cimarron Co., OK" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541166", "collectionId": "56586", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus ungulatus", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus ungulatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63751", "collectionReferenceId": "15239", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bollan Quarry, Rabbit Valley", "collection_aka": "Bollan Stegosaurus, CO-27, Bollan's Site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in Brushy Basin Mbr., 25 ft. above the base", "geogcomments": "amphitheater at head of McDonald Creek, just N of I-70 in Rabbit Valley; part of Rabbit Valley Research Natural Area" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541716", "collectionId": "56684", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53013", "collectionReferenceId": "53013", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Holt Quarry", "collection_aka": "Riggs Hill, Fruita, Holt's Quarry 1, Holt's Quarry 2, CO-46, CO-47", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "116 ft below top of member (48 ft above Riggs Quarry 13)", "geogcomments": "150 ft NW of Riggs Quarry 13, near Fruita, CO. 3 mi N of Quarry 12. in N 1/2, NE 1/4, sec 26, T11S, R101W, approx 5 mi W of downtown Grand Junction.\r\nSeems to combine taxa listed as pertaining to Holt's Quarry 1 and 2 in Turner and Peterson (1999)." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541892", "collectionId": "52816", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "13855", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry E, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541898", "collectionId": "46468", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "14707", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Big Al Quarry (MOR M-106)", "collection_aka": "WY-61, BAQ", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle of formation", "geogcomments": "coordinates for nearby Shell, WY; site is 300 m NE of Howe Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "541899", "collectionId": "39340", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "7813", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 3, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "WY-20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "S 1/2 of SW 1/4 of sec. 11, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557968", "collectionId": "57896", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freezeout Hills Quarry O", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.)" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557972", "collectionId": "57899", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry G, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "557974", "collectionId": "57900", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry J, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "558009", "collectionId": "57913", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15567", "collectionReferenceId": "15567", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "DNM 96, Rainbow Park microsite", "collection_aka": "UT-26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Located in Rainbow Park where the Green River enters Split Mountain Gorge" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560976", "collectionId": "58510", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry (MSM)", "collection_aka": "WY-71", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo; on the sheep ranch of John Arno, NW 1/4, Sec. 36, T48N, R83W, Johnson County, Wyoming, Robinson Canyon Quadrangle 7.5 series" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560982", "collectionId": "58515", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Utah Field House Quarry, DNM", "collection_aka": "UT-13, Dinosaur National Monument", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower half of formation", "geogcomments": "Utah Field House, Dinosaur National Monument" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "560985", "collectionId": "58516", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63754", "collectionReferenceId": "53254", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mill Canyon Quarry (BYU)", "collection_aka": "Mill Canyon Dinosaur Trail", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NW of Moab; near I-70 milepost 141. T24S, R20E (no section given), in the Salt Valley, ca. 9 km NE of the axis of the Salt Valley Anticline. From a 9-m-high ridge on the W side of Mill Canyon Wash. Also includes nearby Mill Canyon Dinosaur Trail." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "591707", "collectionId": "62561", "identifiedName": "cf. Stegosaurus armatus", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76174", "collectionReferenceId": "18060", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Canyon Ranch Quarry", "collection_aka": "Hope College REU, Dinosaur Safari Inc., Simon Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper Morrison", "geogcomments": "Red Canyon Ranch, near Shell" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "647861", "collectionId": "69890", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mother's Day Quarry", "collection_aka": "Mothers Day Site, MDQ, MT-1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower half of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, approximately 12 m above the underlying Swift Formation\"", "geogcomments": "site is near the type locality for Deinonychus; NE rim of Bighorn Basin" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "663698", "collectionId": "71476", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "63779", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "FPA General Site (LACM)", "collection_aka": "Fruita Paleontological Area, LACM Loc. 4684, 6174, CO-33", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Base of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation immediately above the \"clay change\" horizon (see Kirkland 2006, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36:67-95, fig. 6, pg. 93). Turner & Peterson (1999, Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geol. Survey Misc. Publ. 99-1, 77-114) placed the Fruita localities (listed as CO-33 in their stratigraphic sections) within the Kimmeridgian, and within their \"Dinosaur Zone 2\" and \"charophyte-ostracod Zone 4\". Stratigraphic horizons closely equivalent to the Fruitadens quarries yield 40Ar/39Ar isotopic dates of 150.3 +/- 0.3 Ma and 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma (see Turner & Peterson 1999). This would place the Fruita quarries within the early Tithonian on recent timescales. ", "geogcomments": "Fruita Paleontological Area, 4.8 km WSW of Fruita; S 1/2 sec 13 and N 1/2 sec 24, T1N, R3W, Ute principal meridian. Evans 1996: \"a series of sublocalities...all apparently exposing the same horizon\"" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "682889", "collectionId": "73610", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus cf. ungulatus", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus ungulatus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24681", "collectionReferenceId": "24681", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Alcobaça", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Casal Novo, Batalha", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Casal Novo, Batalha, central Portugal" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "702806", "collectionId": "75453", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zane Quarry, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "WY-92", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"lowermost two meters of the Morrison Formation\" - four quarries within 16.5 m. 9-Mile Ranch facies", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek area; specific location not given. Four quarries are present, but it is not clear whether this list pertains to one or all of them." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "708202", "collectionId": "31193", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8402", "collectionReferenceId": "8402", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Mussentuchit", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ferron - Part IV", "collection_aka": "Cedar Mountain Formation", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "Kirkland et al. 2016 stated that Tempskya are only known from the Mussentuchit Member within the Cedar Mountain Formation. This is recently believed to be Cenomanian in age according to Tucker et al. 2020.\r\n\r\nA radiometric age of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma was obtained by the OMNH from volcanic ash within the Mussentuchit Member (Cifelli and others, 1997, 1999). Additional ages by Garrison and others (2007) ranging from 96.7 ± 0.5 to 98.2 ±0.6 Ma indicate that the Mussentuchit Member was deposited over an interval of 1.5 Ma during the early Cenomanian and supports a correlation with the siliceous marine Mowry Shale to the north, which is well-constrained from 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages obtained from bentonite beds that bracket the Mowry in Wyoming; the basal Arrow Creek Bentonite is 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma and the capping Clay Spur Bentonite is 97.2 ± 0.7 Ma (Obradovich, 1993; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012; Sprinkel and others, 2012) near the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Tucker et al. 2020 also suggested a likely depositional age of ~96-94Ma for the Musseuntuchit member.\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "Desert Lake Quadrangle" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1098143", "collectionId": "58514", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44416", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Wayne", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hanksville-Burpee Quarry", "collection_aka": "UT-1", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of upper Brushy Basin Member", "geogcomments": "near Hanksville" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123592", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus ungulatus", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus ungulatus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1189696", "collectionId": "57894", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49550", "collectionReferenceId": "78581", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freezeout Hills Quarry 6 (FMNH)", "collection_aka": "Carnegie Quarry M, University of Kansas Loc. 17", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.)" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1197957", "collectionId": "38883", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50456", "collectionReferenceId": "10502", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Gunnison", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CO-49, Dino Cove", "collection_aka": "Curecanti N.R.A., Blue Mesa Apatosaurus Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dino Cove, on Blue Mesa Reservoir, Curecanti N.R.A." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1197966", "collectionId": "154924", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50456", "collectionReferenceId": "50456", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Gunnison", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Northern Dinosaur Beach (CURE)", "collection_aka": "Curecanti, North Beach II", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Northern Dinosaur Beach, Blue Mesa Reservoir, Curecanti National Recreation Area; includes extension known as North Beach II" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1227704", "collectionId": "52815", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52605", "collectionReferenceId": "10490", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Carnegie Quarry C, Sheep Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek, 25 miles NE of Medicine Bow, WY; orig. in Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1237635", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53052", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1317660", "collectionId": "70032", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "33033", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cactus Park Quarry (BYU Loc. 681)", "collection_aka": "CO-55", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1317671", "collectionId": "176983", "identifiedName": "? Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "13281", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Johnson", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Poison Creek Quarry 1", "collection_aka": "WY-72", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "relatively low in the formation", "geogcomments": "SW of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1320134", "collectionId": "25141", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "58661", "collectionReferenceId": "12264", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Moffat", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Calico Gulch Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "Lily Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Calico Gulch Quarry at Lily Park, 195 miles from Dry Mesa Quarry, Moffat Co." }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1358692", "collectionId": "184626", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61877", "collectionReferenceId": "61877", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eriksen Stegosaur, FPA", "collection_aka": "Fruita, MWC #L-2006-1, CO-33, Lance's Stegosaur", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, above the local \"clay change\"", "geogcomments": "near Fruita, CO" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1377731", "collectionId": "188393", "identifiedName": "? Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "63168", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Guadalupe", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bull Canyon (UNM/1)", "collection_aka": "Luciano Mesa, NM-10", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"agate bed\" low in section", "geogcomments": "Bull Canyon area, near Luciano Mesa; SE 1/4, sec. 22, T9N, R26E" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1397017", "collectionId": "192450", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15179", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Stegosurus Knob, FPA", "collection_aka": "Fruita, LACM #5577, CO-35, Stego Knoll", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"channel 7\"", "geogcomments": "near Fruita, CO" }, { "genusId": "38814", "genus": "Stegosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1561464", "collectionId": "220417", "identifiedName": "Stegosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76998", "collectionReferenceId": "76998", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Aaron Scott Quarry [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=446235", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Stegouros", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=446235" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "446235", "genus": "Stegouros", "occurrenceId": "1583996", "collectionId": "210130", "identifiedName": "Stegouros elengassen n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stegouros elengassen", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78857", "collectionReferenceId": "72449", "cc": "CL", "state": "Última Esperanza", "county": "", "formation": "Dorotea", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SP-17, Saurópodo sector", "collection_aka": "Estancia Cerro Guido, Río de Las Chinas Valley", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "Eastern flank of the Río de Las Chinas Valley, located in the Estancia Cerro Guido, NW of Torres del Paine National Park, Última Esperanza Province, Magallanes y Antártica Chilena Region, Chilean Patagonia\r\n50° 42’ 42.72’’ S /72° 32’ 29, 08’’ W" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Parankylosauria", "Stegouros" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] }, { "id": "446235", "rationale": "Choose the published parankylosaur hypothesis, retaining a contracted basal thyreophoran attachment because placement relative to Eurypoda is unstable. 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Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38571", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Stenonychosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38571" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Targeted review", "url": "audit.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463391", "collectionId": "45753", "identifiedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12114", "collectionReferenceId": "12114", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "1.5 miles southwest of mouth, Berry Creek", "collection_aka": "NMC, Stenonychosaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about 160 feet below top; Belly River Fm is now a group; lower part of DPF, ca. 53 m below base of Bearpaw Fm.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, Sec. 21, T21, R12, W 4th meridian, \"Railway Grade\"; about 1.5 miles SW of mouth of Berry Creek (Steveville), W side of Red Deer River, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "472458", "collectionId": "46951", "identifiedName": "Troodon inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16964", "collectionReferenceId": "12473", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 187, Little Sandhill Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of DPF", "geogcomments": "LSD 1, Sec 6, T21, R11, W 4th meridian, Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565514", "collectionId": "59115", "identifiedName": "Troodon inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16964", "collectionReferenceId": "56332", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 144", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 7, sec 20, T21, R12, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565595", "collectionId": "59131", "identifiedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56332", "collectionReferenceId": "56332", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 157", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 21, T21, R12, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "796337", "collectionId": "14519", "identifiedName": "Saurornithoides inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12202", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bushy Tailed Blowout", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5711 (BTB locality)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123291", "collectionId": "142326", "identifiedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheep Mountain (CM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Sheep Mtn., Carter Co." }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1331290", "collectionId": "179240", "identifiedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56332", "collectionReferenceId": "56332", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "northeast of Brooks (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE of Brooks; NW 1/4, sec. 17, T21, R10, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1331291", "collectionId": "179241", "identifiedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56332", "collectionReferenceId": "56332", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Dinosaur Provincial Park (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 6, sec. 30, T20, R11, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1331292", "collectionId": "179242", "identifiedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56332", "collectionReferenceId": "56332", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "south side, Little Sandhill Creek (UA)", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. assigned to Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "LSD 14, sec. 35, T20, R12, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1331293", "collectionId": "179243", "identifiedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56332", "collectionReferenceId": "56332", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Red Deer River (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 12, sec. 32, T20 (incorrectly listed as T26 in ref 56332), R11, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1331294", "collectionId": "179244", "identifiedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56332", "collectionReferenceId": "56332", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "near mouth of Berry Creek (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec. 34, T21, R12, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1331295", "collectionId": "179245", "identifiedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56332", "collectionReferenceId": "56332", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "north side, Red Deer River (PU)", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T21, R11, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1331296", "collectionId": "179246", "identifiedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56332", "collectionReferenceId": "56332", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "north side, Red Deer River (NMC)", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T20 or T21, R11, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38571", "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1543820", "collectionId": "217170", "identifiedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "acceptedName": "Stenonychosaurus inequalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67471", "collectionReferenceId": "67471", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Happy Jack's West, DPP (UA)", "collection_aka": "Dinosaur Provincial Park", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "Happy Jack's West" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "2017 resurrected the genus; 2025 regards it as a junior synonym of Troodon. Do not make Troodon and Stenonychosaurus separate daily answers for the same adopted species concept.", "references": [ { "id": "varricchio2025", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "vanderreest2017", "title": "Troodontids from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America", "publicationYear": 2017, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "access": "primary_metadata_and_abstract_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The opposing genus concept is also explicitly discussed in the full 2025 revision. Not claiming full 2017 paper read." }, { "id": "jasinski2026", "title": "Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-08", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411150348_Dinevenator_a_New_Genus_of_Troodontid_Dinosaur_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_New_Mexico", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic comparisons", "Phylogeny" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Uses tentative language for Troodon/Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix synonymies. Separate analytical OTUs do not prove separate valid genera." } ] } ], "changes": [ { "rationale": "2017 resurrected the genus; 2025 regards it as a junior synonym of Troodon. Do not make Troodon and Stenonychosaurus separate daily answers for the same adopted species concept.", "references": [ { "id": "varricchio2025", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "vanderreest2017", "title": "Troodontids from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America", "publicationYear": 2017, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "access": "primary_metadata_and_abstract_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The opposing genus concept is also explicitly discussed in the full 2025 revision. Not claiming full 2017 paper read." }, { "id": "jasinski2026", "title": "Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-08", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411150348_Dinevenator_a_New_Genus_of_Troodontid_Dinosaur_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_New_Mexico", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic comparisons", "Phylogeny" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Uses tentative language for Troodon/Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix synonymies. Separate analytical OTUs do not prove separate valid genera." } ] }, { "rationale": "Approved 2025 Troodon framework. These three specifically named legal guesses share one hidden-answer identity; other troodontids are independent. Original fossil records remain separate.", "references": [ { "id": "varricchio2025", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "vanderreest2017", "title": "Troodontids from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America", "publicationYear": 2017, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "access": "primary_metadata_and_abstract_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The opposing genus concept is also explicitly discussed in the full 2025 revision. Not claiming full 2017 paper read." }, { "id": "fan2026", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-13", "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400784396_Diet_of_bird-like_troodontid_dinosaurs_synthesis_of_a_contentious_clade", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Troodon discussion", "Diet synthesis", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Diet synthesis and taxonomic usage are not an independent nomenclatural adjudication." }, { "id": "jasinski2026", "title": "Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-08", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411150348_Dinevenator_a_New_Genus_of_Troodontid_Dinosaur_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_New_Mexico", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic comparisons", "Phylogeny" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Uses tentative language for Troodon/Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix synonymies. Separate analytical OTUs do not prove separate valid genera." } ] } ], "canonicalAnswerId": "38572", "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Troodontini", "Stenonychosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] }, { "id": "38571", "rationale": "Approved Troodon framework: align these three equivalent guess identities at the same supported troodontin branch.", "references": [ { "id": "approved-troodon-0", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "approved-troodon-1", "title": "Troodontids from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America", "publicationYear": 2017, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "access": "primary_metadata_and_abstract_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The opposing genus concept is also explicitly discussed in the full 2025 revision. Not claiming full 2017 paper read." }, { "id": "approved-troodon-2", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-13", "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400784396_Diet_of_bird-like_troodontid_dinosaurs_synthesis_of_a_contentious_clade", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Troodon discussion", "Diet synthesis", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Diet synthesis and taxonomic usage are not an independent nomenclatural adjudication." }, { "id": "approved-troodon-3", "title": "Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-08", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411150348_Dinevenator_a_New_Genus_of_Troodontid_Dinosaur_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_New_Mexico", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic comparisons", "Phylogeny" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Uses tentative language for Troodon/Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix synonymies. Separate analytical OTUs do not prove separate valid genera." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Troodontinae", "clade:Troodontini", "genus:38571" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "38863", "name": "Stenopelix", "displayName": "Stenopelix", "attribution": "Meyer 1857", "rawAttribution": "Meyer 1857", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38863", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Chaoyangsauridae", "Stenopelix" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "66631", "38863" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38863", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Stenopelix", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38863" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38863", "genus": "Stenopelix", "occurrenceId": "645107", "collectionId": "69694", "identifiedName": "Stenopelix valdensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Stenopelix valdensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35190", "collectionReferenceId": "39496", "cc": "DE", "state": "Niedersachsen", "county": "", "formation": "Bückeberg", "member": "Obernkirchen", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Harrl quarry, Bückeburg", "collection_aka": "Harrel quarry, Brickenberg", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "possibly correlated with the lower half of the Hastings Beds, \"Wealden\"", "geogcomments": "quarry at the Harrl (=Harrel), near Bückeburg, Westphalia; principality of Schaumburg-Lippe" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Chaoyangsauridae", "Stenopelix" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Chaoyangsauridae", "genus:38863" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38863" ], "candidateIds": [ "38863" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38629", "name": "Stokesosaurus", "displayName": "Stokesosaurus", "attribution": "Madsen 1974", "rawAttribution": "Madsen 1974", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38629", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Stokesosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "38629" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38629", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Stokesosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38629" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38629", "genus": "Stokesosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490808", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Stokesosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Stokesosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63749", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). 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S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38629", "genus": "Stokesosaurus", "occurrenceId": "533918", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "? Stokesosaurus clevelandi", "acceptedName": "Stokesosaurus clevelandi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14766", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "38629", "genus": "Stokesosaurus", "occurrenceId": "751963", "collectionId": "12816", "identifiedName": "? 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approx. 12 m (40 ft) above W bank of Red Deer River, 7 mi below Tolman Ferry" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "517535", "collectionId": "52470", "identifiedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10410", "collectionReferenceId": "10410", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "2.4 km east of mouth, Little Sandhill Creek (NMC)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "2.4 km E of mouth of Little Sandhill Creek, section 8, T21, R11, W 4th meridian, near middle of exposures, Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "517540", "collectionId": "52474", "identifiedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10410", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "east fork, Sand Creek (280 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "280 ft above river, E fork, Little Sandhill Creek, Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "517541", "collectionId": "52475", "identifiedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10410", "collectionReferenceId": "13165", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "150 ft above R bank, Little Sandhill Creek (Sand Creek), Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "517542", "collectionId": "52476", "identifiedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10410", "collectionReferenceId": "10410", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "right bank, Sand Creek (125 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "125 ft above R bank, Little Sandhill Creek, Red Deer River, 12 mi below Steveville" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "517543", "collectionId": "52477", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus altus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25127", "collectionReferenceId": "25127", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "below Berry Creek, Steveville [GSC/NMC]", "collection_aka": "Struthiomimus type site", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dinosaur Provincial Park, probably near Steveville ferry crossing, below Berry Creek" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "517544", "collectionId": "52478", "identifiedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10410", "collectionReferenceId": "10410", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "4.75 km southeast of mouth, Little Sandhill Creek (NMC)", "collection_aka": "DPP, Red Deer River, Sand Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "4.75 km SE of mouth of Little Sandhill Creek, Dinosaur Provincial Park" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "700823", "collectionId": "75297", "identifiedName": "cf. Struthiomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93026, Dave's Anthill", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "1038741", "collectionId": "61433", "identifiedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41364", "collectionReferenceId": "41364", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Jenner Ferry Crossing", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "listed as \"Judith River Formation\" and \"Oldman Formation\" - could possibly be from Dinosaur Park Fm. under present-day stratigraphic divisions.", "geogcomments": "S side of Red Deer River at Jenner Ferry Crossing, ca. 18 km E of Dinosaur Provincial Park, sec 11, T22, R9, W4M" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "1170329", "collectionId": "133004", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus altus", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25127", "collectionReferenceId": "25127", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Ross Coulee, Irvine", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "Ross Coulee, near Irvine Station, on the C.P.R. line, about 18 mi. E of Medicine Hat" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "1170334", "collectionId": "150749", "identifiedName": "Ornithomimus altus", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25127", "collectionReferenceId": "25127", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Mackay Creek, near Walsh", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Mackay Creek, near Walsh, a station on the C.P.R., ca. 28 mi. E of Medicine Hat" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "1179408", "collectionId": "14489", "identifiedName": "cf. Struthiomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46506", "collectionReferenceId": "2988", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Aguja", "member": "Alto Shale", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Terlingua", "collection_aka": "OMNH V58; TMM 43057", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"microvertebrate-bearing bed is 13 to 18 cm thick\" and \"within several meters of the top of the underlying Terlingua Creek sandstone member\"\r\nammonites and bivalves support a late Campanian age\r\n", "geogcomments": "8 km NNE of Study Butte\r\n\"bone-bearing deposit ranges up to 10 m wide\"" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "1605002", "collectionId": "227002", "identifiedName": "Struthiomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82412", "collectionReferenceId": "82412", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Trenville Park (lower Scollard Fm)", "collection_aka": "Rumsey", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower Scollard Formation", "geogcomments": "sec 7, T36N, R21W, 4th meridian\r\n\r\nTrenville Park locality, near the town of Rumsey in Alberta, Canada" }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "1626810", "collectionId": "26760", "identifiedName": "Struthiomimus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84885", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Grave bonebed, Hanson Ranch", "collection_aka": "Edmontosaurus bonebed, Dragons' Grave, Roxson, HR", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY. Includes five quarries from the same bonebed: North (N), South (S), Southeast (SE), West (W), and Teague (T) plus three exploratory quarries to determine extent: Toe, Neufeld (Neu), and DKC." }, { "genusId": "38545", "genus": "Struthiomimus", "occurrenceId": "2048277", "collectionId": "64632", "identifiedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "acceptedName": "Struthiomimus altus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10410", "collectionReferenceId": "18647", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "north fork, Sand Creek (250 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Prosaurolophus type, Little Sandhill Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "100 ft below top of Belly River beds", "geogcomments": "N fork of Sand Creek, 12 mi below Steveville, Red Deer River, 250 ft above river level" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Struthiomimus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. Harpymimus assignment not a simple database error." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Ornithomimosauria", "clade:Ornithomimidae", "genus:38545" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38542", "520791", "38544", "378714", "38545", "347159" ], "candidateIds": [ "38544", "38545" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "dinosaur park" ], "label": "Dinosaur Park Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "2048277", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ornithomimus", "Struthiomimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dromiceiomimus", "Mexidracon", "Rativates", "Tototlmimus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ornithomimus": [ "467017", "975237", "1561896" ], "Struthiomimus": [ "517541", "1170329", "2048277" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38544", "38545" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38830", "name": "Struthiosaurus", "displayName": "Struthiosaurus", "attribution": "Bunzel 1870", "rawAttribution": "Bunzel 1870", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38830", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Struthiosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "38830" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38830", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Struthiosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38830" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Ősi & Prondvai (2013), Sympatry of two ankylosaurs (Hungarosaurus and cf. Struthiosaurus) in the Santonian of Hungary", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667113000554", "access": "full author manuscript, collection locality and qualified identification read" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "292864", "collectionId": "27894", "identifiedName": "Struthiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "7650", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Toteşti-baraj", "collection_aka": "Hateg Basin; Toteşti baraj, Totesti; To", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "assigned to Sânpetru Formation with reservation, due to differences in sedimentology. Age assignment accordingly subject to revision. at least 6 levels with dinosaur nests.", "geogcomments": "within streambed of Râul Mare River, near barrage of Totesti village, central Hateg Basin, northwestern South Carpathians, Romania" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "372870", "collectionId": "28406", "identifiedName": "cf. Struthiosaurus austriacus", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus austriacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67934", "collectionReferenceId": "55315", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Vitoria", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L1A", "collection_aka": "Laño Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in a sector of the south limb of the Miranda-Trevino syncline, level is also called L1A\r\nlower pat of subchron C32n\r\nAlso assigned to Sedano Fm. or its equivalent", "geogcomments": "approx 1 km. west of Laño, Spain, a disused sand quarry, Treviño, Burgos.\n\nThe Laño quarry is located between the villages of Laño and Albaina in the Condado de Treviño, an enclave of the province of Burgos that lies within Alava in the Basque Country, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "388973", "collectionId": "37199", "identifiedName": "Struthiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9559", "collectionReferenceId": "9512", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Sedano", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L2", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "same horizon as L1A, but on other side of the quarry (northeast part).\nSedano Formation, upper Campanian (C32n) (Corral et al., 2016)", "geogcomments": "Iberian Peninsula (Basque-Cantabrian Region), Condado de Treviño, Burgos" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "388984", "collectionId": "28765", "identifiedName": "Struthiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9559", "collectionReferenceId": "7903", "cc": "ES", "state": "Castilla y Leon", "county": "Burgos", "formation": "Vitoria", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laño L1B (S2U1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "separated from underlying S1U3 by an unconformity, level also called L1B", "geogcomments": "approx 1 km. west of Laño, Spain, a disused sand quarry; Treviño, Burgos" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "479370", "collectionId": "47782", "identifiedName": "Struthiosaurus languedocensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus languedocensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12830", "collectionReferenceId": "25139", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Hérault", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "L'Olivet Quarry, Villeveyrac (F1 level)", "collection_aka": "Villeveyrac-L’Olivet", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Fuvelian = lower Campanian; but list is \"a composite of the vertebrates found at different levels in the Villeveyrac quarry\" - true, but this is still all referred to the lower Campanian; also early Campanian based on magentostratigraphy (chron C33.1r)\nNow segregated by bed number.", "geogcomments": "L'Olivet Quaary of Villebeyrac, about 30 km E of Montpellier, Villeveyrac-Mèze Basin" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486476", "collectionId": "48720", "identifiedName": "Crataeomus lepidophorus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus austriacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12806", "collectionReferenceId": "12805", "cc": "AT", "state": "Niederosterreich", "county": "", "formation": "Grünbach", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Muthmannsdorf", "collection_aka": "Gosau, Neue Welt, Weiner Neustadt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Gosau Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Muthmannsdorf, Grünbach Basin, Neue Welt, in Wiener Neustadt, about 45 km S of Vienna, Austria" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486477", "collectionId": "48720", "identifiedName": "Crataeomus pawlowitschii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus austriacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12806", "collectionReferenceId": "12805", "cc": "AT", "state": "Niederosterreich", "county": "", "formation": "Grünbach", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Muthmannsdorf", "collection_aka": "Gosau, Neue Welt, Weiner Neustadt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Gosau Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Muthmannsdorf, Grünbach Basin, Neue Welt, in Wiener Neustadt, about 45 km S of Vienna, Austria" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486479", "collectionId": "48720", "identifiedName": "Struthiosaurus austriacus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus austriacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12997", "collectionReferenceId": "12805", "cc": "AT", "state": "Niederosterreich", "county": "", "formation": "Grünbach", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Muthmannsdorf", "collection_aka": "Gosau, Neue Welt, Weiner Neustadt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Gosau Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Muthmannsdorf, Grünbach Basin, Neue Welt, in Wiener Neustadt, about 45 km S of Vienna, Austria" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486480", "collectionId": "48720", "identifiedName": "Danubiosaurus anceps n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus austriacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12997", "collectionReferenceId": "12805", "cc": "AT", "state": "Niederosterreich", "county": "", "formation": "Grünbach", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Muthmannsdorf", "collection_aka": "Gosau, Neue Welt, Weiner Neustadt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Gosau Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Muthmannsdorf, Grünbach Basin, Neue Welt, in Wiener Neustadt, about 45 km S of Vienna, Austria" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486484", "collectionId": "48720", "identifiedName": "Pleuropeltus suessii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus austriacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12806", "collectionReferenceId": "12805", "cc": "AT", "state": "Niederosterreich", "county": "", "formation": "Grünbach", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Muthmannsdorf", "collection_aka": "Gosau, Neue Welt, Weiner Neustadt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Gosau Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Muthmannsdorf, Grünbach Basin, Neue Welt, in Wiener Neustadt, about 45 km S of Vienna, Austria" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "528125", "collectionId": "53918", "identifiedName": "? Struthiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14529", "collectionReferenceId": "30625", "cc": "ES", "state": "Valencia", "county": "", "formation": "Sierra Perenchiza", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chera 0", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Early to Middle Campanian, single bed, outcrop.\nUpper Campanian (Company, 2005, Company et al., 2005)", "geogcomments": "in the Chera Basin" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "566033", "collectionId": "59269", "identifiedName": "? Struthiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16947", "collectionReferenceId": "25139", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Bouches-du-Rhône", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Neuve", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "a subhorizontal layer in the Arc syncline; terminal/upper \"Begudian\"; no formation name given; middle Campanian following Fondevilla et al. (2019)", "geogcomments": "along a railway cutting along route D6 from Trets to Saint-Maximin, in the Arc syncline, Trets region" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "577926", "collectionId": "60819", "identifiedName": "Leipsanosaurus noricus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus austriacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33247", "collectionReferenceId": "33247", "cc": "AT", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Coal-Bearing Complex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Frankenhof, Piesting", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from Frankenhof, near Piesting" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "577927", "collectionId": "60820", "identifiedName": "Hoplosaurus ischyrus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus austriacus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17519", "collectionReferenceId": "17519", "cc": "AT", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Coal-Bearing Complex", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Weiner Neustadt 2 (PIUW)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"from an imprecise locality near Weiner Neustadt\"" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "632780", "collectionId": "48850", "identifiedName": "cf. Struthiosaurus austriacus", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus austriacus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59044", "collectionReferenceId": "30925", "cc": "FR", "state": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "county": "Aude", "formation": "Marnes Rouges Inférieures", "member": "Marnes de la Maurine", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bellevue, locality C3 (C III)", "collection_aka": "Campagne-sur-Aude", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the Maurine Red Marls Formation", "geogcomments": "Bellevue, Campagne-sur-Aude" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "755321", "collectionId": "80858", "identifiedName": "Struthiosaurus transylvanicus", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus transylvanicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27183", "collectionReferenceId": "53032", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vurpar (Vp)", "collection_aka": "Metaliferi area, Borberek; Vurpăr; Vu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal sequence of formation; \"Bozes strata\" in Weishampel et al. 2003", "geogcomments": "Vurpar (orig. Borberek), on R bank of Mures River, downstream from Alba Iulia, in the \"Metaliferi area\", Transylvanian Basin; near Vintu de Jos" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "872400", "collectionId": "59410", "identifiedName": "Struthiosaurus transilvanicus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus transylvanicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32943", "collectionReferenceId": "53030", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Szentpéterfalva, Hateg Basin", "collection_aka": "Sânpetru, Sînpetru, Sâmpetru, Sîmpetru, Sacel, La Carare, Sinpetru", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ţabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "on the Nopcsa family estate near Sînpetru (Szentpéterfalva), in the southern Carpathian Mtns., near Hunedoara, Hateg Basin" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "969941", "collectionId": "93729", "identifiedName": "? Struthiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "36651", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Râpa Rosie (RR), Sebes Valley ", "collection_aka": "Râpa Roşie, Rapa Rosie", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost part of the Sebeş Formation\n\nearly Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016 and Ţabără et al. 2022); later assigned to Late Maastrichtian (Bottfalvai et al., 2025).", "geogcomments": "Râpa Rosie, Sebes Valley, Alba district. On R bank of Secas River, at type section for Sebes Fm." }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "970051", "collectionId": "115000", "identifiedName": "Struthiosaurus transylvanicus", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus transylvanicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37235", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lancram A (LcA), Sebes Valley", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost early to early late Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)", "geogcomments": "Sebes Valley riverbed, 1.5 km NNE of Lancram village" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "970058", "collectionId": "115004", "identifiedName": "? Struthiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Şard", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dealul Cuptorului (DC)", "collection_aka": "Dealul Cuptorului Cuptorului Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower section of formation", "geogcomments": "Cuptorului Hill, near the Stauini Valley, on its left bank" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1570395", "collectionId": "221768", "identifiedName": "Struthiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "46349", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Cărare, Sânpetru", "collection_aka": "La Carare, Sanpetru, SC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S of Sânpetru, Hateg Basin, western Romania" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1570408", "collectionId": "26369", "identifiedName": "Struthiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nălaţ-Vad", "collection_aka": "Nalat-Vad; Nalatvad; Râul Mare River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower to middle part of the upper Maastricthtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\"Râul Mare beds\", possibly upper section of ? Sînpetru Fm. or the Densus-Ciula Fm.\r\n\"can be considered as slightly older than at Totesti-baraj\"; at least 7 horizons with eggs at the site.\r\nalso listed as early Maastrichtian Sînpetru Formation", "geogcomments": "Nalatvad (Nalat-Vad), in the Râul Mare Valley, 3 km downstream from Totesti-baaraj and between villages of Nalat and Vad. Three fossiliferous \"pockets\" at this locality." }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1639657", "collectionId": "80858", "identifiedName": "cf. Struthiosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Struthiosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86530", "collectionReferenceId": "53032", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vurpar (Vp)", "collection_aka": "Metaliferi area, Borberek; Vurpăr; Vu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal sequence of formation; \"Bozes strata\" in Weishampel et al. 2003", "geogcomments": "Vurpar (orig. Borberek), on R bank of Mures River, downstream from Alba Iulia, in the \"Metaliferi area\", Transylvanian Basin; near Vintu de Jos" }, { "genusId": "38830", "genus": "Struthiosaurus", "cc": "HU", "qualified": true, "literatureId": "nodosauridae-9", "formation": "Csehbánya" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Struthiosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:38830" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "candidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38860", "name": "Styracosaurus", "displayName": "Styracosaurus", "attribution": "Lambe 1913", "rawAttribution": "Lambe 1913", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38860", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Centrosaurinae", "Centrosaurini", "Styracosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "53953", "398131", "38860" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38860", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Styracosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38860" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Wilson et al. (2020), A new transitional centrosaurine from Two Medicine Formation", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7211873/", "access": "Indexed original full-text passages" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38860", "genus": "Styracosaurus", "occurrenceId": "150309", "collectionId": "13339", "identifiedName": "Monoclonius nasicornus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5980", "collectionReferenceId": "5980", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 105, Sand Creek (150 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "M. nasicornus type, Sternberg Quarry 43, A.M.7", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "100 m below top of Belly River beds; originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "north fork of Sand Creek, 12 miles below Steveville, 150 feet above R bank of river, Red Deer River, Alberta; NW 1/4, sec 35, T2-, R12, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38860", "genus": "Styracosaurus", "occurrenceId": "221280", "collectionId": "22655", "identifiedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18896", "collectionReferenceId": "18556", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 42, Styracosaurus bonebed", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1529, Bonebed 42, 0172/1", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "stratigraphic position estimated from Fig. 4 in ref 26153", "geogcomments": "within Dinosaur Provincial Park, 0.16 km N of Quarry 79, LSD 10, sec 32, T20, R11" }, { "genusId": "38860", "genus": "Styracosaurus", "occurrenceId": "376512", "collectionId": "35511", "identifiedName": "Styracosaurus parksi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9593", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "middle fork, Sand Creek (250 ft level) [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "S. parksi type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Belly River formation\"", "geogcomments": "Middle Fork of Sand Creek, on the right bank, approx. 250 feet above Red Deer River, 12 miles below Steveville, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38860", "genus": "Styracosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517566", "collectionId": "52487", "identifiedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17544", "collectionReferenceId": "17544", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 16, Happy Jack Ferry", "collection_aka": "NMC, Sternberg Quarry 106, Styracosaurus type, G.S.C.28", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally assigned to the Oldman Fm.; stratigraphic position estimated from Fig. 4 in ref 26153", "geogcomments": "below Happy Jack Ferry, 12 mi below Steveville, SW side of Red Deer River, about 12 mi below mouth of Berry Creek; SE 1/4, sec 1, T21, R11, LSD 4; now within Dinosaur Provincial Park; ca. 1.5 mi. SE of Denhart Ferry" }, { "genusId": "38860", "genus": "Styracosaurus", "occurrenceId": "565874", "collectionId": "59222", "identifiedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16964", "collectionReferenceId": "24421", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 124, Steveville S (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "U156", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "originally described as coming from \"low in the strata of the Oldman Formation\"", "geogcomments": "about 3 mi S of the Steveville Ferry, on the E side of the Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38860", "genus": "Styracosaurus", "occurrenceId": "719964", "collectionId": "77259", "identifiedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26153", "collectionReferenceId": "26153", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sage Creek Grazing Reserve (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of formation, < 10 m below Lethbridge Coal Zone; stratigraphic level estimated from Fig. 4 in ref 26153", "geogcomments": "Sage Creek, near Onefour; 12, 545414E, 451340 N (there is an error in the coordinates); 130 km SE of holotype locality of Styracosaurus albertensis" }, { "genusId": "38860", "genus": "Styracosaurus", "occurrenceId": "719965", "collectionId": "77261", "identifiedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26153", "collectionReferenceId": "26153", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Dinosaur Provincial Park NE (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost part of formation; stratigraphic level estimated from Fig. 4 in ref 26153", "geogcomments": "NE part of Dinosaur Provincial Park; 12, 477238 E, 5629954 N; approx. 500 m N of RTMP 86.126.1" }, { "genusId": "38860", "genus": "Styracosaurus", "occurrenceId": "720034", "collectionId": "77265", "identifiedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "acceptedName": "Styracosaurus albertensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26153", "collectionReferenceId": "26153", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "north side, Red Deer River (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in formation; 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Coordinates are for Vitakri village." }, { "genusId": "119552", "genus": "Sulaimanisaurus", "occurrenceId": "740932", "collectionId": "79665", "identifiedName": "Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi", "acceptedName": "Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26765", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Mari Bohri, DL-15 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-15", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "just W of village of Mari Bohri, 15 km W of Vitakri, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan, from E plunge of Mari Bohri-Mawand anticlinorium. Five main subsites." }, { "genusId": "119552", "genus": "Sulaimanisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559856", "collectionId": "79664", "identifiedName": "Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi", "acceptedName": "Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkham", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Bor Kali Kakor, DL-2 (central)", "collection_aka": "PDL-2, Vitakri, Mid Bor", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... upper Pab Formation, just below or on the boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene).\"", "geogcomments": "central site, S of Bor Kali Kakor stream near Vitakri village, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119552", "genus": "Sulaimanisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1559895", "collectionId": "220154", "identifiedName": "Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi", "acceptedName": "Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "76825", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-4 (central sites)", "collection_aka": "PDL-4, Vitakri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "W and NW of Kinwa hot gas springs, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. central three sites, \"on the banks of small branch stream flowing from northwest, dropping its load near the water-gas spings in to main stream of Kinwa\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Later papers supply diagnoses, designated types and locality statements; old conference-name dates alone do not justify a nomen nudum cut. Independent diagnosability and specimen associations remain insufficiently verified for hidden answers.", "references": [ { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Formal Description of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Biotas Found from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.net/journal/paperinformation?paperid=112161", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.119023", "access": "Primary full text/PDF read; newly formalized Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Nicksaurus and Maojandino with diagnoses and designated material.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Jurassic-Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene transitions and Mesozoic vertebrates from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2021080414130257.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.118016", "access": "Primary paper indexed description accessed; full August diagnoses not independently read in this bounded sweep.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2023, "title": "Geology and Mineral Deposits of Saraikistan (South Punjab, Koh Sulaiman Range) of Pakistan: A Tabular Review of Recently Discovered Biotas from Pakistan and Paleobiogeographic Link: Phylogeny and Hypodigm of Poripuchian Titanosaurs from Indo-Pakistan", "url": "https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2023083015073764.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2023.138040", "access": "Primary PDF read at nomenclatural tables and systematic discussion; distinguishes informal and later formal descriptions.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Hans-Volker Karl, Amtyaz Safi and Gottfried Tichy", "year": 2025, "title": "A review of the fossil records of dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous from present-day Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scientific-reports.com/index.php/srls/article/download/191/181/713", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.16895340", "access": "Primary review full PDF read. Repeats taxa and source dates, but does not independently rediagnose overlapping Pakistani types.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ] } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Poripuchia", "Pakisauridae", "Isisaurinae", "Sulaimanisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Poripuchia", "clade:Pakisauridae", "clade:Isisaurinae", "genus:119552" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "56456", "name": "Supersaurus", "displayName": "Supersaurus", "attribution": "Jensen 1985", "rawAttribution": "Jensen 1985", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56456", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Diplodocinae", "Supersaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57361", "38664", "65916", "56456" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56456", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Supersaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56456" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "56456", "genus": "Supersaurus", "occurrenceId": "465133", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Ultrasaurus macintoshi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Supersaurus vivianae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12262", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "56456", "genus": "Supersaurus", "occurrenceId": "465134", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Supersaurus vivianae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Supersaurus vivianae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12262", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "56456", "genus": "Supersaurus", "occurrenceId": "465135", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Dystylosaurus edwini n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Supersaurus vivianae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12262", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "56456", "genus": "Supersaurus", "occurrenceId": "541209", "collectionId": "56599", "identifiedName": "Supersaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Supersaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13281", "collectionReferenceId": "15239", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Mesa", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rabbit Valley stop 11", "collection_aka": "Rabbit Valley East, RVRNA-11, CO-26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "amphitheater at head of McDonald Creek, just N of I-70 in Rabbit Valley; part of Rabbit Valley Research Natural Area" }, { "genusId": "56456", "genus": "Supersaurus", "occurrenceId": "693186", "collectionId": "74664", "identifiedName": "Supersaurus vivianae", "acceptedName": "Supersaurus vivianae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14815", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Converse", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jimbo Quarry (2A) (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "Douglas Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "located in local \"Zone 2\", in middle of formation, near top of \"Unit A\" in this zone", "geogcomments": "in the N half of a breached E-W trending anticline S of Douglas; no details given, so site is a proxy based on geologic outcrops of appropriate age in this area" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Diplodocidae", "Diplodocinae", "Supersaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Flagellicaudata", "clade:Diplodocidae", "clade:Diplodocinae", "genus:56456" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "candidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "395956", "name": "Suskityrannus", "displayName": "Suskityrannus", "attribution": "Nesbitt et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Nesbitt et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=395956", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Suskityrannus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "395956" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=395956", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Suskityrannus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=395956" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "395956", "genus": "Suskityrannus", "occurrenceId": "516838", "collectionId": "52360", "identifiedName": "Suskityrannus hazelae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Suskityrannus hazelae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70289", "collectionReferenceId": "13881", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Catron", "formation": "Moreno Hill", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mirror Mesa (MSM Loc. 98-67)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Probably Collignoniceras woollgari Zone, early middle Turonian", "geogcomments": "southern Zuni Basin, Quemado 30x60 Quadrangle" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Suskityrannus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "genus:395956" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65079", "38605", "372448", "399346", "53212", "395956", "362111" ], "candidateIds": [ "395956" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "moreno hill" ], "label": "Moreno Hill Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "516838", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Suskityrannus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Appalachiosaurus", "Dryptosaurus", "Gualicho", "Moros", "Nanotyrannus", "Teihivenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Suskityrannus": [ "516838" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "395956" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "57363", "name": "Suuwassea", "displayName": "Suuwassea", "attribution": "Harris and Dodson 2004", "rawAttribution": "Harris and Dodson 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57363", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Flagellicaudata", "Dicraeosauridae", "Suuwassea" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57361", "53961", "57363" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57363", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Suuwassea", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57363" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "57363", "genus": "Suuwassea", "occurrenceId": "405116", "collectionId": "38866", "identifiedName": "Suuwassea emilieae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Suuwassea emilieae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10483", "collectionReferenceId": "23427", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rattlesnake Ridge Quarry", "collection_aka": "Suuwassea type site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"?Brushy Basin member equivalent\", lower Morrison", "geogcomments": "locality information protected, described only as \"southern Carbon County\". Estimated here based on Morrison outcrop map for this area." }, { "genusId": "57363", "genus": "Suuwassea", "occurrenceId": "1685876", "collectionId": "238787", "identifiedName": "? 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "112901", "name": "Suzhousaurus", "displayName": "Suzhousaurus", "attribution": "Li et al. 2007", "rawAttribution": "Li et al. 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=112901", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Therizinosauria", "Therizinosauroidea", "Therizinosauridae", "Suzhousaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "57429", "67254", "64125", "38552", "112901" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant-dominated feeding is defensible for derived therizinosaurs, with transitions/animal supplementation qualified; apply equally when PBDB inherits only Coelurosauria.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=112901", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Suzhousaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=112901" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "112901", "genus": "Suzhousaurus", "occurrenceId": "716387", "collectionId": "76900", "identifiedName": "Suzhousaurus megatherioides n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Suzhousaurus megatherioides", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26006", "collectionReferenceId": "26006", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "", "formation": "Xiagou", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Xinminbao", "collection_name": "Suzhousaurus type, Jiuquan, Yujingzi Basin", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Xinminpu Group", "geogcomments": "Yujingzi Basin, Jiuquan area, approx. 100 km SE of type site for \"Nanshiungosaurus\" bohlini" }, { "genusId": "112901", "genus": "Suzhousaurus", "occurrenceId": "780608", "collectionId": "84007", "identifiedName": "Suzhousaurus megatherioides", "acceptedName": "Suzhousaurus megatherioides", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28145", "collectionReferenceId": "28145", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "", "formation": "Zhonggou", "member": "Lower Red Beds", "geological_group": "Xinminbao", "collection_name": "Suzhousaurus paratype, Jiuquan, Yujingzi Basin", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Xinminpu Group", "geogcomments": "Yujingzi Basin, Jiuquan area, approx. 100 km SE of type site for \"Nanshiungosaurus\" bohlini and several hundred meters away from type site for taxon" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Therizinosauria", "Therizinosauroidea", "Therizinosauridae", "Suzhousaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "therizinosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Therizinosauria is nested in Maniraptora under conventional working topology.", "references": [ { "id": "paralither2022", "title": "New therizinosaurid dinosaur from the marine Osoushinai Formation", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11063-5", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-022-11063-5", "year": 2022, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Erlikosaurus and Segnosaurus are therizinosaurids; several traditionally assigned forms are outside phylogenetic Therizinosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Therizinosauria", "clade:Therizinosauroidea", "clade:Therizinosauridae", "genus:112901" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "112901" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "xiagou" ], "label": "Xiagou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "716387", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Suzhousaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Enigmosaurus", "Erliansaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Nanshiungosaurus", "Neimongosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Segnosaurus", "Therizinosaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Suzhousaurus": [ "716387" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "112901" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38835", "name": "Talarurus", "displayName": "Talarurus", "attribution": "Maleev 1952", "rawAttribution": "Maleev 1952", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38835", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Talarurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52798", "38835" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38835", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Talarurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38835" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38835", "genus": "Talarurus", "occurrenceId": "513492", "collectionId": "51975", "identifiedName": "Talarurus plicatospineus", "acceptedName": "Talarurus plicatospineus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13890", "collectionReferenceId": "13890", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayshin-Tsav [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Bainshirenskaya, Bayn Shire", "geogcomments": "Bayshin-Tsav" }, { "genusId": "38835", "genus": "Talarurus", "occurrenceId": "741249", "collectionId": "79702", "identifiedName": "Talarurus plicatospineus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Talarurus plicatospineus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14385", "collectionReferenceId": "14385", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Shire (PIN coll. 557) [MPE]", "collection_aka": "Bayan Shiree, Talarurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Bayn Shire", "geogcomments": "130 km SW from Bayn Shanda (aimak center)" }, { "genusId": "38835", "genus": "Talarurus", "occurrenceId": "2056792", "collectionId": "277795", "identifiedName": "Talarurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Talarurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "92756", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baynshire", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Shire [KID]", "collection_aka": "Bayan Shiree, Bayn Shireh", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= Bayn Shire", "geogcomments": "130 km SW from Bayn Shanda (aimak center)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Talarurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "clade:Ankylosaurinae", "genus:38835" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "38835", "68198" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baynshire", "dornogov" ], "label": "Baynshire Formation · Dornogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "2056792", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Talarurus", "Tsagantegia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta", "Eopinacosaurus", "Jinyunpelta", "Minotaurasaurus", "Pinacosaurus", "Saichania", "Tarchia", "Zaraapelta" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Talarurus": [ "741249", "2056792" ], "Tsagantegia": [ "535198", "1058647" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38835", "68198" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "67276", "name": "Talenkauen", "displayName": "Talenkauen", "attribution": "Novas et al. 2004", "rawAttribution": "Novas et al. 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67276", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Elasmaria", "Talenkauen" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "122465", "67276" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67276", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Talenkauen", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67276" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "67276", "genus": "Talenkauen", "occurrenceId": "520128", "collectionId": "52980", "identifiedName": "Talenkauen santacrucensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Talenkauen santacrucensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14274", "collectionReferenceId": "14274", "cc": "AR", "state": "Santa Cruz", "county": "", "formation": "Cerro Fortaleza", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cerro Los Hornos (Talenkauen locality)", "collection_aka": "Los Hornos Hill, Viedma Lake", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Previously attributed to the Pari Aike Formation, but regarded as the Cerro Fortaleza Formation by Sickman et al. (2018), with a Campanian age (Ghiglione et al. 2021).\r\nRozadilla et al. 2019: \"However, several recent studies (Novas et al. 2002; Varela & Poiré 2008; Varela et al. 2008, 2012; Varela 2009, 2011) reinterpreted the stratigraphical position of this taxon and assigned it to the middle portion of Mata Amarilla Formation, which dates from the early Upper Cretaceous (Turonian). This formation has yielded diverse theropod specimens that pertain to indeterminate carcharodontosaurids (Novas et al. 1999), the megaraptorid Orkoraptor (Novas et al. 2008), the abelisauroid Austrocheirus (Ezcurra et al. 2010), and medium- to gigantic-sized titanosaurid sauropods (Novas et al. 2005). Previous ornithopod remains recovered in this Formation include ‘Loncosaurus argentinus’ described by Ameghino (1899), and currently considered as a nomen dubium (Coria & Salgado 1996b). The continental vertebrate fauna supports a Turonian age for the middle portion of the Mata Amarilla Formation (Novas et al. 2002; Varela 2011; Varela et al. 2012). The Mata Amarilla terrestrial palaeoflora was composed of abundant and diverse angiosperms (Iglesias et al. 2007) and gymnosperms (Zamuner et al. 2004, 2006).\"", "geogcomments": "Los Hornos Hill, southern coast of Viedma Lake, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina (Lat. 49° 51’ 16.2” S, Long. 72° 06’ 26.3”W)" }, { "genusId": "67276", "genus": "Talenkauen", "occurrenceId": "1671506", "collectionId": "237047", "identifiedName": "Talenkauen santacrucensis", "acceptedName": "Talenkauen santacrucensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86725", "collectionReferenceId": "86725", "cc": "AR", "state": "Santa Cruz", "county": "", "formation": "Cerro Fortaleza", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eastern side of the La Leona river", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Numerous unspecified localities along the eastern side of Río Leona, at the edge of the Cerro Fortaleza Formation type area" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Elasmaria", "Talenkauen" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Elasmaria", "genus:67276" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67278", "493365", "65253", "400665", "122466", "427244", "86836", "424526", "67276", "494766" ], "candidateIds": [ "67276" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "cerro fortaleza" ], "label": "Cerro Fortaleza Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1671506", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Talenkauen" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anabisetia", "Chakisaurus", "Gasparinisaura", "Isasicursor", "Macrogryphosaurus", "Mahuidacursor", "Notohypsilophodon", "Sektensaurus", "Tietasaura" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Talenkauen": [ "520128", "1671506" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "67276" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38777", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tanius", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38777" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38777", "genus": "Tanius", "occurrenceId": "379966", "collectionId": "35966", "identifiedName": "Tanius sinensis", "acceptedName": "Tanius sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18021", "collectionReferenceId": "40224", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Laiyang", "formation": "Jiangjunding", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wangshi", "collection_name": "Tianqiaotun", "collection_aka": "Geol. 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SW of Chiangchingting village (may be same as name of site)." }, { "genusId": "38777", "genus": "Tanius", "occurrenceId": "520034", "collectionId": "52943", "identifiedName": "Tanius laiyangensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tanius", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14297", "collectionReferenceId": "70705", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Laiyang", "formation": "Jingangkou", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wangshi", "collection_name": "Jingangkou Locality 2, Laiyang (BNHM)", "collection_aka": "Chingkangkou, Chingkankou, Chinkangkou", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "8 bone-bearing layers", "geogcomments": "E part of Jingangkou village, 1 km E of Locality 1 (Young's site)" }, { "genusId": "38777", "genus": "Tanius", "occurrenceId": "536205", "collectionId": "55461", "identifiedName": "Tanius chingkankouensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tanius chingkankouensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14891", "collectionReferenceId": "14891", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Laiyang", "formation": "Jingangkou", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wangshi", "collection_name": "Hsikou, Chinkangkou, Laiyang", "collection_aka": "Jingangkou, Chingkangkou, Chingkankou, Locality 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from upper part of gully (Hsikou), 1 km NW of Chingkangkou, 20 km S of Laiyang. Site at border between gully and main road leading to village, covered by \"cultivated fields\" to the S." }, { "genusId": "38777", "genus": "Tanius", "occurrenceId": "536240", "collectionId": "55469", "identifiedName": "Tanius sinensis", "acceptedName": "Tanius sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14891", "collectionReferenceId": "14891", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Laiyang", "formation": "Jingangkou", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wangshi", "collection_name": "east-northeast of Chiangchunting, Laiyang", "collection_aka": "Chiangchiungting", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "valleys E and NE of Chiangchungting, 20 km S of Laiyang" }, { "genusId": "38777", "genus": "Tanius", "occurrenceId": "590514", "collectionId": "62360", "identifiedName": "Tanius sinensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tanius sinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18021", "collectionReferenceId": "40224", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Laiyang", "formation": "Jiangjunding", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wangshi", "collection_name": "0.6 mi. southwest of Chiangchingting", "collection_aka": "Chiang Chün Ting", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW of Laiyang, Laiyang district, Shandong province, China. 1 li (0.6 mi) SW of Chiangchingting (Chiang-Chün-Ting) village" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Tanius" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:38777" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "38777" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "shandong" ], "label": "Shandong · CN", "occurrenceId": "590514", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tanius" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tanius": [ "379966", "520034", "536205", "536240", "590514" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38777" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68259", "name": "Tanycolagreus", "displayName": "Tanycolagreus", "attribution": "Carpenter et al. 2005", "rawAttribution": "Carpenter et al. 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68259", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tanycolagreus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "68259" ], "diet": { "values": [], "status": "unresolved", "rationale": "Latest placement near Juratyrant and basal maniraptoromorphs; dietary anatomy not verified in this bounded pass.", "references": [ { "id": "DE11", "title": "The coelurosaur theropods of the Romualdo formation, early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Brazil: Santanaraptor placidus meets Mirischia asymmetrica", "authors": "Delcourt et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/ar.70085", "url": "https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.70085", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Publisher full text; abstract and phylogenetic discussion read; first online 18 November 2025, volume 2026", "dietSupport": "Preferred weighting groups these genera with Tanycolagreus and Juratyrant near the base of Maniraptoromorpha. Equal weights instead places Mirischia in Ornithomimosauria and Santanaraptor in Megaraptora; the authors question the latter placements. No dietary evidence supplied.", "webRefs": [ "turn647view0", "turn667view1" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "unresolved", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68259", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tanycolagreus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68259" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68259", "genus": "Tanycolagreus", "occurrenceId": "536124", "collectionId": "22648", "identifiedName": "Tanycolagreus topwilsoni", "acceptedName": "Tanycolagreus topwilsoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14957", "collectionReferenceId": "53336", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Lake Como", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1522, WY-78, Bone-Cabin Quarry, BCQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "coordinates from K. Carpenter (pers. comm. to M. Carrano). at the head of a draw, near the Medicine Bow River in S-central Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "68259", "genus": "Tanycolagreus", "occurrenceId": "536126", "collectionId": "46439", "identifiedName": "Tanycolagreus topwilsoni", "acceptedName": "Tanycolagreus topwilsoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14957", "collectionReferenceId": "62377", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Emery", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry", "collection_aka": "CLDQ, Cleveland Quarry, Malcolm Lloyd Jr. Quarry, UT-7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member, ca. 38 m above basal contact ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM, approx. 20 mi. S of Price (Carbon Co.) and 8 mi E of Cleveland (Emery Co.), UT" }, { "genusId": "68259", "genus": "Tanycolagreus", "occurrenceId": "536127", "collectionId": "49577", "identifiedName": "Tanycolagreus topwilsoni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tanycolagreus topwilsoni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14957", "collectionReferenceId": "12200", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bone Cabin Quarry West (BCQ West)", "collection_aka": "WY-79, Bone Cabin Quarry Extension, Bone Cabin Quarry-E", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"equivalent to Upper Salt Wash Member\" and in \"Lower Dinosaur Zone 2\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "68259", "genus": "Tanycolagreus", "occurrenceId": "1543892", "collectionId": "49636", "identifiedName": "? Tanycolagreus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tanycolagreus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75375", "collectionReferenceId": "5792", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Crook", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Little Houston Quarry (SDSM V9138, SDSM V941)", "collection_aka": "WY-11, Main Quarry, Mammal Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "two closely spaced beds, Unit 2 and Unit 3", "geogcomments": "approx. 21 km W of Sundance, just N of Little Houston Creek. Includes both Main Quarry and Mammal Quarry, as the two are just 70 m apart and laterally continuous." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "diet", "reason": "No defensible diet clue is currently supported." } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tanycolagreus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "genus:68259" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "294661", "name": "Taohelong", "displayName": "Taohelong", "attribution": "Yang et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Yang et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=294661", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Taohelong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38817", "294661" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=294661", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Taohelong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=294661" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "294661", "genus": "Taohelong", "occurrenceId": "1204611", "collectionId": "155994", "identifiedName": "Taohelong jinchengensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Taohelong jinchengensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51075", "collectionReferenceId": "51075", "cc": "CN", "state": "Gansu", "county": "", "formation": "5", "member": "", "geological_group": "Hekou", "collection_name": "Guanmengou No. 4 bonebed", "collection_aka": "Yangjiagou", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Upper Hekou Group", "geogcomments": "From Yangjiagou Town, near the Yongjing-Lintao county border, in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin; E part of Lanzhou Basin, Quarry 2, near Liujiaxia (Liujia Gorge) along Yellow River; beside the G75 Highway and less than a kilometer from the quarries of Daxiatitan and Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis; Guanmengou No. 4 bonebed, Zhongpu Town, Dingxi City (GPS: 35°48'34.86\"N, 103°46'18.61\"E)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Nodosauridae", "Taohelong" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Nodosauridae", "genus:294661" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "273053", "526153", "38840", "294661" ], "candidateIds": [ "273053", "526153", "38840", "294661" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "83022", "name": "Tapinosaurus", "displayName": "Tapinosaurus", "attribution": "Rabeck 1925", "rawAttribution": "Rabeck 1925", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=83022", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Tapinosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "83022" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65137", "name": "Tarascosaurus", "displayName": "Tarascosaurus", "attribution": "Le Loeuff and Buffetaut 1991", "rawAttribution": "Le Loeuff and Buffetaut 1991", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65137", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Tarascosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "65137" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65137", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tarascosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65137" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65137", "genus": "Tarascosaurus", "occurrenceId": "297294", "collectionId": "28456", "identifiedName": "Tarascosaurus salluvicus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarascosaurus salluvicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7842", "collectionReferenceId": "7842", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Var", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lambeau de Beausset", "collection_aka": "Tarascosaurus type, Le Beausset", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unknown formation, \"Fuvelian\", early-middle Campanian following Fondevilla et al. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "53224", "name": "Tarbosaurus", "displayName": "Tarbosaurus", "attribution": "Maleev 1955", "rawAttribution": "Maleev 1955", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53224", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Tyrannosaurini", "Tarbosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "38606", "65352", "92294", "53224" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. 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Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53224", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "148629", "collectionId": "13108", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4373", "collectionReferenceId": "4373", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Buguin-Tzav", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "age based on biostratigraphy; no absolute or correlative dating available for most Late Cretaceous Mongolian beds", "geogcomments": "Bugin Tsav, South Gobi Aimak (= Omnogov), southwest Mongolia" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "387345", "collectionId": "37006", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15110", "collectionReferenceId": "9902", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula III, site 1 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, AU3001", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper Nemegt beds = Nemegt Fm., low in formation", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula III, 40 km W of Nemegt, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "387347", "collectionId": "37007", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9901", "collectionReferenceId": "9901", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Hushu, site 5 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Tsagan Ula, Tsagan Khushu, TsKh005", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Tsagan Hushu (= Tsagan Ula, Tsagan Khushu, Tsagan-ushu), Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "387360", "collectionId": "37011", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9900", "collectionReferenceId": "9901", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Hushu, site 2 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Tsagan Ula, Tsagan Khushu, TsKh002", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near top of section", "geogcomments": "Tsagan Ula (= Hushu/Ushu/Khusku), Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "387400", "collectionId": "37020", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9899", "collectionReferenceId": "9899", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV, general [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula IV - no specifics given, 50 km W of Nemegt, Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "393081", "collectionId": "37811", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus periculosus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10082", "collectionReferenceId": "65750", "cc": "CN", "state": "Heilongjiang", "county": "Jiayin", "formation": "Yuliangzi", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jiayin", "collection_name": "Jiayin", "collection_aka": "Belye Kruchi, Longgushan, Longguchan, White Cliffs", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Several bone-bearing horizons have been excavated since the discovery of this site.\"", "geogcomments": "S bank of Amur River, Heilongjiang, 8 km S of Jiayin. Also known as Belyye Kruchi (White Cliffs), R bank of Amur, downstream from mouth of the Ayan R., between villages of Kasatkino and Sagibovo'. Between N bank villages of Sagibovo and Kasatkino, below mouth of Aian River." }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "395224", "collectionId": "38023", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9900", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Western Sayr, site 12 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Nem012", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation (= Upper Nemegt beds here)", "geogcomments": "NW part of Nemegt locality; listed as \"2.5 km\" NW of Central Sayr in ref 9900 but shown as much closer in ref 10453 map, where it is clearly in the N part of the Western Sayr" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "395225", "collectionId": "38024", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15110", "collectionReferenceId": "9901", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV, site 6 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, AU4006", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "395227", "collectionId": "37010", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9900", "collectionReferenceId": "9901", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Central Sayr, site 1 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem001", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of Nemegt Formation (= Upper Nemegt beds here), just above the Passage Series and at top of them as well", "geogcomments": "W of Great Pyramid, Nemegt (= Nemegetu) locality, Nemegt Basin, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "396865", "collectionId": "38134", "identifiedName": "cf. Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17707", "collectionReferenceId": "43271", "cc": "RU", "state": "Amur", "county": "Arkharinskii", "formation": "Udurchukan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tsagayan", "collection_name": "Kundur", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Godefroit et al. (2012): \"Udurchukan Formation (Wodehouseia spinata - Aquilapollenites subtilis palynozone), ?Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "Kundur locality, near town of Obluch'e, Arkharinskii district, Amur region, Yevreyskaya Avtonomnyy Oblast, Russia. On the Vladivostok-Moscow highway (Chita-Khabarovsk highway), 10 km SE of Kundur village\r\n\r\nGodefroit et al. (2012): \"Kundur (N 49deg 04' 57.5\"; E 130deg 51' 34.1\"), Amur Region, Far Eastern Russia.\"" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "403412", "collectionId": "38696", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9900", "collectionReferenceId": "9902", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula III, site 3 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, AU3003", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper Nemegt beds = Nemegt Fm., high in formation", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula III, 40 km W of Nemegt, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "403438", "collectionId": "38702", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59835", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV, site 9 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, AU4009", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in section", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula IV, 40 km W of Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "403441", "collectionId": "38703", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9900", "collectionReferenceId": "9901", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Hushu, site 4 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Tsagan Ula, Tsagan Khushu, TsKh004", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near base of section", "geogcomments": "Tsagan Ula (= Hushu/Ushu/Khusku), Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "493052", "collectionId": "49800", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9256", "collectionReferenceId": "9256", "cc": "CN", "state": "Henan", "county": "Luanchuan", "formation": "Qiupa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tantou", "collection_name": "Songping, Luanchuan (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Haoping, Qiupa", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "basal unit of formation = Unit I", "geogcomments": "Tantou Basin, Songping Valley, Luanchuan county; discovered by villagers from the Songping Brigade, Songba Commune, Luanchuan Co., Henan. Also listed as Haoping, near Qiupa." }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534087", "collectionId": "55257", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42291", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav I [HMNS-GIN/KID]", "collection_aka": "Bugin-tsav, northern outcrops of Bugin Tsav; Bügiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "northern area of Bugin Tsav; N: 43-51-5909; E: 100-00-3976; A: 982m\r\nBugin-tsav, southern Gobi Desert" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "583858", "collectionId": "38134", "identifiedName": "\"Albertosaurus\" periculosus", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17707", "collectionReferenceId": "43271", "cc": "RU", "state": "Amur", "county": "Arkharinskii", "formation": "Udurchukan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tsagayan", "collection_name": "Kundur", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Godefroit et al. (2012): \"Udurchukan Formation (Wodehouseia spinata - Aquilapollenites subtilis palynozone), ?Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "Kundur locality, near town of Obluch'e, Arkharinskii district, Amur region, Yevreyskaya Avtonomnyy Oblast, Russia. On the Vladivostok-Moscow highway (Chita-Khabarovsk highway), 10 km SE of Kundur village\r\n\r\nGodefroit et al. (2012): \"Kundur (N 49deg 04' 57.5\"; E 130deg 51' 34.1\"), Amur Region, Far Eastern Russia.\"" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "602793", "collectionId": "64144", "identifiedName": "Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9258", "collectionReferenceId": "9258", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "Shanshan", "formation": "Subashi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lianmuqin, Shanshan (IVPP Loc. 66012)", "collection_aka": "Turpan, Shanshanosaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lianmuqin, Shanshan county, Turpan basin" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "680824", "collectionId": "73437", "identifiedName": "Gorgosaurus lancinator n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34612", "collectionReferenceId": "34612", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula II [SMPE] (PIN coll. 553)", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula II, W of Nemegt, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "831099", "collectionId": "91909", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19316", "collectionReferenceId": "19316", "cc": "MN", "state": "Bayankhongor", "county": "", "formation": "Beds of Nogon Tsav", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nogon Tsav (PIN 3141) [SMPE/SMGE]", "collection_aka": "Nogoon Tsav, Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Ingenii-Khobur", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "possibly equivalent with Nemegt Formation; lower level at site", "geogcomments": "Nogon Tsav, in the Zaltaika (Trans-Altai) Gobi, 20 km NW of Mt. Ongon-Ulan-Ula. In figure captions site is also called \"Ingenii-Khobur\"" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "899622", "collectionId": "100266", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34415", "collectionReferenceId": "42293", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav tracksite [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bugin Tsav" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "899629", "collectionId": "100268", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34415", "collectionReferenceId": "55060", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav II tracksite [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bugin Tsav" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "937809", "collectionId": "55258", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53759", "collectionReferenceId": "42291", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermin Tsav I, Upper White Beds [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Khermeen Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "From the Upper White Beds (NemegtFormation).\r\nfrom the \"Upper White Beds\" (ref 35934), which is confusing because the upper beds of the formation are usually called the \"Red Beds\" and ref 41448 says that the Red Bed is the fossiliferous layer.\r\nNemegt Formation according to Suzuki et al. (2004)", "geogcomments": "Khermeen Tsav; N: 43-28-2896; E: 99-49-5871 A: 991m" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1035270", "collectionId": "126797", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29188", "collectionReferenceId": "29188", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav Tarbosaurus", "collection_aka": "Bugiin Tsav", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1058749", "collectionId": "127679", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42289", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav II [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "southern outcrops of Bugin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bugin Tsav-II; N: 43-48-5877; E: 99-58-3569; A: 862m. Southern outcrops of Bugin Tsav." }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1058785", "collectionId": "127670", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42291", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gurilin Tsav [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Gurlin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-51-0914; E: 100-08-2508; A: 1033m\r\nGurilin Tsav, Nemegt Basin. Eggs found in SE area of the locality, at the end of the \"peninsula-like cliff\"" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1058798", "collectionId": "127674", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53759", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-35-50.04; E: 100-27-28.03; A: 1555 m" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1058800", "collectionId": "127681", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42289", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Khushu [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tsagan Khusku, Tsagan Usu, Tsagan Hushu", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-28-5811; E: 100-21-3479; A: 1334m. Mostly the northern area of the Tsagan Khushu badlands." }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1211890", "collectionId": "69801", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4373", "collectionReferenceId": "14285", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bugin Tsav (= Bügin Tsav), SW Mongolia" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1267119", "collectionId": "127682", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55060", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ulaan Khushu [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Ulan Hushu, Ulan Khushu", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ulan Khushu; N: 43-29-01.6; E: 100-27-41.7; A: 1253 m.\r\nLocated 2.9 km NE of Naran Bulak spring. Fossiliferous beds are in a cliff mainly facing E and N." }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1269345", "collectionId": "168809", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42289", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Western Sayr [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-30-0581; E: 101-02-5971; A: 1521m. Western Sayr area of Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1269349", "collectionId": "168810", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42289", "collectionReferenceId": "42289", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Central Sayr [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-30-0581; E: 101-02-5971; A: 1521m. Central Sayr area of Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1269836", "collectionId": "127671", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42289", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula II [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "mostly from \"upper part\" of the section", "geogcomments": "N: 43-35-53.2; E: 100-30-14.3; A: 1573 m" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1328397", "collectionId": "165580", "identifiedName": "Gorgosaurus novojilovi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34612", "collectionReferenceId": "34612", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Hushu [MPE/SMGE] (PIN coll. 552)", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Geological Expedition, Tsagan Ula, Tsagan Khushu, Tsagaan Uul", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Tsagan Ula (= Hushu/Ushu/Khusku), Omnogov; Transaltaian Gobi, Tsagan Hushu (= Tsagan Khusku), northern Gobi, Mongolia. Coordinates averaged from those in Gradzinksi et al., 1968." }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1328398", "collectionId": "51972", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus efremovi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34612", "collectionReferenceId": "34612", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt locality (PIN coll. 551) [MPE]", "collection_aka": "Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Nemegtu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Nemegt, Nemegt Basin" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1328399", "collectionId": "51972", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus bataar n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59137", "collectionReferenceId": "34612", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt locality (PIN coll. 551) [MPE]", "collection_aka": "Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Nemegtu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Nemegt, Nemegt Basin" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1333016", "collectionId": "179625", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59136", "collectionReferenceId": "59136", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermin Tsav, Upper White Beds (PIN coll. 3142) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Khermeen Tsav, Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "From the Upper White Beds (Nemegt Formation)", "geogcomments": "Khermeen Tsav (no discrimination between sites I and II" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1338363", "collectionId": "180680", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59835", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Northern Sayr, site 10 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Nem010", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of \"Upper beds\" (= Nemegt Fm.), about 10 m above Passage Series", "geogcomments": "southern part of northern sayr, Nemegt locality" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1338364", "collectionId": "180681", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9900", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Central Sayr, site 2 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem002, Tarb68", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of Nemegt Formation (= Upper Nemegt beds here), just above the Passage Series and at top of them as well", "geogcomments": "W of Great Pyramid, Nemegt (= Nemegetu) locality, Nemegt Basin, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1338365", "collectionId": "180682", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59835", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Central Sayr, site 3 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem003", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of Nemegt Formation (= Upper Nemegt beds here), just above the Passage Series and at top of them as well", "geogcomments": "W of Great Pyramid, Nemegt (= Nemegetu) locality, Nemegt Basin, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1338367", "collectionId": "180684", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10453", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Western Sayr, site 31 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Nem031", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation (= Upper Nemegt beds)", "geogcomments": "in N part of Western Sayr" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1338410", "collectionId": "180699", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10453", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Northern Sayr, site 24 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem024", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of \"upper beds\" = Nemegt Fm", "geogcomments": "Northern Sayr, Nemegt locality, Nemegt basin, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1338411", "collectionId": "180700", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10453", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Western Sayr, site 29 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Nem029", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of \"upper beds\" = Nemegt Fm", "geogcomments": "Western Sayr, Nemegt locality, Nemegt basin, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1338420", "collectionId": "180710", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10453", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nemegt, Western Sayr, site 30 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Nem030", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation (= Upper Nemegt beds here)", "geogcomments": "Western Sayr, Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1338567", "collectionId": "37007", "identifiedName": "? Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9900", "collectionReferenceId": "9901", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tsagan Hushu, site 5 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Tsagan Ula, Tsagan Khushu, TsKh005", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Tsagan Hushu (= Tsagan Ula, Tsagan Khushu, Tsagan-ushu), Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1338653", "collectionId": "180812", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59835", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV, site 11 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, AU4011", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in section", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula IV, 40 km W of Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1338654", "collectionId": "180813", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59835", "collectionReferenceId": "9900", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV, site 12 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, AU4012", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "high in section", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula IV, 40 km W of Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1564994", "collectionId": "38695", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77256", "collectionReferenceId": "10137", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula III, site 2 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, AU3002", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper Nemegt beds = Nemegt Fm., \"tentatively placed\" low in formation", "geogcomments": "Altan Ula III, 40 km W of Nemegt, Omnogov (southern Mongolia). Quarry atop a small hill" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1587369", "collectionId": "62360", "identifiedName": "? Tarbosaurus bataar", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus bataar", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79687", "collectionReferenceId": "40224", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Laiyang", "formation": "Jiangjunding", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wangshi", "collection_name": "0.6 mi. southwest of Chiangchingting", "collection_aka": "Chiang Chün Ting", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW of Laiyang, Laiyang district, Shandong province, China. 1 li (0.6 mi) SW of Chiangchingting (Chiang-Chün-Ting) village" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1635340", "collectionId": "220943", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59835", "collectionReferenceId": "67904", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Tomb, Altan Ula II [SMPE/KID]", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S flank of Altan Ula II, W of Nemegt, Omnogov (southern Mongolia)" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1706160", "collectionId": "241750", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "92756", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula IV (KID)", "collection_aka": "Altan Uul IV", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "top of hill at Altan Ula IV" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056759", "collectionId": "229067", "identifiedName": "? Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "83806", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav tracksite (KID)", "collection_aka": "FS045, Gall035, Bügiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "tracksite adjacent to abandoned illegally excavated quarry" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056763", "collectionId": "206055", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "66054", "cc": "MN", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khuree Tsav [KID]", "collection_aka": "Shireegin Gashun", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 43-59-0712; E: 101-16-5466; A: 1032m\r\ncliff in the W part of Shiregn Gashin Basin" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056767", "collectionId": "199805", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "67955", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altan Ula III [KID]", "collection_aka": "Altan Uul III", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056777", "collectionId": "226994", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "82395", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hermiin Tsav (KID) [Nemegt Fm.]", "collection_aka": "Khermin Tsav; Khermeen Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056803", "collectionId": "277797", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "92756", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gurilin Tsav [KID]", "collection_aka": "Gurlin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Gurilin Tsav, Nemegt Basin" }, { "genusId": "53224", "genus": "Tarbosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2056813", "collectionId": "277800", "identifiedName": "Tarbosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarbosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92756", "collectionReferenceId": "92756", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav [KID]", "collection_aka": "Bugin-tsav; Bügiin Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bugin Tsav" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Tyrannosaurini", "Tarbosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "clade:Tyrannosauridae", "clade:Tyrannosaurinae", "clade:Tyrannosaurini", "genus:53224" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53224", "182140" ], "candidateIds": [ "53224", "182140" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38836", "name": "Tarchia", "displayName": "Tarchia", "attribution": "Maryanska 1977", "rawAttribution": "Maryanska 1977", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38836", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Tarchia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52798", "38836" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38836", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tarchia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38836" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38836", "genus": "Tarchia", "occurrenceId": "1058815", "collectionId": "55258", "identifiedName": "Tarchia sp.", "acceptedName": "Tarchia", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55298", "collectionReferenceId": "42291", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermin Tsav I, Upper White Beds [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Khermeen Tsav", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "From the Upper White Beds (NemegtFormation).\r\nfrom the \"Upper White Beds\" (ref 35934), which is confusing because the upper beds of the formation are usually called the \"Red Beds\" and ref 41448 says that the Red Bed is the fossiliferous layer.\r\nNemegt Formation according to Suzuki et al. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=273396", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tataouinea", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=273396" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "273396", "genus": "Tataouinea", "occurrenceId": "1153480", "collectionId": "147575", "identifiedName": "Tataouinea hannibalis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tataouinea hannibalis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47523", "collectionReferenceId": "47523", "cc": "TN", "state": "Tataouine", "county": "", "formation": "Aïn el Guettar", "member": "Oum ed Diab", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jebel El Mra", "collection_aka": "Tataouinea hannibalis type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower deposits of member, ca. 5 m above base", "geogcomments": "at Jebel El Mra, ca. 50 km S of Tataouine and 5 km S of Bir Amir village" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Rebbachisauridae", "Khebbashia", "Rebbachisaurinae", "Tataouinea" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Diplodocoidea", "clade:Diplodocimorpha", "clade:Rebbachisauridae", "clade:Khebbashia", "clade:Rebbachisaurinae", "genus:273396" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57366", "38679", "273396" ], "candidateIds": [ "57366", "38679", "273396" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "345410", "name": "Taurovenator", "displayName": "Taurovenator", "attribution": "Motta et al. 2016", "rawAttribution": "Motta et al. 2016", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=345410", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Taurovenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "64112", "65363", "345410" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=345410", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Taurovenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=345410" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "345410", "genus": "Taurovenator", "occurrenceId": "1337634", "collectionId": "180530", "identifiedName": "Taurovenator violantei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Taurovenator violantei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59904", "collectionReferenceId": "59904", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Huincul", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Violante farm", "collection_aka": "Violante’s farm, Pueblo Blanco Natural Reserve", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Violante farm, SE of Ezequiel Ramos-Mexia lake, NW Río Negro province - specimens from an area at least 800 m in extent: specimen MPCA-Pv 803 was found at 39° 24′ 10.17′′ S, 68° 36′ 53.37′′ W, that is, 800 m far from the site where the holotype (MPCA PV 802) was recovered (39° 23′ 45.24′′ S, 68° 36′ 40.80′′ W)" }, { "genusId": "345410", "genus": "Taurovenator", "occurrenceId": "1337635", "collectionId": "180530", "identifiedName": "Taurovenator violantei", "acceptedName": "Taurovenator violantei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90016", "collectionReferenceId": "59904", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Huincul", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Violante farm", "collection_aka": "Violante’s farm, Pueblo Blanco Natural Reserve", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Violante farm, SE of Ezequiel Ramos-Mexia lake, NW Río Negro province - specimens from an area at least 800 m in extent: specimen MPCA-Pv 803 was found at 39° 24′ 10.17′′ S, 68° 36′ 53.37′′ W, that is, 800 m far from the site where the holotype (MPCA PV 802) was recovered (39° 23′ 45.24′′ S, 68° 36′ 40.80′′ W)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Taurovenator" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Carcharodontosauridae", "genus:345410" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38597", "38576", "54540", "440804", "77205", "345410", "58907" ], "candidateIds": [ "54540", "345410" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "AR", "río negro" ], "label": "Río Negro · AR", "occurrenceId": "1337635", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Giganotosaurus", "Taurovenator" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acrocanthosaurus", "Carcharodontosaurus", "Lajasvenator", "Mapusaurus", "Unquillosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Giganotosaurus": [ "1555680" ], "Taurovenator": [ "1337634", "1337635" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54540", "345410" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "159718", "name": "Tawa", "displayName": "Tawa", "attribution": "Nesbitt et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Nesbitt et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=159718", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Tawa" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "159718" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Tawa; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Carnivory inferred within an anatomically predatory bracket, including genera without diagnostic teeth.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D8", "title": "A new taxon of saurischian dinosaur from the Coelophysis Quarry of New Mexico, USA (Triassic: latest Norian or Rhaetian) highlights herrerasaurian diversity in the latest Triassic", "authors": "Srivastava and Nesbitt", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/spp2.70069", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.70069", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text available; abstract, diagnosis and phylogenetic passages read", "dietSupport": "Ptychotherates belongs in a morphoraptoran/herrerasaurian bracket. The paper supplies placement, not direct feeding evidence; carnivory is an explicit relative-based inference.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view2", "turn465view4" ] }, { "id": "D9", "title": "Gnathovorax cabreirai: a new early dinosaur and the origin and initial radiation of predatory dinosaurs", "authors": "Pacheco et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7963", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6844243/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental morphology and predatory discussion read", "dietSupport": "Blade-like, recurved, compressed serrated crowns and comparative anatomy support predatory feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view1", "turn587view2" ] }, { "id": "D10", "title": "The osteology of the early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early dinosaurs", "authors": "Nesbitt and Sues", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa080", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/1/150/5879911", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; feeding discussion read; online publication 2020, volume 2021", "dietSupport": "Carnivory inferred from unusual procumbent dentition. Also supports comparisons with predatory Tawa/Chindesaurus.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view3", "turn591view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "carnivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=159718", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tawa", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=159718" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "159718", "genus": "Tawa", "occurrenceId": "837653", "collectionId": "74202", "identifiedName": "Tawa hallae", "acceptedName": "Tawa hallae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31393", "collectionReferenceId": "24915", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Petrified Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hayden Quarry, Ghost Ranch (site 3)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of the member; \"The Hayden Quarry has been dated to ~215 to 213 million years ago.\" \r\n\"Determining absolute ages of the Chinle Formation is difficult because of a lack of available radiometric dates and comprehensive paleomagnetic records. The best age estimates come from palynological and vertebrate biostratigraphy. Litwin and his colleagues (1986; Litwin et al. 1991) described Norian-aged palynological assemblages from the approximate level of the Canjilon Quarry, and assemblages from the overlying “upper siltstone” member (which contains the Coelophysis Quarry) that are no older than mid-Norian in age. The HQ assemblage includes several biostratigraphically useful vertebrate taxa: pseudopalatine phytosaurs, and the aetosaurs Typothorax coccinarum and Rioarribasuchus chamaensis. These taxa are only found in sediments with Norian pollen at Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO), Arizona and other Chinle Formation localities. Furthermore, pseudopalatine phytosaurs and Typothorax are found both above and below the Black Forest Tuff at PEFO, a local marker bed that yielded the only published radiometric date in the Chinle Formation. Detrital zircons from the Black Forest Tuff indicate a maximum 206Pb/238U age of 213 Ma (Riggs et al. 2003). The association of vertebrate taxa found at this stratigraphic level has a longer range both above and below the Black Forest Tuff, so it is not clear what part of this range correlates with the HQ assemblage. Nonetheless, a broadly Norian age for the HQ assemblage is justified because both the vertebrates and pollen provide an unambiguous Norian signal, and there is at present no evidence to the contrary. This age assignment is also consistent with preliminary results from magnetostratigraphy in the Chama Basin (Zeigler et al. 2005).\"", "geogcomments": "\"is located in a series of exposures along the drainage of Arroyo Seco, an intermittently flowing tributary of the Rio Chama.\"" }, { "genusId": "159718", "genus": "Tawa", "occurrenceId": "837654", "collectionId": "92938", "identifiedName": "Tawa hallae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tawa hallae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31393", "collectionReferenceId": "31393", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Petrified Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hayden Quarry, Ghost Ranch (site 2)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of the member; \"The Hayden Quarry has been dated to ~215 to 213 million years ago\"\r\n\"Determining absolute ages of the Chinle Formation is difficult because of a lack of available radiometric dates and comprehensive paleomagnetic records. The best age estimates come from palynological and vertebrate biostratigraphy. Litwin and his colleagues (1986; Litwin et al. 1991) described Norian-aged palynological assemblages from the approximate level of the Canjilon Quarry, and assemblages from the overlying “upper siltstone” member (which contains the Coelophysis Quarry) that are no older than mid-Norian in age. The HQ assemblage includes several biostratigraphically useful vertebrate taxa: pseudopalatine phytosaurs, and the aetosaurs Typothorax coccinarum and Rioarribasuchus chamaensis. These taxa are only found in sediments with Norian pollen at Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO), Arizona and other Chinle Formation localities. Furthermore, pseudopalatine phytosaurs and Typothorax are found both above and below the Black Forest Tuff at PEFO, a local marker bed that yielded the only published radiometric date in the Chinle Formation. Detrital zircons from the Black Forest Tuff indicate a maximum 206Pb/238U age of 213 Ma (Riggs et al. 2003). The association of vertebrate taxa found at this stratigraphic level has a longer range both above and below the Black Forest Tuff, so it is not clear what part of this range correlates with the HQ assemblage. Nonetheless, a broadly Norian age for the HQ assemblage is justified because both the vertebrates and pollen provide an unambiguous Norian signal, and there is at present no evidence to the contrary. This age assignment is also consistent with preliminary results from magnetostratigraphy in the Chama Basin (Zeigler et al. 2005).\"", "geogcomments": "\"located in a series of exposures along the drainage of Arroyo Seco, an intermittently flowing tributary of the Rio Chama.\"\r\n" }, { "genusId": "159718", "genus": "Tawa", "occurrenceId": "837655", "collectionId": "92939", "identifiedName": "Tawa hallae", "acceptedName": "Tawa hallae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31393", "collectionReferenceId": "31393", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Rio Arriba", "formation": "Chinle", "member": "Petrified Forest", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hayden Quarry, Ghost Ranch (site 4)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "lower part of the member; \"The Hayden Quarry has been dated to ~215 to 213 million years ago.\" \r\n\"Determining absolute ages of the Chinle Formation is difficult because of a lack of available radiometric dates and comprehensive paleomagnetic records. The best age estimates come from palynological and vertebrate biostratigraphy. Litwin and his colleagues (1986; Litwin et al. 1991) described Norian-aged palynological assemblages from the approximate level of the Canjilon Quarry, and assemblages from the overlying “upper siltstone” member (which contains the Coelophysis Quarry) that are no older than mid-Norian in age. The HQ assemblage includes several biostratigraphically useful vertebrate taxa: pseudopalatine phytosaurs, and the aetosaurs Typothorax coccinarum and Rioarribasuchus chamaensis. These taxa are only found in sediments with Norian pollen at Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO), Arizona and other Chinle Formation localities. Furthermore, pseudopalatine phytosaurs and Typothorax are found both above and below the Black Forest Tuff at PEFO, a local marker bed that yielded the only published radiometric date in the Chinle Formation. Detrital zircons from the Black Forest Tuff indicate a maximum 206Pb/238U age of 213 Ma (Riggs et al. 2003). The association of vertebrate taxa found at this stratigraphic level has a longer range both above and below the Black Forest Tuff, so it is not clear what part of this range correlates with the HQ assemblage. Nonetheless, a broadly Norian age for the HQ assemblage is justified because both the vertebrates and pollen provide an unambiguous Norian signal, and there is at present no evidence to the contrary. This age assignment is also consistent with preliminary results from magnetostratigraphy in the Chama Basin (Zeigler et al. 2005).\"", "geogcomments": "\"is located in a series of exposures along the drainage of\r\nArroyo Seco, an intermittently flowing tributary of the Rio Chama.\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Morphoraptora", "Tawa" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "159718", "rationale": "Both original 2026 matrices support Morphoraptora; avoid forcing contested Herrerasauria root while adding four supported members.", "references": [ { "id": "srivastava2026", "title": "A new taxon of saurischian dinosaur from the Coelophysis Quarry of New Mexico", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.70069", "doi": "10.1002/spp2.70069", "year": 2026, "access": "Publisher full text accessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ptychotherates, Tawa, Chindesaurus and Daemonosaurus form Morphoraptora; two matrices disagree on deepest saurischian topology. Morphoraptora sister to Herrerasauridae in both." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Morphoraptora", "genus:159718" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "candidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68535", "name": "Tazoudasaurus", "displayName": "Tazoudasaurus", "attribution": "Allain et al. 2004", "rawAttribution": "Allain et al. 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68535", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Tazoudasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "68535" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68535", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tazoudasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68535" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68535", "genus": "Tazoudasaurus", "occurrenceId": "539053", "collectionId": "56129", "identifiedName": "Tazoudasaurus naimi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tazoudasaurus naimi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15118", "collectionReferenceId": "15118", "cc": "MA", "state": "Ouarzazate", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Toundoute", "collection_name": "Douar of Tazouda, locality A", "collection_aka": "Toundoute", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Toarcian continental detrital series concordantly overlying early to middle Lower Jurassic marine carbonates\"", "geogcomments": "Douar of Tazouda, near village of Toundoute, High Atlas" }, { "genusId": "68535", "genus": "Tazoudasaurus", "occurrenceId": "539055", "collectionId": "56130", "identifiedName": "Tazoudasaurus naimi", "acceptedName": "Tazoudasaurus naimi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15118", "collectionReferenceId": "15118", "cc": "MA", "state": "Ouarzazate", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Toundoute", "collection_name": "Douar of Tazouda, locality B", "collection_aka": "Toundoute", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Toundoute \"continental detrital series\"; site is 30 m above Locality A", "geogcomments": "Douar of Tazouda, near village of Toundoute, High Atlas" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Tazoudasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "genus:68535" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38657", "176574", "68535" ], "candidateIds": [ "38657", "176574", "68535" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38721", "name": "Technosaurus", "displayName": "Technosaurus", "attribution": "Chatterjee 1984", "rawAttribution": "Chatterjee 1984", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38721", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Silesauridae", "Sulcimentisauria", "Technosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "163003", "398795", "38721" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38721", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Technosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38721" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38721", "genus": "Technosaurus", "occurrenceId": "562834", "collectionId": "13273", "identifiedName": "Technosaurus smalli n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Technosaurus smalli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29594", "collectionReferenceId": "63730", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Garza", "formation": "Cooper Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Dockum", "collection_name": "Miller's Ranch Quarry", "collection_aka": "Post Quarry, Dockum Group, ETE Locality 1583, MOTT VPL 3624", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "About 50 metres above the contact between the top of the Trujillo Sandstone and the base of the Cooper Canyon Formation and can be correlated to lithologic unit 9 of the nearby type section of the Cooper Canyon Formation. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66568", "name": "Tehuelchesaurus", "displayName": "Tehuelchesaurus", "attribution": "Rich et al. 1999", "rawAttribution": "Rich et al. 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66568", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Camarasauromorpha", "Tehuelchesaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "71921", "66568" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "362111", "name": "Teihivenator", "displayName": "Teihivenator", "attribution": "Yun 2017", "rawAttribution": "Yun 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=362111", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Teihivenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "362111" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=362111", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Teihivenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=362111" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "362111", "genus": "Teihivenator", "occurrenceId": "1263271", "collectionId": "129265", "identifiedName": "Teihivenator macropus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Teihivenator macropus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63583", "collectionReferenceId": "14123", "cc": "US", "state": "New Jersey", "county": "Monmouth", "formation": "Navesink", "member": "", "geological_group": "Monmouth", "collection_name": "G. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64068", "name": "Telmatosaurus", "displayName": "Telmatosaurus", "attribution": "Nopcsa 1903", "rawAttribution": "Nopcsa 1903", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64068", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Telmatosauridae", "Telmatosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "519377", "64068" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64068", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Telmatosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64068" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "150241", "collectionId": "13334", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76545", "collectionReferenceId": "5971", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tuştea-Oltoane nesting site", "collection_aka": "Valioara; Tuştea Oltoane; Tuştea nesting site; Vălioara; Valiora; Tustea, Ultoane; Tu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "northern part of Hateg Basin, 4.5 km east of Valioara, Romania. In a vertical escarpment of Oltoane Hill (= Ultoane), Tustea Village, Hateg Basin, Hunedoara County" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "292863", "collectionId": "27894", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "7650", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Toteşti-baraj", "collection_aka": "Hateg Basin; Toteşti baraj, Totesti; To", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "assigned to Sânpetru Formation with reservation, due to differences in sedimentology. Age assignment accordingly subject to revision. at least 6 levels with dinosaur nests.", "geogcomments": "within streambed of Râul Mare River, near barrage of Totesti village, central Hateg Basin, northwestern South Carpathians, Romania" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "567018", "collectionId": "59410", "identifiedName": "Limnosaurus transsylvanicus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32946", "collectionReferenceId": "53030", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Szentpéterfalva, Hateg Basin", "collection_aka": "Sânpetru, Sînpetru, Sâmpetru, Sîmpetru, Sacel, La Carare, Sinpetru", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ţabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "on the Nopcsa family estate near Sînpetru (Szentpéterfalva), in the southern Carpathian Mtns., near Hunedoara, Hateg Basin" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "755320", "collectionId": "80858", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27183", "collectionReferenceId": "53032", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vurpar (Vp)", "collection_aka": "Metaliferi area, Borberek; Vurpăr; Vu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal sequence of formation; \"Bozes strata\" in Weishampel et al. 2003", "geogcomments": "Vurpar (orig. Borberek), on R bank of Mures River, downstream from Alba Iulia, in the \"Metaliferi area\", Transylvanian Basin; near Vintu de Jos" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "872484", "collectionId": "96689", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73885", "collectionReferenceId": "32949", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Valiora", "collection_aka": "Valioara; Vălioara", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ţabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "near the village of Valioara" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "920591", "collectionId": "105174", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35186", "collectionReferenceId": "35186", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Location 6, Sibisel Valley", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"yielding a profile with progressively younger deposits and with a vertical thickness reaching approximately 2 km\"\r\n\r\nŢabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "\"Located in the South Carpathians in Romania, the Hateg Basin\"....\"The Sânpetru Formation crops out mainly along the Sibisel and Râul Mare valleys. The Sibisel valley opens from the center of the basin toward the south, yielding a profile with progressively younger deposits and with a vertical thickness reaching approximately 2 km. At location 6....\"" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "969940", "collectionId": "93729", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81031", "collectionReferenceId": "36651", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Râpa Rosie (RR), Sebes Valley ", "collection_aka": "Râpa Roşie, Rapa Rosie", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost part of the Sebeş Formation\n\nearly Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016 and Ţabără et al. 2022); later assigned to Late Maastrichtian (Bottfalvai et al., 2025).", "geogcomments": "Râpa Rosie, Sebes Valley, Alba district. On R bank of Secas River, at type section for Sebes Fm." }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "969944", "collectionId": "85496", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "28886", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lancram B (LcB), Sebes Valley (1.55 m)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "early Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016 and Ţabără et al. 2022)", "geogcomments": "Sebes Valley riverbed, 1.5 km NNE of Lancram village, 0.5 km downstream from confluence with Secas stream, on L bank of a wide meander" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "970254", "collectionId": "80859", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37235", "collectionReferenceId": "27183", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Şard", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Oarda de Jos B (OdB)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Oarda de Jos, Alba District, 2 km N of Vurpar along the R bank of Sebes River, 3 km S of Alba Iulia and 1 km upstream of junction with Mures River" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "970483", "collectionId": "67818", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37254", "collectionReferenceId": "19377", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vălioara-Budurone (VB)", "collection_aka": "Vălioara Budurone; Valioara; Valiora", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "SW of village of Valioara, along upstream half of Budurone Creek, an ephemeral left-side tributary of Valioara (Fantanle) Creek" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1106460", "collectionId": "48864", "identifiedName": "Orthomerus transylvanicus", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46006", "collectionReferenceId": "46006", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Var", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fox-Amphoux (Var)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "2 km N of village of Fox-Amphoux" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1205124", "collectionId": "97813", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "33802", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sebeş Glod A (SbG/A)", "collection_aka": "Sebes Glod; Sebeş", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower third of the Sebes Formation\r\n\r\nearly Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016 and Ţabără et al. 2022)", "geogcomments": "Sebes Glod locality, ca. 2.5 km N of town of Sebes, " }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1292433", "collectionId": "26369", "identifiedName": "cf. Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56054", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nălaţ-Vad", "collection_aka": "Nalat-Vad; Nalatvad; Râul Mare River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower to middle part of the upper Maastricthtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\"Râul Mare beds\", possibly upper section of ? Sînpetru Fm. or the Densus-Ciula Fm.\r\n\"can be considered as slightly older than at Totesti-baraj\"; at least 7 horizons with eggs at the site.\r\nalso listed as early Maastrichtian Sînpetru Formation", "geogcomments": "Nalatvad (Nalat-Vad), in the Râul Mare Valley, 3 km downstream from Totesti-baaraj and between villages of Nalat and Vad. Three fossiliferous \"pockets\" at this locality." }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1553346", "collectionId": "219171", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76067", "collectionReferenceId": "76067", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "New vertebrate site, Vălioara (Pârâul Ogradiilor ravine)", "collection_aka": "NVS; Valioara, Vălioara; Valiora; Valióra; Pareu Ogradilior", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "Pârâul Ogradiilor ravine, approximately 100 m south of site Kadiz site V" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1553364", "collectionId": "163322", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76067", "collectionReferenceId": "53166", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Site II, Pareu Niagului, Valióra", "collection_aka": "Valioara; Vălioara; Valiora; Pârâul Neagului, Kadic-Neagului1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "Pareu Niagului (Creek), Site II, near Valioara, \"Valioara, Neagului Cr.\"" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1553449", "collectionId": "97948", "identifiedName": "? Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76092", "collectionReferenceId": "33860", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Scoabă", "collection_aka": "Scoaba; Sânpetru-Scoabă, Sibişel Valley, SS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of the lower (but not basalmost) Maastrichtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\r\n\"Several vertebrate remains were discovered at different stratigraphic levels during the recent years in the Scoaba locality....As FGGUB R.1957 was found as a loose element, at the base of the section, its exact provenance is unknown\"", "geogcomments": "The Scoaba locality is situated in the lower part of the outcropping sequence, on the left side of the Sibişel Valley, includes several smaller excavations" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1553552", "collectionId": "219186", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76121", "collectionReferenceId": "76121", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Pui Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pui Gater (ex situ)", "collection_aka": "Bărbat River; Barbat River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Pui beds; customarily referred to the Sînpetru Formation, but it could represent a distinct stratigraphic unit, informally dubbed the ‘Bărbat Formation’ (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)or 'Pui Beds'.\n\nMost of the Pui localities are from the middle-upper part of the Bărbat River succession and are likely to be latest early to early late Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1570382", "collectionId": "10760", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "4002", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Garjobel", "collection_aka": "Gârjobel, Sânpetru, Girjobel", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "south of Sânpetru, Hateg Basin, western Romania. Possible includes both Garjobel I and Garjobel II (references mix the two names for the same site), as well as older Girjobel Groza site." }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1570411", "collectionId": "14454", "identifiedName": "? Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "78206", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Râpa Mocioconilor", "collection_aka": "Rapa Mocioconilor", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "includes sites 1 and 2; R side of Sânpetru, near Sacel" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1570421", "collectionId": "221774", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "77788", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Coasta Luncutei", "collection_aka": "Sânpetru", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Coasta Luncutei, R side of Sânpetru" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1570425", "collectionId": "153889", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "49868", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Groapa, Upper Quarry", "collection_aka": "La Groapă, Coasta Mereuta, SG", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Ţabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "Groapa, in the Sibisel Valley" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1570449", "collectionId": "221781", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "77788", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cinepis", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Cinepis, R side of Sânpetru" }, { "genusId": "64068", "genus": "Telmatosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1570457", "collectionId": "221784", "identifiedName": "Telmatosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Telmatosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "78206", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sub Târnov", "collection_aka": "Sub Tarnov", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Târnov, R side, Sânpetru" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Telmatosauridae", "Telmatosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "352583", "name": "Tengrisaurus", "displayName": "Tengrisaurus", "attribution": "Averianov and Skutschas 2017", "rawAttribution": "Averianov and Skutschas 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352583", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Tengrisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "389116", "352583" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352583", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "352583", "genus": "Tengrisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1363663", "collectionId": "58196", "identifiedName": "Tengrisaurus starkovi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tengrisaurus starkovi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62233", "collectionReferenceId": "68327", "cc": "RU", "state": "Buryat", "county": "Selenginsky", "formation": "Murtoi", "member": "Mogoito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mogoito, Promoina Klevenskogo", "collection_aka": "Gusinoye Lake; Lake Gusinoe; Kanon Ravine; Dinosaur Gulch, Ovrag Dinozavrov", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Late Barremian to 'middle' Aptian. Shown as within the \"lower (dinosaur\" layer, below the \"Turginsk Gorizont\" in Martinson 1961.", "geogcomments": "series of sites in shallow ravines (incl. Kanon Ravine) on W coast of Gusinoye (Gusinoe) Lake, Mogoito, Buryatia, Trasnbaikalia, Russia; about 110 km SW of Ulan-Ude; several sites over about 1 sq km - main excavations done in the Dinosaur Gulch (Ovrag Dinozavrov)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Tengrisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Colossosauria", "genus:352583" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "352583" ], "candidateIds": [ "352583" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38741", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tenontosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38741" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "259321", "collectionId": "25076", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "54181", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 31-6, Cashen Pocket", "collection_aka": "Cashen Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member = Ostrom's Unit VI; possible uppermost unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. NW 1/4, sec 33, T4S, R29E; 0.25 mi SE of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "259322", "collectionId": "25077", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "OU 40-11, Cashen Ranch (OMNH V184)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "slightly higher in section than AMNH Cashen Ranch site. Ostrom's Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. The overlying Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply. ", "geogcomments": "Collected two miles from AMNH site at Cashen Ranch. SE 1/4, sec 32, T4S, R29E, 1.25 mi SSW of Cashen Ranch House, 400 yds W of road." }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "289723", "collectionId": "14375", "identifiedName": "? Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7600", "collectionReferenceId": "3184", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Wise", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Butler Farm", "collection_aka": "SMU Loc. 20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "originally said to be from the Paluxy Formation: stratigraphic usage discussed by Winkler et al. 1990", "geogcomments": "250 yd NE of U. S. Highway 81, 3 mi NW of Decatur; coordinate given by Tasch 1967" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "289738", "collectionId": "14388", "identifiedName": "? Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7600", "collectionReferenceId": "19641", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Montague", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Greenwood Canyon", "collection_aka": "SMU Loc. 21, Triconodont Gully, Turtle Gully", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "2.5 mi SW of Forestburg - this includes multiple smaller localities, including \"Tricondont Gully\" and \"Turtle Gully\"" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "342961", "collectionId": "32296", "identifiedName": "cf. Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28721", "collectionReferenceId": "61343", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Pima", "formation": "Shellenberger Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Bisbee", "collection_name": "south of Empire Mountains", "collection_aka": "iguanodont locality", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from the \"lowermost suite\" of beds, non-marine formation", "geogcomments": "T18S, R16E, sec 26, 50 miles SE of Tucson, south of the Empire Mountains, Pima County" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "342987", "collectionId": "32298", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28721", "collectionReferenceId": "8694", "cc": "US", "state": "Arizona", "county": "Pima", "formation": "Shellenberger Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Bisbee", "collection_name": "west slope, Whetstone Mountains", "collection_aka": "iguanodont locality", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lowermost suite\" of beds in this region", "geogcomments": "10 miles E of Empire Mtns iguanodont locality, on W slope of Whetstone Mtns" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "468622", "collectionId": "14392", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1219", "collectionReferenceId": "1212", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "middle", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "McLeod Prison (OMNH V706), Tomato Hill", "collection_aka": "Howard McLeod Correctional Center; HMCC; McLeod 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "said to be late Aptian to early Albian\r\nmicrovertebrates (V706) are from \"1-1.5 m below the dinosaur-bearing horizon\" (Nydam and Cifelli 2002b)", "geogcomments": "\"Tomato Hill,\" a vocational training center for the Howard McLeod Correctional Center, 23 km WSW of Antlers" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "477946", "collectionId": "47346", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 33-1, Middle Dome", "collection_aka": "Tenontosaurus type site, AMNH 3040", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "questionable stratigraphic assignment; = Ostrom's Unit VII, fossils from approx. 60 ft below base of Unit VIII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 26, T7N, R16E, Wheatland Co., MT. Middle Dome, 12 miles SE of Harlowton" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "477947", "collectionId": "47347", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61518", "collectionReferenceId": "7478", "cc": "US", "state": "Maryland", "county": "Howard", "formation": "Arundel Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Potomac", "collection_name": "Jessup Police Barracks, Arundel (USNM)", "collection_aka": "Jessop", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Palynology of the Potomac Group suggests a late Aptian age for the Arundel facies (Brenner, 1963; Doyle and Robbins, 1977; Hochuli et al., 2006; Doyle, 2012)", "geogcomments": "near Jessup (Jessop) Police Barracks - probably close to Waterloo, MD" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498253", "collectionId": "50347", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "OU 40-12, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "slightly higher in section than AMNH Cashen Ranch site. Ostrom's Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. The overlying Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply. ", "geogcomments": "Collected two miles from AMNH site at Cashen Ranch. SE 1/4, sec 32, T4S, R29E, 1.25 mi SSW of Cashen Ranch House, close to OU 40-11." }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498254", "collectionId": "50348", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Yellowstone", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 31-10, north of Pryor", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 16, T4S, R26E, 0.25 mi W of AMNH 31-9" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498256", "collectionId": "50350", "identifiedName": "? Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 62-4, Shell", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "7 feet above unit VI; upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 12, T52N, R92W; 4 mi WSW of Shell" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498261", "collectionId": "50354", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PU 49-1, Tillett", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "35-40 feet below unit VI; member = Ostrom's unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: The overlying Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 34, T58N, R95W; 1.75 mi SW of Tillett Fish Hatchery" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498265", "collectionId": "50355", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 62-14, Tillett Fish Hatchery", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "20 feet below unit VI; member = Ostrom's unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: The overlying Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 1.75 mi WSW of Tillett Fish Hatchery" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498868", "collectionId": "50471", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-20, Point Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 7 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 36, T4S, R29E, 3 mi ESE of Cashen Ranch, 700 yds NW of Point Creek" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498871", "collectionId": "50473", "identifiedName": "? Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-28, Point Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 1, T5S, R29E, 3.75 mi SE of Cashen Ranch, 500 yds SE of Point Creek" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498872", "collectionId": "50474", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-36, Buster Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 1 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 12, T5S, R28E, 3.75 mi SW of Cashen Ranch, 400 yds NW of junction of West Buster and Middle Buster Creeks" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498876", "collectionId": "50477", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-38, Scott Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 14, T5S, R28E; 1100 yds NW of YPM 64-37 on opposite side of mesa" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498877", "collectionId": "50478", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "63682", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-37, West Buster Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 14 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone. ", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 24, T5S, R28E; 5.5 mi SW of Cashen Ranch house, 600 yds W of W Buster Creek" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498879", "collectionId": "50479", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-39, Push Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 16 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: New data reported in this study suggest that deposition of the Cloverly Formation spanned the Valanginian–Cenomanian stages (ca. 140 Ma–98 Ma), a longer time interval than the commonly cited Aptian–Albian depositional timeframe. In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 22, T5S, R28E; 700 yds E of Thor Lande ranch, on Push Creek" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498884", "collectionId": "50481", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-47, Warren", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 52 ft below Unit VIII", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 19, T8S, R25E; 5.5 mi NNW of Warren" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498886", "collectionId": "50482", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-49, Warren", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 12, T8S, R24E; 7 mi NNW of Warren" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498888", "collectionId": "50483", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-52, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 35 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 29, T7S, R24E; 2.5 mi SSE of Tom Edwards Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498893", "collectionId": "50487", "identifiedName": "? Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 66-4, Paint Rock Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 29, T49N, R90W; 1 mi SE of bridge over Paint Rock Creek" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498895", "collectionId": "50488", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-67, Bluewater Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 31, T5S, R24E; 5 mi NE of Bridger railroad station" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498898", "collectionId": "50490", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-71, Bluewater Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 9 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 5, T6S, R24E; 4.5 mi NE of Bridger railroad station, 0.5 mi N of Bluewater Creek" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498901", "collectionId": "50491", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-72, Bluewater Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 5 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 5, T6S, R24E; 0.25 mi S of YPM 64-71" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498902", "collectionId": "50492", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 65-1, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member, Ostrom's Unit VII; 25 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 8, T7S, R24E; 1.75 mi NE of Tom Edwards Ranch, 200 yds N of knob" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498923", "collectionId": "50498", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-19, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "site 118", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 0-8 ft above Unit VI\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 28, T58N, R95W; 30 yds NW of YPM 63-18" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498932", "collectionId": "50500", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 63-32, Crooked Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member = Ostrom's unit VI; 1-3 ft below Unit VII", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 29, T58N, R95W; 500 yds due W (\"over the scarp\") of YPM 63-28" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498933", "collectionId": "50501", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-23, Horse Coulée", "collection_aka": "Horse Coulee", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member = Ostrom's unit VI; 2 ft below Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 26, T4S, R29E; 2 mi E of Cashen Ranch house on Horse Coulée" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "498937", "collectionId": "50503", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 31-5, Cashen Pocket", "collection_aka": "Cashen Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 10-20 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 33, T4S, R29E; 0.25 mi SSE of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499153", "collectionId": "50525", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-41, Lande Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 8 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 21, T5S, R28E; 1 mi W of Thor Lande Ranch, on Push Creek" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499155", "collectionId": "50526", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-43, Lande Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's unit VII; 3 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 20, T5S, R28E; 650 yds W of YPM 64-41, 1 mi W of Thor Lande Ranch, on Push Creek" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499156", "collectionId": "50527", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 38-1, Push Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Units V, VI or VII", "geogcomments": "?NE 1/4, sec 20, T5S, R28E; approx 8 mi S of Cashen Ranch house and 1.5 mi W of Thor K. Lande Ranch, on Push Creek; locality uncertain but photo and notes indicate W end of outcrop in this area" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499158", "collectionId": "50529", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13950", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 32-2, Mott Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 8, T5S, R30E; 6 mi SE of Cashen Ranch house, 20 miles E of Pryor, on Mott Creek" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499161", "collectionId": "50531", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 32-5, Mott Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 8, T5S, R30E; 6 mi SE of Cashen Ranch house, on Mott Creek" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499167", "collectionId": "50537", "identifiedName": "? Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-25, Horse Coulée", "collection_aka": "Cashen Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 17 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 35, T4S, R29E; 200 yds S of YPM 64-24, 2 mi E of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499168", "collectionId": "50538", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-26, Horse Coulée", "collection_aka": "Cashen Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 28 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 35, T4S, R29E; 160 yds SE of YPM 64-25, 2 mi E of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499170", "collectionId": "50539", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-27, Horse Coulée", "collection_aka": "Cashen Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 10 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 35, T4S, R29E; 300 yds SE of YPM 64-26, 2 mi E of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499172", "collectionId": "50540", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-64, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "Bridger", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 18 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 29, T6S, R24E; 4.25 mi NNE of Tom Edwards Ranch, 3.75 mi ESE of Bridger railroad station" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499173", "collectionId": "50541", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-63, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member = Ostrom's Unit VI; 7 ft below Unit VII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 29, T6S, R24E; 4.25 mi NNE of Tom Edwards Ranch, 3.75 mi ESE of Bridger railroad station, 220 yds N of YPM 64-64" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499177", "collectionId": "50543", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PU 48-1, Wheatland Co.", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "estimated as T6N, R15 or 16E" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499598", "collectionId": "50684", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 31-3, Cashen Pocket", "collection_aka": "Cashen Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's Unit V; 8 ft below Unit VI", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. NW 1/4, sec 33, T4S, R29E; 0.25 mi SSE of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499599", "collectionId": "50685", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": " AMNH 31-4, Cashen Pocket", "collection_aka": "Cashen Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's Unit V", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. NW 1/4, sec 33, T4S, R29E; 0.5 mi SE of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499606", "collectionId": "50686", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13935", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 31-7, Cashen Pocket", "collection_aka": "Cashen Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's Unit V; 23 ft below Unit VI; top of member", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. NW 1/4, sec 33, T4S, R29E; 0.5 mi SE of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499611", "collectionId": "50687", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 31-8, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's Unit V; 20 ft below Unit VI", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. NW 1/4, sec 33, T4S, R29E; 0.25 mi S of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499622", "collectionId": "50690", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 38-3, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unknown member/horizon", "geogcomments": "2 mi E of Cashen Ranch, probably near YPM 64-23, along E side of Horse Coulée" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499623", "collectionId": "50691", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 38-4, Middle Dome", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unknown member/horizon", "geogcomments": "in Middle Dome, 12 mi SE of Harlowton, MT; S part of T7N, R16E (sec 27 used for coordinates)" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499632", "collectionId": "50692", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-13, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's Unit V; 18 ft below Unit VI", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. NE 1/4, sec 32, T4S, R29E; 0.6 mi WSW of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499655", "collectionId": "50695", "identifiedName": "? Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-16, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 4 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. SE 1/4, sec 32, T4S, R29E; 1.25 mi SSW of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499656", "collectionId": "50696", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-17, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 11 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. SW 1/4, sec 33, T4S, R29E; 1.25 mi SSW of Cashen Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499661", "collectionId": "50697", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-18, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "site C-64-14-18-B", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 45-50 ft below Unit VIII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. SW 1/4, sec 33, T4S, R29E; 1 mi S of Cashen Ranch house, 350 yds E of YPM 64-17" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499662", "collectionId": "50698", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-19, Cashen Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 45-50 ft below Unit VIII\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: In the mid–late Albian to early Cenomanian (ca. 109–98 Ma), sediment sourced from the east was deposited as the Himes Member and Greybull Sandstone.", "geogcomments": "Buster Creek, Cashen Ranch, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana. SW 1/4, sec 33, T4S, R29E; 1 mi S of Cashen Ranch house, 150 yds E of YPM 64-18" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499679", "collectionId": "50701", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-57, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 4 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 17, T7S, R24E; 1.5 mi NE of Tom Edwards Ranch house" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499680", "collectionId": "50702", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-58, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 4 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 17, T7S, R24E; 1.5 mi NE of Tom Edwards Ranch house, on NW side of knob" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499687", "collectionId": "50706", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-74, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 14 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 17, T7S, R24E; 1.55 mi NE of Tom Edwards Ranch, on N side of knob" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499689", "collectionId": "50707", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "65943", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-75, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member = Ostrom's Unit VII; 14-17 ft above Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec 17, T7S, R24E; 1.5 mi NE of Tom Edwards Ranch, on N side of knob" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499695", "collectionId": "50710", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "YPM 64-54, Edwards Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ostrom's Unit V; 8 ft below Unit VI", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 17, T7S, R24E; 1 mi NE of Tom Edwards Ranch, 60 yds E of YPM 64-53" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499702", "collectionId": "50713", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 03-29, Beauvais Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "25 mi SE of Pryor, MT near Cashen Ranch, probably along Beauvais Creek" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499743", "collectionId": "50718", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 33-3", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "questionable stratigraphic assignment; = Ostrom's Unit VII", "geogcomments": "sec 26, 27, 34 or 35, T7N, R16E" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499856", "collectionId": "50719", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 33-4", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unknown member", "geogcomments": "sec 34, T7N?, R16E; originally listed as T5N but no Cloverly there, so township estimated to be 7N, along S flank of Middle Dome" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "499857", "collectionId": "50720", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13525", "collectionReferenceId": "13525", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AMNH 33-5", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unknown member", "geogcomments": "sec 34, T7N?, R16E; originally listed as T5N but no Cloverly there, so township estimated to be 7N, along S flank of Middle Dome" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "517457", "collectionId": "52436", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14102", "collectionReferenceId": "14102", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Himes", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MOR CL-103, Bluewater Creek Fish Hatchery", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "base of Unit VII", "geogcomments": "2.1 km N of Bluewater Creek Fish Hatchery, Carbon Co." }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519867", "collectionId": "52895", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus dossi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus dossi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14257", "collectionReferenceId": "14257", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Parker", "formation": "Twin Mountains", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Doss Ranch, SMU Loc. 226-1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "approx. 17 m below Glen Rose Limestone", "geogcomments": "just W of Weatherford, in dry creek on Doss Ranch, near Milsap" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520912", "collectionId": "14374", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1219", "collectionReferenceId": "1219", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "middle", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Antlers Formation (OMNH V212)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "521219", "collectionId": "53338", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14375", "collectionReferenceId": "14375", "cc": "US", "state": "Idaho", "county": "Caribou", "formation": "Wayan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tincup Creek, Site C", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "East of Wayan, Idaho along upper Tincup Creek for about 2.5 miles from Idaho Road 34 northwestward along the gravel side road to Gray to the first bridge crossing Tincup Creek." }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "577905", "collectionId": "60814", "identifiedName": "cf. Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78389", "collectionReferenceId": "2087", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Price River I site (CEUM 42EM352U)", "collection_aka": "PR1, PR-1, Price River 1, Utah Em271v, CEU 90-2", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "previously reported as Mussentuchit and Poison Strip Sandstone\r\n\r\nOverall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from approximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)\r\n", "geogcomments": "site in Carbon Co. SE of Price, at N end of San Rafael Swell, but est'd coordinates are in Emery Co., located SE of Wellington, UT" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "908397", "collectionId": "102299", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34750", "collectionReferenceId": "34750", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Bighorn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "FMNH Tenontosaurus", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"This subdivision [Ostrom 1970 Unit V] corresponds roughly to the upper part of the Little Sheep Mudstone member\"", "geogcomments": "\"close to the type section of the Cloverly Formation....within a unit identified by Ostrom (1970:pls. 1A, 2A, 4A, 6B) as belonging to his Unit V subdivision of the formation (Section 14, Twp. 54N, Range 92W, Park County, Wyoming; specific coordinates on file at FMNH).\" Note: county should be Bighorn County, not Park County. " }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "915063", "collectionId": "103969", "identifiedName": "cf. Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35018", "collectionReferenceId": "35018", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Wayne", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Cathedral Valley", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Overall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "\"within 1 mile of the eastern boundary\" of Capitol Reef National Park, \"near Cathedral Valley\" " }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "924720", "collectionId": "97951", "identifiedName": "? Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "57899", "collectionReferenceId": "57899", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Ruby Ranch", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Hotel Mesa East, OMNH V857", "collection_aka": "Hotel Mesa Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Stratigraphically, OMNHV857 lies in a sequence of Lower Cretaceous rocks interposed between the Morrison Formation (Kimmeridgian) below and the Dakota Formation (Cenomanian) above. Westward, these rocks are recognized as the Cedar Mountain Formation; eastward, the Burro Canyon Formation. The arbitrary dividing line between these entities is generally placed at the Colorado River (Stokes 1952; Tschudy et al. 1984) which technically places OMNHV857 within the Burro Canyon Formation. However, we will refer to the locality as belonging to the more widely recognized Cedar Mountain Formation, as it is in this formation that comparable specimens are known, and the stratigraphy and sedimentology do not change across the arbitrary border.\" (Taylor et al. 2011:76)\r\n\"Stratigraphically, OMNH locality V857 lies within the Ruby Ranch Member, a few meters below the local contact with the Dakota Formation (see Kirkland et al. 1999: fig. 8). As a working hypothesis, we regard the fossils from the Hotel Mesa site as being Aptian–Albian\" (Taylor et al. 2011: 77)\r\n\r\nOverall, based on zircon ages and chemostratigraphic studies, the Ruby Ranch Member ranges in age from ap-proximately middle Aptian to middle Albian (about 118 to 105 Ma) for the western Paradox Basin and northern San Rafael Swell. Other radiometric ages indicate the presence of upper Albian strata as well (Chure and others, 2010; Ludvigson and others, 2010a, 2015; Sprinkel and others, 2012)", "geogcomments": "\"Southwest flank of Hotel Mesa in easternmost Grand County, Utah, about 1.3 km north-northeast of the junction of the Colorado and Dolores rivers (sec. 4. T23S R24E, Dewey 7.5' quadrangle, USGS provisional edition 1985\" (Taylor et al. 2011:76)" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092926", "collectionId": "137567", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 42183, Ostrom's Beach", "collection_aka": "MTC WY-04028", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1093087", "collectionId": "137607", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 42245", "collection_aka": "MTC WY-10020", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "low in Unit V\r\n\r\nD'Emic et al. 2019: Little Sheep Mudstone Member was deposited ca. 124–109 Ma in a time of low sediment supply.", "geogcomments": "Wade quad" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1093128", "collectionId": "137617", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "44000", "collectionReferenceId": "44000", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "Little Sheep Mudstone", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USNM Loc. 43638", "collection_aka": "MTC WY-10033", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Unit V", "geogcomments": "Wade quad" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1330927", "collectionId": "14388", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13937", "collectionReferenceId": "19641", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Montague", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Greenwood Canyon", "collection_aka": "SMU Loc. 21, Triconodont Gully, Turtle Gully", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "2.5 mi SW of Forestburg - this includes multiple smaller localities, including \"Tricondont Gully\" and \"Turtle Gully\"" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1431952", "collectionId": "199750", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13937", "collectionReferenceId": "13937", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "OMNH V70 (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Unspecified location in Atoka Co." }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1431953", "collectionId": "199751", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13937", "collectionReferenceId": "13937", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Wise", "formation": "Paluxy", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Denton Creek (TMM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Denton Creek, Wise Co." }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1583990", "collectionId": "24178", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "89147", "collectionReferenceId": "6837", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "middle", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "Arnold's Bottom, OMNH locality V821", "collection_aka": "Sauroposeidon type; McLeod 3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "probably upper-middle Antlers, laterally equivalent to OMNH V706; Tenontosaurus collected from 3-5m above Sauroposeidon", "geogcomments": "ca. 20 km W of Antlers and 1 km NE of OMNH V706; eroded area near earthen dam built for a cattle tank at the Howard McLeod Correctional Center" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1583991", "collectionId": "223864", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78851", "collectionReferenceId": "78851", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "McLeod 1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "a small stream bank located about midway between McLeod 2 and McLeod 3 at the Howard McLeod Correctional Center" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1583993", "collectionId": "223866", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78851", "collectionReferenceId": "78851", "cc": "US", "state": "Oklahoma", "county": "Atoka", "formation": "Antlers", "member": "", "geological_group": "Trinity", "collection_name": "north of Arnold's Bottom, McLeod", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "north of Arnold's Bottom, at the Howard McLeod Correctional Center" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1586561", "collectionId": "224187", "identifiedName": "cf. Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81480", "collectionReferenceId": "81480", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Reef Ornithopod", "collection_aka": "Reef Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The upper part of the Cedar Mountain Formation is light-gray-brown mudstone, and contained an ornithopod dinosaur skeleton that was completely excavated and fully reclaimed. Zircons were extracted from a bentonitic bed within the Dakota Formation; 44 of 50 grains yielded U-Pb ages between 96-109 Ma, and 21 grains yielded ages between 100 and 104 Ma, giving a final age of 101.4 ± 0.4 Ma at ± 2 sigma.", "geogcomments": "at the Reef Quarry section; a few tens of meters E of the pipeline corridor NW of Dinosaur National Monument." }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1620754", "collectionId": "14376", "identifiedName": "? Tenontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30601", "collectionReferenceId": "83879", "cc": "US", "state": "Maryland", "county": "Prince George's", "formation": "Arundel Clay", "member": "", "geological_group": "Potomac", "collection_name": "Cherokee-Sanford Brick Clay Pit (USNM Loc. 41614, 41615)", "collection_aka": "Hotton locality; Dinosaur Park, M-NCPPC, Washington Brick Company; Muirkirk", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Palynology of the Potomac Group suggests a late Aptian age for the Arundel facies (Brenner, 1963; Doyle and Robbins, 1977; Hochuli et al., 2006; Doyle, 2012)\r\nArundel Clay facies of the Patuxent Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous).", "geogcomments": "\"east of US route 1 and south of Contee Road, Muirkirk\"; \"on south side of B & O tracks in Muirkirk.\"\r\nStation 16 in Brenner (1963).\r\nUSNM locality 41614 (39°04'14\"N 76°52'08\"W), open-pit clay mine near Muirkirk, near the O'Brien and Hooff ore banks in Singewald (1911). Later the Washington Brick Company brick pit, then the Cherokee-Sanford Brick Clay Pit, presently Dinosaur Park (M-NCPPC)i" }, { "genusId": "38741", "genus": "Tenontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1621762", "collectionId": "229407", "identifiedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "acceptedName": "Tenontosaurus tilletti", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83957", "collectionReferenceId": "83957", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Cloverly", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "The Kelly Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from The Kelly Ranch, T5S, R29E" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Rhabdodontomorpha", "Tenontosauridae", "Tenontosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=424537", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Thanatotheristes", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=424537" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "424537", "genus": "Thanatotheristes", "occurrenceId": "1521091", "collectionId": "212647", "identifiedName": "Thanatotheristes degrootorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Thanatotheristes degrootorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73452", "collectionReferenceId": "73452", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Eastern shore of the Bow River (TMP 2010.5.7)", "collection_aka": "0.5 km upstream from the confluence of the Bow and Oldman rivers (The Forks)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Taber Coal Zone of the Foremost Formation", "geogcomments": "Base of a steep cliff on the eastern shore of the Bow River approximately 0.5 km upstream of the confluence with the Oldman River (i.e., The Forks) in Alberta, Canada" }, { "genusId": "424537", "genus": "Thanatotheristes", "occurrenceId": "1521092", "collectionId": "212648", "identifiedName": "Thanatotheristes degrootorum", "acceptedName": "Thanatotheristes degrootorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73452", "collectionReferenceId": "73452", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Foremost", "member": "Herronton Sandstone", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Twelve Mile Coulee (TMP 2018.16.1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Stratigraphically high within the Herronton Sandstone of the Foremost\r\nFormation", "geogcomments": "Along Twelve Mile Coulee, approximately 10 km northeast of Hays, Alberta" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Daspletosaurini", "Thanatotheristes" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "clade:Tyrannosauridae", "clade:Tyrannosaurinae", "clade:Daspletosaurini", "genus:424537" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38608", "424537" ], "candidateIds": [ "38608", "424537" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "379317", "name": "Thanos", "displayName": "Thanos", "attribution": "Delcourt and Iori 2020", "rawAttribution": "Delcourt and Iori 2020", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=379317", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Thanos" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "138556", "379317" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=379317", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Thanos", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=379317" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "379317", "genus": "Thanos", "occurrenceId": "1588709", "collectionId": "96196", "identifiedName": "Thanos simonattoi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Thanos simonattoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67480", "collectionReferenceId": "78582", "cc": "BR", "state": "São Paulo", "county": "", "formation": "São José do Rio Preto", "member": "", "geological_group": "Bauru", "collection_name": "North of Ibirá (near the farm of Sérgio Luis Simonatto)", "collection_aka": "MPMA 08", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "just N of municipality of Ibirá, São Paulo State" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Brachyrostra", "Thanos" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauridae", "clade:Brachyrostra", "genus:379317" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54523", "65415", "460113", "54531", "138555", "379317" ], "candidateIds": [ "379317" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "são josé do rio preto" ], "label": "São José do Rio Preto Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1588709", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Thanos" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aucasaurus", "Ekrixinatosaurus", "Guemesia", "Ilokelesia", "Skorpiovenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Thanos": [ "1588709" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "379317" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "53022", "name": "Thecodontosaurus", "displayName": "Thecodontosaurus", "attribution": "Riley and Stutchbury 1836", "rawAttribution": "Riley and Stutchbury 1836", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53022", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Thecodontosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "53022" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Quantitative tooth form/function supports plant-dominated feeding; no fossil meal claimed.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Thecodontosaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": null, "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic", "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53022", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Thecodontosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53022" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "372893", "collectionId": "35297", "identifiedName": "? Thecodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26977", "collectionReferenceId": "9522", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland North", "county": "Nyamandhlovu", "formation": "Forest Sandstone", "member": "", "geological_group": "Karoo", "collection_name": "Farm Waterfall (well), Bubi", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from the dump of a well, Waterfall farm, 25 miles NE of Bulawayo, Bubi district, Southern Rhodesia (= Zimbabwe)." }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513479", "collectionId": "51970", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus antiquus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus antiquus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14071", "collectionReferenceId": "31172", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "", "formation": "Magnesian Conglomerate", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Durdham Down, Quarry Steps", "collection_aka": "Redland, Derdham", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Late Triassic deposits infill Early Carboniferous (Dinantian) marine limestones", "geogcomments": "Durdham Down locality at Quarry Steps, off Belgrave Terrace, Clifton, Redland, Bristol. Grid reference ST 572747. Described in Buckland 1824 as \"by the turnpike-gate on Derdham Down\"" }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "558437", "collectionId": "57975", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus ? antiquus", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus antiquus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15587", "collectionReferenceId": "15587", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Avon", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tytherington Quarry, fissure 6b", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "OSGB ST 66188894" }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "587325", "collectionId": "46077", "identifiedName": "cf. Thecodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17881", "collectionReferenceId": "12290", "cc": "UK", "state": "Wales", "county": "Glamorgan", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ruthin Quarry", "collection_aka": "Cowbridge islands, SS 975 796", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Edwards & Evans (2006) argued for a late Carnian age based on biostratigraphy (similarity of procolophonids to those from Wolfville Fm of North America), whereas Whiteside & Marshall (2008) argued for a Rhaetian age based on the presence of Planocephalosaurus.", "geogcomments": "The U.K. National Grid Reference for the Ruthin Quarry is SS 975 796 (Fraser 1994) or SS 975795 (Simms & Drost 2024). Abundant fragmentary remains of vertebrate fossils occur within the red marly sandstone of a single cavity. Ruthin Quarry, St. Mary Hill, near Cowbridge" }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "712661", "collectionId": "46889", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus antiquus", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus antiquus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70247", "collectionReferenceId": "56028", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Avon", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tytherington Quarry, Fissure 2 (Bristol Channel)", "collection_aka": "ST 660 890, ST 660890", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Rhaetian age is based upon \"non-reworked\" palynomorphs and the lithology, both of which indicate age equivalence to the Late Westbury Formation (Lower Rhaetian), Penarth Group, of Whiteside (1983) and Whiteside and Marshall (1986). Tytherington fissure fills are not necessarily contemporaneous (Fraser 1994). ", "geogcomments": "Fissure 2 in Tytherington Quarry, Avon, United Kingdom. The lat/long is derived from U.K. National Grid Reference for the Tytherington Quarry (ST 660 890), 16 km N of Bristol." }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "749719", "collectionId": "80185", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32789", "collectionReferenceId": "32789", "cc": "ZW", "state": "Matabeleland North", "county": "Nyamandhlovu", "formation": "Forest Sandstone", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Karoo", "collection_name": "Farm Glen Curragh", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "not more than 20 ft below base of Karroo Basalts, in Upper Division of formation; \"The fossils were found on the surface of the ground on the top of, and around, a small spur\" (MacGregor 1929)", "geogcomments": "Glen Curragh farm, 16 mi SW of Nyamandhlovu station; \"the western sub-division of Nyogene (or Inyokene) farm, and the point on it where the fossils were found is approximately 16 miles in a direction 16 degrees south of west from Nyamandhlovu railway station. The neighborhood is...drained by the Chesa river, which joins the Gwai river about 6 miles to the west-north-west.\" (MacGregor 1929)" }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "945501", "collectionId": "109711", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36266", "collectionReferenceId": "36266", "cc": "FR", "state": "Bourgogne", "county": "Saône-et-Loire", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mercey, Cheilly, Dheune valley", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in a communal pasture above the hamlet of Mercey, Cheilly commune, on the left bank of the Dheune River" }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1106820", "collectionId": "137680", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus latespinatus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16920", "collectionReferenceId": "28567", "cc": "FR", "state": "Grand Est", "county": "Meurthe-et-Moselle", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Muschelkalk", "collection_name": "Blainville, Lunéville", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper Muschelkalk (Ladinian)", "geogcomments": "Blainville, near Lunéville, Lorraine" }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1106822", "collectionId": "137641", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus latespinatus", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16920", "collectionReferenceId": "43905", "cc": "DE", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Muschelkalk", "collection_name": "Laineck, near Bayreuth, Bavaria (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1119323", "collectionId": "137693", "identifiedName": "? Thecodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46182", "collectionReferenceId": "43905", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Somerset", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Holwell, near Frome, Somerset (BMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "the Rhaetic fissure", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1163999", "collectionId": "149712", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus minimus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus minimus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28154", "collectionReferenceId": "28154", "cc": "LS", "state": "Mafeteng", "county": "", "formation": "Elliot", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Stormberg", "collection_name": "Matsepe (zone B/1)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Matsepe, near Mafeteng; 40 km NW of Kubake and close to Likhoele" }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1239985", "collectionId": "120898", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53178", "collectionReferenceId": "29873", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Somerset", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Microlestes Quarry, Frome", "collection_aka": "Holwell", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Rhaetian fissure infill, \"Lower Rhaetic\"", "geogcomments": "Holwell Quarry, near Frome. Ordnance Survey Sheet 183, 1:50,000, National Grid Reference ST 727449. Also listed as \"south of the road at ST727450\"" }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1374080", "collectionId": "187582", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus latespinatus", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62966", "collectionReferenceId": "31892", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Muschelkalk", "collection_name": "Olmühle, Crailsheim", "collection_aka": "Oelmühle", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"upper bonebed of the main Muschelkalk\"", "geogcomments": "from Olmühle (\"oil mill\"), Crailsheim" }, { "genusId": "53022", "genus": "Thecodontosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2050190", "collectionId": "276935", "identifiedName": "Thecodontosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thecodontosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93900", "collectionReferenceId": "93900", "cc": "UK", "state": "England", "county": "Somerset", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Mercia Mudstone", "collection_name": "Ruishton", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "age described only as \"Keuper\" but mapped presently as Mercia Mudstone Group", "geogcomments": "from excavation for foundation of a house, Ruishton, near Tauton" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Thecodontosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "genus:53022" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "188978", "153775", "64391", "464563", "117152", "53022" ], "candidateIds": [ "53022" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "LS", "elliot" ], "label": "Elliot Formation · LS", "occurrenceId": "1163999", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Thecodontosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Arcusaurus", "Asylosaurus", "Efraasia", "Mbiresaurus", "Pantydraco" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Thecodontosaurus": [ "1163999" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "53022" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "104629", "name": "Theiophytalia", "displayName": "Theiophytalia", "attribution": "Brill and Carpenter 2007", "rawAttribution": "Brill and Carpenter 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104629", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Theiophytalia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "104629" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104629", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Theiophytalia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104629" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "104629", "genus": "Theiophytalia", "occurrenceId": "647848", "collectionId": "70025", "identifiedName": "Theiophytalia kerri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Theiophytalia kerri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24822", "collectionReferenceId": "15179", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "El Paso", "formation": "Purgatoire", "member": "Lytle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Garden of the Gods", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of member", "geogcomments": "Garden of the Gods Park, NW of Colorado Springs, along ridge extending S toward Colorado City (now Colorado Springs), about 550 m S of opening between Gateway Rocks" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Theiophytalia" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "genus:104629" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163549", "178208", "178206", "104629" ], "candidateIds": [ "163549", "178208", "178206", "104629" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38553", "name": "Therizinosaurus", "displayName": "Therizinosaurus", "attribution": "Maleev 1954", "rawAttribution": "Maleev 1954", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38553", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Therizinosauria", "Therizinosauroidea", "Therizinosauridae", "Therizinosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "57429", "67254", "64125", "38552", "38553" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant-dominated feeding is defensible for derived therizinosaurs, with transitions/animal supplementation qualified; apply equally when PBDB inherits only Coelurosauria.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38553", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Therizinosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38553" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38553", "genus": "Therizinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "809200", "collectionId": "88554", "identifiedName": "Therizinosaurus cheloniformis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Therizinosaurus cheloniformis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13917", "collectionReferenceId": "13917", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Therizinosaurus type, Nemegt (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"Nemegt Valley\" - Gradzinski et al. 1977 lists the species as coming from Altan Ula and northern Nemegt" }, { "genusId": "38553", "genus": "Therizinosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1333017", "collectionId": "179625", "identifiedName": "Therizinosaurus cheloniformis", "acceptedName": "Therizinosaurus cheloniformis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59136", "collectionReferenceId": "59136", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermin Tsav, Upper White Beds (PIN coll. 3142) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Khermeen Tsav, Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "From the Upper White Beds (Nemegt Formation)", "geogcomments": "Khermeen Tsav (no discrimination between sites I and II" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Therizinosauria", "Therizinosauroidea", "Therizinosauridae", "Therizinosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "therizinosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Therizinosauria is nested in Maniraptora under conventional working topology.", "references": [ { "id": "paralither2022", "title": "New therizinosaurid dinosaur from the marine Osoushinai Formation", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11063-5", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-022-11063-5", "year": 2022, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Erlikosaurus and Segnosaurus are therizinosaurids; several traditionally assigned forms are outside phylogenetic Therizinosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Therizinosauria", "clade:Therizinosauroidea", "clade:Therizinosauridae", "genus:38553" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "38553" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "nemegt" ], "label": "Nemegt Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1333017", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Therizinosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Enigmosaurus", "Erliansaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Nanshiungosaurus", "Neimongosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Segnosaurus", "Suzhousaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Therizinosaurus": [ "809200", "1333017" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38553" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38742", "name": "Thescelosaurus", "displayName": "Thescelosaurus", "attribution": "Gilmore 1913", "rawAttribution": "Gilmore 1913", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38742", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Thescelosaurinae", "Thescelosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "64386", "52813", "38742" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38742", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Thescelosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38742" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "287918", "collectionId": "14557", "identifiedName": "cf. Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "774", "collectionReferenceId": "774", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Greasewood Creek", "collection_aka": "SDSM V-685", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from \"a blowout\"" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "291022", "collectionId": "14640", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "717", "collectionReferenceId": "717", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Weld", "formation": "Laramie", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ken's Site", "collection_aka": "UCM Loc. 77062; DMNH loc. 3426; UWBM loc. C1099", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "apparently near Crow Creek in \"central Weld County\"\r\nthe site \"spans an area of about 100m2\" (Wilson et al. 2010)" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457805", "collectionId": "45098", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V91007, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -80.16, K-T section 9906, ", "geogcomments": "approx. NW 1/4, sec. 32, R106W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457812", "collectionId": "45099", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V89004, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -81.68, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "approx. NW 1/4, sec. 32, R106W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457837", "collectionId": "14610", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "1984", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "PTRM V92067", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -36.18, K-T seection 9317", "geogcomments": "Little Missouri Badlands" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457860", "collectionId": "45102", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V89003", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -89.40, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "approx. at center of S edge of sec. 24, R105W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457985", "collectionId": "45128", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V92002", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -40.00, K-T seection 9735", "geogcomments": "T134N,R106W,sec24 , approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "458112", "collectionId": "45136", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V86003, Pretty Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -35.05, K-T section 9735", "geogcomments": "T134N,R106W,sec35, approx. SW 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "458260", "collectionId": "45144", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V86002, East Marmarth", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -29.18, K-T section 86148", "geogcomments": "T133N,R105W,sec17, approx. S center" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "459346", "collectionId": "45240", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus cf. neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 105", "collection_aka": "Dave's II, Bonebed 105, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "459530", "collectionId": "45261", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus cf. neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 97", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 97, DPP, JMC 1044", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "459557", "collectionId": "45262", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus cf. neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sid's Site, RTMP BB 51", "collection_aka": "DPP, Bonebed 51", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meters above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\"", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "459586", "collectionId": "45264", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus cf. neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 86", "collection_aka": "DPP, Bonebed 86, TMP loc. L0086", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\"", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "460505", "collectionId": "45390", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "PTRM V92025, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -73.00, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "2 miles south of Doaks Butte, ND" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463048", "collectionId": "45675", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12049", "collectionReferenceId": "12049", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wood Mountain, Rocky Creek", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 13, Morgan Creek, Grasslands National Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from \"various levels\" in the \"Lance\"\r\n\r\nFrenchman Fm. was originally included within the overlying Ravenscrag Fm., but the two are now separate. Frenchman Fm. is Maastrichtian and Ravenscrag is Danian (see Eberth et al. 2019)\r\n", "geogcomments": "Wood Mountain, near Rocky Creek (= Morgan Creek), now Grasslands National Park, southern Saskatchewan; Sec 15, T1, R5, W of 3rd meridian" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "463400", "collectionId": "45758", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12117", "collectionReferenceId": "12117", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "7 miles northwest of Rumsey (250 ft level)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Secs 4-5, T32, R21, W of 4th meridian, 260 feet above river; 7 miles NW of Rumsey, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "464144", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12202", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "464434", "collectionId": "14566", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12202", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mammal Quarry No. 2 (UCMP V-5815)", "collection_aka": "Lance Quarry 2, Hatcher No. 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on W side of an erosional remnant near center of large blowout on crest of ridge, 150 yds N of road (from which point the Johnson Ranch is 0.4 mi. away). 200 yds N80°E of benchmark Q-100." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "465657", "collectionId": "14569", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "47906", "collectionReferenceId": "12299", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Henry Farm", "collection_aka": "Henry's Farm", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "collection from about 10 m of section\r\n\r\nEberth and Kamo, 2019: Combined with age data for the K-Pg boundary and a calibrated age-range for magnetochron 30n, our age for the Battle bentonite allows us to assess a maximum age of ~66.88 Ma for the base of the overlying Scollard Formation, and an age range of ~66.88–66.04 Ma for the K-ScF (the Cretaceous portion of the Scollard Formation).", "geogcomments": "3 km W of Content Bridge, SW of Nevis, Red Deer River Valley; LSD 8, Sec 5, T39, R22, W 4th meridian, land formerly belonging to Arnold Henry." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "479486", "collectionId": "47794", "identifiedName": "cf. Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "New Campsite Locality, RTMP BB 100", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 100, RTMP L0406", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "479513", "collectionId": "47795", "identifiedName": "cf. Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Ankylosaur-rich Site, RTMP BB 103", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, Bonebed 103, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "479626", "collectionId": "47809", "identifiedName": "cf. Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Chris's Site, RTMP BB 107", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 107", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "479744", "collectionId": "47816", "identifiedName": "cf. Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15455", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 31, DPP", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 31", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "485982", "collectionId": "48622", "identifiedName": "? Thescelosaurus garbanii n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus garbanii", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14862", "collectionReferenceId": "14862", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LACM V3152", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE 1/2, NW 1/4, sec 22, T21N, R42E (listed as R42N in text), Garfield Co., MT" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486009", "collectionId": "48626", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13458", "collectionReferenceId": "13458", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Thescelosaurus type, Dogie Creek", "collection_aka": "Doegie Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486010", "collectionId": "48627", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus edmontonensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus edmontonensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18598", "collectionReferenceId": "18598", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "8 miles northwest of Rumsey (260 ft level) [NMC]", "collection_aka": "Thescelosaurus edmontonensis type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 35, T33, R22, W 4th meridian; about 8 mi NW of Rumsey, 260 ft above Red Deer River" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486011", "collectionId": "48628", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus assiniboiensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus assiniboiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73431", "collectionReferenceId": "12974", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "North side of the Frenchman River Valley (SMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "LSD 7, sec 2, T5, R19, W 3rd meridian; Map reference 72F8, Valley of Frenchman River, Saskatchewan. \r\n\r\nSpecimen RSM P 1225.1 was discovered on 19 June 1968 and collected by Albert E. Swanston of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum (then the Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History) on 17 July 1968. The original location, stated as ‘northwest of Clarks Ranch, from NW 1/4 Sec 35, T 4, R 19, west of the 3rd Meridian, Frenchman River Valley, Saskatchewan’, is incorrect. Tim Tokaryk (RSM) relocated the original site in the late 1980s (with the relocation being confirmed by the matching of a rib fragment collected at the site with a rib of the specimen, and residual plaster persisting at the site; T.T. Tokaryk, pers. comm., 2007). Located in LSD 11, Sec 2, T 5, R 19, west of the 3rd Meridian in south-western Saskatchewan (Fig. 3). The quarry is located on the north side of the Frenchman River Valley on the north-west facing side of a butte extending from the valley wall. Exact locality information is available from the RSM upon request." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "486012", "collectionId": "48629", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12623", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Valley", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "18 miles east of Lismas (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "30 km/18 mi E of Lismas, MT" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487847", "collectionId": "14519", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12202", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bushy Tailed Blowout", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5711 (BTB locality)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487922", "collectionId": "14535", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Engdahl Anthills 3", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73077", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488091", "collectionId": "14549", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Flat Creek 5", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73087; UWBM C1614; UCMP V73087", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488245", "collectionId": "14574", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jordan Coulee", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73093", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488338", "collectionId": "14582", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Lead Slug Hill 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72208", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488368", "collectionId": "14654", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Windy Hill", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72207", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488586", "collectionId": "14639", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Trumbo's Anthill", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72213", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "496309", "collectionId": "50084", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12059", "collectionReferenceId": "12059", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Deer Ears", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "496310", "collectionId": "50085", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13458", "collectionReferenceId": "13458", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek near Dogie Creek", "collection_aka": "Doegie Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek (near Doegie Creek)" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "513671", "collectionId": "52052", "identifiedName": "? Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13834", "collectionReferenceId": "13834", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "BUNM 77-25", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE1/4NE1/4SE1/4 sec.31, T24N, R13W, approximately 0.8 k south of the Bitsi Trading Post site" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "529357", "collectionId": "54080", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12623", "collectionReferenceId": "54103", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sand Arroyo", "collection_aka": "AMNH 5034", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "5 ft below base of Fort Union Fm.", "geogcomments": "Sandy/Sand Arroyo, 20 mi SE of Lismas" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "529358", "collectionId": "54081", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12623", "collectionReferenceId": "54103", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "near head of Rock Creek", "collection_aka": "AMNH 5031", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "80 ft below Fort Union Fm.", "geogcomments": "near head of Rock Creek, 25 mi SE of Lismas" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534987", "collectionId": "48622", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31494", "collectionReferenceId": "14862", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LACM V3152", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE 1/2, NW 1/4, sec 22, T21N, R42E (listed as R42N in text), Garfield Co., MT" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "690125", "collectionId": "74175", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24895", "collectionReferenceId": "54013", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ruby Site, Haystack Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Haystack Butte, NE Butte County" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "692636", "collectionId": "14674", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2333", "collectionReferenceId": "2333", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chris's Bonebed (CBB)", "collection_aka": "MPM 2256", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "approx 35 m below base of \"Z coal\", high in Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of sec 10, T24N, R43E; along Ft. Peck Reservoir, S of Ft. Peck" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "790070", "collectionId": "85499", "identifiedName": "cf. Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28887", "collectionReferenceId": "28887", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UCMP V99370, Just Past Celeste's Microsite", "collection_aka": "JPC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "near Fort Peck Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123587", "collectionId": "142326", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheep Mountain (CM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Sheep Mtn., Carter Co." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1335138", "collectionId": "179991", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14538", "collectionReferenceId": "14538", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Richland", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USGS Sec. 28, T. 27 N., R. 49 E. (Richland County)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "United States Geological Survey Sec. 28, T. 27 N., R. 49 E., Richland County, Montana." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1380746", "collectionId": "189003", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63480", "collectionReferenceId": "63480", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ninja Turtle locality", "collection_aka": "Ekalaka", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ninja Turtle locality is located in T1N, R55E near the town of Ekalaka, Carter County, southeastern Montana" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1409262", "collectionId": "14537", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry, SDSM loc. V637", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1409292", "collectionId": "192251", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry anthills", "collection_aka": "SDSM V638, V639, V640, V644, V645, V646", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs, ca. 100 ft. downslope of Eureka Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1412063", "collectionId": "141583", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66240", "collectionReferenceId": "46025", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Big Turtle Cove locality", "collection_aka": "DMNH 6303", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "Hell Creek Formation, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian); locality at base of formation, 68-70m below contact with overlying Fort Union Formation (Rollot et al. 2018)", "geogcomments": "\"Big Turtle Cove locality, Slope County, North Dakota\", no further data given" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1571264", "collectionId": "221943", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77899", "collectionReferenceId": "77899", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "\"Willow\" site, Harding County (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "NCSM Thescelosaurus", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper half of formation", "geogcomments": "described only as from \"Harding County, northwestern South Dakota, USA\"" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1588499", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus neglectus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1588548", "collectionId": "224491", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "80625", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "DEW-22 Ornithomimid", "collection_aka": "Deer's Ears West", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the \"Big Sandy Zone\"", "geogcomments": "on W side of Deer's Ears Butte, includes DEW-22N and DEW-22S" }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1626814", "collectionId": "26760", "identifiedName": "Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84885", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Grave bonebed, Hanson Ranch", "collection_aka": "Edmontosaurus bonebed, Dragons' Grave, Roxson, HR", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY. Includes five quarries from the same bonebed: North (N), South (S), Southeast (SE), West (W), and Teague (T) plus three exploratory quarries to determine extent: Toe, Neufeld (Neu), and DKC." }, { "genusId": "38742", "genus": "Thescelosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1630020", "collectionId": "14415", "identifiedName": "cf. Thescelosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Thescelosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85384", "collectionReferenceId": "1412", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Straight Cliffs", "member": "Smoky Hollow", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Smoky Hollow Member (OMNH V4)", "collection_aka": "MNA 1003-1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Turonian", "geogcomments": "Kaiparowits Plateau, near Henrieville" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Thescelosauridae", "Thescelosaurinae", "Thescelosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Thescelosauridae", "clade:Thescelosaurinae", "genus:38742" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494305", "38739", "38742" ], "candidateIds": [ "494305", "38739", "38742" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "488755", "name": "Thyreosaurus", "displayName": "Thyreosaurus", "attribution": "Zafaty et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Zafaty et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=488755", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Neostegosauria", "Dacentrurinae", "Thyreosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "38803", "519743", "81342", "488755" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=488755", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Thyreosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=488755" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "488755", "genus": "Thyreosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1651473", "collectionId": "234450", "identifiedName": "Thyreosaurus atlasicus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Thyreosaurus atlasicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "88149", "collectionReferenceId": "94120", "cc": "MA", "state": "Fès-Meknes", "county": "Boulemane", "formation": "El Mers III", "member": "", "geological_group": "El Mers", "collection_name": "Boulahfa North (BN-HIIUC)", "collection_aka": "Thyreosaurus atlasicus type", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lowermost fossil-bearing bed in stratigraphic section of site", "geogcomments": "The fossil site HIIUC-BN was discovered in rocks of the El Mers III Formation in the northern Boulahfa locality, near Boulemane, Middle Atlas of Morocco (GPS coordinates: 33.320520N; 4.712273W)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Neostegosauria", "Dacentrurinae", "Thyreosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Stegosauridae", "clade:Neostegosauria", "clade:Dacentrurinae", "genus:488755" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "422686", "38811", "488755" ], "candidateIds": [ "422686", "38811", "488755" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "491178", "name": "Tiamat", "displayName": "Tiamat", "attribution": "Pereira et al. 2024", "rawAttribution": "Pereira et al. 2024", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=491178", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Tiamat" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "491178" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "143495", "name": "Tianyulong", "displayName": "Tianyulong", "attribution": "Zheng et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Zheng et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=143495", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Heterodontosauridae", "Tianyulong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "38722", "143495" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=143495", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tianyulong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=143495" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "143495", "genus": "Tianyulong", "occurrenceId": "911297", "collectionId": "92421", "identifiedName": "Tianyulong confuciusi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tianyulong confuciusi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29485", "collectionReferenceId": "31153", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Jianchang", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Daxishan, Linglongta", "collection_aka": "Wukongopterus, Darwinopterus type locality, Linglengta", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Wang et al. (2009) referred to this locality as from the Daohugou Formation (?Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous), while Lü et al. (2009) suggested that it is the Tiaojishan Formation (Middle Jurassic). \r\n\r\n\"The Tiaojishan Formation is generally regarded as Middle (Zhang & Zheng 1991; Liu et al. 2006; Cheng & Li 2007) to Upper Jurassic (Chang et al. 2009) (Late Bathonian-Early Kimmeridgian) in age, although it may date to the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) in Jianchang County (Davis et al. 2001). The unit has been dated using radiometric techniques at 169-152 Mya by Liu et al. (2006) and 165-156 Mya by Zhang et al. (2008).\" (Lü et al. 2010: supplement)", "geogcomments": "Daxishan fossil site, Longlongta town, Jianchang county; section extends from 40° 51' 45\" N, 119° 59' 59\" E (240 m asl) to 40° 52' 20\" N, 119° 59' 03\" E (309m asl)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Heterodontosauridae", "Tianyulong" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "path-audit-heterodontosauridae-ancestry", "rationale": "Apply the same published early ornithischian grade to core descendants and Eocursor; do not mix incompatible parents.", "references": [ { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=152529", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tianyuraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=152529" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "152529", "genus": "Tianyuraptor", "occurrenceId": "824852", "collectionId": "13937", "identifiedName": "Tianyuraptor ostromi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tianyuraptor ostromi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30568", "collectionReferenceId": "6171", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Lingyuan", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Dawangzhangzi", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Dawangzhangzi", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "thought to be Barremian by Li and Luo 2006 based on Yixian Formation radioisotopic dates. 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Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=348490", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Timurlengia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=348490" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "348490", "genus": "Timurlengia", "occurrenceId": "1429045", "collectionId": "93204", "identifiedName": "Timurlengia euotica n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Timurlengia euotica", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61198", "collectionReferenceId": "31496", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dzharakuduk (general)", "collection_aka": "Amtosaurus archibaldi holotype", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "'Lower part of Taikarshin Beds' of Nessov (1988)", "geogcomments": "Dzhyrakuduk (Dzharakuduk), near Bukhara, central Kyzylkum Desert, 50 km W of Bukantau. 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"collectionReferenceId": "29242", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Laramie", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Leyden Gulch (DMNH Loc. 1282)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 9", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38861", "genus": "Torosaurus", "occurrenceId": "520726", "collectionId": "53128", "identifiedName": "Torosaurus latus", "acceptedName": "Torosaurus latus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14362", "collectionReferenceId": "14362", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jump Off (ANSP)", "collection_aka": "Camp Crook, Jumpoff", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "108 ft below contact with Fort Union Fm.", "geogcomments": "10 mi E of Camp Crook, area known as the \"Jump Off\"" }, { "genusId": "38861", "genus": "Torosaurus", "occurrenceId": "641961", "collectionId": "69211", "identifiedName": "Torosaurus cf. utahensis", "acceptedName": "Torosaurus utahensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28672", "collectionReferenceId": "19952", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tornillo", "collection_name": "TMM 41480, Tornillo Flat, Big Bend NP", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower third of the Tornillo Group\"", "geogcomments": "Tornillo Flat, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "38861", "genus": "Torosaurus", "occurrenceId": "788610", "collectionId": "85188", "identifiedName": "Torosaurus cf. utahensis", "acceptedName": "Torosaurus utahensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28672", "collectionReferenceId": "85562", "cc": "US", "state": "Texas", "county": "Brewster", "formation": "Javelina", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tornillo", "collection_name": "TMM 41361, Tornillo Flat, Big Bend NP", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lower third of the Tornillo Group\"", "geogcomments": "western Tornillo Flat, Big Bend National Park" }, { "genusId": "38861", "genus": "Torosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1182428", "collectionId": "152402", "identifiedName": "Torosaurus cf. latus", "acceptedName": "Torosaurus latus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84395", "collectionReferenceId": "49058", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "EM P16, Frenchman River Valley", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Frenchman River Valley, on the land of Charles Morey in NW1/4 Sec. 27, Twp. 4, R. 19, W3" }, { "genusId": "38861", "genus": "Torosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1588495", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Torosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "38861", "genus": "Torosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1606648", "collectionId": "227186", "identifiedName": "Torosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82649", "collectionReferenceId": "82649", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-3335 [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "UNM V-066, TL 78-001", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38861", "genus": "Torosaurus", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-25", "formation": "Hell Creek" }, { "genusId": "38861", "genus": "Torosaurus", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-26", "formation": "Lance" }, { "genusId": "38861", "genus": "Torosaurus", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-27", "formation": "Hell Creek" }, { "genusId": "38861", "genus": "Torosaurus", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-28", "formation": "Lance" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Retain distinctPBDBgenus,Canada Frenchman/Scollardpositives, andHellCreek/Lanceoverlap withTriceratops.; Ontogeneticsynonymyhypothesis doesnot removelocalityoverlap.; Do notexcludeCanadianpositivebecauseolderreviewcouldnotlocateit.", "references": [ { "title": "Mallon et al. (2022), The record of Torosaurus in Canada and its taxonomic implications", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab120", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/157/6540273", "access": "Primary publisher indexed passages and author abstract; positive Canadian referrals, subadult specimens and distinctgenus interpretation" } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Triceratopsini", "Torosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Chasmosaurinae", "clade:Triceratopsini", "genus:38861" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "candidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38587", "name": "Torvosaurus", "displayName": "Torvosaurus", "attribution": "Galton and Jensen 1979", "rawAttribution": "Galton and Jensen 1979", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38587", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Megalosauridae", "Megalosaurinae", "Torvosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "57247", "38574", "67925", "38587" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38587", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Africa", "Americas", "Asia", "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Torvosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38587" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "465143", "collectionId": "45975", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus tanneri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus tanneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12264", "collectionReferenceId": "65448", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Montrose", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU]", "collection_aka": "CO-58, DMDQ, DMQ; Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of Morrison, near base of member; 30-45 m below base of overlying Cedar Mountain Fm.\r\nThe base of the quarry is about 1 metre above the \"clay change\". \"Sediments near the clay change were dated at 150.3 +/- 0.26 Ma based on Ar40/Ar39 data from plagioclase crystals. Therefore the quarry must be younger than that, close to 150.2 +/- 0.5 Ma. More recent U-Pb dates from this part of the Morrison resulted in 151.2 +/- 1.2 Ma\" (Smith et al. 2010. JVP 30:1466). These radiometric dates bracket the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, and so a late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian age is entered. \r\n ", "geogcomments": "E 1/2, NW corner, Sec 23, T50N, R14W, Montrose Co., Colorado; also listed as \"Mesa County, 35 miles west of Delta, Colorado\" (ref 12262). Quarry on E rim of canyon of the E fork of Escalante Creek, on W slope of Dry Mesa, in the SE corner of Mesa Co." }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475227", "collectionId": "47154", "identifiedName": "? Megalosaurus ingens n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12561", "collectionReferenceId": "51607", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru Quarry B", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "approximately 900 m southeast of Tendaguru Hill and 250 m SE of quarry A" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "475233", "collectionId": "47156", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus ? ingens", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12560", "collectionReferenceId": "53424", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Upper Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tendaguru quarry Z", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "formerly Upper Saurian Bed", "geogcomments": "just below the summit of Tendaguru Hill" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "482007", "collectionId": "48171", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus tanneri", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus tanneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49550", "collectionReferenceId": "12893", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Fremont", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Salt Wash", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Meyer Site 2, Garden Park", "collection_aka": "CO-73", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Garden Park, N of Cañon City, Fremont Co., CO." }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "489385", "collectionId": "49265", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus ? gurneyi", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus gurneyi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50323", "collectionReferenceId": "13157", "cc": "PT", "state": "Estremadura", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Casal do Bicho", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "also assigned to the \"Grès Superiores\"", "geogcomments": "Casal do Bicho, on the border of Caldas da Rainha and Alcobaça municipalities" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491435", "collectionId": "49627", "identifiedName": "Edmarka rex n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus tanneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13292", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nail Quarry, Como Bluff", "collection_aka": "WY-39, WDIS Quarry 2b", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Talking Rocks Member\" near middle of formation; located just above caliche boundary in Unit B.", "geogcomments": "a few km E of Louise Quarry, near Como Bluff; T. 22 N ., R. 77 W ., Sec. 1" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491436", "collectionId": "49628", "identifiedName": "Edmarka rex", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus tanneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13292", "collectionReferenceId": "13292", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Albany", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Talking Rocks", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Louise Quarry", "collection_aka": "WY-22", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near center of the upper N face of Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534512", "collectionId": "55297", "identifiedName": "cf. Torvosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41617", "collectionReferenceId": "14789", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shanxi", "county": "", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Xinrong, Datong", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Xinrong District, Datong Surburb, Shanxi Province" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "540447", "collectionId": "21852", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus tanneri", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus tanneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49550", "collectionReferenceId": "53207", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Uintah", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "Brushy Basin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 670, Carnegie Quarry, Douglass Quarry, UT-18, DNM, Dinosaur Peak, Jensen Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; lower part of formation?\r\n\r\n", "geogcomments": "The \"Carnegie Quarry\" (quarry exhibit wall), E of Vernal, now the main visitor center in Dinosaur National Monument. A sandstone hogback in sec. 26, T4S, R23E, Salt Lake meridian." }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "591706", "collectionId": "62561", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18062", "collectionReferenceId": "18060", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Big Horn", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Red Canyon Ranch Quarry", "collection_aka": "Hope College REU, Dinosaur Safari Inc., Simon Quarry", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper Morrison", "geogcomments": "Red Canyon Ranch, near Shell" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "639806", "collectionId": "68904", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus gurneyi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus gurneyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50323", "collectionReferenceId": "19890", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Leiria", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Praia da Vermelha", "collection_aka": "Peniche", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Praia da Vermelha, Peniche" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "639807", "collectionId": "68905", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus ? gurneyi", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus gurneyi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50323", "collectionReferenceId": "19890", "cc": "PT", "state": "Lisboa", "county": "", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cadaval, Quinta do Gradil", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Cadaval, Quinta do Gradil" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "778895", "collectionId": "83735", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73599", "collectionReferenceId": "18838", "cc": "UY", "state": "Tacuarembó", "county": "", "formation": "Tacuarembó", "member": "Batoví", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Los Rosanos, Valle Edén", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"base of Batoví member\" (Soto and Perea 2010)", "geogcomments": "Los Rosanos, near Valle Edén; \"near Km 215 on National Road No. 26...close to the town of Los Rosanos, about 17 km southwest of the city of Tacuarembó\" (from Soto and Perea 2010)" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1033193", "collectionId": "126540", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41030", "collectionReferenceId": "41030", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Washakie", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dana Quarry", "collection_aka": "DQ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, 6-9 m above contact w/underlying Sundance Fm.", "geogcomments": "Dana Quarry, near Ten Sleep; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec 6, T48N, R89W (title incorrectly states Big Horn Co.)" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1189694", "collectionId": "57894", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus tanneri", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus tanneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49550", "collectionReferenceId": "78581", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Freezeout Hills Quarry 6 (FMNH)", "collection_aka": "Carnegie Quarry M, University of Kansas Loc. 17", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper third of formation", "geogcomments": "Sheep Creek drainage, Freezeout Hills (Mtns.)" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1193254", "collectionId": "154212", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus ? gurneyi", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus gurneyi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50323", "collectionReferenceId": "49990", "cc": "PT", "state": "Lourinha", "county": "", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "cliffs north of Praia da Area Branca", "collection_aka": "Areia Branca", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "cliffs of Praia da Area Branca North (= Praia da Areia Branca)" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1196185", "collectionId": "49230", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus ? gurneyi", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus gurneyi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50323", "collectionReferenceId": "13143", "cc": "PT", "state": "Lisboa", "county": "", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Porto das Barcas", "collection_aka": "Porto de Barcas", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. Sobral Mb.", "geogcomments": "near Porto das Barcas" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1196186", "collectionId": "154726", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus gurneyi", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus gurneyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50323", "collectionReferenceId": "50326", "cc": "PT", "state": "Lisboa", "county": "Torres Vedras", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "northern Praia da Corva", "collection_aka": "Torres Vedras", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as Alcobaça Formation, Lourinhã Group, upper part of Amoreira-Porto Novo Member", "geogcomments": "N edge of Praia da Corva, near Torres Vedras, W coast of central Portugal. Praia de Areia Branca syncline, Bombarral-Alcobaça subbasin, Lusitanian basin" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1196355", "collectionId": "154743", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50323", "collectionReferenceId": "50329", "cc": "PT", "state": "Estremadura", "county": "Lisboa", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Porto Dinheiro cliff tracksite", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "interface between Lourinhã and Sobral fms. = interface between Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo and Praia Azul Mbrs. (track bed in lower member at top).", "geogcomments": "cliff section ca. 500 m N of beach at Porto Dinheiro" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1248849", "collectionId": "39370", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus tanneri", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus tanneri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53863", "collectionReferenceId": "7814", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Morrison", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry 12, Como Bluff (YPM)", "collection_aka": "Robber's Roost, WY-29, Robber's Gulch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper middle part of formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 of sec. 18, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1360632", "collectionId": "49230", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62029", "collectionReferenceId": "13143", "cc": "PT", "state": "Lisboa", "county": "", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Porto das Barcas", "collection_aka": "Porto de Barcas", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. Sobral Mb.", "geogcomments": "near Porto das Barcas" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1477217", "collectionId": "183141", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73837", "collectionReferenceId": "82714", "cc": "DE", "state": "Nordrhein-Westfalen", "county": "", "formation": "Ornatenton", "member": "Upper Siltstone Series", "geological_group": "Braunjura", "collection_name": "Pott Quarry, Lutternsche Egge", "collection_aka": "Minden, Wiehengebirge", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the disused Pott quarry, at Lutternsche Egge, a few kilometres west of Bergkirchen, within the city limits of Minden" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1523373", "collectionId": "83729", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73599", "collectionReferenceId": "28075", "cc": "UY", "state": "Tacuarembó", "county": "", "formation": "Tacuarembó", "member": "Batoví", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Martinote", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "base of lower member, from a 3-6 cm thick layer; \"base of Batoví Member (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)\" (Soto and Perea 2010)", "geogcomments": "near town of Martinote, 10 km E of Batoví Hills. Coordinates given as 35° 41' S, 62° 11' W, but this is incorrect according to included map and coordinates of Martinote - must be closer to those given here.; \"near Km 85 on National Road No. 59...close to the town of Martinote and about 16 km southeast of the city of Tacuarembó\" (from Soto and Perea 2010)" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1523375", "collectionId": "213192", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73599", "collectionReferenceId": "79969", "cc": "UY", "state": "Tacuarembó", "county": "", "formation": "Tacuarembó", "member": "Batoví", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bidegain Quarry", "collection_aka": "Cantera Bidegain", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bidegain Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1523574", "collectionId": "149725", "identifiedName": "cf. Torvosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73619", "collectionReferenceId": "33897", "cc": "DE", "state": "Niedersachsen", "county": "", "formation": "\"Korallenoolith\"", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Marienhagen, Hils", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Marienhagen, near Hils" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1523592", "collectionId": "51859", "identifiedName": "cf. Torvosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73619", "collectionReferenceId": "33897", "cc": "DE", "state": "Niedersachsen", "county": "", "formation": "Süntel", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rohstoffbetriebe Oker quarry, bed 83, Langenberg", "collection_aka": "bed 93", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "absolute age given as about 154 my = middle Kimmeridgian\r\ngiven as bed 93 in error in Sander et al. 2006", "geogcomments": "quarry owned by Rohstoffbetriebe Oker GmbH & Co., about 80 km SE of Hannover, at town of Oker, E slope of the Harz Mountains along its N edge; S part of Lower Saxony Basin, W part of the Langenberg" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1524585", "collectionId": "213406", "identifiedName": "Megalosaurus ingens", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "70690", "collectionReferenceId": "12560", "cc": "TZ", "state": "Lindi", "county": "", "formation": "Tendaguru", "member": "Middle Dinosaur", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mahimbwi-valley at Tendaguru", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38587", "genus": "Torvosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1587043", "collectionId": "49304", "identifiedName": "Torvosaurus gurneyi", "acceptedName": "Torvosaurus gurneyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79459", "collectionReferenceId": "81942", "cc": "PT", "state": "Centro", "county": "Lisboa", "formation": "Lourinhã", "member": "Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Praia de Porto Dinheiro cliff (top)", "collection_aka": "Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "= \"Formação de Lourinha\"; close to boundary with Sobral Fm.\r\n\r\nMateus et al. 2017: includes ostracods pointing to a late Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian age in its middle part (Werner, 1986) and the dinocyst Cribroperidinium granuligerum (Klement) “complex” indicating a mid Kimmeridgian to late Tithonian age for the lower part (Taylor et al., 2013).", "geogcomments": "near top of coastal cliff along Praia de Porto Dinheiro, Bacia Lusitânica; top of cliff north of the port" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Megalosauroidea", "Megalosauridae", "Megalosaurinae", "Torvosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Megalosauroidea", "clade:Megalosauridae", "clade:Megalosaurinae", "genus:38587" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "136689", "38583", "38587", "348314" ], "candidateIds": [ "136689", "38583", "38587", "348314" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "347159", "name": "Tototlmimus", "displayName": "Tototlmimus", "attribution": "Serrano-Brañas et al. 2016", "rawAttribution": "Serrano-Brañas et al. 2016", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=347159", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Ornithomimosauria", "Ornithomimidae", "Tototlmimus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "55491", "38539", "347159" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad plant-based or mixed compatibility is defensible for derived forms; Deinocheirus has direct fish evidence. 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Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G8", "title": "Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1038/nature13874", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13874", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "author-institution abstract and publisher summary read", "dietSupport": "Plant-feeding cranial morphology plus fish gut remains support omnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view2", "turn591search13" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "450832", "name": "Tralkasaurus", "displayName": "Tralkasaurus", "attribution": "Cerroni et al. 2020", "rawAttribution": "Cerroni et al. 2020", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=450832", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Tralkasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "450832" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=450832", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tralkasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=450832" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "450832", "genus": "Tralkasaurus", "occurrenceId": "1587076", "collectionId": "180530", "identifiedName": "Tralkasaurus cuyi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tralkasaurus cuyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "79633", "collectionReferenceId": "59904", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Huincul", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Violante farm", "collection_aka": "Violante’s farm, Pueblo Blanco Natural Reserve", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Violante farm, SE of Ezequiel Ramos-Mexia lake, NW Río Negro province - specimens from an area at least 800 m in extent: specimen MPCA-Pv 803 was found at 39° 24′ 10.17′′ S, 68° 36′ 53.37′′ W, that is, 800 m far from the site where the holotype (MPCA PV 802) was recovered (39° 23′ 45.24′′ S, 68° 36′ 40.80′′ W)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Tralkasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauridae", "genus:450832" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "candidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "471619", "name": "Transylvanosaurus", "displayName": "Transylvanosaurus", "attribution": "Augustin et al. 2022", "rawAttribution": "Augustin et al. 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=471619", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Rhabdodontomorpha", "Transylvanosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "344230", "471619" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38862", "name": "Triceratops", "displayName": "Triceratops", "attribution": "Marsh 1889", "rawAttribution": "Marsh 1889", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38862", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Triceratopsini", "Triceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "52773", "179221", "38862" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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PreserveknownsharedformationwithTorosaurus; noartificialexclusiveHellCreek clue.", "references": [ { "title": "Mallon et al. (2022), The record of Torosaurus in Canada and its taxonomic implications", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab120", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/157/6540273", "access": "Primary publisher indexed passages and author abstract; positive Canadian referrals, subadult specimens and distinctgenus interpretation" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "256118", "collectionId": "24851", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6967", "collectionReferenceId": "6967", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Pretty Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Pretty Butte, Cannonball Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "bed is 12 m below lignite marking base of Ludlow Formation (and therefore top of Hell Creek).", "geogcomments": "0.6 km north of Cannonball Creek on land leased by Lyle Tennant from the US Forest Service. 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C1099", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "apparently near Crow Creek in \"central Weld County\"\r\nthe site \"spans an area of about 100m2\" (Wilson et al. 2010)" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "401752", "collectionId": "38544", "identifiedName": "? Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10351", "collectionReferenceId": "10351", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LACM 7245, Engdahl Ranch", "collection_aka": "Jordan theropod", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 34, T21N, R36E, Engdahl Ranch (not F. S. McKeever Ranch, as reported in Molnar 1978) Garfield Co., MT" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "457968", "collectionId": "45123", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "59363", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "NDGS96-23.1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -85.00, K-T section 86148", "geogcomments": "T133N,R106W,sec27, approx. center\r\nN of Marmarth in Little Missouri National Grasslands" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "463049", "collectionId": "45675", "identifiedName": "Triceratops ? prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12049", "collectionReferenceId": "12049", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wood Mountain, Rocky Creek", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 13, Morgan Creek, Grasslands National Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from \"various levels\" in the \"Lance\"\r\n\r\nFrenchman Fm. was originally included within the overlying Ravenscrag Fm., but the two are now separate. Frenchman Fm. is Maastrichtian and Ravenscrag is Danian (see Eberth et al. 2019)\r\n", "geogcomments": "Wood Mountain, near Rocky Creek (= Morgan Creek), now Grasslands National Park, southern Saskatchewan; Sec 15, T1, R5, W of 3rd meridian" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "463050", "collectionId": "45675", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12049", "collectionReferenceId": "12049", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wood Mountain, Rocky Creek", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 13, Morgan Creek, Grasslands National Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from \"various levels\" in the \"Lance\"\r\n\r\nFrenchman Fm. was originally included within the overlying Ravenscrag Fm., but the two are now separate. Frenchman Fm. is Maastrichtian and Ravenscrag is Danian (see Eberth et al. 2019)\r\n", "geogcomments": "Wood Mountain, near Rocky Creek (= Morgan Creek), now Grasslands National Park, southern Saskatchewan; Sec 15, T1, R5, W of 3rd meridian" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "464343", "collectionId": "13142", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4381", "collectionReferenceId": "4377", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone County", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bug Creek Anthills", "collection_aka": "Bug Creek, BCA, OMNH V1173", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "upper 1/3 of formation, 80 ft below coal bed", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4 and SW 1/4, Sec. 9, T 22 N, R 43 E. Near Fort Peck Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "465691", "collectionId": "46119", "identifiedName": "Ceratops horridus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10620", "collectionReferenceId": "10620", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Buck Creek pens, Johnson Brothers Ranch", "collection_aka": "Triceratops type site, Lance Creek, Guernsey, Three-Nine, Hatcher Sk. 1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Laramie\"", "geogcomments": "on S side and about 5 feet above bottom of canyon entering Buck Creek from W, about 100 yds above springs (Hatchers Springs), on Johnson Brothers' sheep ranch (owned by Charles A. Guernsey, and also called the Three-Nine cattle ranch), ca. 35 mi. N of Lusk, Converse County (now Niobrara), WY. Locality listed as \"Section 2, T. 36 N., R. 64 W.\" in ref 55599." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "465710", "collectionId": "46126", "identifiedName": "Triceratops serratus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12304", "collectionReferenceId": "12304", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Middle Fork, Dry Creek", "collection_aka": "T. serratus type, Lance Creek, Hatcher Sk. 4", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "base of sandstone layer about 20 feet above bottom of draw, probably slightly higher than T. horridus type level", "geogcomments": "N side of middle fork and about 3 miles above mouth of draw of Dry Creek, which empties into Lance Creek from the W, immediately below U-L cattle ranch (then abandoned, now Mr. Jacob Mills' sheep ranch), Converse Co. (now Niobrara), WY" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "465716", "collectionId": "46127", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12304", "collectionReferenceId": "12304", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Middle Fork, Dry Creek", "collection_aka": "T. prorsus type, Lance Creek, Hatcher Sk. 3", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "a few feet above canyon bottom, 100 yds above and on same side as T. serratus type skull (= N side of middle fork and about 2 miles above mouth of draw of Dry Creek, immediately below U-L cattle ranch), Converse Co. (now Niobrara), WY" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "465718", "collectionId": "46129", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12304", "collectionReferenceId": "12304", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Converse County", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "1.5 miles below U-L ranch", "collection_aka": "USNM 4842", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "about same level as T. horridus type, but \"considerably lower\" than level of type of T. prorsus", "geogcomments": "1.5 miles below U-L cattle ranch, near head and on N side of small draw which empties into Lance Creek from the E" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "465719", "collectionId": "46130", "identifiedName": "Triceratops elatus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12304", "collectionReferenceId": "12304", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek, near mouth of Lightning Creek", "collection_aka": "T. elatus type site, Hatcher Sk. 16", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"about the middle of the Laramie series\"", "geogcomments": "E side of Lance Creek, on gently sloping hillside, about 0.25 mi. from creek and directly opposite the mouth of Lightning Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "465720", "collectionId": "46131", "identifiedName": "Triceratops obtusus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12304", "collectionReferenceId": "12304", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "2 miles southeast of U-L Ranch, Buck Creek", "collection_aka": "T. obtusus type, Lance Creek, Hatcher Sk. 9", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"about the middle of the Laramie\"", "geogcomments": "about 1 mile E of Lance Creek and 2 miles SE of U-L ranch, Converse Co. (now Niobrara), WY" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "465721", "collectionId": "46132", "identifiedName": "Triceratops brevicornus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14728", "collectionReferenceId": "14728", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek, 1.5 miles south of Lightning Creek", "collection_aka": "Triceratops brevicornus type, Hatcher Sk. 22", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Laramie\" = Lance Fm.; near top of formation", "geogcomments": "about 3 miles above mouth of Lightning Creek and about 1.5 miles S of that stream, in Converse Co. (now Niobrara), WY. Listed as \"northeast quarter of Section 15, T. 37 N., R. 65 W\" in ref 55599." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "465722", "collectionId": "46133", "identifiedName": "Diceratops hatcheri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14728", "collectionReferenceId": "14728", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "3 miles southwest of Lightning Creek", "collection_aka": "Diceratops type, Lance Creek, Hatcher Sk. 25", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "3 miles SW of mouth of Lightning Creek, Converse Co. (now Niobrara), WY" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "465730", "collectionId": "46136", "identifiedName": "Triceratops flabellatus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12304", "collectionReferenceId": "12304", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "ridge between Buck Creek and Lance Creek", "collection_aka": "Triceratops flabellatus type, Hatcher Sk. 2", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Laramie\"", "geogcomments": "at summit and at extreme W point of a high and rocky ridge about 0.5 mi. in length, running W from the main divide between Buck & Lance Creeks." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "465732", "collectionId": "46138", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sulcatus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12304", "collectionReferenceId": "12304", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "west side, Lance Creek", "collection_aka": "T. sulcatus type, Hatcher Sk. 5", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "orig. Converse Co. (now Niobrara), WY. From W side of Lance Creek just N of junciton with Little Lightning Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "467137", "collectionId": "14616", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82752", "collectionReferenceId": "39778", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sandstone Basin, UCMP V-80092", "collection_aka": "UCMP locality V80092; MOR HC-530, Doldrums", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The locality is a small shallow wash with extensive exposures of a bone-rich basal lag of the Ten Meter Sand (Hartman et al., 2014; Fowler, 2016). The Ten Meter Sand occurs ~10 m below the contact with the overlying Fort Union Formation (which is visible in adjacent cliffs ~100 m to the east), hence V80092/HC-530 is located in the upper part of the upper third of the Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "475086", "collectionId": "47127", "identifiedName": "Triceratops albertensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12568", "collectionReferenceId": "12568", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "T. albertensis type, Knudsen's Coulee (NMC)", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Upper Edmonton member\", 55 feet above base", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 2, T34, R22, W 4th meridian; W side of Red Deer River in Knudsen's Coulee, 183 m N of T. rex site" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "475087", "collectionId": "47128", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops albertensis", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15450", "collectionReferenceId": "12569", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Knudsen's Coulee (NMC 9542)", "collection_aka": "Red Deer River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "60 m above base of formation (Kneehills Tuff), and 10.4 m above Nevis Seam no. 13, 9 m below Ardley Seam no. 14 - corrected to 4.5 m below Nevis", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 10, T34, R22, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "483645", "collectionId": "14505", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "3880", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Altman Blowout", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5616", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from a single blowout", "geogcomments": "\"Altman property, on the Lance Creek-Crazy Woman Creek divide, east of the Lance Creek-Hampshire road, 17.3 miles by road north of Lance Creek\"; coordinate based on Lance Creek (not the town) - changed to coordinates from UCMP database" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "485547", "collectionId": "48549", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12319", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Lance", "member": "Chiule", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kaiparowitz Peak (YPM)", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 42", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Chiule beds\"", "geogcomments": "Kaiparowitz Peak" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "487602", "collectionId": "49016", "identifiedName": "Triceratops elatus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13079", "collectionReferenceId": "13079", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sand Arroyo/ Prairie Elk Creek (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Sand Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sand Arroyo (Sand Creek), 16 miles SE of Lismas, MT. 4 mi E of the CK Ranch; also listed as in the badlands between Sand Creek and Prairie Elk (Creek)" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "488103", "collectionId": "14550", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Flint's Stones", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-76145", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "488354", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "488631", "collectionId": "14615", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Ried Coulee 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-73090", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "489027", "collectionId": "14516", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "962", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bug Creek Anthills (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-65127, V-70201", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "489045", "collectionId": "14649", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Up-Up-The Creek 2 (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-87037 (in part)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "490998", "collectionId": "49527", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "55542", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Little Dry Creek", "collection_aka": "Green Mountain Creek. Loc. 26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along Little Dry Creek, where Federal Boulevard crosses the RR tracks; \"on the north bamk of Green Mountain Creek (Dry Creek) near the intersection of Boulevard F and the Denver and Intermountain railway in North Denver\"" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "491005", "collectionId": "49529", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "52428", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Weld", "formation": "Laramie", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "2 miles north of Briggsdale", "collection_aka": "Loc. 4, UCM Loc. 77062, UCM Loc. 82029", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "found ca. 30 ft above last exposed lignite", "geogcomments": "ca. 2 mi. N of Briggsdale" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "496305", "collectionId": "50082", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13456", "collectionReferenceId": "13456", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Corson", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Standing Rock Indian Reservation (USNM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "described as \"Ceratops Beds (or their equivalent)\", but actually Lance", "geogcomments": "on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "496312", "collectionId": "50086", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13463", "collectionReferenceId": "13463", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Converse County", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Schneider Creek (USNM 8091)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "originally listed as Niobrara Co." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "496313", "collectionId": "50087", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "12304", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south side of Doegie Creek", "collection_aka": "Dogie Creek, Lance Creek, Bull Creek, Hatcher Sk. 27", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "formerly Converse Co. Originally listed as \"Bull Creek\" (1907), but Gilmore believes it is actually Doegie Creek (both names appear on Lull's 1915 map)." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "501688", "collectionId": "50931", "identifiedName": "Triceratops calicornis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14177", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "east of Lance Creek", "collection_aka": "T. calicornis type, Hatcher Sk. 9", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "approx. sec 31, T37N, R65W, E of Lance Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "513909", "collectionId": "52088", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13950", "collectionReferenceId": "13950", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Seminoe Reservoir, Ferris Fauna", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "South of Seminoe Reservoir" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "513910", "collectionId": "52089", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62891", "collectionReferenceId": "48217", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "North Platte River, Medicine Bow Fauna", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 32", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "South of the Seminoe (Seminole) Mountains, 40 miles below (i.e. downstream) Fort Steele (also listed as 25-30 mi. N of old Fort Fred Steele) on the North Platte River. Also listed as 35 mi. below Ft. Steele, opposite the mouth of the Medicine Bow. Knowlton's collection from T23N, R84W." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "514313", "collectionId": "52107", "identifiedName": "Triceratops eurycephalus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53992", "collectionReferenceId": "53986", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Goshen", "formation": "Lance", "member": "Torrington", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "1.5 miles up Horse Creek (41 ft)", "collection_aka": "Torrington", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec. 4, T22N, R61W. 1.5 miles up Horse Creek, near Torrington" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518593", "collectionId": "52681", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek, south side of Doegie Creek", "collection_aka": "Dogie Creek, Bull Creek, Hatcher Sk. 30", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near S side of Doegie Creek (= Dogie, Bull Creek), Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518594", "collectionId": "52682", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "between Doegie Creek and Cow Creek", "collection_aka": "Dogie Creek, Bull Creek, Lance Creek, Hatcher Sk. 18", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "between Cow Creek and Doegie (=Dogie, Bull) Creek, Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518595", "collectionId": "52683", "identifiedName": "Triceratops cf. brevicornis", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62405", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south side of Lightning Creek", "collection_aka": "Lance Creek, Hatcher Sk. 21", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along S side of Lightning Creek, Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518596", "collectionId": "52684", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek, southwest of Warren", "collection_aka": "Hatcher Sk. 20, Sk. 23", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518597", "collectionId": "52684", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek, southwest of Warren", "collection_aka": "Hatcher Sk. 20, Sk. 23", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518598", "collectionId": "52685", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek, southwest of Warren", "collection_aka": "Hatcher Sk. 14, Sk. 15", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518599", "collectionId": "52685", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek, southwest of Warren", "collection_aka": "Hatcher Sk. 14, Sk. 15", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518600", "collectionId": "52686", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek, north side of Buck Creek", "collection_aka": "Hatcher Sk. 6, Sk. 7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek area, near Buck Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518601", "collectionId": "52687", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "between Lance Creek and Buck Creek", "collection_aka": "Hatcher Sk. 8", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along tributary to Lance Creek between it and Buck Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518602", "collectionId": "52688", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "west side of Buck Creek", "collection_aka": "Lance Creek, Hatcher Sk. 13", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along W side of Buck Creek, Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518603", "collectionId": "52689", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sulcatus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14177", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "west side of Buck Creek", "collection_aka": "Lance Creek, Hatcher Sk. 12", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along W side of Buck Creek, Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518604", "collectionId": "52690", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14177", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south of Warren, Lance Creek", "collection_aka": "Hatcher Sk. 17", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "south of Warren post office, Lance Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518605", "collectionId": "52691", "identifiedName": "Triceratops elatus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14177", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "west side of Buck Creek", "collection_aka": "Lance Creek, Hatcher Sk. 11", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along west side of Buck Creek, Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518606", "collectionId": "52692", "identifiedName": "Triceratops elatus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14177", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "west side of Buck Creek", "collection_aka": "Lance Creek, Hatcher Sk. 10", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along west side of Buck Creek, Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518607", "collectionId": "52693", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "between Lance Creek and Buck Creek", "collection_aka": "Hatcher Sk. 28", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "E of U/L Ranch, between Lance Creek and Buck Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518608", "collectionId": "52694", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Greasewood Creek", "collection_aka": "Lance Creek, Hatcher Sk. 26", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along N side of Greasewood Creek in northern part of Lance Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "518609", "collectionId": "52695", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek (YPM 1891 general)", "collection_aka": "Hatcher Sk. 31", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "exact locality not mapped, center of general Lance Creek area used" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "521268", "collectionId": "14555", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3313", "collectionReferenceId": "3313", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Glen McPherson", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "Frenchman Fm. was originally included within the overlying Ravenscrag Fm., but the two are now separate. Frenchman Fm. is Maastrichtian and Ravenscrag is Danian (see Eberth et al. 2019)", "geogcomments": "Pinto Butte, between Val Marie and Mankota" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "529535", "collectionId": "54105", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14627", "collectionReferenceId": "14627", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eastend \"Scotty\" site, RSM loc. 72F07-0022", "collection_aka": "Chambery Coulee", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Frenchman River valley, SE of Eastend. Chambery Coulee, on the N side of the valley" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "529536", "collectionId": "54105", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14627", "collectionReferenceId": "14627", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eastend \"Scotty\" site, RSM loc. 72F07-0022", "collection_aka": "Chambery Coulee", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Frenchman River valley, SE of Eastend. Chambery Coulee, on the N side of the valley" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "530471", "collectionId": "54177", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14648", "collectionReferenceId": "14648", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Horse Shoe Bend (no. 8)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Horse Shoe Bend, on the Cheyenne River" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "530473", "collectionId": "54179", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14648", "collectionReferenceId": "14648", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "between Greaswood & Buggy Creeks (no. 11)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "between Greasewood and Buggy Creeks, near camp at Horse Shoe Bend, Cheyenne River" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "534500", "collectionId": "55286", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64521", "collectionReferenceId": "64521", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sierra", "formation": "Hall Lake", "member": "", "geological_group": "McRae", "collection_name": "2 miles south of Elephant Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"uppermost exposed member of the coal-bearing sandstones\"", "geogcomments": "2 miles south of Elephant Butte" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "534975", "collectionId": "55353", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14848", "collectionReferenceId": "14848", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Harley's Baby Triceratops, UCMP V-97006", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "534976", "collectionId": "55354", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14848", "collectionReferenceId": "14848", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jack's Bay 5, UCMP V-84186", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "vicinity of Jack's Point, Charles M. Russell Wildlife Refuge" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "534977", "collectionId": "55355", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14848", "collectionReferenceId": "14848", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ruben's Triceratops, UCMP V-75046", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"stratigraphically very high in the middle unit of the Hell Creek Formation, ~6 m below the Apex Sandstone\"", "geogcomments": "Bug Creek area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "545132", "collectionId": "14527", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dwarf Lighthouse (UCMP V-5622)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "545149", "collectionId": "14609", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Premolar Site", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5625", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "545328", "collectionId": "14538", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "False Disciple Point", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5817", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "545468", "collectionId": "14579", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kent 484", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5820", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "545969", "collectionId": "57161", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Subterfuge Quarry, UCMP V-5717", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "545973", "collectionId": "57162", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Richard I. Blowout, UCMP V-5719", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "545997", "collectionId": "57166", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fish Tooth Hill, UCMP V-5918", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "546005", "collectionId": "57168", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Savage 1, UCMP V-5922", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "558181", "collectionId": "57919", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15577", "collectionReferenceId": "15577", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Sioux", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Fort Yates area", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Plesiosaur vertebrate and ammonite might be from th Pierre Shale Formation", "geogcomments": "In the vicinity of Fort Yates" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "570625", "collectionId": "45878", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17198", "collectionReferenceId": "9259", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Seven Mile Creek (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 30, Locality 17", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sec 14, 15 or 16 (used 15), T40N, R63W; Seven Mile Creek Drainage, 2.6 (not 5 or 6) miles N of Cheyenne River, Niobrara Co. (originally Converse and not Weston Co.), Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "604773", "collectionId": "64428", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18611", "collectionReferenceId": "18611", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Glendive badlands (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in the badlands near Glendive, 50 ft above the railroad tracks" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "604774", "collectionId": "64429", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18611", "collectionReferenceId": "18611", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Custer", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hockett, Powder River (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Powder River, 12 mi N of Hockett, S of Miles City" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "623676", "collectionId": "67129", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19146", "collectionReferenceId": "12319", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bear Creek/Rock Creek (UMMP)", "collection_aka": "Fort Peck", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "near boundary with Ft. Union Fm.", "geogcomments": "along Bear Creek, 28-30 mi S and E of Ft. Peck - lited as sec 22, T29N, R43W in Lull & Wright 1942; approx. 24 mi SE of Ft. Peck, along a small tributary of Rock Creek in SE 1/4, sec 36, T23N, R43E, 1/4 mi W of Bonin shool house" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "632323", "collectionId": "68042", "identifiedName": "Ojoceratops fowleri", "acceptedName": "Ojoceratops fowleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "19493", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-5841, Willow Wash", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near head of WIllow Wash, within Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness Area" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "687336", "collectionId": "73927", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24831", "collectionReferenceId": "24831", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Adams", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Brighton ceratopsian (DMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Brighton area, near Eldredge sites near Henderson" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "690126", "collectionId": "74175", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24895", "collectionReferenceId": "54013", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ruby Site, Haystack Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Haystack Butte, NE Butte County" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "692639", "collectionId": "14674", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2333", "collectionReferenceId": "2333", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chris's Bonebed (CBB)", "collection_aka": "MPM 2256", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "approx 35 m below base of \"Z coal\", high in Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of sec 10, T24N, R43E; along Ft. Peck Reservoir, S of Ft. Peck" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "757341", "collectionId": "81041", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27184", "collectionReferenceId": "27184", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bay Stud Coulee (UCMP V-96271)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bay Stud Coulee" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "757342", "collectionId": "81042", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "27184", "collectionReferenceId": "27184", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Coyote Basin Trike (UCMP V-99216)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Coyote Basin, Garfield County" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "811346", "collectionId": "88990", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29831", "collectionReferenceId": "29831", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Custer", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Homer Site (BMRP)", "collection_aka": "Homer Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"Homer Site\", 40 km SW of Ekalaka (30 km accordng to map); E margin of Powder River Basin" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "881962", "collectionId": "97795", "identifiedName": "Ojoceratops fowleri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ojoceratops fowleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33791", "collectionReferenceId": "33791", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 410b, Willow Wash", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "a few meters above the base of the Naashoibito Member (Ojo Alamo Formation)", "geogcomments": "approx. sec 1, T24N, R12W, head of Willow Wash, San Juan Basin; Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "881963", "collectionId": "97796", "identifiedName": "Ojoceratops fowleri", "acceptedName": "Ojoceratops fowleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "33791", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-4726, Willow Wash", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "approx. sec 1, T24N, R12W, head of Willow Wash, San Juan Basin" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "881975", "collectionId": "97798", "identifiedName": "Tatankaceratops sacrisonorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tatankaceratops sacrisonorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33794", "collectionReferenceId": "33794", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Niemi Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "approx. 20 m below K/T boundary", "geogcomments": "on the Niemi Ranch, ca. 10 mi NNW of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "896239", "collectionId": "99441", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "34199", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Custer", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Chalk Buttes, near Powderville", "collection_aka": "East Fork of the Little Powder River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from the \"Laramie Beds\" (Riggs 1906), equivalent to the Hell Creek according to Knowlton (1909) and therefore Maastrichtian", "geogcomments": "\"on the east fork of the Little Powder River\" according to Knowlton 1909 (p. 204)\r\n\"Laramie deposits of Chalk Buttes, near Powderville, Custer County, Montana\" according to Hay (1908, p. 229)." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "901550", "collectionId": "100852", "identifiedName": "Triceratops serratus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "53938", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry No. 3, Sieber Ranch (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Hell Creek Cañon", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"240 feet above Fort Pierre\"; \"Ceratops Clays, 240 feet above the Pierre shales\"", "geogcomments": "on Hell Creek, 130 mi NW of Miles City; 1 mi. S of camp on old Sieber Ranch. Brasley: \"along the banks of a small stream, a tributary of the Missouri, about 135 miles northwest of Miles City, Montana\"; \"on the extreme point of the divide separating Hell Creek from a tributary which entered it from the west about 15 miles from the Missouri River.\"" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "944853", "collectionId": "109659", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36232", "collectionReferenceId": "36232", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "High Ceratopsian, UCMP V88001", "collection_aka": "High Triceratops", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost Hell Creek, 5 m below lower Z-coal", "geogcomments": "S part of a local basin NW of McGuire Creek, McCone County, in the Charles M. Russell Wildlife Refuge. Coordinates for McGuire Creek." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "944864", "collectionId": "109660", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36232", "collectionReferenceId": "36232", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Russell Basin Triceratops, UCMP V88081", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in Russell Basin, near Bug Creek (coordinates from latter)" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "944875", "collectionId": "109661", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36232", "collectionReferenceId": "36232", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sierra Skull, Nelson Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "found near Nelson Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1014581", "collectionId": "14558", "identifiedName": "? Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "39999", "collectionReferenceId": "39999", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gryde locality", "collection_aka": "SMNH Locality 72F08-0012", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a 35 cm thick bed", "geogcomments": "\"farm of Mr. Greg Gryde in Legal Sub-Division 11, Section 19, Township 4, Range 18 West of the 3rd Meridian\"; S of Shaunavon" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1020519", "collectionId": "124934", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "40484", "collectionReferenceId": "40484", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gunma Triceratops site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1093402", "collectionId": "137710", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42536", "collectionReferenceId": "42536", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope County", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hay Creek N1, UCMP loc. V.86071", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-86071", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1093545", "collectionId": "137728", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42536", "collectionReferenceId": "42536", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope County", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Sandy Overlook, UCMP loc. V86101", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-86101", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1124592", "collectionId": "142326", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheep Mountain (CM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Sheep Mtn., Carter Co." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1124593", "collectionId": "142325", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Snyder Creek (CM)", "collection_aka": "Schneider Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Snyder (= Schneider) Creek, Niobrara Co." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1124598", "collectionId": "142376", "identifiedName": "Triceratops ? brevicornus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "53185", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hell Creek (CM general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Laramie beds\"", "geogcomments": "near Hell Creek, locality unspecified" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1171003", "collectionId": "150893", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48210", "collectionReferenceId": "48210", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "North Fork, Moreau River", "collection_aka": "F8, East Short Pine Hills", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "center sec 36, T17N, R3E\r\nN fork of Moreau River, East Short Pine Hills" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1171004", "collectionId": "150892", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48210", "collectionReferenceId": "48210", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "East Short Pine Hills, southwest of Jumpoff", "collection_aka": "Jump Off, F7", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 26, T17N, R3E, East Short Pine Hills, SW of Jumpoff (= Jump Off)" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1171013", "collectionId": "150890", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48210", "collectionReferenceId": "48210", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Buffalo Creek", "collection_aka": "F16", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, sec 2, T18N, R5E; near Buffalo Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1171200", "collectionId": "52686", "identifiedName": "? Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55599", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek, north side of Buck Creek", "collection_aka": "Hatcher Sk. 6, Sk. 7", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek area, near Buck Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1171317", "collectionId": "14601", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Oil Tank Lookout (UCMP V-5624)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1182424", "collectionId": "128461", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49054", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Morgan Creek (Rocky Creek)", "collection_aka": "Baena longicauda type, Grasslands National Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Ravenscrag formation, 50 feet below coal seam; Lance equivalent - this is now assigned to the Frenchman Fm.", "geogcomments": "S.E. 1/4, Sec. 23, Tp. 1, Rge. 5, W. 3rd. Merid., Morgan Creek (east branch, Rocky Creek), S of Wood Mtn., now Grasslands National Park, Saskatchewan" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1182425", "collectionId": "152399", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49054", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "north side, Frenchman River", "collection_aka": "Eastend", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "orig. assigned to Ravenscrag, but now upper Frenchman", "geogcomments": "north side, Frenchman River, east of Eastend (also listed as 8 mi. SW of Eastend and 1.5 mi. NE of Frenchman River), ca. 20 km S of Shaunavon" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1182426", "collectionId": "152400", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83612", "collectionReferenceId": "49054", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "20 km south of Shaunavon", "collection_aka": "Frenchman River valley", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Frenchman River valley, ca. 20 km south of Shaunavon, E side of Hwy 37" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1182427", "collectionId": "152401", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83612", "collectionReferenceId": "49054", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "EM P15, Frenchman River Valley", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Frenchman River Valley, S of Eastend, along S side of Frenchman River" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1237022", "collectionId": "162855", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53020", "collectionReferenceId": "53020", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "McKeever Ranch, Snow Point (LACM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "general collections from McKeever Ranch on Snow Point, near Hell Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1237867", "collectionId": "162141", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52782", "collectionReferenceId": "52782", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Trenville Park", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 7, T36N, R21W, 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1249999", "collectionId": "164991", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53992", "collectionReferenceId": "53992", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Goshen", "formation": "Lance", "member": "Torrington", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "1.5 miles up Horse Creek (36 ft)", "collection_aka": "Torrington", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec. 4, T22N, R61W. 1.5 miles up Horse Creek, near Torrington" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1250002", "collectionId": "164992", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53992", "collectionReferenceId": "53992", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Goshen", "formation": "Lance", "member": "Torrington", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "1.5 miles up Horse Creek (24 ft)", "collection_aka": "Torrington", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "NE 1/4, sec. 4, T22N, R61W. 1.5 miles up Horse Creek, near Torrington" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1250006", "collectionId": "164993", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53992", "collectionReferenceId": "53992", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Goshen", "formation": "Lance", "member": "Torrington", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "1.5 miles northeast of Fox Creek Gap (35 ft)", "collection_aka": "Torrington", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4, sec 1, T20N, R63W, ca. 1 mi NE of Fox Creek Gap" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1253934", "collectionId": "165876", "identifiedName": "Triceratops cf. flabellatus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54220", "collectionReferenceId": "54220", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Lincoln", "formation": "Evanston", "member": "Hams Fork Conglomerate", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Warfield Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "218 ft above base of member", "geogcomments": "400 feet SSE of the NW. corner, sec. 31, T 21N, R116 W" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1253936", "collectionId": "165877", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54218", "collectionReferenceId": "54221", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Medicine Bow", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hanna Basin (Medicine Bow Fm., general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "basin", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified localities in the Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1253937", "collectionId": "165878", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54221", "collectionReferenceId": "54221", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hanna Basin (Ferris Fm., general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "basin", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "basal part of formation, \"conglomeratic zone\"", "geogcomments": "unspecified localities in the Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1262350", "collectionId": "72143", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54744", "collectionReferenceId": "24421", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Billy Creek, CM Loc. 982", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from Billy Creek, MT" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1301645", "collectionId": "173841", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56683", "collectionReferenceId": "56683", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMVP quarry, Maloney Hill", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S 1/2, sec 3, T21N, R37E, Garfield Co." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1301646", "collectionId": "173842", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77273", "collectionReferenceId": "56683", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "SMVP quarry 24, Trumbo Ranch", "collection_aka": "Triceratops Quarry, Brownie Butte", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SE 1/4, sec 31, T21N, R37E, Garfield Co., near Brownie Butte on Trumbo Ranch" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1335006", "collectionId": "179968", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55474", "collectionReferenceId": "55474", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sheep Mountain (SDSM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sheep Mtn., Carter Co." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1335007", "collectionId": "179969", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "12314", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Short Pine Hills (SDSM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"lower Lance\"", "geogcomments": "Short Pine Hills, 19 mi. S of Camp Crook; NE 1/4, sec. 15, T17N, R1E" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1335009", "collectionId": "179970", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55474", "collectionReferenceId": "55474", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jump Off (SDSM)", "collection_aka": "Camp Crook, Jumpoff", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"lower Lance\"", "geogcomments": "Jump Off, 16-18 mi. E of Camp Crook" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1335139", "collectionId": "179991", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14538", "collectionReferenceId": "14538", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Richland", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "USGS Sec. 28, T. 27 N., R. 49 E. (Richland County)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "United States Geological Survey Sec. 28, T. 27 N., R. 49 E., Richland County, Montana." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1347648", "collectionId": "182584", "identifiedName": "aff. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52428", "collectionReferenceId": "52428", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Weld", "formation": "Laramie", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "12 miles northeast of Briggsdale", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"the dinosaur remains...were above horizons yielding Laramie invertebrates\"", "geogcomments": "12 miles northeast of Briggsdale" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1350472", "collectionId": "183109", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61095", "collectionReferenceId": "61095", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Powder River", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lane's Little Jaw Site", "collection_aka": "LLJS Quarry; LACM 7942", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "upper Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1350474", "collectionId": "183110", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61095", "collectionReferenceId": "61095", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Powder River", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "McGill 1", "collection_aka": "LACM 7943", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1380743", "collectionId": "189003", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63480", "collectionReferenceId": "63480", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ninja Turtle locality", "collection_aka": "Ekalaka", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ninja Turtle locality is located in T1N, R55E near the town of Ekalaka, Carter County, southeastern Montana" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1382891", "collectionId": "189513", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63679", "collectionReferenceId": "63679", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Schneider Creek [BMNH]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in Converse County (now Niobrara Co.); Lull (1933) claims it was found near Schneider Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1383204", "collectionId": "189572", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65452", "collectionReferenceId": "63712", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rock Creek/Sand Arroyo (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "badlands, near head of Rock Creek and Sand Arroyo" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1390626", "collectionId": "191271", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "64520", "collectionReferenceId": "64520", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lance Creek section", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "sec. 30, T39N, R62W" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1391204", "collectionId": "191374", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12314", "collectionReferenceId": "46330", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Yule, Little Missouri badlands", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "200 ft above local unconformity", "geogcomments": "near Yule, Little Missouri badlands, SW corner of North Dakota, orig. listed as Billings Co. but now Slope Co." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1409267", "collectionId": "14537", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry, SDSM loc. V637", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1409295", "collectionId": "192251", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry anthills", "collection_aka": "SDSM V638, V639, V640, V644, V645, V646", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs, ca. 100 ft. downslope of Eureka Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1410223", "collectionId": "47819", "identifiedName": "Ojoceratops fowleri", "acceptedName": "Ojoceratops fowleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "12807", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 319b", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1410243", "collectionId": "138833", "identifiedName": "Ojoceratops fowleri", "acceptedName": "Ojoceratops fowleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "44513", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 403b, De-na-zin Microsite (SE)", "collection_aka": "Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality within the Bisti/De-na-zin Wilderness" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1411239", "collectionId": "171027", "identifiedName": "Ojoceratops fowleri", "acceptedName": "Ojoceratops fowleri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66250", "collectionReferenceId": "12807", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Ojo Alamo", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 360b", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1540232", "collectionId": "216603", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "74875", "collectionReferenceId": "74875", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Ziebach", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Ziebach Co. Triceratops (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "FPDM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from unspecified site in Ziebach Co. Mapped onto proxy site in Hell Creek outcrops" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1543906", "collectionId": "217183", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "75378", "collectionReferenceId": "75378", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Dawson", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "private ranch near Glendive", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "private ranch, approx. 1 mile area around E 1/2 of the SW 1/4 of the NE 1/4 Section 14, T. 15 N., R. 56 E., Dawson County, Glendive, MT" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1565291", "collectionId": "221005", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77273", "collectionReferenceId": "77273", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "SMVP quarry 14, Trumbo Ranch", "collection_aka": "locality 14", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S1/2, sec 3, T21N, R37E, Garfield Co." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1565292", "collectionId": "221004", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77273", "collectionReferenceId": "77273", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "SMVP quarry 11, Trumbo Ranch", "collection_aka": "locality 11", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T21N, R37E, Garfield Co." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1565296", "collectionId": "221007", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77273", "collectionReferenceId": "77273", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Stovall Quarry, Trumbo Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "T21N, R37E, Garfield Co." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1588494", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1588536", "collectionId": "224486", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "80625", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Triceratops Quarry, Licking Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "ca. 2 mi. E of Tooth Draw Quarry, on the Licking Ranch" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1588539", "collectionId": "224488", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "80625", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Enigma Site (RB-02:ENS)", "collection_aka": "Ruthie's Badlands", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the \"Big Sandy Zone\"", "geogcomments": "in Ruthie's Badlands, ca. 2 km E of Deer's Ears Butte" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1588543", "collectionId": "224489", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "80625", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "LGD Triceratops (RB-19)", "collection_aka": "Ruthie's Badlands", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the \"Big Sandy Zone\"", "geogcomments": "in Ruthie's Badlands, ca. 2 km E of Deer's Ears Butte" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1588544", "collectionId": "224490", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "80625", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Ruthie Triceratops (RB-33)", "collection_aka": "Ruthie's Badlands", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the \"Big Sandy Zone\"", "geogcomments": "in Ruthie's Badlands, ca. 2 km E of Deer's Ears Butte" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1588551", "collectionId": "224492", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "80625", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "OTS Triceratops (SK-9)", "collection_aka": "Deer's Ears Butte, Splinter's Knob", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "OTS Triceratops (SK-9), at Splinter's Knob, W side of Deer's Ears Butte" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1593200", "collectionId": "225317", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81555", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Meade", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "\"Miss Rene\" Triceratops site [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "unspecified locality in the badlands of Meade County" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1593201", "collectionId": "225318", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81556", "collectionReferenceId": "81556", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Weston", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Darnell Triceratops site, main bonebed", "collection_aka": "Naturalis Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Darnell Ranch, SW of Newcastle" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1593202", "collectionId": "225319", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81556", "collectionReferenceId": "81556", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Weston", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Darnell Triceratops site, site B", "collection_aka": "Naturalis", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Darnell Ranch, SW of Newcastle" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1598417", "collectionId": "225924", "identifiedName": "Triceratops horridus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops horridus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81831", "collectionReferenceId": "81831", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Perkins", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Triceratops quarry, Mud Butte Ranch", "collection_aka": "Big John", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "supposedly upper part of formation, but exact stratigraphic occurrence is uncertain", "geogcomments": "Mud Butte Ranch, SW Perkins County, 36 miles NE of Newell, South Dakota. GPS coordinates: 45° 03’ 11.26” N, 102° 52’ 50.582 W. " }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1599635", "collectionId": "226054", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81886", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "\"Kevin\" site (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch near Lusk, WY" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1599637", "collectionId": "226055", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81886", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "\"Vinnie\" site (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch near Lusk, WY" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1604948", "collectionId": "225845", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81806", "collectionReferenceId": "81806", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RSM site number 28769 (\"Site B\")", "collection_aka": "Grasslands National Park, East Block", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "RSM P3328.2 was recovered on ranch land near the East Block of Grasslands National Park (GNP), in sediment representing the uppermost Maastrichtian Frenchman Formation, Frenchman Formation, “Site B” (RSM site number 28769), just outside Grasslands National Park East Block (full locality details and GPS coordinates available to researchers through RSM)." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1604957", "collectionId": "224667", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81027", "collectionReferenceId": "81027", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "1975-BDM-01", "collection_aka": "Northwest of Marmarth", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Northwest of Marmarth in Slope County, North Dakota (locality 1975-BDM-01)" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1606641", "collectionId": "227182", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82646", "collectionReferenceId": "82646", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "north of Jordan (EMSP) [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ca. 15 m below K/T boundary", "geogcomments": "N or Jordan, MT" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1607039", "collectionId": "227283", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82750", "collectionReferenceId": "82750", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "MOR locality HC-430", "collection_aka": "Quittin' Time, Big Ass Bones, JSaur, BAB", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Quittin' Time locality (includes two other adjacent quarries, Big Ass Bones and JSaur) from the same bonebed; N of Lone Tree Creek near Fort Peck Lake" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1607045", "collectionId": "157187", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82752", "collectionReferenceId": "51520", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR HC-069, Wankel T-Rex", "collection_aka": "Fort Peck Lake", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "island on S side of Fort Peck Lake, within the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, McCone Co." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1607047", "collectionId": "144502", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82752", "collectionReferenceId": "46719", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Celeste's Magnificent Microsite", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-99369, UWBM C1115, MOR HC-293; UCMP V99369", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "within lower three-quarters of Hell Creek Formation from approximately 76.4 to 19.5 m below the Hell Creek–Tullock formational contact", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1615101", "collectionId": "228491", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12304", "collectionReferenceId": "12304", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry No. 2, Sieber Ranch (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Hell Creek Cañon", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Hell Creek, 130 mi NW of Miles City; Near camp on old Sieber Ranch." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1616706", "collectionId": "228825", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83612", "collectionReferenceId": "83612", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "East Block, Grasslands National Park (CMN)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "East Block, Grasslands National Park" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1616707", "collectionId": "228826", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83612", "collectionReferenceId": "83612", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south end, East Block, Grasslands National Park (CMN)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "southern end of East Block, Grasslands National Park" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1616708", "collectionId": "228827", "identifiedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "acceptedName": "Triceratops prorsus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83612", "collectionReferenceId": "83612", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "10 km west of Eastend", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "10 km west of Eastend" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1626812", "collectionId": "26760", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84885", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Grave bonebed, Hanson Ranch", "collection_aka": "Edmontosaurus bonebed, Dragons' Grave, Roxson, HR", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY. Includes five quarries from the same bonebed: North (N), South (S), Southeast (SE), West (W), and Teague (T) plus three exploratory quarries to determine extent: Toe, Neufeld (Neu), and DKC." }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1684915", "collectionId": "238642", "identifiedName": "Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90690", "collectionReferenceId": "90690", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "SUP 9713, Jordan", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost part of formation", "geogcomments": "near Jordan; sec. 2, T20N, R37E" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "occurrenceId": "1687206", "collectionId": "239131", "identifiedName": "cf. Triceratops sp.", "acceptedName": "Triceratops", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "91090", "collectionReferenceId": "91090", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rose Quarry bonebed, Hanson Ranch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Two closely spaced fossiliferous layers", "geogcomments": "Rose Quarry, on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY, < 1 km from the Dragon's Grave bonened (= Main Quarry bonebed)" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-27", "formation": "Hell Creek" }, { "genusId": "38862", "genus": "Triceratops", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-28", "formation": "Lance" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "PreserveknownsharedformationwithTorosaurus; noartificialexclusiveHellCreek clue.", "references": [ { "title": "Mallon et al. (2022), The record of Torosaurus in Canada and its taxonomic implications", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab120", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/157/6540273", "access": "Primary publisher indexed passages and author abstract; positive Canadian referrals, subadult specimens and distinctgenus interpretation" } ] } ], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Triceratopsini", "Triceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Coronosauria", "clade:Ceratopsoidea", "clade:Ceratopsidae", "clade:Chasmosaurinae", "clade:Triceratopsini", "genus:38862" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "candidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "432179", "name": "Trierarchuncus", "displayName": "Trierarchuncus", "attribution": "Fowler et al. 2020", "rawAttribution": "Fowler et al. 2020", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=432179", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Alvarezsauridae", "Trierarchuncus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "162354", "64116", "432179" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. 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G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=350050", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Triunfosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=350050" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "350050", "genus": "Triunfosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1356022", "collectionId": "184127", "identifiedName": "Triunfosaurus leonardii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Triunfosaurus leonardii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61524", "collectionReferenceId": "61524", "cc": "BR", "state": "Paraíba", "county": "Triunfo", "formation": "Rio Piranhas", "member": "", "geological_group": "Rio do Peixe", "collection_name": "Areias Farm", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Triunfosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "genus:350050" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "350050" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "rio piranhas" ], "label": "Rio Piranhas Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1356022", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Triunfosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia", "Brontomerus", "Chubutisaurus", "Dasosaurus", "Ligabuesaurus", "Padillasaurus", "Sauroposeidon" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Triunfosaurus": [ "1356022" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "350050" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38572", "name": "Troodon", "displayName": "Troodon", "attribution": "Leidy 1856", "rawAttribution": "Leidy 1856", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38572", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Troodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "379275", "38572" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38572", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Adopted North American Troodon genus framework; broader historical referrals remain possible in comparisons, rather than defining the preferred clue.", "references": [ { "id": "varricchio2025", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "vanderreest2017", "title": "Troodontids from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America", "publicationYear": 2017, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "access": "primary_metadata_and_abstract_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The opposing genus concept is also explicitly discussed in the full 2025 revision. Not claiming full 2017 paper read." }, { "id": "fan2026", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-13", "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400784396_Diet_of_bird-like_troodontid_dinosaurs_synthesis_of_a_contentious_clade", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Troodon discussion", "Diet synthesis", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Diet synthesis and taxonomic usage are not an independent nomenclatural adjudication." }, { "id": "jasinski2026", "title": "Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-08", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411150348_Dinevenator_a_New_Genus_of_Troodontid_Dinosaur_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_New_Mexico", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic comparisons", "Phylogeny" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Uses tentative language for Troodon/Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix synonymies. Separate analytical OTUs do not prove separate valid genera." } ], "comparisonValues": [ "Americas", "Asia" ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "220099", "collectionId": "22689", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5724", "collectionReferenceId": "14615", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Jack's Birthday Site, MOR TM-068 (bone layer)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1564", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: frm bentonites radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min\r\n\r\nForeman et al. 2008: 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic age data reported for the Two Medicine Formation (Rogers et al., 1993; present study) are consistent with the unit accumulating during most of the Campanian Stage (83.5–70.6 Ma, Gradstein et al., 2004), with deposition definitively commencing prior to 80 Ma and terminating shortly after 74 Ma. ", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "248043", "collectionId": "14462", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13591", "collectionReferenceId": "1487", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Hidden Valley Quarry (HVQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "248062", "collectionId": "14437", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "25474", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "McClelland Ferry", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Careless Creek Quarry (CCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "in the lower 1/3rd of the local section according to Penkalski and Dodson 1999\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma, ", "geogcomments": "on Careless Creek Ranch (owned by Lammers family), near Shawmut, Wheatland Co., about 150 km NW of Billings and 160 km S of Leidy-Cope localities on Missouri R." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "266834", "collectionId": "25658", "identifiedName": "Troodon cf. formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17718", "collectionReferenceId": "7156", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Bob's Vacation Site", "collection_aka": "MOR TM-088", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "75-76 mya, middle of formation (not \"middle member\")", "geogcomments": "\"extent of 25 m2\"\r\nno geographic details are given, so coordinate is based on county" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "280100", "collectionId": "26760", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84885", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Grave bonebed, Hanson Ranch", "collection_aka": "Edmontosaurus bonebed, Dragons' Grave, Roxson, HR", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY. Includes five quarries from the same bonebed: North (N), South (S), Southeast (SE), West (W), and Teague (T) plus three exploratory quarries to determine extent: Toe, Neufeld (Neu), and DKC." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "280572", "collectionId": "13281", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7406", "collectionReferenceId": "4406", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Egg Island, MOR TM-024", "collection_aka": "Willow Creek Anticline, WCA", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"lacustrine interval\" of member", "geogcomments": "coordinates are for nearby town of Choteau, MT" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "362356", "collectionId": "34307", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9017", "collectionReferenceId": "9017", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Onefour Car Park Site (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "CP, L1115", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a channel lag within the 8-16 m thick Lethbridge coal zone", "geogcomments": "near Onefour" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "362397", "collectionId": "34309", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9017", "collectionReferenceId": "9017", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Dinosaur Park Site", "collection_aka": "DP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from a channel lag within the 8-16 m thick Lethbridge coal zone", "geogcomments": "near Onefour" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "393104", "collectionId": "22659", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10086", "collectionReferenceId": "18556", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP Quarry 143, BB 43", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1534, Centrosaurus Bonebed 43, 0175/1, JR043, L0043", "geogscale": "basin", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_min\r\nlow in formation, 10.5 m above contact w/Oldman Fm.", "geogcomments": "456920 N, 5622350E (NAD 27 datum) = S5, T21, R11, W of 4 (also listed as 465950mE, 5622350mN). 91.5 m S of Quarry 88" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "457815", "collectionId": "45099", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V89004, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -81.68, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "approx. NW 1/4, sec. 32, R106W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "457840", "collectionId": "14610", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "1984", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "PTRM V92067", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -36.18, K-T seection 9317", "geogcomments": "Little Missouri Badlands" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "459343", "collectionId": "45240", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 105", "collection_aka": "Dave's II, Bonebed 105, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "459583", "collectionId": "45264", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 86", "collection_aka": "DPP, Bonebed 86, TMP loc. L0086", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\"", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "462939", "collectionId": "45671", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Prairie Level Site, RTMP L1130", "collection_aka": "PLS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit (upper unit of formation); 4.5 m below double bentonite at top of section", "geogcomments": "LSD 6, Sec. 36, T1, R6, W4; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "463922", "collectionId": "45821", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Confluence Site, RTMP L1134", "collection_aka": "CS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit, middle unit of formation; horizon estimated", "geogcomments": "LSD 9, Sec 34, T2, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "464636", "collectionId": "45892", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Cecil Nesmo's #2, RTMP L1136", "collection_aka": "CN-2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "4.5 m above the uppermost sandstone sheet of the middle unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 12, Sec 35, T1, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "464677", "collectionId": "45893", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "42675", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Cecil Nesmo's #1, RTMP L1137", "collection_aka": "CN-1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "6 m above the top of the middle unit; Nesmo's unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 16, Sec 34, T1, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "464757", "collectionId": "45897", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Come-By-Chance, RTMP L1139", "collection_aka": "CBC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "5.5 m lower than RDS site; \"suggested\" to be at base of upper unit; Nesmo's unit", "geogcomments": "LSD 2, Sec 10, T3, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "464795", "collectionId": "45898", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11964", "collectionReferenceId": "11964", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Rainy Day Site, RTMP L1140", "collection_aka": "RDS", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Nesmo's unit; 5.5 m higher than CBC site; upper member of formation", "geogcomments": "LSD 6, Sec 10, T3, R6, W 4th meridian; Calib Coulee, Milk River drainage" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "468942", "collectionId": "14446", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3008", "collectionReferenceId": "3008", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Chouteau", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Clambank Hollow Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "40 feet below top of formation; Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "NW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec 31, T24N, R17E; in a small creek running parallel to an E-W dirt road N of the silos of the Halley ranch." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "479409", "collectionId": "47784", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "One Tree Creek, RTMP BB 108", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 108", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "479510", "collectionId": "47795", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Ankylosaur-rich Site, RTMP BB 103", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, Bonebed 103, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "479588", "collectionId": "47807", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Bill's Site, RTMP BB 70", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 70", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990). NOTE: This is incorrectly listed as BB 71 in Brinkman (1990) but has been corrected here." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "479623", "collectionId": "47809", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Chris's Site, RTMP BB 107", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 107", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "479653", "collectionId": "47811", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Matthew's Site, RTMP BB 121", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, Bonebed 121, DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "479678", "collectionId": "47812", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Overlook Site, RTMP BB 118", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 118", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "479776", "collectionId": "22698", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 104", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1573, Bonebed 104, U-2, TMP loc. L0401", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "479802", "collectionId": "22695", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Francois Site, RTMP BB 106", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1570, Bonebed 106", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "480297", "collectionId": "22697", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5929", "collectionReferenceId": "16643", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville Railway Grade, RTMP BB 102", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1572, Steveville Railroad Grade, RRG, Bonebed 102, RTMP Quarry 152, TMP loc. L0408", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "480306", "collectionId": "14453", "identifiedName": "Troodon cf. formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2601", "collectionReferenceId": "63737", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Egg Mountain, MOR TM-006", "collection_aka": "Willow Creek Anticline, WCA", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"lacustrine interval\" of member", "geogcomments": "found during blasting by Shell Oil Co. ca. 20 mi. W of Choteau" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "488099", "collectionId": "14521", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Cole Anthill 2", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-76167", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "488173", "collectionId": "14566", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "14177", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mammal Quarry No. 2 (UCMP V-5815)", "collection_aka": "Lance Quarry 2, Hatcher No. 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on W side of an erosional remnant near center of large blowout on crest of ridge, 150 yds N of road (from which point the Johnson Ranch is 0.4 mi. away). 200 yds N80°E of benchmark Q-100." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "488227", "collectionId": "14568", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hauso 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-77130, UWBM C1917", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "488295", "collectionId": "14582", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "960", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Lead Slug Hill 1", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-72208", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "489029", "collectionId": "14516", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "962", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bug Creek Anthills (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-65127, V-70201", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "489048", "collectionId": "14650", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13103", "collectionReferenceId": "2255", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Up-Up-The Creek 3 (Reworked)", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-87038 (in part)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "501544", "collectionId": "14490", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "1487", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Top Cat Quarry (TCQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "501569", "collectionId": "50907", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "1487", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Wheatland", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Antelope Head Quarry (AHQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "508631", "collectionId": "14457", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13752", "collectionReferenceId": "1098", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Emily's Ankle Quarry (EAQ)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "513163", "collectionId": "51890", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13817", "collectionReferenceId": "12790", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "Kogosukruk Tongue", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "Liscomb Quarry (TMM/UAM)", "collection_aka": "Colville River, LBB, Liscomb Bonebed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The numerical age of the dinosaur-bearing section of the formation, where it is exposed along the lower Colville River and including the LBB, has been dated at 71–68 Ma using 40Ar/39Ar methods (McKee et al. 1989; Besse and Courtillot 1991). The age of LBB is further constrained by an 40Ar/39Ar age of 69.2±0.5 Ma from a stratigraphically underlying tuff at a locality known as Sling Point (approximately 1 km from the LBB) and from palynological analyses (Flores et al. 2007) consistent with an early Maastrichtian age (Flaig 2010). ", "geogcomments": "originally described as \"approximately 70°N, 151°W\", on the Colville River" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "513166", "collectionId": "51892", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13817", "collectionReferenceId": "13817", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "Kogosukruk Tongue", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "Sling Point Quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "513168", "collectionId": "51893", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13817", "collectionReferenceId": "13817", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "Kogosukruk Tongue", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "Byers Bed", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along Colville River just downstream from Liscomb Bonebed" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "513825", "collectionId": "52072", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13943", "collectionReferenceId": "62727", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "St. Mary River", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Scabby Butte, Site 2", "collection_aka": "NMC Locality P-5510", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "On the westerly escarpment in SE1/4, SE1/4, sec. 19" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "520513", "collectionId": "53055", "identifiedName": "cf. Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14356", "collectionReferenceId": "14356", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Hagans Crossing", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Red Rock Far Out Site, MOR TM-012", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Coordinates based on nearby town of Choteau." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "520514", "collectionId": "53056", "identifiedName": "cf. Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14356", "collectionReferenceId": "14356", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Hagans Crossing", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Red Rock One Place Site, MOR TM-012", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Coordinates based on nearby town of Choteau." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "521249", "collectionId": "14494", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "3313", "collectionReferenceId": "3313", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "Coal Ridge", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Woodpile Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna\r\n\r\nRogers et al. 2016: This mid-Judith discontinuity defines the boundary between the new McClelland Ferry and overlying Coal Ridge Members of the Judith River Formation. The shallow marine sandstones that form the backstepping sequences represent the leading edge of the Bearpaw transgression in this region and are formalized as the new Woodhawk Member of the Judith River Formation in a third reference section. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate (1) that the mid-Judith discontinuity formed ∼76.2 Ma", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "537896", "collectionId": "52991", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "14287", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Devil's Coulee (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Includes all materials not assigned to a sublocality of Devil's Coulee." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "562948", "collectionId": "58808", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62454", "collectionReferenceId": "62454", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "3.5 miles south of Little Sandhill Creek (ROM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 25, T20N, R11W, W 4th meridian; 3.5 miles S of Little Sandhill Creek [Currie 1987 describes the location as T21 but map suggests it should be T20, R12.]" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "566973", "collectionId": "59386", "identifiedName": "Troodon cf. formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23626", "collectionReferenceId": "16510", "cc": "RU", "state": "Chukot", "county": "Anadyrsky", "formation": "Kakanaut", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kakanaut, Lake Pekulnei", "collection_aka": "Pekul'nei", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of the Kakanaut Formation; middle Maastrichtian also claimed", "geogcomments": "left bank of river, basin of Pekulnei Lake (= Lake Pekulneyskoje), SE part of Koryak upland, Chukot Autonomous Area" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "583855", "collectionId": "38134", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17707", "collectionReferenceId": "43271", "cc": "RU", "state": "Amur", "county": "Arkharinskii", "formation": "Udurchukan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tsagayan", "collection_name": "Kundur", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Godefroit et al. (2012): \"Udurchukan Formation (Wodehouseia spinata - Aquilapollenites subtilis palynozone), ?Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "Kundur locality, near town of Obluch'e, Arkharinskii district, Amur region, Yevreyskaya Avtonomnyy Oblast, Russia. On the Vladivostok-Moscow highway (Chita-Khabarovsk highway), 10 km SE of Kundur village\r\n\r\nGodefroit et al. (2012): \"Kundur (N 49deg 04' 57.5\"; E 130deg 51' 34.1\"), Amur Region, Far Eastern Russia.\"" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "584132", "collectionId": "59373", "identifiedName": "Troodon cf. formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17718", "collectionReferenceId": "92794", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Glacier", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR TM-013, Landslide Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec. 27, T37N, R8W" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "584211", "collectionId": "61470", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9254", "collectionReferenceId": "17730", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Steveville, DPP", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in area N of Sternberg's Quarry 35, near Steveville, DPP" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "604161", "collectionId": "64324", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9254", "collectionReferenceId": "9254", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Bonebed HC 1, Midland Provincial Park (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"at the level of coal zones 7–8\"", "geogcomments": "Midland Provincial Park; LSD 11, sec 17, T29, R20, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "604164", "collectionId": "64325", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9254", "collectionReferenceId": "9254", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "troodontid site, DPP (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dinosaur Provincial Park; LSD 14, sec 10, T12, R11, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "604165", "collectionId": "64326", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9254", "collectionReferenceId": "9254", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "North of RTMP Bonebed 74, DPP", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N of Bonebed 74, Dinosaur Provincial Park; LSD 7, sec 32, T20, R11, W 4th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "606139", "collectionId": "64643", "identifiedName": "? Troodon ? formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12773", "collectionReferenceId": "12773", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Blaine", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Cow Island (USNM 11594)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Cow Island" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "627860", "collectionId": "47794", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "New Campsite Locality, RTMP BB 100", "collection_aka": "microvertebrate, DPP, Bonebed 100, RTMP L0406", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "628097", "collectionId": "45262", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Sid's Site, RTMP BB 51", "collection_aka": "DPP, Bonebed 51", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meters above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\"", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "628113", "collectionId": "45261", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 97", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 97, DPP, JMC 1044", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990).\" ", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are locate within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990)." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "628129", "collectionId": "45238", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "5929", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 25", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 25, DPP, L0025", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Microvertebrate sites of Brinkman (1990) are \"...placed in stratigraphic sequence by reference to a disconformity located about sixty meters below the base of the Lethbridge Coal (Eberth, 1990). The stratigraphic position of each site is expressed in terms of meteres above or below the disconformity (Fig. 2, Brinkman, 1990)\" where positive numbers are above and negative below.", "geogcomments": "Microvertebrate sites are located within the Dinosaur Provincial Park, 48 km northeast of Brooks, Alberta. UTM coordinates and elevation are provided in Eberth (1990). " }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "629795", "collectionId": "67874", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP L1122, Ryan's", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5622950 N, 473100 E" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "629821", "collectionId": "67876", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP L1117, DeeDee", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5619330 N, 465670 E" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "629899", "collectionId": "67880", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "S.P. #3, South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "Sandy Point #3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTm 12. 5620500 N, 565250 E, N of Medicine Hat" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "629918", "collectionId": "67881", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hilda #1, South Saskatchewan River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTm 12. 5698800 N, 542700 E" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "629976", "collectionId": "67892", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 71", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 71, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5622240 N, 471200 E" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "629983", "collectionId": "67893", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 78", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 78, DPP", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5624670 N, 467730 E" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "629993", "collectionId": "67894", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19348", "collectionReferenceId": "19348", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 117", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 117, DPP, Dave's Site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "UTM 12, 5622680 N, 463750 E" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "647667", "collectionId": "69213", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13002", "collectionReferenceId": "13002", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Fergus", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Judith River badlands (USGS)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "badlands of the Judith River valley, along the MIssouri - described by Lull & Wright 42 as \"at the mouth of the Judith River where it enters the Missouri\"" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "651206", "collectionId": "47029", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23626", "collectionReferenceId": "14383", "cc": "RU", "state": "Amur", "county": "Blagoveschensk", "formation": "Udurchukan", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tsagayan", "collection_name": "Blagoveschensk", "collection_aka": "Blagoveshchensk", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Wodehousia spinata-Aquilapollenities subtilis palynozone; lower part of group, Unit 2 of formation", "geogcomments": "on a hillside along the upper part of Nagornaia Street, W of Blagorveschensk city (but within city limits), Amur region, Far Eastern Russia. Amur-Zeya Basin." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "700786", "collectionId": "14543", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "1419", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ferris Formation (UW V-92046)", "collection_aka": "Three and a Half Teeth", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "700839", "collectionId": "14542", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "1419", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chinacat Sunflower (UW V-92036)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "700854", "collectionId": "75298", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93003, Jay's Boneglomerate Ridge", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "702717", "collectionId": "75435", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93016, Won't Anton Be Jealous", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "702745", "collectionId": "75442", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93027, Cliffhanger II", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "796113", "collectionId": "55363", "identifiedName": "cf. Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "63399", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Albertosaurus Bonebed, Dry Island Buffalo Jump", "collection_aka": "Albertosaurus Quarry, Big Valley Creek, ABB, RTMP L2204", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from transition between Units 4 and 5, HCF \"B\", should be top of Tolman Mb.", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection # 52468, near Dry Island, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "811327", "collectionId": "88975", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29821", "collectionReferenceId": "29821", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "Magical Mystery Bar", "collection_aka": "Norton's Bed", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "within a few km of the Liscomb Bonebed; also called the Norton Bonebd" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "814091", "collectionId": "89605", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "30044", "collectionReferenceId": "76819", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Wapiti", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kleskun Hill Park, site B", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "above an ash layer dated as 73.77 ± 1.46 Ma (Ar/Ar)", "geogcomments": "Kleskun Hill Park, ca. 25 km NE of Grande Prairie, W-central Alberta, on left side of Smoky River" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "867599", "collectionId": "22699", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32668", "collectionReferenceId": "5710", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Wapiti", "member": "Unit 3", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pipestone Creek Bonebed (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1574, TMP.1989.55, Tanke Site 11, Pachyrhinosaurus bonebed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: 0 radiometric intage_min; approx 73 ma", "geogcomments": "40 km SW of Grand Prairie, NW Alberta; 10 m above creek bed and 1.1 km upstream from Pipestone Creek County Park campground and the confluence with the Wapiti River. Also exposed 120 m downstream of main site on W bank of creek. Sec. 14, T70N, R8W, 6th meridian" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "880485", "collectionId": "60518", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33366", "collectionReferenceId": "33366", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR JR-122, Hill County", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "listed only as \"Hill County\", so site estimated very generally" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "880486", "collectionId": "14453", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33367", "collectionReferenceId": "63737", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Egg Mountain, MOR TM-006", "collection_aka": "Willow Creek Anticline, WCA", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"lacustrine interval\" of member", "geogcomments": "found during blasting by Shell Oil Co. ca. 20 mi. W of Choteau" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "881978", "collectionId": "51889", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "33795", "collectionReferenceId": "13817", "cc": "US", "state": "Alaska", "county": "North Slope", "formation": "Prince Creek", "member": "Kogosukruk Tongue", "geological_group": "Colville", "collection_name": "Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry", "collection_aka": "Kikak Creek, Kekak-Tegoseak, KKT", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Radioisotopic dates derived from multiple tuff beds throughout this section of the Prince Creek Formation range from 68Ma to 71Ma, with an average estimate of 69.1+/20.3Ma, placing it in the early Late Maastrichtian. Palynological samples from the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry itself correlate reasonably well with the radioisotopic data, showing an Early Maastrichtian assemblage", "geogcomments": "Along Kikak Creek near where it empties into the Colville River; about 80 km upriver from Liscomb Quarry.\r\nThe Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry is located in the extensive exposures of the Prince Creek Formation along bluffs bordering the Colville River, North Slope Borough, Alaska, USA" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "900938", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "34479", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1081358", "collectionId": "135739", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43426", "collectionReferenceId": "43426", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Morrin/Tolman", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "TMP NL-4", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from Drumheller Marine Tongue, Unit 2\r\n\r\nDrumheller Marine Tongue section spans Morrin/Tolman contact zone and has been dated to 70.896+/0.048Ma. For revised age stratigraphy of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, see Eberth and Braman 2012 and Eberth et al. 2020", "geogcomments": "Coordinates taken from collection #52468, near Dry Island, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1181724", "collectionId": "76030", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "25724", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Iddesleigh (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "\"late Campanian\"", "geogcomments": "\"just north of Iddesleigh [basis of coordinate]... on the south side of the Red Deer River, roughly 100 m above river level\"" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1181725", "collectionId": "53050", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "North Baby Butte, Devil's Coulee", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "At Devil's Coulee, near Warner, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1181726", "collectionId": "152270", "identifiedName": "cf. Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "Horsethief", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Morrin Bridge", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "at the level of coal zones 8–9", "geogcomments": "near Morrin Bridge. TRMP database for Albertosaurus specimen: sec. 34, T30N, R21W, W 4th meridian." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1181727", "collectionId": "96455", "identifiedName": "cf. Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "32668", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Rosedale", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"near Rosedale,\" Alberta, Canada" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1181728", "collectionId": "152271", "identifiedName": "cf. Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Whitemud Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Whitemud Creek" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1181729", "collectionId": "144539", "identifiedName": "cf. Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Calmar", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Calmar" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1181730", "collectionId": "152272", "identifiedName": "cf. Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "48570", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Carbon", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "near Carbon" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1181731", "collectionId": "34744", "identifiedName": "cf. Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48570", "collectionReferenceId": "9231", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Drumheller bone bed, Munson Ferry (80 ft level)", "collection_aka": "Bleriot Ferry; RTMP Locality L1504", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "found \"low in the lower member of the Edmonton Formation\" (now = Horseshoe Canyon Fm.)", "geogcomments": "1.5 miles S of Munson Ferry on Red Deer River near Drumheller, Alberta. SW corner of subdivision 6, section 10, T30, R21, W of 4th meridian. Approx. 9.5 miles NW of Drumheller. Horizon is about 80 ft. above river. (Also described as near Bleriot Ferry, about 10 km NW of RTMP.)" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1237857", "collectionId": "53050", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "52782", "collectionReferenceId": "12559", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "North Baby Butte, Devil's Coulee", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Found in the uppermost 100 m of the 650 m thick formation.", "geogcomments": "At Devil's Coulee, near Warner, Alberta" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1355319", "collectionId": "184041", "identifiedName": "Troodon formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13889", "collectionReferenceId": "61480", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "southwest corner, Dinosaur Provincial Park", "collection_aka": "DPP", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"high in the Judith River Formation\"", "geogcomments": "southwest corner, Dinosaur Provincial Park, S of Little Sandhill Creek; sec. 26, T20, R12, W 4th meridian." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1373092", "collectionId": "59217", "identifiedName": "Troodon cf. formosus", "acceptedName": "Troodon formosus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62883", "collectionReferenceId": "62883", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Fergus", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "south of Taffy Creek (Judith River)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "south of Taffy Creek, at the head of Dog Creek" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1409257", "collectionId": "14537", "identifiedName": "? Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry, SDSM loc. V637", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1409288", "collectionId": "192251", "identifiedName": "? Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry anthills", "collection_aka": "SDSM V638, V639, V640, V644, V645, V646", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs, ca. 100 ft. downslope of Eureka Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1472809", "collectionId": "76062", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "87549", "collectionReferenceId": "25756", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Horseshoe Canyon", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "Danek Bonebed (TMP L2379)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Danek Bonebed, in south-suburban Edmonton, along the banks of Whitemud Creek (according to news reports)" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1572460", "collectionId": "14434", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "1488", "collectionReferenceId": "1098", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Golden Valley", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Blackbird Ridge Quarry (BBR)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Judithian based on fauna", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1581196", "collectionId": "223339", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78546", "collectionReferenceId": "78546", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Two Medicine", "member": "Flag Butte", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Pete’s Pupa Peninsula (PPP)", "collection_aka": "Willow Creek Anticline, WCA", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "approx. 76.7 Ma; uppermost 2 m of outcrop", "geogcomments": "SW of Choteau, Teton County; small outcrop within the Willow Creek Anticline" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1588488", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "cf. Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1625987", "collectionId": "37811", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "84672", "collectionReferenceId": "65750", "cc": "CN", "state": "Heilongjiang", "county": "Jiayin", "formation": "Yuliangzi", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jiayin", "collection_name": "Jiayin", "collection_aka": "Belye Kruchi, Longgushan, Longguchan, White Cliffs", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Several bone-bearing horizons have been excavated since the discovery of this site.\"", "geogcomments": "S bank of Amur River, Heilongjiang, 8 km S of Jiayin. Also known as Belyye Kruchi (White Cliffs), R bank of Amur, downstream from mouth of the Ayan R., between villages of Kasatkino and Sagibovo'. Between N bank villages of Sagibovo and Kasatkino, below mouth of Aian River." }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1685921", "collectionId": "238814", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90834", "collectionReferenceId": "90834", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Hutterite Coulee, Warner", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from Hutterite Coulee, near Warner; coordinates based on Hutterite Bay" }, { "genusId": "38572", "genus": "Troodon", "occurrenceId": "1685922", "collectionId": "52991", "identifiedName": "Troodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Troodon", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "90834", "collectionReferenceId": "14287", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Devil's Coulee (general)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Includes all materials not assigned to a sublocality of Devil's Coulee." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "The 2025 primary revision reinstates Troodon as the senior synonym of Stenonychosaurus; 2017 rejected the tooth-based concept, and 2026 primary usage still acknowledges uncertainty. A proposed MOR 553 neotype is not evidence of Commission ratification. Old Asian and Maastrichtian referrals must not be inherited automatically.", "references": [ { "id": "varricchio2025", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "vanderreest2017", "title": "Troodontids from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America", "publicationYear": 2017, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "access": "primary_metadata_and_abstract_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The opposing genus concept is also explicitly discussed in the full 2025 revision. Not claiming full 2017 paper read." }, { "id": "fan2026", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-13", "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400784396_Diet_of_bird-like_troodontid_dinosaurs_synthesis_of_a_contentious_clade", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Troodon discussion", "Diet synthesis", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Diet synthesis and taxonomic usage are not an independent nomenclatural adjudication." }, { "id": "jasinski2026", "title": "Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-08", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411150348_Dinevenator_a_New_Genus_of_Troodontid_Dinosaur_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_New_Mexico", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic comparisons", "Phylogeny" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Uses tentative language for Troodon/Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix synonymies. Separate analytical OTUs do not prove separate valid genera." } ] }, { "rationale": "Approved 2025 Troodon framework. These three specifically named legal guesses share one hidden-answer identity; other troodontids are independent. Original fossil records remain separate.", "references": [ { "id": "varricchio2025", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "vanderreest2017", "title": "Troodontids from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America", "publicationYear": 2017, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "access": "primary_metadata_and_abstract_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The opposing genus concept is also explicitly discussed in the full 2025 revision. Not claiming full 2017 paper read." }, { "id": "fan2026", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-13", "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400784396_Diet_of_bird-like_troodontid_dinosaurs_synthesis_of_a_contentious_clade", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Troodon discussion", "Diet synthesis", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Diet synthesis and taxonomic usage are not an independent nomenclatural adjudication." }, { "id": "jasinski2026", "title": "Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-08", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411150348_Dinevenator_a_New_Genus_of_Troodontid_Dinosaur_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_New_Mexico", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic comparisons", "Phylogeny" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Uses tentative language for Troodon/Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix synonymies. 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Site at border between gully and main road leading to village, covered by \"cultivated fields\" to the S." }, { "genusId": "38778", "genus": "Tsintaosaurus", "occurrenceId": "536217", "collectionId": "55466", "identifiedName": "Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus", "acceptedName": "Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14891", "collectionReferenceId": "14891", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shandong", "county": "Laiyang", "formation": "Jingangkou", "member": "", "geological_group": "Wangshi", "collection_name": "gully southeast of Chingkankou, Laiyang", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "small gully SE of Chingkankou, 20 km S of Laiyang" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Lambeosaurinae", "Tsintaosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "466650", "name": "Tuebingosaurus", "displayName": "Tuebingosaurus", "attribution": "Regalado Fernández and Werneburg 2022", "rawAttribution": "Regalado Fernández and Werneburg 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=466650", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Tuebingosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "466650" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Tuebingosaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Plant dependence is broadly supported by craniodental evolution; feeding specialisation varies and exclusivity is not assumed.", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=466650", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tuebingosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=466650" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "466650", "genus": "Tuebingosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1616704", "collectionId": "22683", "identifiedName": "Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83610", "collectionReferenceId": "26308", "cc": "DE", "state": "Baden-Württemberg", "county": "Freiburg", "formation": "Löwenstein", "member": "", "geological_group": "Keuper", "collection_name": "Trossingen - Obere Mühle (lower)", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1558, Plateosaurus bonebed", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"untere Knochenschicht\" of Knollenmergel, now considered to be the upper part of the Löwenstein Fm. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38549", "name": "Tugulusaurus", "displayName": "Tugulusaurus", "attribution": "Dong 1973", "rawAttribution": "Dong 1973", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38549", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Tugulusaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "66689", "162354", "38549" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Tugulusaurus close-relative bracket with Bannykus and Xiyunykus; no direct meal.", "references": [ { "id": "DE2", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Publisher abstract and public summary read; full body unavailable", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal material directly supports animal consumption in Bannykus; later insect specialization remains a morphological hypothesis.", "webRefs": [ "turn643view3", "turn650view2" ] }, { "id": "DE3", "title": "Growth and miniaturization among alvarezsauroid dinosaurs", "authors": "Qin et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.013", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34233160/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Primary indexed abstract read; complete paper not read", "dietSupport": "Miniaturization and functional morphology suggest a shift toward feeding on social insects, without demonstrating exclusive insect diets.", "webRefs": [ "turn643view2" ] }, { "id": "DE4", "title": "Body size and evolutionary rate analyses reveal complex evolutionary history of Alvarezsauria", "authors": "Meso et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1111/cla.12600", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cla.12600", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Publisher full text; phylogenetic and ecological passages read", "dietSupport": "Places Tugulusaurus near Bannykus and Xiyunykus; Patagonykus and Bonapartenykus in Patagonykinae. Kol is unstable and alternative oviraptorosaur affinity must remain considered; eggs associated with alvarezsaurs do not prove egg eating.", "webRefs": [ "turn654view1", "turn657view6", "turn663view6", "turn671view5" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "relative-inferred", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38549", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tugulusaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38549" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38549", "genus": "Tugulusaurus", "occurrenceId": "487793", "collectionId": "49047", "identifiedName": "Tugulusaurus faciles n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tugulusaurus faciles", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13379", "collectionReferenceId": "13379", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Lianmuqin", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tugulu", "collection_name": "Wuerho, IVPP site 64041", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "Wuerho area" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Alvarezsauria", "Alvarezsauroidea", "Tugulusaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "alvarezsaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Add conventional maniraptoran ancestors; this is chosen game topology, not proof every competing high-level analysis is false.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Alvarezsauria", "clade:Alvarezsauroidea", "genus:38549" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391220", "424533", "391295", "38549", "391218" ], "candidateIds": [ "391220", "424533", "391295", "38549", "391218" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38806", "name": "Tuojiangosaurus", "displayName": "Tuojiangosaurus", "attribution": "Dong et al. 1977", "rawAttribution": "Dong et al. 1977", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38806", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Tuojiangosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "38803", "38806" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38806", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tuojiangosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38806" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38806", "genus": "Tuojiangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "572134", "collectionId": "51914", "identifiedName": "Tuojiangosaurus multispinus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tuojiangosaurus multispinus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17258", "collectionReferenceId": "13842", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Wujiaba Dam Quarry, Zigong", "collection_aka": "Shaheba", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). 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Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. 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Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38791", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tylocephale", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38791" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38791", "genus": "Tylocephale", "occurrenceId": "1341988", "collectionId": "181419", "identifiedName": "Tylocephale gilmorei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tylocephale gilmorei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9908", "collectionReferenceId": "9899", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khulsan, Central Cliffs, site 10 [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, Khu010", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Lower Nemegt Beds\"; \"zone of Djadochtatherium catopsaloides Kielan-Jaworowska, Nemegtbaatar gobiensis Kielan-Jaworowska and Chulsanbaatar vulgaris Kielan-Jaworowska.\"", "geogcomments": "Central Cliffs of Khlusan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Pachycephalosauria", "Pachycephalosauridae", "Tylocephale" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Pachycephalosauria", "clade:Pachycephalosauridae", "genus:38791" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267679", "444047", "38791" ], "candidateIds": [ "267679", "444047", "38791" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "476925", "name": "Tyrannomimus", "displayName": "Tyrannomimus", "attribution": "Hattori et al. 2023", "rawAttribution": "Hattori et al. 2023", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=476925", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Ornithomimosauria", "Deinocheiridae", "Tyrannomimus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "55491", "38550", "476925" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad plant-based or mixed compatibility is defensible for derived forms; Deinocheirus has direct fish evidence. Early toothed forms require wider uncertainty.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G8", "title": "Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1038/nature13874", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13874", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "author-institution abstract and publisher summary read", "dietSupport": "Plant-feeding cranial morphology plus fish gut remains support omnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view2", "turn591search13" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=476925", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tyrannomimus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=476925" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "476925", "genus": "Tyrannomimus", "occurrenceId": "670957", "collectionId": "38020", "identifiedName": "Tyrannomimus fukuiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannomimus fukuiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85757", "collectionReferenceId": "54260", "cc": "JP", "state": "Fukui", "county": "Katsuyama", "formation": "Kitadani", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tetori", "collection_name": "Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry (lower, BB I)", "collection_aka": "Bonebed I, Katsuyama", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Akaiwa Subgroup, lower part of formation *\"Unit C\")\r\n\r\nTsukiji et al. 2018: Kubota (2005) assigned the age of the Kitadani Formation to the Barremian based on the co-occurrence of charophyte gyrogonites: Clavator harrisii var. reyi, Mesochara harrisi, and Mesoshara stipitata. Recently, Sano (2015) suggested that the co-occurrence of these three species indicates the Barre- mianeAptian age of the Kitadani Formation because these species are also reported elsewhere from the Aptian. Recent interpretation of the stratigraphy of the Kitadani Formation is younger than the thick sandstone dominant unit (Unit B of Sano et al., 2008), which is assigned to the BarremianeAptian Akaiwa Formation (Sano and Yabe, 2016). Thus the Kitadani Formation is likely assigned to the Aptian in age.", "geogcomments": "left bank of Sugiyama River in its upper reach, Takinamigawa area,, Katsuyama city, Fukui prefecture." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Ornithomimosauria", "Deinocheiridae", "Tyrannomimus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ornithomimosaur-ancestry", "rationale": "Shallow Theropoda parent bypasses its supported nested coelurosaur ancestors.", "references": [ { "id": "tyrannomimus2023", "title": "New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40804-3", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original text/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Harpymimus + Tyrannomimus recovered within Deinocheiridae. Harpymimus assignment not a simple database error." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Ornithomimosauria", "clade:Deinocheiridae", "genus:476925" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38551", "38548", "66669", "476925" ], "candidateIds": [ "38551", "38548", "66669", "476925" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38613", "name": "Tyrannosaurus", "displayName": "Tyrannosaurus", "attribution": "Osborn 1905", "rawAttribution": "Osborn 1905", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38613", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Tyrannosaurini", "Tyrannosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "38606", "65352", "92294", "38613" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38613", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tyrannosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38613" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "American Museum of Natural History, 7 Questions About Tyrannosaurus rex", "url": "https://www.amnh.org/dinosaurs/tyrannosaurus-rex", "access": "Museum original collection history" }, { "title": "Zanno and Napoli (2025), Nanotyrannus and Tyrannosaurus coexisted at the close of the Cretaceous", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09801-6", "access": "Publisher indexed abstract; has publisher correction10.1038/s41586-026-10185-4" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/tyrannosaurus.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139292", "collectionId": "11917", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4218", "collectionReferenceId": "4205", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Knudsen's Coulee (NMC 9954)", "collection_aka": "East of Huxley", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"upper Edmonton Formation\"; now Scollard; 52 m above base (Kneehills Tuff), 4.3 m above Nevis Seam no. 13 and 13 m below Ardley Seam no. 14 - corrected to 34.5 m above base and 10.5 m below Nevis", "geogcomments": "center of section 10, township 34, range 22, W. 4th meridian; about 10 feet above Kneehills Tuff; 7 miles east of Huxley, AB in Knudsen's Coulee" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "139293", "collectionId": "11918", "identifiedName": "cf. Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4205", "collectionReferenceId": "4205", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Scollard", "member": "", "geological_group": "Edmonton", "collection_name": "East of Huxley (NMC 9550)", "collection_aka": "Huxley T. rex", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation", "geogcomments": "center of section 10, township 34, range 11, W. 4th meridian, about 20 feet below and 200 yards south of NMC 9950 locality, 7 miles east of Huxley, AB" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "220009", "collectionId": "22657", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5721", "collectionReferenceId": "5721", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 91a, Irishman's Coulee", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1531, Bonebed 91a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; 5.6 m above BB 91", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "280101", "collectionId": "26760", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7389", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dragon's Grave bonebed, Hanson Ranch", "collection_aka": "Edmontosaurus bonebed, Dragons' Grave, Roxson, HR", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch, Roxson, WY. Includes five quarries from the same bonebed: North (N), South (S), Southeast (SE), West (W), and Teague (T) plus three exploratory quarries to determine extent: Toe, Neufeld (Neu), and DKC." }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "291021", "collectionId": "14640", "identifiedName": "cf. Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "717", "collectionReferenceId": "717", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Weld", "formation": "Laramie", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ken's Site", "collection_aka": "UCM Loc. 77062; DMNH loc. 3426; UWBM loc. C1099", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "apparently near Crow Creek in \"central Weld County\"\r\nthe site \"spans an area of about 100m2\" (Wilson et al. 2010)" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "401751", "collectionId": "38544", "identifiedName": "Aublysodon molnaris n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10350", "collectionReferenceId": "10351", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LACM 7245, Engdahl Ranch", "collection_aka": "Jordan theropod", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 34, T21N, R36E, Engdahl Ranch (not F. S. McKeever Ranch, as reported in Molnar 1978) Garfield Co., MT" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457806", "collectionId": "45098", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V91007, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -80.16, K-T section 9906, ", "geogcomments": "approx. NW 1/4, sec. 32, R106W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457816", "collectionId": "45099", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V89004, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -81.68, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "approx. NW 1/4, sec. 32, R106W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457841", "collectionId": "14610", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "1984", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "PTRM V92067", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -36.18, K-T seection 9317", "geogcomments": "Little Missouri Badlands" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457862", "collectionId": "45102", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V89003", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -89.40, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "approx. at center of S edge of sec. 24, R105W, T129N" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457881", "collectionId": "45109", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88018, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -14.27, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457902", "collectionId": "45111", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V87012, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -9.85, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457914", "collectionId": "45112", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88017, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -3.17, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457927", "collectionId": "45114", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88020, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -10.00, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457946", "collectionId": "45118", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V88004, Mud Buttes", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -10.61, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "T129N,R105W,sec2, approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457975", "collectionId": "45126", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Bowman", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V92068", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -31.18, K-T section 9317", "geogcomments": "T131N,R105W,sec27, approx. NW 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "457986", "collectionId": "45128", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V92002", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -40.00, K-T seection 9735", "geogcomments": "T134N,R106W,sec24 , approx. SE 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "458111", "collectionId": "45136", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V86003, Pretty Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -35.05, K-T section 9735", "geogcomments": "T134N,R106W,sec35, approx. SW 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "458207", "collectionId": "45138", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V97002, Cannonball Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -13.00, K-T section 9734", "geogcomments": "T134N,R106W,sec5, approx. center N" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "458213", "collectionId": "45141", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V96022, Cannonball Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -4.90, K-T section 9653", "geogcomments": "T135N,R106W,sec32, approx. center" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "458258", "collectionId": "45144", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V86002, East Marmarth", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -29.18, K-T section 86148", "geogcomments": "T133N,R105W,sec17, approx. S center" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "458288", "collectionId": "45145", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V87006, East Marmarth", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -28.00, K-T section 86148", "geogcomments": "T133N,R105W,sec17, approx. center" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "458292", "collectionId": "45146", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V87004, East Marmarth", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -9.00, K-T section 86148", "geogcomments": "T133N,R105W,sec17, approx. center" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "459864", "collectionId": "45299", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V95016, Cannonball Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -8.85, K-T section 9612", "geogcomments": "T135N,R106W,sec33, approx. SW 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "459975", "collectionId": "45312", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V95025, Cannonball Creek", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -8.50, K-T secetion 9612", "geogcomments": "T135N,R106W,sec33, approx. SW 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "460445", "collectionId": "45381", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "PTRM V97024", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -3.40, K-T section 86148", "geogcomments": "T133N,R105W,sec5, approx. NW 1/4" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "460473", "collectionId": "45388", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "PTRM V92029, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -60.00, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "2 miles south of Doaks Butte, ND" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "460480", "collectionId": "45389", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "PTRM V92027, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -67.00, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "2 miles south of Doaks Butte, ND" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "460503", "collectionId": "45390", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11749", "collectionReferenceId": "11749", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "PTRM V92025, Doaks Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "datum -73.00, K-T section 9906", "geogcomments": "2 miles south of Doaks Butte, ND" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "464520", "collectionId": "45878", "identifiedName": "Dynamosaurus imperiosus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9259", "collectionReferenceId": "9259", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Seven Mile Creek (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "L&W locality 30, Locality 17", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sec 14, 15 or 16 (used 15), T40N, R63W; Seven Mile Creek Drainage, 2.6 (not 5 or 6) miles N of Cheyenne River, Niobrara Co. (originally Converse and not Weston Co.), Wyoming" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487164", "collectionId": "48848", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54064", "collectionReferenceId": "54064", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Big Dry Quarry", "collection_aka": "Big Dry Creek, Big Dry West", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "30 m above Fox Hills Sandstone", "geogcomments": "approximate location of Big Dry Post Office, now beneath Ft. Peck reservoir; W side of Big Dry, 44 miles S of Glasgow" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487166", "collectionId": "48847", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "54064", "collectionReferenceId": "54064", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Big Dry East Quarry", "collection_aka": "Willis Ranch, Big Dry Creek", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "80 feet above Fox Hills Sandstone", "geogcomments": "approximate location of Big Dry Post Office, now beneath Ft. Peck reservoir; E side of Big Dry Creek , 8 miles from John Willis Ranch, 25 miles S of Lismas" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "487593", "collectionId": "49005", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "9259", "collectionReferenceId": "9259", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Dawson", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Quarry No. 1, Sieber Ranch (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "Tyrannosaurus rex type, Fort Peck, Hell Creek, Sheba Mountain", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "220 feet above Ft. Pierre in the \"true Laramie\"", "geogcomments": "Sheba Mtn., near camp/buffalo cabin on old Max Sieber Ranch, 130 miles N of Miles City and 16 mi. NW of Jordan, in Dawson Co., MT. Hell Creek" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488363", "collectionId": "14585", "identifiedName": "cf. Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lull 2 Quarry (UCMP V-5620)", "collection_aka": "Lull's Locality 2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lance Creek; *not* the same as Hatcher No. 2. In S side of small canyon near head of a tributary of Buck Creek, 1200 yds N70°E of benchmark N-100." }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490989", "collectionId": "49523", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "55544", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "southwest end, South Table Mountain", "collection_aka": "Loc. 31", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW end of South Table Mtn, 5 miles NE from Golden" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "490995", "collectionId": "49523", "identifiedName": "? Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "55544", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "southwest end, South Table Mountain", "collection_aka": "Loc. 31", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SW end of South Table Mtn, 5 miles NE from Golden" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491014", "collectionId": "49535", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "13266", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south shores, Standley Lake (UCM)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 22", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S shores of Standley Lake" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491021", "collectionId": "49538", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51520", "collectionReferenceId": "51520", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Arapahoe", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Littleton (DMNH Loc. 612)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 36", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "housing development in Littleton, CO" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491030", "collectionId": "49539", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "13266", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Arapahoe", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Oak Place, Westminster (DMNH Loc. 1513)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 20", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "housing development in Westminster, CO" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "491043", "collectionId": "49547", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13266", "collectionReferenceId": "13266", "cc": "US", "state": "Colorado", "county": "Jefferson", "formation": "Denver", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Promontory Pointe (DMNH Loc. 1927)", "collection_aka": "Loc. 21", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "E of Standley Lake" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "519729", "collectionId": "52871", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10608", "collectionReferenceId": "9095", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Alkali Creek (USNM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along Alkali Creek, formerly Converse Co." }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "529533", "collectionId": "54105", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14627", "collectionReferenceId": "14627", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eastend \"Scotty\" site, RSM loc. 72F07-0022", "collection_aka": "Chambery Coulee", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Frenchman River valley, SE of Eastend. Chambery Coulee, on the N side of the valley" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "534501", "collectionId": "55287", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus mcraeensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus mcraeensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "87407", "collectionReferenceId": "6835", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "Sierra", "formation": "Hall Lake", "member": "", "geological_group": "McRae", "collection_name": "Staton-LaPoint locality, NMMNH L-353", "collection_aka": "Elephant Butte, Kettle Top Butte, NMMNH L-343", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "43 m meters the Hall Lake-Jose Creek contact", "geogcomments": "E shore of Elephant Butte Reservoir, 1.1 km N of Kettle Top Butte, 33° 14' 32\"N, 107° 8' 59\"W" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545327", "collectionId": "14538", "identifiedName": "cf. Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "1239", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "False Disciple Point", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-5817", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "545995", "collectionId": "57166", "identifiedName": "cf. Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "803", "collectionReferenceId": "803", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Fish Tooth Hill, UCMP V-5918", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "566954", "collectionId": "48193", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus regina", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82296", "collectionReferenceId": "78884", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "KJ9239 (DMNH 517)", "collection_aka": "Stan T-rex site, KJ9239, 9308", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "-16.2m to Hell Creek-Fort Union contact datum, -16.2m to K-T boundary based on calculations in Johnson (2002)\r\nMarmarth Composite regional section, but no bed given", "geogcomments": "McKenzie Butte 7.5', ca. 8 km NW of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "572946", "collectionId": "55353", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17308", "collectionReferenceId": "14848", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Harley's Baby Triceratops, UCMP V-97006", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "572954", "collectionId": "60172", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17313", "collectionReferenceId": "17313", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zerbst Ranch Tracksite", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "577480", "collectionId": "60766", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17469", "collectionReferenceId": "64603", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Engdahl Ranch (LACM)", "collection_aka": "Jordan", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "approx. T21N, R36E, sec 34, on the L. D. Engdahl Ranch; two adjacent quarries" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "577481", "collectionId": "60766", "identifiedName": "Albertosaurus megagracilis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "10350", "collectionReferenceId": "64603", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Engdahl Ranch (LACM)", "collection_aka": "Jordan", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "approx. T21N, R36E, sec 34, on the L. D. Engdahl Ranch; two adjacent quarries" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "645034", "collectionId": "69624", "identifiedName": "? Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23361", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Fergus", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Willow Creek (CM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Willow Creek, 3 mi E of Nolan Archer Ranch, near Judith River Formation type section" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "646548", "collectionId": "47034", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23444", "collectionReferenceId": "23425", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Corson", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Little Beaver Creek", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Standing Rock Hadrosaur Site", "collection_aka": "Concordia Hadrosaur Site, CHS, SRHS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "in a 470-m long bluff along Grand River in Corson Co., 40 miles SE of Lemmon, SD and S of Morristown" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "690124", "collectionId": "74175", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus imperator", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82296", "collectionReferenceId": "54013", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ruby Site, Haystack Butte", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Haystack Butte, NE Butte County" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "692635", "collectionId": "14674", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2333", "collectionReferenceId": "2333", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chris's Bonebed (CBB)", "collection_aka": "MPM 2256", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "approx 35 m below base of \"Z coal\", high in Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "SW 1/4 of sec 10, T24N, R43E; along Ft. Peck Reservoir, S of Ft. Peck" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "700704", "collectionId": "75284", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93037, Frankbabbaloo", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "700725", "collectionId": "75286", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93032, Theropod Cove", "collection_aka": "UW V-86004", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "702708", "collectionId": "75432", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93007, Oedipus Rex", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "702767", "collectionId": "75446", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "2236", "collectionReferenceId": "2236", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Carbon", "formation": "Ferris", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UW V-93035, Gor-Gor's Revenge", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "said to be Lancian", "geogcomments": "Hanna Basin" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "811348", "collectionId": "88990", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29831", "collectionReferenceId": "29831", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Custer", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Homer Site (BMRP)", "collection_aka": "Homer Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"Homer Site\", 40 km SW of Ekalaka (30 km accordng to map); E margin of Powder River Basin" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1093504", "collectionId": "137722", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42536", "collectionReferenceId": "42536", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope County", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Too Weathered, UCMP loc. V.86097", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-86097", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1093548", "collectionId": "137728", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42536", "collectionReferenceId": "42536", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Slope County", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Sandy Overlook, UCMP loc. V86101", "collection_aka": "UCMP V-86101", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1123288", "collectionId": "142325", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46207", "collectionReferenceId": "46207", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Snyder Creek (CM)", "collection_aka": "Schneider Creek", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on Snyder (= Schneider) Creek, Niobrara Co." }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1125679", "collectionId": "142753", "identifiedName": "? Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46330", "collectionReferenceId": "46330", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Powder River", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "East Fork, Little Powder River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "along the East Fork, Little Powder River (no further data provided)" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1179394", "collectionId": "14526", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48569", "collectionReferenceId": "6201", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Park", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dumbbell Hill, Silver Tip Gulch", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"at the base of the Lance Formation in the Little Polecat Anticline, and is located below the Sage Point and the Rock Bench Quarry.\"", "geogcomments": "Little Polecat Dome/Anticline, Big Horn Basin; Silver Tip Gulch, Park Co.; SW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec 7, T57N, R99W" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1199943", "collectionId": "155214", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82620", "collectionReferenceId": "50612", "cc": "MX", "state": "Sonora", "county": "", "formation": "Lomas Coloradas", "member": "", "geological_group": "Cabullona", "collection_name": "Cabullona Basin, unknown locality", "collection_aka": "Tyrannosaur locality, Naco-Cananea", "geogscale": "basin", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Cabullona Basin, unknown locality" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1210694", "collectionId": "157187", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus regina n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82296", "collectionReferenceId": "51520", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "MOR HC-069, Wankel T-Rex", "collection_aka": "Fort Peck Lake", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "island on S side of Fort Peck Lake, within the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, McCone Co." }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1210695", "collectionId": "157188", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus regina", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82296", "collectionReferenceId": "17477", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Willow Creek", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "T. rex Coulee, Crowsnest Pass", "collection_aka": "Rener's Farms", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "caliche/lower member", "geogcomments": "Corwsnest Pass; sec. 32, T 7 N, R 1 W, 5th meridian. near Cowley, approx. 1.87 km W of the\r\nK-Pg boundary locality, approx. coordinates of the T. rex locality, now known as the “T. rex Coulee,” are 49°36’12.98\"N; 114°5’33.92\"W. Orig. property of Rener's Farms, now Crown Land." }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1210698", "collectionId": "157189", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus imperator n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82296", "collectionReferenceId": "51520", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "\"Sue\" site (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "area of Faith, on the Cheyenne River Indian Reservation (county unclear)" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1237023", "collectionId": "162855", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "53020", "collectionReferenceId": "53020", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "McKeever Ranch, Snow Point (LACM)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "general collections from McKeever Ranch on Snow Point, near Hell Creek" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1253954", "collectionId": "165887", "identifiedName": "cf. Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85976", "collectionReferenceId": "63369", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Teton", "formation": "Harebell", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Big Game Ridge, Yellowstone NP", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "from unit 29; 2300 ft (700 m) above base of formation", "geogcomments": "Big Game Ridge" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1350466", "collectionId": "183109", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "61095", "collectionReferenceId": "61095", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Powder River", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lane's Little Jaw Site", "collection_aka": "LLJS Quarry; LACM 7942", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "upper Hell Creek Formation", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1372226", "collectionId": "38544", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62838", "collectionReferenceId": "10351", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "LACM 7245, Engdahl Ranch", "collection_aka": "Jordan theropod", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "sec 34, T21N, R36E, Engdahl Ranch (not F. S. McKeever Ranch, as reported in Molnar 1978) Garfield Co., MT" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1380744", "collectionId": "189003", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63480", "collectionReferenceId": "63480", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ninja Turtle locality", "collection_aka": "Ekalaka", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ninja Turtle locality is located in T1N, R55E near the town of Ekalaka, Carter County, southeastern Montana" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1391207", "collectionId": "62533", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46330", "collectionReferenceId": "46330", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Fruitland/Kirtland", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Coal Creek [USGS]", "collection_aka": "Ojo Alamo", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "formation not named", "geogcomments": "near head of Coal Creek, 1 mi SE of Ojo Alamo Store" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1409260", "collectionId": "14537", "identifiedName": "cf. Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry, SDSM loc. V637", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1409290", "collectionId": "192251", "identifiedName": "cf. Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66164", "collectionReferenceId": "66164", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Eureka Quarry anthills", "collection_aka": "SDSM V638, V639, V640, V644, V645, V646", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "14 mi. SW of Buffalo, near top of Jump Off Bluffs, ca. 100 ft. downslope of Eureka Quarry" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1584409", "collectionId": "223934", "identifiedName": "? Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82296", "collectionReferenceId": "78884", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Harding", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Duffy T-rex site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "ca. 8 km NW of Buffalo" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1584410", "collectionId": "223935", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus regina", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "82296", "collectionReferenceId": "78886", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "McCone", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Peck's Rex site (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "Fort Peck Lake, Walton", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "former Walton Ranch, east of Fort Peck Lake" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1588479", "collectionId": "224484", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80625", "collectionReferenceId": "81555", "cc": "US", "state": "South Dakota", "county": "Butte", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Tooth Draw Quarry (TD), Deer's Ears Butte", "collection_aka": "Tooth Draw West, TDW, Tooth Draw Site B, Becca's Tooth Draw", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"it was determined that the Tooth Draw Quarry (TD) is approximately, 58 meters below the suspected K-Pg boundary. This places it somewhere in the lower middle of the Hell Creek Formation, equivalent to the lower “Marmath Member” of Frye, (1969) or at the base of the informally named “JenRex Sandstone”, “East Ried Coulee Unit”, as per the lectostratatype section by Hartman et. al (2014).\"\r\n- Single major bonebed with several subunits (Horizons A through E)", "geogcomments": "original Tooth Draw Quarry extended/correlated with nearby exposures: Tooth Draw West (TDW) and Tooth Draw Site B (= Becca's Tooth Draw); in Deer's Ears Butte area\r\n- Coordinates provided in Fig. 20." }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1599636", "collectionId": "226054", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81886", "collectionReferenceId": "81886", "cc": "US", "state": "Wyoming", "county": "Niobrara", "formation": "Lance", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "\"Kevin\" site (PROXY)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on the Hanson Ranch near Lusk, WY" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1604949", "collectionId": "225845", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81806", "collectionReferenceId": "81806", "cc": "CA", "state": "Saskatchewan", "county": "", "formation": "Frenchman", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "RSM site number 28769 (\"Site B\")", "collection_aka": "Grasslands National Park, East Block", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "RSM P3328.2 was recovered on ranch land near the East Block of Grasslands National Park (GNP), in sediment representing the uppermost Maastrichtian Frenchman Formation, Frenchman Formation, “Site B” (RSM site number 28769), just outside Grasslands National Park East Block (full locality details and GPS coordinates available to researchers through RSM)." }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1625433", "collectionId": "227186", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "31715", "collectionReferenceId": "82649", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "Naashoibito", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "NMMNH L-3335 [PROXY]", "collection_aka": "UNM V-066, TL 78-001", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1633241", "collectionId": "231466", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85695", "collectionReferenceId": "85695", "cc": "US", "state": "North Dakota", "county": "Emmons", "formation": "Fox Hills", "member": "Timber Lake", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "UND loc. RF132-79-1", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "location estimated as approx. sec. 2, T132N, R79W" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1688887", "collectionId": "239512", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "91309", "collectionReferenceId": "91309", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Carter", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Powder River Basin (unspecific)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\" Hell Creek Formation, latest Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous\" - Thomas et al. (2025)", "geogcomments": "\"Powder River Basin, northwestern Carter County, Montana, U.S.A. Exact coordinates for the location are on file in the paleontology collections at the Burpee Museum of Natural History\" - Thomas et al. (2025)" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "occurrenceId": "2069689", "collectionId": "279858", "identifiedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "acceptedName": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "95670", "collectionReferenceId": "95670", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Garfield County", "formation": "Hell Creek", "member": "", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Naturalis T. rex locality", "collection_aka": "Murray Ranch", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "\"East Pasture\" on the Murray Ranch, ca. 8 km E of the \"Dueling Dinosaurs\" locality" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-29", "formation": "Hell Creek" }, { "genusId": "38613", "genus": "Tyrannosaurus", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-30", "formation": "Hell Creek" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Tyrannosauridae", "Tyrannosaurinae", "Tyrannosaurini", "Tyrannosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "clade:Tyrannosauridae", "clade:Tyrannosaurinae", "clade:Tyrannosaurini", "genus:38613" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38613" ], "candidateIds": [ "38613" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "77207", "name": "Tyrannotitan", "displayName": "Tyrannotitan", "attribution": "Novas et al. 2005", "rawAttribution": "Novas et al. 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=77207", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Carcharodontosaurinae", "Giganotosaurini", "Tyrannotitan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "64112", "65363", "161118", "287285", "77207" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=77207", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Tyrannotitan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=77207" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "77207", "genus": "Tyrannotitan", "occurrenceId": "401688", "collectionId": "38529", "identifiedName": "Tyrannotitan chubutensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannotitan chubutensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17101", "collectionReferenceId": "10337", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "", "formation": "Cerro Barcino", "member": "Cerro Castaño", "geological_group": "Chubut", "collection_name": "La Juanita Estancia, Pablo site", "collection_aka": "Cerro Barcino", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ages are found Krause et al. 2020 and Carballido et al. 2017. The contact zones between Puesto La Paloma and Cerros Castaño is approximately Aptian-Early Albian at ~118.5-110.8 Ma.", "geogcomments": "‘La Juanita’ farm, 28 km north-west of Paso de Indios town" }, { "genusId": "77207", "genus": "Tyrannotitan", "occurrenceId": "401690", "collectionId": "38531", "identifiedName": "cf. Tyrannotitan sp.", "acceptedName": "Tyrannotitan", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41617", "collectionReferenceId": "10337", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "", "formation": "Cerro Barcino", "member": "Cerro Castaño", "geological_group": "Chubut", "collection_name": "Leaellyn's Site #3, Cerro Barcino", "collection_aka": "Chubut Locality 1997-11", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ages are found Krause et al. 2020 and Carballido et al. 2017. 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The contact zones between Puesto La Paloma and Cerros Castaño is approximately Aptian-Early Albian at ~118.5-110.8 Ma.", "geogcomments": "‘La Juanita’ farm, 28 km north-west of Paso de Indios town" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Carcharodontosaurinae", "Giganotosaurini", "Tyrannotitan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Carcharodontosauridae", "clade:Carcharodontosaurinae", "clade:Giganotosaurini", "genus:77207" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "462127", "77207" ], "candidateIds": [ "462127", "77207" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "130181", "name": "Uberabatitan", "displayName": "Uberabatitan", "attribution": "Salgado and Carvalho 2008", "rawAttribution": "Salgado and Carvalho 2008", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=130181", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Colossosauria", "Rinconsauria", "Uberabatitan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "389116", "122470", "130181" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=444000", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Ulughbegsaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=444000" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "444000", "genus": "Ulughbegsaurus", "occurrenceId": "1269304", "collectionId": "140570", "identifiedName": "Ulughbegsaurus uzbekistanensis", "acceptedName": "Ulughbegsaurus uzbekistanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78570", "collectionReferenceId": "53745", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "CBI-15, Dzharakuduk II", "collection_aka": "Dzarakuduk, Dzhyrakuduk", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dzhyrakuduk (Dzharakuduk), near Bukhara, central Kyzylkum Desert" }, { "genusId": "444000", "genus": "Ulughbegsaurus", "occurrenceId": "1581322", "collectionId": "93204", "identifiedName": "Ulughbegsaurus uzbekistanensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Ulughbegsaurus uzbekistanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "78570", "collectionReferenceId": "31496", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Bissekty", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dzharakuduk (general)", "collection_aka": "Amtosaurus archibaldi holotype", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "'Lower part of Taikarshin Beds' of Nessov (1988)", "geogcomments": "Dzhyrakuduk (Dzharakuduk), near Bukhara, central Kyzylkum Desert, 50 km W of Bukantau. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "62958", "name": "Unaysaurus", "displayName": "Unaysaurus", "attribution": "Leal et al. 2004", "rawAttribution": "Leal et al. 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=62958", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Plateosauridae", "Unaysaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "54157", "62958" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Genus included in published craniodental comparisons; broad plant dependence is supported.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Plateosauridae › Unaysaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D2", "title": "Skull remains of the dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil): With comments on the early evolution of sauropodomorph feeding behaviour", "authors": "Bronzati, Müller and Langer", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; cranial description and feeding discussion read", "dietSupport": "Saturnalia retained predatory capability. Early sauropodomorph diets varied; Bagualosaurus shows an earlier shift towards greater plant consumption. Provides craniodental comparisons of multiple later plant-adapted genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn459view0", "turn465view3" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=62958", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Unaysaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=62958" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "62958", "genus": "Unaysaurus", "occurrenceId": "461293", "collectionId": "45513", "identifiedName": "Unaysaurus tolentinoi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Unaysaurus tolentinoi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11929", "collectionReferenceId": "13838", "cc": "BR", "state": "Rio Grande do Sul", "county": "", "formation": "Caturrita", "member": "", "geological_group": "Rosário do Sul", "collection_name": "Água Negra", "collection_aka": "Unaysaurus type site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper layers of the Santa Maria 2 Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence, corresponding lithostratigraphically to the Caturrita Formation. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65421", "name": "Unenlagia", "displayName": "Unenlagia", "attribution": "Novas and Puerta 1997", "rawAttribution": "Novas and Puerta 1997", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65421", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Unenlagiinae", "Unenlagia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "68206", "65421" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65421", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Unenlagia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65421" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65421", "genus": "Unenlagia", "occurrenceId": "489973", "collectionId": "49415", "identifiedName": "Unenlagia paynemili n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Unenlagia paynemili", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13199", "collectionReferenceId": "24873", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Portezuelo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Futalognko Quarry, Costa Dinosaurio [MUCP]", "collection_aka": "Proyecto Dino, Lago Barreales, CePaLB", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "single 0.5-m thick bed\r\n\r\n\"The deposits belong either the upper part of the Portezuelo Formation or the middle portion of the Sierra Barrosa Formation, which are Upper Turonian to Lower Coniacian in age\" (Kellner et al. 2023)", "geogcomments": "90-95 km NW of Neuquén, N coast of Lago Barreales" }, { "genusId": "65421", "genus": "Unenlagia", "occurrenceId": "534263", "collectionId": "55272", "identifiedName": "Unenlagia comahuensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Unenlagia comahuensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13200", "collectionReferenceId": "14755", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Portezuelo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Unenlagia type, Sierra del Portezuelo [MCF]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Sierra del Portezuelo, Neuquén province; locality not described with any further details." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Unenlagiinae", "Unenlagia" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Unenlagiinae", "genus:65421" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "138547", "68201", "492469", "64530", "65421", "444041" ], "candidateIds": [ "64530", "65421" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "portezuelo" ], "label": "Portezuelo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "534263", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Neuquenraptor", "Unenlagia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroraptor", "Buitreraptor", "Diuqin", "Ypupiara" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Neuquenraptor": [ "482022", "1555682" ], "Unenlagia": [ "489973", "534263" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "64530", "65421" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "228689", "name": "Unescoceratops", "displayName": "Unescoceratops", "attribution": "Ryan et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Ryan et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=228689", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Leptoceratopsidae", "Unescoceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "52774", "90273", "228689" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=228689", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Unescoceratops", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=228689" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "228689", "genus": "Unescoceratops", "occurrenceId": "572962", "collectionId": "60173", "identifiedName": "Unescoceratops koppelhusae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Unescoceratops koppelhusae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "40783", "collectionReferenceId": "85697", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 55", "collection_aka": "Bonebed 55", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "approx. 40 m above the contact with the Oldman Formation, middle of Dinosaur Park Fm.", "geogcomments": "UTM = 459530 E, 5629360 N, grid 12" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Leptoceratopsidae", "Unescoceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Marginocephalia", "clade:Ceratopsia", "clade:Neoceratopsia", "clade:Leptoceratopsidae", "genus:228689" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "228689" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "dinosaur park" ], "label": "Dinosaur Park Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "572962", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Unescoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cerasinops", "Ferrisaurus", "Gremlin", "Gryphoceratops", "Leptoceratops", "Montanoceratops", "Prenoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Unescoceratops": [ "572962" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "228689" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "58907", "name": "Unquillosaurus", "displayName": "Unquillosaurus", "attribution": "Powell 1979", "rawAttribution": "Powell 1979", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58907", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Unquillosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "64112", "65363", "58907" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58907", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Unquillosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=58907" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "58907", "genus": "Unquillosaurus", "occurrenceId": "460036", "collectionId": "13209", "identifiedName": "Unquillosaurus ceibalii n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Unquillosaurus ceibalii", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "11803", "collectionReferenceId": "4386", "cc": "AR", "state": "Salta", "county": "Candelaria", "formation": "Los Blanquitos", "member": "", "geological_group": "Salta", "collection_name": "Arroyo El Morterito (PVL)", "collection_aka": "El Ceibal, Potrero del Nogalito", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "details of several local stratigraphic sections given for correlative purposes. Pirgua Subgroup, upper section of formation. Earlier suggestions for age included Maastrichtian, but overlying Lecho Fm is now considered ?Campanian-Early Maastrichtian.", "geogcomments": "5 km from El Ceibal, Candelaria department, Salta province, within the property of Don Fidel Leal and in the vicinity of (R side of) the Arroyo El Morterito. Coordinates are for El Ceibal. At the foot of the Sierra de Candelaria or Castillejo (also described as 10 km SE of El Ceibal), on the Potrero del Nogalito (Leal family ranch)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Carcharodontosauridae", "Unquillosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Allosauroidea", "clade:Carcharodontosauridae", "genus:58907" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38597", "38576", "54540", "440804", "77205", "345410", "58907" ], "candidateIds": [ "58907" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "los blanquitos" ], "label": "Los Blanquitos Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "460036", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Unquillosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acrocanthosaurus", "Carcharodontosaurus", "Giganotosaurus", "Lajasvenator", "Mapusaurus", "Taurovenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Unquillosaurus": [ "460036" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "58907" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "522812", "name": "Uragasaurus", "displayName": "Uragasaurus", "attribution": "Nilpanapan et al. 2026", "rawAttribution": "Nilpanapan et al. 2026", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=522812", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Uragasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "53026", "522812" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous", "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=522812", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Uragasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=522812" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "522812", "genus": "Uragasaurus", "occurrenceId": "2068252", "collectionId": "157421", "identifiedName": "Uragasaurus kalasinensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Uragasaurus kalasinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "95287", "collectionReferenceId": "51795", "cc": "TH", "state": "Kalasin", "county": "Kham Muang", "formation": "Phu Kradung", "member": "", "geological_group": "Khorat", "collection_name": "Phu Noi [Phu Kradung Formation], PNB layer", "collection_aka": "Kalasin Geopark", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Stratigraphically, the locality is in the lower part of the Phu Kradung Formation, which is the oldest formation of the Khorat Group. Three fossiliferous layers are recognized at the Phu Noi locality; the material described in the present work comes from a series of siltstones and mudstones of the palaeochannel, referred to as PNB by Cuny et al. (2013), approximately 10 m above the basal conglomeratic sandstone. Stratigraphically, Phu Noi is approximately 500 m below all the localities that yielded the large Basilochelys turtles (Kham Phok, Dan Luang, Huai Sai and Dan Kaeng; Tong et al. 2009a); the four sites mentioned above are situated closer to the boundary with the overlying Phra Wihan Formation (Cuny et al. 2013). The age of the Phu Kradung Formation is still debated. The studies on dinosaur remains suggested a Late Jurassic age (Buffetaut, Suteethorn & Tong, 2006; Buffetaut & Suteethorn, 2007), while the recent studies on palynology supported a basal Cretaceous age for that formation, although a latest Jurassic age cannot be ruled out for its lowermost part (Racey & Goodall, 2009).", "geogcomments": "The Phu Noi locality is located on the flank of a small hill near the village (Ban) Dinji [Ban Din Chi], Kham Muang District, Kalasin Province. Within the Kalasin Geopark." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Uragasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Mamenchisauridae", "genus:522812" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "522812" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "TH", "kalasin", "kham muang" ], "label": "Kham Muang · Kalasin · TH", "occurrenceId": "2068252", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Uragasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Uragasaurus": [ "2068252" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "522812" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "96667", "name": "Urbacodon", "displayName": "Urbacodon", "attribution": "Averianov and Sues 2007", "rawAttribution": "Averianov and Sues 2007", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=96667", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Urbacodon" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "379275", "96667" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=96667", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "96667", "genus": "Urbacodon", "occurrenceId": "651204", "collectionId": "70426", "identifiedName": "Urbacodon itemirensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Urbacodon itemirensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "23626", "collectionReferenceId": "23626", "cc": "UZ", "state": "Navoi", "county": "", "formation": "Dzharakuduk", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "IT-01, Itemir (URBAC)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Itemir locality, 37 km SW of Mynbulak settlement, Itemir-Dzharakuduk Depression, central Kyzulkum Desert, Navoi Viloyat" }, { "genusId": "96667", "genus": "Urbacodon", "occurrenceId": "1485096", "collectionId": "39680", "identifiedName": "cf. Urbacodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Urbacodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71017", "collectionReferenceId": "68327", "cc": "RU", "state": "Kemerovo", "county": "Chebulinsky", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shestakovo-1", "collection_aka": "LMCCE 004", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Ilekskaya Suite\"\r\n\r\nRecently the fossiliferous level at Shestakovo 1 locality has been dated as Aptian by pollen (Bugdaeva et al., 2017).", "geogcomments": "Shestakovo-1 locality, Kemerovo region, western Siberia, Kuznetsk Basin, Chebula district, about 40 km S of Mariinsk city; right bluff/precipice of Kiya (Kie) River, a right tributary of Chulym River, 1.5 km downstream from Shestakovo" }, { "genusId": "96667", "genus": "Urbacodon", "occurrenceId": "1485101", "collectionId": "167303", "identifiedName": "cf. Urbacodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Urbacodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71017", "collectionReferenceId": "54584", "cc": "RU", "state": "Kemerovo", "county": "Tisulsky", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ust' Kolba quarry", "collection_aka": "LMCCE 001, UKo, Ust'-Kolba", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Age of Ilek Formation is poorly constrained but is currently believed to be Barremian-Aptian (see Averianov et al. 2018). The fossiliferous layer at Shestakovo 1 locality was dated to Aptian (Bugadeva et al. 2017). The overlying Kiya Formation has been assigned Albian age based on plant remains (Golovneva and Shchepetov 2010). ", "geogcomments": "small quarry on the left bank of the Serta River near the Ust’-Kolba settlement, ~2 km upstream from the mouth of the river (Tisul’ District, Kemerovo Province)" }, { "genusId": "96667", "genus": "Urbacodon", "occurrenceId": "1485144", "collectionId": "206603", "identifiedName": "cf. Urbacodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Urbacodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71017", "collectionReferenceId": "53957", "cc": "RU", "state": "Krasnoyarsk", "county": "", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": " Bol'shoi Terekhtyul' 4", "collection_aka": "BT-4", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Layer 2 of section", "geogcomments": "R bank of Bol'shoi Terekhtyul’ River, downstream from abandoned village of Alekseevka, Chulym River Basin, Krasnoyarsk Territory, W Siberia. N 56° 37.33' , E 91° 59.22'" }, { "genusId": "96667", "genus": "Urbacodon", "occurrenceId": "1485148", "collectionId": "206601", "identifiedName": "cf. Urbacodon sp.", "acceptedName": "Urbacodon", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "71017", "collectionReferenceId": "53957", "cc": "RU", "state": "Krasnoyarsk", "county": "", "formation": "Ilek", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": " Bol'shoi Terekhtyul' 2", "collection_aka": "BT-2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Layer 2 of section", "geogcomments": "R bank of Bol'shoi Terekhtyul’ River, downstream from abandoned village of Alekseevka, Chulym River Basin, Krasnoyarsk Territory, W Siberia. N 56° 38.15' , E 91° 59.21' " }, { "genusId": "96667", "genus": "Urbacodon", "occurrenceId": "1660048", "collectionId": "235635", "identifiedName": "Urbacodon norelli n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Urbacodon norelli", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "88900", "collectionReferenceId": "88900", "cc": "CN", "state": "Inner Mongolia", "county": "", "formation": "Iren Dabasu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Iren Nor, 25 km NE Erenhot", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Iren Dabasu Formation is Middle–Late Campanian according to Xing et al. 2012.", "geogcomments": "\"Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Iren Dabasu Formation, China-Soviet Union joint expedition locality [east to the Iren Nor (the present-day Erlian Salty Lake)], which is located approximately 25 km northeast of the city of Erenhot, Inner Mongolia, China\"." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Urbacodon" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Troodontinae", "genus:96667" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "candidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "505037", "name": "Uriash", "displayName": "Uriash", "attribution": "Díez Díaz et al. 2025", "rawAttribution": "Díez Díaz et al. 2025", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=505037", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Uriash" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "55585", "71974", "505037" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=505037", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Uriash", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=505037" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "505037", "genus": "Uriash", "occurrenceId": "1553409", "collectionId": "163320", "identifiedName": "Uriash kadici n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Uriash kadici", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "91282", "collectionReferenceId": "53166", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Site VI, Pareu Buduron, Valióra", "collection_aka": "Valioara, Budurone; Vălioara; Valiora; Pârâul Budurone; Ciula Mică, Budurone-Kadic", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "Pareu buduron (Budurone Creek), Site VI, at fork in valley. R side of Valiora, below the church. Also listed (Csiki et al., 2010) as \"Vălioara, Budurone Creek, left branch\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Lithostrotia", "Uriash" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "clade:Lithostrotia", "genus:505037" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "505037" ], "candidateIds": [ "505037" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "243363", "name": "Utahceratops", "displayName": "Utahceratops", "attribution": "Sampson et al. 2010", "rawAttribution": "Sampson et al. 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=243363", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Utahceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "52773", "243363" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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(2010), New Horned Dinosaurs from Utah Provide Evidence for Intracontinental Dinosaur Endemism", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0012292", "access": "Full article reviewed" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "243363", "genus": "Utahceratops", "occurrenceId": "646263", "collectionId": "69799", "identifiedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "acceptedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85396", "collectionReferenceId": "23422", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "The Blues Ceratopsian Quarry (UMNH VP Loc. 145)", "collection_aka": "GS-ENM", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "320 m above base of formation", "geogcomments": "near \"The Blues\", Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument" }, { "genusId": "243363", "genus": "Utahceratops", "occurrenceId": "882005", "collectionId": "97800", "identifiedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "acceptedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85396", "collectionReferenceId": "33796", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UMNH VP Loc. 277", "collection_aka": "227, GS-ENM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "listed on map as Loc 227" }, { "genusId": "243363", "genus": "Utahceratops", "occurrenceId": "882006", "collectionId": "97801", "identifiedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "acceptedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85396", "collectionReferenceId": "33796", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UMNH VP Loc. 662", "collection_aka": "GS-ENM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of middle member", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "243363", "genus": "Utahceratops", "occurrenceId": "882007", "collectionId": "97802", "identifiedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "acceptedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85396", "collectionReferenceId": "33796", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Blue Wash Ceratopsian Bonebed (UMNH VP Loc. 942)", "collection_aka": "GS-ENM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Blue Wash, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument" }, { "genusId": "243363", "genus": "Utahceratops", "occurrenceId": "882010", "collectionId": "97805", "identifiedName": "? Utahceratops gettyi", "acceptedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86073", "collectionReferenceId": "33796", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UMNH VP Loc. 512", "collection_aka": "GS-ENM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument" }, { "genusId": "243363", "genus": "Utahceratops", "occurrenceId": "882012", "collectionId": "97808", "identifiedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "acceptedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85396", "collectionReferenceId": "33796", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UMNH VP Loc. 684", "collection_aka": "GS-ENM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument" }, { "genusId": "243363", "genus": "Utahceratops", "occurrenceId": "882013", "collectionId": "97809", "identifiedName": "Utahceratops gettyi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42508", "collectionReferenceId": "33796", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UMNH VP Loc. 960", "collection_aka": "GS-ENM, Utahceratops type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle unit", "geogcomments": "Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument" }, { "genusId": "243363", "genus": "Utahceratops", "occurrenceId": "882014", "collectionId": "97810", "identifiedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "acceptedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "86073", "collectionReferenceId": "33796", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UMNH VP Loc. 945", "collection_aka": "GS-ENM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument" }, { "genusId": "243363", "genus": "Utahceratops", "occurrenceId": "882016", "collectionId": "97811", "identifiedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "acceptedName": "Utahceratops gettyi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "85396", "collectionReferenceId": "33796", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Kane", "formation": "Kaiparowits", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "UMNH VP Loc. 450", "collection_aka": "GS-ENM", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle member of formation, below 75.96 Ma date", "geogcomments": "Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument" }, { "genusId": "243363", "genus": "Utahceratops", "cc": "US", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-1", "formation": "Kaiparowits" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Neoceratopsia", "Coronosauria", "Ceratopsoidea", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Utahceratops" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "ceratopsid-ancestry", "rationale": "Source Ceratopsidae branch bypasses Neoceratopsia and relatives.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; 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conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "54557", "name": "Utahraptor", "displayName": "Utahraptor", "attribution": "Kirkland et al. 1993", "rawAttribution": "Kirkland et al. 1993", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54557", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Utahraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "143994", "54557" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54557", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Utahraptor", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54557" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current prototype lineage and clues", "url": "lineage-ledger.html" }, { "title": "Preserved museum profile", "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/utahraptor.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "54557", "genus": "Utahraptor", "occurrenceId": "284147", "collectionId": "27017", "identifiedName": "Utahraptor ostrommaysi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Utahraptor ostrommaysi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7471", "collectionReferenceId": "7471", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Robert Gaston Quarry (CEU 91-1)", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. 42Gr184V, Yellow Cat Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper portion of member, ~6.5 m below Poison Strip Member and ~17.5 m above Morrison Fm. contact\r\n\r\nDetrital zircons from the quarry and adjacent, lateral equivalents provide a maximum depositional age of 125 Ma, indicating the horizon is no older than early Albian (Eberth et al., 2006), but more recent work indicates that the upper part of the Yellow Cat Member is Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "Galton Quarry, just N of Arches National Park, Utah. Located west of Yellow Cat road, NE 1/4, SE 1/4, NE 1/4, SW 1/4, section 35, T22S, R21E on the Molle Hogans." }, { "genusId": "54557", "genus": "Utahraptor", "occurrenceId": "284613", "collectionId": "27025", "identifiedName": "Utahraptor ostrommaysi", "acceptedName": "Utahraptor ostrommaysi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14740", "collectionReferenceId": "25577", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Dalton Wells Quarry, BYU Loc. 7510", "collection_aka": "State of Utah Loc. 42Gr001V, Utahraptor State Park", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "stacked succession of 4 bonebeds below footprint level, and approx. 2 m above base of member in this area\r\n\r\nDetrital zircons from the quarry and adjacent, lateral equivalents provide a maximum depositional age of 125 Ma, indicating the horizon is no older than early Albian (Eberth et al., 2006), but more recent work indicates that the upper part of the Yellow Cat Member is Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "3.22 km N of Arches National Park boundary, 1.2 km E of Dalton Well, S of US 60 in section 22, T24S, R20E, Grand Co., SE Utah. Now part of Utahraptor State Park" }, { "genusId": "54557", "genus": "Utahraptor", "occurrenceId": "1576784", "collectionId": "24894", "identifiedName": "Utahraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Utahraptor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81455", "collectionReferenceId": "81455", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Grand", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Stikes Quarry", "collection_aka": "Utahraptor Ridge, Stike's Quarry", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member\r\n\r\nThe age of the base of the YCM is unknown and estimates range from Berrisian to early Aptian. Britt et al. 2007 suggested a maximum depositional age for the YCM of ~124Ma, but Sames et al. 2010 suggested on the basis of ostracod biostratigraphy the YCM may be as old as Late Berrisian. Hendrix et al. 2015 and Joeckel et al. 2019 supported this with U-Pb dates from detrital zircons, the latter study suggested that the upper YCM is Valanginian. At any rate, the age of the overlying Poison strip member was dated at its base to 119.4Ma, so the YCM is older than this.", "geogcomments": "Stike's Quarry, along Utahraptor Ridge" }, { "genusId": "54557", "genus": "Utahraptor", "occurrenceId": "1700377", "collectionId": "240930", "identifiedName": "Utahraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Utahraptor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "92218", "collectionReferenceId": "92218", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "Wayne", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Blane II quarry", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of member", "geogcomments": "along Cow Dung Road, near Hanksville" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Utahraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Eudromaeosauria", "genus:54557" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38562", "54557" ], "candidateIds": [ "38562", "54557" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "215082", "name": "Vagaceratops", "displayName": "Vagaceratops", "attribution": "Sampson 2010", "rawAttribution": "Sampson 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=215082", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Marginocephalia", "Ceratopsia", "Ceratopsidae", "Chasmosaurinae", "Vagaceratops" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "52814", "38842", "38851", "52773", "215082" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Broad period only. LateCretaceous Retain distinctPBDBgenus; 2026reviewreportsgenericreassignmentgenerallyaccepted despite2019opinion.; No strictupperDinosaurPark-only temporalclue:2019extends diagnosedirvinensis range.; YPM2016 andAMNH5402 are irvinensis-likeChasmosaurus, notautomaticformalVagaceratops referrals.; Do notdoublecount specimensas evidencefor twogenera; keep sourceUS/Oldman/JudithRiverrows qualifieduntilexactmaterialmapped.", "references": [ { "title": "Campbell et al. (2019), Temporal range extension and evolution of the chasmosaurine ceratopsid Vagaceratops irvinensis", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.18435/vamp29356", "url": "https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/vamp/index.php/VAMP/article/view/29356", "access": "Preserved complete primary PDF/text inspected; generic synonymy and specimens41357,1987.045.0001,YPM2016" }, { "title": "Holmes, Mallon, Ryan & Evans (2026), New information on the holotype of Chasmosaurus russelli necessitates the establishment of a new genus", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "mirror": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_n/2026/new-information-on-the-holotype-of-chasmosaurus-russelli.pdf", "access": "Full original20-page primary PDF read; diagnosis,typequarry,CMNFV8801 exclusion,2026discussion of Vagaceratops. Internal referredspecimen number typo018vs019 recorded" }, { "title": "Campbell et al. (2016), A Re-Evaluation of the Chasmosaurine Ceratopsid Genus Chasmosaurus", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0145805", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0145805", "access": "Full primary publisher text read; Comments on Kosmoceratops, Chasmosaurus sp. distribution" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "literature", "rationale": "Positive source and literature localities, including qualified historical alternatives. Retain distinctPBDBgenus; 2026reviewreportsgenericreassignmentgenerallyaccepted despite2019opinion.; No strictupperDinosaurPark-only temporalclue:2019extends diagnosedirvinensis range.; YPM2016 andAMNH5402 are irvinensis-likeChasmosaurus, notautomaticformalVagaceratops referrals.; Do notdoublecount specimensas evidencefor twogenera; keep sourceUS/Oldman/JudithRiverrows qualifieduntilexactmaterialmapped.", "references": [ { "title": "Campbell et al. (2019), Temporal range extension and evolution of the chasmosaurine ceratopsid Vagaceratops irvinensis", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.18435/vamp29356", "url": "https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/vamp/index.php/VAMP/article/view/29356", "access": "Preserved complete primary PDF/text inspected; generic synonymy and specimens41357,1987.045.0001,YPM2016" }, { "title": "Holmes, Mallon, Ryan & Evans (2026), New information on the holotype of Chasmosaurus russelli necessitates the establishment of a new genus", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "mirror": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_n/2026/new-information-on-the-holotype-of-chasmosaurus-russelli.pdf", "access": "Full original20-page primary PDF read; diagnosis,typequarry,CMNFV8801 exclusion,2026discussion of Vagaceratops. Internal referredspecimen number typo018vs019 recorded" }, { "title": "Campbell et al. (2016), A Re-Evaluation of the Chasmosaurine Ceratopsid Genus Chasmosaurus", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0145805", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0145805", "access": "Full primary publisher text read; Comments on Kosmoceratops, Chasmosaurus sp. distribution" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "215082", "genus": "Vagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "256534", "collectionId": "24891", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus irvinensis n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Vagaceratops irvinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6978", "collectionReferenceId": "62727", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Southwest of Irvine (NMC)", "collection_aka": "C. irvinensis type site", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper Dinosaur Park Formation, within 2 m of Lethbridge Coal Zone (top of Fm.)", "geogcomments": "4.2 km SW of Irvine, Alberta. NE1/4, sec 23, T11, R3 W of 4th meridian. Coordinates for town." }, { "genusId": "215082", "genus": "Vagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "256539", "collectionId": "24893", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus irvinensis", "acceptedName": "Vagaceratops irvinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6978", "collectionReferenceId": "14101", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Northwest of Iddesleigh (RTMP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation, within 20 m of Lethbridge Coal Zone (top of Fm.)", "geogcomments": "4.8 km NW of Iddesleigh, Alberta." }, { "genusId": "215082", "genus": "Vagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "504695", "collectionId": "51317", "identifiedName": "Pentaceratops aquilonius n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Vagaceratops irvinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59189", "collectionReferenceId": "13670", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "NMC Loc. P-3706, Milk River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "12 ft above light gray sandstone bed (3.7 m above a sandstone near the top of the Dinosaur Park Formation)", "geogcomments": "LSD 14, sec 24, T2, R4, W 4th meridian; sectional map 16, Milk River, Alberta, 22 mi (35 km) SE of Manyberries" }, { "genusId": "215082", "genus": "Vagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "504696", "collectionId": "51318", "identifiedName": "Pentaceratops aquilonius", "acceptedName": "Vagaceratops irvinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59189", "collectionReferenceId": "13670", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Oldman", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "NMC Loc. P-3705, Milk River", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "line between sections 10 & 15, just E of quarter-section post in T3, R5, W 4th meridian; 14 mi SSE of Manyberries, 10 mi NE of NMC Loc. P-3706" }, { "genusId": "215082", "genus": "Vagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "796338", "collectionId": "86515", "identifiedName": "Chasmosaurus irvinensis", "acceptedName": "Vagaceratops irvinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "6978", "collectionReferenceId": "6978", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "Onefour [Dinosaur Park]", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper part of formation, within 20 m of Lethbridge Coal Zone (top of Fm.)", "geogcomments": "near village of Onefour, SE Alberta" }, { "genusId": "215082", "genus": "Vagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1206791", "collectionId": "156536", "identifiedName": "Mercuriceratops gemini", "acceptedName": "Vagaceratops irvinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51303", "collectionReferenceId": "51303", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "1 km east of Happy Jack's Cabin", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Detailed locality data on file at the Royal Ontario Museum. UALVP 54559 was found on the north side of the Red Deer River, ca. 1 km east of ‘Happy Jack’s cabin’" }, { "genusId": "215082", "genus": "Vagaceratops", "occurrenceId": "1206792", "collectionId": "156538", "identifiedName": "Mercuriceratops gemini n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Vagaceratops irvinensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "51303", "collectionReferenceId": "51303", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Fergus", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "Coal Ridge", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Fergus County (general)", "collection_aka": "Mercuriceratops type locality", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "215082", "genus": "Vagaceratops", "cc": "CA", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-2", "formation": "Dinosaur Park" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [ { "rationale": "Retain distinctPBDBgenus; 2026reviewreportsgenericreassignmentgenerallyaccepted despite2019opinion.; No strictupperDinosaurPark-only temporalclue:2019extends diagnosedirvinensis range.; YPM2016 andAMNH5402 are irvinensis-likeChasmosaurus, notautomaticformalVagaceratops referrals.; Do notdoublecount specimensas evidencefor twogenera; keep sourceUS/Oldman/JudithRiverrows qualifieduntilexactmaterialmapped.", "references": [ { "title": "Campbell et al. (2019), Temporal range extension and evolution of the chasmosaurine ceratopsid Vagaceratops irvinensis", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.18435/vamp29356", "url": "https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/vamp/index.php/VAMP/article/view/29356", "access": "Preserved complete primary PDF/text inspected; generic synonymy and specimens41357,1987.045.0001,YPM2016" }, { "title": "Holmes, Mallon, Ryan & Evans (2026), New information on the holotype of Chasmosaurus russelli necessitates the establishment of a new genus", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "mirror": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_n/2026/new-information-on-the-holotype-of-chasmosaurus-russelli.pdf", "access": "Full original20-page primary PDF read; diagnosis,typequarry,CMNFV8801 exclusion,2026discussion of Vagaceratops. Internal referredspecimen number typo018vs019 recorded" }, { "title": "Campbell et al. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=113861", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Velafrons", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=113861" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "113861", "genus": "Velafrons", "occurrenceId": "715618", "collectionId": "76745", "identifiedName": "Velafrons coahuilensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Velafrons coahuilensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26150", "collectionReferenceId": "61988", "cc": "MX", "state": "Coahuila", "county": "", "formation": "Cerro del Pueblo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Difunta", "collection_name": "Cerro de los Dinosaurios, 7A Quarry", "collection_aka": "Quarry 7, SEPC Coah 1, Cerro de la Virgen, Ejido Rincon Colorado ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "335 m from base of formation", "geogcomments": "1 km NE of Rincón Colorado, W of Saltillo - includes quarries 7 and 7A" }, { "genusId": "113861", "genus": "Velafrons", "occurrenceId": "1560365", "collectionId": "170998", "identifiedName": "? 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38519", "name": "Velocipes", "displayName": "Velocipes", "attribution": "Huene 1932", "rawAttribution": "Huene 1932", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38519", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Velocipes" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "38519" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38519", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Velocipes", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38519" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38519", "genus": "Velocipes", "occurrenceId": "1107323", "collectionId": "140077", "identifiedName": "Velocipes guerichi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Velocipes guerichi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29483", "collectionReferenceId": "29483", "cc": "PL", "state": "Opole", "county": "", "formation": "Lissauer Breccia", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kocury", "collection_aka": "Fösterei Kotzuren", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Fösterei Kotzuren (= Kocury), Upper Silesia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Velocipes" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "genus:38519" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55542", "391299", "38519" ], "candidateIds": [ "55542", "391299", "38519" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38564", "name": "Velociraptor", "displayName": "Velociraptor", "attribution": "Osborn 1924", "rawAttribution": "Osborn 1924", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38564", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Velociraptorinae", "Velociraptor" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "143994", "54553", "38564" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38564", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas", "Asia" ], "status": "source-locality-mapped", "rationale": "All affected transcontinental/offshore records mapped from their exact collection context. Raw country codes and fossil identification qualifiers are preserved.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB occurrence+collection frozenmetadata2026-10-10", "url": "locality-audit.json", "access": "Ownreadof all57RU/KZ/O2occurrences and exactlinkedcollectionstatecountynamegeogcomments. Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "220011", "collectionId": "22657", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5721", "collectionReferenceId": "5721", "cc": "CA", "state": "Alberta", "county": "", "formation": "Dinosaur Park", "member": "", "geological_group": "Belly River", "collection_name": "RTMP BB 91a, Irishman's Coulee", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1531, Bonebed 91a", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min; 5.6 m above BB 91", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "220090", "collectionId": "22685", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "63431", "collectionReferenceId": "10453", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Toogreeg Shire [PMPE]", "collection_aka": "ETE Locality 1560, 1561, Fighting dinosaurs, Tugrikin Shire", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: . radiometric intage_min; several localities in the outcrop area with no specific stratigraphic information given", "geogcomments": "Toogreeg Shire, 50 km W of Bayn Dzak, Omnogov" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "389058", "collectionId": "37184", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5757", "collectionReferenceId": "5757", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ukhaa Tolgod (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "Age is not well constrained for the Djadokhta Formation (Clark et al. 2001). \"Fossil vertebrate sites occur in the uppermost 65 m of a section...\" see Fig. 1b, Dashzeveg et al. (1995).\r\n\r\nDashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Ukhaa Tolgod \"is in the Nemegt Basins of the southwestern Gobi desert, about 10 km northwest of the village of Davs and 3 km southeast of Gilbent mountain (Fig 1a). It comprises several low hills, cliffs and gullies extending for about 7 km along a broad wash. The main concentration of specimens occurs in an amphitheatre (4 sq km) that marks the upper reaches of the wash.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 1995) Lat long is for Nemegt Mountains. " }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "389059", "collectionId": "37184", "identifiedName": "cf. Velociraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "5757", "collectionReferenceId": "5757", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ukhaa Tolgod (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "Age is not well constrained for the Djadokhta Formation (Clark et al. 2001). \"Fossil vertebrate sites occur in the uppermost 65 m of a section...\" see Fig. 1b, Dashzeveg et al. (1995).\r\n\r\nDashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Ukhaa Tolgod \"is in the Nemegt Basins of the southwestern Gobi desert, about 10 km northwest of the village of Davs and 3 km southeast of Gilbent mountain (Fig 1a). It comprises several low hills, cliffs and gullies extending for about 7 km along a broad wash. The main concentration of specimens occurs in an amphitheatre (4 sq km) that marks the upper reaches of the wash.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 1995) Lat long is for Nemegt Mountains. " }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "499902", "collectionId": "50729", "identifiedName": "cf. Velociraptor mongoliense", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13553", "collectionReferenceId": "69375", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Minhe", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ulan-tsonch (SSE)", "collection_aka": "Sino-Swedish Expedition, Ulan Tsonch", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ulan-tsonch badlands, NW of Tebch, 25 km E of Bayan Mandahu" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "557946", "collectionId": "53132", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor cf. mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15559", "collectionReferenceId": "57423", "cc": "KZ", "state": "Turkistan", "county": "", "formation": "Dabrazhin", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Kyrkkuduk I (Dabrazhin)", "collection_aka": "Kyrk-Kuduk, Sary-Agach, Chingeldy ", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Nessov (1997) noted that trionychid remains, probably, come from the Syuk-Syuk Formation rather than from Darbaza Formation (= Darbazin Svita) as indicated by Kordikova (1994).", "geogcomments": "near Sary-Agach (Chengel'dy) railway station, Kyrk-Kuduk region, near Alym-Tau range, southern Kazakhstan\n\nVitke & Danilov (2012): Kyrkkuduk I locality (= Sary-Agach, Riabinin 1938 = area of Kyrkkuduk Well, Danilov and Vitek 2009, in press), area about 2 km in length along the northern slope of Alymtau Ridge, 6–7 km south from the well and also 3–5 km south-west from the well, Circum-Tashkent Chul, South Kazakhstan Province, Syuk-Syuk Formation and, probably, the lower part of the Darbaza Formation, Santonian – ?middle Campanian (Nessov 1997)." }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "594445", "collectionId": "51033", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18147", "collectionReferenceId": "14285", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tögrögiin Shiree [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire, Tugrikin-Shiren, Tugrugeen Shireh", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "594452", "collectionId": "51033", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18147", "collectionReferenceId": "14285", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tögrögiin Shiree [AMNH]", "collection_aka": "Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire, Tugrikin-Shiren, Tugrugeen Shireh", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "594485", "collectionId": "62927", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18147", "collectionReferenceId": "18146", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Chimney Buttes (AMNH)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "about 2 km NE of Bulgan, close to Tögrögiin Shiree" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "594521", "collectionId": "62928", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "18147", "collectionReferenceId": "18147", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omngov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Flaming Cliffs, Volcano sublocality", "collection_aka": "Shabarakh Usu, Bayn Dzak", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "667040", "collectionId": "71840", "identifiedName": "cf. Velociraptor mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "24279", "collectionReferenceId": "24279", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shanxi", "county": "", "formation": "Zouyun", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tanankou, Hsingyaokou, Tzoyun (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Danangou, Tanangou, Xinyaogou", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "from Tanankou (Danangou), Hsingyaokou, S of Tzoyun, N Shanxi = Tanangou, Xinyaogou" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "778835", "collectionId": "83719", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor osmolskae n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor osmolskae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28069", "collectionReferenceId": "28069", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "Urad Houqi", "formation": "Bayan Mandahu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SBDE Quarry 99BM-III", "collection_aka": "99BM3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "SBDE Quarry 96BM-III, 15 km N of Bayan Mandahu village, Uraq Houqi, Bayan Nor League" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "781633", "collectionId": "55256", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "28193", "collectionReferenceId": "14738", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Tugrugyin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugrikin Shire I [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "N: 44-13-42.28; E: 103-18-09.70; A: 1043m\r\n35 km W of Bayn Dzak" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "1058690", "collectionId": "127668", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42154", "collectionReferenceId": "42153", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bayn Dzak [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Shabarak Usu, Shavarakh Us", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "turtle from the upper fluvial horizon; remainder from lower eolian horizon", "geogcomments": "N: 44-08-4251; E: 103-43-1741; A: 1275m. 20 km E of Bulgan somon, nearly 35 km E of Turgrikin Shire." }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "1244139", "collectionId": "127678", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42293", "collectionReferenceId": "76473", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Zhinst Tolgoi, Udyn Sayr [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Udan Sayr,", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "-upper horizon\r\n-possibly Baruungoyot Fm. (Czepinksi 2020)\r\n-Dashzeveg et al. 2005: The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones suggests, but does not clearly establish, that the sediments may have been deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian between about 75 to 71 Ma.", "geogcomments": "Zhinst Tolgoi of Udyn Sayr (coordinates for base camp at Zhinst Tolgoi); N: 44-05-3917; E: 102-54-3316; A: 1327m" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "1244252", "collectionId": "46152", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13096", "collectionReferenceId": "14566", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "Bayn Dzak", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shabarakh Usu (AMNH loc. 12049)", "collection_aka": "Protoceratops type, Flaming Cliffs, Bayn Dzak, Kwei-wa-ting trail, Bayan Zag", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"There are no radioisotopic dates from beds in the sequence that produce the Bayn Dzak fauna. According to different authors, its age has been reported to range from Cenomanian to Early Maastrichtian. Berkey and Morris (1927) placed it in the early Late Cretaceous. Polish authors variously assigned it to a range between the Coniacian and the Santonian (Gradziński et al., 1969; Kielan-Jaworowska, 1969, 1970, 1974; Kielan Jaworowska and Dovchin, 1969; Lefeld, 1965, 1971). McKenna (1969) suggested a Cenomanian age. Rozhdestvensky, in his study of Mongolian dinosaurs (1971), inferred the probable age of the fauna to be late Santonian or possibly early Campanian. Fox (1978) suggested a Campanian age based on comparisons between Mongolian, American, and Canadian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous. Lillegraven and McKenna (1986) considered the Bayn Dzak fauna to be of Campanian-Early Maastrichtian age. Jerzykiewicz et al. (1993) and Eberth (1993) assign a Campanian age to the Djadokhta faunas from both Bayan Mandahu and Bayn Dzak. Most recently, Averianov (1997) tentatively agreed with Gradziński et al. (1977) that the fauna from the Djadokhta Formation is early Campanian in age, based on comparisons of mammalian and marine taxa from the Darbasa Formation of Kazakhstan. So, although most recent workers have assigned a Campanian age to the fauna from the Djadokhta, there has historically been little consensus among biochronologic age estimates and no evidence independent of faunal comparisons.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 2005)\r\n\"The presence of reversed magnetozones in both the Flaming Cliffs and Khren Tsav sections means that most of these units must be younger than Chron 34n—the upper boundary of which represents the boundary between the Santonian and the Campanian at about 83.5 Ma (Gradstein et al., 1995). The quick stratigraphic succession of normal and reversed magnetozones in the Flaming Cliffs section suggests that the sediments were deposited during the rapid sequence of polarity changes in the late part of the Campanian incorporating the end of Chron 33 and Chron 32 between about 75 and 71 Ma (Gradstein et al., 1995)... Previous biochronologic age estimates taken in conjunction with this new magnetostratigraphic data suggest that the fossiliferous sediments of the Djadokhta Formation were most likely deposited during the quick succession of normal and reversed intervals in the late Campanian between 71 and 75 Ma.\" (Dashzeveg et al. 2005)", "geogcomments": "on Kwei-wa-ting trail, E of Artsa Bogdo, Gobi Desert, Mongolia; at Shabarakh Usu (= Flaming Cliffs)" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "1271469", "collectionId": "168986", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "42291", "collectionReferenceId": "42291", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tugrikin Shire V [HMNS-GIN]", "collection_aka": "Tögrögiin Shiree, Tugrig Shire, Toogreeg Shire", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Arrived at Tugrikin Shire. The group set the camp on the top of pediment, 26.2 km from Bulgan. N: 44-13-58.3; E: 103-17-19.5; A: 1085 m" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "1273730", "collectionId": "65327", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55298", "collectionReferenceId": "14217", "cc": "MN", "state": "Dornogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ikh-Shunkht (PIN coll. 4477) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "1333030", "collectionId": "11582", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor sp.", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "59136", "collectionReferenceId": "59136", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Baruungoyot", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Khermeen Tsav, Red Beds (PIN coll. 3142) [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Khermin Tsav, Khermin-Tsab, Hermiin Tsav, Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Red Beds of Khermin Tsav", "geogcomments": "An apparently vague locality definition, that might also include the site referred to as 'Khermeen-Tsav 2' and the surrounding area." }, { "genusId": "38564", "genus": "Velociraptor", "occurrenceId": "1686974", "collectionId": "68524", "identifiedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "acceptedName": "Velociraptor mongoliensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "91033", "collectionReferenceId": "19734", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "Gurvan Tes", "formation": "Djadokhta", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Gilvent Wash, Ukhaa Tolgod", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ukhaa Tolgod, Gurvan Tes Somon, Omnogov Aimak, Mongolia; near salt extraction settlement of Daus" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Velociraptorinae", "Velociraptor" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Eudromaeosauria", "clade:Velociraptorinae", "genus:38564" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "283585", "413090", "444043", "185190", "431993", "90549", "38564" ], "candidateIds": [ "38564" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "bayan mandahu" ], "label": "Bayan Mandahu Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "778835", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Velociraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acheroraptor", "Dineobellator", "Kansaignathus", "Linheraptor", "Shri", "Tsaagan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Velociraptor": [ "778835" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38564" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "64901", "name": "Velocisaurus", "displayName": "Velocisaurus", "attribution": "Bonaparte 1991", "rawAttribution": "Bonaparte 1991", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64901", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Noasauridae", "Noasaurinae", "Velocisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "54535", "67928", "64901" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64901", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Velocisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64901" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "64901", "genus": "Velocisaurus", "occurrenceId": "479515", "collectionId": "47796", "identifiedName": "Velocisaurus unicus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Velocisaurus unicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12794", "collectionReferenceId": "12794", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Bajo de la Carpa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Universidad Nacional del Comahue (W)", "collection_aka": "Velocisaurus type, Boca del Sapo; Neuquen City", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"lower sandy section of the Rio Colorado Formation, Coniacian of the Neuquen Group (translated, pg. 71)\" - now = Bajo de la Carpa Fm., Río Colorado Subgroup", "geogcomments": "\"Estate of the National University of the Comahue, about 200 meters to the East of the building occupied by the Rector, city of Neuquen, Argentina. (translated, pg. 71)\"" }, { "genusId": "64901", "genus": "Velocisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1338889", "collectionId": "84309", "identifiedName": "Velocisaurus unicus", "acceptedName": "Velocisaurus unicus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76274", "collectionReferenceId": "37003", "cc": "AR", "state": "Río Negro", "county": "", "formation": "Bajo de la Carpa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "Paso Córdova [Bajo de la Carpa]", "collection_aka": "Paso Córdoba, Cordoba", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Río Colorado Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Paso Córdova (= Paso Córdova) locality" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Noasauridae", "Noasaurinae", "Velocisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Noasauridae", "clade:Noasaurinae", "genus:64901" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38630", "64901", "388269" ], "candidateIds": [ "38630", "64901", "388269" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=119559", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Vitakridrinda", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=119559" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "119559", "genus": "Vitakridrinda", "occurrenceId": "740926", "collectionId": "53153", "identifiedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "acceptedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26765", "collectionReferenceId": "26721", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Shalghara Kali Kakor, DL-3 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-3", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Shalghara Kali Kakor locality, in the Dhaola range, near the village of Vitakri in eastern Balochistan Province, Pakistan. Coordinates are for Vitakri village." }, { "genusId": "119559", "genus": "Vitakridrinda", "occurrenceId": "740927", "collectionId": "78055", "identifiedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "acceptedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26765", "collectionReferenceId": "37333", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkham", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Sangiali Kali Kakor, DL-1 (eastern)", "collection_aka": "PDL-1, Vitakri, mid Sangiali", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... upper Pab Formation, just below or on the boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene).\"", "geogcomments": "eastern site along Kali Kakor stream near Sangiali village, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. 3 subsites - eastern, western, and southern." }, { "genusId": "119559", "genus": "Vitakridrinda", "occurrenceId": "740928", "collectionId": "79664", "identifiedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "acceptedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26765", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkham", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Bor Kali Kakor, DL-2 (central)", "collection_aka": "PDL-2, Vitakri, Mid Bor", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... upper Pab Formation, just below or on the boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene).\"", "geogcomments": "central site, S of Bor Kali Kakor stream near Vitakri village, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan" }, { "genusId": "119559", "genus": "Vitakridrinda", "occurrenceId": "740935", "collectionId": "79665", "identifiedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "acceptedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26765", "collectionReferenceId": "26765", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Mari Bohri, DL-15 (Vitakri)", "collection_aka": "PDL-15", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "just W of village of Mari Bohri, 15 km W of Vitakri, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan, from E plunge of Mari Bohri-Mawand anticlinorium. 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Central site, on W end of Alam stream." }, { "genusId": "119559", "genus": "Vitakridrinda", "occurrenceId": "1559921", "collectionId": "79428", "identifiedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "acceptedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76839", "collectionReferenceId": "26327", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-4 (southern sites)", "collection_aka": "PDL-4, Vitakri, South Kinwa, DL-4s", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "W and NW of Kinwa hot gas springs, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. southernmost three sites. 10 m south from small peak which is about 50 meters west to Kinwa spring." }, { "genusId": "119559", "genus": "Vitakridrinda", "occurrenceId": "1559922", "collectionId": "79429", "identifiedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "acceptedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76839", "collectionReferenceId": "26327", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Barkhan", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "Fort Munro", "collection_name": "Top Kinwa Kali Kakor, DL-16 (eastern)", "collection_aka": "PDL-16, Vitakri", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "\"... found from the red, maroon and greenish grey mud/clays/paleosol zone of upper of Pab Formation, just below or on the (K-T) boundary of Mesozoic (Cretaceous) and Cenozoic (Tertiary/Paleocene)... [found] in the Central periphery of Sulaiman range...\"", "geogcomments": "Top Kinwa – along upper part of Kinwa stream, Vitakri area, Central Sulaiman Range, Barkhan District, Balochistan. Two eastern sites, in the top reaches on the east." }, { "genusId": "119559", "genus": "Vitakridrinda", "occurrenceId": "1559939", "collectionId": "79670", "identifiedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "acceptedName": "Vitakridrinda sulaimani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76825", "collectionReferenceId": "26768", "cc": "PK", "state": "Balochistan", "county": "Khuzdar", "formation": "Vitakri", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Karkh", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Karkh area, 90 km E of Khuzdar, in stream just E of Karkh town, Central Kirthar Range" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "identity", "reason": "Later papers supply diagnoses, designated types and locality statements; old conference-name dates alone do not justify a nomen nudum cut. Independent diagnosability and specimen associations remain insufficiently verified for hidden answers.", "references": [ { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Formal Description of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Biotas Found from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.net/journal/paperinformation?paperid=112161", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.119023", "access": "Primary full text/PDF read; newly formalized Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Nicksaurus and Maojandino with diagnoses and designated material.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2021, "title": "Jurassic-Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene transitions and Mesozoic vertebrates from Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2021080414130257.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2021.118016", "access": "Primary paper indexed description accessed; full August diagnoses not independently read in this bounded sweep.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Muhammad Sadiq Malkani", "year": 2023, "title": "Geology and Mineral Deposits of Saraikistan (South Punjab, Koh Sulaiman Range) of Pakistan: A Tabular Review of Recently Discovered Biotas from Pakistan and Paleobiogeographic Link: Phylogeny and Hypodigm of Poripuchian Titanosaurs from Indo-Pakistan", "url": "https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ojg_2023083015073764.pdf", "doi": "10.4236/ojg.2023.138040", "access": "Primary PDF read at nomenclatural tables and systematic discussion; distinguishes informal and later formal descriptions.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Hans-Volker Karl, Amtyaz Safi and Gottfried Tichy", "year": 2025, "title": "A review of the fossil records of dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous from present-day Pakistan", "url": "https://www.scientific-reports.com/index.php/srls/article/download/191/181/713", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.16895340", "access": "Primary review full PDF read. Repeats taxa and source dates, but does not independently rediagnose overlapping Pakistani types.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ] } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauroidea", "Vitakrisauridae", "Vitakrisaurinae", "Vitakridrinda" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauroidea", "clade:Vitakrisauridae", "clade:Vitakrisaurinae", "genus:119559" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "437491", "name": "Vitakrisaurus", "displayName": "Vitakrisaurus", "attribution": "Malkani 2010", "rawAttribution": "Malkani 2010", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=437491", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauroidea", "Vitakrisauridae", "Vitakrisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "54528", "437493", "437491" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Repeats taxa and source dates, but does not independently rediagnose overlapping Pakistani types.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ] } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauroidea", "Vitakrisauridae", "Vitakrisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauroidea", "clade:Vitakrisauridae", "genus:437491" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "515479", "name": "Vitosaura", "displayName": "Vitosaura", "attribution": "Jiménez Velandia et al. 2025", "rawAttribution": "Jiménez Velandia et al. 2025", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=515479", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Vitosaura" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "515479" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=515479", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Vitosaura", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=515479" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "515479", "genus": "Vitosaura", "occurrenceId": "2051948", "collectionId": "275433", "identifiedName": "Vitosaura colozacani n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Vitosaura colozacani", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93160", "collectionReferenceId": "93160", "cc": "AR", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "Gral. 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Geographicmappingdoesnotvalidateacceptedgenusorretaxonomizeanyrow." }, { "title": "AverianovEfimov2018 OldesttitanosaurNorthernHemisphere", "doi": "10.21638/spbu03.2018.301", "url": "https://biocomm.spbu.ru/article/view/1077", "access": "Primaryabstractreproducedin contemporaneouspaperannouncement: SlantsevyRudniknearUlyanovsk, firstEuropeanrepresentative. OriginalfullpublisherdownloadHTMLblocked." } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "379367", "genus": "Volgatitan", "occurrenceId": "850611", "collectionId": "94539", "identifiedName": "Volgatitan simbirskiensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Volgatitan simbirskiensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "67510", "collectionReferenceId": "32162", "cc": "RU", "state": "Ulyanovsk", "county": "Ulyanovsk", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Slantsevy Rudnik, Ulyanovsk", "collection_aka": "Zakhar'yevskiy Rudnik; Zakhar'evskii Rudnik; Zakharievskii Rudnik", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "unnamed unit - g-3.1 horizon, in the lower part of the Speetoniceras versicolor Zone", "geogcomments": "R bank of the Volga River, 500 m S of Slantsevy Rudnik Village (previously known as Zakharievskii Rudnik [=Zakhar'evskii Rudnik; Zakhar'yevskiy Rudnik]) in Ulyanovsk Province, Russia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Volgatitan" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "379367", "rationale": "Remove contradictory Mamenchisauridae assignment; original description establishes Titanosauria. Do not force its fine titanosaur sister group.", "references": [ { "id": "volgatitan2018", "title": "The oldest titanosaurian sauropod of the Northern Hemisphere", "url": "https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2018.301", "doi": "10.21638/spbu03.2018.301", "year": 2018, "access": "Original abstract and author manuscript search extract; DOI endpoint inaccessible", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Volgatitan described and recovered as lithostrotian titanosaur, not mamenchisaurid." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "genus:379367" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "379367" ], "candidateIds": [ "379367" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38661", "name": "Volkheimeria", "displayName": "Volkheimeria", "attribution": "Bonaparte 1979", "rawAttribution": "Bonaparte 1979", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38661", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Volkheimeria" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "38661" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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The underlying upper Mackunda Formation had a maximum depositional age of 104–102Ma, suggesting that the base of the Winton Formation could be no older than Latest Albian.", "geogcomments": "on a sheep station ca. 70 km NE of Winton; in the \"Elliot/Mary sector\" of the \"Elliot Site\"" }, { "genusId": "148970", "genus": "Wintonotitan", "occurrenceId": "1654706", "collectionId": "167927", "identifiedName": "Wintonotitan wattsi", "acceptedName": "Wintonotitan wattsi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "88408", "collectionReferenceId": "88408", "cc": "AU", "state": "Queensland", "county": "", "formation": "Winton", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "AODL 0160, Patrice, Lovelle Downs Station", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Lovelle Downs Station (22°8′45.92″S, 142°32′10.39″E), ~60 km west-northwest of Winton, Queensland, Australia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Diamantinasauria", "Wintonotitan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Diamantinasauria", "genus:148970" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148968", "347241", "148970" ], "candidateIds": [ "148968", "347241", "148970" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "519380", "name": "Wudingloong", "displayName": "Wudingloong", "attribution": "Wang et al. 2025", "rawAttribution": "Wang et al. 2025", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519380", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Wudingloong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "519380" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Original teeth and massopodan placement are consistent with predominantly plant-based feeding.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Wudingloong; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "D7", "title": "A new Early Jurassic dinosaur represents the earliest-diverging and oldest sauropodomorph of East Asia", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-12185-2", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-12185-2", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; description and phylogenetic results read", "dietSupport": "Wudingloong placement and dentition supply a genus-specific anatomical anchor; broad herbivory remains a functional/relative inference rather than observed gut contents.", "webRefs": [ "turn453view3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-plus-relative-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519380", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Wudingloong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519380" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "519380", "genus": "Wudingloong", "occurrenceId": "2063346", "collectionId": "278587", "identifiedName": "Wudingloong wui n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Wudingloong wui", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94599", "collectionReferenceId": "94599", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Wuding", "formation": "Yubacun", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wudingloong type locality", "collection_aka": "Wande Town", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Coordinates based on Wande Town" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Wudingloong" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "genus:519380" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519380", "519549" ], "candidateIds": [ "519380", "519549" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38815", "name": "Wuerhosaurus", "displayName": "Wuerhosaurus", "attribution": "Dong 1973", "rawAttribution": "Dong 1973", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38815", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Neostegosauria", "Stegosaurinae", "Wuerhosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "38803", "519743", "54855", "38815" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38815", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Wuerhosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38815" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38815", "genus": "Wuerhosaurus", "occurrenceId": "493180", "collectionId": "49047", "identifiedName": "Wuerhosaurus homheni", "acceptedName": "Wuerhosaurus homheni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13379", "collectionReferenceId": "13379", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Lianmuqin", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tugulu", "collection_name": "Wuerho, IVPP site 64041", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "Wuerho area" }, { "genusId": "38815", "genus": "Wuerhosaurus", "occurrenceId": "493234", "collectionId": "49817", "identifiedName": "Wuerhosaurus homheni n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Wuerhosaurus homheni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13379", "collectionReferenceId": "13379", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Lianmuqin", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tugulu", "collection_name": "Wuerho, IVPP site 64043", "collection_aka": "Urho", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "IVPP site 64043, near Wuerho (Urdo), Junggar Basin" }, { "genusId": "38815", "genus": "Wuerhosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1554265", "collectionId": "46905", "identifiedName": "Wuerhosaurus homheni", "acceptedName": "Wuerhosaurus homheni", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "29301", "collectionReferenceId": "12466", "cc": "CN", "state": "Nei Mongol", "county": "", "formation": "Ejinhoro", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Yangpo, Ordos (SCDP)", "collection_aka": "Yangpucie, Yang-Paul", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "on E-W ridge, 1 km SE of Yangpo (Yangpucie, Yang-Paul) village, 10 km N of main E-W highway, 80 km W of Dongsheng, 63 km E of Hangginqi, Ordos region, Inner Mongolia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Neostegosauria", "Stegosaurinae", "Wuerhosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Stegosauridae", "clade:Neostegosauria", "clade:Stegosaurinae", "genus:38815" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38814", "38815", "494752" ], "candidateIds": [ "38814", "38815", "494752" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "118312", "name": "Wulagasaurus", "displayName": "Wulagasaurus", "attribution": "Godefroit et al. 2008", "rawAttribution": "Godefroit et al. 2008", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=118312", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Hadrosaurinae", "Brachylophosaurini", "Wulagasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "38755", "53382", "205434", "118312" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=118312", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Wulagasaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=118312" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "118312", "genus": "Wulagasaurus", "occurrenceId": "735999", "collectionId": "79034", "identifiedName": "Wulagasaurus dongi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Wulagasaurus dongi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26542", "collectionReferenceId": "26542", "cc": "CN", "state": "Heilongjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Yuliangzi", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Wulaga bonebed", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle Maastrichtian; Wodehousia spinata-Aquilapollenites subtiliz Palynozone. Also assigned to Kakanaut Fm. Upper member of Yuliangze Fm.", "geogcomments": "from an exposure along a roadcut near Wulaga, in the farthest SE corner of the Zeya-Bureya Basin, near border with Lesser Khingang Mtns." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Hadrosauridae", "Saurolophinae", "Brachylophosaurini", "Wulagasaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "56393", "name": "Xenotarsosaurus", "displayName": "Xenotarsosaurus", "attribution": "Martínez et al. 1986", "rawAttribution": "Martínez et al. 1986", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56393", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Xenotarsosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "90100", "53942", "56393" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56393", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Xenotarsosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56393" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "56393", "genus": "Xenotarsosaurus", "occurrenceId": "488653", "collectionId": "38952", "identifiedName": "Xenotarsosaurus bonapartei n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xenotarsosaurus bonapartei", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13117", "collectionReferenceId": "30646", "cc": "AR", "state": "Chubut", "county": "Sarmiento", "formation": "Bajo Barreal", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Chubut", "collection_name": "6 km north of Estancia \"Ocho Hermanos\"", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "upper portion of the Lower Member", "geogcomments": "6 km N of Estancia \"Ochos Hermanos\", Sierra de San Bernardo, W of Lago Musters, S-central Chubut province, facing Bajo Guadaloso" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Ceratosauria", "Abelisauridae", "Xenotarsosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Ceratosauria", "clade:Abelisauridae", "genus:56393" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "candidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "518010", "name": "Xenovenator", "displayName": "Xenovenator", "attribution": "Rivera-Sylva et al. 2026", "rawAttribution": "Rivera-Sylva et al. 2026", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=518010", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Troodontini", "Xenovenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "379275", "518011", "518010" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=518010", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Xenovenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=518010" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "518010", "genus": "Xenovenator", "occurrenceId": "711088", "collectionId": "76105", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes robustus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xenovenator robustus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25803", "collectionReferenceId": "25803", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "north fork, Alamo Wash, SMP Loc. 388a", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"late Kirtlandian\"", "geogcomments": "SMP Loc. 388, N fork Alamo Wash, San Juan Co., NM" }, { "genusId": "518010", "genus": "Xenovenator", "occurrenceId": "711089", "collectionId": "76106", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes robustus", "acceptedName": "Xenovenator robustus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25803", "collectionReferenceId": "25803", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "SMP Loc. 350", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Kirtlandian\"", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "518010", "genus": "Xenovenator", "occurrenceId": "711090", "collectionId": "76107", "identifiedName": "Saurornitholestes robustus", "acceptedName": "Xenovenator robustus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25803", "collectionReferenceId": "25803", "cc": "US", "state": "New Mexico", "county": "San Juan", "formation": "Kirtland", "member": "De-na-zin", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "south-central Willow Wash, SMP Loc. 361", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Kirtlandian\"", "geogcomments": "south-central Willow Wash" }, { "genusId": "518010", "genus": "Xenovenator", "occurrenceId": "2056064", "collectionId": "154244", "identifiedName": "Xenovenator espinosai n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xenovenator espinosai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94134", "collectionReferenceId": "49984", "cc": "MX", "state": "Coahuila", "county": "", "formation": "Cerro del Pueblo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Difunta", "collection_name": "La Parrita (SEPCP-9)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Municipality of General Cepeda, Coahuila" }, { "genusId": "518010", "genus": "Xenovenator", "occurrenceId": "2056065", "collectionId": "277685", "identifiedName": "Xenovenator espinosai", "acceptedName": "Xenovenator espinosai", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94134", "collectionReferenceId": "94134", "cc": "MX", "state": "Coahuila", "county": "Parras", "formation": "Cerro del Pueblo", "member": "", "geological_group": "Difunta", "collection_name": "Ejido Trincheras", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Ejido Trincheras, 109 km west of Saltillo, municipality of Parras de la Fuente" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Troodontini", "Xenovenator" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Troodontinae", "clade:Troodontini", "genus:518010" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470379", "38572", "518010" ], "candidateIds": [ "470379", "38572", "518010" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "519549", "name": "Xiangyunloong", "displayName": "Xiangyunloong", "attribution": "Hu et al. 2026", "rawAttribution": "Hu et al. 2026", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519549", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Xiangyunloong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "519549" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Recent original description anchors placement; feeding is inferred from relatives.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Xiangyunloong; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Plant dependence is broadly supported by craniodental evolution; feeding specialisation varies and exclusivity is not assumed.", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "D14", "title": "A new sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Fengjiahe Formation of Dali of Yunnan Province, China", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.252219", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/3/252219/481086/A-new-sauropodomorph-dinosaur-from-the-Lower", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher metadata/abstract and author dataset description read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Xiangyunloong massopodan placement supplies a relative-based diet bracket.", "webRefs": [ "turn475search4", "turn462search21" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519549", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Xiangyunloong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=519549" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "519549", "genus": "Xiangyunloong", "occurrenceId": "2063477", "collectionId": "278626", "identifiedName": "Xiangyunloong fengming n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xiangyunloong fengming", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94636", "collectionReferenceId": "94636", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Xiangyun", "formation": "Fengjiahe", "member": "First", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Daaonai", "collection_aka": "Xiangyunloong type locality", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Xiangyunloong" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "genus:519549" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519380", "519549" ], "candidateIds": [ "519380", "519549" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "202272", "name": "Xianshanosaurus", "displayName": "Xianshanosaurus", "attribution": "Lü et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Lü et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=202272", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Euhelopodidae", "Xianshanosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "38699", "202272" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=202272", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Xianshanosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=202272" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "202272", "genus": "Xianshanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1172079", "collectionId": "117986", "identifiedName": "Xianshanosaurus shijiagouensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xianshanosaurus shijiagouensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37927", "collectionReferenceId": "37927", "cc": "CN", "state": "Henan", "county": "Ruyang", "formation": "Haoling", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Haoling Village, Liudian Town", "collection_aka": "Shijiagou", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Originally assigned to the Mangchuan Formation", "geogcomments": "Haoling of Shijiagou Village, Liudian Town, Ruyang County, Henan Province, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Euhelopodidae", "Xianshanosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Euhelopodidae", "genus:202272" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "166380", "202272" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "henan" ], "label": "Henan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1172079", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ruyangosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ruyangosaurus": [ "862206" ], "Xianshanosaurus": [ "1172079" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "166380", "202272" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "53226", "name": "Xiaosaurus", "displayName": "Xiaosaurus", "attribution": "Dong and Tang 1983", "rawAttribution": "Dong and Tang 1983", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53226", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Fabrosauridae", "Xiaosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "38714", "53226" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53226", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Xiaosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53226" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "53226", "genus": "Xiaosaurus", "occurrenceId": "402865", "collectionId": "24883", "identifiedName": "Xiaosaurus dashanpensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xiaosaurus dashanpensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "4410", "collectionReferenceId": "6976", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Zigong", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry [lower]", "collection_aka": "Dashanpu Town", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating from this formation (but not this locality), Wang et al. (2018) suggested an Oxfordian age for the lower beds, rather than Middle Jurassic, with 159 ± 2 Ma as the maximum depositional age. However, from a section near the Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry, Ren et al. (2022) documented the youngest age for the zircon sample as 166.0 ± 1.59 Ma, and weighed average ages of the youngest subpopulation under the constraints of 1σ and 2σ are 170.9 ± 0.64 Ma and 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma, with a maximum confidence age of 169.9 ± 0.63 Ma selected as the final result.", "geogcomments": "Dashanpu quarry, 10 km NE of Zigong, Sichuan, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Xiaosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "53226", "rationale": "Remove unsupported Fabrosauridae; the primary supplementary anatomical review supports a valid basal neornithischian.", "references": [ { "id": "path-audit-fonseca-supplement", "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary supplementary taxon table and anatomical comments read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11" } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "genus:53226" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "474946", "519526", "424322", "53226", "52891" ], "candidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "53226", "52891" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "shaximiao" ], "label": "Shaximiao Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "402865", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Agilisaurus", "Hexinlusaurus", "Xiaosaurus", "Yandusaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Minimocursor", "Pulaosaurus", "Sanxiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Agilisaurus": [ "402860" ], "Hexinlusaurus": [ "402859" ], "Xiaosaurus": [ "402865" ], "Yandusaurus": [ "545083", "1404246" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57222", "71336", "53226", "52891" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "193133", "name": "Xiaotingia", "displayName": "Xiaotingia", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2011", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2011", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=193133", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Sinovenatorinae", "Xiaotingia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "372128", "193133" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=193133", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Xiaotingia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=193133" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "193133", "genus": "Xiaotingia", "occurrenceId": "964027", "collectionId": "92421", "identifiedName": "Xiaotingia zhengi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xiaotingia zhengi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "36800", "collectionReferenceId": "31153", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Jianchang", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Daxishan, Linglongta", "collection_aka": "Wukongopterus, Darwinopterus type locality, Linglengta", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Wang et al. (2009) referred to this locality as from the Daohugou Formation (?Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous), while Lü et al. (2009) suggested that it is the Tiaojishan Formation (Middle Jurassic). \r\n\r\n\"The Tiaojishan Formation is generally regarded as Middle (Zhang & Zheng 1991; Liu et al. 2006; Cheng & Li 2007) to Upper Jurassic (Chang et al. 2009) (Late Bathonian-Early Kimmeridgian) in age, although it may date to the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) in Jianchang County (Davis et al. 2001). The unit has been dated using radiometric techniques at 169-152 Mya by Liu et al. (2006) and 165-156 Mya by Zhang et al. (2008).\" (Lü et al. 2010: supplement)", "geogcomments": "Daxishan fossil site, Longlongta town, Jianchang county; section extends from 40° 51' 45\" N, 119° 59' 59\" E (240 m asl) to 40° 52' 20\" N, 119° 59' 03\" E (309m asl)." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Xiaotingia" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] }, { "id": "193133", "rationale": "Use stable Paraves rather than inconsistent Troodontidae/Anchiornithidae fine assignments. Do not use a working move to alter PBDB-defined bird-subtree roster scope.", "references": [ { "id": "foth2017", "title": "Re-evaluation of the Haarlem Archaeopteryx and the radiation of maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5712154/", "doi": "10.1186/s12862-017-1076-y", "year": 2017, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ostromia and Anchiornis placed within Anchiornithidae near early avialans; conflicts with troodontid placement." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "genus:193133" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "255864", "38565", "68247", "372484", "193133" ], "candidateIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning" ], "label": "Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "964027", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Eosinopteryx", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Caihong", "Paronychodon", "Pedopenna" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anchiornis": [ "829458", "929493", "1191912" ], "Eosinopteryx": [ "1097931" ], "Serikornis": [ "1407965" ], "Xiaotingia": [ "964027" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "452765", "name": "Xingtianosaurus", "displayName": "Xingtianosaurus", "attribution": "Qiu et al. 2019", "rawAttribution": "Qiu et al. 2019", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=452765", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caudipterygidae", "Xingtianosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "54546", "68394", "452765" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Plant consumption is well supported in the clade, while genus-level dietary variation is uncertain. A blanket verified omnivore label is too strong; preserve potential animal supplementation and genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "G7", "title": "A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia", "authors": "Lee et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210867", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract and indexed functional interpretation read", "dietSupport": "Gobiraptor specialised jaw could process hard seeds or bivalves; morphology does not uniquely demonstrate a mollusc-only diet.", "webRefs": [ "turn541search9" ] }, { "id": "G14", "title": "Gastrolith shape as an indicator of digestive function and its implications for dinosaurian digestive strategies", "authors": "Takasaki et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2026.10112", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/gastrolith-shape-as-an-indicator-of-digestive-function-and-its-implications-for-dinosaurian-digestive-strategies/647E287A6C4E48CF4C50C709BE917BC7", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; abstract, results table and limitations read; online 20 July 2026", "dietSupport": "Gastrolith shape is a dietary/digestive proxy; predictions depend on stone count and processing strategy. Novel inconsistent predictions for established herbivores should not alone overturn independent dental evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn585view3", "turn589view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=452765", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Xingtianosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=452765" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "452765", "genus": "Xingtianosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1587766", "collectionId": "55683", "identifiedName": "Xingtianosaurus ganqi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xingtianosaurus ganqi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "80148", "collectionReferenceId": "14922", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "Dakangpu", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Wangjiagou", "collection_aka": "Dawangzhangzhi Beds, Baicaigou", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "from the Dakangpu Bed (equivalent to Dawangzhangzi Bed)", "geogcomments": "WangJiagou, Yixian, Liaoning Province, China - may be the same as Baicaigou" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Oviraptorosauria", "Caudipterygidae", "Xingtianosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Oviraptorosauria", "clade:Caudipterygidae", "genus:452765" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "146461", "452765" ], "candidateIds": [ "146461", "452765" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "371887", "name": "Xingxiulong", "displayName": "Xingxiulong", "attribution": "Wang et al. 2017", "rawAttribution": "Wang et al. 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=371887", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Xingxiulong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "371887" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Sauropodiformes › Xingxiulong; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity Plant dependence is broadly supported by craniodental evolution; feeding specialisation varies and exclusivity is not assumed.", "references": [ { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=371887", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Xingxiulong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=371887" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "371887", "genus": "Xingxiulong", "occurrenceId": "1406778", "collectionId": "194385", "identifiedName": "Xingxiulong chengi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xingxiulong chengi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66010", "collectionReferenceId": "66010", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Chuxiong Yi", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "near Sankeshu (Three Trees) Village", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "", "stratcomments": "\"The specimens were from the base of the Shawan Member of the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation, composed of dark purple silty mudstones.\"", "geogcomments": "near Sankeshu (Three Trees) Village, Jinshan Town, Lufeng County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Coordinates based on the location of Jinshan town." }, { "genusId": "371887", "genus": "Xingxiulong", "occurrenceId": "2063456", "collectionId": "278620", "identifiedName": "Xingxiulong yueorum n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xingxiulong yueorum", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94630", "collectionReferenceId": "94630", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjiaao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Erzuanshan", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Xingxiulong" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "genus:371887" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66643", "423007", "64137", "502297", "477695", "371887", "385703", "56630" ], "candidateIds": [ "371887", "56630" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "yunnan", "chuxiong yi" ], "label": "Chuxiong Yi · Yunnan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1406778", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Xingxiulong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Yunnanosaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gongxianosaurus", "Irisosaurus", "Jingshanosaurus", "Lishulong", "Qianlong", "Yizhousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Xingxiulong": [ "1406778" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "371887", "56630" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "65210", "name": "Xinjiangovenator", "displayName": "Xinjiangovenator", "attribution": "Rauhut and Xu 2005", "rawAttribution": "Rauhut and Xu 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65210", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Xinjiangovenator" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "65210" ], "diet": { "values": [], "status": "unresolved", "rationale": "Postcranial-only material and unresolved finer placement; Phaedrolosaurus tooth must not be transferred.", "references": [ { "id": "DE16", "title": "The small theropod dinosaurs Tugulusaurus and Phaedrolosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of Xinjiang, China", "authors": "Rauhut and Xu", "year": 2005, "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0107:TSTDTA]2.0.CO;2", "url": "https://www.ivpp.cas.cn/sourcedb/zw/rck/yjy/200908/P020140313576905964882.pdf", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-11", "readStatus": "Publisher and author-hosted original abstract/extract only; full PDF inaccessible", "dietSupport": "Xinjiangovenator is the postcranial taxon separated from Phaedrolosaurus. Do not transfer the latter isolated tooth to Xinjiangovenator as dietary evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn671search0", "turn671search34" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "unresolved", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65210", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Xinjiangovenator", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65210" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "65210", "genus": "Xinjiangovenator", "occurrenceId": "487798", "collectionId": "49048", "identifiedName": "Xinjiangovenator parvus n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xinjiangovenator parvus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13089", "collectionReferenceId": "13379", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "", "formation": "Lianmuqin", "member": "", "geological_group": "Tugulu", "collection_name": "Wuerho (IVPP 4024)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation", "geogcomments": "Wuerho" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [ { "category": "diet", "reason": "No defensible diet clue is currently supported." } ], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Xinjiangovenator" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "genus:65210" ], "profileComplete": false, "fairness": { "status": "profile hold", "candidateIds": [], "support": [] }, "answerEligible": false, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "held", "fairness": "profile hold", "release": "hold" } }, { "id": "287379", "name": "Xinjiangtitan", "displayName": "Xinjiangtitan", "attribution": "Wu et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Wu et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=287379", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Xinjiangtitan" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "53026", "287379" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=287379", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Xinjiangtitan", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=287379" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Current scientific decision", "url": "mamenchisaurid-evidence-decisions.html#xinjiangtitan" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "287379", "genus": "Xinjiangtitan", "occurrenceId": "1190808", "collectionId": "153762", "identifiedName": "Xinjiangtitan shanshanesis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xinjiangtitan shanshanesis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49813", "collectionReferenceId": "49813", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "Piqan", "formation": "Qiketai", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shanshan, Piqan", "collection_aka": "Xinjiangtitan type locality", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Originally described as from the Qigu Formation by Wu et al. (2013), but Maisch et al. (2019) argued that it is from the Qiketai Formation", "geogcomments": "Piqan = Shanshan County, Turpan Basin", "basin": "Turpan", "basinReviewSource": "Frozen collection153762 geogcomments: Piqan = Shanshan County, Turpan Basin; full specimen descriptions in xinjiangtitan-resolution.json." }, { "genusId": "287379", "genus": "Xinjiangtitan", "occurrenceId": "1190808", "collectionId": "153762", "identifiedName": "Xinjiangtitan shanshanesis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xinjiangtitan shanshanesis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49813", "collectionReferenceId": "49813", "cc": "CN", "state": "Xinjiang", "county": "Piqan", "formation": "Qigu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shanshan, Piqan", "collection_aka": "Xinjiangtitan type locality", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Originally described as from the Qigu Formation by Wu et al. (2013), but Maisch et al. (2019) argued that it is from the Qiketai Formation", "geogcomments": "Piqan = Shanshan County, Turpan Basin", "horizonReviewId": "xinjiangtitan-qigu-alternative", "horizonCertainty": "disputed alternative", "basin": "Turpan", "basinReviewSource": "Frozen collection153762 geogcomments: Piqan = Shanshan County, Turpan Basin; full specimen descriptions in xinjiangtitan-resolution.json." } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Mamenchisauridae", "Xinjiangtitan" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Mamenchisauridae", "genus:287379" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "287379" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "qigu", "xinjiang" ], "label": "Qigu Formation · Xinjiang · CN", "occurrenceId": "1190808", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Xinjiangtitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Xinjiangtitan": [ "1190808" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "287379" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "146099", "name": "Xiongguanlong", "displayName": "Xiongguanlong", "attribution": "Li et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Li et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=146099", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Xiongguanlong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "146099" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. 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Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38588", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Xuanhanosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38588" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "38588", "genus": "Xuanhanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "295293", "collectionId": "28232", "identifiedName": "Xuanhanosaurus qilixiaensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Xuanhanosaurus qilixiaensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7753", "collectionReferenceId": "7753", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Xuanhan", "collection_aka": "Xuanhanosaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "38594", "name": "Yangchuanosaurus", "displayName": "Yangchuanosaurus", "attribution": "Dong et al. 1978", "rawAttribution": "Dong et al. 1978", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38594", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Allosauroidea", "Metriacanthosauridae", "Yangchuanosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "64112", "235341", "38594" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. 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G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=517595", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yeneen", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=517595" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "517595", "genus": "Yeneen", "occurrenceId": "2048890", "collectionId": "176562", "identifiedName": "Yeneen houssayi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yeneen houssayi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "93869", "collectionReferenceId": "58166", "cc": "AR", "state": "Neuquén", "county": "", "formation": "Bajo de la Carpa", "member": "", "geological_group": "Neuquén", "collection_name": "La Invernada (Bajo de la Carpa)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "La Invernada area, 50 km (also said to be 35 km) SW of Rincón de los Sauces, northern Patagonia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Titanosauria", "Yeneen" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "clade:Titanosauria", "genus:517595" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "517595" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "2048890", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yeneen" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yeneen": [ "2048890" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "517595" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "319908", "name": "Yi", "displayName": "Yi", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2015", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2015", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=319908", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Scansoriopterygidae", "Yi" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "137497", "319908" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "This conservative unknown set prevents misleading carnivore certainty; it is not an assertion that herbivory or omnivory is demonstrated. Use another clue unless narrower reviewed anatomical evidence is supplied.; Coelurosauria/Paraves/Maniraptora alone is not a uniform ecological bracket. This task has no attributable genus-specific feeding evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "unknown", "evidenceType": "insufficient-genus-feeding-evidence", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": null, "clueUsable": false }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=319908", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yi", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=319908" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Targeted review", "url": "audit.html" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "319908", "genus": "Yi", "occurrenceId": "1269297", "collectionId": "168798", "identifiedName": "Yi qi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yi qi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "55193", "collectionReferenceId": "55193", "cc": "CN", "state": "Hebei", "county": "Qinglong", "formation": "Tiaojishan", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mutoudeng (2007 coll.)", "collection_aka": "Yi qi type locality collection", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"The Tiaojishan Formation is generally regarded as Middle (Zhang & Zheng 1991; Liu et al. 2006; Cheng & Li 2007) to Upper Jurassic (Chang et al. 2009) (Late Bathonian-Early Kimmeridgian) in age, although it may date to the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) in Jianchang County (Davis et al. 2001). The unit has been dated using radiometric techniques at 169-152 Mya by Liu et al. (2006) and 165-156 Mya by Zhang et al. (2008).\" (Lü et al. 2010: supplement)\r\n\r\n\r\nDaohugou biota", "geogcomments": "Mutoudeng town, Qinglong county, northern Hebei province" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Scansoriopterygidae", "Yi" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] }, { "id": "319908", "rationale": "Keep stable scansoriopterygid grouping under Maniraptora; avoid requiring disputed paravian/avialan position. Epidexipteryx shallow source parent is inconsistent with diagnosed group.", "references": [ { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." }, { "id": "pennaraptor2020", "title": "Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress and New Frontiers", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.440.1.1", "doi": "10.1206/0003-0090.440.1.1", "year": 2020, "access": "Publisher original review extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Epidexipteryx treated as scansoriopterygid with Yi, Ambopteryx and Epidendrosaurus." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Scansoriopterygidae", "genus:319908" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "424315", "319908" ], "candidateIds": [ "424315", "319908" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "68585", "name": "Yimenosaurus", "displayName": "Yimenosaurus", "attribution": "Bai et al. 1990", "rawAttribution": "Bai et al. 1990", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68585", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Bagualosauria", "Plateosauria", "Anchisauria", "Prosauropoda", "Yimenosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "460116", "65098", "68582", "38634", "68585" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Only use the closer core-sauropodomorph bracket. Ammosaurus, Gyposaurus, Yimenosaurus fit broad plant feeding subject to independent identity review. Actiosaurus requires an inclusion/identity hold.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68585", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yimenosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68585" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "68585", "genus": "Yimenosaurus", "occurrenceId": "539205", "collectionId": "56155", "identifiedName": "Yimenosaurus youngi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yimenosaurus youngi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "15137", "collectionReferenceId": "15137", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Yimen", "formation": "Fengjiahe", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jiaojiadian (YXV)", "collection_aka": "Yimenosaurus type", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "equivalent to Lower Lufeng, Shawan Member\r\n\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "Jiaojiadian, Yimen Co., Yunnan - coordinates for nearby Yuxi" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Bagualosauria", "Plateosauria", "Anchisauria", "Prosauropoda", "Yimenosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Bagualosauria", "clade:Plateosauria", "clade:Anchisauria", "clade:Prosauropoda", "genus:68585" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68585" ], "candidateIds": [ "68585" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "153286", "name": "Yingshanosaurus", "displayName": "Yingshanosaurus", "attribution": "Zhou 1986", "rawAttribution": "Zhou 1986", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153286", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Yingshanosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38798", "38803", "153286" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153286", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yingshanosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=153286" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "153286", "genus": "Yingshanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1400760", "collectionId": "193007", "identifiedName": "Yingshanosaurus jichuanensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yingshanosaurus jichuanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65625", "collectionReferenceId": "65625", "cc": "CN", "state": "Sichuan", "county": "Yingshan", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Yunchuan, Jichuan", "collection_aka": "Yingshan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Several radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age; Dai et al. 2022 reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bjaocan. Zhou et al. 2022 also supported a late Middle Jurassic age for the Shaximiao Formation (Bathonian-Callovian).", "geogcomments": "discovered while building foundations in Yunchuan township, Jichuan town, Yingshan county, Sichuan" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Stegosauria", "Stegosauridae", "Yingshanosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Stegosauria", "clade:Stegosauridae", "genus:153286" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38805", "38806", "153286" ], "candidateIds": [ "38805", "38806", "153286" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] }, { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "phylogenetic-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=385703", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yizhousaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=385703" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "385703", "genus": "Yizhousaurus", "occurrenceId": "1439378", "collectionId": "200934", "identifiedName": "Yizhousaurus sunae n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yizhousaurus sunae", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "68805", "collectionReferenceId": "68805", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Duwafang Village", "collection_aka": "Chuanjie Town", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost bed of the Zhangjiaao Member (Dark Red Beds) Lufeng Formation", "geogcomments": "Near Duwafang Village, Chuanjie Town (about 22 km south and slightly west to Shawan), Lufeng County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Yizhousaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "genus:385703" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66643", "423007", "64137", "502297", "477695", "371887", "385703", "56630" ], "candidateIds": [ "385703", "56630" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "lufeng", "zhangjia'ao" ], "label": "Zhangjia'ao Member · Lufeng Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1439378", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yizhousaurus", "Yunnanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gongxianosaurus", "Irisosaurus", "Jingshanosaurus", "Lishulong", "Qianlong", "Xingxiulong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yizhousaurus": [ "1439378" ], "Yunnanosaurus": [ "621561", "621562", "735736", "735737", "735738", "735805", "735806", "735808", "1092253", "1092255", "1092256", "1092257" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "385703", "56630" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "280675", "name": "Yunganglong", "displayName": "Yunganglong", "attribution": "Wang et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Wang et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=280675", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Yunganglong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "280675" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=280675", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yunganglong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=280675" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Wang et al. (2013), A New Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Early Late Cretaceous of Shanxi Province", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0077058", "access": "full primary text" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "280675", "genus": "Yunganglong", "occurrenceId": "1179352", "collectionId": "151952", "identifiedName": "Yunganglong datongensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yunganglong datongensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "48567", "collectionReferenceId": "48567", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shanxi", "county": "Zuoyun", "formation": "Zhumapu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "2011 Locality 7, Zuoyun (SXMG)", "collection_aka": "Datong", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, \"early Late Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "2011 Locality 7, Zuoyun county, Datong city" }, { "genusId": "280675", "genus": "Yunganglong", "cc": "CN", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-7", "formation": "Zhumapu", "state": "Shanxi", "county": "Zuoyun" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Yunganglong" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:280675" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "280675", "372420" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "zhumapu", "shanxi" ], "label": "Zhumapu Formation · Shanxi · CN", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-7", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yunganglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Zhanghenglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yunganglong": [ "1179352" ], "Zuoyunlong": [ "1407893" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Yunganglong": [ "asian-sauropod-7" ], "Zuoyunlong": [ "asian-sauropod-8" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "280675", "372420" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "268506", "name": "Yunmenglong", "displayName": "Yunmenglong", "attribution": "Lü et al. 2013", "rawAttribution": "Lü et al. 2013", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=268506", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Yunmenglong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "57468", "66514", "268506" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=268506", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yunmenglong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=268506" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "268506", "genus": "Yunmenglong", "occurrenceId": "1137186", "collectionId": "144963", "identifiedName": "Yunmenglong ruyangensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yunmenglong ruyangensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "46915", "collectionReferenceId": "46915", "cc": "CN", "state": "Henan", "county": "Ruyang", "formation": "Haoling", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huamiaogou Village, Liudian Town", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Formerly known as the ‘Mangchuan Formation’, but has since been subdivided into two parts. The lower part is the late Early Cretaceous (Aptian to Albian) Haoling Formation, the upper part is the early Late Cretaceous Shangdonggou Formation (Xu et al., 2012).", "geogcomments": "Huamiaogou Village, Liudian Town, Ruyang County, Henan Province, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Titanosauriformes", "Somphospondyli", "Yunmenglong" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "clade:Titanosauriformes", "clade:Somphospondyli", "genus:268506" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "268506" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "henan" ], "label": "Henan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1137186", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yunmenglong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Dzharatitanis", "Gannansaurus", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Jiangxititan", "Liubangosaurus", "Sibirotitan", "Sonidosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yunmenglong": [ "1137186" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "268506" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "56630", "name": "Yunnanosaurus", "displayName": "Yunnanosaurus", "attribution": "Young 1940", "rawAttribution": "Young 1940", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56630", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Yunnanosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "56630" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "genus-inferred", "rationale": "Genus included in published craniodental comparisons; broad plant dependence is supported.; pbdbPlacement: Dinosauria › Saurischia › Sauropodomorpha › Massopoda › Sauropodiformes › Yunnanosaurus; scope: broad feeding guild, not obligate exclusivity", "references": [ { "id": "D2", "title": "Skull remains of the dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil): With comments on the early evolution of sauropodomorph feeding behaviour", "authors": "Bronzati, Müller and Langer", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0221387", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; cranial description and feeding discussion read", "dietSupport": "Saturnalia retained predatory capability. Early sauropodomorph diets varied; Bagualosaurus shows an earlier shift towards greater plant consumption. Provides craniodental comparisons of multiple later plant-adapted genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn459view0", "turn465view3" ] }, { "id": "D3", "title": "Craniodental functional evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs", "authors": "Button, Barrett and Rayfield", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/pab.2017.4", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/craniodental-functional-evolution-in-sauropodomorph-dinosaurs/36E27FB35DC8CC3CB68E9377EE43936D", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; biomechanical results and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Core non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs show increased plant dependence; sauropodiforms continue towards high-fibre herbivory. Basal Panphagia, Pampadromaeus and Eoraptor retained mixed feeding signals. Unspecialised teeth can permit animal supplementation.", "webRefs": [ "turn462view1", "turn498view1", "turn493view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "evidenceType": "genus-anatomy-functional-inference", "qualifier": "Likely", "primaryInterpretation": "herbivore", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56630", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yunnanosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56630" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "259971", "collectionId": "25125", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "7052", "collectionReferenceId": "7052", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Jinning", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Qinglongshan, Muchulang village", "collection_aka": "Dilophosaurus sinensis holotype", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. It is not clear which member this locality represents. ", "geogcomments": "at Qinglongshan near Muchulang village, in the rural tribal district of Xiyangyi, Jinning County, Yunnan province, China. Coordinates for Jinning." }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "621561", "collectionId": "66926", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19052", "collectionReferenceId": "19052", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lufeng (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "given only as \"Lufeng\"" }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "621562", "collectionId": "66926", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus robustus", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus robustus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19052", "collectionReferenceId": "19052", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lufeng (IVPP)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "given only as \"Lufeng\"" }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735736", "collectionId": "72091", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "43832", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tati, Lufeng (CUP)", "collection_aka": "Ta Ti, Dadi; near Dawa village", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Tati sites supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified aside from Tatisaurus." }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735737", "collectionId": "72091", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus robustus", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus robustus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "43832", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tati, Lufeng (CUP)", "collection_aka": "Ta Ti, Dadi; near Dawa village", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Tati sites supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified aside from Tatisaurus." }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735738", "collectionId": "72091", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "43832", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tati, Lufeng (CUP)", "collection_aka": "Ta Ti, Dadi; near Dawa village", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Tati sites supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified aside from Tatisaurus." }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735805", "collectionId": "78993", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "26534", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hei Koa Peng, Lufeng (CUP, IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Heikoupeng, Heigoupeng", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Sites reported by Simmons supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\", just below the Ta Ti layer.\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Hei Koa Peng/Heikuopeng, near Ta Ti, NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified." }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735806", "collectionId": "78993", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus robustus", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus robustus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "26534", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hei Koa Peng, Lufeng (CUP, IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Heikoupeng, Heigoupeng", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Sites reported by Simmons supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\", just below the Ta Ti layer.\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Hei Koa Peng/Heikuopeng, near Ta Ti, NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified." }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "735808", "collectionId": "78993", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "26534", "collectionReferenceId": "26534", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Hei Koa Peng, Lufeng (CUP, IVPP)", "collection_aka": "Heikoupeng, Heigoupeng", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Sites reported by Simmons supposedly from a single stratum within the \"Dark Red Beds\", just below the Ta Ti layer.\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member. ", "geogcomments": "Hei Koa Peng/Heikuopeng, near Ta Ti, NE of Lufeng city. Multiple sites in area, but none specified." }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092070", "collectionId": "49501", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43938", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Shawan, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"Dull Purplish beds of the Lower Lufeng Formation\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a Hettangian–Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "2 li S of Tachung; 3 km N of Lufeng city, near small village of Shawan" }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092253", "collectionId": "49773", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "12539", "collectionReferenceId": "12541", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huangchiatien, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Dahungtien; Dahuangtian, Huang-chia-tien, Huang Jia Tian", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Collection includes multiple specimens collected in this general area" }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092254", "collectionId": "49503", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "14781", "collectionReferenceId": "17001", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tachung, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Tachun, Dachung, Dachong", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a Hettangian–Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "1 km NE of Shawan" }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092255", "collectionId": "47081", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus huangi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43938", "collectionReferenceId": "12541", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Yaochan, Lutzehsien prosauropod site", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"Dark Red Beds\"\r\nThe Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "near Yaochan (Yaozhan), Lutzehsien (Lutzexian), 15 km SE of Lufeng" }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092256", "collectionId": "49773", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus robustus n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus robustus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43938", "collectionReferenceId": "12541", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huangchiatien, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Dahungtien; Dahuangtian, Huang-chia-tien, Huang Jia Tian", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Collection includes multiple specimens collected in this general area" }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1092257", "collectionId": "49773", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus cf. robustus", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus robustus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "43938", "collectionReferenceId": "12541", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Zhangjia'ao", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Huangchiatien, Lufeng", "collection_aka": "Dahungtien; Dahuangtian, Huang-chia-tien, Huang Jia Tian", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "member", "stratcomments": "The Lufeng Formation has been divided into lower dark/dull purple beds (= Shawan Member) and upper dark/deep red beds (= Zhangjiawa Member). Luo & Wu (1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, pp. 251–270) argue on the basis of vertebrate biostratigraphy for a probable Sinemurian age for the Zhangjiawa Member and a Hettangian age for the Shawan Member.", "geogcomments": "about 4 km NE of Lufeng city. Collection includes multiple specimens collected in this general area" }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1299067", "collectionId": "173377", "identifiedName": "cf. Yunnanosaurus sp.", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "56458", "collectionReferenceId": "56458", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Lufeng", "formation": "Lufeng", "member": "Shawan", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dalishu bonebed, Konglongshan", "collection_aka": "Da Li Shu, Kong Long Shan", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Dalishu bonebed, near Dalishu village, Konglongshan town, Lufeng county, Yunnan" }, { "genusId": "56630", "genus": "Yunnanosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1574690", "collectionId": "222638", "identifiedName": "Yunnanosaurus youngi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yunnanosaurus youngi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "25165", "collectionReferenceId": "25165", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Yuanmou", "formation": "Fengjiahe", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Banqing Houshanliangzi, Jiangyi (Fengjiahe Fm.)", "collection_aka": "Yuanmou", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Originally described as from the Zhanghe Fm by Lü et al. (2007), but reinterpreted as Fengjiahe Fm. by Ren et al. (2021)\r\n\r\nUpper part of formation", "geogcomments": "Banqing Houshanliangzi of Jiangyi, N of Yuanmou city, Yuanmou administrative unit (county), Yunnan province" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Yunnanosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "genus:56630" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66643", "423007", "64137", "502297", "477695", "371887", "385703", "56630" ], "candidateIds": [ "56630" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "fengjiahe", "yunnan", "yuanmou" ], "label": "Fengjiahe Formation · Yuanmou · Yunnan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1574690", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yunnanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gongxianosaurus", "Irisosaurus", "Jingshanosaurus", "Lishulong", "Qianlong", "Xingxiulong", "Yizhousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yunnanosaurus": [ "1574690" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "56630" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "425462", "name": "Yunyangosaurus", "displayName": "Yunyangosaurus", "attribution": "Dai et al. 2020", "rawAttribution": "Dai et al. 2020", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=425462", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Yunyangosaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "425462" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=425462", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yunyangosaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=425462" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "425462", "genus": "Yunyangosaurus", "occurrenceId": "1524760", "collectionId": "213455", "identifiedName": "Yunyangosaurus puanensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yunyangosaurus puanensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "73693", "collectionReferenceId": "92774", "cc": "CN", "state": "Chongqing", "county": "", "formation": "Xintiangou", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Laojun Village, Puan Township", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Laojun Village, Puan Township" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Yunyangosaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "genus:425462" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65680", "52766", "66392", "425462" ], "candidateIds": [ "65680", "52766", "66392", "425462" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "235251", "name": "Yurgovuchia", "displayName": "Yurgovuchia", "attribution": "Senter et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Senter et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=235251", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Dromaeosaurinae", "Yurgovuchia" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "38561", "143994", "54552", "235251" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Predominantly animal-based is a defensible broad close-relative inference. Fish/insects are qualifiers within animal-based feeding; do not assume a particular prey or hypercarnivore exclusivity.", "references": [ { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=235251", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yurgovuchia", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=235251" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "235251", "genus": "Yurgovuchia", "occurrenceId": "1041314", "collectionId": "97954", "identifiedName": "Yurgovuchia doellingi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yurgovuchia doellingi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41601", "collectionReferenceId": "32617", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Doelling's Bowl Bonebed (UMNH VP Loc. 1208)", "collection_aka": "USGS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"The Doelling's Bowl area preserves a particularly thick section of the Yellow Cat Member\" \"\"ankylosaur, iguanodontid, and dromaeosaurid skeletal remains that are all compatible with an Early Cretaceous age\"; below marker calcrete and above the \"chert interval\"\r\n\r\nRecent work indicates that the lower part of the Yellow Cat Member is late Berriasian-Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "Arches National Park near Moab, Utah \"Lower Cedar Mountain Formation on the south rim of Doelling's Bowl\"" }, { "genusId": "235251", "genus": "Yurgovuchia", "occurrenceId": "2055530", "collectionId": "97954", "identifiedName": "? Yurgovuchia sp.", "acceptedName": "Yurgovuchia", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "94098", "collectionReferenceId": "32617", "cc": "US", "state": "Utah", "county": "", "formation": "Cedar Mountain", "member": "Yellow Cat", "geological_group": "Dakota", "collection_name": "Doelling's Bowl Bonebed (UMNH VP Loc. 1208)", "collection_aka": "USGS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "\"The Doelling's Bowl area preserves a particularly thick section of the Yellow Cat Member\" \"\"ankylosaur, iguanodontid, and dromaeosaurid skeletal remains that are all compatible with an Early Cretaceous age\"; below marker calcrete and above the \"chert interval\"\r\n\r\nRecent work indicates that the lower part of the Yellow Cat Member is late Berriasian-Valanginian (Joeckel et al. 2020)", "geogcomments": "Arches National Park near Moab, Utah \"Lower Cedar Mountain Formation on the south rim of Doelling's Bowl\"" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Dromaeosauridae", "Eudromaeosauria", "Dromaeosaurinae", "Yurgovuchia" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Dromaeosauridae", "clade:Eudromaeosauria", "clade:Dromaeosaurinae", "genus:235251" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "235251", "52959" ], "candidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "235251", "52959" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "230946", "name": "Yutyrannus", "displayName": "Yutyrannus", "attribution": "Xu et al. 2012", "rawAttribution": "Xu et al. 2012", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=230946", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Proceratosauridae", "Yutyrannus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "58837", "185194", "230946" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Reject carnivore inherited from Coelurosauria alone. Resolve known subclades: tyrannosaurs and predatory compsognathid-like taxa animal-based; therizinosaurs plant-based; alvarezsaurs generally animal-based with later insect specialisation inferred; unresolved maniraptors retain qualified broad uncertainty. A closer anatomically predatory subclade permits broad animal-based inference, unlike Coelurosauria alone. Recently reassigned taxa require genus overrides.", "references": [ { "id": "D4", "title": "Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution", "authors": "Zanno and Makovicky", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1011924108", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017133/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "abstract and cached indexed discussion; PMC full access intermittently blocked", "dietSupport": "Repeated plant-eating adaptations in coelurosaurs invalidate blanket carnivory. Ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs developed herbivorous specialisations; ecomorphology supports facultative herbivory without proving exclusivity.", "webRefs": [ "turn583search0", "turn583search1" ] }, { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "D6", "title": "Direct evidence of carnivory in the early-diverging Alvarezsaurian Bannykus", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "url": "https://the-innovation.org/article/doi/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100143", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract, highlights and references read; full article not retrieved", "dietSupport": "Bone-derived intestinal residues directly support animal consumption in Bannykus, preventing insectivory from being assigned to all alvarezsaurs.", "webRefs": [ "turn543view0" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=230946", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yutyrannus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=230946" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "230946", "genus": "Yutyrannus", "occurrenceId": "1032618", "collectionId": "126447", "identifiedName": "Yutyrannus huali n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yutyrannus huali", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "41024", "collectionReferenceId": "41024", "cc": "CN", "state": "Liaoning", "county": "Beipiao", "formation": "Yixian", "member": "", "geological_group": "Jehol", "collection_name": "Batuyingzi, Beipiao", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "stratigraphic assignment is speculative, based on lithology", "geogcomments": "all specimens supposedly from a single, but unknown quarry near Batuyingzi, Beipiao" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Tyrannosauroidea", "Proceratosauridae", "Yutyrannus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Tyrannosauroidea", "clade:Proceratosauridae", "genus:230946" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "198891", "230946" ], "candidateIds": [ "198891", "230946" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "457656", "name": "Yuxisaurus", "displayName": "Yuxisaurus", "attribution": "Yao et al. 2022", "rawAttribution": "Yao et al. 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=457656", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Yuxisaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "457656" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=457656", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yuxisaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=457656" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "457656", "genus": "Yuxisaurus", "occurrenceId": "1597446", "collectionId": "211303", "identifiedName": "Yuxisaurus kopchicki n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yuxisaurus kopchicki", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81792", "collectionReferenceId": "72972", "cc": "CN", "state": "Yunnan", "county": "Yuxi", "formation": "Fengjiahe", "member": "Upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Jiaojiadian area B, near Zhanmatian village", "collection_aka": "Shijie Township", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Upper member of the Fengjiahe Formation, Lower Jurassic", "geogcomments": "Jiaojiadian area B, near Zhanmatian village, Shijie Township, Yimen County, Yuxi Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Yuxisaurus" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "genus:457656" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "457656" ], "candidateIds": [ "457656" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "463192", "name": "Yuzhoulong", "displayName": "Yuzhoulong", "attribution": "Dai et al. 2022", "rawAttribution": "Dai et al. 2022", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=463192", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Yuzhoulong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57438", "463192" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Jurassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=463192", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Yuzhoulong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=463192" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "463192", "genus": "Yuzhoulong", "occurrenceId": "1611659", "collectionId": "205726", "identifiedName": "Yuzhoulong qurenensis n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Yuzhoulong qurenensis", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "83062", "collectionReferenceId": "70522", "cc": "CN", "state": "Chongqing", "county": "Yunyang", "formation": "Shaximiao", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "Chongqing", "collection_name": "Laojun Village, Pu’an Town", "collection_aka": "Puan \"Dinosaur Wall\"; Yunyang", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower to middle portion of the lower member of the Shaximiao Formation\r\nSeveral radiometric ages have been reported for the Shaximiao Formation, including 167 Ma or 172 Ma (Zong and Shi, 1997), 167–172 Ma or 178–169 Ma (Gou et al., 2000), 163±3 Ma (Li et al., 2010), 160±4 Ma (Luo et al., 2014), 158±7 Ma (Qian et al., 2016), and 159±2 Ma (Wang et al., 2018). However, more recent studies suggest an older age: Dai et al. (2022) reported a maximum depositional age for the bone-bearing layers of the lower member of the Shaximiao formation to be Bathonian, based on zircon U-Pb ages of 166.0 ± 1.5 Ma (Zhou et al. 2022). ", "geogcomments": "Laojun Village, Pu’an Town, Yunyang County, Chongqing Municipality" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Macronaria", "Yuzhoulong" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Sauropodomorpha", "clade:Massopoda", "clade:Sauropodiformes", "clade:Sauropoda", "clade:Gravisauria", "clade:Eusauropoda", "clade:Neosauropoda", "clade:Macronaria", "genus:463192" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "523878", "171376", "463192" ], "candidateIds": [ "523878", "171376", "463192" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "66740", "name": "Zalmoxes", "displayName": "Zalmoxes", "attribution": "Weishampel et al. 2003", "rawAttribution": "Weishampel et al. 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66740", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Rhabdodontomorpha", "Rhabdodontoidea", "Zalmoxes" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "344230", "509332", "66740" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66740", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Europe" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Zalmoxes", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66740" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "486475", "collectionId": "48720", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17757", "collectionReferenceId": "12805", "cc": "AT", "state": "Niederosterreich", "county": "", "formation": "Grünbach", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Muthmannsdorf", "collection_aka": "Gosau, Neue Welt, Weiner Neustadt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Gosau Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Muthmannsdorf, Grünbach Basin, Neue Welt, in Wiener Neustadt, about 45 km S of Vienna, Austria" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "486481", "collectionId": "48720", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "17757", "collectionReferenceId": "12805", "cc": "AT", "state": "Niederosterreich", "county": "", "formation": "Grünbach", "member": "", "geological_group": "Gosau", "collection_name": "Muthmannsdorf", "collection_aka": "Gosau, Neue Welt, Weiner Neustadt", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower Gosau Subgroup", "geogcomments": "Muthmannsdorf, Grünbach Basin, Neue Welt, in Wiener Neustadt, about 45 km S of Vienna, Austria" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "566032", "collectionId": "59269", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon aff. robustus", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes robustus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "16947", "collectionReferenceId": "25139", "cc": "FR", "state": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "county": "Bouches-du-Rhône", "formation": "", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Neuve", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "a subhorizontal layer in the Arc syncline; terminal/upper \"Begudian\"; no formation name given; middle Campanian following Fondevilla et al. (2019)", "geogcomments": "along a railway cutting along route D6 from Trets to Saint-Maximin, in the Arc syncline, Trets region" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "628856", "collectionId": "67811", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon robustus", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes robustus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19377", "collectionReferenceId": "55945", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Pui Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pui, Barbat River", "collection_aka": "Pui 1983; Bărbat River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Customarily referred to the Sînpetru Formation, but it could represent a distinct stratigraphic unit, informally dubbed the ‘Bărbat Formation’ (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)or 'Pui Beds'.\n\nMost of the Pui localities are from the middle-upper part of the Bărbat River succession and are likely to be latest early to early late Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\n\nŢabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "near Pui, in the Barbat River Valley, 15 km SE of Sinpetru" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "629048", "collectionId": "67817", "identifiedName": "Rhabdodon robustus", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes robustus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "19377", "collectionReferenceId": "19377", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vălioara-Fântânele 1 (VF)", "collection_aka": "Valioara-Fantanele; Valiora", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "near village of Valioara" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "755318", "collectionId": "80858", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "53032", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vurpar (Vp)", "collection_aka": "Metaliferi area, Borberek; Vurpăr; Vu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "basal sequence of formation; \"Bozes strata\" in Weishampel et al. 2003", "geogcomments": "Vurpar (orig. Borberek), on R bank of Mures River, downstream from Alba Iulia, in the \"Metaliferi area\", Transylvanian Basin; near Vintu de Jos" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "872398", "collectionId": "59410", "identifiedName": "Camptosaurus inkeyi n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes robustus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "32946", "collectionReferenceId": "53030", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Szentpéterfalva, Hateg Basin", "collection_aka": "Sânpetru, Sînpetru, Sâmpetru, Sîmpetru, Sacel, La Carare, Sinpetru", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Ţabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "on the Nopcsa family estate near Sînpetru (Szentpéterfalva), in the southern Carpathian Mtns., near Hunedoara, Hateg Basin" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "872434", "collectionId": "96687", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes robustus", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes robustus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13939", "collectionReferenceId": "14098", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Alvincz", "collection_aka": "Vintu de Jos", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Alvincz, NE of Hateg, near Vintu de Jos" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "920592", "collectionId": "105174", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "35186", "collectionReferenceId": "35186", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Location 6, Sibisel Valley", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "", "stratscale": "formation", "stratcomments": "\"yielding a profile with progressively younger deposits and with a vertical thickness reaching approximately 2 km\"\r\n\r\nŢabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "\"Located in the South Carpathians in Romania, the Hateg Basin\"....\"The Sânpetru Formation crops out mainly along the Sibisel and Râul Mare valleys. The Sibisel valley opens from the center of the basin toward the south, yielding a profile with progressively younger deposits and with a vertical thickness reaching approximately 2 km. At location 6....\"" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "970050", "collectionId": "115000", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37235", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lancram A (LcA), Sebes Valley", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost early to early late Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)", "geogcomments": "Sebes Valley riverbed, 1.5 km NNE of Lancram village" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "970054", "collectionId": "97813", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81031", "collectionReferenceId": "33802", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Sebeş Glod A (SbG/A)", "collection_aka": "Sebes Glod; Sebeş", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower third of the Sebes Formation\r\n\r\nearly Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016 and Ţabără et al. 2022)", "geogcomments": "Sebes Glod locality, ca. 2.5 km N of town of Sebes, " }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "970255", "collectionId": "80859", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37235", "collectionReferenceId": "27183", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Şard", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Oarda de Jos B (OdB)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Oarda de Jos, Alba District, 2 km N of Vurpar along the R bank of Sebes River, 3 km S of Alba Iulia and 1 km upstream of junction with Mures River" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "970484", "collectionId": "67818", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "37254", "collectionReferenceId": "19377", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Vălioara-Budurone (VB)", "collection_aka": "Vălioara Budurone; Valioara; Valiora", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "SW of village of Valioara, along upstream half of Budurone Creek, an ephemeral left-side tributary of Valioara (Fantanle) Creek" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "971117", "collectionId": "13334", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes robustus", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes robustus", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13939", "collectionReferenceId": "5971", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Tuştea-Oltoane nesting site", "collection_aka": "Valioara; Tuştea Oltoane; Tuştea nesting site; Vălioara; Valiora; Tustea, Ultoane; Tu", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "northern part of Hateg Basin, 4.5 km east of Valioara, Romania. In a vertical escarpment of Oltoane Hill (= Ultoane), Tustea Village, Hateg Basin, Hunedoara County" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1189855", "collectionId": "153482", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes ? robustus", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes robustus", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "49557", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "Sebeş", "formation": "Bozeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Petreşti-Arini L0b", "collection_aka": "Petresti-Arini layer 0b; PT L0/b", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Petresti village, Sebes, Alba County, SW Transylvanian basin" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1189857", "collectionId": "115004", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "", "county": "", "formation": "Şard", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Dealul Cuptorului (DC)", "collection_aka": "Dealul Cuptorului Cuptorului Hill", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Lower section of formation", "geogcomments": "Cuptorului Hill, near the Stauini Valley, on its left bank" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1189877", "collectionId": "93729", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "36651", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Râpa Rosie (RR), Sebes Valley ", "collection_aka": "Râpa Roşie, Rapa Rosie", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "uppermost part of the Sebeş Formation\n\nearly Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016 and Ţabără et al. 2022); later assigned to Late Maastrichtian (Bottfalvai et al., 2025).", "geogcomments": "Râpa Rosie, Sebes Valley, Alba district. On R bank of Secas River, at type section for Sebes Fm." }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1191069", "collectionId": "153888", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "49868", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Groapa, Lower Quarry", "collection_aka": "La Groapă, Coasta Mereuta, SG", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Groapa, in the Sibisel Valley" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1191070", "collectionId": "153889", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "49868", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Groapa, Upper Quarry", "collection_aka": "La Groapă, Coasta Mereuta, SG", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Ţabără and Slimani, 2019: The Sînpetru Formation was first assigned to the upper Maastrichtian on the basis of the presence of the pollen Pseudopapilopollis praesubhercynicus (see Antonescu et al., 1983). This assignment was later questioned by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005), who suggested a lower/upper Maastrichtian boundary interval. Palaeomagnetic studies indicate that the Sînpetru Formation was laid down between the beginning of Chron 32n.1 and the end of Chron 31n (68.7–71.5 Ma) (Panaiotu and Panaiotu, 2010). The age of this formation is more difficult to establish due to its low content in palynomorphs and long-ranging taxa such as Deltoidospora minor, Gleicheniidites senonicus and Laevigatosporites ovatus. All taxa identified by us from the Sînpetru Formation were also previously recorded from the same deposits by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) and Csiki et al. (2008). Therefore, we agree the early/late Maastrichtian age of this formation, as suggested by Van Itterbeeck et al. (2005) on the basis of a more conclusive palynological content.", "geogcomments": "Groapa, in the Sibisel Valley" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1205119", "collectionId": "156124", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "49557", "cc": "RO", "state": "Sebeş", "county": "Alba", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Petreşti-Arini L4", "collection_aka": "Petresti-Arini, layer 4 (PT)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Layer 4; close to the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary", "geogcomments": "Petresti village, Sebes, Alba County, SW Transylvanian basin" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1205129", "collectionId": "85496", "identifiedName": "? Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "28886", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Lancram B (LcB), Sebes Valley (1.55 m)", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "early Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016 and Ţabără et al. 2022)", "geogcomments": "Sebes Valley riverbed, 1.5 km NNE of Lancram village, 0.5 km downstream from confluence with Secas stream, on L bank of a wide meander" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1205131", "collectionId": "115001", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "81031", "collectionReferenceId": "81031", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Rapa Lancramului (RL) (reworked)", "collection_aka": "Sebes Valley, Rapa Lancram; Râpa Lancrămului, RL", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "presumably reworked into Sebes Formation from older deposits", "geogcomments": "Rapa Lancramului (RL), along the Sebes River Valley, on R bank of Secas River" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1205133", "collectionId": "156125", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "49557", "collectionReferenceId": "49557", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Cutina (D1.Fetii-DF)", "collection_aka": "Sebes", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "middle of formation", "geogcomments": "site estimated based on outcrop as near Lancram" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1403473", "collectionId": "193675", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "65784", "collectionReferenceId": "65784", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Pui Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pui \"multi-bed\" level", "collection_aka": "Barbat River; Bărbat River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Customarily referred to the Sînpetru Formation, but it could represent a distinct stratigraphic unit, informally dubbed the ‘Bărbat Formation’ (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)or 'Pui Beds'.\n\nMost of the Pui localities are from the middle-upper part of the Bărbat River succession and are likely to be latest early to early late Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)", "geogcomments": "near Pui, near the Sibisel Valley, in the Barbat River Valley, 15 km SE of Sinpetru" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1553343", "collectionId": "219171", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76067", "collectionReferenceId": "76067", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "New vertebrate site, Vălioara (Pârâul Ogradiilor ravine)", "collection_aka": "NVS; Valioara, Vălioara; Valiora; Valióra; Pareu Ogradilior", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "Pârâul Ogradiilor ravine, approximately 100 m south of site Kadiz site V" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1553350", "collectionId": "163328", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76067", "collectionReferenceId": "53166", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Site I, Pareu Vartopilor, Kiscsula", "collection_aka": "Ciula Mica; Ciula Mică; Pârâul Vârtopilor, Kadic-Vartopi, CM01", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "Site I, at end of Pareu Vartopilor (Creek), valley near Kiscsula (- Ciula Mica), 45.6071 N; 22.7829 E; \"Vartopi Cr., Valioara\"" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1553357", "collectionId": "163326", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76067", "collectionReferenceId": "53166", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Site V, Pareu Ogradilior, Valióra", "collection_aka": "Valioara; Vălioara; Valiora; Pârâul Ogradiilor, Kadic-Ogradelor", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "Pareu Ogradilior (Creek), Site V; Ogradelor Cr., Valioara" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1553359", "collectionId": "163323", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76067", "collectionReferenceId": "53166", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Middle", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Site III, Pareu Niagului, Valióra", "collection_aka": "Valioara; Vălioara; Valiora; Pârâul Neagului, Kadic-Neagului2", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021)", "geogcomments": "Pareu Niagului (Creek), Site III, near Valioara; \"Valioara, Neagului Cr.\"" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1553432", "collectionId": "193946", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76092", "collectionReferenceId": "65862", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Pui Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pui Swamp", "collection_aka": "Pui Swamp MvBB; Bărbat River; Barbat River, PS", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Customarily referred to the Sînpetru Formation, but it could represent a distinct stratigraphic unit, informally dubbed the ‘Bărbat Formation’ (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016) or 'Pui Beds'.\n\nMost likely early, rather than late Maastrichtian, according to Csiki-Sava et al. (2016), based on this coming from the basal part of ‘Pui beds’ succession along the Bărbat River", "geogcomments": "near Pui, in the Barbat River Valley, 15 km SE of Sinpetru" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1553433", "collectionId": "219173", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76092", "collectionReferenceId": "76092", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Densuș-Ciula", "member": "Lower", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Densuş", "collection_aka": "Densus; Densuş village, D1", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Close to the base of the Densuș-Ciula succession, in the basal part of the ‘middle member’, and are thus most probably of earliest to early Maastrichtian in age (Csiki-Sava et al., 2016). This age assessment is congruent with the 71.3+/-1.6 Ma K-Ar radiometric age reported by Bojar et al. (2011) from a tuff layer situated slightly to the west (Botfalvai et al. 2021). More recently placed in the Lower Member (Bottfalvai et al., 2025).", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1553553", "collectionId": "219186", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76121", "collectionReferenceId": "76121", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Pui Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pui Gater (ex situ)", "collection_aka": "Bărbat River; Barbat River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Pui beds; customarily referred to the Sînpetru Formation, but it could represent a distinct stratigraphic unit, informally dubbed the ‘Bărbat Formation’ (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)or 'Pui Beds'.\n\nMost of the Pui localities are from the middle-upper part of the Bărbat River succession and are likely to be latest early to early late Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)", "geogcomments": "" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1553580", "collectionId": "153475", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50583", "collectionReferenceId": "81031", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Petreşti-Arini L1b", "collection_aka": "Petresti-Arini, PT layer 1B", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Layer 1B; close to the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary", "geogcomments": "Petresti village, Sebes, Alba County, SW Transylvanian basin" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1553584", "collectionId": "219188", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50583", "collectionReferenceId": "50583", "cc": "RO", "state": "Alba", "county": "", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Petreşti-Arini L1a", "collection_aka": "Petresti-Arini, layer 1A; PT 1A", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Layer 1A; close to the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary, latest Campanian (Bottfalvai et al. 2025)", "geogcomments": "Petresti village, Sebes, Alba County, SW Transylvanian basin" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1553619", "collectionId": "219190", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50583", "collectionReferenceId": "50583", "cc": "RO", "state": "Sebeş", "county": "Alba", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Petreşti-Arini L3", "collection_aka": "Petresti-Arini, layer 3 (PT)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Layer 3; close to the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary", "geogcomments": "Petresti village, Sebes, Alba County, SW Transylvanian basin" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1553620", "collectionId": "219191", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "50583", "collectionReferenceId": "50583", "cc": "RO", "state": "Sebeş", "county": "Alba", "formation": "Sebeş", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Petreşti-Arini L5", "collection_aka": "Petresti-Arini, layer 5 (PT)", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Layer 5; close to the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary", "geogcomments": "Petresti village, Sebes, Alba County, SW Transylvanian basin" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1561175", "collectionId": "26369", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76966", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nălaţ-Vad", "collection_aka": "Nalat-Vad; Nalatvad; Râul Mare River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower to middle part of the upper Maastricthtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\"Râul Mare beds\", possibly upper section of ? Sînpetru Fm. or the Densus-Ciula Fm.\r\n\"can be considered as slightly older than at Totesti-baraj\"; at least 7 horizons with eggs at the site.\r\nalso listed as early Maastrichtian Sînpetru Formation", "geogcomments": "Nalatvad (Nalat-Vad), in the Râul Mare Valley, 3 km downstream from Totesti-baaraj and between villages of Nalat and Vad. Three fossiliferous \"pockets\" at this locality." }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1561177", "collectionId": "26369", "identifiedName": "? Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "76966", "collectionReferenceId": "37235", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Râul Mare", "member": "upper", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Nălaţ-Vad", "collection_aka": "Nalat-Vad; Nalatvad; Râul Mare River", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "lower to middle part of the upper Maastricthtian (Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)\r\n\"Râul Mare beds\", possibly upper section of ? Sînpetru Fm. or the Densus-Ciula Fm.\r\n\"can be considered as slightly older than at Totesti-baraj\"; at least 7 horizons with eggs at the site.\r\nalso listed as early Maastrichtian Sînpetru Formation", "geogcomments": "Nalatvad (Nalat-Vad), in the Râul Mare Valley, 3 km downstream from Totesti-baaraj and between villages of Nalat and Vad. Three fossiliferous \"pockets\" at this locality." }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1570391", "collectionId": "221768", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "46349", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "La Cărare, Sânpetru", "collection_aka": "La Carare, Sanpetru, SC", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "S of Sânpetru, Hateg Basin, western Romania" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1570402", "collectionId": "221769", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "77788", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Pui Beds", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Pui Islaz (macrovertebrates)", "collection_aka": "Bărbat River; Barbat River", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Customarily referred to the Sînpetru Formation, but it could represent a distinct stratigraphic unit, informally dubbed the ‘Bărbat Formation’ (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)or 'Pui Beds'.\n\nMost of the Pui localities are from the middle-upper part of the Bărbat River succession and are likely to be latest early to early late Maastrichtian (see Csiki-Sava et al. 2016)", "geogcomments": "near Pui" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1570412", "collectionId": "14454", "identifiedName": "? Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "78206", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Râpa Mocioconilor", "collection_aka": "Rapa Mocioconilor", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "includes sites 1 and 2; R side of Sânpetru, near Sacel" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1570420", "collectionId": "221774", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "77788", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Coasta Luncutei", "collection_aka": "Sânpetru", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Coasta Luncutei, R side of Sânpetru" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1570446", "collectionId": "221780", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "77788", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Mereuta", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "R side of Sânpetru, at MEreuta" }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1570450", "collectionId": "10760", "identifiedName": "? Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": true, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "4002", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Garjobel", "collection_aka": "Gârjobel, Sânpetru, Girjobel", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "south of Sânpetru, Hateg Basin, western Romania. Possible includes both Garjobel I and Garjobel II (references mix the two names for the same site), as well as older Girjobel Groza site." }, { "genusId": "66740", "genus": "Zalmoxes", "occurrenceId": "1570451", "collectionId": "221782", "identifiedName": "Zalmoxes sp.", "acceptedName": "Zalmoxes", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "77788", "collectionReferenceId": "78206", "cc": "RO", "state": "Hunedoara", "county": "", "formation": "Sînpetru", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Ograda Pustie", "collection_aka": "", "geogscale": "outcrop", "stratscale": "group of beds", "stratcomments": "based on proximity to Sanpetru Scoaba", "geogcomments": "Sânpetru, left side, upstream from Scoaba" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Rhabdodontomorpha", "Rhabdodontoidea", "Zalmoxes" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Rhabdodontomorpha", "clade:Rhabdodontoidea", "genus:66740" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "434088", "64755", "381506", "66740" ], "candidateIds": [ "434088", "64755", "381506", "66740" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "168437", "name": "Zanabazar", "displayName": "Zanabazar", "attribution": "Norell et al. 2009", "rawAttribution": "Norell et al. 2009", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=168437", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Saurornithoidini", "Zanabazar" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "92043", "53374", "53940", "55486", "64113", "57260", "54468", "379275", "518014", "168437" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore", "omnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Retain animal/mixed compatibility for poorly studied genera. Troodon evidence favours plant-dominated omnivory; associated Anchiornis pellets directly record animal feeding. Do not claim every genus was certainly omnivorous.", "references": [ { "id": "D5", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "authors": "Fan, Miller and Pittman", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brv.70145", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; evidence review and conclusions read", "dietSupport": "Troodon broadly construed has strongest support for plant-dominated omnivory; other genera are insufficiently studied. Meal evidence and dental proxies vary; a clade-wide certain omnivore label overstates the evidence.", "webRefs": [ "turn481view0", "turn493view2" ] }, { "id": "G11", "title": "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "authors": "Zheng et al.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; pellet descriptions and attribution read", "dietSupport": "Anchiornis-associated pellets contain lizard bones and fish scales: direct animal-consumption evidence, without establishing exclusive carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn589view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=168437", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Zanabazar", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=168437" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "168437", "genus": "Zanabazar", "occurrenceId": "513569", "collectionId": "52012", "identifiedName": "Saurornithoides junior n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Zanabazar junior", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "13915", "collectionReferenceId": "13915", "cc": "MN", "state": "Omnogov", "county": "", "formation": "Nemegt", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "Bugin Tsav [SMPE]", "collection_aka": "Bugin-Tsab", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "", "geogcomments": "Bugin Tsav (= Bügin Tsav), SW Mongolia" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Averostra", "Tetanurae", "Coelurosauria", "Maniraptoriformes", "Maniraptora", "Paraves", "Deinonychosauria", "Troodontidae", "Troodontinae", "Saurornithoidini", "Zanabazar" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "maniraptoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Ensure consistent Maniraptoriformes ancestors for all nested maniraptorans.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "url": "https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/01_Cau_2024_BSPI_631.pdf", "doi": null, "year": 2024, "access": "Publisher original PDF search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Analysis finds Chilesaurus tetanuran, anchiornithid grade and scansoriopterygids avialan; some traditional small theropod groups not stable." }, { "id": "wang2019", "title": "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z", "year": 2019, "access": "Publisher original abstract/text extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Ambopteryx and Yi belong to Scansoriopterygidae; higher relationships vary." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "clade:Averostra", "clade:Tetanurae", "clade:Coelurosauria", "clade:Maniraptoriformes", "clade:Maniraptora", "clade:Paraves", "clade:Deinonychosauria", "clade:Troodontidae", "clade:Troodontinae", "clade:Saurornithoidini", "genus:168437" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64790", "38573", "168437" ], "candidateIds": [ "64790", "38573", "168437" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "89456", "name": "Zapalasaurus", "displayName": "Zapalasaurus", "attribution": "Salgado et al. 2006", "rawAttribution": "Salgado et al. 2006", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=89456", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Sauropodomorpha", "Massopoda", "Sauropodiformes", "Sauropoda", "Gravisauria", "Eusauropoda", "Neosauropoda", "Diplodocoidea", "Diplodocimorpha", "Rebbachisauridae", "Zapalasaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38505", "38633", "181611", "174880", "38653", "133909", "57437", "57439", "57362", "63872", "57365", "89456" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. 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Extensive 40Ar/39Ar dating of feldspars from intercalated tuffaceous layers of volcanic tuffs at Wucaiwan constrains the age of the specimen to between 158.7 ± 0.3 and 161.2 ± 0.2 Ma, approximately at the Oxfordian/Callovian boundary (Gradstein et al., 2004; Clark et al., 2006b). 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Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "372420", "name": "Zuoyunlong", "displayName": "Zuoyunlong", "attribution": "Wang et al. 2017", "rawAttribution": "Wang et al. 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372420", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Neornithischia", "Pyrodontia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Zuoyunlong" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "71774", "519899", "52800", "38713", "52805", "65255", "52806", "52808", "52809", "71778", "52811", "372420" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Broad predominant herbivory is defensible for included valid body genera. G13 directly samples Diamantinasaurus only; other genera remain anatomical/phylogenetic inferences. Do not label all gut-content evidence.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "G13", "title": "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs", "authors": "Poropat et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.053", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40494280/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Diamantinasaurus cololite contains diverse plants; first direct gut-content support for sauropod herbivory. Clade extrapolation remains an inference for other genera.", "webRefs": [ "turn594view0" ] } ], "confidence": "high", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372420", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Asia" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Zuoyunlong", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372420" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" }, { "title": "Wang et al. (2015), A second hadrosauroid dinosaur from the early Late Cretaceous of Zuoyun", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08912963.2015.1118688", "access": "publisher abstract and indexed author figure" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "372420", "genus": "Zuoyunlong", "occurrenceId": "1407893", "collectionId": "151952", "identifiedName": "Zuoyunlong huangi n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Zuoyunlong huangi", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "66122", "collectionReferenceId": "48567", "cc": "CN", "state": "Shanxi", "county": "Zuoyun", "formation": "Zhumapu", "member": "", "geological_group": "", "collection_name": "2011 Locality 7, Zuoyun (SXMG)", "collection_aka": "Datong", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "lower part of formation, \"early Late Cretaceous\"", "geogcomments": "2011 Locality 7, Zuoyun county, Datong city" }, { "genusId": "372420", "genus": "Zuoyunlong", "cc": "CN", "qualified": false, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-8", "formation": "Zhumapu", "state": "Shanxi", "county": "Zuoyun" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Neornithischia", "Cerapoda", "Ornithopoda", "Iguanodontia", "Euiguanodontia", "Dryomorpha", "Ankylopollexia", "Styracosterna", "Hadrosauriformes", "Hadrosauroidea", "Zuoyunlong" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "neornithischian-ancestry", "rationale": "Repair heterogeneous imported intermediate ancestors without claiming fresh early ornithischian clades uniquely settled.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] }, { "id": "cerapodan-ancestry", "rationale": "Use coherent shared ancestry for all cerapodan descendants; suppress optional Pyrodontia so explicit family repairs cannot create a second parent for Cerapoda.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "fonseca2024", "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577", "year": 2024, "access": "Primary full text and Supplementary Data 1 read", "reviewDate": "2026-10-11", "finding": "Chosen early ornithischian grade: Parapredentata and Saphornithischia precede core ornithischians; sampled silesaurs do not form the imported monophyletic Silesauridae group. Equal-weighting thyreophoran placement retained for Lesothosaurus and Laquintasaura." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Neornithischia", "clade:Cerapoda", "clade:Ornithopoda", "clade:Iguanodontia", "clade:Euiguanodontia", "clade:Dryomorpha", "clade:Ankylopollexia", "clade:Styracosterna", "clade:Hadrosauriformes", "clade:Hadrosauroidea", "genus:372420" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "280675", "372420" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "zhumapu", "shanxi" ], "label": "Zhumapu Formation · Shanxi · CN", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-8", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yunganglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Zhanghenglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yunganglong": [ "1179352" ], "Zuoyunlong": [ "1407893" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Yunganglong": [ "asian-sauropod-7" ], "Zuoyunlong": [ "asian-sauropod-8" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "280675", "372420" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "54098", "name": "Zupaysaurus", "displayName": "Zupaysaurus", "attribution": "Arcucci and Coria 2003", "rawAttribution": "Arcucci and Coria 2003", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54098", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Zupaysaurus" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38513", "56397", "54098" ], "diet": { "values": [ "carnivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Carnivory is a defensible residual only for taxa with predatory anatomy or a stable predatory subclade. Toothless ceratosaurs and unknown-position fragments override it.", "references": [ { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G4", "title": "The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America", "authors": "de Souza et al.", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602317/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed conclusion read; full text blocked", "dietSupport": "Berthasaura edentulous adult morphology suggests herbivory or omnivory rather than inherited carnivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search13", "turn541search21" ] }, { "id": "G5", "title": "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod", "authors": "Wang et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017609/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "PubMed primary abstract read; online 2016, volume 2017", "dietSupport": "Limusaurus changes from toothed juveniles to toothless adults; isotope and gastrolith evidence supports juvenile omnivory and adult herbivory.", "webRefs": [ "turn567view1" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Triassic" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54098", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Zupaysaurus", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54098" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "54098", "genus": "Zupaysaurus", "occurrenceId": "360364", "collectionId": "34132", "identifiedName": "Zupaysaurus rougieri n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Zupaysaurus rougieri", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "8988", "collectionReferenceId": "8988", "cc": "AR", "state": "La Rioja", "county": "", "formation": "Los Colorados", "member": "", "geological_group": "Agua de la Peña", "collection_name": "Quebrada de los Jachaleros", "collection_aka": "Zupaysaurus type, La Esquina/El Salto", "geogscale": "small collection", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "\"upper levels\" of the formation; formation is considered to be latest Triassic in age", "geogcomments": "Locality is given as \"Quebrada de los Jachaleros, 7 km W of R.N. 126, La Rioja province, Argentina\" by Ezcurra & Novas (2007) and Arcucci & Coria (2003). However, according to Arcucci et al. (2004) the locality is \"NW of La Esquina and SE of El Salto\" and is different to the classic \"Quebrada de los Jachaleros\" which is nearby, but in San Juan state. \r\nCoordinates are estimated based upon the map in Arcucci et al. (2004)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Saurischia", "Theropoda", "Neotheropoda", "Zupaysaurus" ], "treeChanges": [], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Saurischia", "clade:Theropoda", "clade:Neotheropoda", "genus:54098" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54098" ], "candidateIds": [ "54098" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } }, { "id": "363977", "name": "Zuul", "displayName": "Zuul", "attribution": "Arbour and Evans 2017", "rawAttribution": "Arbour and Evans 2017", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=363977", "rawPath": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Prionodontia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Zuul" ], "rawPathIds": [ "52775", "38712", "519894", "519895", "519896", "52776", "52777", "52778", "52779", "38816", "519897", "38831", "52798", "363977" ], "diet": { "values": [ "herbivore" ], "status": "group-inferred", "rationale": "Derived ornithischians are broadly plant-based. Basal dinosauriforms/silesaurids and some small early ornithischians need overrides; raw path is not a universal herbivore guarantee.", "references": [ { "id": "G1", "title": "Paleobiology of Herbivorous Dinosaurs", "authors": "Barrett", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105515", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "publisher abstract read", "dietSupport": "Broad anatomical support for high-fibre plant feeding in sauropods and derived ornithischians, with caution about obligate versus facultative feeding.", "webRefs": [ "turn490search0" ] }, { "id": "D1", "title": "Dental form and function in the early feeding diversification of dinosaurs", "authors": "Ballell, Benton and Rayfield", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abq5201", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757754/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "full text; dental analyses and discussion read", "dietSupport": "Quantitative dental inference: Herrerasaurus, Eodromaeus, Buriolestes, Eoraptor animal-based; Thecodontosaurus, Plateosaurus, Massospondylus, Ngwevu plant-based; Saturnalia carnivore/omnivore; Lesothosaurus herbivore/omnivore. Classification models are proxies, not fossil meals.", "webRefs": [ "turn498view0", "turn493view0" ] }, { "id": "G9", "title": "Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform", "authors": "Qvarnström et al.", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.181042", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458417/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract and indexed producer-attribution discussion read", "dietSupport": "Beetle-rich coprolites may be attributable to Silesaurus. Attribution is contextual; insect consumption is not a directly associated body-fossil meal.", "webRefs": [ "turn587search1", "turn587search2" ] }, { "id": "G15", "title": "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)", "authors": "Martz and Small", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.7551", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534843/", "peerReviewed": true, "accessed": "2026-10-10", "readStatus": "primary abstract read", "dietSupport": "Kwanasaurus robust jaws and folidont teeth support specialised plant feeding within an otherwise ecologically varied early dinosauriform grouping.", "webRefs": [ "turn594search3" ] } ], "confidence": "moderate", "qualifier": "Likely", "clueUsable": true }, "period": { "values": [ "Cretaceous" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Union of broad period overlaps in captured occurrences; not a continuous range.", "references": [ { "title": "Frozen PBDB genus and linked occurrence records", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=363977", "snapshot": "2026-10-09" } ] }, "geography": { "values": [ "Americas" ], "status": "source-occurrences", "rationale": "Positive catalogue and reviewed literature localities; not an exhaustive range.", "references": [ { "title": "PBDB genus Zuul", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=363977" }, { "title": "Roster inclusion policy", "url": "roster-policy.json" } ] }, "footprint": [ { "genusId": "363977", "genus": "Zuul", "occurrenceId": "1386070", "collectionId": "190394", "identifiedName": "Zuul crurivastator n. gen. n. sp.", "acceptedName": "Zuul crurivastator", "qualified": false, "occurrenceReferenceId": "62290", "collectionReferenceId": "62290", "cc": "US", "state": "Montana", "county": "Hill", "formation": "Judith River", "member": "Coal Ridge", "geological_group": "Montana", "collection_name": "Theropoda Exp LLC Locality LC02(Q)", "collection_aka": "John Wodarz Bridge, Havre", "geogscale": "local area", "stratscale": "bed", "stratcomments": "Coal Ridge Member of the Judith River Formation. The Coal Ridge Member was deposited between 76.2 and 75.2Ma", "geogcomments": "Approx. 5 km NW of John Wodarz Bridge, in badlands exposures along N side of Milk River Drainage near Havre, Montana (Section 35, Township 33N, Range 15E)" } ], "aliases": [], "holds": [], "changes": [], "path": [ "Dinosauria", "Ornithischia", "Parapredentata", "Saphornithischia", "Genasauria", "Thyreophora", "Thyreophoroidea", "Eurypoda", "Ankylosauria", "Euankylosauria", "Ankylosauridae", "Ankylosaurinae", "Zuul" ], "treeChanges": [ { "id": "tyreophoran-ancestry", "rationale": "Use common conservative ornithischian armored-dinosaur ancestry.", "references": [ { "id": "madzia2021", "title": "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8667728/", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.12362", "year": 2021, "access": "Primary original indexed text/abstract; direct full-text open later returned CAPTCHA", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Defines named ornithischian clades; ancestry cannot be inferred from database family ranks alone." }, { "id": "raven2023", "title": "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433", "year": 2023, "access": "Publisher original abstract/search extract", "reviewDate": "2026-10-10", "finding": "Traditional Nodosauridae paraphyletic; proposed Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae." } ] } ], "pathIds": [ "clade:Dinosauria", "clade:Ornithischia", "clade:Parapredentata", "clade:Saphornithischia", "clade:Genasauria", "clade:Thyreophora", "clade:Thyreophoroidea", "clade:Eurypoda", "clade:Ankylosauria", "clade:Euankylosauria", "clade:Ankylosauridae", "clade:Ankylosaurinae", "genus:363977" ], "profileComplete": true, "fairness": { "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "candidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, "answerEligible": true, "approval": { "tree": "working topology recorded", "clues": "reviewed rules and explicit exceptions", "fairness": "within five", "release": "eligible in Expert" } } ], "excluded": [ { "id": "69227", "name": "Saurornithoides", "attribution": "Nopcsa 1928", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=69227", "reason": "Use Saurornithoides Osborn 1924 (PBDB 38573), the troodontid genus treated in the published taxonomic review. Hold the same-name Nopcsa 1928 record (PBDB 69227) out of the expanded roster for nomenclatural review. This is an explicit identity selection, not a merger of records or their occurrence evidence.", "decisionId": "saurornithoides-identity", "references": [ { "label": "Norell et al. 2009 · Saurornithoides taxonomic review", "url": "https://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/rowe/Publications/pdf/068%20Norell%20et%20al%202009.pdf" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "154360", "name": "Ancistrodon", "attribution": "Huxley 1865", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=154360", "reason": "PBDB 154360 is attributed to Huxley 1865 and placed directly under Dinosauria, but its only captured occurrence 434618 is Ancistrodon libycus from the Ypresian of Saudi Arabia. Priem treats that species name among fossil fish. Modern work treats Huxley’s Ankistrodon indicus as an Early Triassic proterosuchid archosauriform. The record appears to combine distinct historical names; the exact database repair is unresolved.", "decisionId": "ancistrodon-record-mismatch", "references": [ { "label": "Priem 1914 · fossil fish discussion, Smithsonian translation", "url": "https://naturalhistory.si.edu/sites/default/files/media/translated_publications/Priem_14.pdf" }, { "label": "Ezcurra et al. 2023 · Panchet archosauriform review", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10598453/" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "307772", "name": "Shuuvuia", "attribution": "Chiappe et al. 1998", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=307772", "reason": "Use only Shuvuuia (66043). Both PBDB spellings cite the same original description; primary systematic treatment and spelling-correction opinions support one genus. The user approved this explicit identity exception. Hold Shuuvuia (307772) out as a duplicate spelling identity, without transferring occurrence evidence or ancestry.", "decisionId": "shuvuuia-identity", "references": [ { "label": "Chiappe et al. 1998 · original description", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/32642" }, { "label": "Captured PBDB identities and systematic evidence", "url": "shuvuuia-review.html" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "66560", "name": "Hylosaurus", "attribution": "Mantell 1833", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66560", "reason": "Use Hylaeosaurus (38822). The Hylosaurus record (66560) has the same Mantell 1833 attribution and original reference, no linked occurrences or child species, and a selected opinion explicitly marked misspelling. This is an approved spelling-identity hold; distinguish the database Mantell record from Fitzinger’s later Hylosaurus mantelli, treated as a nomen nudum by Raven. Preserve both records without transferring fossil evidence or ancestry.", "decisionId": "hylosaurus-spelling-identity", "references": [ { "label": "Raven · Hylaeosaurus taxonomic history, section 2.4", "url": "https://cris.brighton.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/23893138/Raven_PhD_Thesis.pdf" }, { "label": "Captured database evidence and identity review", "url": "nodosaur-identity-review.html" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "53046", "name": "Hoplosaurus", "attribution": "Seeley 1881", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53046", "reason": "Retain Struthiosaurus (38830); hold Hoplosaurus Seeley 1881 (53046) out as a separate genus. The Dinosauria distribution chapter (2004) includes Hoplosaurus ischyrus within Struthiosaurus austriacus. PBDB still accepts Hoplosaurus and also attaches older Pelorosaurus synonymy opinions apparently involving a separate sauropod spelling usage. The full 2001 taxonomic reappraisal has not been inspected; do not assert a completed formal synonymy or database repair. This approved hold does not merge fossils, names or ancestry.", "decisionId": "hoplosaurus-identity-hold", "references": [ { "label": "Weishampel et al. 2004 · Dinosaur distribution, Austrian Gosau entry", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234025996_Dinosaur_Distribution" }, { "label": "Upchurch et al. 2011 · separate Oplosaurus spelling usage", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278025152_Sauropod_dinosaurs" }, { "label": "Captured database evidence and review limits", "url": "nodosaur-identity-review.html" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "370667", "name": "Eosauropoda", "attribution": "Bonaparte 1986", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=370667", "reason": "PBDB 370667 self-accepts Eosauropoda Bonaparte 1986 at genus rank. The cited original publication instead treats Eosauropoda as a suprageneric grouping containing named genera. Exclude this rank-mismatched identity from guesses and answers. Preserve the source record; no genus, occurrence or ancestry transfer, and no new working-tree group is introduced.", "decisionId": "eosauropoda-rank-mismatch", "references": [ { "label": "Bonaparte 1986 · Smithsonian-hosted translation, pp. 38–39 and figure 65", "url": "https://naturalhistory.si.edu/sites/default/files/media/translated_publications/Bonaparte_86b.pdf" }, { "label": "Captured PBDB identity and original locality review", "url": "priority-proposals-review.html" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "68043", "name": "Nemegtia", "attribution": "Lü et al. 2004", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=68043", "reason": "Use Nemegtomaia (95490) as the single dinosaur genus identity. Lü et al. 2005 formally replaced Nemegtia Lü et al. 2004 because that name was preoccupied by an ostracod. PBDB separately accepts the empty Nemegtia record (68043), but already links the original type occurrence to Nemegtomaia. Hold the former-name identity out of independent guesses and answers. Preserve all three canonical occurrences and the supported Nemegt and Baruungoyot profiles, including unresolved specimen-level horizon uncertainty. No occurrence transfer or ancestry amendment is introduced.", "decisionId": "nemegtomaia-replacement-name", "references": [ { "label": "Lü et al. 2005 · formal replacement name", "url": "https://www.kahaku.go.jp/albums/abm.php?d=4746&f=abm00002251.pdf&n=BNSM_C3106.pdf" }, { "label": "Fanti, Currie & Badamgarav 2012 · both supported formations", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0031330" }, { "label": "Captured identities and before/after locality checks · JSON", "url": "nemegtomaia-review.json" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "94334", "name": "Eucentrosaurus", "attribution": "Chure and McIntosh 1989", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=94334", "decisionId": "eucentrosaurus-identity-review", "reason": "Replacement name for the same nominal type species already represented by Centrosaurus; no independent answer animal.", "references": [ { "label": "Olshevsky1991. A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope1869, excluding advanced Crocodylia. MesozoicMeanderings2.", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf" }, { "label": "Nessov1995. Dinosaurs of northern Eurasia. Smithsonian English translation.", "url": "https://naturalhistory.si.edu/sites/default/files/media/translated_publications/Nessov%252095.pdf" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "383092", "name": "Proiguanodon", "attribution": "Van Den Broeck 1900", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=383092", "decisionId": "proiguanodon-identity-review", "reason": "Original source uses this as a grouping within Iguanodon, not a separate described genus. It includes more than one later genus, so a single genus alias would be misleading.", "references": [ { "label": "Van den Broeck1900. Les dépôts à Iguanodons de Bernissart. MémSocBelgeGéol14:39–112.", "url": "https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-de-la-societe-belge-de-geologie/014-1900/bsbg_14_1900_mem_p039-112.pdf" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "435994", "name": "Proyandusaurus", "attribution": "Knoll 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=435994", "decisionId": "proyandusaurus-identity-review", "reason": "Both publications expressly identify the same nominal Yandusaurus multidens species; this is not evidence for a second fossil animal.", "references": [ { "label": "Knoll1999. The family Fabrosauridae. IV European Workshop on Vertebrate Palaeontology, Programme and Abstracts, p65.", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259872954_IV_EUROPEAN_WORKSHOP_ON_VERTEBRATE_PALAEONTOLOGY_Programme_and_Abstracts_Field_guide" }, { "label": "Barrett, Butler & Knoll2005. Small-bodied ornithischian dinosaurs from the Middle Jurassic of Sichuan, China. JVP25:823–834.", "url": "https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/12933" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "382945", "name": "Nectosaurus", "attribution": "Versluys 1910", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=382945", "decisionId": "nectosaurus-identity-review", "reason": "This is the1910 dinosaur usage for Brown’s navajovius skull, not marine Nectosaurus Merriam1905. PBDB itself records the usage as a recombination of the accepted Kritosaurus navajovius species.", "references": [ { "label": "Versluys1910. Streptostylie bei Dinosauriern, nebst Bemerkungen über die Verwandtschaft der Vögel und Dinosaurier. ZoolJahrbAnat30:175–260.", "url": "https://archive.org/download/zoologischejahrb1030jena/zoologischejahrb1030jena_djvu.txt" }, { "label": "PBDB fresh species53196 identity/opinions snapshot retrieved2026-10-10.", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/data1.2/taxa/opinions.json?base_id=53196&op_type=all&show=basis,ref" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "67715", "name": "Galveosaurus", "attribution": "Sánchez-Hernández 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67715", "decisionId": "galve-shared-holotype", "reason": "Both names denote the same holotype CLH-16. Galvesaurus is used by 2012/2019/2024 revisions and has the richer PBDB record, but priority dispute remains disclosed, not judicially resolved.", "references": [ { "label": "Sánchez-Hernández 2005, Galveosaurus herreroi, Zootaxa 1034:1–20", "url": "https://mapress.com/zootaxa/2005f/z01034p020f.pdf" }, { "label": "Sánchez-Hernández 2006, nomenclatural-priority discussion, Zootaxa 1201:63–68", "url": "https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/z01201p068f.pdf" }, { "label": "Barco and Canudo 2012, On the phylogenetic position of the sauropod Galvesaurus, and other reflections", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235930354_On_the_phylogenetic_position_of_the_sauropod_Galvesaurus_and_other_reflections" }, { "label": "Pérez-Pueyo et al. 2019, New contributions to the phylogenetic position of the sauropod Galvesaurus herreroi, Boletín Geológico y Minero 130(3):375–392", "url": "https://web.igme.es/boletin/2019/130_3/BGM_130-3_Art-1.pdf" }, { "label": "Mocho et al. 2024, Garumbatitan morellensis, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201(1):214 onward", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/201/1/214/7281765" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "83019", "name": "Microsaurops", "attribution": "Kuhn 1964", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=83019", "decisionId": "microsaurops-identity-review", "reason": "Published revision1991 treats it as a spelling/replacement artifact under Microcoelus, not an independently described animal.", "references": [ { "label": "Olshevsky 1991, A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, excluding the advanced Crocodylia, p.145", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf" }, { "label": "Chure and McIntosh 1989, A bibliography of the Dinosauria (exclusive of the Aves), Annals of the Carnegie Museum", "url": "https://file.iflora.cn/fastdfs/group3/M00/00/EE/wKhnrV3GtuGAOXLpAMQOBlhmY8o183.pdf" }, { "label": "Kuhn 1964, Ungelöste Probleme der Stammesgeschichte der Amphibien und Reptilien, Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg 118/119:293–325", "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/data1.2/refs/single.json?id=36192" } ], "reconsideration": null }, { "id": "313245", "name": "Dachongosaurus", "attribution": "Zhao 1985", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=313245", "reason": "Explicit nomen nudum for Dachungosaurus, with Dachongosaurus alternative spelling. Revision states remains undescribed although an in-situ photograph was published. A photographed skeleton alone is not an independently diagnosed genus.", "decisionId": "dachongosaurus-inclusion-exception", "references": [ { "label": "Olshevsky, G. 1991. A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope 1869, excluding advanced Crocodylia. Mesozoic Meanderings 2.", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf" }, { "label": "iczn13", "url": "https://code.iczn.org/chapter-4-criteria-of-availability/article-13-names-published-after-1930/" } ], "reconsideration": "A qualifying formal taxonomic publication that establishes an available name with differentiating characters and appropriate type-species fixation, or a demonstrated later validation. Additional locality or faunal-list mentions alone are insufficient." }, { "id": "313242", "name": "Oshanosaurus", "attribution": "Zhao 1985", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=313242", "reason": "Explicit nomen nudum. Revision states remains undescribed and appears in a faunal list. No later formal validation found. Do not assume Eshanosaurus synonymy or automatically redirect.", "decisionId": "oshanosaurus-inclusion-exception", "references": [ { "label": "Olshevsky, G. 1991. A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope 1869, excluding advanced Crocodylia. Mesozoic Meanderings 2.", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf" }, { "label": "iczn13", "url": "https://code.iczn.org/chapter-4-criteria-of-availability/article-13-names-published-after-1930/" } ], "reconsideration": "A qualifying formal taxonomic publication that establishes an available name with differentiating characters and appropriate type-species fixation, or a demonstrated later validation. Additional locality or faunal-list mentions alone are insufficient." }, { "id": "313240", "name": "Damalasaurus", "attribution": "Zhao 1985", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=313240", "reason": "Explicit nomen nudum. Historical magnus/laticostalis usages do not establish available independently diagnosed genus. Zhao1983 p302 mentions Damalosaurus only as evolutionary example. Geographic disambiguation does not repair nomenclatural availability.", "decisionId": "damalasaurus-inclusion-exception", "references": [ { "label": "Olshevsky, G. 1991. A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope 1869, excluding advanced Crocodylia. Mesozoic Meanderings 2.", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf" }, { "label": "iczn13", "url": "https://code.iczn.org/chapter-4-criteria-of-availability/article-13-names-published-after-1930/" }, { "label": "Zhao1983. Phylogeny and evolutionary stages of Dinosauria. APP28:295-306.", "url": "https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app28/app28-295.pdf" } ], "reconsideration": "A qualifying formal taxonomic publication that establishes an available name with differentiating characters and appropriate type-species fixation, or a demonstrated later validation. Additional locality or faunal-list mentions alone are insufficient." }, { "id": "65648", "name": "Microdontosaurus", "attribution": "Zhao 1983", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65648", "reason": "Explicit nomen nudum. Zhao1983 p304 provides only a brief evolutionary example. Geographic and Chaya locality data do not establish nomenclatural availability.", "decisionId": "microdontosaurus-inclusion-exception", "references": [ { "label": "Olshevsky, G. 1991. A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope 1869, excluding advanced Crocodylia. Mesozoic Meanderings 2.", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf" }, { "label": "iczn13", "url": "https://code.iczn.org/chapter-4-criteria-of-availability/article-13-names-published-after-1930/" }, { "label": "Zhao1983. Phylogeny and evolutionary stages of Dinosauria. APP28:295-306.", "url": "https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app28/app28-295.pdf" } ], "reconsideration": "A qualifying formal taxonomic publication that establishes an available name with differentiating characters and appropriate type-species fixation, or a demonstrated later validation. Additional locality or faunal-list mentions alone are insufficient." }, { "id": "92286", "name": "Ponerosteus", "attribution": "Olshevsky 2000", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=92286", "reason": "Olshevsky 2000 naming-author statement calls the genus and species nomina dubia and doubtfully dinosaurian. A specimen which cannot securely establish even dinosaur affinity or an independently diagnosable genus is unsuitable as a separate playable genus.", "decisionId": "ponerosteus-inclusion-exception", "references": [ { "label": "Olshevsky, G. 2000. Dinosaur Genera List corrections #141. Dinosaur Mailing List, 10 May 2000. Contemporaneous explanation of the replacement name published in Mesozoic Meanderings 3.", "url": "https://reptilis.net/DML/2000May/msg00176.html" } ], "reconsideration": "Published modern redescription establishes dinosaur affinity and diagnostic identity from the type or securely associated material." }, { "id": "313238", "name": "Xuanhuasaurus", "attribution": "Zhao 1985", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=313238", "reason": "Zhao et al. 2006 p467 explicitly labels the earlier Xuanhuasaurus niei nomen dubium while stating no holotype, diagnosis or description was provided. Olshevsky 1991 p159 labels Xuanhuasaurus nomen nudum. An undescribed historical name for the material later formally described as Xuanhuaceratops; retained in the history, not counted as a separate playable genus.", "decisionId": "xuanhuasaurus-inclusion-exception", "references": [ { "label": "Zhao, X., Cheng, Z., Xu, X. & Makovicky, P.J. 2006. A New Ceratopsian from the Upper Jurassic Houcheng Formation of Hebei, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 80(4):467–473.", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter-Makovicky-2/publication/229792307_A_New_Ceratopsian_from_the_Upper_Jurassic_Houcheng_Formation_of_Hebei_China/links/5af9ece40f7e9b3b0bef7011/A-New-Ceratopsian-from-the-Upper-Jurassic-Houcheng-Formation-of-Hebei-China.pdf" }, { "label": "Olshevsky, G. 1991. A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope 1869, excluding advanced Crocodylia. Mesozoic Meanderings 2.", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf" }, { "label": "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Article 13. Names published after 1930.", "url": "https://code.iczn.org/chapter-4-criteria-of-availability/article-13-names-published-after-1930/" } ], "reconsideration": "Original or later formal evidence establishes Xuanhuasaurus as an independently available and diagnostic genus, rather than this historical undescribed label." }, { "id": "268200", "name": "Actiosaurus", "attribution": "Sauvage 1883", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=268200", "reason": "Type reassessment calls the species inquirenda and identifies possible choristodere propodials, not a demonstrated dinosaur.", "decisionId": "expert-final-268200", "references": [ { "authors": "Valentin Fischer, Henri Cappetta, Peggy Vincent, Géraldine Garcia, Stijn Goolaerts, Jeremy E. Martin, Daniel Roggero and Xavier Valentin", "year": 2014, "title": "Ichthyosaurs from the French Rhaetian indicate a severe turnover across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary", "url": "https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/172355/1/Fischer%26al2014NatWis.pdf", "doi": "10.1007/s00114-014-1242-7", "access": "Original author manuscript downloaded; taxonomic table and Actiosaurus reassessment read.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Table 1 and taxonomic scheme; original Naturwissenschaften 101, 1027–1040" } ], "reconsideration": "A peer-reviewed type reassessment demonstrates dinosaur identity and diagnostic genus material." }, { "id": "66343", "name": "Alwalkeria", "attribution": "Chatterjee and Creisler 1994", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66343", "reason": "2025 reassessment assigned the type-associated femur to Lagerpetidae and introduced Alickmeron; 2026 correction makes Alickmeron an objective junior synonym of Alwalkeria. Original assemblage is heterogeneous.", "decisionId": "expert-final-66343", "references": [ { "authors": "Sulagna Sen and Sanghamitra Ray", "year": 2025, "title": "Taxonomic reassessment of archosaurs with dinosaurian affinities from the lower fauna of the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of India and their significance", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2025.2546434", "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2025.2546434", "access": "Primary publisher abstract accessed; proposes Alickmeron in Lagerpetidae.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Skye N. McDavid, Cy Marchant and Iain Reid", "year": 2026, "title": "Alickmeron Sen & Ray, 2025 is an objective junior synonym of Alwalkeria Chatterjee & Creisler, 1994", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2025.2604088", "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2025.2604088", "access": "Primary publisher-indexed abstract accessed; establishes objective junior synonymy. Full systematic placement requires companion reviewer verification.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ], "reconsideration": "Resolve latest type-based phylogenetic placement and apply dinosaur-scope policy. Never adopt Alickmeron as a second animal." }, { "id": "56608", "name": "Avalonianus", "attribution": "Kuhn 1961", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56608", "reason": "The name-bearing tooth material is indeterminate archosaurian; historically associated postcranium does not diagnose this genus and relates to Camelotia.", "decisionId": "expert-final-56608", "references": [ { "authors": "Owain Evans, Cindy Howells, Nathan Wintle and Michael J. Benton", "year": 2025, "title": "Re-assessment of a large archosaur dentary from the Late Triassic of South Wales, United Kingdom", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2025.101142", "doi": "10.1016/j.pgeola.2025.101142", "access": "Original publisher-indexed article text accessed; full PDF mirror failed. Supports chimeric Avalonia/Avalonianus with indeterminate archosaur tooth component.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ], "reconsideration": "New peer-reviewed diagnostic name-bearing material establishes a defensible dinosaur genus." }, { "id": "57248", "name": "Bagaraatan", "attribution": "Osmólska 1996", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57248", "reason": "The 2024 redescription partitions the original skeleton into a juvenile indeterminate tyrannosaurid type and caenagnathid hindlimb elements. Alleged diagnostic type features may be ontogenetic or individual variation; no supported automatic Tarbosaurus/Alioramus alias follows.", "decisionId": "expert-final-57248", "references": [ { "id": "slowiak2024", "title": "Reassessment of the enigmatic Late Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Bagaraatan ostromi", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": "2024-02-16", "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad169", "url": "https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/387760326/Manuscript-Bagaraatan_final.pdf", "access": "full_primary_accepted_manuscript", "sectionsInspected": [ "Holotype partition", "Phylogenetic affinities", "Validity discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ], "reconsideration": "Reconsider after a specimen-based rediagnosis or nomenclatural decision establishes a defensible independent genus. Preserve the original records; do not transfer the whole historical fossil assemblage." }, { "id": "65646", "name": "Changdusaurus", "attribution": "Zhao 1985", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65646", "reason": "Historical Changtusaurus/Changdusaurus draft-name spellings; no formal genus description found.", "decisionId": "expert-final-65646", "references": [ { "authors": "Zhao Xijin", "year": 1983, "title": "Phylogeny and evolutionary stages of Dinosauria", "url": "https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app28/app28-295.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original primary paper full text read.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 28(1–2), 295–306; page 302" }, { "authors": "George Olshevsky", "year": 1991, "title": "A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, excluding the advanced Crocodylia", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original nomenclatural revision PDF downloaded and relevant entries read; not a modern peer-reviewed anatomical reassessment.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Printed pages 124, 126, 131, 152, 155, 158 and Yezosaurus entry" }, { "authors": "International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature", "year": 1999, "title": "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Article 13", "url": "https://code.iczn.org/chapter-4-criteria-of-availability/article-13-names-published-after-1930/", "doi": null, "access": "Official code read; application to particular names is an audit inference, not a Commission ruling.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ], "reconsideration": "Locate a compliant formal description with type species." }, { "id": "38639", "name": "Coloradia", "attribution": "Bonaparte 1979", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38639", "reason": "Preoccupied by the moth genus; retained Coloradisaurus is the replacement.", "decisionId": "expert-final-38639", "references": [ { "authors": "George Olshevsky", "year": 1991, "title": "A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, excluding the advanced Crocodylia", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original nomenclatural revision PDF downloaded and relevant entries read; not a modern peer-reviewed anatomical reassessment.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Printed pages 124, 126, 131, 152, 155, 158 and Yezosaurus entry" }, { "authors": "Tyler Greenfield, Garrett Bivens and André Fonseca", "year": 2020, "title": "The correct authorship of Coloradisaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha): Galton, 1990, not Lambert, 1983", "url": "https://www.biotaxa.org/bzn/article/view/66105", "doi": "10.21805/bzn.v77.a050", "access": "Original publisher abstract and author-uploaded text accessed.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Álvaro Mones", "year": 2025, "title": "The correct year of publication of Coloradia brevis Bonaparte (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) is 1979, not 1978", "url": "https://www.biotaxa.org/bzn/article/download/88099/82765", "doi": "10.21805/bzn.v82.a029", "access": "Original primary nomenclatural note PDF read.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ], "reconsideration": "No independent slot; restore only if evidence establishes a different available dinosaur identity." }, { "id": "435996", "name": "Eugongbusaurus", "attribution": "Knoll 1999", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=435996", "reason": "The 1999 abstract proposes this new genus without a qualifying generic differential description or reference to one; unavailability is an Article 13.1 inference. Type fixation through monotypy is not the asserted defect.", "decisionId": "expert-final-435996", "references": [ { "authors": "Fabien Knoll", "year": 1999, "title": "The family Fabrosauridae (conference abstract)", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259872954_IV_EUROPEAN_WORKSHOP_ON_VERTEBRATE_PALAEONTOLOGY_Programme_and_Abstracts_Field_guide", "doi": null, "access": "Original conference abstract in editor-uploaded proceedings read. Original RERO mirror now returns 410.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "IV European Workshop on Vertebrate Palaeontology, Albarracín, Spain, Programme and Abstracts, page 65" }, { "authors": "International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature", "year": 1999, "title": "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Article 13", "url": "https://code.iczn.org/chapter-4-criteria-of-availability/article-13-names-published-after-1930/", "doi": null, "access": "Official code read; application to particular names is an audit inference, not a Commission ruling.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ], "reconsideration": "A compliant formal generic description, or demonstrate availability of the original act." }, { "id": "65168", "name": "Fenestrosaurus", "attribution": "Osborn 1924", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65168", "reason": "Informal preliminary name of Oviraptor, not an additional animal.", "decisionId": "expert-final-65168", "references": [ { "authors": "George Olshevsky", "year": 1991, "title": "A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, excluding the advanced Crocodylia", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original nomenclatural revision PDF downloaded and relevant entries read; not a modern peer-reviewed anatomical reassessment.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Printed pages 124, 126, 131, 152, 155, 158 and Yezosaurus entry" } ], "reconsideration": "A separate available genus with independently diagnostic material." }, { "id": "450385", "name": "Himeoolithus", "attribution": "Tanaka et al. 2020", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=450385", "reason": "Explicitly an egg oogenus, not an independently identified body genus.", "decisionId": "expert-final-450385", "references": [ { "authors": "Kohei Tanaka and coauthors", "year": 2020, "title": "Exceptionally small theropod eggs from the Lower Cretaceous Ohyamashimo Formation of Tamba, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667120302056", "doi": "10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104519", "access": "Original publisher abstract accessed; explicitly introduces oogenus and oospecies.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ], "reconsideration": "Change game scope to include egg taxa; a body-genus association alone would not create an independent animal." }, { "id": "38560", "name": "Ingenia", "attribution": "Barsbold 1981", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38560", "reason": "Ingenia Barsbold 1981 is preoccupied by the nematode genus Ingenia Gerlach 1957; replacement Ajancingenia later becomes a subjective synonym of Heyuannia in the adopted revision.", "decisionId": "expert-final-38560", "references": [ { "id": "easter2013", "title": "A new name for the oviraptorid dinosaur Ingenia yanshini (Barsbold, 1981; preoccupied by Gerlach, 1957)", "publicationYear": 2013, "publicationDate": "2013-11-19", "doi": "10.11646/zootaxa.3737.2.6", "url": "https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3737.2.6", "access": "primary_abstract_and_first_page", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "funston2018", "title": "Oviraptorosaur anatomy, diversity and ecology in the Nemegt Basin", "publicationYear": 2018, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.023", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320986075_Oviraptorosaur_anatomy_diversity_and_ecology_in_the_Nemegt_Basin", "access": "full_primary_accepted_manuscript", "sectionsInspected": [ "Heyuannia systematic section", "Referrals", "Taxonomic discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ], "reconsideration": "Reconsider after a specimen-based rediagnosis or nomenclatural decision establishes a defensible independent genus. Preserve the original records; do not transfer the whole historical fossil assemblage." }, { "id": "91407", "name": "Koutalisaurus", "attribution": "Prieto-Márquez et al. 2006", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=91407", "reason": "The supposed distinctive symphyseal projection on IPS 29920 was partly preparation infill. The 2013 revision identifies the cleaned dentary as indeterminate Lambeosaurinae and explicitly cannot refer it to Pararhabdodon. The 2021 Ajnabia matrix does not rebut this diagnostic failure.", "decisionId": "expert-final-91407", "references": [ { "id": "prietomarquez2013", "title": "Diversity, Relationships, and Biogeography of the Lambeosaurine Dinosaurs from the European Archipelago, with Description of the New Aralosaurin Canardia garonnensis", "publicationYear": 2013, "publicationDate": "2013-07-26", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0069835", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069835", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Koutalisaurus / Les Llaus dentary comparison", "Systematics", "Taxonomic discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "longrich2021", "title": "The first duckbill dinosaur (Hadrosauridae: Lambeosaurinae) from Africa and the role of oceanic dispersal in dinosaur biogeography", "publicationYear": 2021, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104678", "url": "https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/225829898/Longrich_et_al._2021_African_hadrosaur_Ajnabia_odysseus.pdf", "access": "full_primary_accepted_manuscript", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxon sampling", "Phylogeny", "Biogeography" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Koutalisaurus as an analytical OTU does not address the removed diagnostic preparation infill or explicitly revalidate it." } ], "reconsideration": "Reconsider after a specimen-based rediagnosis or nomenclatural decision establishes a defensible independent genus. Preserve the original records; do not transfer the whole historical fossil assemblage." }, { "id": "66640", "name": "Ngexisaurus", "attribution": "Zhao 1983", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66640", "reason": "Zhao lists this name but provides no qualifying individual diagnosis or type fixation; no subsequent formal description located.", "decisionId": "expert-final-66640", "references": [ { "authors": "Zhao Xijin", "year": 1983, "title": "Phylogeny and evolutionary stages of Dinosauria", "url": "https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app28/app28-295.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original primary paper full text read.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 28(1–2), 295–306; page 302" }, { "authors": "International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature", "year": 1999, "title": "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Article 13", "url": "https://code.iczn.org/chapter-4-criteria-of-availability/article-13-names-published-after-1930/", "doi": null, "access": "Official code read; application to particular names is an audit inference, not a Commission ruling.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ], "reconsideration": "Locate a compliant formal description and type designation." }, { "id": "66988", "name": "Ornithomimidorum", "attribution": "Huene 1926", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66988", "reason": "Provisional Latin grouping phrase, not an independently erected genus; B later became Betasuchus. Do not alias the entire A/B grouping to one genus.", "decisionId": "expert-final-66988", "references": [ { "authors": "Eric Buffetaut", "year": 2025, "title": "Abelisaurids before Abelisaurus: early reports of abelisaurid theropods from Europe", "url": "https://fundacionazara.org.ar/img/revista-historia-natural/tercera-serie-volumen-15-1-2025/HN_15_1_181-194.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original peer-reviewed review PDF read.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Historia Natural 15(1), 181–194, especially page 187" } ], "reconsideration": "Demonstrate an available independent genus name and type species." }, { "id": "65172", "name": "Ovoraptor", "attribution": "Osborn 1924", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65172", "reason": "Informal preliminary name of Velociraptor.", "decisionId": "expert-final-65172", "references": [ { "authors": "George Olshevsky", "year": 1991, "title": "A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, excluding the advanced Crocodylia", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original nomenclatural revision PDF downloaded and relevant entries read; not a modern peer-reviewed anatomical reassessment.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Printed pages 124, 126, 131, 152, 155, 158 and Yezosaurus entry" } ], "reconsideration": "A separate available genus with independently diagnostic material." }, { "id": "105576", "name": "Priodontosaurus", "attribution": "Romer 1966", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=105576", "reason": "Catalogued incorrect spelling of Priodontognathus. Canonical genus is absent from current selected set; do not create an alias to a nonexistent game target.", "decisionId": "expert-final-105576", "references": [ { "authors": "George Olshevsky", "year": 1991, "title": "A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, excluding the advanced Crocodylia", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original nomenclatural revision PDF downloaded and relevant entries read; not a modern peer-reviewed anatomical reassessment.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Printed pages 124, 126, 131, 152, 155, 158 and Yezosaurus entry" } ], "reconsideration": "Correct source spelling/identity and explicitly approve canonical genus separately." }, { "id": "66638", "name": "Sangonghesaurus", "attribution": "Zhao 1983", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66638", "reason": "Listed without a type species or qualifying original description. Do not infer synonymy with Tianchisaurus.", "decisionId": "expert-final-66638", "references": [ { "authors": "Zhao Xijin", "year": 1983, "title": "Phylogeny and evolutionary stages of Dinosauria", "url": "https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app28/app28-295.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original primary paper full text read.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 28(1–2), 295–306; page 302" }, { "authors": "George Olshevsky", "year": 1991, "title": "A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, excluding the advanced Crocodylia", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original nomenclatural revision PDF downloaded and relevant entries read; not a modern peer-reviewed anatomical reassessment.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Printed pages 124, 126, 131, 152, 155, 158 and Yezosaurus entry" }, { "authors": "International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature", "year": 1999, "title": "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Article 13", "url": "https://code.iczn.org/chapter-4-criteria-of-availability/article-13-names-published-after-1930/", "doi": null, "access": "Official code read; application to particular names is an audit inference, not a Commission ruling.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ], "reconsideration": "Published compliant diagnosis, type species and independently identifiable material." }, { "id": "168391", "name": "Sauraechmodon", "attribution": null, "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=168391", "reason": "Unused historical name for Echinodon, not an independently diagnosed animal. Exact nomenclatural availability need not be asserted for this duplicate-slot exclusion.", "decisionId": "expert-final-168391", "references": [ { "authors": "George Olshevsky", "year": 1991, "title": "A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, excluding the advanced Crocodylia", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original nomenclatural revision PDF downloaded and relevant entries read; not a modern peer-reviewed anatomical reassessment.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Printed pages 124, 126, 131, 152, 155, 158 and Yezosaurus entry" } ], "reconsideration": "Evidence for a separate available genus identity." }, { "id": "65370", "name": "Saurophaganax", "attribution": "Chure 1995", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65370", "reason": "The 2024 revision finds holotype OMNH 1123 unidentifiable as a diagnostic theropod and probably sauropod in morphology. Saurophaganax is not simply renamed Allosaurus anax; only particular formerly referred specimens support the new species.", "decisionId": "expert-final-65370", "references": [ { "id": "danison2024", "title": "Chimerism of specimens referred to Saurophaganax maximus reveals a new species of Allosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda)", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": "2024-12-21", "doi": "10.18435/vamp29404", "url": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_c/2024/Danison%2Bet%2Bal%2BSaurophaganax_dd.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Systematics", "OMNH 1123 discussion", "Allosaurus anax diagnosis", "Table 3 referrals", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Important version discrepancy: the DOI landing-page abstract says dual validity / valid diplodocid, but the final published PDF abstract and text explicitly state nomen dubium. Findings here follow the final 2024-12-21 PDF, not the stale landing-page abstract." } ], "reconsideration": "Reconsider after a specimen-based rediagnosis or nomenclatural decision establishes a defensible independent genus. Preserve the original records; do not transfer the whole historical fossil assemblage." }, { "id": "67050", "name": "Sauropus", "attribution": "Hitchcock 1845", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67050", "reason": "Footprint ichnogenus; revised type is indeterminate worn track material.", "decisionId": "expert-final-67050", "references": [ { "authors": "Paul E. Olsen and Donald Baird", "year": 1986, "title": "The ichnogenus Atreipus and its significance for Triassic biostratigraphy", "url": "https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~polsen/nbcp/olsen_baird_86.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original revision PDF downloaded and Appendix 1 read.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "In The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs, pages 61–87; Appendix 1 pages 78–79" } ], "reconsideration": "Change game scope to include ichnotaxa." }, { "id": "38525", "name": "Syntarsus", "attribution": "Raath 1969", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38525", "reason": "The dinosaur generic name is preoccupied by Syntarsus Fairmaire 1869. Unqualified Syntarsus is also ambiguous between rhodesiensis and kayentakatae. Do not redirect every Syntarsus guess to Megapnosaurus.", "decisionId": "expert-final-38525", "references": [ { "id": "mcdavidbugos2022", "title": "Taxonomic notes on Megapnosaurus and 'Syntarsus' (Theropoda: Coelophysidae)", "publicationYear": 2022, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7027378", "url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57ccc4a9bebafb56980a7fdc/t/633876ac379ee34c200e051b/1664644780625/McDavidBugos2022Megapnosaurus.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The Mosasaur 12 taxonomic contribution; do not describe the Zenodo DOI as a different journal article." } ], "reconsideration": "Reconsider after a specimen-based rediagnosis or nomenclatural decision establishes a defensible independent genus. Preserve the original records; do not transfer the whole historical fossil assemblage." }, { "id": "169801", "name": "Yezosaurus", "attribution": "Muramoto and Obata 1977", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=169801", "reason": "Informal name for mosasaur MCM.M0009, described in 2008 as Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis and subsequently treated as Taniwhasaurus sp.; no independent dinosaur identity.", "decisionId": "expert-final-169801", "references": [ { "authors": "George Olshevsky", "year": 1991, "title": "A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, excluding the advanced Crocodylia", "url": "https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Olshevsky_1991_A_revision_of_the_parainfraclass_Archosauria_Cope_1869_excluding_the_advanced_Crocodylia.pdf", "doi": null, "access": "Original nomenclatural revision PDF downloaded and relevant entries read; not a modern peer-reviewed anatomical reassessment.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": "Printed pages 124, 126, 131, 152, 155, 158 and Yezosaurus entry" }, { "authors": "Michael W. Caldwell, Takuya Konishi, Ikuwo Obata and Kikuwo Muramoto", "year": 2008, "title": "A new species of Taniwhasaurus (Mosasauridae, Tylosaurinae) from the Upper Santonian–Lower Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Hokkaido, Japan", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236876883_A_New_Species_Of_Taniwhasaurus_Mosasauridae_Tylosaurinae_From_The_Upper_Santonian-Lower_Campanian_Upper_Cretaceous_Of_Hokkaido_Japan", "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[339:ANSOTM]2.0.CO;2", "access": "Original authors’ publication metadata and abstract accessed; full anatomical paper not read.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Kumiko Matsui and Tomoki Karasawa", "year": 2020, "title": "3D model related to the publication: Interacting with the inaccessible: utilization of multimedia-based visual contents of Japan’s National Monument, the Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis (Mosasauridae) holotype for educational workshops at Mikasa City Museum", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345340544_3D_model_related_to_the_publicationInteracting_with_the_inaccessible_utilization_of_multimedia-based_visual_contents_of_Japan%27s_National_Monument_the_Taniwhasaurus_mikasaensis_Mosasauridae_holotype_fo", "doi": "10.18563/journal.m3.106", "access": "Original author-uploaded full text read, including explicit Yezosaurus unavailability, specimen identity and 2019 species-level reassessment.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ], "reconsideration": "Independently diagnostic dinosaur material and a validly established name." }, { "id": "38518", "name": "Saltopus", "attribution": "Huene 1910", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38518", "reason": "The dedicated revision places Saltopus outside Dinosauria.", "decisionId": "approved-path-audit-38518", "references": [ { "title": "Saltopus, a dinosauriform from the Upper Triassic of Scotland", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691011020081" } ], "reconsideration": "Reconsider when diagnostic name-bearing material or a peer-reviewed revision supports a secure independent dinosaur genus within the published scope." }, { "id": "192928", "name": "Protoavis", "attribution": "Chatterjee 1991", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=192928", "reason": "Probably composite name-bearing material does not establish one diagnosable dinosaur genus.", "decisionId": "approved-path-audit-192928", "references": [ { "title": "A critical re-evaluation of the Late Triassic dinosaur taxa of North America", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477201906002040" } ], "reconsideration": "Reconsider when diagnostic name-bearing material or a peer-reviewed revision supports a secure independent dinosaur genus within the published scope." }, { "id": "38792", "name": "Yaverlandia", "attribution": "Galton 1971", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38792", "reason": "The 2026 dedicated revision leaves dinosaur identity unresolved; no supported maniraptoran, pachycephalosaur or other narrow branch.", "decisionId": "approved-path-audit-38792", "references": [ { "title": "A second specimen of the enigmatic Wealden reptile Yaverlandia", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2026.101179" } ], "reconsideration": "Reconsider when diagnostic name-bearing material or a peer-reviewed revision supports a secure independent dinosaur genus within the published scope." }, { "id": "105061", "name": "Krzyzanowskisaurus", "attribution": "Heckert 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=105061", "reason": "Tooth-based identity may belong to Revueltosaurus or another non-dinosaurian archosaur; an ornithischian branch is unsupported.", "decisionId": "approved-path-audit-105061", "references": [ { "title": "The first occurrence of the enigmatic archosaur Krzyzanowskisaurus hunti in Arizona", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4411520/" }, { "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646" } ], "reconsideration": "Reconsider when diagnostic name-bearing material or a peer-reviewed revision supports a secure independent dinosaur genus within the published scope." }, { "id": "64059", "name": "Ferganocephale", "attribution": "Averianov et al. 2005", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64059", "reason": "Dubious tooth-based name; only a broad Saphornithischia interpretation is defensible, without a diagnosable independent hidden answer.", "decisionId": "approved-path-audit-64059", "references": [ { "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646" } ], "reconsideration": "Reconsider when diagnostic name-bearing material or a peer-reviewed revision supports a secure independent dinosaur genus within the published scope." }, { "id": "38719", "name": "Gongbusaurus", "attribution": "Dong et al. 1983", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38719", "reason": "The dubious tooth-based type shiyii does not inherit the more informative ancestry of referred wucaiwanensis material.", "decisionId": "approved-path-audit-38719", "references": [ { "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646" } ], "reconsideration": "Reconsider when diagnostic name-bearing material or a peer-reviewed revision supports a secure independent dinosaur genus within the published scope." }, { "id": "38738", "name": "Nanosaurus", "attribution": "Marsh 1877", "pbdb": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38738", "reason": "The dedicated 2025 revision finds the name-bearing material indeterminate; historical referred skeletons cannot establish an independent answer.", "decisionId": "approved-path-audit-38738", "references": [ { "title": "A Review of Nanosaurus agilis Marsh and Other Small-Bodied Morrison Formation Ornithopods", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3374/014.066.0102" } ], "reconsideration": "Reconsider when diagnostic name-bearing material or a peer-reviewed revision supports a secure independent dinosaur genus within the published scope." } ], "decisionsForUser": [], "scientificDecisions": [ { "genus": "Troodon", "id": "38572", "decision": "retain identity and document competing treatments", "rationale": "The 2025 primary revision reinstates Troodon as the senior synonym of Stenonychosaurus; 2017 rejected the tooth-based concept, and 2026 primary usage still acknowledges uncertainty. A proposed MOR 553 neotype is not evidence of Commission ratification. Old Asian and Maastrichtian referrals must not be inherited automatically.", "references": [ { "id": "varricchio2025", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "vanderreest2017", "title": "Troodontids from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America", "publicationYear": 2017, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "access": "primary_metadata_and_abstract_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The opposing genus concept is also explicitly discussed in the full 2025 revision. Not claiming full 2017 paper read." }, { "id": "fan2026", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-13", "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400784396_Diet_of_bird-like_troodontid_dinosaurs_synthesis_of_a_contentious_clade", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Troodon discussion", "Diet synthesis", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Diet synthesis and taxonomic usage are not an independent nomenclatural adjudication." }, { "id": "jasinski2026", "title": "Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-08", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411150348_Dinevenator_a_New_Genus_of_Troodontid_Dinosaur_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_New_Mexico", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic comparisons", "Phylogeny" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Uses tentative language for Troodon/Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix synonymies. Separate analytical OTUs do not prove separate valid genera." } ] }, { "genus": "Stenonychosaurus", "id": "38571", "decision": "retain subjective competing identity", "rationale": "2017 resurrected the genus; 2025 regards it as a junior synonym of Troodon. Do not make Troodon and Stenonychosaurus separate daily answers for the same adopted species concept.", "references": [ { "id": "varricchio2025", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "vanderreest2017", "title": "Troodontids from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America", "publicationYear": 2017, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "access": "primary_metadata_and_abstract_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The opposing genus concept is also explicitly discussed in the full 2025 revision. Not claiming full 2017 paper read." }, { "id": "jasinski2026", "title": "Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-08", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411150348_Dinevenator_a_New_Genus_of_Troodontid_Dinosaur_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_New_Mexico", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic comparisons", "Phylogeny" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Uses tentative language for Troodon/Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix synonymies. Separate analytical OTUs do not prove separate valid genera." } ] }, { "genus": "Latenivenatrix", "id": "379273", "decision": "retain legal guess; no independent answer", "rationale": "2021 synonymy with Stenonychosaurus is followed by the 2025 revision; 2026 papers still acknowledge uncertainty. Merely scoring it as a separate matrix OTU is not revalidation.", "references": [ { "id": "varricchio2025", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "cullen2021", "title": "Anatomical, morphometric, and stratigraphic analyses of theropod biodiversity in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation", "publicationYear": 2021, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2020-0145", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0145", "access": "primary_publisher_abstract_and_metadata_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "DOI verified against publisher-indexed abstract. Latenivenatrix synonymy is reported and followed by the full inspected 2025 revision; full 2021 article not read.", "metadataURL": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/org/science/article/abs/pii/S0008407721000533" }, { "id": "jasinski2026", "title": "Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-08", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411150348_Dinevenator_a_New_Genus_of_Troodontid_Dinosaur_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_New_Mexico", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic comparisons", "Phylogeny" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Uses tentative language for Troodon/Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix synonymies. Separate analytical OTUs do not prove separate valid genera." } ] }, { "genus": "Coelophysis", "id": "38520", "decision": "retain bauri concept separately from rhodesiensis", "rationale": "Modern developmental comparison and taxonomy support separating Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis from C. bauri; historic Coelophysis rhodesiensis remains a published alternative. The prototype combined continents and periods under one name and must not use that combined range as a diagnostic clue.", "references": [ { "id": "griffin2018", "title": "Developmental patterns and variation among early theropods", "publicationYear": 2018, "publicationDate": "2018-01-23", "doi": "10.1111/joa.12775", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322678118_Developmental_patterns_and_variation_among_early_theropods", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Materials", "Coelophysis/Megapnosaurus comparative development", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "mcdavidbugos2022", "title": "Taxonomic notes on Megapnosaurus and 'Syntarsus' (Theropoda: Coelophysidae)", "publicationYear": 2022, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7027378", "url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57ccc4a9bebafb56980a7fdc/t/633876ac379ee34c200e051b/1664644780625/McDavidBugos2022Megapnosaurus.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The Mosasaur 12 taxonomic contribution; do not describe the Zenodo DOI as a different journal article." }, { "id": "bristoweraath2004", "title": "A juvenile coelophysoid skull from the Early Jurassic of Zimbabwe, and the synonymy of Coelophysis and Syntarsus", "publicationYear": 2004, "publicationDate": "2004-12", "doi": null, "url": "https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/fd880af7-a628-4abf-86c9-de7645dc8e62/content", "access": "full_primary_repository_pdf", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Taxonomic analysis", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Historic opposing generic treatment; accepts distinct bauri and rhodesiensis species." } ] }, { "genus": "Megapnosaurus", "id": "101006", "decision": "retain rhodesiensis concept", "rationale": "Separate genus is a defensible modern working treatment. The unqualified historic Syntarsus name also includes kayentakatae, which should not be reassigned to rhodesiensis. South African BP/1/5278 and China/US occurrence rows need their own referral review.", "references": [ { "id": "griffin2018", "title": "Developmental patterns and variation among early theropods", "publicationYear": 2018, "publicationDate": "2018-01-23", "doi": "10.1111/joa.12775", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322678118_Developmental_patterns_and_variation_among_early_theropods", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Materials", "Coelophysis/Megapnosaurus comparative development", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "mcdavidbugos2022", "title": "Taxonomic notes on Megapnosaurus and 'Syntarsus' (Theropoda: Coelophysidae)", "publicationYear": 2022, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7027378", "url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57ccc4a9bebafb56980a7fdc/t/633876ac379ee34c200e051b/1664644780625/McDavidBugos2022Megapnosaurus.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The Mosasaur 12 taxonomic contribution; do not describe the Zenodo DOI as a different journal article." }, { "id": "bristoweraath2004", "title": "A juvenile coelophysoid skull from the Early Jurassic of Zimbabwe, and the synonymy of Coelophysis and Syntarsus", "publicationYear": 2004, "publicationDate": "2004-12", "doi": null, "url": "https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/fd880af7-a628-4abf-86c9-de7645dc8e62/content", "access": "full_primary_repository_pdf", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Taxonomic analysis", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Historic opposing generic treatment; accepts distinct bauri and rhodesiensis species." } ] }, { "genus": "Syntarsus", "id": "38525", "decision": "exclude as an independent dinosaur genus; preserve historical lookup", "rationale": "The dinosaur generic name is preoccupied by Syntarsus Fairmaire 1869. Unqualified Syntarsus is also ambiguous between rhodesiensis and kayentakatae. Do not redirect every Syntarsus guess to Megapnosaurus.", "references": [ { "id": "mcdavidbugos2022", "title": "Taxonomic notes on Megapnosaurus and 'Syntarsus' (Theropoda: Coelophysidae)", "publicationYear": 2022, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7027378", "url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57ccc4a9bebafb56980a7fdc/t/633876ac379ee34c200e051b/1664644780625/McDavidBugos2022Megapnosaurus.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The Mosasaur 12 taxonomic contribution; do not describe the Zenodo DOI as a different journal article." } ] }, { "genus": "Heyuannia", "id": "68047", "decision": "retain two-species genus", "rationale": "The 2018 anatomical revision combines H. huangi and H. yanshini; 2024 work continues that framework. Dinosaur Ingenia is preoccupied and Ajancingenia is its replacement name, not a third animal.", "references": [ { "id": "funston2018", "title": "Oviraptorosaur anatomy, diversity and ecology in the Nemegt Basin", "publicationYear": 2018, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.023", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320986075_Oviraptorosaur_anatomy_diversity_and_ecology_in_the_Nemegt_Basin", "access": "full_primary_accepted_manuscript", "sectionsInspected": [ "Heyuannia systematic section", "Referrals", "Taxonomic discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "qiu2024", "title": "The osteology of the wrist of Heyuannia huangi (Oviraptorosauria) and its implications for the wrist folding mechanism", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": "2024-07-10", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.17669", "url": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_t/2024/peerj-17669_dd.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Systematics", "Material and locality", "Phylogenetic discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "easter2013", "title": "A new name for the oviraptorid dinosaur Ingenia yanshini (Barsbold, 1981; preoccupied by Gerlach, 1957)", "publicationYear": 2013, "publicationDate": "2013-11-19", "doi": "10.11646/zootaxa.3737.2.6", "url": "https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3737.2.6", "access": "primary_abstract_and_first_page", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ] }, { "genus": "Ingenia", "id": "38560", "decision": "exclude independent dinosaur genus and offer qualified historical name", "rationale": "Ingenia Barsbold 1981 is preoccupied by the nematode genus Ingenia Gerlach 1957; replacement Ajancingenia later becomes a subjective synonym of Heyuannia in the adopted revision.", "references": [ { "id": "easter2013", "title": "A new name for the oviraptorid dinosaur Ingenia yanshini (Barsbold, 1981; preoccupied by Gerlach, 1957)", "publicationYear": 2013, "publicationDate": "2013-11-19", "doi": "10.11646/zootaxa.3737.2.6", "url": "https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3737.2.6", "access": "primary_abstract_and_first_page", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "funston2018", "title": "Oviraptorosaur anatomy, diversity and ecology in the Nemegt Basin", "publicationYear": 2018, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.023", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320986075_Oviraptorosaur_anatomy_diversity_and_ecology_in_the_Nemegt_Basin", "access": "full_primary_accepted_manuscript", "sectionsInspected": [ "Heyuannia systematic section", "Referrals", "Taxonomic discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ] }, { "genus": "Hanssuesia", "id": "67704", "decision": "retain PBDB guess, Stegoceras canonical answer", "rationale": "The 2023 comparative and morphometric revision interprets Hanssuesia and Gravitholus within Stegoceras validum ontogeny and dimorphism. Keep the PBDB identity as a legal guess under the parent policy, with no separate daily answer.", "references": [ { "id": "dyer2023", "title": "Problematic putative pachycephalosaurids: Synchrotron µCT imaging shines new light on the anatomy and taxonomic validity of Gravitholus albertae from the Belly River Group (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada", "publicationYear": 2023, "publicationDate": "2023-02-18", "doi": "10.18435/vamp29388", "url": "https://www.dinosaurier-info.de/bibliothek/pdf_p/2023/Dyer%2Bet%2Bal%2BGravitholus.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Morphometric results", "Systematic conclusions", "Specimen comparisons" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Volume 10 issue 1 carries a 2022 issue label; publication landing page reports February 2023." } ] }, { "genus": "Stegoceras", "id": "38787", "decision": "retain canonical valid genus", "rationale": "The 2023 revision supports Stegoceras validum including the reviewed Hanssuesia and Gravitholus type morphologies; use explicit specimen referrals rather than every historic row.", "references": [ { "id": "dyer2023", "title": "Problematic putative pachycephalosaurids: Synchrotron µCT imaging shines new light on the anatomy and taxonomic validity of Gravitholus albertae from the Belly River Group (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada", "publicationYear": 2023, "publicationDate": "2023-02-18", "doi": "10.18435/vamp29388", "url": "https://www.dinosaurier-info.de/bibliothek/pdf_p/2023/Dyer%2Bet%2Bal%2BGravitholus.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Morphometric results", "Systematic conclusions", "Specimen comparisons" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Volume 10 issue 1 carries a 2022 issue label; publication landing page reports February 2023." } ] }, { "genus": "Koutalisaurus", "id": "91407", "decision": "exclude until diagnostic material or explicit revalidation", "rationale": "The supposed distinctive symphyseal projection on IPS 29920 was partly preparation infill. The 2013 revision identifies the cleaned dentary as indeterminate Lambeosaurinae and explicitly cannot refer it to Pararhabdodon. The 2021 Ajnabia matrix does not rebut this diagnostic failure.", "references": [ { "id": "prietomarquez2013", "title": "Diversity, Relationships, and Biogeography of the Lambeosaurine Dinosaurs from the European Archipelago, with Description of the New Aralosaurin Canardia garonnensis", "publicationYear": 2013, "publicationDate": "2013-07-26", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0069835", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069835", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Koutalisaurus / Les Llaus dentary comparison", "Systematics", "Taxonomic discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "longrich2021", "title": "The first duckbill dinosaur (Hadrosauridae: Lambeosaurinae) from Africa and the role of oceanic dispersal in dinosaur biogeography", "publicationYear": 2021, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104678", "url": "https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/225829898/Longrich_et_al._2021_African_hadrosaur_Ajnabia_odysseus.pdf", "access": "full_primary_accepted_manuscript", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxon sampling", "Phylogeny", "Biogeography" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Koutalisaurus as an analytical OTU does not address the removed diagnostic preparation infill or explicitly revalidate it." } ] }, { "genus": "Pararhabdodon", "id": "57426", "decision": "retain independent diagnosed genus", "rationale": "The failure of Koutalisaurus does not make its jaw a Pararhabdodon specimen. Pararhabdodon retains its own diagnosed material.", "references": [ { "id": "prietomarquez2013", "title": "Diversity, Relationships, and Biogeography of the Lambeosaurine Dinosaurs from the European Archipelago, with Description of the New Aralosaurin Canardia garonnensis", "publicationYear": 2013, "publicationDate": "2013-07-26", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0069835", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069835", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Koutalisaurus / Les Llaus dentary comparison", "Systematics", "Taxonomic discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ] }, { "genus": "Galvesaurus", "id": "81693", "decision": "retain established canonical spelling; disclose priority dispute", "rationale": "Galvesaurus and Galveosaurus name the same CLH-16 identity, so never make them separate answers. The 2019 revision supports a Late Jurassic macronarian. Conservative Macronaria avoids overstating unstable brachiosaurid placement.", "references": [ { "id": "perezpueyo2019", "title": "New contributions to the phylogenetic position of the sauropod Galvesaurus herreroi", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.21701/bolgeomin.130.3.001", "url": "https://web.igme.es/boletin/2019/130_3/BGM_130-3_Art-1.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf", "sectionsInspected": [ "Diagnosis", "Stratigraphy", "Phylogenetic results" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "mocho2024", "title": "Garumbatitan morellensis, a new sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Spain", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": "2024-05-01", "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad124", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/201/1/214/7281765", "access": "primary_search_indexed_text_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Early online publication 2023. Full page unavailable in this review; do not claim detailed 2024 Galvesaurus topology independently verified." }, { "id": "sanchezhernandez2005", "title": "Galveosaurus herreroi, a new sauropod dinosaur from Teruel, Spain", "publicationYear": 2005, "publicationDate": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://mapress.com/zootaxa/2005f/z01034p020f.pdf", "access": "existing_dossier_and_primary_first_page", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Same specimen identity as Galvesaurus. Priority controversy remains disclosed rather than judicially resolved." } ] }, { "genus": "Saurophaganax", "id": "65370", "decision": "exclude dubious type concept; keep historical lookup", "rationale": "The 2024 revision finds holotype OMNH 1123 unidentifiable as a diagnostic theropod and probably sauropod in morphology. Saurophaganax is not simply renamed Allosaurus anax; only particular formerly referred specimens support the new species.", "references": [ { "id": "danison2024", "title": "Chimerism of specimens referred to Saurophaganax maximus reveals a new species of Allosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda)", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": "2024-12-21", "doi": "10.18435/vamp29404", "url": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_c/2024/Danison%2Bet%2Bal%2BSaurophaganax_dd.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Systematics", "OMNH 1123 discussion", "Allosaurus anax diagnosis", "Table 3 referrals", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Important version discrepancy: the DOI landing-page abstract says dual validity / valid diplodocid, but the final published PDF abstract and text explicitly state nomen dubium. Findings here follow the final 2024-12-21 PDF, not the stale landing-page abstract." } ] }, { "genus": "Allosaurus", "id": "38590", "decision": "add reviewed anax species evidence within existing genus", "rationale": "Allosaurus anax has a new diagnostic postorbital type and specific referred material from the Kenton Morrison quarries. It adds a species, not a new genus answer.", "references": [ { "id": "danison2024", "title": "Chimerism of specimens referred to Saurophaganax maximus reveals a new species of Allosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda)", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": "2024-12-21", "doi": "10.18435/vamp29404", "url": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_c/2024/Danison%2Bet%2Bal%2BSaurophaganax_dd.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Systematics", "OMNH 1123 discussion", "Allosaurus anax diagnosis", "Table 3 referrals", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Important version discrepancy: the DOI landing-page abstract says dual validity / valid diplodocid, but the final published PDF abstract and text explicitly state nomen dubium. Findings here follow the final 2024-12-21 PDF, not the stale landing-page abstract." } ] }, { "genus": "Bagaraatan", "id": "57248", "decision": "exclude independent genus under latest revision", "rationale": "The 2024 redescription partitions the original skeleton into a juvenile indeterminate tyrannosaurid type and caenagnathid hindlimb elements. Alleged diagnostic type features may be ontogenetic or individual variation; no supported automatic Tarbosaurus/Alioramus alias follows.", "references": [ { "id": "slowiak2024", "title": "Reassessment of the enigmatic Late Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Bagaraatan ostromi", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": "2024-02-16", "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad169", "url": "https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/387760326/Manuscript-Bagaraatan_final.pdf", "access": "full_primary_accepted_manuscript", "sectionsInspected": [ "Holotype partition", "Phylogenetic affinities", "Validity discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ] }, { "genus": "Epidendrosaurus", "id": "68184", "decision": "retain legal guess, one shared answer identity at most", "rationale": "Primary review treats Scansoriopteryx as the same taxon and discusses competing priority interpretation. An electronic/print publication argument is not a discovered ICZN ruling. Epidendrosaurus is a defensible current usage label but formal precedence must not be overstated.", "references": [ { "id": "agnolin2019", "title": "Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.3389/feart.2018.00252", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2018.00252/full", "access": "full_primary_review_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygidae discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Reviews Epidendrosaurus/Scansoriopteryx synonymy and earlier priority interpretation. It does not constitute an ICZN Opinion." }, { "id": "harris2004", "title": "Published works in the electronic age: recommended amendments to Articles 8 and 9 of the Code", "publicationYear": 2004, "publicationDate": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://cactus.utahtech.edu/jharris/ICZN_and_DOIs.pdf", "access": "primary_search_indexed_excerpt_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "BZN 61(3):138–148. Electronic versus printed publication issue is a published discussion, not a discovered Commission ruling. Full PDF was unavailable." }, { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.4435/BSPI.2024.08", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379902868_A_Unified_Framework_for_Predatory_Dinosaur_Macroevolution", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygid taxon sampling and tentative synonymy" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Tentatively combines Epidexipteryx with Epidendrosaurus as one analytical OTU; explicitly provisional rather than consensus synonymy." } ] }, { "genus": "Scansoriopteryx", "id": "162571", "decision": "retain legal guess but not separate hidden answer", "rationale": "Synonymy with Epidendrosaurus has a published basis; priority discussions disagree over electronic versus printed availability. Type age and locality are not securely solved by spelling choice.", "references": [ { "id": "agnolin2019", "title": "Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.3389/feart.2018.00252", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2018.00252/full", "access": "full_primary_review_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygidae discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Reviews Epidendrosaurus/Scansoriopteryx synonymy and earlier priority interpretation. It does not constitute an ICZN Opinion." }, { "id": "harris2004", "title": "Published works in the electronic age: recommended amendments to Articles 8 and 9 of the Code", "publicationYear": 2004, "publicationDate": null, "doi": null, "url": "https://cactus.utahtech.edu/jharris/ICZN_and_DOIs.pdf", "access": "primary_search_indexed_excerpt_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "BZN 61(3):138–148. Electronic versus printed publication issue is a published discussion, not a discovered Commission ruling. Full PDF was unavailable." } ] }, { "genus": "Epidexipteryx", "id": "137496", "decision": "retain included guess; do not enforce tentative synonymy", "rationale": "Cau 2024 tentatively combines Epidexipteryx and Epidendrosaurus in one OTU, interpreting differences through growth and incomplete preservation. This is a live proposal rather than settled consensus; a roster cut or wholesale specimen merger is not justified by this source alone.", "references": [ { "id": "cau2024", "title": "A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution", "publicationYear": 2024, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.4435/BSPI.2024.08", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379902868_A_Unified_Framework_for_Predatory_Dinosaur_Macroevolution", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygid taxon sampling and tentative synonymy" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Tentatively combines Epidexipteryx with Epidendrosaurus as one analytical OTU; explicitly provisional rather than consensus synonymy." }, { "id": "agnolin2019", "title": "Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.3389/feart.2018.00252", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2018.00252/full", "access": "full_primary_review_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Scansoriopterygidae discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Reviews Epidendrosaurus/Scansoriopteryx synonymy and earlier priority interpretation. It does not constitute an ICZN Opinion." } ] }, { "genus": "Alcovasaurus", "id": "376422", "decision": "retain supported species identity but hold conflicting generic answer", "rationale": "Costa 2026 treats longispinus as Miragaia, while March 2026 Sánchez-Fenollosa et al. endorse Miragaia longicollum within Dacentrurus and explicitly do not support Alcovasaurus–Dacentrurus synonymy. There is no single uncontested latest generic scheme.", "references": [ { "id": "costa2026", "title": "Dacentrurine Stegosaurs in North America: New Occurrences from the Upper Jurassic of USA (Morrison Formation)", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-27", "doi": "10.3390/d18030143", "url": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_d/2026/diversity-18-00143_dd.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Miragaia longispinus systematics", "UW 20503 comparisons", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "sanchezfenollosa2026", "title": "The plated dinosaurs (Ornithischia, Stegosauria) of eastern Iberia (Spain): Taxonomy, diversity, and ecology", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-03", "doi": "10.26879/1637", "url": "https://www.palaeo-electronica.org/content/2026/5818-stegosaurs-of-eastern-iberia", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Introduction taxonomic review", "Systematic palaeontology", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Accepted 2026-03-10. Endorses the 2025 Miragaia longicollum = Dacentrurus armatus proposal but explicitly does not support synonymising Alcovasaurus with Dacentrurus." }, { "id": "costamateus2019", "title": "Dacentrurine stegosaurs: a new specimen of Miragaia longicollum from the Late Jurassic of Portugal resolves taxonomical validity and shows the occurrence of the clade in North America", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0224263", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0224263", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Systematics", "Miragaia validity", "Alcovasaurus comparison" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ] }, { "genus": "Dacentrurus", "id": "38808", "decision": "retain baseline genus; record conflicting species boundary", "rationale": "The 2026 eastern Iberia review endorses Miragaia longicollum = Dacentrurus armatus, but Costa 2026 retains Miragaia. Dacentrurus itself remains valid under both frameworks; do not add the American longispinus type to Dacentrurus.", "references": [ { "id": "sanchezfenollosa2026", "title": "The plated dinosaurs (Ornithischia, Stegosauria) of eastern Iberia (Spain): Taxonomy, diversity, and ecology", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-03", "doi": "10.26879/1637", "url": "https://www.palaeo-electronica.org/content/2026/5818-stegosaurs-of-eastern-iberia", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Introduction taxonomic review", "Systematic palaeontology", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Accepted 2026-03-10. Endorses the 2025 Miragaia longicollum = Dacentrurus armatus proposal but explicitly does not support synonymising Alcovasaurus with Dacentrurus." }, { "id": "costa2026", "title": "Dacentrurine Stegosaurs in North America: New Occurrences from the Upper Jurassic of USA (Morrison Formation)", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-27", "doi": "10.3390/d18030143", "url": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_d/2026/diversity-18-00143_dd.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Miragaia longispinus systematics", "UW 20503 comparisons", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "costamateus2019", "title": "Dacentrurine stegosaurs: a new specimen of Miragaia longicollum from the Late Jurassic of Portugal resolves taxonomical validity and shows the occurrence of the clade in North America", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0224263", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0224263", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Systematics", "Miragaia validity", "Alcovasaurus comparison" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ] }, { "id": "working-tree-audit-2026-10-11", "title": "Complete path integrity and focused shallow-placement review", "decision": "Apply sourced ancestry corrections and a coherent early ornithischian grade. Approved follow-up excludes seven uncertain identities, accepts Stormbergia as an equivalent Lesothosaurus guess, and retains two broad ornithischian guesses on answer holds.", "references": [ { "title": "Working-tree audit", "url": "working-tree-audit.md" } ] }, { "id": "answer-readiness-followup-2026-10-11", "title": "Shallow answer fairness and occurrence clue corrections", "decision": "Retain the four short-path answers after a no-clue branch isolation check; correct Lewisuchus and Megalosaurus period clues, modern Megalosaurus geography and historical locality labelling. Retain the older documented Unaysauridae model after reviewing the weak 2026 alternative.", "references": [ { "title": "Release follow-up decisions", "url": "answer-readiness-audit.md" } ] } ], "resolvedDecisions": [ { "title": "Troodon · answer identity", "question": "For daily answers, follow the 2025 Troodon genus concept or retain Stenonychosaurus as the canonical skeleton-based name?", "recommendation": "Use the published 2025 Troodon framework. Troodon is the canonical hidden answer; Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix remain legal equivalent winning guesses. Preserve all three source identities and fossil records separately. This is a chosen published framework, not universal consensus.", "references": [ { "id": "varricchio2025", "title": "Troodontid specimens from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA) and the validity of Troodon formosus", "publicationYear": 2025, "publicationDate": "2025-05-13", "doi": "10.1017/jpa.2024.67", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/troodontid-specimens-from-the-cretaceous-two-medicine-formation-of-montana-usa-and-the-validity-of-troodon-formosus/3E58F1FDA3FE53DE569E0D0B20E79F22", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Abstract", "Systematic paleontology", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "vanderreest2017", "title": "Troodontids from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America", "publicationYear": 2017, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0031", "access": "primary_metadata_and_abstract_only", "sectionsInspected": [], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "The opposing genus concept is also explicitly discussed in the full 2025 revision. Not claiming full 2017 paper read." }, { "id": "fan2026", "title": "Diet of bird-like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-13", "doi": "10.1002/brv.70145", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400784396_Diet_of_bird-like_troodontid_dinosaurs_synthesis_of_a_contentious_clade", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Troodon discussion", "Diet synthesis", "Conclusions" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Diet synthesis and taxonomic usage are not an independent nomenclatural adjudication." }, { "id": "jasinski2026", "title": "Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-08", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/411150348_Dinevenator_a_New_Genus_of_Troodontid_Dinosaur_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_New_Mexico", "access": "full_primary_author_upload", "sectionsInspected": [ "Taxonomic comparisons", "Phylogeny" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Uses tentative language for Troodon/Stenonychosaurus and Latenivenatrix synonymies. Separate analytical OTUs do not prove separate valid genera." } ], "status": "User approved recommendation on 11 October 2026" }, { "title": "Alcovasaurus · answer identity", "question": "Keep Alcovasaurus as a separate daily-answer genus under the 2025/2026 Dacentrurus framework, or adopt Costa 2026 Miragaia and use Alcovasaurus only as a legal historical guess?", "recommendation": "Retain Alcovasaurus as a legal guess, with an independent hidden-answer hold while the genus-level identity remains unresolved.", "references": [ { "id": "costa2026", "title": "Dacentrurine Stegosaurs in North America: New Occurrences from the Upper Jurassic of USA (Morrison Formation)", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-02-27", "doi": "10.3390/d18030143", "url": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_d/2026/diversity-18-00143_dd.pdf", "access": "full_primary_pdf_mirror", "sectionsInspected": [ "Miragaia longispinus systematics", "UW 20503 comparisons", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null }, { "id": "sanchezfenollosa2026", "title": "The plated dinosaurs (Ornithischia, Stegosauria) of eastern Iberia (Spain): Taxonomy, diversity, and ecology", "publicationYear": 2026, "publicationDate": "2026-03", "doi": "10.26879/1637", "url": "https://www.palaeo-electronica.org/content/2026/5818-stegosaurs-of-eastern-iberia", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Introduction taxonomic review", "Systematic palaeontology", "Discussion" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": "Accepted 2026-03-10. Endorses the 2025 Miragaia longicollum = Dacentrurus armatus proposal but explicitly does not support synonymising Alcovasaurus with Dacentrurus." }, { "id": "costamateus2019", "title": "Dacentrurine stegosaurs: a new specimen of Miragaia longicollum from the Late Jurassic of Portugal resolves taxonomical validity and shows the occurrence of the clade in North America", "publicationYear": 2019, "publicationDate": null, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0224263", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0224263", "access": "full_primary_html", "sectionsInspected": [ "Systematics", "Miragaia validity", "Alcovasaurus comparison" ], "accessed": "2026-10-10", "notes": null } ], "status": "User approved recommendation on 11 October 2026" }, { "title": "New genera outside the frozen baseline · Cryptarcus and Dinevenator", "question": "Refresh the captured PBDB baseline to assess newly described Cryptarcus and Dinevenator, or keep these outside this version until the next source refresh?", "recommendation": "Wait for an explicit, verified PBDB baseline refresh before admitting Cryptarcus or Dinevenator. Capture source identities and specimen-specific mappings; do not invent IDs.", "references": [ { "title": "Holmes, Mallon, Ryan & Evans (2026), New information on the holotype of Chasmosaurus russelli necessitates the establishment of a new genus", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2025-0031", "mirror": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_n/2026/new-information-on-the-holotype-of-chasmosaurus-russelli.pdf", "access": "Full original20-page primary PDF read; diagnosis,typequarry,CMNFV8801 exclusion,2026discussion of Vagaceratops. Internal referredspecimen number typo018vs019 recorded" }, { "title": "Jasinski and Sullivan 2026 · Dinevenator, a New Genus of Troodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico", "doi": "10.3390/fossils4030021", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/fossils4030021", "published": "2026-08-03", "access": "Root read original publisher indexed abstract, systematics, geological setting and Troodontid Systematics discussion." } ], "status": "User approved recommendation on 11 October 2026" }, { "title": "Alwalkeria · dinosaur scope", "question": "Keep the PBDB-selected guess while the revised name-bearing femur is Pan-Aves incertae sedis, or remove it from the dinosaur roster under the newer specimen-based treatment?", "recommendation": "Exclude Alwalkeria from the dinosaur roster under the revised treatment of its name-bearing material. Preserve the source record and reconsideration condition.", "references": [ { "authors": "Sulagna Sen and Sanghamitra Ray", "year": 2025, "title": "Taxonomic reassessment of archosaurs with dinosaurian affinities from the lower fauna of the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of India and their significance", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2025.2546434", "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2025.2546434", "access": "Primary publisher abstract accessed; proposes Alickmeron in Lagerpetidae.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null }, { "authors": "Skye N. McDavid, Cy Marchant and Iain Reid", "year": 2026, "title": "Alickmeron Sen & Ray, 2025 is an objective junior synonym of Alwalkeria Chatterjee & Creisler, 1994", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2025.2604088", "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2025.2604088", "access": "Primary publisher-indexed abstract accessed; establishes objective junior synonymy. Full systematic placement requires companion reviewer verification.", "accessedDate": "2026-10-10", "locator": null } ], "status": "User approved recommendation on 11 October 2026" }, { "id": "working-path-saltopus", "title": "Saltopus inclusion review", "question": "The dedicated revision places Saltopus outside Dinosauria. Retained as a provisional PBDB legal guess pending exclusion review; administrative root attachment is not dinosaur membership.", "recommendation": "Exclude from the dinosaur roster.", "references": [ { "title": "Saltopus, a dinosauriform from the Upper Triassic of Scotland", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691011020081" } ], "status": "User approved recommendations on 11 October 2026" }, { "id": "working-path-protoavis", "title": "Protoavis inclusion review", "question": "Probably composite name-bearing material does not establish one diagnosable dinosaur genus. Retained guess; no independent hidden answer or unsupported finer ancestry.", "recommendation": "Exclude unless an independently diagnostic name-bearing dinosaur identity can be supported.", "references": [ { "title": "A critical re-evaluation of the Late Triassic dinosaur taxa of North America", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477201906002040" } ], "status": "User approved recommendations on 11 October 2026" }, { "id": "working-path-yaverlandia", "title": "Yaverlandia inclusion review", "question": "The 2026 dedicated revision leaves dinosaur identity unresolved; no supported maniraptoran, pachycephalosaur or other narrow branch.", "recommendation": "Keep on hold; exclude from the active dinosaur roster pending secure identity.", "references": [ { "title": "A second specimen of the enigmatic Wealden reptile Yaverlandia", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2026.101179" } ], "status": "User approved recommendations on 11 October 2026" }, { "id": "working-path-krzyzanowskisaurus", "title": "Krzyzanowskisaurus inclusion review", "question": "Tooth-based identity may belong to Revueltosaurus or another non-dinosaurian archosaur; an ornithischian branch is unsupported.", "recommendation": "Exclude pending secure dinosaur identity.", "references": [ { "title": "The first occurrence of the enigmatic archosaur Krzyzanowskisaurus hunti in Arizona", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4411520/" }, { "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646" } ], "status": "User approved recommendations on 11 October 2026" }, { "id": "working-path-ferganocephale", "title": "Ferganocephale inclusion review", "question": "Dubious tooth-based name; only a broad Saphornithischia interpretation is defensible, without a diagnosable independent hidden answer.", "recommendation": "Exclude until diagnostic material supports this name.", "references": [ { "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646" } ], "status": "User approved recommendations on 11 October 2026" }, { "id": "working-path-gongbusaurus", "title": "Gongbusaurus inclusion review", "question": "The dubious tooth-based type shiyii does not inherit the more informative ancestry of referred wucaiwanensis material.", "recommendation": "Exclude the type-based genus pending diagnostic revision.", "references": [ { "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646" } ], "status": "User approved recommendations on 11 October 2026" }, { "id": "working-path-nanosaurus", "title": "Nanosaurus inclusion review", "question": "The dedicated 2025 revision finds the name-bearing material indeterminate; historical referred skeletons cannot establish an independent answer.", "recommendation": "Exclude until a diagnostic name-bearing identity is supported.", "references": [ { "title": "A Review of Nanosaurus agilis Marsh and Other Small-Bodied Morrison Formation Ornithopods", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3374/014.066.0102" } ], "status": "User approved recommendations on 11 October 2026" }, { "id": "working-path-stormbergia", "title": "Stormbergia inclusion review", "question": "Chosen literature treats Stormbergia as a junior subjective synonym of Lesothosaurus; keep the PBDB guess distinct pending the inclusion decision.", "recommendation": "Retain Stormbergia as an accepted equivalent of Lesothosaurus. It solves a hidden Lesothosaurus and records the canonical Lesothosaurus discovery; there is no separate Stormbergia answer.", "references": [ { "title": "The postcranial anatomy of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus: implications for basal ornithischian taxonomy and systematics", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12434" }, { "title": "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577" } ], "status": "User approved recommendations on 11 October 2026" }, { "id": "working-path-serendipaceratops", "title": "Serendipaceratops inclusion review", "question": "Fragmentary type and conflicting ceratopsian, ankylosaurian and indeterminate ornithischian interpretations support only Genasauria.", "recommendation": "Retain as a broad Genasauria legal guess with an independent hidden-answer hold.", "references": [ { "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646" }, { "title": "An annotated checklist of Australian dinosaurs", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2023.2228367" } ], "status": "User approved recommendations on 11 October 2026" }, { "id": "working-path-notoceratops", "title": "Notoceratops inclusion review", "question": "Lost, fragmentary type and conflicting ceratopsian/hadrosaur interpretations do not support a dependable narrow working branch.", "recommendation": "Retain as a broad Genasauria legal guess with an independent hidden-answer hold.", "references": [ { "title": "Fonseca et al. 2024: Supplementary Data 1, excluded and fragmentary taxa", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26076646" } ], "status": "User approved recommendations on 11 October 2026" } ], "principles": [ "PBDB defines captured guess identities, with individually sourced exceptions. Raw records, ages and fossil IDs remain immutable.", "Diet may be inferred from supported relatives. Each inferred profile states the basis and sources; ambiguous categories stay compatible.", "Use broad geological periods and positive geography. Qualified referrals, alternate horizons and incomplete ranges cannot become false exclusions.", "A locality clue selects an evidenced anchor. All recorded non-primary localities, qualified competitors and relevant missing metadata are included in comparisons.", "Free field reports start when six or more indistinguishable viable answers remain. They do not consume the player’s paid clue count.", "The fairness certificate assumes the standard clues are available and the direct branch has been reached; it does not prove an optimal fifteen-guess strategy from the root.", "The complete name/path scan uses referenced group rules; it is not 1,302 separate monographic revisions. Source access limits are preserved in the research handoffs.", "Hidden-answer holds are conservative evidence decisions, not claims that every held genus is invalid." ], "counts": { "selectedGenera": 1274, "excludedIdentities": 47, "answerEligible": 1236, "answerHolds": 38, "holdCategories": { "diet": 9, "identity": 26, "period": 2, "geography": 1, "taxonomy": 3 }, "amendedTrees": 692, "inferredDiets": 1264, "localitySupport": 451, "unresolvedCrowds": 0 }, "fairnessCertificates": [ { "targetId": "157362", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "157362", "377354", "38648", "322707" ], "candidateIds": [ "157362", "377354", "38648", "322707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "407882", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "407882", "153876", "84659", "202260", "482171", "440882", "38708" ], "candidateIds": [ "407882" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "alagteeg" ], "label": "Alagteeg Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1494794", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Abdarainurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Baotianmansaurus", "Borealosaurus", "Dongyangosaurus", "Gandititan", "Hamititan", "Mongolosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Abdarainurus": [ "1494794" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "407882" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "450821", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "450821", "498067" ], "candidateIds": [ "450821", "498067" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53946", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53946", "427781" ], "candidateIds": [ "53946", "427781" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38723", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38723", "38725", "38727", "248276" ], "candidateIds": [ "38723", "38725", "38727", "248276" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56458", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "56458", "146463", "38670", "38702" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "shaximiao" ], "label": "Shaximiao Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "939383", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Abrosaurus": [ "939383" ], "Daanosaurus": [ "811556" ], "Mamenchisaurus": [ "256216", "295292", "475132", "522048", "564597", "564598", "572131", "1429041", "2063347" ], "Omeisaurus": [ "474577", "474578", "522064", "557581", "572130", "739555", "975914", "1066328", "1472810", "1639782" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Daanosaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-18" ], "Mamenchisaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-18" ], "Omeisaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-18" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "56458", "146463", "38670", "38702" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "163941", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163941", "64905", "68169", "66515" ], "candidateIds": [ "163941", "64905", "68169", "66515" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "377303", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "377303" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MX", "pen" ], "label": "Pen Formation · MX", "occurrenceId": "1066587", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Acantholipan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Acantholipan": [ "1066587" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "377303" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53956", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53956", "53952", "38858" ], "candidateIds": [ "53956", "53952", "38858" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "283585", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "283585", "413090", "38564" ], "candidateIds": [ "283585", "413090", "38564" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "133925", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "candidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68417", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68417", "53027" ], "candidateIds": [ "68417", "53027" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "205433", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "candidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38597", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38597", "38576", "54540", "440804", "77205", "345410", "58907" ], "candidateIds": [ "38597" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "antlers" ], "label": "Antlers Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "468623", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Acrocanthosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Carcharodontosaurus", "Giganotosaurus", "Lajasvenator", "Mapusaurus", "Taurovenator", "Unquillosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Acrocanthosaurus": [ "260040", "260041", "260042", "468623", "1583992" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38597" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "267728", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267728", "519375", "448078", "471621", "67681" ], "candidateIds": [ "267728", "519375", "448078", "471621", "67681" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "70544", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "BR", "são paulo" ], "label": "São Paulo · BR", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "adamantisaurus-type-2006-formation", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bravasaurus", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Overosaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Punatitan", "Rinconsaurus", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Adamantisaurus": [], "Arrudatitan": [ "625892" ], "Brasilotitan": [ "536069" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Adamantisaurus": [ "adamantisaurus-type-2006-formation" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53027", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68417", "53027" ], "candidateIds": [ "68417", "53027" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "318656", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "318656", "148539", "251611" ], "candidateIds": [ "318656", "148539", "251611" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "146361", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "146361", "242728", "171910" ], "candidateIds": [ "146361", "242728", "171910" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "422686", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "422686", "38811", "488755" ], "candidateIds": [ "422686", "38811", "488755" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "401259", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "candidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38681", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38681", "66006", "381533" ], "candidateIds": [ "38681", "66006", "381533" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53964", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610", "66573", "523952", "172032" ], "candidateIds": [ "53964" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "angostura colorada" ], "label": "Angostura Colorada Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "561808", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Aeolosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Baurutitan", "Caieiria", "Gondwanatitan", "Mesetasaurus", "Panamericansaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Aeolosaurus": [ "561808" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "53964" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "370065", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370065", "66671", "38540", "519528", "38547", "176037", "68341" ], "candidateIds": [ "370065" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "djadokhta" ], "label": "Djadokhta Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1271465", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Aepyornithomimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anserimimus", "Archaeornithomimus", "Dzharacursor", "Gallimimus", "Qiupalong", "Sinornithomimus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Aepyornithomimus": [ "1271465" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "370065" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "148965", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148965", "514971", "455622", "65424", "345444", "122475", "376161" ], "candidateIds": [ "148965" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "anacleto" ], "label": "Anacleto Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "819769", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Aerosteon" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Joaquinraptor", "Maip", "Megaraptor", "Murusraptor", "Orkoraptor", "Tratayenia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Aerosteon": [ "819769" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "148965" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "391225", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391225", "66505" ], "candidateIds": [ "391225", "66505" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56398", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56398" ], "candidateIds": [ "56398" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57222", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "474946", "519526", "424322", "53226", "52891" ], "candidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "53226", "52891" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "shaximiao" ], "label": "Shaximiao Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "402860", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Agilisaurus", "Hexinlusaurus", "Xiaosaurus", "Yandusaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Minimocursor", "Pulaosaurus", "Sanxiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Agilisaurus": [ "402860" ], "Hexinlusaurus": [ "402859" ], "Xiaosaurus": [ "402865" ], "Yandusaurus": [ "545083", "1404246" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57222", "71336", "53226", "52891" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "112568", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "112568" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MX", "aguja", "chihuahua" ], "label": "Aguja Formation · Chihuahua · MX", "occurrenceId": "1606508", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Agujaceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Pentaceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Agujaceratops": [ "1606508", "1606846" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "112568" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66565", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66565", "89458", "515930", "496269", "507183", "251279", "282473", "378458", "57368", "481295", "89456" ], "candidateIds": [ "66565" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "AR", "lohan cura", "cullín grande" ], "label": "Cullín Grande Member · Lohan Cura Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "832479", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Agustinia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Amazonsaurus", "Astigmasaura", "Campananeyen", "Cienciargentina", "Comahuesaurus", "Katepensaurus", "Lavocatisaurus", "Rayososaurus", "Sidersaura", "Zapalasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Agustinia": [ "832479" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66565" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "295547", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "295547", "81277", "81293" ], "candidateIds": [ "295547", "81277", "81293" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "516650", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "516650", "66592", "358686", "461658", "461656", "305972", "38781" ], "candidateIds": [ "516650" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "kirtland", "hunter wash" ], "label": "Hunter Wash Member · Kirtland Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "2042756", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ahshislesaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anasazisaurus", "Bonapartesaurus", "Huallasaurus", "Kelumapusaura", "Rhinorex", "Secernosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ahshislesaurus": [ "528343", "2042756" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "516650" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519773", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519773", "347521", "57453", "515784" ], "candidateIds": [ "519773", "347521", "57453", "515784" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "167126", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "167126", "517609" ], "candidateIds": [ "167126", "517609" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "428182", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "428182", "484242", "520797" ], "candidateIds": [ "428182", "484242", "520797" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "377176", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377176", "320257" ], "candidateIds": [ "377176", "320257" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38683", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "candidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "137133", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "137133" ], "candidateIds": [ "137133" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "161139", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "161139", "38796", "38844" ], "candidateIds": [ "161139", "38796", "38844" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "94775", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "94775", "492822", "170631" ], "candidateIds": [ "94775", "492822", "170631" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "267486", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "candidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "470379", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470379", "38572", "518010" ], "candidateIds": [ "470379", "38572", "518010" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "140785", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "candidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38607", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38607", "53193" ], "candidateIds": [ "38607", "53193" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "177464", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "177464" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "javkhlant" ], "label": "Javkhlant Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "920587", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Albinykus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ceratonykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Albinykus": [ "920587" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "177464" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38610", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38610", "58835", "424531", "509676", "154174", "348490", "146099" ], "candidateIds": [ "38610" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UZ", "khodzhakul" ], "label": "Khodzhakul Formation · UZ", "occurrenceId": "560921", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Alectrosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dilong", "Jinbeisaurus", "Khankhuuluu", "Raptorex", "Timurlengia", "Xiongguanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Alectrosaurus": [ "560921", "568511" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38610" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "81277", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "295547", "81277", "81293" ], "candidateIds": [ "295547", "81277", "81293" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38609", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38609", "294802" ], "candidateIds": [ "38609", "294802" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38590", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38590" ], "candidateIds": [ "38590" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "391227", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "391227", "65529" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "djadokhta", "omnogov" ], "label": "Djadokhta Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "1456457", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daliansaurus", "Gobivenator", "Harenadraco", "Papiliovenator", "Pectinodon", "Sinusonasus", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Almas": [ "1456457" ], "Archaeornithoides": [ "490894" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "391227", "65529" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "249147", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "candidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "496614", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "496614", "143653", "38594", "519536" ], "candidateIds": [ "496614", "143653", "38594", "519536" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "58902", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58902" ], "candidateIds": [ "58902" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38596", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38596", "68130", "426826" ], "candidateIds": [ "38596", "68130", "426826" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64774", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "candidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64123", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64123", "68240" ], "candidateIds": [ "64123", "68240" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "470681", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470681", "68125", "466003", "398796", "38729", "119884", "38721" ], "candidateIds": [ "470681", "466003", "119884" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "BR", "rio grande do sul" ], "label": "Rio Grande do Sul · BR", "occurrenceId": "1624818", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Amanasaurus", "Gamatavus", "Sacisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Eucoelophysis", "Kwanasaurus", "Pisanosaurus", "Technosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Amanasaurus": [ "1624818" ], "Gamatavus": [ "1615939" ], "Sacisaurus": [ "536062" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "470681", "466003", "119884" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "409504", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "409504", "57684", "91327", "294727" ], "candidateIds": [ "409504", "57684", "91327", "294727" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53960", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53960", "381349" ], "candidateIds": [ "53960", "381349" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "140517", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "140517", "375508" ], "candidateIds": [ "140517", "375508" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "89458", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66565", "89458", "515930", "496269", "507183", "251279", "282473", "378458", "57368", "481295", "89456" ], "candidateIds": [ "89458" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "itapecuru" ], "label": "Itapecuru Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "624238", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Amazonsaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agustinia", "Astigmasaura", "Campananeyen", "Cienciargentina", "Comahuesaurus", "Katepensaurus", "Lavocatisaurus", "Rayososaurus", "Sidersaura", "Zapalasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Amazonsaurus": [ "624238" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "89458" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "424315", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "424315", "319908" ], "candidateIds": [ "424315", "319908" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38636", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38636" ], "candidateIds": [ "38636" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "477670", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "477670", "499903" ], "candidateIds": [ "477670", "499903" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65139", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65139", "169824", "430752", "65826" ], "candidateIds": [ "65139", "169824", "430752", "65826" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53180", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53180", "38658" ], "candidateIds": [ "53180", "38658" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "267679", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267679", "444047", "38791" ], "candidateIds": [ "267679", "444047", "38791" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64250", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64250", "38769", "38773", "271587", "38775", "72094", "38778" ], "candidateIds": [ "64250" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "yuliangzi" ], "label": "Yuliangzi Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "735997", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Amurosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aralosaurus", "Jaxartosaurus", "Kazaklambia", "Nipponosaurus", "Olorotitan", "Tsintaosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Amurosaurus": [ "735997" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "64250" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38655", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38655", "38661" ], "candidateIds": [ "38655", "38661" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "67278", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67278", "493365", "65253", "400665", "122466", "427244", "86836", "424526", "67276", "494766" ], "candidateIds": [ "67278" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "cerro lisandro" ], "label": "Cerro Lisandro Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "488652", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anabisetia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Chakisaurus", "Gasparinisaura", "Isasicursor", "Macrogryphosaurus", "Mahuidacursor", "Notohypsilophodon", "Sektensaurus", "Talenkauen", "Tietasaura" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anabisetia": [ "488651", "488652" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "67278" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "414475", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "414475", "71525" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "chuanjie", "yunnan" ], "label": "Chuanjie Formation · Yunnan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1499899", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Analong", "Chuanjiesaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Analong": [ "1499899" ], "Chuanjiesaurus": [ "651334" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "414475", "71525" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66592", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "516650", "66592", "358686", "461658", "461656", "305972", "38781" ], "candidateIds": [ "516650", "66592" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "kirtland" ], "label": "Kirtland Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "715657", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ahshislesaurus", "Anasazisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bonapartesaurus", "Huallasaurus", "Kelumapusaura", "Rhinorex", "Secernosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ahshislesaurus": [ "528343", "590222", "2042756" ], "Anasazisaurus": [ "715657" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "516650", "66592" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38852", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "38852", "38855", "38859" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "st. mary river" ], "label": "St. Mary River Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "513821", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anchiceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Chasmosaurus", "Pentaceratops" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anchiceratops": [ "513821" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38852", "38855", "38859" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "155058", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "255864", "38565", "68247", "372484", "193133" ], "candidateIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning" ], "label": "Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "1191912", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Eosinopteryx", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Caihong", "Paronychodon", "Pedopenna" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anchiornis": [ "829458", "929493", "1191912" ], "Eosinopteryx": [ "1097931" ], "Serikornis": [ "1407965" ], "Xiaotingia": [ "964027" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38637", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38637" ], "candidateIds": [ "38637" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "58917", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "58917" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "candeleros" ], "label": "Candeleros Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "460637", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Andesaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Andesaurus": [ "460637" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "58917" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64275", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64275", "64272", "180307" ], "candidateIds": [ "64275", "64272", "180307" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "180383", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "180383" ], "candidateIds": [ "180383" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "148539", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "318656", "148539", "251611" ], "candidateIds": [ "318656", "148539", "251611" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "376757", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "376757", "309607" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "hongqin", "anhui", "shexian" ], "label": "Hongqin Formation · Shexian · Anhui · CN", "occurrenceId": "1418650", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anhuilong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Huangshanlong" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anhuilong": [ "1418650" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "376757", "309607" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "97082", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "97082", "453333", "244993" ], "candidateIds": [ "97082", "453333", "244993" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "63698", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "63698", "38827" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "US", "cedar mountain", "utah", "emery" ], "label": "Cedar Mountain Formation · Emery · Utah · US", "occurrenceId": "285084", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Animantarx", "Sauropelta" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Sauropelta" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Animantarx": [ "285084" ], "Sauropelta": [ "1627456" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Animantarx": [ "animantarx-carol-site-member", "nodosauridae-6", "nodosauridae-7" ], "Sauropelta": [ "nodosauridae-8" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "63698", "38827" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38837", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "candidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "63439", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "candidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372266", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "372266", "372793", "103707" ], "candidateIds": [ "372266", "372793", "103707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38745", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "candidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66671", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370065", "66671", "38540", "519528", "38547", "176037", "68341" ], "candidateIds": [ "66671", "38547" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "nemegt" ], "label": "Nemegt Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "513562", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anserimimus", "Gallimimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aepyornithomimus", "Archaeornithomimus", "Dzharacursor", "Qiupalong", "Sinornithomimus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anserimimus": [ "513562", "1626728" ], "Gallimimus": [ "387402", "403444", "404787", "534085", "1035257", "1058795", "1058796", "1058810", "1244156", "1267017", "1267110", "1267112", "1269348", "1337488", "1337490", "1337491", "1338362", "1338366", "1338412", "1338418", "1338419", "1338568", "1338569", "1338652", "1587770", "1619349", "2056773", "2056804" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66671", "38547" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "77202", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "77202" ], "candidateIds": [ "77202" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38685", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "433884", "180311", "480843", "233928", "57466", "81766", "384013", "400667", "66268" ], "candidateIds": [ "38685" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "AR", "río negro", "el cuy" ], "label": "El Cuy · Río Negro · AR", "occurrenceId": "508147", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Antarctosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Arackar", "Atacamatitan", "Bustingorrytitan", "Elaltitan", "Epachthosaurus", "Jainosaurus", "Kaijutitan", "Nullotitan", "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Antarctosaurus": [ "508147" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38685" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "515869", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "515869", "174878", "430203" ], "candidateIds": [ "515869", "174878", "430203" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57753", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57753" ], "candidateIds": [ "57753" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "290022", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "290022", "345864", "38558", "427201", "256492", "71334" ], "candidateIds": [ "290022" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "US", "north dakota" ], "label": "North Dakota · US", "occurrenceId": "1197990", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anzu" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Apatoraptor", "Caenagnathus", "Citipes", "Epichirostenotes", "Hagryphus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anzu": [ "1197990" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "290022" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "345412", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "345412", "283700" ], "candidateIds": [ "345412", "283700" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "267166", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267166", "424325" ], "candidateIds": [ "267166", "424325" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "345864", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "290022", "345864", "38558", "427201", "256492", "71334" ], "candidateIds": [ "345864" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CA", "horseshoe canyon", "horsethief" ], "label": "Horsethief Member · Horseshoe Canyon Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "1338877", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Apatoraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anzu", "Caenagnathus", "Citipes", "Epichirostenotes", "Hagryphus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Apatoraptor": [ "1338877" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "345864" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38665", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38665", "52983" ], "candidateIds": [ "38665", "52983" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65079", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65079", "38605", "372448", "399346", "53212", "395956", "362111" ], "candidateIds": [ "65079" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "demopolis chalk" ], "label": "Demopolis Chalk Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "486392", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Appalachiosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dryptosaurus", "Gualicho", "Moros", "Nanotyrannus", "Suskityrannus", "Teihivenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Appalachiosaurus": [ "486392" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "65079" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "424515", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "424515", "346306", "38762", "264233", "468705" ], "candidateIds": [ "424515", "346306", "38762", "264233", "468705" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "310995", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "310995" ], "candidateIds": [ "310995" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "433884", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "433884", "180311", "480843", "233928", "57466", "384013", "400667", "66268" ], "candidateIds": [ "433884" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CL", "hornitos" ], "label": "Hornitos Formation · CL", "occurrenceId": "1549243", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Arackar" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Antarctosaurus", "Atacamatitan", "Bustingorrytitan", "Elaltitan", "Epachthosaurus", "Kaijutitan", "Nullotitan", "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Arackar": [ "1549243" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "433884" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "70636", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70636" ], "candidateIds": [ "70636" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38769", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64250", "38769", "38773", "271587", "38775", "72094", "38778" ], "candidateIds": [ "38769" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "KZ", "bostobe" ], "label": "Bostobe Formation · KZ", "occurrenceId": "520733", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Aralosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Amurosaurus", "Jaxartosaurus", "Kazaklambia", "Nipponosaurus", "Olorotitan", "Tsintaosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Aralosaurus": [ "520733" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38769" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "453333", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "97082", "453333", "244993" ], "candidateIds": [ "97082", "453333", "244993" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "55575", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55575", "66588", "94031", "426795", "67673", "55581", "328822", "498078", "85967" ], "candidateIds": [ "55575" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "xiagou" ], "label": "Xiagou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "881478", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Archaeoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Asiaceratops", "Auroraceratops", "Beg", "Graciliceratops", "Liaoceratops", "Mosaiceratops", "Sasayamagnomus", "Yamaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Archaeoceratops": [ "881478" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "55575" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "503585", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "503585" ], "candidateIds": [ "503585" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68475", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68475", "327196", "38650" ], "candidateIds": [ "68475", "327196", "38650" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65529", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "391227", "65529" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "djadokhta", "omnogov" ], "label": "Djadokhta Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "490894", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daliansaurus", "Gobivenator", "Harenadraco", "Papiliovenator", "Pectinodon", "Sinusonasus", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Almas": [ "1456457" ], "Archaeornithoides": [ "490894" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "391227", "65529" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38540", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370065", "66671", "38540", "519528", "38547", "176037", "68341" ], "candidateIds": [ "38540" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "iren dabasu" ], "label": "Iren Dabasu Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "487441", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Archaeornithomimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aepyornithomimus", "Anserimimus", "Dzharacursor", "Gallimimus", "Qiupalong", "Sinornithomimus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Archaeornithomimus": [ "487439", "487441" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38540" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "285748", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "285748", "56391" ], "candidateIds": [ "285748", "56391" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "188978", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "188978", "53022" ], "candidateIds": [ "188978", "53022" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "498483", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "candidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "161195", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "candidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66645", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66645", "58912", "304823", "478763", "442426", "358623" ], "candidateIds": [ "66645" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "huincul" ], "label": "Huincul Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "513500", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Argentinosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bonitasaura", "Dreadnoughtus", "Inawentu", "Menucocelsior", "Patagotitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Argentinosaurus": [ "513500" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66645" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38686", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "38686" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "lago colhué huapi" ], "label": "Lago Colhué Huapi Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "508502", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Argyrosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Argyrosaurus": [ "508502" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38686" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38527", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38527", "57427" ], "candidateIds": [ "38527", "57427" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "370063", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370063" ], "candidateIds": [ "370063" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38853", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "38852", "38853", "38855", "38859" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "horseshoe canyon" ], "label": "Horseshoe Canyon Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-4", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Chasmosaurus", "Pentaceratops" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anchiceratops": [ "297616", "606103", "606104", "1391276", "1391290", "1472806" ], "Arrhinoceratops": [ "626784", "1182432", "1208345" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Anchiceratops": [ "ceratopsid-overlaps-4" ], "Arrhinoceratops": [ "ceratopsid-overlaps-4" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "38852", "38853", "38855", "38859" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "436895", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "BR", "são paulo" ], "label": "São Paulo · BR", "occurrenceId": "625892", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bravasaurus", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Overosaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Punatitan", "Rinconsaurus", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Adamantisaurus": [], "Arrudatitan": [ "625892" ], "Brasilotitan": [ "536069" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Adamantisaurus": [ "adamantisaurus-type-2006-formation" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "402053", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "402053" ], "candidateIds": [ "402053" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66588", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55575", "66588", "94031", "426795", "67673", "55581", "328822", "498078", "85967" ], "candidateIds": [ "66588" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UZ", "khodzhakul" ], "label": "Khodzhakul Formation · UZ", "occurrenceId": "606334", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Asiaceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Archaeoceratops", "Auroraceratops", "Beg", "Graciliceratops", "Liaoceratops", "Mosaiceratops", "Sasayamagnomus", "Yamaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Asiaceratops": [ "560920", "606267", "606268", "606275", "606279", "606331", "606334" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66588" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "494873", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494873" ], "candidateIds": [ "494873" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "164324", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "164324" ], "candidateIds": [ "164324" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "515930", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66565", "89458", "515930", "496269", "507183", "251279", "282473", "378458", "57368", "481295", "89456" ], "candidateIds": [ "515930", "507183", "481295" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "huincul" ], "label": "Huincul Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1604940", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Astigmasaura", "Cienciargentina", "Sidersaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agustinia", "Amazonsaurus", "Campananeyen", "Comahuesaurus", "Katepensaurus", "Lavocatisaurus", "Rayososaurus", "Zapalasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Astigmasaura": [ "1604940" ], "Cienciargentina": [ "1379988" ], "Sidersaura": [ "1642293", "1642294" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "515930", "507183", "481295" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "253236", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "253236" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "paluxy" ], "label": "Paluxy Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1092776", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Brontomerus", "Chubutisaurus", "Dasosaurus", "Ligabuesaurus", "Padillasaurus", "Sauroposeidon", "Triunfosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Astrophocaudia": [ "1092776" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "253236" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "153775", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153775", "64391", "117152", "53022" ], "candidateIds": [ "153775", "64391", "117152", "53022" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "180311", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "433884", "180311", "480843", "233928", "57466", "384013", "400667", "66268" ], "candidateIds": [ "180311" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CL", "tolar" ], "label": "Tolar Formation · CL", "occurrenceId": "571708", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Atacamatitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Antarctosaurus", "Arackar", "Bustingorrytitan", "Elaltitan", "Epachthosaurus", "Kaijutitan", "Nullotitan", "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Atacamatitan": [ "571708" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "180311" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "515983", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "515983", "157545", "431632", "57363" ], "candidateIds": [ "515983", "157545", "431632", "57363" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53041", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53041" ], "candidateIds": [ "53041" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57103", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "398669", "434090", "57101", "38750", "66575", "396013" ], "candidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "434090", "57101" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AU", "eumeralla" ], "label": "Eumeralla Formation · AU", "occurrenceId": "1604560", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus", "Diluvicursor", "Galleonosaurus", "Leaellynasaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Galleonosaurus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Fostoria", "Muttaburrasaurus", "Qantassaurus", "Weewarrasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Atlascopcosaurus": [ "401698", "401707", "401720", "401728", "1604560", "1604564" ], "Diluvicursor": [ "1508978" ], "Galleonosaurus": [ "1604562" ], "Leaellynasaura": [ "401697", "401706", "401729", "1604533" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57103", "372639", "434090", "57101" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "132125", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "132125", "38567" ], "candidateIds": [ "132125", "38567" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "169824", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65139", "169824", "430752", "65826" ], "candidateIds": [ "65139", "169824", "430752", "65826" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54523", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54523", "65415", "460113", "54531", "138555", "379317" ], "candidateIds": [ "54523" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "anacleto" ], "label": "Anacleto Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "297302", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Aucasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ekrixinatosaurus", "Guemesia", "Ilokelesia", "Skorpiovenator", "Thanos" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Aucasaurus": [ "297302", "955293" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54523" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "351776", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "351776", "38767", "38768" ], "candidateIds": [ "351776", "38767", "38768" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "94031", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55575", "66588", "94031", "426795", "67673", "55581", "328822", "498078", "85967" ], "candidateIds": [ "94031" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "zhonggou", "upper red beds" ], "label": "Upper Red Beds Member · Zhonggou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1465652", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Auroraceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Archaeoceratops", "Asiaceratops", "Beg", "Graciliceratops", "Liaoceratops", "Mosaiceratops", "Sasayamagnomus", "Yamaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Auroraceratops": [ "1465652" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "94031" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "100783", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "100783" ], "candidateIds": [ "100783" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "148972", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148972" ], "candidateIds": [ "148972" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "167086", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "167086", "416254", "54536" ], "candidateIds": [ "167086", "416254", "54536" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "346948", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "346948", "184915", "109004", "55583", "287942", "174549" ], "candidateIds": [ "346948" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "presidente prudente" ], "label": "Presidente Prudente Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1344156", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Austroposeidon" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Drusilasaura", "Futalognkosaurus", "Mendozasaurus", "Quetecsaurus", "Traukutitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Austroposeidon": [ "1344156" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "346948" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "138547", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "138547", "68201", "492469", "64530", "65421", "444041" ], "candidateIds": [ "138547" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "AR", "allen", "lower" ], "label": "Lower Member · Allen Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "565275", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Austroraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Buitreraptor", "Diuqin", "Neuquenraptor", "Unenlagia", "Ypupiara" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Austroraptor": [ "565275" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "138547" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38675", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38675" ], "candidateIds": [ "38675" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "55538", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55538", "378710", "475401", "273963", "378712" ], "candidateIds": [ "55538", "378710", "475401", "273963", "378712" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68481", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68481" ], "candidateIds": [ "68481" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38615", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38615", "66065", "64890", "261035", "66067", "502773" ], "candidateIds": [ "38615" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "djadokhta" ], "label": "Djadokhta Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1333293", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Avimimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Caudipteryx", "Incisivosaurus", "Ningyuansaurus", "Protarchaeopteryx", "Yuanyanglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Avimimus": [ "1333293" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38615" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "379935", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "379935", "153725" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "portezuelo" ], "label": "Portezuelo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1427413", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Barrosasaurus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Baalsaurus": [ "1427413" ], "Barrosasaurus": [ "1555070" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "379935", "153725" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38770", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "38770" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "KZ", "dabrazhin" ], "label": "Dabrazhin Formation · KZ", "occurrenceId": "520731", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bactrosaurus": [ "520731" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38770" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38846", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38846", "58853", "38848" ], "candidateIds": [ "38846", "58853", "38848" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "428862", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "428862", "38706", "461498" ], "candidateIds": [ "428862", "38706", "461498" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "370985", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370985" ], "candidateIds": [ "370985" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38575", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38575" ], "candidateIds": [ "38575" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "494686", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "candidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "381349", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53960", "381349" ], "candidateIds": [ "53960", "381349" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "170642", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170642", "92201", "66532", "65133", "58873", "65135" ], "candidateIds": [ "170642" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "RO", "alba" ], "label": "Alba · RO", "occurrenceId": "882032", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Balaur" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dromaeosauroides", "Nuthetes", "Pyroraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Variraptor" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Balaur": [ "882032" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "170642" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68419", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68419", "58873" ], "candidateIds": [ "68419", "58873" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "172314", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172314", "67258", "265586", "68047", "276172", "57025", "174100", "95490", "430728", "87637" ], "candidateIds": [ "172314", "265586", "276172" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "jiangxi" ], "label": "Jiangxi · CN", "occurrenceId": "883310", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Banji", "Ganzhousaurus", "Jiangxisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Conchoraptor", "Heyuannia", "Khaan", "Machairasaurus", "Nemegtomaia", "Oksoko", "Shixinggia" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Banji": [ "883310" ], "Ganzhousaurus": [ "1126121" ], "Jiangxisaurus": [ "1163955" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Banji": [ "asian-sauropod-20" ], "Ganzhousaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-20", "asian-sauropod-21", "complete-1126121" ], "Jiangxisaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-20", "complete-1163955", "complete-jiangxisaurus" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "172314", "265586", "276172" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "391220", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391220", "424533", "391295", "38549", "391218" ], "candidateIds": [ "391220", "424533", "391295", "38549", "391218" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "153876", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "407882", "153876", "84659", "202260", "482171", "440882", "38708" ], "candidateIds": [ "153876" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "xiaguan" ], "label": "Xiaguan Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "826891", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Baotianmansaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abdarainurus", "Borealosaurus", "Dongyangosaurus", "Gandititan", "Hamititan", "Mongolosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Baotianmansaurus": [ "826891" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "153876" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38656", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38656" ], "candidateIds": [ "38656" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "167439", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "167439" ], "candidateIds": [ "167439" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38666", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456", "38695" ], "candidateIds": [ "38666" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "ZW", "kadzi" ], "label": "Kadzi Formation · ZW", "occurrenceId": "488683", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Barosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ardetosaurus", "Diplodocus", "Galeamopus", "Supersaurus", "Tornieria" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Barosaurus": [ "488683" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38666" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "153725", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "153725", "201024" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "AR", "anacleto", "neuquén" ], "label": "Anacleto Formation · Neuquén · AR", "occurrenceId": "826758", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Barrosasaurus", "Narambuenatitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Barrosasaurus": [ "826758" ], "Narambuenatitan": [ "980820" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "153725", "201024" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38771", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "candidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "58891", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58891", "472223", "502838", "397944" ], "candidateIds": [ "58891", "472223", "502838", "397944" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "455658", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "candidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "245643", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "245643" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "KZ", "bostobe" ], "label": "Bostobe Formation · KZ", "occurrenceId": "1070319", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Batyrosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Batyrosaurus": [ "1070319" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "245643" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "85462", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610", "66573", "523952", "172032" ], "candidateIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "serra da galga" ], "label": "Serra da Galga Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1612552", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Aeolosaurus", "Baurutitan", "Caieiria" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gondwanatitan", "Mesetasaurus", "Panamericansaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Aeolosaurus": [ "625893" ], "Baurutitan": [ "508524", "508532", "1294033", "1612552" ], "Caieiria": [ "1612553" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "378706", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "378706", "38749" ], "candidateIds": [ "378706", "38749" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68130", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38596", "68130", "426826" ], "candidateIds": [ "38596", "68130", "426826" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "426795", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55575", "66588", "94031", "426795", "67673", "55581", "328822", "498078", "85967" ], "candidateIds": [ "426795" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "ulaanoosh" ], "label": "Ulaanoosh Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1528457", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Beg" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Archaeoceratops", "Asiaceratops", "Auroraceratops", "Graciliceratops", "Liaoceratops", "Mosaiceratops", "Sasayamagnomus", "Yamaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Beg": [ "1528457" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "426795" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372793", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "372266", "372793", "103707" ], "candidateIds": [ "372266", "372793", "103707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68240", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64123", "68240" ], "candidateIds": [ "64123", "68240" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "146117", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "146117", "245415", "156165", "68333" ], "candidateIds": [ "146117", "245415", "156165", "68333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54863", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "54863", "66626", "38670", "38703" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "shishugou", "xinjiang" ], "label": "Shishugou Formation · Xinjiang · CN", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-15", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bellusaurus", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Tienshanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bellusaurus": [ "522076" ], "Klamelisaurus": [ "1107999" ], "Mamenchisaurus": [ "384334" ], "Tienshanosaurus": [ "522040", "557584", "658311" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Bellusaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-15" ], "Klamelisaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-16" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "54863", "66626", "38670", "38703" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "109007", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "109007" ], "candidateIds": [ "109007" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "444933", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "444933" ], "candidateIds": [ "444933" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "244993", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "97082", "453333", "244993" ], "candidateIds": [ "97082", "453333", "244993" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519438", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519438" ], "candidateIds": [ "519438" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57228", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57228", "302920", "484516", "84234", "500588", "68244", "52794" ], "candidateIds": [ "57228" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UZ", "bissekty" ], "label": "Bissekty Formation · UZ", "occurrenceId": "840363", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bissektipelta" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Chuanqilong", "Datai", "Gobisaurus", "Huaxiazhoulong", "Liaoningosaurus", "Shamosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bissektipelta": [ "840363" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57228" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "163807", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163807", "435346", "38627", "176780" ], "candidateIds": [ "163807", "435346", "38627", "176780" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "461645", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "461645", "420727", "38859", "420729" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "kirtland", "farmington" ], "label": "Farmington Member · Kirtland Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "368121", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bisticeratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Navajoceratops", "Pentaceratops", "Terminocavus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bisticeratops": [ "368121" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "461645", "420727", "38859", "420729" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243257", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "candidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38652", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38652", "38648", "335602", "322707" ], "candidateIds": [ "38652", "38648", "335602", "322707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "173565", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "173565" ], "candidateIds": [ "173565" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243259", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "243259", "64772" ], "candidateIds": [ "243259", "64772" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "358686", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "516650", "66592", "358686", "461658", "461656", "305972", "38781" ], "candidateIds": [ "358686" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "AR", "allen", "lower" ], "label": "Lower Member · Allen Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1375522", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bonapartesaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ahshislesaurus", "Anasazisaurus", "Huallasaurus", "Kelumapusaura", "Rhinorex", "Secernosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bonapartesaurus": [ "1375522" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "358686" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65534", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "candidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "58912", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66645", "58912", "304823", "478763", "442426", "358623" ], "candidateIds": [ "58912" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "AR", "río negro", "cerro policía" ], "label": "Cerro Policía · Río Negro · AR", "occurrenceId": "460631", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bonitasaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Argentinosaurus", "Dreadnoughtus", "Inawentu", "Menucocelsior", "Patagotitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bonitasaura": [ "460631" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "58912" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "371999", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "371999" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "clearwater" ], "label": "Clearwater Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "1407041", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Borealopelta" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Borealopelta": [ "1407041" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "371999" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "84659", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "407882", "153876", "84659", "202260", "482171", "440882", "38708" ], "candidateIds": [ "84659" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "sunjiawan" ], "label": "Sunjiawan Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "602117", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Borealosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abdarainurus", "Baotianmansaurus", "Dongyangosaurus", "Gandititan", "Hamititan", "Mongolosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Borealosaurus": [ "602117" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "84659" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "333797", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "235251", "52959" ], "candidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "235251", "52959" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64790", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64790", "38573", "168437" ], "candidateIds": [ "64790", "38573", "168437" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38677", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38677", "81693", "67847", "65343", "352537" ], "candidateIds": [ "38677", "81693", "67847", "65343", "352537" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38757", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "candidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66114", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66114" ], "candidateIds": [ "66114" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "276170", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "BR", "são paulo" ], "label": "São Paulo · BR", "occurrenceId": "536069", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bravasaurus", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Overosaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Punatitan", "Rinconsaurus", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Adamantisaurus": [], "Arrudatitan": [ "625892" ], "Brasilotitan": [ "536069" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Adamantisaurus": [ "adamantisaurus-type-2006-formation" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "427963", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "427963", "427961" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "ciénaga del río huaco" ], "label": "Ciénaga del Río Huaco Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1532559", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bravasaurus", "Punatitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Overosaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Rinconsaurus", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bravasaurus": [ "1532559" ], "Punatitan": [ "1532561" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "427963", "427961" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "58853", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38846", "58853", "38848" ], "candidateIds": [ "38846", "58853", "38848" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "452620", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "452620", "494520", "253831" ], "candidateIds": [ "452620", "494520", "253831" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "178321", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "178321" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "cedar mountain" ], "label": "Cedar Mountain Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "883353", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Brontomerus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia", "Chubutisaurus", "Dasosaurus", "Ligabuesaurus", "Padillasaurus", "Sauroposeidon", "Triunfosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Brontomerus": [ "883353" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "178321" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "52983", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38665", "52983" ], "candidateIds": [ "38665", "52983" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519375", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267728", "519375", "448078", "471621", "67681" ], "candidateIds": [ "267728", "519375", "448078", "471621", "67681" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68201", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "138547", "68201", "492469", "64530", "65421", "444041" ], "candidateIds": [ "68201" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "AR", "candeleros", "upper" ], "label": "Upper Member · Candeleros Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1598310", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Buitreraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroraptor", "Diuqin", "Neuquenraptor", "Unenlagia", "Ypupiara" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Buitreraptor": [ "534996", "1598310" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68201" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372411", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "372411" ], "candidateIds": [ "372411" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "347521", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519773", "347521", "57453" ], "candidateIds": [ "519773", "347521", "57453" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "480843", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "433884", "180311", "480843", "233928", "57466", "384013", "400667", "66268" ], "candidateIds": [ "480843" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "huincul" ], "label": "Huincul Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1641448", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bustingorrytitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Antarctosaurus", "Arackar", "Atacamatitan", "Elaltitan", "Epachthosaurus", "Kaijutitan", "Nullotitan", "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bustingorrytitan": [ "1641448" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "480843" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57019", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "candidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54542", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54542", "38556" ], "candidateIds": [ "54542", "38556" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38558", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "290022", "345864", "38558", "427201", "256492", "71334" ], "candidateIds": [ "38558", "427201" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "dinosaur park" ], "label": "Dinosaur Park Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "1638272", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Caenagnathus", "Citipes" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anzu", "Apatoraptor", "Epichirostenotes", "Hagryphus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Caenagnathus": [ "472460", "888629", "1237523", "1237524", "1251082", "1638271", "1638272" ], "Citipes": [ "472459", "472462", "472467", "472469", "602831", "604152", "1528997", "1638246", "1638257", "1638267", "1638268" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38558", "427201" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "463610", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610", "66573", "523952", "172032" ], "candidateIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "serra da galga" ], "label": "Serra da Galga Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1612553", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Aeolosaurus", "Baurutitan", "Caieiria" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gondwanatitan", "Mesetasaurus", "Panamericansaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Aeolosaurus": [ "625893" ], "Baurutitan": [ "508524", "508532", "1294033", "1612552" ], "Caieiria": [ "1612553" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372275", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "255864", "38565", "68247", "372484", "193133" ], "candidateIds": [ "372275" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "hebei" ], "label": "Hebei · CN", "occurrenceId": "1407542", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Caihong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Eosinopteryx", "Paronychodon", "Pedopenna", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Caihong": [ "1407542" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "372275" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66528", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66528", "68315" ], "candidateIds": [ "66528", "68315" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "497371", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "497371" ], "candidateIds": [ "497371" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38747", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38747" ], "candidateIds": [ "38747" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "473968", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "473968", "251719", "516717", "434122", "519177", "374117" ], "candidateIds": [ "473968" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "ES", "talarn" ], "label": "Talarn Formation · ES", "occurrenceId": "1627611", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Calvarius" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Delapparentia", "Istiorachis", "Magnamanus", "Paulodon", "Riabininohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Calvarius": [ "1627611" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "473968" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38697", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38697", "71349" ], "candidateIds": [ "38697", "71349" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "249475", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "249475" ], "candidateIds": [ "249475" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38647", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38647", "423027" ], "candidateIds": [ "38647", "423027" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "496269", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66565", "89458", "515930", "496269", "507183", "251279", "282473", "378458", "57368", "481295", "89456" ], "candidateIds": [ "496269", "57368" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "candeleros" ], "label": "Candeleros Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1332074", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Campananeyen", "Rayososaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agustinia", "Amazonsaurus", "Astigmasaura", "Cienciargentina", "Comahuesaurus", "Katepensaurus", "Lavocatisaurus", "Sidersaura", "Zapalasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Campananeyen": [ "1332074" ], "Rayososaurus": [ "561805" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "496269", "57368" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66658", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66658", "38520", "372123" ], "candidateIds": [ "66658", "38520", "372123" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38748", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38748", "38749" ], "candidateIds": [ "38748", "38749" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "274520", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "candidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38576", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38597", "38576", "123317", "54540", "440804", "77205", "505393", "345410", "58907" ], "candidateIds": [ "38576" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "alcântara" ], "label": "Alcântara Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1672866", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Carcharodontosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acrocanthosaurus", "Eocarcharia", "Giganotosaurus", "Lajasvenator", "Mapusaurus", "Tameryraptor", "Taurovenator", "Unquillosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Carcharodontosaurus": [ "1243975", "1672866" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38576" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53008", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53008" ], "candidateIds": [ "53008" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519173", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519173", "438296", "372409", "439823" ], "candidateIds": [ "519173", "438296", "372409", "439823" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54533", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54533", "472264", "491504", "435367", "53941", "54538", "336874" ], "candidateIds": [ "54533", "491504" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "la colonia" ], "label": "La Colonia Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "263808", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Carnotaurus", "Koleken" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Elemgasem", "Llukalkan", "Pycnonemosaurus", "Quilmesaurus", "Viavenator" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Carnotaurus": [ "263808" ], "Koleken": [ "1587111" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54533", "491504" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "89494", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "89494", "63871" ], "candidateIds": [ "89494", "63871" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66065", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38615", "66065", "64890", "261035", "66067", "502773" ], "candidateIds": [ "66065", "261035", "66067" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "yixian", "jianshangou" ], "label": "Jianshangou Member · Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "537314", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Caudipteryx", "Protarchaeopteryx" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Ningyuansaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Avimimus", "Incisivosaurus", "Yuanyanglong" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Caudipteryx": [ "130295", "537314" ], "Protarchaeopteryx": [ "130294" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66065", "261035", "66067" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64905", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163941", "64905", "68169", "66515" ], "candidateIds": [ "163941", "64905", "68169", "66515" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "81293", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "295547", "81277", "81293" ], "candidateIds": [ "295547", "81277", "81293" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "104637", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "104637", "38759", "66499", "475291", "243278", "168389", "64526" ], "candidateIds": [ "104637" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "cedar mountain", "yellow cat" ], "label": "Yellow Cat Member · Cedar Mountain Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "686851", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Cedrorestes" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Claosaurus", "Eolambia", "Gonkoken", "Huehuecanauhtlus", "Jeyawati", "Protohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Cedrorestes": [ "686851" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "104637" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38854", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38854", "249800", "170627", "215069", "38860" ], "candidateIds": [ "38854", "249800", "170627", "215069", "38860" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "110946", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "110946" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "two medicine", "hagans crossing" ], "label": "Hagans Crossing Member · Two Medicine Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "901548", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Cerasinops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ferrisaurus", "Gremlin", "Gryphoceratops", "Leptoceratops", "Montanoceratops", "Prenoceratops", "Unescoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Cerasinops": [ "901548" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "110946" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "523878", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "523878", "171376", "463192" ], "candidateIds": [ "523878", "171376", "463192" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "145604", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot", "omnogov" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "809197", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ceratonykus", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 5, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ceratonykus": [ "809197" ], "Jaculinykus": [ "1639584" ], "Khulsanurus": [ "1604958" ], "Ondogurvel": [ "1593675" ], "Parvicursor": [ "283992" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38600", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38600", "390562", "71392" ], "candidateIds": [ "38600", "390562", "71392" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "443996", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443996", "443998" ], "candidateIds": [ "443996", "443998" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38667", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38667" ], "candidateIds": [ "38667" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38657", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38657", "176574", "68535" ], "candidateIds": [ "38657", "176574", "68535" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "505092", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "505092" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "AR", "río negro" ], "label": "Río Negro · AR", "occurrenceId": "1688765", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Chadititan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan", "Bravasaurus", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Overosaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Punatitan", "Rinconsaurus", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Chadititan": [ "1688765" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "505092" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "493365", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67278", "493365", "65253", "400665", "122466", "427244", "86836", "424526", "67276", "494766" ], "candidateIds": [ "493365" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "huincul" ], "label": "Huincul Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1658575", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Chakisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anabisetia", "Gasparinisaura", "Isasicursor", "Macrogryphosaurus", "Mahuidacursor", "Notohypsilophodon", "Sektensaurus", "Talenkauen", "Tietasaura" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Chakisaurus": [ "1658575" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "493365" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "426829", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "426829", "519157" ], "candidateIds": [ "426829", "519157" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "299732", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "299732", "146456", "523876", "68238", "96499", "68204", "391290" ], "candidateIds": [ "299732" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "yixian", "liaoning", "jianchang" ], "label": "Yixian Formation · Jianchang · Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "1215849", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Changyuraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Graciliraptor", "Jian", "Microraptor", "Shanag", "Sinornithosaurus", "Zhongjianosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Changyuraptor": [ "1215849" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "299732" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "523883", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "523883", "38565", "130179" ], "candidateIds": [ "523883", "38565", "130179" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "55579", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55579", "333388", "153948", "90117" ], "candidateIds": [ "55579", "333388", "153948", "90117" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64258", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64258" ], "candidateIds": [ "64258" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38855", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "38855", "38859", "215082" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "oldman" ], "label": "Oldman Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "374384", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Chasmosaurus", "Vagaceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Pentaceratops" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Chasmosaurus": [ "374384" ], "Vagaceratops": [ "504696" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38855", "38859", "215082" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "81009", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "81009" ], "candidateIds": [ "81009" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "378708", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "378708" ], "candidateIds": [ "378708" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38619", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38619" ], "candidateIds": [ "38619" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "319906", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "319906" ], "candidateIds": [ "319906" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66908", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "candidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68151", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "candidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38555", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "candidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "360505", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "360505" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "huincul" ], "label": "Huincul Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "513398", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Choconsaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Choconsaurus": [ "513398" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "360505" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "467088", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "467088" ], "candidateIds": [ "467088" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "242719", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "candidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65680", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65680", "52766", "66392", "425462" ], "candidateIds": [ "65680", "52766", "66392", "425462" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "71525", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "414475", "71525" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "chuanjie", "yunnan" ], "label": "Chuanjie Formation · Yunnan · CN", "occurrenceId": "651334", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Analong", "Chuanjiesaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Analong": [ "1499899" ], "Chuanjiesaurus": [ "651334" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "414475", "71525" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "302920", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57228", "302920", "484516", "84234", "500588", "68244", "52794" ], "candidateIds": [ "302920" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "jiufotang" ], "label": "Jiufotang Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1222292", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Chuanqilong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bissektipelta", "Datai", "Gobisaurus", "Huaxiazhoulong", "Liaoningosaurus", "Shamosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Chuanqilong": [ "1222292" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "302920" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38688", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "38688" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "cerro barcino" ], "label": "Cerro Barcino Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "401692", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Chubutisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia", "Brontomerus", "Dasosaurus", "Ligabuesaurus", "Padillasaurus", "Sauroposeidon", "Triunfosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Chubutisaurus": [ "401692", "1632702" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38688" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "467411", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "467411", "334673", "83419" ], "candidateIds": [ "467411", "334673", "83419" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38805", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38805", "38806", "153286" ], "candidateIds": [ "38805", "38806", "153286" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "507183", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66565", "89458", "515930", "496269", "507183", "251279", "282473", "378458", "57368", "481295", "89456" ], "candidateIds": [ "515930", "507183", "481295" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "huincul" ], "label": "Huincul Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1379988", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Astigmasaura", "Cienciargentina", "Sidersaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agustinia", "Amazonsaurus", "Campananeyen", "Comahuesaurus", "Katepensaurus", "Lavocatisaurus", "Rayososaurus", "Zapalasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Astigmasaura": [ "1604940" ], "Cienciargentina": [ "1379988" ], "Sidersaura": [ "1642293", "1642294" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "515930", "507183", "481295" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57023", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57023", "376005", "324065", "68396", "347523", "268663" ], "candidateIds": [ "57023" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "djadokhta" ], "label": "Djadokhta Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1636844", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Citipati" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Corythoraptor", "Huanansaurus", "Rinchenia", "Tongtianlong", "Wulatelong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Citipati": [ "389089", "1636844" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57023" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "427201", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "290022", "345864", "38558", "427201", "256492", "71334" ], "candidateIds": [ "427201" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "US", "montana", "dawson" ], "label": "Dawson · Montana · US", "occurrenceId": "566952", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Citipes" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anzu", "Apatoraptor", "Caenagnathus", "Epichirostenotes", "Hagryphus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Citipes": [ "566952" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "427201" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38759", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "104637", "38759", "66499", "475291", "243278", "168389", "64526" ], "candidateIds": [ "38759" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "niobrara" ], "label": "Niobrara Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "296471", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Claosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cedrorestes", "Eolambia", "Gonkoken", "Huehuecanauhtlus", "Jeyawati", "Protohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Claosaurus": [ "296471" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38759" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "170566", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "170566" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "MX", "coahuila" ], "label": "Coahuila · MX", "occurrenceId": "881485", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Coahuilaceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Pentaceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Coahuilaceratops": [ "881485" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "170566" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "502379", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "502379", "53014", "53195", "66594" ], "candidateIds": [ "502379", "53014", "53195", "66594" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38520", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66658", "38520", "372123" ], "candidateIds": [ "66658", "38520", "372123" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "67690", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67690" ], "candidateIds": [ "67690" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68583", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68583" ], "candidateIds": [ "68583" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "251279", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66565", "89458", "515930", "496269", "507183", "251279", "282473", "378458", "57368", "481295", "89456" ], "candidateIds": [ "251279" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "AR", "lohan cura", "puesto quiroga" ], "label": "Puesto Quiroga Member · Lohan Cura Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "465497", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Comahuesaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agustinia", "Amazonsaurus", "Astigmasaura", "Campananeyen", "Cienciargentina", "Katepensaurus", "Lavocatisaurus", "Rayososaurus", "Sidersaura", "Zapalasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Comahuesaurus": [ "465497" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "251279" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38538", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38538", "72320", "65333" ], "candidateIds": [ "38538", "72320", "65333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "494520", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "452620", "494520", "253831" ], "candidateIds": [ "452620", "494520", "253831" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "170753", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170753" ], "candidateIds": [ "170753" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "67258", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172314", "67258", "265586", "68047", "276172", "57025", "174100", "95490", "430728", "87637" ], "candidateIds": [ "67258", "68047", "95490" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1691731", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Conchoraptor", "Heyuannia", "Nemegtomaia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Banji", "Ganzhousaurus", "Jiangxisaurus", "Khaan", "Machairasaurus", "Oksoko", "Shixinggia" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Conchoraptor": [ "404802", "1691731" ], "Heyuannia": [ "804050" ], "Nemegtomaia": [ "1302684", "1302686" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Nemegtomaia": [ "asian-sauropod-3" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "67258", "68047", "95490" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64061", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64061", "38628", "38592" ], "candidateIds": [ "64061", "38628", "38592" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "382686", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "382686", "473883", "38741" ], "candidateIds": [ "382686", "473883", "38741" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "249800", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38854", "249800", "170627", "215069", "38860" ], "candidateIds": [ "38854", "249800", "170627", "215069", "38860" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "376005", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57023", "376005", "324065", "68396", "347523", "268663" ], "candidateIds": [ "376005", "324065", "347523" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "hekou" ], "label": "Hekou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1417145", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Corythoraptor", "Huanansaurus", "Tongtianlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Citipati", "Rinchenia", "Wulatelong" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Corythoraptor": [ "1417145" ], "Huanansaurus": [ "1285645" ], "Tongtianlong": [ "1347766" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "376005", "324065", "347523" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38760", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "candidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38746", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38746" ], "candidateIds": [ "38746" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "437081", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "437081" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning" ], "label": "Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "1559526", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Eopinacosaurus", "Jinyunpelta", "Minotaurasaurus", "Pinacosaurus", "Saichania", "Talarurus", "Tarchia", "Tsagantegia", "Zaraapelta" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Crichtonpelta": [ "826858", "1559526" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "437081" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "378710", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55538", "378710", "475401", "273963", "378712" ], "candidateIds": [ "55538", "378710", "475401", "273963", "378712" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "160849", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "160849" ], "candidateIds": [ "160849" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64371", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64371" ], "candidateIds": [ "64371" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "52998", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "52998" ], "candidateIds": [ "52998" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "146463", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "146463", "38670", "38702" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "shaximiao", "upper" ], "label": "Upper Member · Shaximiao Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "811556", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Daanosaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Daanosaurus": [ "811556" ], "Mamenchisaurus": [ "256216", "295292", "475132", "522048", "564597", "564598", "572131", "1429041" ], "Omeisaurus": [ "557581", "572130", "1066328" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "146463", "38670", "38702" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38808", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38808" ], "candidateIds": [ "38808" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "182712", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "candidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "265640", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "265640" ], "candidateIds": [ "265640" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "163549", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163549", "178208", "178206", "104629" ], "candidateIds": [ "163549", "178208", "178206", "104629" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "331109", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "235251", "52959" ], "candidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "235251", "52959" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372126", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "372126", "84667" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "yixian" ], "label": "Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1589221", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Daliansaurus", "Sinusonasus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides", "Gobivenator", "Harenadraco", "Papiliovenator", "Pectinodon", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Daliansaurus": [ "1589221" ], "Sinusonasus": [ "602122" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "372126", "84667" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "171376", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "523878", "171376", "463192" ], "candidateIds": [ "523878", "171376", "463192" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "520235", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "520235" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "itapecuru" ], "label": "Itapecuru Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "2064913", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dasosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia", "Brontomerus", "Chubutisaurus", "Ligabuesaurus", "Padillasaurus", "Sauroposeidon", "Triunfosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dasosaurus": [ "2064913" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "520235" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38608", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38608", "424537" ], "candidateIds": [ "38608", "424537" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "484516", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57228", "302920", "484516", "84234", "500588", "68244", "52794" ], "candidateIds": [ "484516" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "zhoutian" ], "label": "Zhoutian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1646806", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Datai" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bissektipelta", "Chuanqilong", "Gobisaurus", "Huaxiazhoulong", "Liaoningosaurus", "Shamosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Datai": [ "1646806" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "484516" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "304520", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "304520", "399171", "444000" ], "candidateIds": [ "304520", "399171", "444000" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "338860", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "338860" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "huiquanpu", "shanxi" ], "label": "Huiquanpu Formation · Shanxi · CN", "occurrenceId": "1320308", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Datonglong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Datonglong": [ "1320308" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "338860" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "52769", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "52769", "67549", "514503", "519530", "270395", "38660" ], "candidateIds": [ "52769", "38660" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "shaximiao", "lower" ], "label": "Lower Member · Shaximiao Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "402868", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Datousaurus", "Shunosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ferganasaurus", "Huashanosaurus", "Jinchuanloong", "Nebulasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Datousaurus": [ "402868" ], "Shunosaurus": [ "402864", "1472811" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "52769", "38660" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "470203", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470203", "444049", "142706", "58873", "152529", "438217", "372130" ], "candidateIds": [ "470203" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "longjiang" ], "label": "Longjiang Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1624445", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Daurlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Kuru", "Luanchuanraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Tianyuraptor", "Wulong", "Zhenyuanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Daurlong": [ "1624445" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "470203" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "374225", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "374225", "38736" ], "candidateIds": [ "374225", "38736" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "154995", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "154995", "84665", "153669", "288219" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "gansu" ], "label": "Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": "829375", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Gobititan", "Qiaowanlong", "Yongjinglong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Daxiatitan": [ "829375" ], "Gobititan": [ "602121" ], "Qiaowanlong": [ "826709" ], "Yongjinglong": [ "1587594" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Daxiatitan": [ "asian-sauropod-12", "complete-829375" ], "Yongjinglong": [ "asian-sauropod-12", "complete-1587594" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "154995", "84665", "153669", "288219" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38551", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38551", "38548", "66669", "476925" ], "candidateIds": [ "38551", "38548", "66669", "476925" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38562", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38562", "54557" ], "candidateIds": [ "38562", "54557" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "251719", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "473968", "251719", "516717", "434122", "519177", "374117" ], "candidateIds": [ "251719" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "ES", "aragón" ], "label": "Aragón · ES", "occurrenceId": "636497", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Delapparentia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Calvarius", "Istiorachis", "Magnamanus", "Paulodon", "Riabininohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Delapparentia": [ "636497", "1224513" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "251719" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65366", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65366" ], "candidateIds": [ "65366" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "202269", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202269" ], "candidateIds": [ "202269" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "170568", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170568", "340975", "437582", "38857", "418756", "324308", "249798" ], "candidateIds": [ "170568", "340975" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "wahweap", "reynolds point" ], "label": "Reynolds Point Member · Wahweap Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "782319", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Diabloceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Machairoceratops" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Menefeeceratops", "Monoclonius", "Stellasaurus", "Wendiceratops", "Xenoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Diabloceratops": [ "782319", "782320" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "170568", "340975" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "148968", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148968", "347241", "148970" ], "candidateIds": [ "148968", "347241", "148970" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38668", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38668" ], "candidateIds": [ "38668" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "58835", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38610", "58835", "424531", "509676", "154174", "348490", "146099" ], "candidateIds": [ "58835" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning", "beipiao" ], "label": "Beipiao · Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "537572", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dilong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Alectrosaurus", "Jinbeisaurus", "Khankhuuluu", "Raptorex", "Timurlengia", "Xiongguanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dilong": [ "537572" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "58835" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38522", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38522", "370735", "38266" ], "candidateIds": [ "38522", "370735", "38266" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372639", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "398669", "434090", "57101", "38750", "66575", "396013" ], "candidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "434090", "57101" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AU", "eumeralla" ], "label": "Eumeralla Formation · AU", "occurrenceId": "1508978", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus", "Diluvicursor", "Galleonosaurus", "Leaellynasaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Galleonosaurus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Fostoria", "Muttaburrasaurus", "Qantassaurus", "Weewarrasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Atlascopcosaurus": [ "401698", "401707", "401720", "401728", "1604560", "1604564" ], "Diluvicursor": [ "1508978" ], "Galleonosaurus": [ "1604562" ], "Leaellynasaura": [ "401697", "401706", "401729", "1604533" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57103", "372639", "434090", "57101" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "413090", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "283585", "413090", "38564" ], "candidateIds": [ "283585", "413090", "38564" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65361", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65361", "38669" ], "candidateIds": [ "65361", "38669" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "202339", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202339", "280555" ], "candidateIds": [ "202339", "280555" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38669", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "65361", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "candidateIds": [ "38669" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "US", "new mexico" ], "label": "New Mexico · US", "occurrenceId": "513531", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Diplodocus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ardetosaurus", "Barosaurus", "Dinheirosaurus", "Galeamopus", "Supersaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Diplodocus": [ "405147", "513531" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38669" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "492469", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "138547", "68201", "492469", "64530", "65421", "444041" ], "candidateIds": [ "492469" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1657929", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Diuqin" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroraptor", "Buitreraptor", "Neuquenraptor", "Unenlagia", "Ypupiara" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Diuqin": [ "1657929" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "492469" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "153807", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "153807" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning" ], "label": "Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "826856", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dongbeititan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dzharatitanis", "Gannansaurus", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Jiangxititan", "Liubangosaurus", "Sibirotitan", "Sonidosaurus", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dongbeititan": [ "826856" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "153807" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "273053", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "273053", "526153", "38840", "294661" ], "candidateIds": [ "273053", "526153", "38840", "294661" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "202260", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "407882", "153876", "84659", "202260", "482171", "440882", "38708" ], "candidateIds": [ "202260" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "jinhua" ], "label": "Jinhua Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "984121", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dongyangosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abdarainurus", "Baotianmansaurus", "Borealosaurus", "Gandititan", "Hamititan", "Mongolosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dongyangosaurus": [ "984121" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "202260" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519157", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "426829", "519157" ], "candidateIds": [ "426829", "519157" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65335", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65335", "492472", "477067", "163544" ], "candidateIds": [ "65335", "492472", "477067", "163544" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38821", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38821", "38829" ], "candidateIds": [ "38821", "38829" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "335179", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "335179", "96663", "55544" ], "candidateIds": [ "335179", "96663", "55544" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "108768", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "108768" ], "candidateIds": [ "108768" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "304823", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66645", "58912", "304823", "478763", "442426", "358623" ], "candidateIds": [ "304823" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "cerro fortaleza" ], "label": "Cerro Fortaleza Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1227130", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dreadnoughtus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Argentinosaurus", "Bonitasaura", "Inawentu", "Menucocelsior", "Patagotitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dreadnoughtus": [ "1227130", "1671510" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "304823" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "92201", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170642", "92201", "66532", "65133", "58873", "65135" ], "candidateIds": [ "92201" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "DK", "jydegaard" ], "label": "Jydegaard Formation · DK", "occurrenceId": "635128", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dromaeosauroides" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Balaur", "Nuthetes", "Pyroraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Variraptor" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dromaeosauroides": [ "635128" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "92201" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38566", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "38626", "235251", "52959" ], "candidateIds": [ "38566" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "denver" ], "label": "Denver Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "491029", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dromaeosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Boreonykus", "Dakotaraptor", "Itemirus", "Yurgovuchia", "Zapsalis" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dromaeosaurus": [ "491029" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38566" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38542", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38542", "520791", "38544", "378714", "38545", "347159" ], "candidateIds": [ "38542", "38544", "38545" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "horseshoe canyon" ], "label": "Horseshoe Canyon Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "1561854", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dromiceiomimus", "Ornithomimus", "Struthiomimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Mexidracon", "Rativates", "Tototlmimus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dromiceiomimus": [ "467037", "517530", "517532", "517533", "1561854" ], "Ornithomimus": [ "463381", "517531", "517545", "517546", "1231944" ], "Struthiomimus": [ "517534" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38542", "38544", "38545" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "184915", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "346948", "184915", "109004", "55583", "287942", "174549" ], "candidateIds": [ "184915" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo barreal" ], "label": "Bajo Barreal Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "941813", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Drusilasaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroposeidon", "Futalognkosaurus", "Mendozasaurus", "Quetecsaurus", "Traukutitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Drusilasaura": [ "941813" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "184915" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38731", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38731", "321465", "38733" ], "candidateIds": [ "38731", "321465", "38733" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38605", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65079", "38605", "372448", "399346", "53212", "395956", "362111" ], "candidateIds": [ "38605" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "new egypt" ], "label": "New Egypt Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "485130", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dryptosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Appalachiosaurus", "Gualicho", "Moros", "Nanotyrannus", "Suskityrannus", "Teihivenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dryptosaurus": [ "485130" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38605" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "71332", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "71332", "38580", "66531", "38593" ], "candidateIds": [ "71332", "38580", "66531", "38593" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "506062", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "506062" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "MN", "ömnögovi" ], "label": "Ömnögovi · MN", "occurrenceId": "1690704", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Duonychus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Enigmosaurus", "Erliansaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Nanshiungosaurus", "Neimongosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Segnosaurus", "Suzhousaurus", "Therizinosaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Duonychus": [ "1690704" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "506062" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "202797", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202797", "386797", "52990", "38678" ], "candidateIds": [ "202797", "386797", "52990", "38678" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "136689", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "136689", "38583", "38587", "348314" ], "candidateIds": [ "136689", "38583", "38587", "348314" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "435346", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163807", "435346", "38627", "176780" ], "candidateIds": [ "163807", "435346", "38627", "176780" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "63897", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "candidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56513", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56513" ], "candidateIds": [ "56513" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "157545", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "515983", "157545", "431632", "57363" ], "candidateIds": [ "515983", "157545", "431632", "57363" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38706", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "428862", "38706", "461498" ], "candidateIds": [ "428862", "38706", "461498" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519528", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370065", "66671", "38540", "519528", "38547", "176037", "68341" ], "candidateIds": [ "519528", "38547" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UZ", "bissekty" ], "label": "Bissekty Formation · UZ", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "dzharacursor-bissekty-averianov2025", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dzharacursor", "Gallimimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Gallimimus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aepyornithomimus", "Anserimimus", "Archaeornithomimus", "Qiupalong", "Sinornithomimus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dzharacursor": [ "559663" ], "Gallimimus": [ "559626" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Dzharacursor": [ "dzharacursor-bissekty-averianov2025" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "519528", "38547" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "473892", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "473892" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UZ", "bissekty" ], "label": "Bissekty Formation · UZ", "occurrenceId": "1627438", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dzharaonyx" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Ceratonykus", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dzharaonyx": [ "1627438" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "473892" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "433625", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "433625" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UZ", "bissekty" ], "label": "Bissekty Formation · UZ", "occurrenceId": "1548625", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dzharatitanis" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Gannansaurus", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Jiangxititan", "Liubangosaurus", "Sibirotitan", "Sonidosaurus", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dzharatitanis": [ "1548625" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "433625" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38717", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38717", "157200" ], "candidateIds": [ "38717", "157200" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "63919", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "63919" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "horseshoe canyon" ], "label": "Horseshoe Canyon Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "741099", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Edmontonia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Edmontonia": [ "741099" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "63919" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38761", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38761", "330232" ], "candidateIds": [ "38761", "330232" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64391", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153775", "64391", "117152", "53022" ], "candidateIds": [ "153775", "64391", "117152", "53022" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53952", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53956", "53952", "38858" ], "candidateIds": [ "53956", "53952", "38858" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65415", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54523", "65415", "460113", "54531", "138555", "379317" ], "candidateIds": [ "65415" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "candeleros" ], "label": "Candeleros Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "489952", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ekrixinatosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aucasaurus", "Guemesia", "Ilokelesia", "Skorpiovenator", "Thanos" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ekrixinatosaurus": [ "489952" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "65415" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "233928", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "433884", "180311", "480843", "233928", "57466", "384013", "400667", "66268" ], "candidateIds": [ "233928" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "lago colhué huapi" ], "label": "Lago Colhué Huapi Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "508504", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Elaltitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Antarctosaurus", "Arackar", "Atacamatitan", "Bustingorrytitan", "Epachthosaurus", "Kaijutitan", "Nullotitan", "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Elaltitan": [ "508504" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "233928" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38546", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38546" ], "candidateIds": [ "38546" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "472264", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54533", "472264", "491504", "435367", "53941", "54538", "336874" ], "candidateIds": [ "472264" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "portezuelo" ], "label": "Portezuelo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1626564", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Elemgasem" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Carnotaurus", "Koleken", "Llukalkan", "Pycnonemosaurus", "Quilmesaurus", "Viavenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Elemgasem": [ "1626564" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "472264" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38556", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54542", "38556" ], "candidateIds": [ "54542", "38556" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "90545", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "90545" ], "candidateIds": [ "90545" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "161157", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "161157" ], "candidateIds": [ "161157" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64405", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64405", "38801" ], "candidateIds": [ "64405", "38801" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "499903", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "477670", "499903" ], "candidateIds": [ "477670", "499903" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "510407", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "510407" ], "candidateIds": [ "510407" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68384", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "68384", "38711" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "MN", "dornogov" ], "label": "Dornogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "1429180", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Enigmosaurus", "Segnosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Erliansaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Nanshiungosaurus", "Neimongosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Suzhousaurus", "Therizinosaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Enigmosaurus": [ "1429180" ], "Segnosaurus": [ "1589313" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68384", "38711" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "242129", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "242129" ], "candidateIds": [ "242129" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "123317", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38576", "123317", "505393" ], "candidateIds": [ "38576", "123317", "505393" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "104623", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "104623" ], "candidateIds": [ "104623" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "174878", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "515869", "174878", "430203" ], "candidateIds": [ "515869", "174878", "430203" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66499", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "104637", "38759", "66499", "475291", "243278", "168389", "64526" ], "candidateIds": [ "66499" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "cedar mountain", "ruby ranch" ], "label": "Ruby Ranch Member · Cedar Mountain Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "285083", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Eolambia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cedrorestes", "Claosaurus", "Gonkoken", "Huehuecanauhtlus", "Jeyawati", "Protohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Eolambia": [ "285083" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66499" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "153855", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "153855", "84655" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "zhanghe", "yunnan", "yuanmou" ], "label": "Zhanghe Formation · Yuanmou · Yunnan · CN", "occurrenceId": "826867", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Eomamenchisaurus", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Eomamenchisaurus": [ "826867" ], "Yuanmousaurus": [ "602115" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "153855", "84655" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "482524", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "candidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "525233", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "525233", "38833" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "bayan mandahu" ], "label": "Bayan Mandahu Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "393071", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Eopinacosaurus", "Pinacosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta", "Jinyunpelta", "Minotaurasaurus", "Saichania", "Talarurus", "Tarchia", "Tsagantegia", "Zaraapelta" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Eopinacosaurus": [ "393071" ], "Pinacosaurus": [ "1559522", "1559523", "1559524", "1559525", "1639658" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "525233", "38833" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57453", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519773", "347521", "57453", "515784" ], "candidateIds": [ "519773", "347521", "57453", "515784" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "255864", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "255864", "38565", "68247", "372484", "193133" ], "candidateIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning" ], "label": "Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "1097931", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Eosinopteryx", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Caihong", "Paronychodon", "Pedopenna" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anchiornis": [ "829458", "929493", "1191912" ], "Eosinopteryx": [ "1097931" ], "Serikornis": [ "1407965" ], "Xiaotingia": [ "964027" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "346306", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "424515", "346306", "38762", "264233", "468705" ], "candidateIds": [ "424515", "346306", "38762", "264233", "468705" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "109480", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "candidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68315", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66528", "68315" ], "candidateIds": [ "66528", "68315" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "321465", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38731", "321465", "38733" ], "candidateIds": [ "38731", "321465", "38733" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57466", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "433884", "180311", "480843", "233928", "57466", "384013", "400667", "66268" ], "candidateIds": [ "57466" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo barreal" ], "label": "Bajo Barreal Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "973069", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Epachthosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Antarctosaurus", "Arackar", "Atacamatitan", "Bustingorrytitan", "Elaltitan", "Kaijutitan", "Nullotitan", "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Epachthosaurus": [ "405527", "973062", "973069" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57466" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "256492", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "290022", "345864", "38558", "427201", "256492", "71334" ], "candidateIds": [ "256492" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CA", "horseshoe canyon", "drumheller" ], "label": "Drumheller Member · Horseshoe Canyon Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "1100654", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Epichirostenotes" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anzu", "Apatoraptor", "Caenagnathus", "Citipes", "Hagryphus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Epichirostenotes": [ "1100654" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "256492" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "58926", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "58926", "325973", "176311", "176313" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "gansu" ], "label": "Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-11", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Equijubus", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Jintasaurus", "Xuwulong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Haolong", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Equijubus": [ "460641" ], "Gongpoquansaurus": [ "458365" ], "Jintasaurus": [ "915091" ], "Xuwulong": [ "915093" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Equijubus": [ "asian-sauropod-11" ], "Gongpoquansaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-11" ], "Jintasaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-11" ], "Xuwulong": [ "asian-sauropod-11" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "58926", "325973", "176311", "176313" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38579", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38579" ], "candidateIds": [ "38579" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "72376", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "72376" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "baynshire" ], "label": "Baynshire Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "566221", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Erketu" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Euhelopus", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Erketu": [ "566221" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "72376" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68373", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "68373", "68371" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "iren dabasu" ], "label": "Iren Dabasu Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "811555", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Erliansaurus", "Neimongosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Enigmosaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Nanshiungosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Segnosaurus", "Suzhousaurus", "Therizinosaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Erliansaurus": [ "811555" ], "Neimongosaurus": [ "537626" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68373", "68371" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66666", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "66666", "38711" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baynshire", "omnogov" ], "label": "Baynshire Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "632009", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Erlikosaurus", "Segnosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Enigmosaurus", "Erliansaurus", "Nanshiungosaurus", "Neimongosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Suzhousaurus", "Therizinosaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Erlikosaurus": [ "632009" ], "Segnosaurus": [ "1350015", "1589309", "1589312" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66666", "38711" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "430203", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "515869", "174878", "430203" ], "candidateIds": [ "515869", "174878", "430203" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66509", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66509" ], "candidateIds": [ "66509" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56613", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56613" ], "candidateIds": [ "56613" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68125", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470681", "68125", "466003", "398796", "38729", "119884", "38721" ], "candidateIds": [ "68125" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "US", "new mexico" ], "label": "New Mexico · US", "occurrenceId": "849947", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Eucoelophysis" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Amanasaurus", "Gamatavus", "Kwanasaurus", "Pisanosaurus", "Sacisaurus", "Technosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Eucoelophysis": [ "528638", "849947" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68125" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38701", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "38701" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "shandong", "mengyin" ], "label": "Mengyin · Shandong · CN", "occurrenceId": "590313", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Euhelopus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Euhelopus": [ "474559", "590313" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38701" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38838", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "candidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "81696", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "81696" ], "candidateIds": [ "81696" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "356194", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "356194", "477180", "138439" ], "candidateIds": [ "356194", "477180", "138439" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "284794", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "284794" ], "candidateIds": [ "284794" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38580", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "71332", "38580", "66531", "38593" ], "candidateIds": [ "71332", "38580", "66531", "38593" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65779", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65779" ], "candidateIds": [ "65779" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "517609", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "167126", "517609" ], "candidateIds": [ "167126", "517609" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "67549", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "52769", "67549", "514503", "519530", "270395", "38660" ], "candidateIds": [ "67549" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "KG", "balabansai" ], "label": "Balabansai Formation · KG", "occurrenceId": "520778", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ferganasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Datousaurus", "Huashanosaurus", "Jinchuanloong", "Nebulasaurus", "Shunosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ferganasaurus": [ "520778" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "67549" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "399801", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "399801" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "tango creek" ], "label": "Tango Creek Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "780609", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ferrisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cerasinops", "Gremlin", "Gryphoceratops", "Leptoceratops", "Montanoceratops", "Prenoceratops", "Unescoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ferrisaurus": [ "780609" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "399801" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "494305", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494305", "38739", "38742" ], "candidateIds": [ "494305", "38739", "38742" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "448078", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267728", "519375", "448078", "471621", "67681" ], "candidateIds": [ "267728", "519375", "448078", "471621", "67681" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "518611", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "518611" ], "candidateIds": [ "518611" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "311426", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "311426" ], "candidateIds": [ "311426" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "398669", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "398669", "434090", "57101", "38750", "66575", "396013" ], "candidateIds": [ "398669", "396013" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AU", "griman creek" ], "label": "Griman Creek Formation · AU", "occurrenceId": "1479592", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Fostoria", "Weewarrasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus", "Diluvicursor", "Galleonosaurus", "Leaellynasaura", "Muttaburrasaurus", "Qantassaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Fostoria": [ "1467235", "1479592" ], "Weewarrasaurus": [ "1467229", "1467230" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "398669", "396013" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "157200", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38717", "157200" ], "candidateIds": [ "38717", "157200" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66356", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66356", "387579", "387581" ], "candidateIds": [ "66356", "387579", "387581" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68188", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "68188", "314250" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "geological_group", "key": [ "JP", "tetori" ], "label": "Tetori Group · JP", "occurrenceId": "395217", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Fukuisaurus", "Koshisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Fukuisaurus": [ "395217" ], "Koshisaurus": [ "1254437" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68188", "314250" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "202263", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202263", "153809", "377178" ], "candidateIds": [ "202263", "153809", "377178" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372482", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "372482", "269470", "526106", "392825" ], "candidateIds": [ "372482", "269470", "526106", "392825" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "475401", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55538", "378710", "475401", "273963", "378712" ], "candidateIds": [ "55538", "378710", "475401", "273963", "378712" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "398065", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "398065" ], "candidateIds": [ "398065" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "153809", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202263", "153809", "377178" ], "candidateIds": [ "202263", "153809", "377178" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "109004", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "346948", "184915", "109004", "55583", "287942", "174549" ], "candidateIds": [ "109004" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "portezuelo" ], "label": "Portezuelo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "489976", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Futalognkosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroposeidon", "Drusilasaura", "Mendozasaurus", "Quetecsaurus", "Traukutitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Futalognkosaurus": [ "489976" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "109004" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "438296", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519173", "438296", "372409", "439823" ], "candidateIds": [ "519173", "438296", "372409", "439823" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "319102", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "candidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "434090", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "398669", "434090", "57101", "38750", "66575", "396013" ], "candidateIds": [ "57103", "434090", "66575" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AU", "wonthaggi" ], "label": "\"Wonthaggi\" Formation · AU", "occurrenceId": "1550660", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus", "Galleonosaurus", "Qantassaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Diluvicursor", "Fostoria", "Leaellynasaura", "Muttaburrasaurus", "Weewarrasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Atlascopcosaurus": [ "1550657" ], "Galleonosaurus": [ "1550656", "1550660" ], "Qantassaurus": [ "513430", "1550658" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57103", "434090", "66575" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38547", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370065", "66671", "38540", "519528", "38547", "176037", "68341" ], "candidateIds": [ "38547" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "513487", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gallimimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aepyornithomimus", "Anserimimus", "Archaeornithomimus", "Dzharacursor", "Qiupalong", "Sinornithomimus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gallimimus": [ "513487" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38547" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "81693", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38677", "81693", "65343", "352537" ], "candidateIds": [ "38677", "81693", "65343", "352537" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "466003", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470681", "68125", "466003", "398796", "38729", "119884", "38721" ], "candidateIds": [ "470681", "466003" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "santa maria" ], "label": "Santa Maria Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1615939", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gamatavus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Amanasaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Eucoelophysis", "Kwanasaurus", "Pisanosaurus", "Sacisaurus", "Technosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gamatavus": [ "1615939" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "470681", "466003" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "482171", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "407882", "153876", "84659", "202260", "482171", "440882", "38708" ], "candidateIds": [ "482171" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "zhoutian" ], "label": "Zhoutian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1644610", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gandititan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abdarainurus", "Baotianmansaurus", "Borealosaurus", "Dongyangosaurus", "Hamititan", "Mongolosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gandititan": [ "1644610" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "482171" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "273049", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "273049", "477081" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "jiangxi" ], "label": "Jiangxi · CN", "occurrenceId": "1151788", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gannansaurus", "Jiangxititan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Dzharatitanis", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Liubangosaurus", "Sibirotitan", "Sonidosaurus", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gannansaurus": [ "1151788" ], "Jiangxititan": [ "1635258" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "273049", "477081" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "265586", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172314", "67258", "265586", "68047", "276172", "57025", "174100", "95490", "430728", "87637" ], "candidateIds": [ "172314", "265586", "276172" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "nanxiong" ], "label": "Nanxiong Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1126121", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ganzhousaurus", "Jiangxisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Banji" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Conchoraptor", "Heyuannia", "Khaan", "Machairasaurus", "Nemegtomaia", "Oksoko", "Shixinggia" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ganzhousaurus": [ "1126121" ], "Jiangxisaurus": [ "1163955" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Ganzhousaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-20", "asian-sauropod-21", "complete-1126121" ], "Jiangxisaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-20", "complete-1163955", "complete-jiangxisaurus" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "172314", "265586", "276172" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "63703", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "63703" ], "candidateIds": [ "63703" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "430752", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65139", "169824", "430752", "65826" ], "candidateIds": [ "65139", "169824", "430752", "65826" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38548", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38551", "38548", "66669", "476925" ], "candidateIds": [ "38551", "38548", "66669", "476925" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "477180", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "356194", "477180", "138439" ], "candidateIds": [ "356194", "477180", "138439" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "52766", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65680", "52766", "66392", "425462" ], "candidateIds": [ "65680", "52766", "66392", "425462" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65253", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67278", "493365", "65253", "400665", "122466", "427244", "86836", "424526", "67276", "494766" ], "candidateIds": [ "65253" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "anacleto" ], "label": "Anacleto Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "770354", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gasparinisaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anabisetia", "Chakisaurus", "Isasicursor", "Macrogryphosaurus", "Mahuidacursor", "Notohypsilophodon", "Sektensaurus", "Talenkauen", "Tietasaura" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gasparinisaura": [ "517459", "623341", "770354" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "65253" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "63700", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "63700", "38828" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "cedar mountain", "yellow cat" ], "label": "Yellow Cat Member · Cedar Mountain Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "284618", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gastonia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Silvisaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gastonia": [ "284148", "284618" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Gastonia": [ "nodosauridae-6" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "63700", "38828" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56391", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "285748", "56391" ], "candidateIds": [ "285748", "56391" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38611", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38611" ], "candidateIds": [ "38611" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "242781", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "242781", "38736", "479383" ], "candidateIds": [ "242781", "38736", "479383" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54540", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38597", "38576", "54540", "440804", "77205", "345410", "58907" ], "candidateIds": [ "54540" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "candeleros" ], "label": "Candeleros Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "513397", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Giganotosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acrocanthosaurus", "Carcharodontosaurus", "Lajasvenator", "Mapusaurus", "Taurovenator", "Unquillosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Giganotosaurus": [ "297301", "513396", "513397" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54540" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "103707", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "372266", "372793", "103707" ], "candidateIds": [ "372266", "372793", "103707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "89460", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "candidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38772", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "38770", "38772" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "iren dabasu", "nei mongol" ], "label": "Iren Dabasu Formation · Nei Mongol · CN", "occurrenceId": "880208", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bactrosaurus": [ "299144", "404942", "487440", "489854" ], "Gilmoreosaurus": [ "487485", "880208" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38770", "38772" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "67847", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38677", "67847" ], "candidateIds": [ "38677", "67847" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "117149", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "117149" ], "candidateIds": [ "117149" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "82623", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "82623" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "kirtland", "new mexico" ], "label": "Kirtland Formation · New Mexico · US", "occurrenceId": "1572135", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Glyptodontopelta" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Glyptodontopelta": [ "1410210", "1572117", "1572133", "1572135" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "82623" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "399807", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "candidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "385121", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "38770", "385121" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "baynshire" ], "label": "Baynshire Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1439002", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Gobihadros" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bactrosaurus": [ "1058686", "1271480" ], "Gobihadros": [ "1093937", "1093941", "1269314", "1269339", "1273568", "1439002" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38770", "385121" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "381603", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "candidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "84234", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57228", "302920", "484516", "84234", "500588", "68244", "52794" ], "candidateIds": [ "84234" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "haoling" ], "label": "Haoling Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "741048", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gobisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bissektipelta", "Chuanqilong", "Datai", "Huaxiazhoulong", "Liaoningosaurus", "Shamosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gobisaurus": [ "741048" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "84234" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "84665", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "154995", "84665", "288219" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "zhonggou", "gansu" ], "label": "Zhonggou Formation · Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": "602121", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gobititan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Daxiatitan", "Yongjinglong" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gobititan": [ "602121" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "154995", "84665", "288219" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "287652", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "287652" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "MN", "ömnögovi aimag" ], "label": "Ömnögovi Aimag · MN", "occurrenceId": "1191167", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gobivenator" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides", "Daliansaurus", "Harenadraco", "Papiliovenator", "Pectinodon", "Sinusonasus", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gobivenator": [ "1191167" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "287652" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65489", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65489" ], "candidateIds": [ "65489" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66573", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610", "66573", "523952", "172032" ], "candidateIds": [ "66573" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "adamantina" ], "label": "Adamantina Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "513418", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gondwanatitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aeolosaurus", "Baurutitan", "Caieiria", "Mesetasaurus", "Panamericansaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gondwanatitan": [ "513418" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66573" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "325973", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "58926", "325973", "176311", "176313" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "gansu" ], "label": "Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-11", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Equijubus", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Jintasaurus", "Xuwulong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Haolong", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Equijubus": [ "460641" ], "Gongpoquansaurus": [ "458365" ], "Jintasaurus": [ "915091" ], "Xuwulong": [ "915093" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Equijubus": [ "asian-sauropod-11" ], "Gongpoquansaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-11" ], "Jintasaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-11" ], "Xuwulong": [ "asian-sauropod-11" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "58926", "325973", "176311", "176313" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519523", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "candidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66643", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66643", "423007", "64137", "502297", "477695", "371887", "385703", "56630" ], "candidateIds": [ "66643" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "ziliujing", "dongyuemiao" ], "label": "Dongyuemiao Member · Ziliujing Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "513498", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gongxianosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Irisosaurus", "Jingshanosaurus", "Lishulong", "Qianlong", "Xingxiulong", "Yizhousaurus", "Yunnanosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gongxianosaurus": [ "513498" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66643" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "475291", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "104637", "38759", "66499", "475291", "243278", "168389", "64526" ], "candidateIds": [ "475291" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CL", "dorotea" ], "label": "Dorotea Formation · CL", "occurrenceId": "1630635", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gonkoken" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cedrorestes", "Claosaurus", "Eolambia", "Huehuecanauhtlus", "Jeyawati", "Protohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gonkoken": [ "1630635" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "475291" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53193", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38607", "53193" ], "candidateIds": [ "38607", "53193" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38794", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38794", "38797", "516669" ], "candidateIds": [ "38794", "38797", "516669" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "67673", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55575", "66588", "94031", "426795", "67673", "55581", "328822", "498078", "85967" ], "candidateIds": [ "67673" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "baynshire" ], "label": "Baynshire Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "150851", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Graciliceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Archaeoceratops", "Asiaceratops", "Auroraceratops", "Beg", "Liaoceratops", "Mosaiceratops", "Sasayamagnomus", "Yamaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Graciliceratops": [ "150851" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "67673" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "146456", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "299732", "146456", "523876", "68238", "96499", "68204", "391290" ], "candidateIds": [ "299732", "146456" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "yixian", "lujiatun" ], "label": "Lujiatun Member · Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "811553", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Graciliraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Changyuraptor" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Jian", "Microraptor", "Shanag", "Sinornithosaurus", "Zhongjianosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Graciliraptor": [ "811553" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "299732", "146456" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "496386", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "496386", "96088" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "oldman" ], "label": "Oldman Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "1706131", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gremlin", "Prenoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cerasinops", "Ferrisaurus", "Gryphoceratops", "Leptoceratops", "Montanoceratops", "Unescoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gremlin": [ "1706131" ], "Prenoceratops": [ "881480" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "496386", "96088" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "228691", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "228691" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "milk river" ], "label": "Milk River Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "1024996", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gryphoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cerasinops", "Ferrisaurus", "Gremlin", "Leptoceratops", "Montanoceratops", "Prenoceratops", "Unescoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gryphoceratops": [ "1024996" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "228691" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53014", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "502379", "53014", "53195", "66594" ], "candidateIds": [ "502379", "53014", "53195", "66594" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66570", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66570" ], "candidateIds": [ "66570" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372448", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65079", "38605", "372448", "399346", "53212", "395956", "362111" ], "candidateIds": [ "372448" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "huincul" ], "label": "Huincul Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1407897", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gualicho" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Appalachiosaurus", "Dryptosaurus", "Moros", "Nanotyrannus", "Suskityrannus", "Teihivenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gualicho": [ "1407897" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "372448" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "71190", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "71190", "185192" ], "candidateIds": [ "71190", "185192" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "460113", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54523", "65415", "460113", "54531", "138555", "379317" ], "candidateIds": [ "460113" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "los blanquitos" ], "label": "Los Blanquitos Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1601923", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Guemesia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aucasaurus", "Ekrixinatosaurus", "Ilokelesia", "Skorpiovenator", "Thanos" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Guemesia": [ "1601923" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "460113" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56666", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56666" ], "candidateIds": [ "56666" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38762", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "424515", "346306", "38762", "264233", "468705", "436555" ], "candidateIds": [ "38762" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "woodbury" ], "label": "Woodbury Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "486505", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Hadrosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aquilarhinus", "Eotrachodon", "Lapampasaurus", "Malefica", "Yamatosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Hadrosaurus": [ "486505" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38762" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "321574", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "321574" ], "candidateIds": [ "321574" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "71334", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "290022", "345864", "38558", "427201", "256492", "71334" ], "candidateIds": [ "71334" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "kaiparowits" ], "label": "Kaiparowits Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "560990", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Hagryphus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anzu", "Apatoraptor", "Caenagnathus", "Citipes", "Epichirostenotes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Hagryphus": [ "560990" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "71334" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "364103", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "364103", "38563", "133918", "468707" ], "candidateIds": [ "364103", "38563", "133918", "468707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "440882", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "407882", "153876", "84659", "202260", "482171", "440882", "38708" ], "candidateIds": [ "440882" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "shengjinkou" ], "label": "Shengjinkou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1569368", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Hamititan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abdarainurus", "Baotianmansaurus", "Borealosaurus", "Dongyangosaurus", "Gandititan", "Mongolosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Hamititan": [ "1569368" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "440882" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519175", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "519175" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning", "jianchang" ], "label": "Jianchang · Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "2063016", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Haolong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Haolong": [ "2063016" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "519175" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38658", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53180", "38658" ], "candidateIds": [ "53180", "38658" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "162352", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "162352" ], "candidateIds": [ "162352" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "494700", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "494700" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1660097", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Harenadraco" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides", "Daliansaurus", "Gobivenator", "Papiliovenator", "Pectinodon", "Sinusonasus", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Harenadraco": [ "1660097" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "494700" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66669", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38551", "38548", "66669", "476925" ], "candidateIds": [ "38551", "38548", "66669", "476925" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "186989", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "186989", "172023", "267714" ], "candidateIds": [ "186989", "172023", "267714" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "153895", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "candidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38511", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "candidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "143266", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "143266" ], "candidateIds": [ "143266" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "492472", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65335", "492472", "477067", "163544" ], "candidateIds": [ "65335", "492472", "477067", "163544" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "391793", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391793" ], "candidateIds": [ "391793" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68158", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68158", "38814" ], "candidateIds": [ "68158", "38814" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38725", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38723", "38725", "38727", "185174", "248276" ], "candidateIds": [ "38723", "38725", "38727", "185174", "248276" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "245415", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "146117", "245415", "156165", "68333" ], "candidateIds": [ "146117", "245415", "156165", "68333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "71336", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "474946", "519526", "424322", "53226", "52891" ], "candidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "53226", "52891" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "shaximiao" ], "label": "Shaximiao Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "402859", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Agilisaurus", "Hexinlusaurus", "Xiaosaurus", "Yandusaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Minimocursor", "Pulaosaurus", "Sanxiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Agilisaurus": [ "402860" ], "Hexinlusaurus": [ "402859" ], "Xiaosaurus": [ "402865" ], "Yandusaurus": [ "545083", "1404246" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57222", "71336", "53226", "52891" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68047", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172314", "67258", "265586", "68047", "276172", "57025", "174100", "95490", "430728", "87637" ], "candidateIds": [ "68047" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "guangdong", "dongyuan" ], "label": "Dongyuan · Guangdong · CN", "occurrenceId": "533360", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Heyuannia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Banji", "Conchoraptor", "Ganzhousaurus", "Jiangxisaurus", "Khaan", "Machairasaurus", "Nemegtomaia", "Oksoko", "Shixinggia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Heyuannia": [ "533360" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68047" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "178208", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163549", "178208", "178206", "104629" ], "candidateIds": [ "163549", "178208", "178206", "104629" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68179", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68179", "111394" ], "candidateIds": [ "68179", "111394" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38795", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38795", "38790" ], "candidateIds": [ "38795", "38790" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38252", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "38252" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "lakota", "south dakota" ], "label": "Lakota Formation · South Dakota · US", "occurrenceId": "477945", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Hoplitosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Hoplitosaurus": [ "477945" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38252" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "71976", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "71976" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "shanxi" ], "label": "Shanxi · CN", "occurrenceId": "460633", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Huabeisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Gobititan", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Huabeisaurus": [ "460633" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "71976" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519760", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "candidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "333388", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55579", "333388", "153948", "90117" ], "candidateIds": [ "55579", "333388", "153948", "90117" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "461658", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "516650", "66592", "358686", "461658", "461656", "305972", "38781" ], "candidateIds": [ "461658" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "los alamitos" ], "label": "Los Alamitos Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "457542", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Huallasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ahshislesaurus", "Anasazisaurus", "Bonapartesaurus", "Kelumapusaura", "Rhinorex", "Secernosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Huallasaurus": [ "457538", "457542" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "461658" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "324065", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57023", "376005", "324065", "68396", "347523", "268663" ], "candidateIds": [ "376005", "324065", "347523" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "hekou" ], "label": "Hekou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1285645", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Corythoraptor", "Huanansaurus", "Tongtianlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Citipati", "Rinchenia", "Wulatelong" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Corythoraptor": [ "1417145" ], "Huanansaurus": [ "1285645" ], "Tongtianlong": [ "1347766" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "376005", "324065", "347523" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "133726", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "133726" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "gansu" ], "label": "Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": "785829", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Huanghetitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Dzharatitanis", "Gannansaurus", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Jiangxititan", "Liubangosaurus", "Sibirotitan", "Sonidosaurus", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Huanghetitan": [ "785829" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "133726" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "309607", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "376757", "309607" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "hongqin", "anhui", "huangshan" ], "label": "Hongqin Formation · Huangshan · Anhui · CN", "occurrenceId": "1244127", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Huangshanlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Anhuilong" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Huangshanlong": [ "1244127" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "376757", "309607" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "514503", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "52769", "67549", "514503", "519530", "270395", "38660" ], "candidateIds": [ "514503" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "wangmen" ], "label": "Wangmen Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1709039", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Huashanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Datousaurus", "Ferganasaurus", "Jinchuanloong", "Nebulasaurus", "Shunosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Huashanosaurus": [ "1709039" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "514503" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68220", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "candidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "500588", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57228", "302920", "484516", "84234", "500588", "68244", "52794" ], "candidateIds": [ "500588" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "tangbian" ], "label": "Tangbian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1671594", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Huaxiazhoulong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bissektipelta", "Chuanqilong", "Datai", "Gobisaurus", "Liaoningosaurus", "Shamosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Huaxiazhoulong": [ "1671594" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "500588" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38810", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "candidateIds": [ "494686", "455658", "89460", "38810" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "515784", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519773", "57453", "515784" ], "candidateIds": [ "519773", "57453", "515784" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "58889", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "58889", "446268" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "kalazha", "xinjiang", "shanshan" ], "label": "Kalazha Formation · Shanshan · Xinjiang · CN", "occurrenceId": "458375", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Hudiesaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Hudiesaurus": [ "458375" ], "Rhomaleopakhus": [ "1584287" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "58889", "446268" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243278", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "104637", "38759", "66499", "475291", "243278", "168389", "64526" ], "candidateIds": [ "243278" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MX", "cutzamala" ], "label": "Cutzamala Formation · MX", "occurrenceId": "1066218", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Huehuecanauhtlus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cedrorestes", "Claosaurus", "Eolambia", "Gonkoken", "Jeyawati", "Protohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Huehuecanauhtlus": [ "544987", "1066218" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "243278" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "416254", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "167086", "416254", "54536" ], "candidateIds": [ "167086", "416254", "54536" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38563", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "364103", "38563", "133918", "468707" ], "candidateIds": [ "364103", "38563", "133918", "468707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66855", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "candidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38822", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "candidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56405", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "candidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "497493", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "candidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "167441", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "167441" ], "candidateIds": [ "167441" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38736", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "374225", "242781", "38736", "479383" ], "candidateIds": [ "374225", "242781", "38736", "479383" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "473883", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "382686", "473883", "38741" ], "candidateIds": [ "382686", "473883", "38741" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "453331", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "453331" ], "candidateIds": [ "453331" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "461989", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "candidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243269", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "243269" ], "candidateIds": [ "243269" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "474890", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "474890" ], "candidateIds": [ "474890" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "172910", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172910", "38642", "391215" ], "candidateIds": [ "172910", "38642", "391215" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "178206", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163549", "178208", "178206", "104629" ], "candidateIds": [ "163549", "178208", "178206", "104629" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38749", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "378706", "38748", "38749" ], "candidateIds": [ "378706", "38748", "38749" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54531", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54523", "65415", "460113", "54531", "138555", "379317" ], "candidateIds": [ "54531", "138555" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "huincul" ], "label": "Huincul Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "297299", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ilokelesia", "Skorpiovenator" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aucasaurus", "Ekrixinatosaurus", "Guemesia", "Thanos" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ilokelesia": [ "297299" ], "Skorpiovenator": [ "790098", "1685893" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54531", "138555" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "391297", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391297" ], "candidateIds": [ "391297" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "478763", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66645", "58912", "304823", "478763", "442426", "358623" ], "candidateIds": [ "478763" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa", "neuquén" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · Neuquén · AR", "occurrenceId": "1639064", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Inawentu" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Argentinosaurus", "Bonitasaura", "Dreadnoughtus", "Menucocelsior", "Patagotitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Inawentu": [ "1639064" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "478763" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64890", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38615", "66065", "64890", "261035", "66067", "502773" ], "candidateIds": [ "64890", "261035" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "yixian", "lujiatun" ], "label": "Lujiatun Member · Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "536659", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Incisivosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Ningyuansaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Avimimus", "Caudipteryx", "Protarchaeopteryx", "Yuanyanglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Incisivosaurus": [ "536659" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "64890", "261035" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38591", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38591", "54432" ], "candidateIds": [ "38591", "54432" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38612", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38612", "57450" ], "candidateIds": [ "38612", "57450" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "378702", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "378702", "68587" ], "candidateIds": [ "378702", "68587" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "375361", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "375361" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "menefee", "new mexico" ], "label": "Menefee Formation · New Mexico · US", "occurrenceId": "1416047", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Invictarx" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Invictarx": [ "1416047" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "375361" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "423007", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66643", "423007", "64137", "502297", "477695", "371887", "385703", "56630" ], "candidateIds": [ "423007" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "fengjiahe", "yunnan", "yuxi" ], "label": "Fengjiahe Formation · Yuxi · Yunnan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1514312", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Irisosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gongxianosaurus", "Jingshanosaurus", "Lishulong", "Qianlong", "Xingxiulong", "Yizhousaurus", "Yunnanosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Irisosaurus": [ "1514312" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "423007" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64272", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64275", "64272", "180307" ], "candidateIds": [ "64275", "64272", "180307" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "351536", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "351536" ], "candidateIds": [ "351536" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65147", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "candidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "400665", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67278", "493365", "65253", "400665", "122466", "427244", "86836", "424526", "67276", "494766" ], "candidateIds": [ "400665" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "AR", "chorrillo", "santa cruz", "lago argentino" ], "label": "Chorrillo Formation · Lago Argentino · Santa Cruz · AR", "occurrenceId": "1487123", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Isasicursor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anabisetia", "Chakisaurus", "Gasparinisaura", "Macrogryphosaurus", "Mahuidacursor", "Notohypsilophodon", "Sektensaurus", "Talenkauen", "Tietasaura" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Isasicursor": [ "1487123" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "400665" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "342025", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "candidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64313", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64313" ], "candidateIds": [ "64313" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "443778", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443778", "38644" ], "candidateIds": [ "443778", "38644" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "516717", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "473968", "251719", "516717", "434122", "519177", "374117" ], "candidateIds": [ "516717" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UK", "wessex" ], "label": "Wessex Formation · UK", "occurrenceId": "2043329", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Istiorachis" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Calvarius", "Delapparentia", "Magnamanus", "Paulodon", "Riabininohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Istiorachis": [ "2043329" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "516717" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "390654", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "390654" ], "candidateIds": [ "390654" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38626", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38566", "38626" ], "candidateIds": [ "38566", "38626" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "461744", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "461744" ], "candidateIds": [ "461744" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "479065", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot", "omnogov" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "1639584", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ceratonykus", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 5, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ceratonykus": [ "809197" ], "Jaculinykus": [ "1639584" ], "Khulsanurus": [ "1604958" ], "Ondogurvel": [ "1593675" ], "Parvicursor": [ "283992" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "81766", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "81766" ], "candidateIds": [ "38685", "81766" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "472260", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "472260" ], "candidateIds": [ "472260" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243276", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "243276" ], "candidateIds": [ "243276" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66641", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66641", "57435", "65915" ], "candidateIds": [ "66641", "57435", "65915" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38773", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64250", "38769", "38773", "271587", "38775", "72094", "38778" ], "candidateIds": [ "38773" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "ulungar" ], "label": "Ulungar Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "880108", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jaxartosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Amurosaurus", "Aralosaurus", "Kazaklambia", "Nipponosaurus", "Olorotitan", "Tsintaosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jaxartosaurus": [ "880108" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38773" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68236", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68236" ], "candidateIds": [ "68236" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "168389", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "104637", "38759", "66499", "475291", "243278", "168389", "64526" ], "candidateIds": [ "168389" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "moreno hill" ], "label": "Moreno Hill Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "516844", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jeyawati" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cedrorestes", "Claosaurus", "Eolambia", "Gonkoken", "Huehuecanauhtlus", "Protohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jeyawati": [ "516844" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "168389" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "523876", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "299732", "146456", "523876", "68238", "96499", "68204", "391290" ], "candidateIds": [ "523876" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "xiagou" ], "label": "Xiagou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "2070809", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jian" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Changyuraptor", "Graciliraptor", "Microraptor", "Shanag", "Sinornithosaurus", "Zhongjianosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jian": [ "2070809" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "523876" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "269470", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "372482", "269470", "526106", "392825" ], "candidateIds": [ "372482", "269470", "526106", "392825" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "153944", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153944", "38814" ], "candidateIds": [ "153944", "38814" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66074", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "66074" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "zhejiang" ], "label": "Zhejiang · CN", "occurrenceId": "504248", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jiangshanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Dzharatitanis", "Gannansaurus", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangxititan", "Liubangosaurus", "Sibirotitan", "Sonidosaurus", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jiangshanosaurus": [ "504248" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66074" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "276172", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172314", "67258", "265586", "68047", "276172", "57025", "174100", "95490", "430728", "87637" ], "candidateIds": [ "172314", "265586", "276172" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "nanxiong" ], "label": "Nanxiong Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1163955", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ganzhousaurus", "Jiangxisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Banji" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Conchoraptor", "Heyuannia", "Khaan", "Machairasaurus", "Nemegtomaia", "Oksoko", "Shixinggia" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ganzhousaurus": [ "1126121" ], "Jiangxisaurus": [ "1163955" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Ganzhousaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-20", "asian-sauropod-21", "complete-1126121" ], "Jiangxisaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-20", "complete-1163955", "complete-jiangxisaurus" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "172314", "265586", "276172" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "477081", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "273049", "477081" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "jiangxi" ], "label": "Jiangxi · CN", "occurrenceId": "1635258", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gannansaurus", "Jiangxititan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Dzharatitanis", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Liubangosaurus", "Sibirotitan", "Sonidosaurus", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gannansaurus": [ "1151788" ], "Jiangxititan": [ "1635258" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "273049", "477081" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "379315", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "379315", "68249", "64888" ], "candidateIds": [ "379315", "68249", "64888" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "424531", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38610", "58835", "424531", "509676", "154174", "348490", "146099" ], "candidateIds": [ "424531" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "shanxi" ], "label": "Shanxi · CN", "occurrenceId": "1521049", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jinbeisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Alectrosaurus", "Dilong", "Khankhuuluu", "Raptorex", "Timurlengia", "Xiongguanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jinbeisaurus": [ "1521049" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "424531" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519530", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "52769", "67549", "514503", "519530", "270395", "38660" ], "candidateIds": [ "519530" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "xinhe" ], "label": "Xinhe Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "2063458", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jinchuanloong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Datousaurus", "Ferganasaurus", "Huashanosaurus", "Nebulasaurus", "Shunosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jinchuanloong": [ "2063458" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "519530" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "156161", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "156161", "391222", "243344" ], "candidateIds": [ "156161", "391222", "243344" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "484710", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "484710" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "dongxing", "guangxi zhuang" ], "label": "Dongxing Formation · Guangxi Zhuang · CN", "occurrenceId": "1647117", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jingiella" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jingiella": [ "1647117" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "484710" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64137", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66643", "423007", "64137", "502297", "477695", "371887", "385703", "56630" ], "candidateIds": [ "64137", "502297", "371887", "56630" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "lufeng", "shawan" ], "label": "Shawan Member · Lufeng Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "902174", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jingshanosaurus", "Lishulong", "Xingxiulong", "Yunnanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gongxianosaurus", "Irisosaurus", "Qianlong", "Yizhousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jingshanosaurus": [ "472008", "902174" ], "Lishulong": [ "1682381" ], "Xingxiulong": [ "1406778" ], "Yunnanosaurus": [ "1092070", "1092254", "1299067" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "64137", "502297", "371887", "56630" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "176311", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "176311", "176313" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "xiagou", "gansu" ], "label": "Xiagou Formation · Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": "915091", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jintasaurus", "Xuwulong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jintasaurus": [ "915091" ], "Xuwulong": [ "915093" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "176311", "176313" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372003", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "372003" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "zhejiang" ], "label": "Zhejiang · CN", "occurrenceId": "1407043", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jinyunpelta" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta", "Eopinacosaurus", "Minotaurasaurus", "Pinacosaurus", "Saichania", "Talarurus", "Tarchia", "Tsagantegia", "Zaraapelta" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jinyunpelta": [ "1407043" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "372003" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "514971", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148965", "514971", "455622", "65424", "345444", "122475", "376161" ], "candidateIds": [ "514971" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "lago colhué huapi" ], "label": "Lago Colhué Huapi Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "2037715", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Joaquinraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aerosteon", "Maip", "Megaraptor", "Murusraptor", "Orkoraptor", "Tratayenia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Joaquinraptor": [ "2037715" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "514971" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57435", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66641", "57435", "65915" ], "candidateIds": [ "66641", "57435", "65915" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "266207", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "266207", "340978" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "US", "judith river", "montana", "hill" ], "label": "Judith River Formation · Hill · Montana · US", "occurrenceId": "2072248", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Judiceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Spiclypeus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Pentaceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Judiceratops": [ "2072248" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "266207", "340978" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "264065", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "264065" ], "candidateIds": [ "264065" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "72320", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38538", "72320", "65333" ], "candidateIds": [ "38538", "72320", "65333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "253018", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253018" ], "candidateIds": [ "253018" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66392", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65680", "52766", "66392", "425462" ], "candidateIds": [ "65680", "52766", "66392", "425462" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "384013", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "433884", "180311", "480843", "233928", "57466", "384013", "400667", "66268" ], "candidateIds": [ "384013" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "sierra barrosa" ], "label": "Sierra Barrosa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1435923", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Kaijutitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Antarctosaurus", "Arackar", "Atacamatitan", "Bustingorrytitan", "Elaltitan", "Epachthosaurus", "Nullotitan", "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Kaijutitan": [ "1435923" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "384013" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "401261", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "candidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38732", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38732" ], "candidateIds": [ "38732" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "520479", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "520479" ], "candidateIds": [ "520479" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "444043", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "444043", "185190", "431993", "90549", "38564" ], "candidateIds": [ "444043", "185190", "431993", "90549", "38564" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66006", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38681", "66006", "381533" ], "candidateIds": [ "38681", "66006", "381533" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "282473", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66565", "89458", "515930", "496269", "507183", "251279", "282473", "378458", "57368", "481295", "89456" ], "candidateIds": [ "282473" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo barreal" ], "label": "Bajo Barreal Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1181607", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Katepensaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agustinia", "Amazonsaurus", "Astigmasaura", "Campananeyen", "Cienciargentina", "Comahuesaurus", "Lavocatisaurus", "Rayososaurus", "Sidersaura", "Zapalasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Katepensaurus": [ "1181607" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "282473" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243332", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "243332", "372152" ], "candidateIds": [ "243332", "372152" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "526106", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "372482", "269470", "526106", "392825" ], "candidateIds": [ "372482", "269470", "526106", "392825" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "271587", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64250", "38769", "38773", "271587", "38775", "72094", "38778" ], "candidateIds": [ "271587" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "KZ", "ongtustik qazaqstan" ], "label": "Ongtustik Qazaqstan · KZ", "occurrenceId": "520732", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Kazaklambia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Amurosaurus", "Aralosaurus", "Jaxartosaurus", "Nipponosaurus", "Olorotitan", "Tsintaosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Kazaklambia": [ "520732" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "271587" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38581", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38581", "161116" ], "candidateIds": [ "38581", "161116" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "461656", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "516650", "66592", "358686", "461658", "461656", "305972", "38781" ], "candidateIds": [ "461656" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "AR", "allen", "upper" ], "label": "Upper Member · Allen Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1634410", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Kelumapusaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ahshislesaurus", "Anasazisaurus", "Bonapartesaurus", "Huallasaurus", "Rhinorex", "Secernosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Kelumapusaura": [ "1634410" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "461656" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38811", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "422686", "38811", "488755" ], "candidateIds": [ "422686", "38811", "488755" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64256", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64256", "38776" ], "candidateIds": [ "64256", "38776" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57025", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172314", "67258", "265586", "68047", "276172", "57025", "174100", "95490", "430728", "87637" ], "candidateIds": [ "57025" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "djadokhta" ], "label": "Djadokhta Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "389143", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Khaan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Banji", "Conchoraptor", "Ganzhousaurus", "Heyuannia", "Jiangxisaurus", "Machairasaurus", "Nemegtomaia", "Oksoko", "Shixinggia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Khaan": [ "389121", "389143" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57025" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "509676", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38610", "58835", "424531", "509676", "154174", "348490", "146099" ], "candidateIds": [ "509676" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "baynshire" ], "label": "Baynshire Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1209949", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Khankhuuluu" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Alectrosaurus", "Dilong", "Jinbeisaurus", "Raptorex", "Timurlengia", "Xiongguanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Khankhuuluu": [ "1165902", "1209949" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "509676" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "423011", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "423011", "491695", "56593" ], "candidateIds": [ "423011", "491695", "56593" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "461663", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot", "omnogov" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "1604958", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ceratonykus", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 5, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ceratonykus": [ "809197" ], "Jaculinykus": [ "1639584" ], "Khulsanurus": [ "1604958" ], "Ondogurvel": [ "1593675" ], "Parvicursor": [ "283992" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "185192", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "71190", "185192" ], "candidateIds": [ "71190", "185192" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "156165", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "146117", "245415", "156165", "68333" ], "candidateIds": [ "146117", "245415", "156165", "68333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "491461", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "491461", "38623" ], "candidateIds": [ "491461", "38623" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66626", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "54863", "66626", "38670", "38702" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "shishugou", "lower" ], "label": "Lower Member · Shishugou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1107999", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Klamelisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Bellusaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Klamelisaurus": [ "1107999" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54863", "66626", "38670", "38702" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "491504", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54533", "472264", "491504", "435367", "53941", "54538", "336874" ], "candidateIds": [ "54533", "491504" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "la colonia" ], "label": "La Colonia Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1587111", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Carnotaurus", "Koleken" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Elemgasem", "Llukalkan", "Pycnonemosaurus", "Quilmesaurus", "Viavenator" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Carnotaurus": [ "263808" ], "Koleken": [ "1587111" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54533", "491504" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "176309", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "candidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "172023", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "186989", "172023", "267714" ], "candidateIds": [ "186989", "172023", "267714" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "314250", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "68188", "314250" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "geological_group", "key": [ "JP", "tetori" ], "label": "Tetori Group · JP", "occurrenceId": "1254437", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Fukuisaurus", "Koshisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Fukuisaurus": [ "395217" ], "Koshisaurus": [ "1254437" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68188", "314250" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243366", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "243366", "243363" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "kaiparowits", "middle" ], "label": "Middle Member · Kaiparowits Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1066330", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Kosmoceratops", "Utahceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Pentaceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Kosmoceratops": [ "1066330" ], "Utahceratops": [ "882006", "882013", "882016" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "243366", "243363" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66497", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "candidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53195", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "502379", "53014", "53195", "66594" ], "candidateIds": [ "502379", "53014", "53195", "66594" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519378", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519378", "64068", "161197" ], "candidateIds": [ "519378", "64068", "161197" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "123315", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "123315", "71394" ], "candidateIds": [ "123315", "71394" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "300572", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "300572" ], "candidateIds": [ "300572" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "374227", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "374227" ], "candidateIds": [ "374227" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "371997", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "371997" ], "candidateIds": [ "371997" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "444049", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470203", "444049", "142706", "58873", "152529", "438217", "372130" ], "candidateIds": [ "444049" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1581457", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Kuru" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daurlong", "Luanchuanraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Tianyuraptor", "Wulong", "Zhenyuanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Kuru": [ "1581457" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "444049" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "443993", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "candidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "398796", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470681", "68125", "466003", "398796", "38729", "119884", "38721" ], "candidateIds": [ "398796" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "US", "colorado" ], "label": "Colorado · US", "occurrenceId": "1480132", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Kwanasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Amanasaurus", "Eucoelophysis", "Gamatavus", "Pisanosaurus", "Sacisaurus", "Technosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Kwanasaurus": [ "1480123", "1480126", "1480127", "1480130", "1480131", "1480132" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "398796" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38627", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163807", "435346", "38627", "176780" ], "candidateIds": [ "163807", "435346", "38627", "176780" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38623", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "491461", "38623" ], "candidateIds": [ "491461", "38623" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "375976", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "candidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "440804", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38597", "38576", "54540", "440804", "77205", "345410", "58907" ], "candidateIds": [ "440804" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "mulichinco" ], "label": "Mulichinco Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1554754", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Lajasvenator" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acrocanthosaurus", "Carcharodontosaurus", "Giganotosaurus", "Mapusaurus", "Taurovenator", "Unquillosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Lajasvenator": [ "1554754" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "440804" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38763", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "candidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57450", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38612", "57450" ], "candidateIds": [ "38612", "57450" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "110383", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "candidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "131334", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "131334", "467086" ], "candidateIds": [ "131334", "467086" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "264233", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "424515", "346306", "38762", "264233", "468705" ], "candidateIds": [ "424515", "346306", "38762", "264233", "468705" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38690", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "38690" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "AR", "río negro" ], "label": "Río Negro · AR", "occurrenceId": "508093", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Laplatasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Laplatasaurus": [ "508093" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38690" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65915", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66641", "57435", "65915" ], "candidateIds": [ "66641", "57435", "65915" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "302025", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "302025", "38802" ], "candidateIds": [ "302025", "38802" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "251611", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "318656", "148539", "251611" ], "candidateIds": [ "318656", "148539", "251611" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "378458", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66565", "89458", "515930", "496269", "507183", "251279", "282473", "378458", "57368", "481295", "89456" ], "candidateIds": [ "378458" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "rayoso" ], "label": "Rayoso Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1040409", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Lavocatisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agustinia", "Amazonsaurus", "Astigmasaura", "Campananeyen", "Cienciargentina", "Comahuesaurus", "Katepensaurus", "Rayososaurus", "Sidersaura", "Zapalasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Lavocatisaurus": [ "1040409" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "378458" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57101", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "398669", "434090", "57101", "38750", "66575", "396013" ], "candidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "434090", "57101" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AU", "eumeralla" ], "label": "Eumeralla Formation · AU", "occurrenceId": "1604533", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus", "Diluvicursor", "Galleonosaurus", "Leaellynasaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Galleonosaurus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Fostoria", "Muttaburrasaurus", "Qantassaurus", "Weewarrasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Atlascopcosaurus": [ "401698", "401707", "401720", "401728", "1604560", "1604564" ], "Diluvicursor": [ "1508978" ], "Galleonosaurus": [ "1604562" ], "Leaellynasaura": [ "401697", "401706", "401729", "1604533" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57103", "372639", "434090", "57101" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "377354", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "157362", "377354", "38648", "322707" ], "candidateIds": [ "157362", "377354", "38648", "322707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "295114", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "295114" ], "candidateIds": [ "295114" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "175491", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "175491", "38643", "165044" ], "candidateIds": [ "175491", "38643", "165044" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "381724", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "381724" ], "candidateIds": [ "381724" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372123", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66658", "38520", "372123" ], "candidateIds": [ "66658", "38520", "372123" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38849", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "38849" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "scollard" ], "label": "Scollard Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "606102", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Leptoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cerasinops", "Ferrisaurus", "Gremlin", "Gryphoceratops", "Montanoceratops", "Prenoceratops", "Unescoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Leptoceratops": [ "465654", "604289", "606102" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38849" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "266219", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "candidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "159791", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "159791" ], "candidateIds": [ "159791" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57573", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57573" ], "candidateIds": [ "57573" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68587", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "378702", "68587" ], "candidateIds": [ "378702", "68587" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "148874", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "148874" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UZ", "bissekty" ], "label": "Bissekty Formation · UZ", "occurrenceId": "708328", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Levnesovia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Levnesovia": [ "559654", "559687", "708328" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "148874" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38288", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38288" ], "candidateIds": [ "38288" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "242728", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "146361", "242728", "171910" ], "candidateIds": [ "146361", "242728", "171910" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "55581", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55575", "66588", "94031", "426795", "67673", "55581", "328822", "498078", "85967" ], "candidateIds": [ "55581" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "yixian" ], "label": "Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "537338", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Liaoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Archaeoceratops", "Asiaceratops", "Auroraceratops", "Beg", "Graciliceratops", "Mosaiceratops", "Sasayamagnomus", "Yamaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Liaoceratops": [ "537316", "537338" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "55581" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68244", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57228", "302920", "484516", "84234", "500588", "68244", "52794" ], "candidateIds": [ "68244" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "yixian" ], "label": "Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "537315", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Liaoningosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bissektipelta", "Chuanqilong", "Datai", "Gobisaurus", "Huaxiazhoulong", "Shamosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Liaoningosaurus": [ "537315" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68244" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "377178", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202263", "153809", "377178" ], "candidateIds": [ "202263", "153809", "377178" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "391222", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "156161", "391222", "243344" ], "candidateIds": [ "156161", "391222", "243344" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54536", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "167086", "416254", "54536" ], "candidateIds": [ "167086", "416254", "54536" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "81714", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "81714" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "lohan cura" ], "label": "Lohan Cura Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "583841", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ligabuesaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia", "Brontomerus", "Chubutisaurus", "Dasosaurus", "Padillasaurus", "Sauroposeidon", "Triunfosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ligabuesaurus": [ "583841" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "81714" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "55542", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55542", "391299", "38519" ], "candidateIds": [ "55542", "391299", "38519" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "63871", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "89494", "63871" ], "candidateIds": [ "89494", "63871" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "148870", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148870" ], "candidateIds": [ "148870" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "374083", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "374083" ], "candidateIds": [ "374083" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "392825", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "372482", "269470", "526106", "392825" ], "candidateIds": [ "372482", "269470", "526106", "392825" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "175493", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "175493" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "wulansuhai" ], "label": "Wulansuhai Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1163780", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Linhenykus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Ceratonykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Mononykus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Linhenykus": [ "1066198", "1163780" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "175493" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "185190", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "444043", "185190", "431993", "90549", "38564" ], "candidateIds": [ "444043", "185190", "431993", "90549", "38564" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243255", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "candidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65826", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65139", "169824", "430752", "65826" ], "candidateIds": [ "65139", "169824", "430752", "65826" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "502297", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66643", "423007", "64137", "502297", "477695", "371887", "385703", "56630" ], "candidateIds": [ "64137", "502297", "371887", "56630" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "lufeng", "shawan" ], "label": "Shawan Member · Lufeng Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1682381", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jingshanosaurus", "Lishulong", "Xingxiulong", "Yunnanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gongxianosaurus", "Irisosaurus", "Qianlong", "Yizhousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jingshanosaurus": [ "472008", "902174" ], "Lishulong": [ "1682381" ], "Xingxiulong": [ "1406778" ], "Yunnanosaurus": [ "1092070", "1092254", "1299067" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "64137", "502297", "371887", "56630" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "176039", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "176039" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "guangxi" ], "label": "Guangxi · CN", "occurrenceId": "914482", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Liubangosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Dzharatitanis", "Gannansaurus", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Jiangxititan", "Sibirotitan", "Sonidosaurus", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Liubangosaurus": [ "914482" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "176039" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "435367", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54533", "472264", "491504", "435367", "53941", "54538", "336874" ], "candidateIds": [ "435367", "336874" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1554597", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Llukalkan", "Viavenator" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Carnotaurus", "Elemgasem", "Koleken", "Pycnonemosaurus", "Quilmesaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Llukalkan": [ "1554597" ], "Viavenator": [ "1315654" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "435367", "336874" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "345958", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "candidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "492822", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "94775", "492822", "170631" ], "candidateIds": [ "94775", "492822", "170631" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38764", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38764" ], "candidateIds": [ "38764" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "96663", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "335179", "96663", "442503", "55544" ], "candidateIds": [ "335179", "96663", "442503", "55544" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "142526", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "142526", "38814" ], "candidateIds": [ "142526", "38814" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57684", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "409504", "57684", "91327", "294727" ], "candidateIds": [ "409504", "57684", "91327", "294727" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65333", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38538", "72320", "65333" ], "candidateIds": [ "38538", "72320", "65333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "71349", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38697", "71349" ], "candidateIds": [ "38697", "71349" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "142706", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470203", "444049", "142706", "58873", "152529", "438217", "372130" ], "candidateIds": [ "142706" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "qiupa" ], "label": "Qiupa Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "914477", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Luanchuanraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daurlong", "Kuru", "Richardoestesia", "Tianyuraptor", "Wulong", "Zhenyuanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Luanchuanraptor": [ "914477" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "142706" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "370733", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370733", "101006", "370731" ], "candidateIds": [ "370733", "101006", "370731" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38641", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38641", "110385" ], "candidateIds": [ "38641", "110385" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "172316", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "candidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64410", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64410" ], "candidateIds": [ "64410" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65343", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38677", "81693", "65343", "352537" ], "candidateIds": [ "38677", "81693", "65343", "352537" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "424319", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "424319" ], "candidateIds": [ "424319" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "280555", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202339", "280555" ], "candidateIds": [ "202339", "280555" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38727", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38723", "38725", "38727", "248276" ], "candidateIds": [ "38723", "38725", "38727", "248276" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "294659", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "294659", "289801" ], "candidateIds": [ "294659", "289801" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "174100", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172314", "67258", "265586", "68047", "276172", "57025", "174100", "95490", "430728", "87637" ], "candidateIds": [ "174100" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "nei mongol" ], "label": "Nei Mongol · CN", "occurrenceId": "1093826", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Machairasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Banji", "Conchoraptor", "Ganzhousaurus", "Heyuannia", "Jiangxisaurus", "Khaan", "Nemegtomaia", "Oksoko", "Shixinggia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Machairasaurus": [ "1093826" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "174100" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "340975", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170568", "340975", "437582", "38857", "418756", "324308", "249798" ], "candidateIds": [ "170568", "340975" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "wahweap", "coyote point" ], "label": "Coyote Point Member · Wahweap Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1328965", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Machairoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Diabloceratops" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Menefeeceratops", "Monoclonius", "Stellasaurus", "Wendiceratops", "Xenoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Machairoceratops": [ "1328965" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "170568", "340975" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "378959", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "378959", "62958" ], "candidateIds": [ "378959", "62958" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "122466", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67278", "493365", "65253", "400665", "122466", "427244", "86836", "424526", "67276", "494766" ], "candidateIds": [ "122466" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "sierra barrosa" ], "label": "Sierra Barrosa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "536064", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Macrogryphosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anabisetia", "Chakisaurus", "Gasparinisaura", "Isasicursor", "Mahuidacursor", "Notohypsilophodon", "Sektensaurus", "Talenkauen", "Tietasaura" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Macrogryphosaurus": [ "536064" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "122466" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "434122", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "473968", "251719", "516717", "434122", "519177", "374117" ], "candidateIds": [ "434122" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "ES", "golmayo" ], "label": "Golmayo Formation · ES", "occurrenceId": "565270", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Magnamanus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Calvarius", "Delapparentia", "Istiorachis", "Paulodon", "Riabininohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Magnamanus": [ "565270" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "434122" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "238546", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "candidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66531", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "71332", "38580", "66531", "38593" ], "candidateIds": [ "71332", "38580", "66531", "38593" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "52883", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "candidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "133918", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "364103", "38563", "133918", "468707" ], "candidateIds": [ "364103", "38563", "133918", "468707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "427244", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67278", "493365", "65253", "400665", "122466", "427244", "86836", "424526", "67276", "494766" ], "candidateIds": [ "427244" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1528999", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Mahuidacursor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anabisetia", "Chakisaurus", "Gasparinisaura", "Isasicursor", "Macrogryphosaurus", "Notohypsilophodon", "Sektensaurus", "Talenkauen", "Tietasaura" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Mahuidacursor": [ "1528999" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "427244" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38765", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "candidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "455622", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148965", "514971", "455622", "65424", "345444", "122475", "376161" ], "candidateIds": [ "455622" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "chorrillo" ], "label": "Chorrillo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1487121", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Maip" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aerosteon", "Joaquinraptor", "Megaraptor", "Murusraptor", "Orkoraptor", "Tratayenia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Maip": [ "1487121" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "455622" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38582", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38582" ], "candidateIds": [ "38582" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "140853", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "140853" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "los bastos" ], "label": "Los Bastos Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "796183", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Malarguesaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Malarguesaurus": [ "796176", "796183" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "140853" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57455", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57455", "64373", "359110", "294729" ], "candidateIds": [ "57455", "64373", "359110", "294729" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "468705", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "424515", "346306", "38762", "264233", "468705" ], "candidateIds": [ "424515", "346306", "38762", "264233", "468705" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38670", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "38670" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "dariv" ], "label": "Dariv Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "487118", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Mamenchisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Mamenchisaurus": [ "487118" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38670" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38774", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "candidateIds": [ "38771", "519523", "401261", "375976", "38774" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "185174", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38725", "185174" ], "candidateIds": [ "38725", "185174" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "366664", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "366664" ], "candidateIds": [ "366664" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "104634", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "104634" ], "candidateIds": [ "104634" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "77205", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38597", "38576", "54540", "440804", "77205", "345410", "58907" ], "candidateIds": [ "77205" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "AR", "huincul", "neuquén" ], "label": "Huincul Formation · Neuquén · AR", "occurrenceId": "534970", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Mapusaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acrocanthosaurus", "Carcharodontosaurus", "Giganotosaurus", "Lajasvenator", "Taurovenator", "Unquillosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Mapusaurus": [ "534970" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "77205" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "378233", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "378233" ], "candidateIds": [ "378233" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38628", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64061", "38628", "38592" ], "candidateIds": [ "64061", "38628", "38592" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "246318", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "246318" ], "candidateIds": [ "246318" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56388", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56388" ], "candidateIds": [ "56388" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38642", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172910", "38642", "391215" ], "candidateIds": [ "172910", "38642", "391215" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "434088", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "434088", "64755", "381506", "66740" ], "candidateIds": [ "434088", "64755", "381506", "66740" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "89499", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "89499" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "BR", "minas gerais", "prata" ], "label": "Prata · Minas Gerais · BR", "occurrenceId": "624645", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Maxakalisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan", "Bravasaurus", "Chadititan", "Muyelensaurus", "Overosaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Punatitan", "Rinconsaurus", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Maxakalisaurus": [ "585148", "585149", "624645" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "89499" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "464563", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "464563", "53022" ], "candidateIds": [ "464563", "53022" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "170631", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "94775", "492822", "170631" ], "candidateIds": [ "94775", "492822", "170631" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38583", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "136689", "38583", "38587", "348314" ], "candidateIds": [ "136689", "38583", "38587", "348314" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "101006", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "101006" ], "candidateIds": [ "101006" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65424", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148965", "514971", "455622", "65424", "345444", "122475", "376161" ], "candidateIds": [ "65424" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "portezuelo" ], "label": "Portezuelo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1283554", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Megaraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aerosteon", "Joaquinraptor", "Maip", "Murusraptor", "Orkoraptor", "Tratayenia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Megaraptor": [ "489975", "534195", "1283554" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "65424" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68249", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "379315", "68249", "64888" ], "candidateIds": [ "379315", "68249", "64888" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38648", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "157362", "38652", "377354", "38648", "335602", "322707" ], "candidateIds": [ "38648" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "LS", "leribe" ], "label": "Leribe · LS", "occurrenceId": "931127", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Melanorosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aardonyx", "Blikanasaurus", "Ledumahadi", "Meroktenos", "Sefapanosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Melanorosaurus": [ "931127" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38648" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "55583", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "346948", "184915", "109004", "55583", "287942", "174549" ], "candidateIds": [ "55583" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "sierra barrosa" ], "label": "Sierra Barrosa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "372803", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Mendozasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroposeidon", "Drusilasaura", "Futalognkosaurus", "Quetecsaurus", "Traukutitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Mendozasaurus": [ "372803" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "55583" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "437582", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170568", "340975", "437582", "38857", "418756", "324308", "249798" ], "candidateIds": [ "437582" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "menefee" ], "label": "Menefee Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "256911", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Menefeeceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Diabloceratops", "Machairoceratops", "Monoclonius", "Stellasaurus", "Wendiceratops", "Xenoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Menefeeceratops": [ "256911" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "437582" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "442426", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66645", "58912", "304823", "478763", "442426", "358623" ], "candidateIds": [ "442426" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "allen" ], "label": "Allen Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1634412", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Menucocelsior" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Argentinosaurus", "Bonitasaura", "Dreadnoughtus", "Inawentu", "Patagotitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Menucocelsior": [ "1634412" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "442426" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "462127", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "462127", "77207" ], "candidateIds": [ "462127", "77207" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "335602", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38652", "38648", "335602", "322707" ], "candidateIds": [ "38652", "38648", "335602", "322707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "523952", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610", "66573", "523952", "172032" ], "candidateIds": [ "523952" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UY", "guichón" ], "label": "Guichón Formation · UY", "occurrenceId": "2071090", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Mesetasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aeolosaurus", "Baurutitan", "Caieiria", "Gondwanatitan", "Panamericansaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Mesetasaurus": [ "2071090" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "523952" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38584", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38584" ], "candidateIds": [ "38584" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "520791", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38542", "520791", "38544", "378714", "38545", "347159" ], "candidateIds": [ "520791" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MX", "cerro del pueblo" ], "label": "Cerro del Pueblo Formation · MX", "occurrenceId": "2065726", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Mexidracon" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dromiceiomimus", "Ornithomimus", "Rativates", "Struthiomimus", "Tototlmimus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Mexidracon": [ "2065726" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "520791" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38796", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "161139", "38796", "38844" ], "candidateIds": [ "161139", "38796", "38844" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68238", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "299732", "146456", "523876", "68238", "96499", "68204", "391290" ], "candidateIds": [ "68238" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "jiufotang", "2" ], "label": "2 Member · Jiufotang Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "739676", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Microraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Changyuraptor", "Graciliraptor", "Jian", "Shanag", "Sinornithosaurus", "Zhongjianosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Microraptor": [ "739676", "877685" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68238" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38532", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "candidateIds": [ "38555", "482524", "266219", "38532" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "362685", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "362685", "351930" ], "candidateIds": [ "362685", "351930" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "473499", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "473499", "68234" ], "candidateIds": [ "473499", "68234" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "474946", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "474946", "519526", "424322", "53226", "52891" ], "candidateIds": [ "474946" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "TH", "phu kradung" ], "label": "Phu Kradung Formation · TH", "occurrenceId": "1616878", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Minimocursor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agilisaurus", "Hexinlusaurus", "Pulaosaurus", "Sanxiasaurus", "Xiaosaurus", "Yandusaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Minimocursor": [ "1616878" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "474946" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "148132", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "525233", "148132", "38833" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "djadokhta" ], "label": "Djadokhta Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "minotaurasaurus-mae98179-penkalski2017", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Eopinacosaurus", "Minotaurasaurus", "Pinacosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta", "Jinyunpelta", "Saichania", "Talarurus", "Tarchia", "Tsagantegia", "Zaraapelta" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Eopinacosaurus": [ "1040244" ], "Minotaurasaurus": [], "Pinacosaurus": [ "387375", "387389", "520881", "521704", "566950", "781634", "1058726", "1244255", "1265942", "1265960", "1272846", "1574550" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Minotaurasaurus": [ "minotaurasaurus-mae98179-penkalski2017" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "525233", "148132", "38833" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "484242", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "428182", "484242", "520797" ], "candidateIds": [ "428182", "484242", "520797" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "381533", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38681", "66006", "381533" ], "candidateIds": [ "38681", "66006", "381533" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "351930", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "362685", "351930" ], "candidateIds": [ "362685", "351930" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64755", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "434088", "64755", "381506", "66740" ], "candidateIds": [ "434088", "64755", "381506", "66740" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38708", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "407882", "153876", "84659", "202260", "482171", "440882", "38708" ], "candidateIds": [ "38708" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "on gong" ], "label": "On Gong Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "487437", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Mongolosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abdarainurus", "Baotianmansaurus", "Borealosaurus", "Dongyangosaurus", "Gandititan", "Hamititan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Mongolosaurus": [ "487437" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38708" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "381639", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "381639" ], "candidateIds": [ "381639" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38857", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170568", "340975", "437582", "38857", "418756", "324308", "249798" ], "candidateIds": [ "38857" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "judith river" ], "label": "Judith River Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1615095", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Monoclonius" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Diabloceratops", "Machairoceratops", "Menefeeceratops", "Stellasaurus", "Wendiceratops", "Xenoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Monoclonius": [ "465701", "465795", "1615095" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38857" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64121", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64121" ], "candidateIds": [ "64121" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53210", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "53210" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "nemegt" ], "label": "Nemegt Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1273551", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Mononykus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Ceratonykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Linhenykus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Mononykus": [ "148628", "646266", "1271456", "1273551", "1521057" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "53210" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38850", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "38850" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "horseshoe canyon" ], "label": "Horseshoe Canyon Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "513436", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Montanoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cerasinops", "Ferrisaurus", "Gremlin", "Gryphoceratops", "Leptoceratops", "Prenoceratops", "Unescoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Montanoceratops": [ "513436" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38850" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372409", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519173", "438296", "372409", "439823" ], "candidateIds": [ "519173", "438296", "372409", "439823" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "399346", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65079", "38605", "372448", "399346", "53212", "395956", "362111" ], "candidateIds": [ "399346" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "cedar mountain" ], "label": "Cedar Mountain Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1483309", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Moros" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Appalachiosaurus", "Dryptosaurus", "Gualicho", "Nanotyrannus", "Suskityrannus", "Teihivenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Moros": [ "1483309" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "399346" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "334966", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "334966", "255009" ], "candidateIds": [ "334966", "255009" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "328822", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55575", "66588", "94031", "426795", "67673", "55581", "328822", "498078", "85967" ], "candidateIds": [ "328822" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "xiaguan" ], "label": "Xiaguan Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1299036", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Mosaiceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Archaeoceratops", "Asiaceratops", "Auroraceratops", "Beg", "Graciliceratops", "Liaoceratops", "Sasayamagnomus", "Yamaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Mosaiceratops": [ "1299036" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "328822" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "345444", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148965", "514971", "455622", "65424", "345444", "122475", "376161" ], "candidateIds": [ "345444" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "sierra barrosa" ], "label": "Sierra Barrosa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1569192", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Murusraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aerosteon", "Joaquinraptor", "Maip", "Megaraptor", "Orkoraptor", "Tratayenia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Murusraptor": [ "1569192" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "345444" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "491695", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "423011", "491695", "56593" ], "candidateIds": [ "423011", "491695", "56593" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38643", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "175491", "38643", "165044" ], "candidateIds": [ "175491", "38643", "165044" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38750", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "398669", "434090", "57101", "38750", "66575", "396013" ], "candidateIds": [ "38750" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AU", "mackunda" ], "label": "Mackunda Formation · AU", "occurrenceId": "566776", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Muttaburrasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus", "Diluvicursor", "Fostoria", "Galleonosaurus", "Leaellynasaura", "Qantassaurus", "Weewarrasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Muttaburrasaurus": [ "566776" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38750" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "122471", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "122471" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "plottier" ], "label": "Plottier Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "536065", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Muyelensaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan", "Bravasaurus", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Overosaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Punatitan", "Rinconsaurus", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Muyelensaurus": [ "536065" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "122471" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57682", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57682" ], "candidateIds": [ "57682" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66594", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "502379", "53014", "53195", "66594" ], "candidateIds": [ "502379", "53014", "53195", "66594" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "520784", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "520784" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "TH", "chaiyaphum" ], "label": "Chaiyaphum · TH", "occurrenceId": "1589297", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nagatitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nagatitan": [ "1589297" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "520784" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243274", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "243274" ], "candidateIds": [ "243274" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "284308", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "candidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "153946", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "153946" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "guangxi" ], "label": "Guangxi · CN", "occurrenceId": "828526", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nanningosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nanningosaurus": [ "828526" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "153946" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53212", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65079", "38605", "372448", "399346", "53212", "395956", "362111" ], "candidateIds": [ "53212" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "hell creek" ], "label": "Hell Creek Formation · US", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-30", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nanotyrannus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Appalachiosaurus", "Dryptosaurus", "Gualicho", "Moros", "Suskityrannus", "Teihivenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nanotyrannus": [ "528631", "572949", "692634", "1588480" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Nanotyrannus": [ "ceratopsid-overlaps-30" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "53212" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54831", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "54831" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "yuanpu" ], "label": "Yuanpu Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "560792", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nanshiungosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Enigmosaurus", "Erliansaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Neimongosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Segnosaurus", "Suzhousaurus", "Therizinosaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nanshiungosaurus": [ "560792" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54831" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "289801", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "294659", "289801" ], "candidateIds": [ "294659", "289801" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68242", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "68242" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "henan", "neixiang" ], "label": "Neixiang · Henan · CN", "occurrenceId": "537341", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nanyangosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nanyangosaurus": [ "537341" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68242" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "467086", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "131334", "467086" ], "candidateIds": [ "131334", "467086" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "201024", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "153725", "201024" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "AR", "anacleto", "neuquén" ], "label": "Anacleto Formation · Neuquén · AR", "occurrenceId": "980820", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Barrosasaurus", "Narambuenatitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Barrosasaurus": [ "826758" ], "Narambuenatitan": [ "980820" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "153725", "201024" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "425748", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "425748", "71876" ], "candidateIds": [ "425748", "71876" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "273963", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55538", "378710", "475401", "273963", "378712" ], "candidateIds": [ "55538", "378710", "475401", "273963", "378712" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "468707", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "364103", "38563", "133918", "468707" ], "candidateIds": [ "364103", "38563", "133918", "468707" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "420727", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "461645", "420727", "38859", "420729" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "kirtland", "hunter wash" ], "label": "Hunter Wash Member · Kirtland Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1508958", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Navajoceratops", "Pentaceratops", "Terminocavus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Bisticeratops" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Navajoceratops": [ "1508958" ], "Pentaceratops": [ "1574093" ], "Terminocavus": [ "1508959" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "461645", "420727", "38859", "420729" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "270395", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "52769", "67549", "514503", "519530", "270395", "38660" ], "candidateIds": [ "270395" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "zhanghe" ], "label": "Zhanghe Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1144205", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nebulasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Datousaurus", "Ferganasaurus", "Huashanosaurus", "Jinchuanloong", "Shunosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nebulasaurus": [ "1144205" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "270395" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68371", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "68373", "68371" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "iren dabasu" ], "label": "Iren Dabasu Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "537626", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Erliansaurus", "Neimongosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Enigmosaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Nanshiungosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Segnosaurus", "Suzhousaurus", "Therizinosaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Erliansaurus": [ "811555" ], "Neimongosaurus": [ "537626" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68373", "68371" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "95490", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172314", "67258", "265586", "68047", "276172", "57025", "174100", "95490", "430728", "87637" ], "candidateIds": [ "67258", "95490", "430728" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "nemegt", "omnogov" ], "label": "Nemegt Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "529494", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nemegtomaia", "Oksoko" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Conchoraptor" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Banji", "Ganzhousaurus", "Heyuannia", "Jiangxisaurus", "Khaan", "Machairasaurus", "Shixinggia" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nemegtomaia": [ "529494" ], "Oksoko": [ "1058786", "1272886", "1540233" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "67258", "95490", "430728" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "424533", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391220", "424533", "391295", "38549", "391218" ], "candidateIds": [ "391220", "424533", "391295", "38549", "391218" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38671", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38671", "38672" ], "candidateIds": [ "38671", "38672" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64119", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64119" ], "candidateIds": [ "64119" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64530", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "138547", "68201", "492469", "64530", "65421", "444041" ], "candidateIds": [ "64530", "65421" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "portezuelo" ], "label": "Portezuelo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "482022", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Neuquenraptor", "Unenlagia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroraptor", "Buitreraptor", "Diuqin", "Ypupiara" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Neuquenraptor": [ "482022", "1555682" ], "Unenlagia": [ "489973", "534263" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "64530", "65421" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64317", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64317", "38693" ], "candidateIds": [ "64317", "38693" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "472262", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "candidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "391215", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172910", "38642", "391215" ], "candidateIds": [ "172910", "38642", "391215" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "391702", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "candidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "427781", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53946", "427781" ], "candidateIds": [ "53946", "427781" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57366", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57366", "38679", "273396" ], "candidateIds": [ "57366", "38679", "273396" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "261035", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38615", "66065", "64890", "261035", "66067", "502773" ], "candidateIds": [ "66065", "261035", "66067" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "yixian", "liaoning", "jianchang" ], "label": "Yixian Formation · Jianchang · Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "1108752", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ningyuansaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Caudipteryx", "Protarchaeopteryx" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Avimimus", "Incisivosaurus", "Yuanyanglong" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ningyuansaurus": [ "1108752" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66065", "261035", "66067" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "433849", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "433849" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajada colorada" ], "label": "Bajada Colorada Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1555659", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ninjatitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ninjatitan": [ "1555659" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "433849" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65206", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "65206" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "US", "niobrara", "kansas", "gove" ], "label": "Niobrara Formation · Gove · Kansas · US", "occurrenceId": "487783", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Niobrarasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Niobrarasaurus": [ "487783" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "65206" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "526153", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "273053", "526153", "38840", "294661" ], "candidateIds": [ "273053", "526153", "38840", "294661" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38775", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64250", "38769", "38773", "271587", "38775", "72094", "38778" ], "candidateIds": [ "64250", "38775", "72094" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "geological_group", "key": [ "RU", "ryugase" ], "label": "Ryugase Group · RU", "occurrenceId": "396875", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nipponosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Amurosaurus", "Olorotitan" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aralosaurus", "Jaxartosaurus", "Kazaklambia", "Tsintaosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nipponosaurus": [ "396875" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "64250", "38775", "72094" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38630", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38630", "64901", "388269" ], "candidateIds": [ "38630", "64901", "388269" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68007", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "candidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38823", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "38823", "63885" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "frontier", "wyoming" ], "label": "Frontier Formation · Wyoming · US", "occurrenceId": "297018", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nodosaurus", "Stegopelta" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nodosaurus": [ "297018" ], "Stegopelta": [ "292842" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38823", "63885" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "140520", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "140520" ], "candidateIds": [ "140520" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "280184", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "candidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "391299", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55542", "391299", "38519" ], "candidateIds": [ "55542", "391299", "38519" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66507", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66507" ], "candidateIds": [ "66507" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "334673", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "467411", "334673", "83419" ], "candidateIds": [ "467411", "334673", "83419" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "86836", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67278", "493365", "65253", "400665", "122466", "427244", "86836", "424526", "67276", "494766" ], "candidateIds": [ "86836" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo barreal" ], "label": "Bajo Barreal Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "621155", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Notohypsilophodon" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anabisetia", "Chakisaurus", "Gasparinisaura", "Isasicursor", "Macrogryphosaurus", "Mahuidacursor", "Sektensaurus", "Talenkauen", "Tietasaura" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Notohypsilophodon": [ "621155" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "86836" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66505", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391225", "66505" ], "candidateIds": [ "391225", "66505" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "400667", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "433884", "180311", "480843", "233928", "57466", "384013", "400667", "66268" ], "candidateIds": [ "400667" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "chorrillo" ], "label": "Chorrillo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1487124", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nullotitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Antarctosaurus", "Arackar", "Atacamatitan", "Bustingorrytitan", "Elaltitan", "Epachthosaurus", "Kaijutitan", "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nullotitan": [ "508508", "1487118", "1487124" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "400667" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66532", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170642", "92201", "66532", "65133", "58873", "65135" ], "candidateIds": [ "66532" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UK", "lulworth" ], "label": "Lulworth Formation · UK", "occurrenceId": "668722", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nuthetes" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Balaur", "Dromaeosauroides", "Pyroraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Variraptor" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nuthetes": [ "301076", "301109", "516330", "668722" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66532" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "509330", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "509330", "471619" ], "candidateIds": [ "509330", "471619" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "477067", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65335", "492472", "477067", "163544" ], "candidateIds": [ "65335", "492472", "477067", "163544" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "386797", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202797", "386797", "52990", "38678" ], "candidateIds": [ "202797", "386797", "52990", "38678" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65913", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65913", "83022" ], "candidateIds": [ "65913", "83022" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "430728", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172314", "67258", "265586", "68047", "276172", "57025", "174100", "95490", "430728", "87637" ], "candidateIds": [ "67258", "95490", "430728" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "nemegt" ], "label": "Nemegt Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1540233", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Conchoraptor", "Nemegtomaia", "Oksoko" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Conchoraptor" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Banji", "Ganzhousaurus", "Heyuannia", "Jiangxisaurus", "Khaan", "Machairasaurus", "Shixinggia" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Conchoraptor": [], "Nemegtomaia": [ "529494" ], "Oksoko": [ "1058786", "1272886", "1540233" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Conchoraptor": [ "conchoraptor-nemegt-preliminary-fanti2024" ], "Nemegtomaia": [ "asian-sauropod-4" ], "Oksoko": [ "asian-sauropod-5" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "67258", "95490", "430728" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "72094", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64250", "38769", "38773", "271587", "38775", "72094", "38778" ], "candidateIds": [ "64250", "72094" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "geological_group", "key": [ "RU", "tsagayan" ], "label": "Tsagayan Group · RU", "occurrenceId": "396864", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Amurosaurus", "Olorotitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aralosaurus", "Jaxartosaurus", "Kazaklambia", "Nipponosaurus", "Tsintaosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Amurosaurus": [ "474063" ], "Olorotitan": [ "396864" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "64250", "72094" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38702", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "38670", "38702" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "gansu" ], "label": "Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": "522077", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Mamenchisaurus": [ "493036", "557562" ], "Omeisaurus": [ "522077" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38670", "38702" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "455665", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot", "omnogov" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "1593675", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ceratonykus", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 5, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ceratonykus": [ "809197" ], "Jaculinykus": [ "1639584" ], "Khulsanurus": [ "1604958" ], "Ondogurvel": [ "1593675" ], "Parvicursor": [ "283992" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "257757", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "candidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38698", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38698" ], "candidateIds": [ "38698" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66541", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66541" ], "candidateIds": [ "66541" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "122475", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148965", "514971", "455622", "65424", "345444", "122475", "376161" ], "candidateIds": [ "122475" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "cerro fortaleza" ], "label": "Cerro Fortaleza Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1640958", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Orkoraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aerosteon", "Joaquinraptor", "Maip", "Megaraptor", "Murusraptor", "Tratayenia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Orkoraptor": [ "1640958", "1671513" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "122475" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "435344", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "candidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38529", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38529" ], "candidateIds": [ "38529" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38544", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38542", "520791", "38544", "378714", "38545", "347159" ], "candidateIds": [ "38544" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "US", "colorado", "jefferson" ], "label": "Jefferson · Colorado · US", "occurrenceId": "487582", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ornithomimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dromiceiomimus", "Mexidracon", "Rativates", "Struthiomimus", "Tototlmimus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ornithomimus": [ "487582" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38544" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "52990", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202797", "386797", "52990", "38678" ], "candidateIds": [ "202797", "386797", "52990", "38678" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64337", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "candidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "103709", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "candidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "261768", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "261768", "66517" ], "candidateIds": [ "261768", "66517" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "375979", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "375979", "38565" ], "candidateIds": [ "375979", "38565" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38751", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38751" ], "candidateIds": [ "38751" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "420731", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "420731", "38565" ], "candidateIds": [ "420731", "38565" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "273091", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "273091", "68591" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1152347", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Overosaurus", "Rinconsaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan", "Bravasaurus", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Punatitan", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Overosaurus": [ "1152347" ], "Rinconsaurus": [ "539207" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "273091", "68591" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38559", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "candidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "163544", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65335", "492472", "477067", "163544" ], "candidateIds": [ "65335", "492472", "477067", "163544" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "180307", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64275", "64272", "180307" ], "candidateIds": [ "64275", "64272", "180307" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38786", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38786", "38790", "38787" ], "candidateIds": [ "38786", "38790", "38787" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38858", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53956", "53952", "38858" ], "candidateIds": [ "53956", "53952", "38858" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "327236", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "327236" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CO", "paja" ], "label": "Paja Formation · CO", "occurrenceId": "1296269", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Padillasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia", "Brontomerus", "Chubutisaurus", "Dasosaurus", "Ligabuesaurus", "Sauroposeidon", "Triunfosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Padillasaurus": [ "1296269" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "327236" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "197174", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "candidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243372", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "candidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "180309", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "180309" ], "candidateIds": [ "180309" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "172032", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53964", "85462", "463610", "66573", "523952", "172032" ], "candidateIds": [ "172032" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "AR", "neuquén" ], "label": "Neuquén · AR", "occurrenceId": "892779", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Panamericansaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aeolosaurus", "Baurutitan", "Caieiria", "Gondwanatitan", "Mesetasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Panamericansaurus": [ "892779" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "172032" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372152", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "243332", "372152" ], "candidateIds": [ "243332", "372152" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "371994", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "101006", "371994" ], "candidateIds": [ "101006", "371994" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38825", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "38825" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "bearpaw shale", "montana" ], "label": "Bearpaw Shale Formation · Montana · US", "occurrenceId": "280200", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Panoplosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Panoplosaurus": [ "280200" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38825" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "142533", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "candidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "117152", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153775", "64391", "117152", "53022" ], "candidateIds": [ "153775", "64391", "117152", "53022" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "444045", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "444045" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "wulansuhai" ], "label": "Wulansuhai Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1635405", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Papiliovenator" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides", "Daliansaurus", "Gobivenator", "Harenadraco", "Pectinodon", "Sinusonasus", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Papiliovenator": [ "1635405" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "444045" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "461676", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "461676" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "JP", "osoushinai" ], "label": "Osoushinai Formation · JP", "occurrenceId": "803685", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Paralitherizinosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Enigmosaurus", "Erliansaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Nanshiungosaurus", "Neimongosaurus", "Segnosaurus", "Suzhousaurus", "Therizinosaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Paralitherizinosaurus": [ "803685" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "461676" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64373", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57455", "64373", "359110", "294729" ], "candidateIds": [ "57455", "64373", "359110", "294729" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38813", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38813" ], "candidateIds": [ "38813" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57426", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "candidateIds": [ "401259", "161195", "243257", "274520", "57426" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38766", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38766", "523874", "437584" ], "candidateIds": [ "38766", "523874", "437584" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "419041", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "419041" ], "candidateIds": [ "419041" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "381506", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "434088", "64755", "381506", "66740" ], "candidateIds": [ "434088", "64755", "381506", "66740" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38739", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494305", "38739", "38742" ], "candidateIds": [ "494305", "38739", "38742" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38565", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "523883", "255864", "375979", "420731", "38565", "68247", "214885", "372484", "193133", "130179" ], "candidateIds": [ "375979", "38565" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "PT", "argilas de aveiro" ], "label": "Argilas de Aveiro Formation · PT", "occurrenceId": "489433", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Paronychodon" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Ostromia" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Caihong", "Changzhousaurus", "Eosinopteryx", "Overoraptor", "Pedopenna", "Pneumatoraptor", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia", "Zhongornis" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Paronychodon": [ "489433" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "375979", "38565" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68182", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baruungoyot", "omnogov" ], "label": "Baruungoyot Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "283992", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ceratonykus", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Shuvuuia", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 5, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ceratonykus": [ "809197" ], "Jaculinykus": [ "1639584" ], "Khulsanurus": [ "1604958" ], "Ondogurvel": [ "1593675" ], "Parvicursor": [ "283992" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "145604", "479065", "461663", "455665", "68182" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64772", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "243259", "64772" ], "candidateIds": [ "243259", "64772" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "466647", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "466647", "446235" ], "candidateIds": [ "466647", "446235" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38662", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38662" ], "candidateIds": [ "38662" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "358623", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66645", "58912", "304823", "478763", "442426", "358623" ], "candidateIds": [ "358623" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "cerro barcino" ], "label": "Cerro Barcino Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1374882", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Patagotitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Argentinosaurus", "Bonitasaura", "Dreadnoughtus", "Inawentu", "Menucocelsior" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Patagotitan": [ "1374882" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "358623" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519177", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "473968", "251719", "516717", "434122", "519177", "374117" ], "candidateIds": [ "519177" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "ES", "aragon" ], "label": "Aragon · ES", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "complete-paulodon-0", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Paulodon" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Calvarius", "Delapparentia", "Istiorachis", "Magnamanus", "Riabininohadros" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Paulodon": [] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Paulodon": [ "complete-paulodon-0" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "519177" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "55998", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "55998", "66851" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "paw paw", "texas" ], "label": "Paw Paw Formation · Texas · US", "occurrenceId": "373398", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pawpawsaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Texasetes" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pawpawsaurus": [ "373398" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "55998", "66851" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38570", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "38570" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "lance" ], "label": "Lance Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "796335", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pectinodon" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides", "Daliansaurus", "Gobivenator", "Harenadraco", "Papiliovenator", "Sinusonasus", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pectinodon": [ "464433", "464498", "483646", "796335" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38570" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68247", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "255864", "38565", "68247", "372484", "193133" ], "candidateIds": [ "68247" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "nei mongol" ], "label": "Nei Mongol · CN", "occurrenceId": "537627", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pedopenna" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Caihong", "Eosinopteryx", "Paronychodon", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pedopenna": [ "537627" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68247" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "248276", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38723", "38725", "38727", "248276" ], "candidateIds": [ "38723", "38725", "38727", "248276" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64117", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64117" ], "candidateIds": [ "64117" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66268", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38685", "433884", "180311", "480843", "233928", "57466", "384013", "400667", "66268" ], "candidateIds": [ "66268" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "allen" ], "label": "Allen Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "508143", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pellegrinisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Antarctosaurus", "Arackar", "Atacamatitan", "Bustingorrytitan", "Elaltitan", "Epachthosaurus", "Kaijutitan", "Nullotitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pellegrinisaurus": [ "508143" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66268" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "147029", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "147029" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "US", "cedar mountain", "utah", "carbon" ], "label": "Cedar Mountain Formation · Carbon · Utah · US", "occurrenceId": "534790", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Peloroplites" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Peloroplites": [ "534790" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Peloroplites": [ "nodosauridae-6", "nodosauridae-7", "peloroplites-pr2-alternative-member" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "147029" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38678", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "202797", "386797", "52990", "38678" ], "candidateIds": [ "202797", "386797", "52990", "38678" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "442503", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "96663", "442503" ], "candidateIds": [ "96663", "442503" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "137366", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "137366" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "bayangobi", "nei mongol" ], "label": "Bayangobi Formation · Nei Mongol · CN", "occurrenceId": "840592", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Penelopognathus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Penelopognathus": [ "840592" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "137366" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38859", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "38859" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "fruitland", "fossil forest" ], "label": "Fossil Forest Member · Fruitland Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "407830", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pentaceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pentaceratops": [ "368113", "368120", "407830" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38859" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "461498", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "428862", "38706", "461498" ], "candidateIds": [ "428862", "38706", "461498" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "201030", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "201030" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "plottier" ], "label": "Plottier Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "980825", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Petrobrasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Tiamat", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Petrobrasaurus": [ "980825" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "201030" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "505033", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "candidateIds": [ "345958", "52883", "280184", "197174", "505033" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243344", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "156161", "391222", "243344" ], "candidateIds": [ "156161", "391222", "243344" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519811", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519811" ], "candidateIds": [ "519811" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56409", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "56409" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "TH", "sao khua" ], "label": "Sao Khua Formation · TH", "occurrenceId": "1674417", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Phuwiangosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Phuwiangosaurus": [ "380063", "380646", "380647", "380649", "380655", "380882", "380887", "380889", "380894", "380898", "380910", "528636", "1467123", "1674417" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "56409" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "387579", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66356", "387579", "387581" ], "candidateIds": [ "66356", "387579", "387581" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38592", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64061", "38628", "38592" ], "candidateIds": [ "64061", "38628", "38592" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "375508", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "140517", "375508" ], "candidateIds": [ "140517", "375508" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38833", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "38833" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "alagteeg" ], "label": "Alagteeg Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1262140", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pinacosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta", "Eopinacosaurus", "Jinyunpelta", "Minotaurasaurus", "Saichania", "Talarurus", "Tarchia", "Tsagantegia", "Zaraapelta" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pinacosaurus": [ "1262140" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38833" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38729", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470681", "68125", "466003", "398796", "38729", "119884", "38721" ], "candidateIds": [ "38729" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "ischigualasto" ], "label": "Ischigualasto Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "277109", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pisanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Amanasaurus", "Eucoelophysis", "Gamatavus", "Kwanasaurus", "Sacisaurus", "Technosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pisanosaurus": [ "277109" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38729" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "140725", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "140725" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "AR", "anacleto", "neuquén" ], "label": "Anacleto Formation · Neuquén · AR", "occurrenceId": "795820", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pitekunsaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan", "Bravasaurus", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Overosaurus", "Punatitan", "Rinconsaurus", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pitekunsaurus": [ "795820" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "140725" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38593", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "71332", "38580", "66531", "38593" ], "candidateIds": [ "71332", "38580", "66531", "38593" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66517", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "261768", "66517" ], "candidateIds": [ "261768", "66517" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56593", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "423011", "491695", "56593" ], "candidateIds": [ "423011", "491695", "56593" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38644", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443778", "38644" ], "candidateIds": [ "443778", "38644" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "374254", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "candidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "471621", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267728", "519375", "448078", "471621", "67681" ], "candidateIds": [ "267728", "519375", "448078", "471621", "67681" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "318944", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "318944" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "alagteeg" ], "label": "Alagteeg Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1264578", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Plesiohadros" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Plesiohadros": [ "1264578" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "318944" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "523874", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38766", "523874", "437584" ], "candidateIds": [ "38766", "523874", "437584" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "214885", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38565", "214885" ], "candidateIds": [ "38565", "214885" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "52784", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "candidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "439823", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519173", "438296", "372409", "439823" ], "candidateIds": [ "519173", "438296", "372409", "439823" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "370731", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370733", "101006", "370731" ], "candidateIds": [ "370733", "101006", "370731" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "110385", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38641", "110385" ], "candidateIds": [ "38641", "110385" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38790", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38795", "38786", "38790", "38787" ], "candidateIds": [ "38795", "38786", "38790", "38787" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "96088", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "496386", "96088" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "oldman" ], "label": "Oldman Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "881480", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Gremlin", "Prenoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cerasinops", "Ferrisaurus", "Gryphoceratops", "Leptoceratops", "Montanoceratops", "Unescoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Gremlin": [ "1706131" ], "Prenoceratops": [ "881480" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "496386", "96088" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "253831", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "452620", "494520", "253831" ], "candidateIds": [ "452620", "494520", "253831" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38752", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "38752" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "nei monggol" ], "label": "Nei Monggol · CN", "occurrenceId": "527480", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Probactrosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Probactrosaurus": [ "527479", "527480" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38752" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372649", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "candidateIds": [ "205433", "38757", "38765", "435344", "372649" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38602", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38602" ], "candidateIds": [ "38602" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38517", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38517" ], "candidateIds": [ "38517" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "288407", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "288407" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "patuxent", "maryland" ], "label": "Patuxent Formation · Maryland · US", "occurrenceId": "1014173", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Propanoplosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Propanoplosaurus": [ "1014173" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "288407" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38767", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "351776", "38767", "38768" ], "candidateIds": [ "351776", "38767", "38768" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66067", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38615", "66065", "64890", "261035", "66067", "502773" ], "candidateIds": [ "66065", "261035", "66067" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "yixian", "jianshangou" ], "label": "Jianshangou Member · Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "130294", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Caudipteryx", "Protarchaeopteryx" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Ningyuansaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Avimimus", "Incisivosaurus", "Yuanyanglong" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Caudipteryx": [ "130295", "537314" ], "Protarchaeopteryx": [ "130294" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66065", "261035", "66067" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "472223", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58891", "472223", "502838", "397944" ], "candidateIds": [ "58891", "472223", "502838", "397944" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38848", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38846", "58853", "38848" ], "candidateIds": [ "38846", "58853", "38848" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65679", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65679" ], "candidateIds": [ "65679" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64526", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "104637", "38759", "66499", "475291", "243278", "168389", "64526" ], "candidateIds": [ "64526" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "lewisville" ], "label": "Lewisville Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1570939", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Protohadros" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cedrorestes", "Claosaurus", "Eolambia", "Gonkoken", "Huehuecanauhtlus", "Jeyawati" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Protohadros": [ "256525", "907853", "1289280", "1570939" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "64526" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38844", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "161139", "38796", "38844" ], "candidateIds": [ "161139", "38796", "38844" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519767", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "candidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "83419", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "467411", "334673", "83419" ], "candidateIds": [ "467411", "334673", "83419" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "327196", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68475", "327196", "38650" ], "candidateIds": [ "68475", "327196", "38650" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519526", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "474946", "519526", "424322", "53226", "52891" ], "candidateIds": [ "519526" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "tiaojishan" ], "label": "Tiaojishan Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "2063457", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pulaosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agilisaurus", "Hexinlusaurus", "Minimocursor", "Sanxiasaurus", "Xiaosaurus", "Yandusaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pulaosaurus": [ "2063457" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "519526" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "427961", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "427963", "427961" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "ciénaga del río huaco" ], "label": "Ciénaga del Río Huaco Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1532561", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bravasaurus", "Punatitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Overosaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Rinconsaurus", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bravasaurus": [ "1532559" ], "Punatitan": [ "1532561" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "427963", "427961" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53941", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54533", "472264", "491504", "435367", "53941", "54538", "336874" ], "candidateIds": [ "53941" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "geological_group", "key": [ "BR", "parecis" ], "label": "Parecis Group · BR", "occurrenceId": "343812", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pycnonemosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Carnotaurus", "Elemgasem", "Koleken", "Llukalkan", "Quilmesaurus", "Viavenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pycnonemosaurus": [ "343812" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "53941" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65133", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170642", "92201", "66532", "65133", "58873", "65135" ], "candidateIds": [ "65133", "58873", "65135" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "FR", "provence-alpes-côte d'azur" ], "label": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur · FR", "occurrenceId": "487169", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pyroraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Variraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Richardoestesia" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Balaur", "Dromaeosauroides", "Nuthetes" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pyroraptor": [ "487169" ], "Richardoestesia": [ "566029" ], "Variraptor": [ "297282", "297290" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "65133", "58873", "65135" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66575", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "398669", "434090", "57101", "38750", "66575", "396013" ], "candidateIds": [ "57103", "434090", "66575" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AU", "wonthaggi" ], "label": "\"Wonthaggi\" Formation · AU", "occurrenceId": "513430", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus", "Galleonosaurus", "Qantassaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Diluvicursor", "Fostoria", "Leaellynasaura", "Muttaburrasaurus", "Weewarrasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Atlascopcosaurus": [ "1550657" ], "Galleonosaurus": [ "1550656", "1550660" ], "Qantassaurus": [ "513430", "1550658" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57103", "434090", "66575" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "503600", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "503600" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "chongqing" ], "label": "Chongqing · CN", "occurrenceId": "1686762", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Qianjiangsaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Qianjiangsaurus": [ "1686762" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "503600" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "477695", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66643", "423007", "64137", "502297", "477695", "371887", "385703", "56630" ], "candidateIds": [ "477695" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "ziliujing", "zhenzhuchong" ], "label": "Zhenzhuchong Member · Ziliujing Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1636879", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Qianlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gongxianosaurus", "Irisosaurus", "Jingshanosaurus", "Lishulong", "Xingxiulong", "Yizhousaurus", "Yunnanosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Qianlong": [ "1636879" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "477695" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "294802", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38609", "294802" ], "candidateIds": [ "38609", "294802" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "153669", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "154995", "153669", "288219" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "xiagou", "gansu" ], "label": "Xiagou Formation · Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": "826709", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Qiaowanlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Daxiatitan", "Yongjinglong" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Qiaowanlong": [ "826709" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "154995", "153669", "288219" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "133088", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "133088", "371019" ], "candidateIds": [ "133088", "371019" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "176037", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370065", "66671", "38540", "519528", "38547", "176037", "68341" ], "candidateIds": [ "176037" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "qiupa" ], "label": "Qiupa Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "914468", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Qiupalong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aepyornithomimus", "Anserimimus", "Archaeornithomimus", "Dzharacursor", "Gallimimus", "Sinornithomimus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Qiupalong": [ "914468" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "176037" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "391295", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391220", "424533", "391295", "38549", "391218" ], "candidateIds": [ "391220", "424533", "391295", "38549", "391218" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38672", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38671", "38672" ], "candidateIds": [ "38671", "38672" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "287942", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "346948", "184915", "109004", "55583", "287942", "174549" ], "candidateIds": [ "287942" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "cerro lisandro" ], "label": "Cerro Lisandro Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1191673", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Quetecsaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroposeidon", "Drusilasaura", "Futalognkosaurus", "Mendozasaurus", "Traukutitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Quetecsaurus": [ "1191673" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "287942" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54538", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54533", "472264", "491504", "435367", "53941", "54538", "336874" ], "candidateIds": [ "54538" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "allen" ], "label": "Allen Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "297300", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Quilmesaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Carnotaurus", "Elemgasem", "Koleken", "Llukalkan", "Pycnonemosaurus", "Viavenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Quilmesaurus": [ "297300" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54538" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "498067", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "450821", "498067" ], "candidateIds": [ "450821", "498067" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "172843", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172843" ], "candidateIds": [ "172843" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64132", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64132" ], "candidateIds": [ "64132" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54432", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38591", "54432" ], "candidateIds": [ "38591", "54432" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57532", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57532" ], "candidateIds": [ "57532" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "154174", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38610", "58835", "424531", "509676", "154174", "348490", "146099" ], "candidateIds": [ "38610", "154174" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "nei mongol" ], "label": "Nei Mongol · CN", "occurrenceId": "829104", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Alectrosaurus", "Raptorex" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dilong", "Jinbeisaurus", "Khankhuuluu", "Timurlengia", "Xiongguanlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Alectrosaurus": [ "489802", "489850" ], "Raptorex": [ "829104" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38610", "154174" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243348", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "243348", "372268" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "geological_group", "key": [ "TH", "khorat" ], "label": "Khorat Group · TH", "occurrenceId": "1066322", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ratchasimasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Sirindhorna" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ratchasimasaurus": [ "1066322" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "243348", "372268" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "378714", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38542", "520791", "38544", "378714", "38545", "347159" ], "candidateIds": [ "38544", "378714", "38545" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "oldman" ], "label": "Oldman Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "517536", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Rativates", "Struthiomimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Ornithomimus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dromiceiomimus", "Mexidracon", "Tototlmimus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Rativates": [ "517536" ], "Struthiomimus": [ "517535", "517540", "517542", "517543", "517544", "1038741" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38544", "378714", "38545" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57368", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66565", "89458", "515930", "496269", "507183", "251279", "282473", "378458", "57368", "481295", "89456" ], "candidateIds": [ "496269", "57368" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "candeleros" ], "label": "Candeleros Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "561805", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Campananeyen", "Rayososaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agustinia", "Amazonsaurus", "Astigmasaura", "Cienciargentina", "Comahuesaurus", "Katepensaurus", "Lavocatisaurus", "Sidersaura", "Zapalasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Campananeyen": [ "1332074" ], "Rayososaurus": [ "561805" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "496269", "57368" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38679", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57366", "38679", "273396" ], "candidateIds": [ "57366", "38679", "273396" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "365325", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "candidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38753", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38753" ], "candidateIds": [ "38753" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "305972", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "516650", "66592", "358686", "461658", "461656", "305972", "38781" ], "candidateIds": [ "305972" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "nelsen" ], "label": "Nelsen Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1429198", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Rhinorex" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ahshislesaurus", "Anasazisaurus", "Bonapartesaurus", "Huallasaurus", "Kelumapusaura", "Secernosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Rhinorex": [ "1429198" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "305972" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38659", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38659" ], "candidateIds": [ "38659" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "446268", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "58889", "446268" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "kalazha", "xinjiang", "shanshan" ], "label": "Kalazha Formation · Shanshan · Xinjiang · CN", "occurrenceId": "1584287", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Hudiesaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Hudiesaurus": [ "458375" ], "Rhomaleopakhus": [ "1584287" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "58889", "446268" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "374117", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "473968", "251719", "516717", "434122", "519177", "374117" ], "candidateIds": [ "374117" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "UA", "crimea" ], "label": "Crimea · UA", "occurrenceId": "520794", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Riabininohadros" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Calvarius", "Delapparentia", "Istiorachis", "Magnamanus", "Paulodon" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Riabininohadros": [ "520794" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "374117" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "58873", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170642", "68419", "470203", "92201", "444049", "142706", "66532", "65133", "58873", "152529", "65135", "438217", "372130" ], "candidateIds": [ "58873" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "aguja" ], "label": "Aguja Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1134774", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Richardoestesia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Balaur", "Bambiraptor", "Daurlong", "Dromaeosauroides", "Kuru", "Luanchuanraptor", "Nuthetes", "Pyroraptor", "Tianyuraptor", "Variraptor", "Wulong", "Zhenyuanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Richardoestesia": [ "288586", "479688", "479689", "632175", "632177", "632186", "632193", "632204", "632208", "632211", "1134740", "1134774", "1134783" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "58873" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68396", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57023", "376005", "324065", "68396", "347523", "268663" ], "candidateIds": [ "68396" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "nemegt" ], "label": "Nemegt Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1447893", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Rinchenia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Citipati", "Corythoraptor", "Huanansaurus", "Tongtianlong", "Wulatelong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Rinchenia": [ "1447893" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68396" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68591", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "273091", "68591" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "539207", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Overosaurus", "Rinconsaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan", "Bravasaurus", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Punatitan", "Uberabatitan" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Overosaurus": [ "1152347" ], "Rinconsaurus": [ "539207" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "273091", "68591" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38649", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38649" ], "candidateIds": [ "38649" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "502838", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58891", "472223", "502838", "397944" ], "candidateIds": [ "58891", "472223", "502838", "397944" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "443998", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443996", "443998" ], "candidateIds": [ "443996", "443998" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66612", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "candidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "170627", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38854", "249800", "170627", "215069", "38860" ], "candidateIds": [ "38854", "249800", "170627", "215069", "38860" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65099", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65099", "466650" ], "candidateIds": [ "65099", "466650" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "71394", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "123315", "71394" ], "candidateIds": [ "123315", "71394" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "465375", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "38701", "465375" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning" ], "label": "Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "1615294", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Euhelopus", "Ruixinia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Euhelopus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Euhelopus": [ "387068", "717771" ], "Ruixinia": [ "1615294" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38701", "465375" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "320810", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "320810" ], "candidateIds": [ "320810" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "166380", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "166380", "202272" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "henan" ], "label": "Henan · CN", "occurrenceId": "862206", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ruyangosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ruyangosaurus": [ "862206" ], "Xianshanosaurus": [ "1172079" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "166380", "202272" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "119884", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470681", "68125", "466003", "398796", "38729", "119884", "38721" ], "candidateIds": [ "470681", "119884" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "caturrita" ], "label": "Caturrita Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "536062", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sacisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Amanasaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Eucoelophysis", "Gamatavus", "Kwanasaurus", "Pisanosaurus", "Technosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sacisaurus": [ "536062" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "470681", "119884" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38834", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "38834" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "shanxi" ], "label": "Shanxi · CN", "occurrenceId": "513240", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Saichania" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta", "Eopinacosaurus", "Jinyunpelta", "Minotaurasaurus", "Pinacosaurus", "Talarurus", "Tarchia", "Tsagantegia", "Zaraapelta" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Saichania": [ "460636", "513240" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38834" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38693", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64317", "38693" ], "candidateIds": [ "64317", "38693" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "390562", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38600", "390562" ], "candidateIds": [ "38600", "390562" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "172072", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "candidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65643", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "candidateIds": [ "68151", "65147", "66497", "110383", "65643" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "424322", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "474946", "519526", "424322", "53226", "52891" ], "candidateIds": [ "424322" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "xintiangou" ], "label": "Xintiangou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1519617", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sanxiasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agilisaurus", "Hexinlusaurus", "Minimocursor", "Pulaosaurus", "Xiaosaurus", "Yandusaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sanxiasaurus": [ "1519617" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "424322" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "171910", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "146361", "242728", "171910" ], "candidateIds": [ "146361", "242728", "171910" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38829", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38821", "38829" ], "candidateIds": [ "38821", "38829" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "55544", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "335179", "96663", "55544" ], "candidateIds": [ "335179", "96663", "55544" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "340068", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "340068" ], "candidateIds": [ "340068" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "498078", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55575", "66588", "94031", "426795", "67673", "55581", "328822", "498078", "85967" ], "candidateIds": [ "498078" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "JP", "ohyamashimo" ], "label": "Ohyamashimo Formation · JP", "occurrenceId": "1662741", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sasayamagnomus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Archaeoceratops", "Asiaceratops", "Auroraceratops", "Beg", "Graciliceratops", "Liaoceratops", "Mosaiceratops", "Yamaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sasayamagnomus": [ "1662741" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "498078" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68123", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "candidateIds": [ "242719", "391702", "243372", "142533", "68123" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38768", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "351776", "38767", "38768" ], "candidateIds": [ "351776", "38767", "38768" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38827", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "38827", "156241" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "cloverly", "montana" ], "label": "Cloverly Formation · Montana · US", "occurrenceId": "533977", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sauropelta", "Tatankacephalus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sauropelta": [ "498255", "498869", "498870", "498874", "498885", "498896", "498935", "498936", "499157", "499159", "499166", "499616", "499640", "499697", "499708", "499858", "513857", "533977" ], "Tatankacephalus": [ "831052" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38827", "156241" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38840", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "273053", "526153", "38840", "294661" ], "candidateIds": [ "273053", "526153", "38840", "294661" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66616", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "66616" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "antlers" ], "label": "Antlers Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "247238", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sauroposeidon" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia", "Brontomerus", "Chubutisaurus", "Dasosaurus", "Ligabuesaurus", "Padillasaurus", "Triunfosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sauroposeidon": [ "247238" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66616" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38573", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64790", "38573", "243378", "168437" ], "candidateIds": [ "64790", "38573", "243378", "168437" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38567", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "132125", "38567" ], "candidateIds": [ "132125", "38567" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "347241", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148968", "347241", "148970" ], "candidateIds": [ "148968", "347241", "148970" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38801", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64405", "38801" ], "candidateIds": [ "64405", "38801" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "423027", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38647", "423027" ], "candidateIds": [ "38647", "423027" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57427", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38527", "57427" ], "candidateIds": [ "38527", "57427" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "240620", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "240620" ], "candidateIds": [ "240620" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66258", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "candidateIds": [ "63439", "63897", "38838", "374254", "66258" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38802", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "302025", "38802" ], "candidateIds": [ "302025", "38802" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38781", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "516650", "66592", "358686", "461658", "461656", "305972", "38781" ], "candidateIds": [ "38781" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "lago colhué huapi" ], "label": "Lago Colhué Huapi Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "561811", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Secernosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Ahshislesaurus", "Anasazisaurus", "Bonapartesaurus", "Huallasaurus", "Kelumapusaura", "Rhinorex" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Secernosaurus": [ "561811" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38781" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "322707", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "157362", "38652", "377354", "38648", "335602", "322707" ], "candidateIds": [ "157362", "38652", "377354", "38648", "322707" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "ZA", "elliot" ], "label": "Elliot Formation · ZA", "occurrenceId": "1283498", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Aardonyx", "Blikanasaurus", "Ledumahadi", "Melanorosaurus", "Sefapanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Meroktenos" ], "retainedCount": 5, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Aardonyx": [ "711596" ], "Blikanasaurus": [ "372891", "931128" ], "Ledumahadi": [ "1419237" ], "Melanorosaurus": [ "384555", "385301", "931162", "933817" ], "Sefapanosaurus": [ "1283498" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "157362", "38652", "377354", "38648", "322707" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38524", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38520", "38524" ], "candidateIds": [ "38520", "38524" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38711", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "38711" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "JP", "jobu" ], "label": "Jobu Formation · JP", "occurrenceId": "1345736", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Segnosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Enigmosaurus", "Erliansaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Nanshiungosaurus", "Neimongosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Suzhousaurus", "Therizinosaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Segnosaurus": [ "1345735", "1345736" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38711" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "165044", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "175491", "38643", "165044" ], "candidateIds": [ "175491", "38643", "165044" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "424526", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67278", "493365", "65253", "400665", "122466", "427244", "86836", "424526", "67276", "494766" ], "candidateIds": [ "424526" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "lago colhué huapi" ], "label": "Lago Colhué Huapi Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "899539", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sektensaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anabisetia", "Chakisaurus", "Gasparinisaura", "Isasicursor", "Macrogryphosaurus", "Mahuidacursor", "Notohypsilophodon", "Talenkauen", "Tietasaura" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sektensaurus": [ "519938", "899539" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "424526" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372484", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "255864", "38565", "68247", "372484", "193133" ], "candidateIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning" ], "label": "Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "1407965", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Eosinopteryx", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Caihong", "Paronychodon", "Pedopenna" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anchiornis": [ "829458", "929493", "1191912" ], "Eosinopteryx": [ "1097931" ], "Serikornis": [ "1407965" ], "Xiaotingia": [ "964027" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "52794", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57228", "302920", "484516", "84234", "500588", "68244", "52794" ], "candidateIds": [ "52794" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "MN", "dornogov" ], "label": "Dornogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "343953", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Shamosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bissektipelta", "Chuanqilong", "Datai", "Gobisaurus", "Huaxiazhoulong", "Liaoningosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Shamosaurus": [ "343953" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "52794" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "96499", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "299732", "146456", "523876", "68238", "96499", "68204", "391290" ], "candidateIds": [ "96499" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "öösh" ], "label": "Öösh Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "649434", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Shanag" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Changyuraptor", "Graciliraptor", "Jian", "Microraptor", "Sinornithosaurus", "Zhongjianosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Shanag": [ "649434" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "96499" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38776", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64256", "38776" ], "candidateIds": [ "64256", "38776" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68139", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68139" ], "candidateIds": [ "68139" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "161116", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38581", "161116" ], "candidateIds": [ "38581", "161116" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68333", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "146117", "245415", "156165", "68333" ], "candidateIds": [ "146117", "245415", "156165", "68333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "143653", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "496614", "143653", "38594", "519536" ], "candidateIds": [ "496614", "143653", "38594", "519536" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "359110", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57455", "64373", "359110", "294729" ], "candidateIds": [ "57455", "64373", "359110", "294729" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "424325", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267166", "424325" ], "candidateIds": [ "267166", "424325" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "87637", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "172314", "67258", "265586", "68047", "276172", "57025", "174100", "95490", "430728", "87637" ], "candidateIds": [ "87637" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "guangdong", "shixing" ], "label": "Shixing · Guangdong · CN", "occurrenceId": "620355", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Shixinggia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Banji", "Conchoraptor", "Ganzhousaurus", "Heyuannia", "Jiangxisaurus", "Khaan", "Machairasaurus", "Nemegtomaia", "Oksoko" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Shixinggia": [ "620355" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "87637" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "431993", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "444043", "185190", "431993", "90549", "38564" ], "candidateIds": [ "444043", "185190", "431993", "90549", "38564" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "370735", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38522", "370735", "38266" ], "candidateIds": [ "38522", "370735", "38266" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "84661", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "84661" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning", "beipiao" ], "label": "Beipiao · Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "602120", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Shuangmiaosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Shuangmiaosaurus": [ "602120" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "84661" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38660", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "52769", "67549", "514503", "519530", "270395", "38660" ], "candidateIds": [ "38660" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "chongqing" ], "label": "Chongqing · CN", "occurrenceId": "1635453", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Shunosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Datousaurus", "Ferganasaurus", "Huashanosaurus", "Jinchuanloong", "Nebulasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Shunosaurus": [ "1472811", "1635453" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38660" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66043", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "66043" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "djadokhta", "omnogov" ], "label": "Djadokhta Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "1271464", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Shuvuuia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Ceratonykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor", "Xixianykus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Shuvuuia": [ "389060", "502070", "1271464" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66043" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "295549", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "295549" ], "candidateIds": [ "295549" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56420", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56420" ], "candidateIds": [ "56420" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "399171", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "304520", "399171", "444000" ], "candidateIds": [ "304520", "399171", "444000" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "283700", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "345412", "283700" ], "candidateIds": [ "345412", "283700" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "371005", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "371005" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "RU", "ilek" ], "label": "Ilek Formation · RU", "occurrenceId": "1646473", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sibirotitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Dzharatitanis", "Gannansaurus", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Jiangxititan", "Liubangosaurus", "Sonidosaurus", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sibirotitan": [ "410862", "410863", "520764", "1646473" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "371005" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "481295", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66565", "89458", "515930", "496269", "507183", "251279", "282473", "378458", "57368", "481295", "89456" ], "candidateIds": [ "515930", "507183", "481295" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "huincul" ], "label": "Huincul Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1642294", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Astigmasaura", "Cienciargentina", "Sidersaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agustinia", "Amazonsaurus", "Campananeyen", "Comahuesaurus", "Katepensaurus", "Lavocatisaurus", "Rayososaurus", "Zapalasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Astigmasaura": [ "1604940" ], "Cienciargentina": [ "1379988" ], "Sidersaura": [ "1642293", "1642294" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "515930", "507183", "481295" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "444002", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "444002" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "hall lake", "new mexico" ], "label": "Hall Lake Formation · New Mexico · US", "occurrenceId": "1328513", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sierraceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Pentaceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sierraceratops": [ "1328513" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "444002" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66916", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66916" ], "candidateIds": [ "66916" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "81775", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "81775" ], "candidateIds": [ "81775" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "440880", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "38701", "440880" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "xinjiang" ], "label": "Xinjiang · CN", "occurrenceId": "1569366", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Euhelopus", "Silutitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Euhelopus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Euhelopus": [ "635864" ], "Silutitan": [ "1569366" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38701", "440880" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38828", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "38828" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "dakota" ], "label": "Dakota Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "367091", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Silvisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Silvisaurus": [ "367091" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38828" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "146461", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "146461", "452765" ], "candidateIds": [ "146461", "452765" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "424513", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "424513" ], "candidateIds": [ "424513" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "98810", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "candidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "444047", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267679", "444047", "38791" ], "candidateIds": [ "267679", "444047", "38791" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "168664", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "168664" ], "candidateIds": [ "168664" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "58888", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "candidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68341", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "370065", "66671", "38540", "519528", "38547", "176037", "68341" ], "candidateIds": [ "68341" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "ulansuhai" ], "label": "Ulansuhai Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "536615", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sinornithomimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aepyornithomimus", "Anserimimus", "Archaeornithomimus", "Dzharacursor", "Gallimimus", "Qiupalong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sinornithomimus": [ "536615" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68341" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68204", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "299732", "146456", "523876", "68238", "96499", "68204", "391290" ], "candidateIds": [ "68204" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "yixian", "liaoning", "yixian" ], "label": "Yixian Formation · Yixian · Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "824853", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sinornithosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Changyuraptor", "Graciliraptor", "Jian", "Microraptor", "Shanag", "Zhongjianosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sinornithosaurus": [ "824853" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68204" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54548", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "candidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38266", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38522", "370735", "38266" ], "candidateIds": [ "38522", "370735", "38266" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "198891", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "198891", "230946" ], "candidateIds": [ "198891", "230946" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64888", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "379315", "68249", "64888" ], "candidateIds": [ "379315", "68249", "64888" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54820", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54820" ], "candidateIds": [ "54820" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "84667", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "372126", "84667" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "yixian" ], "label": "Yixian Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "602122", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Daliansaurus", "Sinusonasus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides", "Gobivenator", "Harenadraco", "Papiliovenator", "Pectinodon", "Tochisaurus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Daliansaurus": [ "1589221" ], "Sinusonasus": [ "602122" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "372126", "84667" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372268", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "243348", "372268" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "TH", "nakhon ratchasima" ], "label": "Nakhon Ratchasima · TH", "occurrenceId": "895804", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ratchasimasaurus", "Sirindhorna" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ratchasimasaurus": [ "1066322" ], "Sirindhorna": [ "895804" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "243348", "372268" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "138555", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54523", "65415", "460113", "54531", "138555", "379317" ], "candidateIds": [ "54531", "138555" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "AR", "huincul", "lower" ], "label": "Lower Member · Huincul Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "790098", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Skorpiovenator" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Ilokelesia" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aucasaurus", "Ekrixinatosaurus", "Guemesia", "Thanos" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Skorpiovenator": [ "790098" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54531", "138555" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "431632", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "515983", "157545", "431632", "57363" ], "candidateIds": [ "515983", "157545", "431632", "57363" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "84657", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "84657" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "nei mongol" ], "label": "Nei Mongol · CN", "occurrenceId": "602116", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sonidosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Dzharatitanis", "Gannansaurus", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Jiangxititan", "Liubangosaurus", "Sibirotitan", "Yunmenglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sonidosaurus": [ "602116" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "84657" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68169", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163941", "64905", "68169", "66515" ], "candidateIds": [ "163941", "64905", "68169", "66515" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "359457", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "359457" ], "candidateIds": [ "359457" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "378441", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "378441" ], "candidateIds": [ "378441" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "438220", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "candidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "67681", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267728", "519375", "448078", "471621", "67681" ], "candidateIds": [ "267728", "519375", "448078", "471621", "67681" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "340978", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "266207", "340978", "215082" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "US", "judith river", "montana", "fergus" ], "label": "Judith River Formation · Fergus · Montana · US", "occurrenceId": "1328966", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Spiclypeus", "Vagaceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Judiceratops" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Pentaceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Spiclypeus": [ "1328966" ], "Vagaceratops": [ "1206792" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "266207", "340978", "215082" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "443991", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443991" ], "candidateIds": [ "443991" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "176574", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38657", "176574", "68535" ], "candidateIds": [ "38657", "176574", "68535" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "215069", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38854", "249800", "170627", "215069", "38860" ], "candidateIds": [ "38854", "249800", "170627", "215069", "38860" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38598", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38598" ], "candidateIds": [ "38598" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "71392", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38600", "71392" ], "candidateIds": [ "38600", "71392" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38508", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "candidateIds": [ "399807", "38511", "172072", "38508" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38787", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38786", "38790", "38787" ], "candidateIds": [ "38786", "38790", "38787" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "63885", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "38823", "63885" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "frontier", "wyoming" ], "label": "Frontier Formation · Wyoming · US", "occurrenceId": "292842", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Nodosaurus", "Stegopelta" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Tatankacephalus", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Nodosaurus": [ "297018" ], "Stegopelta": [ "292842" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38823", "63885" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38814", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68158", "153944", "142526", "38814", "38815", "494752" ], "candidateIds": [ "38814" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "US", "colorado", "jefferson" ], "label": "Jefferson · Colorado · US", "occurrenceId": "296498", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Stegosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Hesperosaurus", "Jiangjunosaurus", "Loricatosaurus", "Wuerhosaurus", "Yanbeilong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Stegosaurus": [ "296498" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38814" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "446235", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "466647", "446235" ], "candidateIds": [ "466647", "446235" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "418756", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170568", "340975", "437582", "38857", "418756", "324308", "249798" ], "candidateIds": [ "418756" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "two medicine", "flag butte" ], "label": "Flag Butte Member · Two Medicine Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1504186", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Stellasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Diabloceratops", "Machairoceratops", "Menefeeceratops", "Monoclonius", "Wendiceratops", "Xenoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Stellasaurus": [ "1504186" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "418756" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38863", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38863" ], "candidateIds": [ "38863" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38629", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38629" ], "candidateIds": [ "38629" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65372", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65372" ], "candidateIds": [ "65372" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38545", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38542", "520791", "38544", "378714", "38545", "347159" ], "candidateIds": [ "38544", "38545" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "dinosaur park" ], "label": "Dinosaur Park Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "2048277", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ornithomimus", "Struthiomimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dromiceiomimus", "Mexidracon", "Rativates", "Tototlmimus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ornithomimus": [ "467017", "975237", "1561896" ], "Struthiomimus": [ "517541", "1170329", "2048277" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38544", "38545" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38830", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "candidateIds": [ "38745", "66855", "38822", "52784", "38830" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38860", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38854", "249800", "170627", "215069", "38860" ], "candidateIds": [ "38854", "249800", "170627", "215069", "38860" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53367", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53367" ], "candidateIds": [ "53367" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56456", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "candidateIds": [ "498483", "38666", "38669", "319102", "56456" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "395956", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65079", "38605", "372448", "399346", "53212", "395956", "362111" ], "candidateIds": [ "395956" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "moreno hill" ], "label": "Moreno Hill Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "516838", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Suskityrannus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Appalachiosaurus", "Dryptosaurus", "Gualicho", "Moros", "Nanotyrannus", "Teihivenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Suskityrannus": [ "516838" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "395956" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57363", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "515983", "157545", "431632", "57363" ], "candidateIds": [ "515983", "157545", "431632", "57363" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "112901", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "112901" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "xiagou" ], "label": "Xiagou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "716387", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Suzhousaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Enigmosaurus", "Erliansaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Nanshiungosaurus", "Neimongosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Segnosaurus", "Therizinosaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Suzhousaurus": [ "716387" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "112901" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38835", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "38835", "68198" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baynshire", "dornogov" ], "label": "Baynshire Formation · Dornogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "2056792", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Talarurus", "Tsagantegia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta", "Eopinacosaurus", "Jinyunpelta", "Minotaurasaurus", "Pinacosaurus", "Saichania", "Tarchia", "Zaraapelta" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Talarurus": [ "741249", "2056792" ], "Tsagantegia": [ "535198", "1058647" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38835", "68198" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "67276", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67278", "493365", "65253", "400665", "122466", "427244", "86836", "424526", "67276", "494766" ], "candidateIds": [ "67276" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "cerro fortaleza" ], "label": "Cerro Fortaleza Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1671506", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Talenkauen" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anabisetia", "Chakisaurus", "Gasparinisaura", "Isasicursor", "Macrogryphosaurus", "Mahuidacursor", "Notohypsilophodon", "Sektensaurus", "Tietasaura" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Talenkauen": [ "520128", "1671506" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "67276" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "520797", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "428182", "484242", "520797" ], "candidateIds": [ "428182", "484242", "520797" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243378", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38573", "243378" ], "candidateIds": [ "38573", "243378" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "433861", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "433861" ], "candidateIds": [ "433861" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "302341", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "302341" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "JP", "ohyamashimo" ], "label": "Ohyamashimo Formation · JP", "occurrenceId": "984125", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tambatitanis" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tambatitanis": [ "984125" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "302341" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "505393", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38576", "123317", "505393" ], "candidateIds": [ "38576", "123317", "505393" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "58856", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "58856" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "LA", "grès supérieurs" ], "label": "Grès supérieurs Formation · LA", "occurrenceId": "457790", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tangvayosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Xianshanosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tangvayosaurus": [ "457789", "457790" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "58856" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38777", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "38777" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "shandong" ], "label": "Shandong · CN", "occurrenceId": "590514", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tanius" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tanius": [ "379966", "520034", "536205", "536240", "590514" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38777" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "294661", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "273053", "526153", "38840", "294661" ], "candidateIds": [ "273053", "526153", "38840", "294661" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "83022", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65913", "83022" ], "candidateIds": [ "65913", "83022" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "176783", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "176783", "488851", "488757" ], "candidateIds": [ "176783", "488851", "488757" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65137", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65137" ], "candidateIds": [ "65137" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53224", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53224", "182140" ], "candidateIds": [ "53224", "182140" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38836", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "38836" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "nemegt" ], "label": "Nemegt Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1604945", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tarchia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta", "Eopinacosaurus", "Jinyunpelta", "Minotaurasaurus", "Pinacosaurus", "Saichania", "Talarurus", "Tsagantegia", "Zaraapelta" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tarchia": [ "1058815", "1333020", "1604945" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38836" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "138439", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "356194", "477180", "138439" ], "candidateIds": [ "356194", "477180", "138439" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "156241", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "38827", "156241" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "cloverly", "montana" ], "label": "Cloverly Formation · Montana · US", "occurrenceId": "831052", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Sauropelta", "Tatankacephalus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Texasetes" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Sauropelta": [ "498255", "498869", "498870", "498874", "498885", "498896", "498935", "498936", "499157", "499159", "499166", "499616", "499640", "499697", "499708", "499858", "513857", "533977" ], "Tatankacephalus": [ "831052" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38827", "156241" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "273396", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57366", "38679", "273396" ], "candidateIds": [ "57366", "38679", "273396" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "345410", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38597", "38576", "54540", "440804", "77205", "345410", "58907" ], "candidateIds": [ "54540", "345410" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "AR", "río negro" ], "label": "Río Negro · AR", "occurrenceId": "1337635", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Giganotosaurus", "Taurovenator" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acrocanthosaurus", "Carcharodontosaurus", "Lajasvenator", "Mapusaurus", "Unquillosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Giganotosaurus": [ "1555680" ], "Taurovenator": [ "1337634", "1337635" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "54540", "345410" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "159718", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "candidateIds": [ "66908", "182712", "519767", "159718" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68535", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38657", "176574", "68535" ], "candidateIds": [ "38657", "176574", "68535" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38721", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470681", "68125", "466003", "398796", "38729", "119884", "38721" ], "candidateIds": [ "38721" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "cooper canyon" ], "label": "Cooper Canyon Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "562834", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Technosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Amanasaurus", "Eucoelophysis", "Gamatavus", "Kwanasaurus", "Pisanosaurus", "Sacisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Technosaurus": [ "562834" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38721" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66568", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66568" ], "candidateIds": [ "66568" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "362111", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65079", "38605", "372448", "399346", "53212", "395956", "362111" ], "candidateIds": [ "38605", "362111" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "navesink" ], "label": "Navesink Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1263271", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Dryptosaurus", "Teihivenator" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Dryptosaurus" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Appalachiosaurus", "Gualicho", "Moros", "Nanotyrannus", "Suskityrannus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Dryptosaurus": [ "558044" ], "Teihivenator": [ "1263271" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38605", "362111" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64068", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519378", "64068", "161197" ], "candidateIds": [ "519378", "64068", "161197" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "71876", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "425748", "71876" ], "candidateIds": [ "425748", "71876" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "352583", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "352583" ], "candidateIds": [ "352583" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38741", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "382686", "473883", "38741" ], "candidateIds": [ "382686", "473883", "38741" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "176780", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163807", "435346", "38627", "176780" ], "candidateIds": [ "163807", "435346", "38627", "176780" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "420729", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "461645", "420727", "38859", "420729" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "US", "kirtland", "hunter wash" ], "label": "Hunter Wash Member · Kirtland Formation · US", "occurrenceId": "1508959", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Navajoceratops", "Pentaceratops", "Terminocavus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Bisticeratops" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Utahceratops", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Navajoceratops": [ "1508958" ], "Pentaceratops": [ "1574093" ], "Terminocavus": [ "1508959" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "461645", "420727", "38859", "420729" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "161197", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519378", "64068", "161197" ], "candidateIds": [ "519378", "64068", "161197" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66851", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377303", "63698", "371999", "63919", "63700", "82623", "38252", "375361", "65206", "38823", "38825", "55998", "147029", "288407", "38827", "38828", "63885", "156241", "66851" ], "candidateIds": [ "66851" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "US", "pawpaw", "texas" ], "label": "Pawpaw Formation · Texas · US", "occurrenceId": "516830", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Texasetes" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acantholipan", "Animantarx", "Borealopelta", "Edmontonia", "Gastonia", "Glyptodontopelta", "Hoplitosaurus", "Invictarx", "Niobrarasaurus", "Nodosaurus", "Panoplosaurus", "Pawpawsaurus", "Peloroplites", "Propanoplosaurus", "Sauropelta", "Silvisaurus", "Stegopelta", "Tatankacephalus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Texasetes": [ "514906", "516830" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66851" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "424537", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38608", "424537" ], "candidateIds": [ "38608", "424537" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "379317", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54523", "65415", "460113", "54531", "138555", "379317" ], "candidateIds": [ "379317" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "são josé do rio preto" ], "label": "São José do Rio Preto Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1588709", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Thanos" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aucasaurus", "Ekrixinatosaurus", "Guemesia", "Ilokelesia", "Skorpiovenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Thanos": [ "1588709" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "379317" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53022", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "188978", "153775", "64391", "464563", "117152", "53022" ], "candidateIds": [ "53022" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "LS", "elliot" ], "label": "Elliot Formation · LS", "occurrenceId": "1163999", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Thecodontosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Arcusaurus", "Asylosaurus", "Efraasia", "Mbiresaurus", "Pantydraco" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Thecodontosaurus": [ "1163999" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "53022" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "104629", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163549", "178208", "178206", "104629" ], "candidateIds": [ "163549", "178208", "178206", "104629" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38553", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "38553" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "nemegt" ], "label": "Nemegt Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "1333017", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Therizinosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Enigmosaurus", "Erliansaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Nanshiungosaurus", "Neimongosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Segnosaurus", "Suzhousaurus", "Tiantaisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Therizinosaurus": [ "809200", "1333017" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38553" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38742", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "494305", "38739", "38742" ], "candidateIds": [ "494305", "38739", "38742" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "488755", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "422686", "38811", "488755" ], "candidateIds": [ "422686", "38811", "488755" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "491178", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "491178" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "açu" ], "label": "Açu Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1555653", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tiamat" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Yeneen" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tiamat": [ "1555653" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "491178" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "334833", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "506062", "68384", "68373", "66666", "54831", "68371", "461676", "38711", "112901", "38553", "334833" ], "candidateIds": [ "334833" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "laijia" ], "label": "Laijia Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1310933", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tiantaisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Duonychus", "Enigmosaurus", "Erliansaurus", "Erlikosaurus", "Nanshiungosaurus", "Neimongosaurus", "Paralitherizinosaurus", "Segnosaurus", "Suzhousaurus", "Therizinosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tiantaisaurus": [ "1310933" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "334833" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "143495", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "143495" ], "candidateIds": [ "143495" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "152529", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470203", "444049", "142706", "58873", "152529", "438217", "372130" ], "candidateIds": [ "152529" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning", "lingyuan" ], "label": "Lingyuan · Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "824852", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tianyuraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daurlong", "Kuru", "Luanchuanraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Wulong", "Zhenyuanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tianyuraptor": [ "824852" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "152529" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38703", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "54863", "66626", "38670", "38703" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "shishugou", "xinjiang" ], "label": "Shishugou Formation · Xinjiang · CN", "occurrenceId": "658311", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Bellusaurus", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Tienshanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Bellusaurus": [ "522076" ], "Klamelisaurus": [ "1107999" ], "Mamenchisaurus": [ "384334" ], "Tienshanosaurus": [ "522040", "557584", "658311" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Bellusaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-15" ], "Klamelisaurus": [ "asian-sauropod-16" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "54863", "66626", "38670", "38703" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "494766", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67278", "493365", "65253", "400665", "122466", "427244", "86836", "424526", "67276", "494766" ], "candidateIds": [ "494766" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "marfim" ], "label": "Marfim Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1660209", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tietasaura" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Anabisetia", "Chakisaurus", "Gasparinisaura", "Isasicursor", "Macrogryphosaurus", "Mahuidacursor", "Notohypsilophodon", "Sektensaurus", "Talenkauen" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tietasaura": [ "1660209" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "494766" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "57099", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57099" ], "candidateIds": [ "57099" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "348490", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38610", "58835", "424531", "509676", "154174", "348490", "146099" ], "candidateIds": [ "38610", "348490" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "UZ", "bissekty" ], "label": "Bissekty Formation · UZ", "occurrenceId": "1429045", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Alectrosaurus", "Timurlengia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dilong", "Jinbeisaurus", "Khankhuuluu", "Raptorex", "Xiongguanlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Alectrosaurus": [ "559629", "559631", "559634", "559637", "559646", "559647", "559670", "559674", "559694", "559719" ], "Timurlengia": [ "1429045" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38610", "348490" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "179222", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "candidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "488851", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "176783", "488851", "488757" ], "candidateIds": [ "176783", "488851", "488757" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "437584", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38766", "523874", "437584" ], "candidateIds": [ "38766", "523874", "437584" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66619", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "66619" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "nemegt" ], "label": "Nemegt Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "513489", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tochisaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides", "Daliansaurus", "Gobivenator", "Harenadraco", "Papiliovenator", "Pectinodon", "Sinusonasus", "Xixiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tochisaurus": [ "513489" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "66619" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "171374", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "38670", "38702", "171374" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "yimen" ], "label": "Yimen Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "887573", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tonganosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tonganosaurus": [ "887573" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38670", "38702", "171374" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "511034", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "511034" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "suining", "chongqing" ], "label": "Suining Formation · Chongqing · CN", "occurrenceId": "1703539", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tongnanlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tongnanlong": [ "1703539" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "511034" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "347523", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57023", "376005", "324065", "68396", "347523", "268663" ], "candidateIds": [ "376005", "324065", "347523" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "hekou" ], "label": "Hekou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1347766", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Corythoraptor", "Huanansaurus", "Tongtianlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Citipati", "Rinchenia", "Wulatelong" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Corythoraptor": [ "1417145" ], "Huanansaurus": [ "1285645" ], "Tongtianlong": [ "1347766" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "376005", "324065", "347523" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38695", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38666", "38695" ], "candidateIds": [ "38666", "38695" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38861", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "candidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38587", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "136689", "38583", "38587", "348314" ], "candidateIds": [ "136689", "38583", "38587", "348314" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "347159", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38542", "520791", "38544", "378714", "38545", "347159" ], "candidateIds": [ "347159" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MX", "packard shale" ], "label": "Packard Shale Formation · MX", "occurrenceId": "1345728", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tototlmimus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dromiceiomimus", "Mexidracon", "Ornithomimus", "Rativates", "Struthiomimus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tototlmimus": [ "1345728" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "347159" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "450832", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "candidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "471619", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "509330", "471619" ], "candidateIds": [ "509330", "471619" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "376161", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148965", "514971", "455622", "65424", "345444", "122475", "376161" ], "candidateIds": [ "376161" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1417544", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tratayenia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Aerosteon", "Joaquinraptor", "Maip", "Megaraptor", "Murusraptor", "Orkoraptor" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tratayenia": [ "1417544" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "376161" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "174549", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "346948", "184915", "109004", "55583", "287942", "174549" ], "candidateIds": [ "174549" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "343959", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Traukutitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroposeidon", "Drusilasaura", "Futalognkosaurus", "Mendozasaurus", "Quetecsaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Traukutitan": [ "343959" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "174549" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38862", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "candidateIds": [ "109480", "365325", "179222", "38861", "38862" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "432179", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "candidateIds": [ "133925", "140785", "249147", "64774", "432179" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "255009", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "334966", "255009" ], "candidateIds": [ "334966", "255009" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "350050", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "253236", "178321", "38688", "520235", "81714", "327236", "66616", "350050" ], "candidateIds": [ "350050" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "rio piranhas" ], "label": "Rio Piranhas Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1356022", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Triunfosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Astrophocaudia", "Brontomerus", "Chubutisaurus", "Dasosaurus", "Ligabuesaurus", "Padillasaurus", "Sauroposeidon" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Triunfosaurus": [ "1356022" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "350050" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38572", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470379", "38572", "518010" ], "candidateIds": [ "470379", "38572", "518010" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "90549", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "444043", "185190", "431993", "90549", "38564" ], "candidateIds": [ "444043", "185190", "431993", "90549", "38564" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68198", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "38835", "68198" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baynshire", "dornogov" ], "label": "Baynshire Formation · Dornogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "1058647", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Talarurus", "Tsagantegia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta", "Eopinacosaurus", "Jinyunpelta", "Minotaurasaurus", "Pinacosaurus", "Saichania", "Tarchia", "Zaraapelta" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Talarurus": [ "741249", "2056792" ], "Tsagantegia": [ "535198", "1058647" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38835", "68198" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38778", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64250", "38769", "38773", "271587", "38775", "72094", "38778" ], "candidateIds": [ "38778" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "jingangkou" ], "label": "Jingangkou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "536217", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Tsintaosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Amurosaurus", "Aralosaurus", "Jaxartosaurus", "Kazaklambia", "Nipponosaurus", "Olorotitan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Tsintaosaurus": [ "520035", "536204", "536209", "536217" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38778" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "466650", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65099", "466650" ], "candidateIds": [ "65099", "466650" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38549", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391220", "424533", "391295", "38549", "391218" ], "candidateIds": [ "391220", "424533", "391295", "38549", "391218" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38806", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38805", "38806", "153286" ], "candidateIds": [ "38805", "38806", "153286" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "67677", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "67677" ], "candidateIds": [ "67677" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "91327", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "409504", "57684", "91327", "294727" ], "candidateIds": [ "409504", "57684", "91327", "294727" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38791", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267679", "444047", "38791" ], "candidateIds": [ "267679", "444047", "38791" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "476925", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38551", "38548", "66669", "476925" ], "candidateIds": [ "38551", "38548", "66669", "476925" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38613", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38613" ], "candidateIds": [ "38613" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "77207", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "462127", "77207" ], "candidateIds": [ "462127", "77207" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "130181", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "70544", "436895", "276170", "427963", "505092", "89499", "122471", "273091", "140725", "427961", "68591", "130181" ], "candidateIds": [ "130181" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "serra da galga" ], "label": "Serra da Galga Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "772534", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Uberabatitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Adamantisaurus", "Arrudatitan", "Brasilotitan", "Bravasaurus", "Chadititan", "Maxakalisaurus", "Muyelensaurus", "Overosaurus", "Pitekunsaurus", "Punatitan", "Rinconsaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Uberabatitan": [ "772534" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "130181" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66584", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "candidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "488757", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "176783", "488851", "488757" ], "candidateIds": [ "176783", "488851", "488757" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "330232", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38761", "330232" ], "candidateIds": [ "38761", "330232" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "444000", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "304520", "399171", "444000" ], "candidateIds": [ "304520", "399171", "444000" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "62958", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "378959", "62958" ], "candidateIds": [ "378959", "62958" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65421", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "138547", "68201", "492469", "64530", "65421", "444041" ], "candidateIds": [ "64530", "65421" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "portezuelo" ], "label": "Portezuelo Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "534263", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Neuquenraptor", "Unenlagia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroraptor", "Buitreraptor", "Diuqin", "Ypupiara" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Neuquenraptor": [ "482022", "1555682" ], "Unenlagia": [ "489973", "534263" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "64530", "65421" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "228689", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "110946", "399801", "496386", "228691", "38849", "38850", "96088", "228689" ], "candidateIds": [ "228689" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "dinosaur park" ], "label": "Dinosaur Park Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "572962", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Unescoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Cerasinops", "Ferrisaurus", "Gremlin", "Gryphoceratops", "Leptoceratops", "Montanoceratops", "Prenoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Unescoceratops": [ "572962" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "228689" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "58907", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38597", "38576", "54540", "440804", "77205", "345410", "58907" ], "candidateIds": [ "58907" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "los blanquitos" ], "label": "Los Blanquitos Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "460036", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Unquillosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acrocanthosaurus", "Carcharodontosaurus", "Giganotosaurus", "Lajasvenator", "Mapusaurus", "Taurovenator" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Unquillosaurus": [ "460036" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "58907" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "522812", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "522812" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "TH", "kalasin", "kham muang" ], "label": "Kham Muang · Kalasin · TH", "occurrenceId": "2068252", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Uragasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Xinjiangtitan", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Uragasaurus": [ "2068252" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "522812" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "96667", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "candidateIds": [ "57019", "497493", "243255", "58888", "96667" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "505037", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "505037" ], "candidateIds": [ "505037" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "243363", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "243366", "243363" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "US", "kaiparowits" ], "label": "Kaiparowits Formation · US", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "ceratopsid-overlaps-1", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Kosmoceratops", "Utahceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Judiceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Pentaceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Spiclypeus", "Terminocavus", "Vagaceratops" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Kosmoceratops": [ "882009", "1066330" ], "Utahceratops": [ "646263", "882005", "882006", "882007", "882010", "882012", "882013", "882014", "882016" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Kosmoceratops": [ "ceratopsid-overlaps-1" ], "Utahceratops": [ "ceratopsid-overlaps-1" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "243366", "243363" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54557", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38562", "54557" ], "candidateIds": [ "38562", "54557" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "215082", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "112568", "38852", "38853", "461645", "38855", "170566", "266207", "243366", "420727", "38859", "444002", "340978", "420729", "243363", "215082" ], "candidateIds": [ "266207", "340978", "215082" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "US", "judith river", "montana", "fergus" ], "label": "Judith River Formation · Fergus · Montana · US", "occurrenceId": "1206792", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Spiclypeus", "Vagaceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Judiceratops" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agujaceratops", "Anchiceratops", "Arrhinoceratops", "Bisticeratops", "Chasmosaurus", "Coahuilaceratops", "Kosmoceratops", "Navajoceratops", "Pentaceratops", "Sierraceratops", "Terminocavus", "Utahceratops" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Spiclypeus": [ "1328966" ], "Vagaceratops": [ "1206792" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "266207", "340978", "215082" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "294729", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57455", "64373", "359110", "294729" ], "candidateIds": [ "57455", "64373", "359110", "294729" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38733", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38731", "321465", "38733" ], "candidateIds": [ "38731", "321465", "38733" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "397944", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58891", "472223", "502838", "397944" ], "candidateIds": [ "58891", "472223", "502838", "397944" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "65135", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170642", "92201", "66532", "65133", "58873", "65135" ], "candidateIds": [ "65133", "58873", "65135" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "FR", "provence-alpes-côte d'azur" ], "label": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur · FR", "occurrenceId": "297290", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Pyroraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Variraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [ "Richardoestesia" ], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Balaur", "Dromaeosauroides", "Nuthetes" ], "retainedCount": 3, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Pyroraptor": [ "487169" ], "Richardoestesia": [ "566029" ], "Variraptor": [ "297282", "297290" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "65133", "58873", "65135" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "387581", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66356", "387579", "387581" ], "candidateIds": [ "66356", "387579", "387581" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "426826", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38596", "68130", "426826" ], "candidateIds": [ "38596", "68130", "426826" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "479383", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "242781", "38736", "479383" ], "candidateIds": [ "242781", "38736", "479383" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "473894", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "473894" ], "candidateIds": [ "473894" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "454784", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "454784" ], "candidateIds": [ "454784" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "113861", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "candidateIds": [ "38760", "56405", "38763", "238546", "113861" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38519", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55542", "391299", "38519" ], "candidateIds": [ "55542", "391299", "38519" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38564", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "283585", "413090", "444043", "185190", "431993", "90549", "38564" ], "candidateIds": [ "38564" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "bayan mandahu" ], "label": "Bayan Mandahu Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "778835", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Velociraptor" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Acheroraptor", "Dineobellator", "Kansaignathus", "Linheraptor", "Shri", "Tsaagan" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Velociraptor": [ "778835" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38564" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "64901", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38630", "64901", "388269" ], "candidateIds": [ "38630", "64901", "388269" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66515", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "163941", "64905", "68169", "66515" ], "candidateIds": [ "163941", "64905", "68169", "66515" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "388269", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38630", "64901", "388269" ], "candidateIds": [ "38630", "64901", "388269" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "398129", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "398129" ], "candidateIds": [ "398129" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "336874", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54533", "472264", "491504", "435367", "53941", "54538", "336874" ], "candidateIds": [ "435367", "336874" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "1315654", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Llukalkan", "Viavenator" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Carnotaurus", "Elemgasem", "Koleken", "Pycnonemosaurus", "Quilmesaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Llukalkan": [ "1554597" ], "Viavenator": [ "1315654" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "435367", "336874" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "515479", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "candidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "379367", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "379367" ], "candidateIds": [ "379367" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38661", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38655", "38661" ], "candidateIds": [ "38655", "38661" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "352537", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38677", "81693", "65343", "352537" ], "candidateIds": [ "38677", "81693", "65343", "352537" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38650", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68475", "327196", "38650" ], "candidateIds": [ "68475", "327196", "38650" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "381043", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "381043" ], "candidateIds": [ "381043" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38797", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38794", "38797", "516669" ], "candidateIds": [ "38794", "38797", "516669" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "396013", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57103", "372639", "398669", "434090", "57101", "38750", "66575", "396013" ], "candidateIds": [ "398669", "396013" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AU", "griman creek" ], "label": "Griman Creek Formation · AU", "occurrenceId": "1467230", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Fostoria", "Weewarrasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Atlascopcosaurus", "Diluvicursor", "Galleonosaurus", "Leaellynasaura", "Muttaburrasaurus", "Qantassaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Fostoria": [ "1467235", "1479592" ], "Weewarrasaurus": [ "1467229", "1467230" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "398669", "396013" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "324308", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170568", "340975", "437582", "38857", "418756", "324308", "249798" ], "candidateIds": [ "38857", "324308" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CA", "oldman", "alberta" ], "label": "Oldman Formation · Alberta · CA", "occurrenceId": "1286265", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Monoclonius", "Wendiceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Diabloceratops", "Machairoceratops", "Menefeeceratops", "Stellasaurus", "Xenoceratops" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Monoclonius": [ "604472", "1379795", "1390597", "1390599", "1390600" ], "Wendiceratops": [ "1286265" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38857", "324308" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "348314", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "136689", "38583", "38587", "348314" ], "candidateIds": [ "136689", "38583", "38587", "348314" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "148970", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "148968", "347241", "148970" ], "candidateIds": [ "148968", "347241", "148970" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519380", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519380", "519549" ], "candidateIds": [ "519380", "519549" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38815", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38814", "38815", "494752" ], "candidateIds": [ "38814", "38815", "494752" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "118312", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "118312" ], "candidateIds": [ "118312" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "268663", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57023", "376005", "324065", "68396", "347523", "268663" ], "candidateIds": [ "268663" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "wulansuhai" ], "label": "Wulansuhai Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1138013", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Wulatelong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Citipati", "Corythoraptor", "Huanansaurus", "Rinchenia", "Tongtianlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Wulatelong": [ "1138013" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "268663" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "438217", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470203", "444049", "142706", "58873", "152529", "438217", "372130" ], "candidateIds": [ "438217" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "jiufotang" ], "label": "Jiufotang Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1561497", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Wulong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daurlong", "Kuru", "Luanchuanraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Tianyuraptor", "Zhenyuanlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Wulong": [ "1561497" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "438217" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "249798", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "170568", "340975", "437582", "38857", "418756", "324308", "249798" ], "candidateIds": [ "38857", "249798" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CA", "foremost" ], "label": "Foremost Formation · CA", "occurrenceId": "1081719", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Xenoceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Monoclonius" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Diabloceratops", "Machairoceratops", "Menefeeceratops", "Stellasaurus", "Wendiceratops" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Xenoceratops": [ "1081719" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38857", "249798" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "111394", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68179", "111394" ], "candidateIds": [ "68179", "111394" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56393", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "candidateIds": [ "443993", "438220", "450832", "515479", "56393" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "518010", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470379", "38572", "518010" ], "candidateIds": [ "470379", "38572", "518010" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519549", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519380", "519549" ], "candidateIds": [ "519380", "519549" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "202272", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "166380", "202272" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "henan" ], "label": "Henan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1172079", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ruyangosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Gobititan", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Qiaowanlong", "Ruixinia", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Yongjinglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ruyangosaurus": [ "862206" ], "Xianshanosaurus": [ "1172079" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "166380", "202272" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "53226", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "474946", "519526", "424322", "53226", "52891" ], "candidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "53226", "52891" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "shaximiao" ], "label": "Shaximiao Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "402865", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Agilisaurus", "Hexinlusaurus", "Xiaosaurus", "Yandusaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Minimocursor", "Pulaosaurus", "Sanxiasaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Agilisaurus": [ "402860" ], "Hexinlusaurus": [ "402859" ], "Xiaosaurus": [ "402865" ], "Yandusaurus": [ "545083", "1404246" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "57222", "71336", "53226", "52891" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "193133", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "155058", "372275", "255864", "38565", "68247", "372484", "193133" ], "candidateIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning" ], "label": "Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "964027", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Anchiornis", "Eosinopteryx", "Serikornis", "Xiaotingia" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Caihong", "Paronychodon", "Pedopenna" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Anchiornis": [ "829458", "929493", "1191912" ], "Eosinopteryx": [ "1097931" ], "Serikornis": [ "1407965" ], "Xiaotingia": [ "964027" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "155058", "255864", "372484", "193133" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "452765", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "146461", "452765" ], "candidateIds": [ "146461", "452765" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "371887", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66643", "423007", "64137", "502297", "477695", "371887", "385703", "56630" ], "candidateIds": [ "371887", "56630" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "yunnan", "chuxiong yi" ], "label": "Chuxiong Yi · Yunnan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1406778", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Xingxiulong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [ "Yunnanosaurus" ], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gongxianosaurus", "Irisosaurus", "Jingshanosaurus", "Lishulong", "Qianlong", "Yizhousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Xingxiulong": [ "1406778" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "371887", "56630" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "287379", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "287379" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "qigu", "xinjiang" ], "label": "Qigu Formation · Xinjiang · CN", "occurrenceId": "1190808", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Xinjiangtitan" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Eomamenchisaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Xinjiangtitan": [ "1190808" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "287379" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "146099", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38610", "58835", "424531", "509676", "154174", "348490", "146099" ], "candidateIds": [ "146099" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "gansu" ], "label": "Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": "810684", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Xiongguanlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Alectrosaurus", "Dilong", "Jinbeisaurus", "Khankhuuluu", "Raptorex", "Timurlengia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Xiongguanlong": [ "810684" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "146099" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "165127", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "177464", "145604", "473892", "479065", "461663", "175493", "53210", "455665", "68182", "66043", "165127" ], "candidateIds": [ "165127" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "majiacun" ], "label": "Majiacun Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "854418", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Xixianykus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Albinykus", "Ceratonykus", "Dzharaonyx", "Jaculinykus", "Khulsanurus", "Linhenykus", "Mononykus", "Ondogurvel", "Parvicursor", "Shuvuuia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Xixianykus": [ "854418" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "165127" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "173882", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391227", "65529", "372126", "287652", "494700", "444045", "38570", "84667", "66619", "173882" ], "candidateIds": [ "173882" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "majiacun" ], "label": "Majiacun Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "902093", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Xixiasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Almas", "Archaeornithoides", "Daliansaurus", "Gobivenator", "Harenadraco", "Papiliovenator", "Pectinodon", "Sinusonasus", "Tochisaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Xixiasaurus": [ "902093" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "173882" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "173567", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "173567" ], "candidateIds": [ "173567" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "391218", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "391220", "424533", "391295", "38549", "391218" ], "candidateIds": [ "391220", "424533", "391295", "38549", "391218" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38588", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38588" ], "candidateIds": [ "38588" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "153948", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55579", "333388", "153948", "90117" ], "candidateIds": [ "55579", "333388", "153948", "90117" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "445635", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "candidateIds": [ "519760", "68220", "98810", "54548", "445635" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "176313", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "176311", "176313" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "xiagou", "gansu" ], "label": "Xiagou Formation · Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": "915093", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Jintasaurus", "Xuwulong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Yunganglong", "Zhanghenglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Jintasaurus": [ "915091" ], "Xuwulong": [ "915093" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "176311", "176313" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "85967", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55575", "66588", "94031", "426795", "67673", "55581", "328822", "498078", "85967" ], "candidateIds": [ "85967" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "MN", "javkhlant" ], "label": "Javkhlant Formation · MN", "occurrenceId": "749715", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yamaceratops" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Archaeoceratops", "Asiaceratops", "Auroraceratops", "Beg", "Graciliceratops", "Liaoceratops", "Mosaiceratops", "Sasayamagnomus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yamaceratops": [ "749715", "2056791" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "85967" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "400333", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "candidateIds": [ "38683", "65534", "461989", "66612", "400333" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "436555", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38762", "436555" ], "candidateIds": [ "38762", "436555" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "494752", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38814", "38815", "494752" ], "candidateIds": [ "38814", "38815", "494752" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "52891", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "57222", "71336", "474946", "519526", "424322", "53226", "52891" ], "candidateIds": [ "52891" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "sichuan", "kaijiang" ], "label": "Kaijiang · Sichuan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1404246", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yandusaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agilisaurus", "Hexinlusaurus", "Minimocursor", "Pulaosaurus", "Sanxiasaurus", "Xiaosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yandusaurus": [ "1404246" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "52891" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38594", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "496614", "143653", "38594", "519536" ], "candidateIds": [ "496614", "143653", "38594", "519536" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "378712", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55538", "378710", "475401", "273963", "378712" ], "candidateIds": [ "55538", "378710", "475401", "273963", "378712" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "517595", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "58917", "38686", "379935", "153725", "360505", "38690", "140853", "201024", "433849", "201030", "491178", "517595" ], "candidateIds": [ "517595" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "bajo de la carpa" ], "label": "Bajo de la Carpa Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "2048890", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yeneen" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Andesaurus", "Argyrosaurus", "Baalsaurus", "Barrosasaurus", "Choconsaurus", "Laplatasaurus", "Malarguesaurus", "Narambuenatitan", "Ninjatitan", "Petrobrasaurus", "Tiamat" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yeneen": [ "2048890" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "517595" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "319908", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "424315", "319908" ], "candidateIds": [ "424315", "319908" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68585", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "68585" ], "candidateIds": [ "68585" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "153286", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38805", "38806", "153286" ], "candidateIds": [ "38805", "38806", "153286" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "90117", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "55579", "333388", "153948", "90117" ], "candidateIds": [ "55579", "333388", "153948", "90117" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "68234", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "473499", "68234" ], "candidateIds": [ "473499", "68234" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "385703", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66643", "423007", "64137", "502297", "477695", "371887", "385703", "56630" ], "candidateIds": [ "385703", "56630" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "member", "key": [ "CN", "lufeng", "zhangjia'ao" ], "label": "Zhangjia'ao Member · Lufeng Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1439378", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yizhousaurus", "Yunnanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gongxianosaurus", "Irisosaurus", "Jingshanosaurus", "Lishulong", "Qianlong", "Xingxiulong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yizhousaurus": [ "1439378" ], "Yunnanosaurus": [ "621561", "621562", "735736", "735737", "735738", "735805", "735806", "735808", "1092253", "1092255", "1092256", "1092257" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "385703", "56630" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "288219", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "154995", "72376", "38701", "84665", "71976", "520784", "56409", "153669", "465375", "166380", "440880", "302341", "58856", "202272", "288219" ], "candidateIds": [ "154995", "84665", "153669", "288219" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "gansu" ], "label": "Gansu · CN", "occurrenceId": "1587594", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Daxiatitan", "Gobititan", "Qiaowanlong", "Yongjinglong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Erketu", "Euhelopus", "Huabeisaurus", "Nagatitan", "Phuwiangosaurus", "Ruixinia", "Ruyangosaurus", "Silutitan", "Tambatitanis", "Tangvayosaurus", "Xianshanosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 4, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Daxiatitan": [ "829375" ], "Gobititan": [ "602121" ], "Qiaowanlong": [ "826709" ], "Yongjinglong": [ "1587594" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Daxiatitan": [ "asian-sauropod-12", "complete-829375" ], "Yongjinglong": [ "asian-sauropod-12", "complete-1587594" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "154995", "84665", "153669", "288219" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "444041", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "138547", "68201", "492469", "64530", "65421", "444041" ], "candidateIds": [ "444041" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "BR", "serra da galga" ], "label": "Serra da Galga Formation · BR", "occurrenceId": "1581445", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Ypupiara" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Austroraptor", "Buitreraptor", "Diuqin", "Neuquenraptor", "Unenlagia" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Ypupiara": [ "1581445" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "444041" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "519536", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "496614", "143653", "38594", "519536" ], "candidateIds": [ "496614", "143653", "38594", "519536" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "84655", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "56458", "414475", "376757", "54863", "71525", "146463", "153855", "309607", "58889", "484710", "66626", "38670", "38702", "446268", "38703", "171374", "511034", "522812", "287379", "84655" ], "candidateIds": [ "153855", "84655" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "zhanghe", "yunnan", "yuanmou" ], "label": "Zhanghe Formation · Yuanmou · Yunnan · CN", "occurrenceId": "602115", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Eomamenchisaurus", "Yuanmousaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Abrosaurus", "Analong", "Anhuilong", "Bellusaurus", "Chuanjiesaurus", "Daanosaurus", "Huangshanlong", "Hudiesaurus", "Jingiella", "Klamelisaurus", "Mamenchisaurus", "Omeisaurus", "Rhomaleopakhus", "Tienshanosaurus", "Tonganosaurus", "Tongnanlong", "Uragasaurus", "Xinjiangtitan" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Eomamenchisaurus": [ "826867" ], "Yuanmousaurus": [ "602115" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "153855", "84655" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "502773", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38615", "66065", "64890", "261035", "66067", "502773" ], "candidateIds": [ "502773" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "miaogou" ], "label": "Miaogou Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1685059", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yuanyanglong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Avimimus", "Caudipteryx", "Incisivosaurus", "Ningyuansaurus", "Protarchaeopteryx" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yuanyanglong": [ "1685059" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "502773" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "267714", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "186989", "172023", "267714" ], "candidateIds": [ "186989", "172023", "267714" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "255219", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "candidateIds": [ "381603", "172316", "284308", "38559", "255219" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "280675", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "280675", "372420" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "zhumapu", "shanxi" ], "label": "Zhumapu Formation · Shanxi · CN", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-7", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yunganglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Zhanghenglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yunganglong": [ "1179352" ], "Zuoyunlong": [ "1407893" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Yunganglong": [ "asian-sauropod-7" ], "Zuoyunlong": [ "asian-sauropod-8" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "280675", "372420" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "268506", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153807", "433625", "273049", "133726", "66074", "477081", "176039", "371005", "84657", "268506" ], "candidateIds": [ "268506" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "state", "key": [ "CN", "henan" ], "label": "Henan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1137186", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yunmenglong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Dongbeititan", "Dzharatitanis", "Gannansaurus", "Huanghetitan", "Jiangshanosaurus", "Jiangxititan", "Liubangosaurus", "Sibirotitan", "Sonidosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yunmenglong": [ "1137186" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "268506" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "56630", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66643", "423007", "64137", "502297", "477695", "371887", "385703", "56630" ], "candidateIds": [ "56630" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_county", "key": [ "CN", "fengjiahe", "yunnan", "yuanmou" ], "label": "Fengjiahe Formation · Yuanmou · Yunnan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1574690", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yunnanosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Gongxianosaurus", "Irisosaurus", "Jingshanosaurus", "Lishulong", "Qianlong", "Xingxiulong", "Yizhousaurus" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yunnanosaurus": [ "1574690" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "56630" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "425462", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "65680", "52766", "66392", "425462" ], "candidateIds": [ "65680", "52766", "66392", "425462" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "235251", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "235251", "52959" ], "candidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "235251", "52959" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "230946", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "198891", "230946" ], "candidateIds": [ "198891", "230946" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "457656", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "457656" ], "candidateIds": [ "457656" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "463192", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "523878", "171376", "463192" ], "candidateIds": [ "523878", "171376", "463192" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66740", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "434088", "64755", "381506", "66740" ], "candidateIds": [ "434088", "64755", "381506", "66740" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "168437", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "64790", "38573", "168437" ], "candidateIds": [ "64790", "38573", "168437" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "89456", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66565", "89458", "515930", "496269", "507183", "251279", "282473", "378458", "57368", "481295", "89456" ], "candidateIds": [ "89456" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "AR", "la amarga" ], "label": "La Amarga Formation · AR", "occurrenceId": "624237", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Zapalasaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Agustinia", "Amazonsaurus", "Astigmasaura", "Campananeyen", "Cienciargentina", "Comahuesaurus", "Katepensaurus", "Lavocatisaurus", "Rayososaurus", "Sidersaura" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Zapalasaurus": [ "624237" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "89456" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "52959", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "235251", "52959" ], "candidateIds": [ "333797", "331109", "38566", "235251", "52959" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372001", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "437081", "525233", "372003", "148132", "38833", "38834", "38835", "38836", "68198", "372001" ], "candidateIds": [ "38835", "372001" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "MN", "baynshire", "omnogov" ], "label": "Baynshire Formation · Omnogov · MN", "occurrenceId": "1407042", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Talarurus", "Zaraapelta" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Crichtonpelta", "Eopinacosaurus", "Jinyunpelta", "Minotaurasaurus", "Pinacosaurus", "Saichania", "Tarchia", "Tsagantegia" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Talarurus": [ "513492" ], "Zaraapelta": [ "1407042" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "38835", "372001" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "516669", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38794", "38797", "516669" ], "candidateIds": [ "38794", "38797", "516669" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "294727", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "409504", "57684", "91327", "294727" ], "candidateIds": [ "409504", "57684", "91327", "294727" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "38743", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "candidateIds": [ "267486", "472262", "64337", "103709", "38743" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "296574", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "296574" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "henan", "xixia" ], "label": "Xixia · Henan · CN", "occurrenceId": "1210224", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Zhanghenglong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Yunganglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Zhanghenglong": [ "1210224" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "296574" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372130", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "470203", "444049", "142706", "58873", "152529", "438217", "372130" ], "candidateIds": [ "372130" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "county", "key": [ "CN", "liaoning", "jianchang" ], "label": "Jianchang · Liaoning · CN", "occurrenceId": "1407226", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Zhenyuanlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Daurlong", "Kuru", "Luanchuanraptor", "Richardoestesia", "Tianyuraptor", "Wulong" ], "retainedCount": 1, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Zhenyuanlong": [ "1407226" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "372130" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "391290", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "299732", "146456", "523876", "68238", "96499", "68204", "391290" ], "candidateIds": [ "68238", "391290" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation", "key": [ "CN", "jiufotang" ], "label": "Jiufotang Formation · CN", "occurrenceId": "1542826", "literatureId": null, "typeContext": true }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Microraptor", "Zhongjianosaurus" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Changyuraptor", "Graciliraptor", "Jian", "Shanag", "Sinornithosaurus" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Microraptor": [ "535893", "536667", "537524", "739676", "877685", "887577", "1069459", "1206289", "1342709", "1452819" ], "Zhongjianosaurus": [ "1542826" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": {} }, "remainingIds": [ "68238", "391290" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "130179", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "523883", "38565", "130179" ], "candidateIds": [ "523883", "38565", "130179" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "172379", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "candidateIds": [ "153895", "342025", "176309", "66584", "172379" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "371019", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "133088", "371019" ], "candidateIds": [ "133088", "371019" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "182140", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "53224", "182140" ], "candidateIds": [ "53224", "182140" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "320257", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "377176", "320257" ], "candidateIds": [ "377176", "320257" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "66590", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "66590" ], "candidateIds": [ "66590" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "179004", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "179004" ], "candidateIds": [ "179004" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "372420", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38770", "245643", "338860", "58926", "68188", "38772", "385121", "325973", "519175", "176311", "314250", "148874", "153946", "68242", "137366", "318944", "38752", "503600", "243348", "84661", "372268", "38777", "176313", "280675", "296574", "372420" ], "candidateIds": [ "280675", "372420" ], "support": [ { "anchor": { "field": "formation_state", "key": [ "CN", "zhumapu", "shanxi" ], "label": "Zhumapu Formation · Shanxi · CN", "occurrenceId": null, "literatureId": "asian-sauropod-8", "typeContext": false }, "comparison": { "knownMatches": [ "Yunganglong", "Zuoyunlong" ], "qualifiedOnlyMatches": [], "unknownMetadata": [], "provisionalNonMatches": [ "Bactrosaurus", "Batyrosaurus", "Datonglong", "Equijubus", "Fukuisaurus", "Gilmoreosaurus", "Gobihadros", "Gongpoquansaurus", "Haolong", "Jintasaurus", "Koshisaurus", "Levnesovia", "Nanningosaurus", "Nanyangosaurus", "Penelopognathus", "Plesiohadros", "Probactrosaurus", "Qianjiangsaurus", "Ratchasimasaurus", "Shuangmiaosaurus", "Sirindhorna", "Tanius", "Xuwulong", "Zhanghenglong" ], "retainedCount": 2, "occurrenceIdsByGenus": { "Yunganglong": [ "1179352" ], "Zuoyunlong": [ "1407893" ] }, "literatureIdsByGenus": { "Yunganglong": [ "asian-sauropod-7" ], "Zuoyunlong": [ "asian-sauropod-8" ] } }, "remainingIds": [ "280675", "372420" ] } ], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "54098", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "54098" ], "candidateIds": [ "54098" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. Every recorded non-primary/qualified footprint and relevant missing field retained." }, { "targetId": "363977", "status": "within five", "initialCandidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "candidateIds": [ "38837", "68007", "257757", "363977" ], "support": [], "scope": "Complete standard clues; conservative blind sibling group before spending one of its guesses. 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