{
  "title": "Nodosauridae targeted primary-source locality review",
  "asOf": "2026-10-10",
  "scope": {
    "poolGeneraReviewed": 25,
    "AmericasPool": 20,
    "EuropePool": 5,
    "parentRoster": 32,
    "otherParentGeneraNotIndividuallyReviewed": [
      "Dongyangopelta",
      "Gargoyleosaurus",
      "Hoplosaurus",
      "Hylosaurus",
      "Nipponopelta",
      "Sauroplites",
      "Taohelong"
    ]
  },
  "coverageStatement": "Positive formation/locality checks for all 25 genera in the two crowded pools, with access depth recorded per source. This is not an exhaustive specimen/referral review, and does not scientifically establish absence from any other formation. No live answer eligibility is approved by this file.",
  "semantics": {
    "preferredAnchor": "Use a verified type-specimen locality when choosing the answer’s anchor. Label it as type locality, not first discovery, unless the first discovery is independently documented.",
    "foundInMembership": "A found-in clue retains all candidates with a documented or credible uncertain occurrence in that place, regardless of their preferred/type locality.",
    "unknownMembership": "Missing records are unknown, never negative proof. Other pool members and source-pending relatives require review before any elimination is enabled.",
    "overlapCounts": "Positive-match counts are lower bounds until all compared footprints are reviewed. Do not call them guaranteed remaining candidate counts."
  },
  "sources": {
    "mexico2018": {
      "title": "Rivera-Sylva et al. (2018), Paleodiversity of Late Cretaceous Ankylosauria from Mexico and their phylogenetic significance",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13358-018-0153-1",
      "doi": "10.1007/s13358-018-0153-1",
      "access": "full paper, type horizon/locality read",
      "authorCopy": "https://www.semahn.chiapas.gob.mx/portal/media/paleontologia/articulos/2018/Rivera_Sylva_2018.pdf"
    },
    "cedar1999": {
      "title": "Carpenter et al. (1999), Ankylosaurs of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, and their stratigraphic distribution",
      "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314880704_Ankylosaurs_Dinosauria_Ornithischia_of_the_Cedar_Mountain_Formation_Utah_and_their_stratigraphic_distribution",
      "access": "full primary paper; Type Locality, p.244: Carol Site 42EM366V, Mussentuchit Member"
    },
    "boreal2017": {
      "title": "Brown et al. (2017), An Exceptionally Preserved Three-Dimensional Armored Dinosaur Reveals Insights into Coloration and Cretaceous Predator-Prey Dynamics",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982217308084",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.071",
      "access": "indexed primary article stratigraphic text"
    },
    "panop2026": {
      "title": "Livius et al. (2026), Redescription of the Panoplosaurus mirus holotype skull using computed tomography, and a new comparative scheme for panoplosaurin cranial ornamentation",
      "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2026.2636589",
      "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2026.2636589",
      "access": "full paper, systematic palaeontology and biostratigraphy read",
      "authorCopy": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_r/2026/Redescription_Panoplosaurus_2026.pdf"
    },
    "gastonia2016": {
      "title": "Kinneer, Carpenter & Shaw (2016), Redescription of Gastonia burgei and description of a new species",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2016/0605",
      "doi": "10.1127/njgpa/2016/0605",
      "access": "author-uploaded full paper, introduction, locality descriptions and discussion read",
      "authorCopy": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308878540_Redescription_of_Gastonia_burgei_Dinosauria_Ankylosauria_Polacanthidae_and_description_of_a_new_species"
    },
    "glypto2008": {
      "title": "Burns (2008), Taxonomic utility of ankylosaur osteoderms: Glyptodontopelta mimus Ford, 2000: a test case",
      "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1102",
      "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1102",
      "access": "publisher abstract / indexed primary article text"
    },
    "invict2018": {
      "title": "McDonald & Wolfe (2018), A new nodosaurid ankylosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Menefee Formation of New Mexico",
      "url": "https://peerj.com/articles/5435/",
      "doi": "10.7717/peerj.5435",
      "access": "indexed primary article locality and comparison text",
      "authorCopy": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6110256/"
    },
    "niobrara1995": {
      "title": "Carpenter, Dilkes & Weishampel (1995), The Dinosaurs of the Niobrara Chalk Formation",
      "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1995.10011230",
      "doi": "10.1080/02724634.1995.10011230",
      "access": "publisher abstract / indexed primary article text"
    },
    "japan2005": {
      "title": "Hayakawa, Manabe & Carpenter (2005), Nodosaurid Ankylosaur from the Cenomanian of Japan",
      "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249023613_Nodosaurid_Ankylosaur_from_the_Cenomanian_of_Japan",
      "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0240:NAFTCO]2.0.CO;2",
      "access": "author-uploaded primary article Table 1 read; North American horizons compile Carpenter & Kirkland 1998"
    },
    "patag2022": {
      "title": "Riguetti et al. (2022), A new small-bodied ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North Patagonia",
      "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14772019.2022.2137441",
      "doi": "10.1080/14772019.2022.2137441",
      "access": "publisher abstract / indexed primary article text"
    },
    "patag2025": {
      "title": "Agnolín et al. (2025 online / 2026 issue), New remains of the armored dinosaur Patagopelta cristata from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina",
      "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2025.2583504",
      "doi": "10.1080/08912963.2025.2583504",
      "access": "publisher abstract / indexed primary article text"
    },
    "paw1996": {
      "title": "Lee (1996), A new nodosaurid ankylosaur from the Paw Paw Formation (Late Albian) of Texas",
      "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1996.10011311",
      "doi": "10.1080/02724634.1996.10011311",
      "access": "publisher abstract / indexed primary article text"
    },
    "peloro2008": {
      "title": "Carpenter et al. (2008), Ankylosaurs from the Price River Quarries, Cedar Mountain Formation, east-central Utah",
      "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089",
      "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089",
      "access": "full primary paper, Introduction and Type Locality and Stratum read"
    },
    "prop2011": {
      "title": "Stanford, Weishampel & DeLeon (2011), The first hatchling dinosaur reported from the eastern United States: Propanoplosaurus marylandicus",
      "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/first-hatchling-dinosaur-reported-from-the-eastern-united-states-propanoplosaurus-marylandicus-dinosauria-ankylosauria-from-the-early-cretaceous-of-maryland-usa/AC396BEAED74C1AC63F0D0FA237CC706",
      "doi": "10.1666/10-113.1",
      "access": "publisher abstract / indexed primary article text"
    },
    "tatanka2009": {
      "title": "Parsons & Parsons (2009), A new ankylosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of central Montana",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/E09-045",
      "doi": "10.1139/E09-045",
      "access": "primary article abstract read via author research listing",
      "authorCopy": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233592535_A_new_ankylosaur_Dinosauria_Ankylosauria_from_the_Lower_Cretaceous_Cloverly_Formation_of_central_Montana"
    },
    "texas1995": {
      "title": "Coombs (1995), A Nodosaurid Ankylosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Texas",
      "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1995.10011231",
      "doi": "10.1080/02724634.1995.10011231",
      "access": "publisher abstract / indexed primary article text"
    },
    "england1999": {
      "title": "Pereda-Suberbiola & Barrett (1999), A systematic review of ankylosaurian dinosaur remains from the Albian-Cenomanian of England",
      "url": "https://palass.org/sites/default/files/media/publications/special_papers_in_palaeontology/number_60/SPP60_compressed_OCR_0.pdf",
      "doi": null,
      "access": "full paper pp.177-208; Anoplosaurus type locality and comparative introduction read"
    },
    "dakotadon2015": {
      "title": "Boyd & Pagnac (2015), Insight on the anatomy, systematic relationships, and age of Dakotadon lakotaensis",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4582955/",
      "doi": "10.7717/peerj.1263",
      "access": "indexed primary article Lakota dinosaur occurrence discussion"
    },
    "wealden2020": {
      "title": "Raven et al. (2020), Osteology and Taxonomy of British Wealden Supergroup Ankylosaurs",
      "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2020.1826956",
      "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2020.1826956",
      "access": "full published chapter reproduced in author thesis read, including type localities and taxonomic conclusions",
      "authorCopy": "https://cris.brighton.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/23893138/Raven_PhD_Thesis.pdf"
    },
    "hungaro2005": {
      "title": "Ősi (2005), Hungarosaurus tormai, a new ankylosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary",
      "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282005%29025%5B0370%3AHTANAD%5D2.0.CO%3B2",
      "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0370:HTANAD]2.0.CO;2",
      "access": "publisher abstract / indexed primary article text"
    },
    "hungary2013": {
      "title": "Ősi & Prondvai (2013), Sympatry of two ankylosaurs (Hungarosaurus and cf. Struthiosaurus) in the Santonian of Hungary",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667113000554",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.cretres.2013.03.006",
      "access": "full author manuscript, collection locality and qualified identification read",
      "authorCopy": "https://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/104972671/_si_et_Prondvai_2013_Ankylosaur_sympatry_at_Ihark_t.pdf"
    },
    "struth2022": {
      "title": "Schade et al. (2022), Neuroanatomy of the nodosaurid Struthiosaurus austriacus",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-03599-9",
      "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-03599-9",
      "access": "indexed primary article type material locality text"
    },
    "silviMuseum": {
      "title": "University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, Silvisaurus state land fossil",
      "url": "https://biodiversity.ku.edu/news/article/2023/04/10/kansas-designates-silvisaurus-condrayi-official-state-land-fossil",
      "doi": null,
      "access": "institutional collection authority; original Eaton 1960 not independently accessed"
    },
    "cross2026": {
      "title": "Cross et al. (2026), Reclassification of ankylosaurs with ambiguous taxonomy using tooth morphometrics",
      "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/206/4/zlag068/8661487",
      "doi": "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag068",
      "access": "full primary article, Table 1: Peloroplites CEUM 34580, Ruby Ranch Member; does not establish an additional Yellow Cat occurrence"
    }
  },
  "genusChecks": [
    {
      "genus": "Acantholipan",
      "positiveFormation": "Pen",
      "country": "MX",
      "sources": [
        "mexico2018"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "type specimen CPC 272 horizon and locality checked in original description",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "locality": "Los Primos, south of San Miguel, Ocampo, Coahuila"
    },
    {
      "genus": "Animantarx",
      "positiveFormation": "Cedar Mountain",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "cedar1999",
        "peloro2008"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "Original description p.244 confirms Carol Site 42EM366V, Mussentuchit; exact frozen occurrence 285084 reviewed.",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "member": "Mussentuchit",
      "note": "Shares member with Peloroplites; cannot uniquely distinguish them."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Borealopelta",
      "positiveFormation": "Clearwater",
      "country": "CA",
      "sources": [
        "boreal2017"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "member": "Wabiskaw",
      "note": "Use formation before fine age claims: Aptian/Albian assignments differ among source passages."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Edmontonia",
      "positiveFormation": "Horseshoe Canyon",
      "country": "CA",
      "sources": [
        "panop2026"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "Edmontonia longiceps holotype CMN 8531 horizon checked in 2026 revision",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "locality": "Red Deer River, northwest of Morrin",
      "note": "Also confirmed in Dinosaur Park (E. rugosidens and Edmontonia sp.) and Two Medicine (E. rugosidens); Aguja is cf. Edmontonia. Genus-type anchor does not exclude these other occurrences."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Gastonia",
      "positiveFormation": "Cedar Mountain",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "gastonia2016"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "2016 redescription confirms G. burgei type locality Yellow Cat Quarry (= Gaston Quarry), upper Yellow Cat Member, Utah; two frozen Yellow Cat records reviewed.",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "member": "Yellow Cat (G. burgei); lower Ruby Ranch (G. lorriemcwhinneyae as assigned in 2016 source)",
      "locality": "Yellow Cat Quarry; Dalton Well; Lorrie’s Site",
      "note": "Use the positively documented Yellow Cat occurrence as a candidate anchor. Preserve Poison Strip and Ruby Ranch alternatives for Lorrie’s Site; do not claim Yellow Cat is the only place the genus occurs."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Glyptodontopelta",
      "positiveFormation": "Ojo Alamo",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "glypto2008",
        "invict2018"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "member": "Naashoibito",
      "note": "Older Kirtland/Ojo Alamo allocation labels need reconciliation. Edmontonia australis referral was synonymized with Glyptodontopelta; do not treat every historical Edmontonia record here as independent current confirmation."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Hoplitosaurus",
      "positiveFormation": "Lakota",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "dakotadon2015",
        "wealden2020"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "note": "Old Utah referrals and Polacanthus synonymizations require review; Lakota positive does not establish an exclusive range."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Invictarx",
      "positiveFormation": "Menefee",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "invict2018"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "member": "Allison, Juans Lake Beds",
      "note": "San Juan Basin overlaps Glyptodontopelta at basin scale, despite different formations and ages."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Niobrarasaurus",
      "positiveFormation": "Niobrara Chalk",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "niobrara1995"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "member": "Smoky Hill Chalk",
      "note": "1995 description explicitly leaves other similar chalk specimens as Nodosauridae incertae sedis, not automatically Niobrarasaurus."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Nodosaurus",
      "positiveFormation": "Frontier",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "japan2005"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "member": "Belle Fourche",
      "note": "Positive horizon documented in 2005 primary article table, based on Carpenter & Kirkland 1998; retain Stegopelta on the same clue."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Panoplosaurus",
      "positiveFormation": "Dinosaur Park",
      "country": "CA",
      "sources": [
        "panop2026"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "CMN 2759 type horizon checked in 2026 revision",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "locality": "Quarry 008, Dinosaur Provincial Park",
      "note": "Edmontonia overlaps, including broad stratigraphic overlap. Matanuska Alaska referral tentative. Aguja specimen AMNH 3076 is cf. Edmontonia in this revision."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Patagopelta",
      "positiveFormation": "Allen",
      "country": "AR",
      "sources": [
        "patag2022",
        "patag2025"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "locality": "Salitral Moreno, Río Negro",
      "note": "2025/2026 new-material paper treats taxon as Parankylosauria. Preserve source roster placement until a documented policy decision; formation positive independent of tree classification."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Pawpawsaurus",
      "positiveFormation": "Paw Paw",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "paw1996",
        "england1999"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "note": "Texasetes shares formation. Possible synonymy is a separate scientific issue; locality is not a justified cut."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Peloroplites",
      "positiveFormation": "Cedar Mountain",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "peloro2008",
        "cross2026"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "member": "Mussentuchit",
      "locality": "PR-2 Quarry",
      "note": "Original PR-2 description places its holotype in basal Mussentuchit and revises the older Ruby Ranch label. Cross 2026 Table 1 still lists CEUM 34580 as Ruby Ranch. Retain both supported horizon contexts; do not treat either as proof of an exclusive genus range."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Propanoplosaurus",
      "positiveFormation": "Patuxent",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "prop2011"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "note": "Original source explicitly treats natural body cast/mold as a body fossil. Avoid broad claims that it is a track or that all Potomac units are interchangeable."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Sauropelta",
      "positiveFormation": "Cloverly",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "tatanka2009",
        "england1999",
        "gastonia2016"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "note": "Tatankacephalus shares formation. Old Cedar Mountain referral doubted by 2016 authors; retain as uncertain overlap until adjudicated."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Silvisaurus",
      "positiveFormation": "Dakota",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "england1999",
        "silviMuseum"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "note": "Formation positive checked in primary review; precise original Terra Cotta member/type site review remains pending."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Stegopelta",
      "positiveFormation": "Frontier",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "japan2005"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "member": "Belle Fourche",
      "note": "Shares formation and member with Nodosaurus; no two-way exclusion using that clue."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Tatankacephalus",
      "positiveFormation": "Cloverly",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "tatanka2009"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "note": "Original description compares it with Sauropelta from the same formation; no two-way exclusion using that clue."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Texasetes",
      "positiveFormation": "Paw Paw",
      "country": "US",
      "sources": [
        "texas1995",
        "england1999"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "note": "Shares formation with Pawpawsaurus. Exact original type locality not checked in full Coombs paper."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Anoplosaurus",
      "positiveFormation": "Cambridge Greensand OR Upper Gault Clay",
      "country": "UK",
      "sources": [
        "england1999"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "lectotype-series locality read; formation provenance explicitly uncertain",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "locality": "Reach, Cambridgeshire",
      "note": "Reworked fossil-bearing bed and uncertainty over original unit mean neither formation can be asserted exclusively."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Hungarosaurus",
      "positiveFormation": "Csehbánya",
      "country": "HU",
      "sources": [
        "hungaro2005",
        "hungary2013"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "locality": "Iharkút",
      "note": "cf. Struthiosaurus occurs at same site; retain it as uncertain plausible match even though PBDB snapshot country list omits Hungary."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Hylaeosaurus",
      "positiveFormation": "Grinstead Clay",
      "country": "UK",
      "sources": [
        "wealden2020"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "NHMUK PV OR3775 type horizon checked in published author chapter",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "locality": "Imprecisely located quarry in Tilgate Forest near Cuckfield, West Sussex",
      "note": "Many historical referrals fail current taxonomic revision; broad Wealden range not automatically validated."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Polacanthus",
      "positiveFormation": "Wessex",
      "country": "UK",
      "sources": [
        "wealden2020"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "NHMUK PV R175 type horizon checked in published author chapter",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "locality": "Barnes High, Isle of Wight",
      "note": "2020 revision restricts confident assignment and rejects many older referrals; Spanish/Valanginian claims need specimen-level review, not automatic deletion."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Struthiosaurus",
      "positiveFormation": "Grünbach",
      "country": "AT",
      "sources": [
        "struth2022",
        "hungary2013"
      ],
      "completeOccurrenceFootprintReviewed": false,
      "typeAnchorReview": "candidate anchor; exact original type horizon not independently checked",
      "reviewStatus": "positive presence checked; exhaustive occurrence/referral audit pending",
      "locality": "Muthmannsdorf",
      "note": "Multi-species genus: French and Romanian records plus Hungarian cf. referral. Austria type locality is not an exclusive genus range."
    }
  ],
  "positiveOverlaps": [
    {
      "genera": [
        "Nodosaurus",
        "Stegopelta"
      ],
      "country": "US",
      "rank": "formation",
      "name": "Frontier",
      "certainty": "reported",
      "source": {
        "title": "Hayakawa, Manabe & Carpenter (2005), Nodosaurid Ankylosaur from the Cenomanian of Japan",
        "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249023613_Nodosaurid_Ankylosaur_from_the_Cenomanian_of_Japan",
        "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0240:NAFTCO]2.0.CO;2",
        "access": "author-uploaded primary article Table 1 read; North American horizons compile Carpenter & Kirkland 1998"
      },
      "note": "Both listed in the Belle Fourche Member in Table 1; neither can be eliminated by this formation clue."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Nodosaurus",
        "Stegopelta"
      ],
      "country": "US",
      "rank": "member",
      "name": "Belle Fourche",
      "certainty": "reported",
      "source": {
        "title": "Hayakawa, Manabe & Carpenter (2005), Nodosaurid Ankylosaur from the Cenomanian of Japan",
        "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249023613_Nodosaurid_Ankylosaur_from_the_Cenomanian_of_Japan",
        "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0240:NAFTCO]2.0.CO;2",
        "access": "author-uploaded primary article Table 1 read; North American horizons compile Carpenter & Kirkland 1998"
      },
      "note": "Member-level clue still matches both.",
      "formation": "Frontier"
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Edmontonia",
        "Panoplosaurus"
      ],
      "country": "CA",
      "rank": "formation",
      "name": "Dinosaur Park",
      "certainty": "reported",
      "source": {
        "title": "Livius et al. (2026), Redescription of the Panoplosaurus mirus holotype skull using computed tomography, and a new comparative scheme for panoplosaurin cranial ornamentation",
        "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2026.2636589",
        "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2026.2636589",
        "access": "full paper, systematic palaeontology and biostratigraphy read",
        "authorCopy": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_r/2026/Redescription_Panoplosaurus_2026.pdf"
      },
      "note": "Both affirmed in 2026 revision. Edmontonia longiceps type is elsewhere; E. rugosidens and Edmontonia sp. still establish genus-level overlap."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Sauropelta",
        "Tatankacephalus"
      ],
      "country": "US",
      "rank": "formation",
      "name": "Cloverly",
      "certainty": "reported",
      "source": {
        "title": "Parsons & Parsons (2009), A new ankylosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of central Montana",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/E09-045",
        "doi": "10.1139/E09-045",
        "access": "primary article abstract read via author research listing",
        "authorCopy": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233592535_A_new_ankylosaur_Dinosauria_Ankylosauria_from_the_Lower_Cretaceous_Cloverly_Formation_of_central_Montana"
      },
      "note": "Same formation acknowledged in the original Tatankacephalus description."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Pawpawsaurus",
        "Texasetes"
      ],
      "country": "US",
      "rank": "formation",
      "name": "Paw Paw",
      "certainty": "reported",
      "source": {
        "title": "Pereda-Suberbiola & Barrett (1999), A systematic review of ankylosaurian dinosaur remains from the Albian-Cenomanian of England",
        "url": "https://palass.org/sites/default/files/media/publications/special_papers_in_palaeontology/number_60/SPP60_compressed_OCR_0.pdf",
        "doi": null,
        "access": "full paper pp.177-208; Anoplosaurus type locality and comparative introduction read"
      },
      "note": "Both recorded from this formation in primary review, citing their original descriptions."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Gastonia",
        "Animantarx",
        "Peloroplites"
      ],
      "country": "US",
      "rank": "formation",
      "name": "Cedar Mountain",
      "certainty": "reported",
      "source": {
        "title": "Kinneer, Carpenter & Shaw (2016), Redescription of Gastonia burgei and description of a new species",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2016/0605",
        "doi": "10.1127/njgpa/2016/0605",
        "access": "author-uploaded full paper, introduction, locality descriptions and discussion read",
        "authorCopy": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308878540_Redescription_of_Gastonia_burgei_Dinosauria_Ankylosauria_Polacanthidae_and_description_of_a_new_species"
      },
      "note": "Named genera share the formation; their preferred/type sites differ."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Animantarx",
        "Peloroplites"
      ],
      "country": "US",
      "rank": "member",
      "name": "Mussentuchit",
      "certainty": "reported",
      "source": {
        "title": "Carpenter et al. (2008), Ankylosaurs from the Price River Quarries, Cedar Mountain Formation, east-central Utah",
        "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089",
        "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089",
        "access": "publisher abstract / indexed primary article text"
      },
      "note": "Original Peloroplites horizon at base of member; original Animantarx description places it in this member.",
      "formation": "Cedar Mountain"
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Sauropelta"
      ],
      "country": "US",
      "rank": "formation",
      "name": "Cedar Mountain",
      "certainty": "uncertain",
      "source": {
        "title": "Kinneer, Carpenter & Shaw (2016), Redescription of Gastonia burgei and description of a new species",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2016/0605",
        "doi": "10.1127/njgpa/2016/0605",
        "access": "author-uploaded full paper, introduction, locality descriptions and discussion read",
        "authorCopy": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308878540_Redescription_of_Gastonia_burgei_Dinosauria_Ankylosauria_Polacanthidae_and_description_of_a_new_species"
      },
      "note": "Authors expressly doubt the old referral and retain cf. Sauropelta in discussion. Do not silently remove this uncertainty from the candidate count."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Struthiosaurus"
      ],
      "country": "HU",
      "rank": "formation",
      "name": "Csehbánya",
      "certainty": "uncertain",
      "source": {
        "title": "Ősi & Prondvai (2013), Sympatry of two ankylosaurs (Hungarosaurus and cf. Struthiosaurus) in the Santonian of Hungary",
        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667113000554",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.cretres.2013.03.006",
        "access": "full author manuscript, collection locality and qualified identification read",
        "authorCopy": "https://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/104972671/_si_et_Prondvai_2013_Ankylosaur_sympatry_at_Ihark_t.pdf"
      },
      "note": "cf. Struthiosaurus specimen MTM PAL 2012.30.1 at Iharkút; Hungary absent from snapshot Struthiosaurus country footprint does not justify exclusion."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Hungarosaurus"
      ],
      "country": "HU",
      "rank": "formation",
      "name": "Csehbánya",
      "certainty": "reported",
      "source": {
        "title": "Ősi (2005), Hungarosaurus tormai, a new ankylosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary",
        "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282005%29025%5B0370%3AHTANAD%5D2.0.CO%3B2",
        "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0370:HTANAD]2.0.CO;2",
        "access": "publisher abstract / indexed primary article text"
      },
      "note": "Confirmed genus at Iharkút; compare with uncertain Struthiosaurus overlap."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Edmontonia"
      ],
      "country": "US",
      "rank": "formation",
      "name": "Aguja",
      "certainty": "uncertain",
      "source": {
        "title": "Livius et al. (2026), Redescription of the Panoplosaurus mirus holotype skull using computed tomography, and a new comparative scheme for panoplosaurin cranial ornamentation",
        "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2026.2636589",
        "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2026.2636589",
        "access": "full paper, systematic palaeontology and biostratigraphy read",
        "authorCopy": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_r/2026/Redescription_Panoplosaurus_2026.pdf"
      },
      "note": "AMNH 3076 referred to cf. Edmontonia in 2026 systematic treatment."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Panoplosaurus"
      ],
      "country": "US",
      "rank": "formation",
      "name": "Matanuska",
      "certainty": "uncertain",
      "source": {
        "title": "Livius et al. (2026), Redescription of the Panoplosaurus mirus holotype skull using computed tomography, and a new comparative scheme for panoplosaurin cranial ornamentation",
        "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2026.2636589",
        "doi": "10.1080/02724634.2026.2636589",
        "access": "full paper, systematic palaeontology and biostratigraphy read",
        "authorCopy": "https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_r/2026/Redescription_Panoplosaurus_2026.pdf"
      },
      "note": "DPMWA 90-25 tentative referral; not equivalent to a firmly identified Alaskan occurrence."
    }
  ],
  "reviewFlags": [
    {
      "genera": [
        "Edmontonia",
        "Panoplosaurus"
      ],
      "reason": "Historical specimen reassignment changes supposed geographic ranges; use 2026 specimen referrals alongside, not silently instead of, frozen PBDB evidence."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Gastonia",
        "Sauropelta"
      ],
      "reason": "Member nomenclature and disputed Cedar Mountain referrals need curator decisions."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Hylaeosaurus",
        "Polacanthus"
      ],
      "reason": "2020 revision rejects many provenance-based referrals; raw accepted PBDB occurrences may preserve older attributions."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Anoplosaurus"
      ],
      "reason": "Type-series formation provenance uncertain between Cambridge Greensand and Upper Gault Clay; reworking matters."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Patagopelta"
      ],
      "reason": "New 2025/2026 paper places taxon in Parankylosauria; source-tree discrepancy requires explicit recorded policy decision."
    },
    {
      "genera": [
        "Hungarosaurus",
        "Struthiosaurus"
      ],
      "reason": "Supplement cf. Hungarian overlap absent from frozen PBDB footprint."
    }
  ],
  "conclusion": "Formation evidence can substantially subdivide the 20-genus American pool and 5-genus European pool, but overlap must be retained and exhaustive negative coverage remains unapproved. Frontier, Cloverly, Paw Paw, Dinosaur Park and Mussentuchit still leave real paired alternatives.",
  "downloadedSourceChecksums": [
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  ],
  "gastoniaReconciliation": {
    "reviewDate": "2026-10-10",
    "scope": "Source comparison only; no expanded-roster hidden answer or runtime geographic clue enabled.",
    "recordReviews": "Three exact occurrence/collection reviews in locality-evidence-policy.json; original rows preserved.",
    "aggregation": "Attach broad literature summaries to the named records rather than manufacturing additional occurrences with unknown members.",
    "silvisaurus": "Both frozen records are in Kansas. Missing formation for Wilson Lake remains unknown in an anchor that does not specify state; it does not establish a Utah occurrence.",
    "remainingWork": "All-genus specimen ranges and every reachable candidate state still require Expert curation. Peloroplites member nomenclature and Lorrie’s Site alternatives remain visible."
  }
}